Library

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • 2010-2014
  • 1975-1979  (71)
  • 1965-1969  (72)
  • 1890-1899
  • Insulin
  • Psychopharmacology
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; NSILA-S ; adipocytes ; hypophysectomized rats ; insulin-receptor ; NSILA-S-receptor ; glucose metabolism ; glucose transport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Isolated fat cells from normal and hypophysectomized rats have been compared with respect to: 1) binding of insulin and NSILA-S, and 2) effects of these two hormones on glucose transport and metabolism. Although both insulin and NSILA levels were decreased in the serum of hypophysectomized rats, insulin binding was decreased to about 63% of normal, whereas NSILA-S binding remained unchanged. Basal lipogenesis was similar in adipocytes of normal and hypophysectomized rats, but was not stimulated by either insulin or NSILA-S. Similarly, neither of the two hormones stimulated the net gas exchange of “intact” fat pads from hypophysectomized rats. In striking contrast to these findings, 3-O-methylglucose transport in unstimulated fat cells of hypophysectomized rats proceeded at a maximal rate which was not further enhanced by insulin or NSILA-S. These results suggest that the lack of one or several hormones of the pituitary causes one or several enzyme deficiencies responsible for the limited rate of lipogenesis, which otherwiese would proceed at a very rapid rate because of unrestrained glucose transport.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; glucagon ; rat ; fetus ; neonate ; isolated islets ; glucose ; arginine ; leucine ; somatostatin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Islets were isolated by mild collagenase digestion and microdissection from rat fetuses 2 days before term and pups 1 or 2 days after birth and their insulin and glucagon secretion studied in vitro. Fetal B cells were stimulated by 16.7 mmol/l glucose, 20 mmol/l leucine or 20 mmol/l arginine. Fetal A cells were not affected by glucose or leucine, but were significantly stimulated by arginine. Somatostatin abolished the effect of arginine on both IRI and IRG output. Neonatal islets proportionally released more insulin and glucagon than their fetal counterparts, but reacted to the tested agents in a similar fashion. During the perinatal period, pancreatic insulin storage increased at a higher rate than that of glucagon. It is concluded that fetal B cells are equipped with sensors to a variety of agents and able to modulate their secretory rate according to the concentration of these agents. A cells are reactive to arginine 2 days before term but do not become glucose reactive until several days after birth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 16 (1979), S. 201-206 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; glucose ; newborn ; early insulin response to feeding ; insulin in suckled infant ; newborn lambs ; newborn rabbits ; atropine and insulin secretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Developmental changes in the plasma insulin response to milk ingestion have been determined in neonatal lambs fed by bottle and in naturally suckled infant rabbits. In lambs at 4 days of age and older plasma insulin increased within 5 min of suckling and declined again before increasing to a second peak 60 to 120 min after the feed. The early insulin peak was not associated with any change in plasma glucose and was absent in lambs at 1 day of age. When the early insulin peak was absent the increase in plasma glucose following the meal was greater. The early, apparently reflex, release of insulin also occurred in some ‘sham-fed’ lambs. Atropine administration before feeding abolished the early peak in insulin. A marked early peak of insulin release, not accompanied by any consistent change in plasma glucose, was also observed in naturally-suckled infant rabbits at 1, 5, 10 and 15 days after birth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; glucagon ; portal blood ; glucose ; arginine ; liver cirrhosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The portal vein was catheterized via the umbilical vein under local anaesthesia in 10 non-diabetic subjects about to undergo exploratory laparotomy and in 8 patients with liver cirrhosis. Immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and glucagon (IRG) were assayed in portal and peripheral blood before and during IV infusion of glucose (0.33 g/kg) or arginine (25 g). Basal peripheral plasma (IRI) levels were raised in cirrhotic patients (19±2 versus 10±1 μU/ml; P〈0.001). Basal portal insulin values, however, did not differ in the two groups. After glucose cirrhotic patients had higher peripheral insulin concentrations, compared to controls, significant at 45 and 60 minutes. In contrast portal insulin levels were higher in controls than in cirrhotics by 1 minute (403±43 versus 158±38 μU/ml; P〈0.001) and remained so for the 60 minutes of study. Similarly, after arginine cirrhotics had significantly higher peripheral insulin concentrations and lower portal concentrations than controls. Peak portal vein insulin levels were delayed in cirrhotics (168±16 μU/ml at 3 min) compared with controls (413±25 μU/ml at 1 min). In the basal state both portal and peripheral glucagon levels were higher in cirrhotics than control subjects. Unlike in controls, IV glucose did not suppress glucagon secretion in cirrhotic patients. Peripheral plasma glucagon concentrations after arginine were also consistently higher in cirrhotics than controls, but unlike insulin portal venous glucagon levels were also raised (1800±360 pg/ml, cirrhotics; 960±87 pg/ml, controls; P〈0.001; 1 min after arginine infusion). We conclude that insulin secretion is decreased in liver cirrhosis and that the peripheral hyperinsulinaemia observed reflects diminished hormone metabolism. The high plasma glucagon levels observed in cirrhotic patients are the result of pancreatic hypersecretion of glucagon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 16 (1979), S. 275-279 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; receptors ; mouse embryo retina ; Simian virus 40 ; established cell lines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The binding of125I-insulin to uncloned and cloned cultures of mouse retinal cells has been investigated. At 15° C, binding of the hormone reached a steady state by 60 min, while at 37° C equilibrium was reached earlier but at a lower level than at 15° C. Porcine insulin, porcine proinsulin and guinea pig insulin displaced labelled insulin in proportion to their known biological potency. A sharp pH dependence of the hormone binding was observed with an optimum at pH 7.8. The dissociation rate of the125I-insulin was increased in the presence of unlabelled hormone, suggesting the existence of negative cooperativity in the insulin-receptor interaction. The availability of established retinal cell lines with insulin receptors should facilitate the study of the insulin-retina interactions in a controlled in vitro system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Adrenergic innervation ; Endocrine pancreas ; Insulin ; Exercise ; Glucagon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The normal depression of plasma insulin concentration during exercise has been ascribed to adrenergic inhibition of insulin release and the role of humoral catecholamines in this hormonal adjustment has repeatedly been stressed. In the present study this contention has been investigated in 6 bilaterally adrenalectomized patients and in 6 sex- and age-matched controls who undertook exercise on an ergometer until they were exhausted. No differences were observed in any cardiovascular or metabolic adjustments between the two groups during strenous exercise. Mean plasma insulin concentration fell by about 50% in both groups. Phentolamine effectively abolished the fall in plasma insulin concentration during exercise in 2 adrenalectomized patients. The results suggest that the adrenergic nerves that supply the B-cells have a functional role in man during exercise.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 132 (1979), S. 189-195 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: First feed ; Newborn ; Insulin ; Glucagon ; C-peptide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Blood glucose, insulin, C-peptide and glucagon were evaluated in 36 newborn term infants at birth, and before and 60 min after the first feed during the first day of life. Under basal conditions glycaemia diminished during the first day of life and glucagon increased, while insulin and C-peptide did not show any variation. The C-peptide: insulin molar ratio was higher in the newborn than in adults because of the longer half-life of C-peptide, probably due to reduced renal function in the neonatal period. The subjects were divided into two groups: 18 newborn infants were given a feed of commercially available milk powder reconstituted in water at 10% (5 ml/kg); the other 18 were given a feed of 5 ml/kg 10% glucose solution. In each group 6 were given the first feed after a fast of 6 h, 6 after a fast of 12 h, and 6 after a fast of 24 h from birth. After the first feed with milk, the average increase of glycaemia was 19.83 mg%, of insulin 6.06 μU/ml, and of C-peptide 1.88 ng/ml. After the first feed with glucose the average increase of glycaemia was 13.59 mg%, of insulin 2.46 μU/ml, and of C-peptide 0.59 ng/ml. Glucagon did not show significant changes after the first feed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 131 (1979), S. 185-198 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Growth hormone ; Somatomedin ; Chronic renal failure ; Uraemic children ; Haemodialysis ; Insulin ; Arginine ; Carbohydrate intolerance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Plasma growth hormone (GH) concentrations after insulin and arginine stimulation were estimated in 11 dialyzed and 6 non-dialyzed children with chronic renal failure. Twenty healthy children served as controls. Plasma GH peak concentration and estimation of the total area under the plasma GH concentration-time curve by the trapezoidal rule were used to evaluate results. Elevated basal GH levels and an exaggerated response to the stimuli were seen in several of the patients. The causes of the abnormal GH secretion and the role of high GH levels in carbohydrate intolerance are discussed. No consistent pattern was seen in GH secretion during haemodialysis without glucose in the dialysate. In children undergoing haemodialysis with a fluid containing glucose, plasma GH fell considerably.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Papillary muscle ; Hypoxia ; Glucose ; Insulin ; Force of contraction ; Papillarmuskel ; Kontraktionskraft ; Hypoxie ; Glucose ; Insulin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die minimal verbleibende Kontraktionskraft unter dem Einfluß von Hypoxie wurde an isolierten, rechtsventrikulären Papillarmuskeln (Meerschweinchen) gemessen, die kurzdauernd (90 s) mit hypoxischem (pO2 90 mm Hg) statt oxygeniertem (pO2 630 mm Hg) Medium inkubiert wurden. Unter dem Einfluß von Insulin (0,05 IE/ml) bei erhöhter Glucosekonzentration (300 mg% im Vergleich mit 100 mg%) sank die Kontraktionskraft minimal nur auf 70±9% im Vergleich mit 38±11% des Ausgangswertes (Kontrolle,p〈0,001). Eine alleinige Erhöhung der Glucosekonzentration oder Zugabe von Insulin hatte geringere Effekte zur Folge. Diese Befunde dokumentieren eine erhebliche Steigerung der Hypoxietoleranz des Myokards durch Glucose-Insulin.
    Notes: Summary The minimally remaining force of contraction under the influence of hypoxia was measured in isolated right-ventricular papillary muscles of the guinea-pig, incubated in hypoxic (pO2 90 mm Hg) and oxygenated (pO2 630 mm Hg) buffer solution. With insulin (0.05 IE/ml) and elevated glucose (300 mg% compared to 100 mg%) the force of contraction fell to only 70±9% minimally instead of 38±11% (control,p〈0,001). Elevated glucose or insulin alone had less pronounced effects which were not statistically significant for insulin. The results show an increase of tolerance against hypoxia of isolated papillary muscles under the influence of glucose and insulin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 41 (1979), S. 51-59 
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Exercise ; Training ; Free fatty acids ; Triglycerides ; Insulin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twenty healthy athletes performed a heavy physical exercise before and after a controlled training period of 3 months. As a result of physical training there was a reduction in lactate concentration during and after exercise. Plasma free fatty acids and triglyceride levels were lower at rest as well as during and after exercise. Insulin concentrations decreased during exercise before the training period whereas they remained constant afterwards. The composition of individual free fatty acids changed in the same way during exercise before and after training: fatty acids with shorter hydrocarbon chains increased, those with longer chains decreased. Comparing the pattern of individual free fatty acids before and after training a higher percentage of saturated and a lower percentage of mono-unsaturated fatty acids was observed. It is concluded that changes in the plasma free fatty acid profile during heavy exercise reflect a preferential uptake and oxidation of certain individual free fatty acids. The significance of training-induced changes in the plasma free fatty acid pattern is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 41 (1979), S. 211-219 
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Adrenaline ; Noradrenaline ; Glucagon ; Insulin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of 9 weeks of training on responses of plasma hormones to swimming were studied in eight competitive swimmers who had not trained for several months. Two types of swimming tests were used: (1) 200 yd, a high intensity, exhausting type of exercise in which maximal effort was required both before and after training, and (2) 1000 yd, a pace type of exercise in which subjects swam as fast as possible prior to training and at the same rate after training. Plasma levels of glucagon increased and of insulin decreased during 1000 yd of swimming, but were not altered by 200 yd of swimming. No training effects were apparent in responses of plasma insulin and glucagon to these short-term, high intensity exercise tests. During the 1000 yd swim, plasma adrenaline was 0.8 ng/ml before vs. 0.1 ng/ml after training. Plasma noradrenaline response decreased from 3.4 to 1.2 ng/ml as a result of training. In the 200 yd swim, adrenaline, but not noradrenaline, was lower after training.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 12
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; pancreatic B cells ; serotonin ; fluorescence microscopy ; monoamine oxidase ; L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The role of intracellular pancreatic B cell serotonin in the dynamics of insulin release was investigated in an in situ perfused rat pancreas preparation. Animals were pretreated with 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) to increase the intracellular levels of serotonin (5-HT) as shown by fluorescence histochemistry. Despite a clear induction of intracellular 5-HT fluorescence in pancreatic islets neither the pattern nor the total amount of insulin released were significantly modified after perfusion with either glucose or tolbutamide. However, the L-amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor, RO 4-4602, significantly decreased both phases of glucose-mediated insulin release in normal animals as well as in those receiving 5-HTP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 13
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; pyruvate dehydrogenase ; enzyme interconversion ; heart muscle ; alloxan-diabetes ; heart perfusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Evidence is presented for regulation by insulin of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) interconversion in rat heart muscle in vivo and in vitro. In the alloxan diabetic rat the active (dephospho) enzyme amounted only to 12% of total PDH and was restored to 42% by insulin. Antilipolytic treatment of the diabetic animals was ineffective, indicating that the action of insulin was independent of a lowering of plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentration. On perfusion of isolated hearts from diabetic rats in the presence of glucose the proportion of pyruvate dehydrogenase in the active form remained low but was fully restored upon addition of insulin (2 mU/ml) to the medium. No effect of insulin was obtained in the absence of glucose. The correlation between the rate of pyruvate decarboxylation in the perfused heart and of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, in vitro, suggests that in the diabetic heart the entry of pyruvate into the citric acid cycle is largely controlled by covalent modification of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex rather than by feedback inhibition. The possible role of insulin therein is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 14 (1978), S. 59-64 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; anti-insulin serum ; glucagon ; glycogen ; glucose ; lactate ; free fatty acids ; fetus ; newborn ; neonatal hypoglycaemia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of the administration of anti-insulin serum to newborn rats, surgically delivered under ether anaesthesia at term, was examined with respect to liver glycogen concentration and plasma concentrations of glucose, lactate and free fatty acids. Newborn rats thus treated showed decreased liver glycogen concentrations and elevated plasma concentrations of glucose, lactate and free fatty acids compared to untreated control animals one hour later. These effects were dose-dependent with respect to the amount of anti-insulin serum administered. The simultaneous administration of glucagon with anti-insulin serum at birth was no more effective in mobilising glycogen stores than anti-insulin serum alone, although plasma glucose concentrations in these animals were higher and plasma lactate concentrations were lower. Either anti-insulin serum or glucagon abolished the postnatal hypoglycaemia observed in untreated neonatal rats. The rate of fall in plasma lactate concentrations after birth was stimulated in glucagon-treated rats but was retarded in rats treated with anti-insulin serum. Hormonal control over the initiation of glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the newborn rat appears to be different, a fall in plasma insulin being the prime factor involved in triggering glycogen mobilization and a rise in plasma glucagon the prime event that initiates gluconeogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 15
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Nerve growth factor ; Bone resorption ; Parathyroid hormone ; Insulin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The effects of 7S nerve growth factor (NGF) and its isolated α, β, and γ subunits on bone resorption were assessed in a tissue culture system in which the degree of resorption was determined by measuring the release of45Ca from prelabeled fetal rat radii and ulnae. It was found that 7S-NGF, through the activity of its γ, subunit, inhibits parathyroid hormone (PTH)-stimulated but not-unstimulated bone resorption. The following observations suggest that γ-NGF, a trypsin-like molecule, blocks PTH-induced bone resorption by enzymatic degradation of PTH: (a) γ-NGF does not inhibit bone resorption stimulated by the steroid, 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol; (b) trypsin is as effective as γ-NGF in inhibiting PTH-stimulated bone resorption; (c) the PTH-inhibitory action of both γ-NGF and trypsin are eliminated by inactivating these enzymes with diisopropyl fluorophosphate; and (d) addition of γ-NGF to the cultures 2 days after the inclusion of PTH does not result in inhibition of bone resorption. Similarly, when the subunit is added to the culture medium before the hormone, there is no inhibition of resorption. The latter observation suggests that the target of γ-NGF is the PTH molecule rather than its membrane receptors. Crystalline bovine insulin inhibits the γ-NGF suppression of PTH-induced bone resorption. This effect, however, is not mimicked by the addition of zinc, which is present in commerical insulin preparations, to the culture medium. Consequently, insulin must inhibit NGF by some mechanism other than the influence of zinc.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 373 (1978), S. 237-242 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Pancreatic islets ; K+ ; Rb+ ; Glucose ; Insulin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of glucose upon the handling of K+ by islets of Langerhans removed from normal rats was investigated by measuring both the net uptake of86Rb+ and its efflux from prelabelled islets. The inflow of K+ into islet cells is mediated, in part at least, by an ouabain-sensitive pump. Glucose fails to affect the inflow rate of K+, but it apparently decreases the permeability of islet cells plasma membrane to effluent K+. The glucose-induced change in permeability is a rapid and rapidly reversible phenomenon. Under steady-state conditions, it leads to an increase in the islet cells K+ pool and a decrease of its fractional turnover rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 375 (1978), S. 197-206 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Pancreatic islets ; Na+−K+ ; Ouabain ; Veratridine ; Glucose ; Insulin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of glucose upon the handling of22Na+ by pancreatic islets was investigated. Using a triple-isotope technique, the apparent concentration of Na+ in islet cells was estimated at 50–75 mM. The pattern of22Na+ efflux from perifused islets indicates that this intracellular Na+ load is compartmentalized among a small, possibly organelle-bound pool characterized by a low fractional turnover rate (5%/min) and a large, presumably cystosolic pool displaying a much higher fractional turnover rate (20–34%/min). Glucose provokes a rapid, pronounced and sustained increase in the fractional outflow rate of Na+ across the plasma membrane and, under steady-state conditions, moderately reduces the concentration of Na+ inside the islet cells. The glucose-induced increase in Na+ outflow rate, which is also observed in response to glyceraldehyde and does not require the presence of extracellular Ca2+, might be mediated, in part at least, by an ouabain-resistant ionophoretic system. The experimental data suggest that glucose also increases the inward transport of Na+ in islet cells by a veratridine-sensitive channel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 128 (1978), S. 187-195 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Insulin ; Glucagon ; Glucose ; Free fatty acids ; Newborn infant ; Cord blood ; Arterio-venous difference
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei Geburt ist der Blutzucker bei der Mutter am höchsten, niedriger in der Nabelvene und am tiefsten in der Nabelarterie. Diese Unterschiede sind statistisch signifikant. Auch die Konzentration der freien Fettsäuren (FFS) weist ein Konzentrationsgefälle von der Mutter über die Nabelvene zur Nabelarterie auf. Diese Resultate unterstützen die Annahme, daß Glucose und FFS von der Mutter via Placenta auf den Fötus übergehen. Im mütterlichen Blut ist die Insulinkonzentration höher als im Nabelschnurblut. Es ist kein eindeutiger Unterschied zwischen Nabelvene und-arterie vorhanden. Nur im mütterlichen Blut ist eine signifikante Korrelation zwischen Glucose und Insulin nachweisbar. Hinsichtlich der Glucagonkonzentration bestehen nur geringe Unterschiede zwischen dem mütterlichen Blut und der Nabelarterie. Sie ist aber in der Nabelvene signifikant höher als bei der Mutter. Das Verhalten von Insulin und Glucagon ist vereinbar mit der Annahme, daß diese Hormone die Placenta nicht in wesentlichem Ausmaß passieren und im Fötus gebildet werden. In den ersten Stunden nach der Geburt sinkt die Glucose, die FFS steigen an, Insulin sinkt ab, und es erfolgt ein wesentlicher Anstieg von Glucagon.
    Notes: Abstract At birth there is a statistically significant correlation between the maternal blood sugar and the umbilical venous and arterial blood glucose. The glucose concentration in the mother is higher than in the umbilical vein, and in the latter higher than in the umbilical artery. The free fatty acids also show a falling gradient from the mother to the umbilical vein and artery. This supports the assumption that glucose and FFA pass the placenta from the mother to the foetus. Insulin concentration is significantly higher in the mother than in the cord blood. There is however no difference between umbilical venous and arterial plasma insulin. A statistically significant correlation between glucose and insulin is only demonstrable in the maternal blood. Glucagon levels are about the same in maternal and umbilical arterial blood, but are significantly higher in umbilical venous blood. These results are consistent with the supposition that insulin and glucagon do not cross the placenta to a significant extent and can be synthesised by the foetus. In the first few hours after birth, a fall of glucose and a rise in FFA occur at the same time. Insulin tends to be lower than at birth and glucagon rises.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 38 (1978), S. 301-305 
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: 10,000 m run ; Glucose ; Insulin ; Lipids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thirteen conditioned athletes were studied before and 5 min after running 10,000 m. This distance was run in an average of 41±4 min. All runners lost weight and accompanying this weight loss was an increase in the serum osmolality in the six runners in which it was measured. There was a significant increase in serum glucose (96±11 mg-% before run; 170±48 mg-% after run) and this increase was inversely correlated with running time. There was also a small, but significant, increase in serum insulin (15±2 ΜU/ml before run; 19±4 ΜU/ml after run). There was no consistent effect of running 10,000 m on serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels and on plasma lipoprotein electrophoresis patterns.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 39 (1978), S. 53-61 
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Exercise ; Insulin ; Glucagon ; Lipolysis ; Glucose ingestion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of glucose ingestion on the changes in blood glucose, FFA, insulin and glucagon levels induced by a prolonged exercise at about 50% of maximal oxygen uptake were investigated. Healthy volunteers were submitted to the following procedures: 1. a control test at rest consisting of the ingestion of 100 g glucose, 2. an exercise test without, or 3. with ingestion of 100 g of glucose. Exercise without glucose induced a progressive decrease in blood glucose and plasma insulin; plasma glucagon rose significantly from the 60th min onward (+45 pg/ml), the maximal increase being recorded during the 4th h of exercise (+135 pg/ml); plasma FFA rose significantly from the 60th min onward and reached their maximal values during the 4th h of exercise (2177±144 ΜEq/l, m±SE). Exercise with glucose ingestion blunted almost completely the normal insulin response to glucose. Under these conditions, exercise did not increase plasma glucagon before the 210th min; similarly, the exercise-induced increase in plasma FFA was markedly delayed and reduced by about 60%. It is suggested that glucose availability reduces exercise-induced glucagon secretion and, possibly consequently, FFA mobilization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 187 (1978), S. 535-550 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Insulin ; Electron microscopy (serial sections) ; Optical diffraction ; Crystalline beta granules (rhombohedra, dodecahedra, dipyramids, prisms)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of crystalline beta granules of the islets of Langerhans in the alligator has been investigated. From optical diffraction analysis and serial sectioning, the existence of four distinct types of crystalline inclusions was established in ultrathin sections. The first type is the most frequent and is interpreted as a rhombohedroni with a base, the ortho-hexagonal unit-cell edges being a=18.9 nm, c=23.0 nm. The second type of crystal (not observed in serial sections) is found compatible with a rhomb-dodecahedron which indexes on a cubic cell with a=9.6 nm. The third type of crystal was assigned to dipyramids. Dipyramids are extremely rare, and only two diffraction patterns were obtained; their crystal system could not be determined. Prisms, which are second in abundance, represent the fourth type of crystal. Spacings as well as the symmetry differ from those of the above three crystal types and indicate a tetragonal cell with a=4.2 nm, c=14.2 nm. The data for the prismatic crystals are strikingly similar to those of proinsulin and may represent the first case of agreement between crystals (i) formed in vitro and studied by X-ray diffraction and (ii) those investigated in situ by electron microscopy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 194 (1978), S. 387-398 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Isolated pancreatic islets ; Temperature ; Exocytosis ; Insulin ; Calcium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Exposure of isolated pancreatic islets (mouse or rat) to low temperature (2° C) evoked a threefold increase in insulin release irrespective of the glucose concentration in the incubation medium. Cold-induced release was transient and rewarming to 37° C restored the sensitivity of B-cells to glucose stimulation. In islets cooled to 2° C, exocytotic profiles could easily be detected both by thin-section and freeze-fracture electron microscopy. As revealed by the freeze-fracture technique, the number of exocytotic profiles per membrane area was increased three-to fourfold as compared to islet cells incubated at 20° C. This was paralleled by intracellular fusion of secretory vesicles. Cold-induced insulin release was not affected by theophylline, cytochalasin B, omission of extracellular Ca++ or D600. Replacement of extracellular Na+ with choline or sucrose suppressed the increase in insulin release and in frequency of exocytotic profiles recorded after exposure to 2° C. It is suggested that a redistribution of Ca++ from intracellular stores, possibly mediated by an increase in intracellular Na+, triggers exocytosis of insulin granules upon exposure to cold.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 86 (1978), S. 1621-1624 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: Insulin ; prednisolone ; glucose reabsorption ; tubular secretion ; excretion of sodium by the kidney
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In experiments on dogs a single injection of insulin in a dose of 1 unit/kg body weight caused an increase in the maximal reabsorption of glucose and secretion of diodone and reduced the excretion of sodium without any change in glomerular filtration. These effects depend on the direct action of insulin, for when it was injected directly into one of the renal arteries its action was manifested only in the kidney on the side of infusion. Prednisolone had no significant effect on glucose and diodone transport when given as a single injection (3–4 mg/kg) or over a period of 10 days (1.5–2 mg/kg daily).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 24
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Insulin ; Antibody ; Glomerulus ; Mesangium ; Quantitative morphology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thirty rabbits were immunized with MC insulin and high-molecular impurities of commercial insulin preparations (a+b component) over 30, 60 and 90 days. The serum insulin antibody titer was determined in animals as the insulin binding capacity. Further, a quantitative morphological analysis of the various types of glomerular cells and of the mesangium was performed on the glomeruli as a blind study. Significant mesangial cell proliferation and an increase in mesangial matrix were found on treatment with the a+b component whereas the animals treated with MC insulin exhibited only a transient and slight mesangial activation after 30 days. There was a positive correlation between the magnitude of the insulin binding capacity and the mesangial activation. Hence, the glomerular changes which are observed after treatment with insulin which is not highly purified must be attributed to the high molecular weight contaminants. Heterologous pure insulin must be regarded as having virtually no immunological effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 25
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; NSILA ; adipocytes ; diabetic rats ; insulin-receptor ; NSILA-receptor ; glucose transport ; glucose metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Isolated fat cells from normal and streptozotocin-diabetic rats were compared with respect to metabolic indices (glucose-uptake, 3-0-methylglucose efflux) with and without stimulation by insulin and nonsuppressible insulin-like activity (NSILA). In addition, binding studies were carried out with these two hormones. Basal14C-glucose oxidation and incorporation into lipids was decreased in diabetic cells and their response to insulin and NSILA was greatly reduced. Basal efflux of 3-0-methylglucose from diabetic cells was somewhat faster than from normal cells. The response to insulin and NSILA was less than in normal cells and it was delayed. The apparent number of insulin binding sites as well as their affinity for insulin was increased in diabetic cells. In contrast, the apparent number of binding sites for NSILA was decreased in diabetic cells and their affinity for NSILA was increased. In normal cells insulin enhanced binding of125I-NSILA more markedly than in diabetic cells. These findings show that the rate-limiting step of impaired glucose metabolism (oxidation and lipogenesis) in diabetic fat cells is beyond the interaction of the hormone with the receptor. They suggest that the apparent number of hormone receptors (insulin, NSILA) on the cell membrane is regulated individually for each binding site.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 26
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: hGH deficiency ; Insulin response to IV glucagon ; Insulin response to glucose ; Insulin ; Children and adolescents ; Glucagon ; OGTT
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Six children and adolescents (aged from 2 6/12 to 16 years) with isolated hGH deficiency were subjected to a standard oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) followed by the administration of IV glucagon at 180 mins. Three of them underwent a second test after several months of hGH therapy. Nine patients underwent a separate IV glucagon test and two of these patients had both tests. As controls served 14 endocrinologically normal children and adolescents, who underwent both tests. It was found that the patients with isolated hGH deficiency had lower basal plasma insulin and blood glucose levels and that their insulin response to IV glucagon even after oral glucose preloading was significantly lower than in the control group. This response was partially restored by several months of hGH treatment in the three patients tested. These findings are interpreted as further evidence for an insulinotrophic effect of hGH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 27
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; glycogen ; amino acid ; alloxan diabetes ; cultured hepatocytes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of insulin on net glycogen synthesis and amino acid incorporation into protein were studied in cultured hepatocytes from adult normal and alloxan diabetic rats. Insulin stimulated glycogen synthesis in monolayer cells throughout a four day culture period and enhanced leucine incorporation into protein more effectively in normal cells with high glycogen levels than in cultured diabetic cells. These differences correlate well with the observed cellular ultrastructures which were maintained much better in the presence of insulin. Restoration of the morphological changes of alloxan diabetic hepatocytes to normal liver cell structures can be observed at any time during the culture period by giving insulin continuously.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 13 (1977), S. 177-186 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; receptor binding ; diabetes ; Sepharose-coupled insulin ; PVP-coupled insulin ; Chinese hamster ; streptozotocin-diabetes ; liver membranes ; translation of hormone-receptor in-teraction ; 3′5′-AMP in fat cells ; catecholamines ; adenylate cyclase ; phosphodiesterase ; NSILA-S ; 3′5′-GMP ; calcium ; local anaesthetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 13 (1977), S. 219-228 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; glucagon ; binding sites ; receptors ; liver plasma membrane ; hepatocyte ; erythrocyte ; chicken ; rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Specific binding of chicken and porcine insulin was demonstrated in isolated chicken hepatocytes, chicken liver plasma membranes and chicken erythrocytes. In the liver, the binding reaction was characterized by a sensitivity and an apparent affinity which were similar to those observed in rat liver and, in contrast, by a decreased number of binding sites. In chicken liver, there were about 5 times fewer binding sites per mg of membrane protein or per unit of cell surface area than in rat liver. In chicken erythrocytes, the number of insulin binding sites per cell was even lower than in chicken hepatocytes. This decreased insulin binding was not accounted for by a faster insulin degradation in chicken tissues. Glucagon binding sites also appeared to be less numerous in chicken than in rat liver, at least at low glucagon concentration; however, the decrease in maximal binding capacity in chicken liver involved insulin and not glucagon binding. That chicken cells are equipped with insulin receptors which are less numerous than in mammalian cells may explain, partly at least, the physiological state of insulin resistance observed in the chicken.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 30
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Insulin ; Epinephrine ; Norepinephrine ; Glycogen ; Gluconeogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The significance of glucagon for post-exercise glucose homeostasis has been studied in rats fasted overnight. Immediately after exhaustive swimming either rabbit-antiglucagon serum or normal rabbit serum was injected by cardiac puncture. Cardiac blood and samples of liver and muscle tissue were collected before exercise and repeatedly during a 120 min recovery period after exercise. During the post-exercise period plasma glucagon concentrations decreased but remained above pre-exercise values in rats treated with normal serum, while rats treated with antiglucagon serum had excess antibody in plasma throughout. Nevertheless, all other parameters measured showed similar changes in the two groups. Thus after exercise the grossly diminished hepatic glycogen concentrations remained constant, while the decreased blood glucose concentrations were partially restored. Simultaneously concentrations in blood and serum of the main gluconeogenic substrates, lactate, pyruvate, alanine and glycerol declined markedly. During the post-exercise period NEFA concentrations in serum and plasma insulin concentrations remained increased and decreased, respectively, while plasma catecholamines did not differ from basal values. Muscle glycogen concentrations decreased slightly. These findings suggest that in the recovery period after exhaustive exercise the increased glucagon concentrations in plasma do not influence gluconeogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 369 (1977), S. 61-64 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Development ; Monosaccharide transport ; Insulin ; Muscle ; Lamb
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Uptake of the nonmetabolizable model sugar 3-0-methylglucose (3-MG) into skeletal muscle (musculi cricothyreoidei) of the lamb decreases with advancing age. Forestomach development does not affect 3-MG uptake. The stimulating effect of insulin upon 3-MG uptake also declines with age. Forestomach development does not influence this insulin effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 32
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Alanine ; Blood glucose ; Glucagon ; Insulin ; Gluconeogenesis ; Newborn
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Alanine (500 mg/kg body weight) was given orally to 27 healthy full term newborn infants, and the changes in blood glucose, pyruvate, lactate, alanine, glucagon and insulin were determined. Significant increments in blood glucose were found in 15 infants with blood glucose levels below 60 mg/100 ml, 4 of whom showed significant elevation of serum glucagon levels on day 1. This observation suggests that hepatic gluconeogenesis is possible immediately after birth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 33
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Insulin ; Tolbutamide ; Growth retardation ; Growth hormone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of tolbutamide administration on insulin secretion was studied in 69 children with growth retardation. Diminished insulin secretion was found in all the patients, compared to the control group. This insulin deficit was most evident in patients with isolated, total GH deficiency and least evident in children with idiopathic short stature. Intermediate values were found in dwarfism due to isolated, partial GH deficiency. These results favour the hypothesis that hypoinsulinism contributes to the somatotropin deficiency in causing growth retardation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 51 (1977), S. 55-59 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Chickens ; Insulin ; Adrenalin ; Blood Glucose ; Physiological Traits
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Differences in reaction to exogenous insulin and adrenalin were studied among chickens of ‘Leghorn’, ‘White Rock’ and ‘Rhode Island Red’ breeds, using level of blood glucose as indicator of the reaction to hormones. It was found that: 1.) The physiological quantity of glucose in blood in chickens of the three breeds ranged from 157 to 194 mg %. 2.) The reaction of chickens to insulin and adrenalin given alternately, measured by changes of blood glucose, differed according to the breed. The smallest reaction to hormones was in ‘Leghorn’, the biggest in ‘White Rock’. 3.) The chickens of ‘Leghorn’ and ‘Rhode Island Red’ breeds, as well as ‘Leghorn’ and ‘White Rock’ breeds, differed significantly in maximal glucose level after adrenalin, 4.) The correlation between the normal quantity of blood glucose and the body weight of birds appeared highly significant in cockerels of all three races combined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 176 (1977), S. 529-551 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pancreatic islets ; Correlative light and electron microscopy ; Immunohistochemistry ; Insulin ; Glucagon ; Xiphophorus helleri
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Cinq catégories cellulaires sont décrites dans l'îlot endocrine du poisson téléostéen Xiphophorus helleri. Chacune est définie par un ensemble de caractères histochimiques et ultrastructuraux, ce qui peut être fait avec certitude grâce à l'étude comparée de coupes ultra-fines et sémi-fines successives. Les techniques d'immunofluorescence ont été appliquées à du matériel préparé pour la microscopie électronique, à l'aide de sérums anti-glucagon et anti-insuline de porc. Un des résultats les plus intéressants est la démonstration de l'existence de 2 catégories de cellules A2: les cellules Adams positives, qui ont des grains de sécrétion amorphes et de section circulaire (≪ cellules à grains ronds ≫) et les cellules Adams négatives, dont de nombreux grains sont des cristaux (≪cellules à grains cristallins≫). Les cellules B et les cellules A1 constituent deux autres types cellulaires. Les ≪cellules claires≫, qui ne réagissent à aucune des techniques employées, représentent un type cellulaire distinct des précédents. L'influence de la fixation se révèle très importante, aussi bien sur les affinités tinctoriales des cellules que sur leurs caractères ultrastructuraux. The authors are grateful to Mrs. L.G. Heding, Novo Industri A/S, Bagsvaerd, for antiporcine insulin and glucagon sera, to Dr. S. Syed Ali, Elektronenmikroskopie, Zentrum für Anatomie und Cytobiologie, Universität Giessen, for preparing FITC-labeled γ-globulin, and to Mr. D. Streicher, Laboratoire de Zoologie et Embryologie expérimentale, Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, for technical assistance
    Notes: Summary By means of correlative light and electron microscopy, five pancreatic islet cell categories are described in the teleost fish, Xiphophorus helleri, each of which has specific light microscopic appearance and fine structure. Different histochemical techniques have been used, including immunofluorescence with antiporcine insulin and glucagon sera. In addition to B- and A1-cells, two categories of A2-cells have been observed, both reacting with antiporcine glucagon serum: A2-cells with round granules gave a positive reaction for tryptophan; A2-cells with crystalline granules gave a negative reaction with the same staining technique on the same section. The “clear cells”, the last category, were not specifically stained by any of the staining methods carried out in this investigation. The influence of fixation on staining affinities and on ultrastructure was shown to be considerable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 181 (1977), S. 255-266 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Diabetes ; Muscle hypertrophy ; Fiber types ; Muscle metabolism ; Insulin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Previous studies have demonstrated an apparent differential response of the fiber types in mixed skeletal muscles of rats to streptozotocin diabetes. The purpose of the present study was to examine the ability of the different fiber types to hypertrophy in muscles from diabetic rats, which should further clarify the apparent differential trophic influence of insulin on the fibers. One group of rats was injected with streptozotocin to induce diabetes. The gastrocnemius muscle was then removed from one hindlimb of rats of both the diabetic and a second, normal group, resulting in compensatory growth of ipsilateral plantaris muscle. Rats were sacrificed 60 days following the surgery. Experimental muscles in normal and diabetic rats enlarged 79% and 61% over control muscles, respectively. In normal hypertrophied muscles there was an 8% increase in relative cross-sectional area composed of slow-twitch fibers, whereas in diabetic rats the slow-twitch component increased 17%. The results indicate that slow-twitch fibers in diabetic rats were capable of responding to the chronic power overloaded condition, but that the fast-twitch fibers had a reduced capacity to undergo compensatory growth. These findings support our previous observations suggesting that insulin may exert a differential trophic effect upon the muscle fiber types.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 181 (1977), S. 327-337 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Prostate ; Tissue culture ; Testosterone ; Insulin ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of the secretory epithelial cells of rat's ventral prostate has been studied following organ culture. Culturing with either testosterone or insulin alone, and with the two hormones combined, were carried out to investigate how insulin modifies the action of testosterone on the maintenance of cellular integrity. After 4 days in hormone-free culture, the secretory epithelial cells showed signs of cellular atrophy and regression, involving loss of the apical microvilli, absence of the apical secretory vacuoles, atrophy of the Golgi apparatus, decrease in rough endoplasmic reticulum and the appearance of autophagic vacuoles. The presence in the medium of either testosterone or insulin alone, or combined, prevented cellular atrophy and regression. The best maintenance of cellular integrity was obtained in a culture containing both hormones. The effects of insulin was approximately equivalent to those of testosterone in the maintenance of cellular integrity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 38
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Muscle metabolism ; exercise ; insulin ; glucose uptake ; lipolysis ; Muskelstoffwechsel ; Insulin ; Glukoseaufnahme ; Muskelkontraktion ; Basislipolyse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Am Modell der perfundierten Hinterpfote der Ratte wurde der Muskelstoffwechsel unter Ruhebedingungen und während elektrischer Reizung in Gegenwart und Abwesenheit von Insulin untersucht. Die basale Glukoseaufnahme wurde sowohl durch Muskelkontraktionen als auch durch physiologische Mengen von Insulin um den Faktor 3 gesteigert. Insulin und Muskelkontraktionen wirkten additiv auf die Glukoseaufnahme. Muskelarbeit führte zu einem 7 – 8fachen Anstieg der Lactatproduktion, unabhängig, ob Insulin dem Perfusionsmedium zugefügt war oder nicht. Die arbeitsbedingte Lactatproduktion überstieg die gleichzeitige Glukoseaufnahme und korrespondierte mit einem signifikanten Abfall des Muskelglykogen-Gehaltes. Muskelkontraktionen führten zu einer gesteigerten Lipolyse. In Ruhe hatten weder Corticosteron noch Thysoxin einen Einfluß auf die Lipolyse. Zugabe von Serum zum Perfusionsmedium bewirkte dagegen eine um den Faktor 2 gesteigerte Lipolyse, gemessen an der Gycerinproduktion. Aus den Ergebnissen wird geschlossen, daß die Glykogenolyse über das Phosphorylasesystem durch kurzdauernde Muskelkontraktionen alleine prompt zu stimulieren ist, die Lipolyse dagegen nicht.
    Notes: Summary The influence of insulin on muscle metabolism at rest and during electrically stimulated exercise was examined in the perfused rat hind limb. Basal glucose uptake of muscle tissue was enhanced threefold both by muscle contraction an by addition of physiological amounts of insulin. A further increase in glucose uptake was seen, when muscle was exercised in the presence of insulin. Lactate production rose 7 – 8fold by contractions. Insulin had no additional effect on lactate production during exercise. The work-induced lactate output exceeded glucose uptake, corresponding to a significantly reduced glycogen content after exercise. Basal lipolysis was not stimulated by muscle contractions. At rest the addition of both corticosterone and thyroxine did not increase the basal lipolysis. Yet, glycerol release rose twofold by the addition of serum to the perfusion medium. It is assumed that in the perfused rat hind limb glycogenolysis will promptly be stimulated by muscle contractions, whereas lipolysis can not be enhanced by exercise alone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 39
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Prostatic lobes ; Seminal vesicles ; Morphology ; Oestradiol ; Insulin ; Castrated rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The growth of the ventral and dorsolateral prostate, the coagulating glands and the seminal vesicles was studied morphologically in castrated rats following 21 daily injections of oestradiol benzoate or protamine zinc insulin alone or in combination. Oestradiol benzoate was given in daily doses of 0.010 mg, protamine zinc insulin in daily doses of 10 IU. In the ventral and dorsolateral prostate oestradiol had an androgen-like action inducing epithelial growth and secretory activity in the epithelium. In the seminal vesicles and coagulating glands oestradiol induced an increased fibromuscular growth. Protamine zinc insulin induced growth and secretory activity in the dorsolateral prostate, while no such effect was observed in the other accessory reproductive glands. Protamine zinc insulin accentuated the androgen-like action of oestradiol benzoate on the epithelium of the dorsolateral prostate but did not influence on the increased fibromusular growth seen after oestradiol in the coagulating glands and the seminal vesicles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 12 (1976), S. 313-317 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; insulin resistance ; blood glucose ; epidemiology ; diabetes mellitus ; child
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a study of risk factors for cardiovascular disease in 2388 school children aged 9–12 years carried out in Westland, Holland, serum insulin levels at one hour after an oral challenge of 50 g glucose were measured in a systematically selected subsample of 715 children. The distribution and associations of serum insulin in these children are described. The mean insulin values were 24.6 μU/ml for boys and 32.0 μU/ml for girls. The difference between these means was statistically significant and remained so even after taking measures of adiposity into account. Insulin values were positively related to levels of plasma sugar and systolic blood pressure in both sexes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 41
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 12 (1976), S. 429-436 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; glucagon ; glycogen ; blood glucose ; progesterone ; fetus ; neonate ; placenta ; postmaturity ; neonatal hypoglycemia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Prolonged gestation (2 extra days in utero) was obtained by daily subcutaneous injection of progesterone (2.5 mg) to pregnant rats from day 20.5 post coïtum (p. c.) through day 22.5 p. c. after reduction of the litter to 6 fetuses on day 14.5 p. c. Exogenous progesterone per se or litter reduction were without effect on fetal pancreas or fetal liver. Plasma insulin, insulin and glucagon in the pancreas, and liver glycogen stores have been systematically measured in postmature animals and in controls during the perinatal period. In 23.5 day-old postmature as compared to 21.5 day-old normal fetuses, the intrauterine mortality was increased (26%), the body weight was increased by 30%, the liver weight was decreased by 20%, the glycogen content of liver was dramatically depleted (1.1±0.2mg/g body weight on day 23.5 p.c. against 6.7±0.3 on day 21.5 p.c), the plasma insulin was lowered by 63% and the blood glucose level was normal. In postmature neonates during the first day of life the mortality rate was considerable (40%) and a dramatic fall of blood glucose was observed 6 hours after birth. The accumulation of insulin and glucagon in the pancreas, which normally occurs in the two first days after birth, was much lower in the postmature fetuses: in 23.5 day-old fetuses as compared to 2 day-old normal newborns of the same gestational age the insulin content was only 50% and the glucagon content 69%. The deficit of insulin accumulation in the postmature pancreas lasted at least five days. The ability of the endocrine pancreas to recover from this alteration was well shown by the lack of diabetes when the animals were examined three weeks later by a glucose tolerance test. These findings suggest that the drop of plasma insulin is a prime factor in causing the lack of glycogen stores in prolonged fetuses and the impairment of glycogen stores appears to be an important feature of postmaturity, since neonates exhibit, in these conditions, a lethal drop of blood glucose as glycogenolysis operates on very low glycogen stores.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 42
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 12 (1976), S. 83-100 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; glucagon ; polypeptide hormones ; receptors ; plasma membrane ; isolated liver cells ; isolated fat cells ; liver membranes ; fat cell membranes ; cardiac membranes ; adenylate cyclase ; monoiodoinsulin ; monoiodoglucagon ; 125I-insulin binding ; 125I-glucagon binding ; radioreceptorassay ; structure-function relationships ; modified insulins ; obese hyperglycémic (ob/ob) mouse ; obesity ; receptor defect ; insulin resistance ; insulin-dextran-ferritin ; visualization of binding sites
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 43
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 12 (1976), S. 145-148 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; secretin ; intraduodenal acid ; enteroinsular axis ; vagus ; pancreas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunoreactive secretin (IRS) and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) levels were measured in humans and dogs following the intraduodenal instillation of hydrochloric acid. IRS levels rose after acid in both instances, but a concomitant rise in peripheral IRI levels was not noted. Premedication of the humans with Scopolamine prevented a rise of IRS in the human subjects. It is concluded that the endogenous release of IRS alone does not result in increased IRI levels in peripheral blood and that IRS release may be under vagal control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 293 (1976), S. 97-99 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Insulin ; Sulfonylureas ; Circular dichroism ; Conformation change
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The interaction of 5 sulfonylurea derivatives with insulin was investigated by means of circular dichroism measurements. It was found that all sulfonylureas investigated decrease the ellipticity band of insulin at 208 nm, whereas the band at 222 nm remains unaffected. It is suggested that these observations are due to a change of the insulin conformation, provoked by the interaction of the drugs with insulin. It is assumed that such an effect on the insulin conformation can influence the binding properties of insulin, e.g. in respect to the insulin aggregation, to the binding to insulin antibodies and to a bound, inactive form of insulin in the plasma. Some other drugs have similar, but mostly smaller effects on the CD spectrum of insulin. Therefore, the importance of these observations for the hypoglycaemic action of the sulfonylureas is not yet clear.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 50 (1976), S. 205-210 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Depression ; Imipramine ; Chlorpromazine ; Psychological tests ; Psychopharmacology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Several types of drugs reportedly have been useful in treating depressions, but the specific effects of these drugs on functioning remain unclear. Fortynine hospitalized depressed patients were randomly assigned on a double-blind basis to an imipramine, chlorpromazine or placebo group. Psychological test performance was compared after 3 weeks of in-hospital drug treatment. Neither drug produced impairment on most measures of intellectual functioning. The results suggest imipramine may impair ability to assimilate and retain information, and that chlorpromazine may impair sustained attention. The differential effects were discussed in relation to symptoms, and to hypotheses about the relationship between arousal and chlorpromazine and between retardation and imipramine in the treatment of depression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 46
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) ; Psychometrics ; Psychopharmacology ; Subjective drug effects questionnaire
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Three dose levels, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mg/kg, ofΔ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and a placebo were orally administered to 10 frequent and 10 occasional marijuana users. Following ingestion of each dose and the placebo, objective tests selected from a battery of sensory and perceptual motor tests routinely used to evaluate cerebral dysfunction in hospitalized patients were administered. The influence ofΔ 9-THC on proficiency and variability of performance was minimal. However, when individual test scores and variabilities were combined and converted to standard scores, allowing for analysis of overall performance, THC had a small but consistent detrimental effect on both proficiency and variability of performance. In contrast, THC exerted profound effects on the subjective experiences of the volunteers as assessed by the Subjective Drug Effects Questionnaire. Subjective changes in mood, feeling, perception and somatic sensations were reported by all subjects but were more pronounced in the occasional user group. It was proposed that the small impairment noted in objective test performance after ingestion ofΔ 9-THC as contrasted to the large effects on subjective responses suggests that the principal effects of marijuana are on the autonomic nervous system rather than on higher cortical functions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 47
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Frog skin epithelium ; Toad colon mucosa ; Collagenase treatment ; Insulin ; Sodium transport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Amphibian epithelia specialized in transcellular sodium transport lose their capacity to react to insulin by a stimulation of this process upon treatment with collagenase; baseline activity and responsiveness to other hormones (vasopressin, aldosterone) bringing about such a stimulation are preserved. This renders it likely that proteases contaminating most collagenase preparations exert a detrimental effect on the receptors held responsible for interaction between insulin and its target cells in the tissues examined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 48
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 36 (1976), S. 267-276 
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Circadian rhythm of HMG-CoA reductase and cholesterol-7α-hydroxylase ; Influences of starvation ; of cholesterol ; Bile acid and cholestyramine feeding ; Thyroxin ; Insulin ; Hypophysectomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Circadianrhythmus von HMG-CoA Reduktase und Cholesterin-7α-hydroxylase (niedrige Werte am Tage, ansteigende in der Nacht mit Maximum um 24.00 Uhr) wird unter verschiedenen Bedingungen an Ratten untersucht. Intragastrale Applikation von Cholestyramine (Bindung von Gallensäuren im Darm) führt zu erhöhten Enzymaktivitäten unter Vergrößerung des Rhythmus'. Cholsäure-Fütterung hemmt beide Enzymaktivitäten (Cholesterin-Zufuhr hemmt die HMG-CoA Reduktase). Im Hungerzustand entwickelt sich nach 24 Std ein gedämpfter Rhythmus bei beiden Enzymen. Eine 20%ige Fett-Diät (vorwiegend gesättigte Fettsäuren) senkt die Enzymaktivität durch Reduzierung der Maximalwerte bei nahezu unveränderten Niedrigwerten. Die nach Thyreoidektomie erniedrigten Enzymaktivitäten können durch Hormonsubstitution normalisiert werden. Experimentell erhöhte Hormonspiegel bleiben ohne Effekt. Insulinbehandlung des Normaltieres hemmt die Cholesterin-7α-hydroxylase, beeinflußt die HMG-CoA Reduktase nicht. Im diabolischen Tier zeigt sich umgekehrt eine erhöhte Cholesterin-7α-hydroxylase und eine gehemmte HMG-CoA Reduktase Aktivität. Insulinbehandlung dieser Tiere normalisiert die HMG-CoA Reduktase, während die Cholesterin-7α-hydroxylase gehemmt wird. Die geschwindigkeitsbestimmenden Enzyme des Cholesterin-Stoffwechsels werden peripher reguliert durch ihre Produkte im Sinne einer negativen feedback-Koppelung. Im Gegensatz dazu können Hormone gleich und gegensinnige Effekte auf die beiden Enzyme ausüben und so Mittel einer übergeordneten Steuerung darstellen. Alle besprochenen Regulationsmöglichkeiten wirken modifizierend auf den Circadianrhythmus mit Ausnahme der Hypophysektomie. Nach Entfernen der Hypophyse ist der Circadianrhythmus nicht mehr nachweisbar. Um gültige Aussagen über biochemische oder pharmakologische Wirkungen auf diese Enzyme machen zu können, muß der circadiane Rhythmus durch Messungen zu mehreren Tageszeiten berücksichtigt werden (Beispiel Fett-Diät); denn nur die Fläche aus Enzymaktivität und Tageszeit ist proportional dem Umsatz einer Substanz.
    Notes: Abstract The circadian rhythms of HMG-CoA reductase and cholesterol-7α-hydroxylase (low values during light, rising in the evening with maximum at 12.00 p.m.) are investigated in rats under diverse conditions. Intragastral administration of cholestyramine (bile acid-absorbing resin) leads to an increased rhythm of both enzymes. Feeding of cholic acid (or cholesterol) reduces the activity of both enzymes (of HMG-CoA reductase and cholesterol — 7α-hydroxylase, respectively). In starved rats enzyme activities are lowered, too; a damped rhythm reappears after 24 h. A 20% fat diet (containing saturated fatty acids predominantly) markedly reduces the high values. Enzyme activities inhibited after thyroidectomy can be normalized by thyroxin substitution. Thyroxin administration in the normal remains without effect. Four-day insulin treatment of the normal inhibits cholesterol-7α-hydroxylase, has no effect on HMG-CoA reductase. In the untreated diabetic rat cholesterol-7α-hydroxylase is increased, HMG-CoA reductase significantly inhibited. Insulin treatment of the diabetic animal results in normalized values of HMG-CoA reductase whilst cholesterol-7α-hydroxylase is nearly completely suppressed. The rate-limiting enzymes of cholesterol turnover are peripherally regulated by their products via a negative feedback. In contrast, hormones may have synergistic or opposite effects; thus they may represent means of higher regulation. All regulative possibilities discussed (except hypophysectomy) do modify the circadian rhythms. This cannot be demonstrated after hypophysectomy. After hypophysectomy circadian rhythms are not detectable any more. To get valid data about biochemical or pharmacological effects on these enzymes the circadian variations have to be considered by measuring at different times of day (e.g. fat diet); for only the area of enzyme activity and time of day is proportional to the metabolism of a substrate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 49
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 54 (1976), S. 1137-1141 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Platelet Function ; Platelet Metabolism ; Insulin ; Glucose ; Plättchenfunktion ; Plättchenstoffwechsel ; Insulin ; Glukose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Wirkung von Insulin, Glukose, Xylose, Galaktose, Fruktose und Sorbitol auf den Plättchenaggregationstest nach Breddin, die ADP- bzw. Kollagen-induzierte Aggregation und Plättchenfaktor-4-Freisetzung sowie auf die Retraktion wurde in vitro untersucht. Die gemeinsame Inkubation plättchenreichen Plasmas mit Insulin und Glukose zeigt einen ausgeprägten Hemmeffekt auf die durch ADP oder Kollagen ausgelöste Plättchenaggregation und Freisetzungsreaktion. Insulin und Glukose allein hatten nur in höheren Konzentrationen einen Einfluß auf die Plättchenfunktion, der das Ausmaß einer Kombination nicht erreichte. Fruktose, Xylose und Sorbitol wiesen keine wesentlichen Hemmeffekte auf. Der Retraktionsgrad zeigte im Gegensatz zur verhinderten Aggregation eine Verbesserung. Ein Crabtree-Effekt wird als ursächlicher Mechanismus für die gehemmte Plättchenfunktion diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary In vitro investigations were carried out on the action of insulin, glucose, xylose, galactose, fructose and sorbitol on the platelet aggregation test according to Breddin, on the ADP- and collagen-induced aggregation and the release of platelet factor 4 as well as on the retraction. When incubating platelet-rich plasma with insulin and glucose simultaneously, a marked inhibition of the ADP- or collagen-induced platelet aggregation and release reaction results. Insulin as well as glucose impaired the platelet function only at high concentrations, this inhibition however did not reach that of a combination of both. Fructose, xylose and sorbitol exerted no significant inhibitory effects. In contrast to the prevented aggregation, the retraction was enhanced. As the causal mechanism for the inhibition of the platelet function the Crabtree effect is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 50
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Total fast ; Blood sugar ; Free fatty acids ; Ketone bodies ; Insulin ; Glucagon ; Growth hormone ; Vollständiges Fasten ; Blutzucker ; Freie Fettsäuren ; Ketonkörper ; Insulin ; Glucagon ; Wachstumshormon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 24 idealgewichtigen und 24 adipösen Personen beiderlei Geschlechts wurden zirkulierende Substrate (Blutzucker, freie Fettsäuren, Ketonkörper) und Hormone (Insulin, Wachstumshormon, Pankreasglukagon) während sechstägigem Fasten bestimmt. Der Blutzucker sank bei Normalpersonen unter Nulldiät auf tiefere Werte als bei Adipösen. Der Konzentrationsanstieg der freien Fettsäuren und Ketonkörper erfolgte bei Normalgewichtigen rascher als bei Fettsüchtigen und bei Frauen rascher als bei Männern. Das Plasmainsulin fiel bei Adipösen stärker ab als bei Normalpersonen. Alle untersuchten Gruppen wiesen nach 1–3 Fastentagen einen signifikanten Anstieg des Pankreasglukagons auf, dieser erfolgte jedoch bei normalgewichtigen Frauen rascher als bei Männern. Wachstumshormon (GH) stieg bei normalgewichtigen Männern unter Nulldiät signifikant an, bei adipösen Männern jedoch nicht. Bei z.T. auffallend hohen Nüchternwerten zeigten normalgewichtige Frauen keinen signifikanten GH-Anstieg, jedoch signifikant höhere GH-Konzentrationen als adipöse Frauen nach 1–6 Fastentagen. Ausgehend von den allen untersuchten Gruppen gemeinsamen Stoffwechselveränderungen bei Nulldiät werden die diesbezüglichen Unterschiede zwischen männlichen und weiblichen sowie zwischen normalgesichtigen und adipösen Personen diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary In 24 normal and 24 obese subjects of both sexes circulating substrates (blood sugar, free fatty acids, ketone bodies) and hormones (insulin, growth hormone, pancreatic glucagon) were determined during 6 days of total fast. In normals the blood sugar fell to lower levels than in the obese. Plasma free fatty acids and ketone concentrations rose faster in normal than in obese subjects, and faster in females than in males. Plasma insulin concentrations declined to a greater extent in obese than in normal subjects. In all groups studied a significant increase of the pancreatic glucagon level within 1–3 days of fasting was observed, however, its rise occurred faster in normal females than in males. Growth hormone (GH) rose significantly in normal males but not in obese males. Following high overnight fasting values in some normal females showed no significant increase in GH levels but significantly higher GH values than obese females after 1–6 days of fasting. After summarizing starvation-induced metabolic changes common to all study groups the respective differences found between males and females and between normal and obese subjects are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 51
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Gastric secretion ; Pentagastrin ; Insulin ; Anticholinergics ; Oxacepam ; Magensekretion ; Pentagastrin ; Insulin ; Anticholinergika ; Oxacepam
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Wirkung von Ipratropiumbromid und Propanthelinbromid per os auf die basale und auf die durch Pentagastrin und Insulin-Hypoglykämie stimulierte Magensekretion wurde im intraindividuellen Vergleich im Doppelblindverfahren untersucht. Die Dosis und die Wirkungszeit wurden variiert. Zusätzlich wurde die Anticholinergikawirkung mit der von Oxacepam auf die basale und auf die durch Pentagastrin stimulierte Magensekretion verglichen. Ipratropiumbromid hat einen stärker inhibitorischen Effekt auf die basale, Pentagastrin und Hypoglykämie stimulierte Sekretion als Propanthelinbromid. Das Wirkungsmaximum auf die basale Sekretion tritt erst nach 450 min ein, während die Wirkung auf die durch Pentagastrin stimulierte Sekretion eine kurzzeitigere ist. Die Wirkung konnte nur bei einer Anticholinergikadosis von 30 mg beobachtet werden. Oxacepam scheint eher einen steigernden Effekt auf die durch Pentagastrin stimulierte Magensekretion zu besitzen, der durch Ipratropiumbromid vollständig kompensiert werden kann. Eine Kombination Ipratropiumbromid+Oxacepam hat gegenüber Ipratropiumbromid allein keine stärkere Wirkung. Aufgrund der Ergebnisse wird ein Angriffspunkt für Anticholinergika direkt an der Belegzelle diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary The effect of orally administered ipratropiumbromide and propanthelinbromide on the basic gastric secretion as well as on the gastric secretion stimulated by pentagastrin or hypoglycemia due to application of insulin was tested intraindividually in a double blind comparative study. Drug dosage and time after the drug effect was measured varied. In addition the anticholinergic effect of ipratropiumbromide on the basic as well as on the gastric secretion stimulated by pentagastrin was compared to that of oxacepam. The inhibitory effect of ipratropiumbromide on the basic gastric secretion as well as on the secretion stimulated by pentagastrin and hypoglycemia is more pronounced than that of propanthelinbromid. The effect on the basic secretion reached its peak 450 min after drug application whereas the maximal effect on pentagastrin stimulated secretion showed earlier. The effect described was only seen with a dose of the anticholinergic drug of at least 30 mg. A combination of ipratropiumbromide+oxacepam has no effect stronger than ipratropiumbromide alone. On the contrary, it rather seems to have an augmentative effect on pentagastrin stimulated gastric secretion that may be compensated completely by ipratropiumbromide. On the basis of these results a direct influence of anticholinergic substances on the parietal cell is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 52
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 46 (1976), S. 191-196 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Chemically induced wet shake behavior ; Rats ; Benzylideneaminooxycarbonic acids ; Sgd 8473 ; Drug dependence ; Psychopharmacology ; Quasi-abstinence ; Methods
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Wet dog shake (WDS) behavior in rats, well known as morphine-withdrawal syndrome, could be elicited without concomitant symptoms for the first time chemically in nonmorphine-addicted animals. The capability to produce WDS was correlated with a specific chemical structure among the title-compounds. The threshold-dose of the most effective agents was 25–50 mg/kg, rather independent of the mode of application. Maximal responses of 10–20 WDS per min and animal were reached after application of 100–200 mg/kg. WDS behavior appeared within the first minutes after dose and lasted up to several hours. Detailed information is given on WDS-action of the substance Sgd 8473=α-[(4-chlorobenzylideneamino)-oxy]-isobutyric acid and the influence by different pharmacologic agents thereon. Inhibition of WDS was produced by: narcotic analgesics, narcotic antagonists, psychosedativ drugs, yohimbine, dl-amphetamine, cocaine, apomorphine and clonidine. Without influence on WDS were: physostigmine, atropine, ganglionic- or adrenergic-blocking drugs, Dopa, MAO-inhibitors, serotonin- and histamin-antagonists and nonnarcotic analgesics. To some extent chemically induced WDS seemed to be susceptible like precipitated WDS. So Sgd 8473 could be qualified for differentiating narcotic and nonnarcotic analgesics, for a “quasi-abstinence” agent in research of dependence mechanisms and for a tool in neuroanatomical studies of the CNS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 53
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 171 (1976), S. 535-541 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Breast ; Glucose ; Insulin ; Organ culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'auteur a réalisé des cultures à long terme de tissu mammaire normal. Les explants ont été maintenus dans un milieu synthétique de base et comparés à d'autres fragments cultivés dans un milieu enrichi. La consommation quotidienne moyenne de glucose par explant a été mesurée dans six conditions différentes. Les résultats montrent une corrélation nette entre la consommation de glucose et sa concentration initiale dans le milieu de culture. D'autre part, l'adjonction d'insuline n'affecte pas de façon significative la consommation de glucose in vitro mais influence nettement l'activité mitotique. Ces observations confirment le rôle de l'Insuline sur la synthèse d'A.D.N. bien plus que sur le métabolisme du glucose par des explants de glande mammaire humaine normale.
    Notes: Summary Normal human breast tissue explants were cultured in a synthetic basic medium with and without additives. The mean daily glucose uptake per explant was measured under six basic conditions. Our results show that glucose uptake is strongly related to the glucose concentration of the medium. On the other hand insulin does not affect significantly glucose uptake in vitro, but does enhance mitotic activity. These findings support a role for insulin in promoting D.N.A. synthesis rather than in controlling glucose metabolism of human mammary tissue in vitro.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 54
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 172 (1976), S. 447-454 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pancreas ; Horse ; Immunohistochemistry ; Insulin ; Glucagon ; Somatostatin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Equine pancreas was investigated with immunohistochemical methods to study the distribution of endocrine cells immunoreactive to antiinsulin, anti-glucagon, and anti-somatostatin. A-cells demonstrable by antiglucagon are located in the center of Langerhans islets and frequently in the duct epithelium. Few A-cells are seen associated to acini. Anti-insulin reactive B-cells form a large zone around the center of the Langerhans islets in which some B-cells lie between exocrine cells and others, although few, are located in the duct epithelium. D-cells stained with anti-somatostatin serum form a discontinuous outermost zone around the Langerhans islets. In some islets the D-cells are also observed among the B-cells or between the border of A- and B-cells. Single D-cells are seen in the duct epithelium or between acinar cells. In younger horses, endocrine cells are more frequently associated in bulges of the duct system. The histotopographic relation between these endocrine cell types is discussed with respect to its functional significance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 55
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 165 (1975), S. 61-65 
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Streptozotocin diabetes ; Miniature pig ; Insulin ; Triglycerides ; Cholesterol ; Streptozotocindiabetes ; Miniaturschwein ; Insulin ; Triglyceride ; Cholesterin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die intravenöse Applikation von 60 mg Streptozotocin/kg Körpergewicht 8 Tage nach einer Dosis von 30 mg/kg führte bei einem Hanford-Miniaturschwein zu einem Diabetes mit Insulinsekretionsstarre, Hyperglykämie, Glucosurie und erheblichem Anstieg von Triglyceriden und Cholesterin. Die Verabreichung von 40 mg Streptozotocin/kg bei einem zweiten Miniaturschwein blieb ohne Effekt.
    Notes: Summary The intravenous application of 60 mg streptozotocin/kg body weight to a Hanford miniature pig 8 days after a first dose of 30 mg/kg led to a diabetes with loss of insulin response to glucose, hyperglycaemia, glucosuria and a considerable increase of triglycerides and cholesterol. The application of 40 mg streptozotocin/kg to a second pig had no effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 56
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; glucose ; non-esterified fatty acids ; growth hormone ; diurnal variations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Insulin 0.05 μ/kg body weight was injected intravenously into 14 subjects both at 8 a.m. and 5 p.m. in random order 12 hrs after a 50 g glucose meal. Fasting glucose levels were similar in both cases but the 48%±10% fall in blood glucose in the morning was significantly greater (p〈0.001) than that of 34%±7% in the afternoon. Fasting plasma NEFA, however, varied markedly between 477±150 μEqlL in the morning and 725±195 μEqlL in the afternoon (p〈0.001) and the fall after insulin injection (64%±14%) was greater in the afternoon than in the morning (47%±15%) (p〈0.001). There was an inverse relationship between proportional glucose disappearance and proportional NEFA disappearance (p〈0.01). The calculated caloric change in the plasma, the sum of the falls in glucose and NEFA, were very similar in both morning (2.2±0.5 Cals/l) and afternoon (2.3±0.5 Cals/l), i.e., in spite of the variations of glucose and NEFA metabolism produced by insulin at different times, the nett effect, in terms of energy, was the same. Plasma growth hormone response in the afternoon was found to be enhanced compared with the morning values, although the degree of hypoglycaemia was greater in the morning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 57
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 11 (1975), S. 555-559 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; glucagon ; ketogenic ; lipolytic ; betahydroxybutyrate ; ketone ; obese ; diabetic ; free fatty acid ; diabetic ketosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The magnitude and direction of the lipolytic and ketogenic responses following exogenous glucagon administration is controversial and consideration of the possible role of endogenous insulin secretion upon these events has not been clarified. The present study examines the role of endogenous insulin secretion in modulating the net lipolytic and ketogenic activity of glucagon. Three groups characterized by different levels of endogenous insulin secretory capacity were studied. In all three groups, the responses in plasma insulin, betahydroxybutyrate, and free fatty acids were observed following bolus administration of 1.0 μg/kg glucagon. In the obese subjects with increased endogenous insulin secretion, glucagon administration resulted in a decline below basal levels of both free fatty acid and betahydroxybutyrate. In the diabetic subjects with no demonstrable endogenous insulin secretion, glucagon administration was followed by a rise in plasma free fatty acids and an exaggerated rise in plasma betahydroxybutyrate. The normal control group exhibited a response in betahydroxybutyrate midway between the obese and diabetic groups. These observations support the thesis that the magnitude of endogenous insulin secretion modulates the lipolytic and ketogenic actions of glucagon in man.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 58
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; glucagon ; receptors ; adenylate cyclase ; radioreceptorassay ; bioassay ; radioimmunoassay ; liver membranes ; fat cells ; genetically obese rat (fatty)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Insulin, proinsulin and glucagon extracted from lean rat pancreases were studied in radioimmunoassay, radioreceptorassay and bioassay systems. Extracted insulin behaved identically to a rat insulin used as a reference standard in radioimmunoassay. On the basis of its immunoreactivity, extracted insulin was slightly less potent (about 70%) than the rat standard insulin in competing with the binding of125I-insulin to rat liver membranes (radioreceptorassay) and in stimulating glucose oxidation by rat fat cells (bioassay). Extracted glucagon and a pork glucagon used as a reference standard were indistinguishable in two radioimmunoassay systems for glucagon, in competing with the binding of125I-glucagon to rat liver membranes (radioreceptorassay) and in stimulating adenylate cyclase in rat liver membranes (bioassay). Genetically obese rats (Zucker, “fatty”) were compared to their lean littermates with respect to insulin, proinsulin and glucagon extracted from their pancreases. Proinsulin represented the same proportion of total immunoreactive insulin in both types of rats. In the radioimmunoassays, the radioreceptorassays and the bioassays, insulin, proinsulin and glucagon from obese rats were indistinguishable from insulin, proinsulin and glucagon from lean rats. It is concluded that the pancreatic hormones of obese (“fatty”) rats possess the same immunoreactivity and biological potency as those of nonobese rats. This excludes the possibility that some alteration in the biological properties of pancreas insulin and/or glucagon of fatty rats could explain the metabolic abnormalities observed in this type of obesity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 59
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; islet adenoma ; monolayer culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cell cultures were established from a benign pancreatic islet adenoma. Over 200 μU/culture/day immunoreactive insulin were found in culture media. Cultures with medium 199 released insulin for about 2 months; those with medium F12K were maintained for over 7 months, and have been successfully subcultured. Increasing culture medium glucose to 326 mg per 100 ml, alone or with leucine (10 mM) or theophylline (2 mM), failed to increase insulin release above baseline. Studies in the patient prior to surgery using oral glucose, leucine, beef meal, intravenous tolbutamide, and glucagon failed to increase plasma insulin and thus were consistent with cell culture responses. Extracts of tumor tissue contained 23% proinsulin-like material; high insulin containing samples of culture medium had 5% proinsulin and less than 40 pg glucagon/ml. Aldehyde fuchsin positive granulation was sparse in both cultured cells and the original tumor. These studies demonstrate long term viability, in monolayer culture, of cells derived from this islet cell adenoma, with retention of secretory characteristics consistent with data obtained prior to removal of the adenoma from the patient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 60
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; potassium ; protein-calorie malnutrition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Early insulin release after oral glucose is absent in protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM). There is an increase of the insulin-glucose ratio at 10 and 15 min induced by potassium supplementation compared to a similar group receiving an identical diet without supplementary potassium. This suggests that impaired insulin secretion in PCM is in part due to a potassium mediated disturbance of insulin release.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 61
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 43 (1975), S. 75-80 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Psychomotor Disorder ; Nystagmus ; Psychopharmacology ; Alcohol ; Drag Therapy ; Drug Abuse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The present work deals with the effects of psychotropic drug therapy on the operation of psychomotor functions used in a clinical examination of suspected drunken drivers. 100 psychiatric mental, but otherwise healthy, patients were examined; the type of medication and the number of drugs used varied greatly. In 71 cases the mean degree of error in the clinical examination was higher, and, in several of these, markedly higher than the reference values obtained earlier on suspected drunken drivers when the blood contained very small amounts of alcohol or none at all. In 18 cases coarsely-divided nystagmus was registered in patients on psychotropes. This is an obvious sign of a marked side-effect of medication but was present more infrequently than in subjects with after ingestion of alcohol. The present results indicate that application of the clinical examination method, which was originally developed for and related to the examination of alcohol cases, to subjects on psychotropes is adequate, and it is possible with clinical examination to obtain valuable medicolegal information on the impairment of physiological functions. The present review of suspected dragged drivers examined in Helsinki in 1969–1972 also supports this view.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 62
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Schizophrenia ; Psychopharmacology ; Haloperidol ; Chlorpromazine ; Anti-Parkinsonism Drugs ; Benztropine ; Drug Interactions ; Anticholinergic Effects ; Neuroleptic Potency ; “Sedative” Neuroleptic ; “Activating” Neuroleptic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In a double-blind, cross-over study, the comparative therapeutic effects of 6-week courses of two prototypic neuroleptics — haloperidol and chlorpromazine — and the reversal of those effects with benztropine were investigated in a group of 18 schizophrenics. Periodic measurements were made for 32 dimensions of psychopathology, social participation, span of attention, sleeplessness, pulse rate and neurological side effects. The results showed that haloperidol was generally a more effective drug over the period studied. This was particularly apparent in terms of social and emotional responsiveness, communicativeness and cognitive processes. The only superiority of chlorpromazine seemed to be that patients felt less dysphoric on it than they did on haloperidol. Haloperidol also proved to be more rapid in its action. The data failed to support the clinical validity of the distinction often made between “sedative” and “activating” neuroleptics. Consistent with previous reports, benztropine had the effect of diminishing therapeutic response to both neuroleptics. However, haloperidol again proved less susceptible to this effect. The slowness and lesser therapeutic efficiency of chlorpromazine and its greater susceptibility to benztropine reversal were all considered to be due to its built-in anticholinergic properties acting in opposition to its antipsychotic activity. The low potency of chlorpromazine-like drugs was attributed to their inherent anticholinergic characteristics. It was suggested that one of the factors determining potency differences among neuroleptics may be the degree of built-in anticholinergic activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 63
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Schizophrenia ; Psychopharmacology ; Haloperidol ; Chlorpromazine ; Anti-Parkinsonism Drugs ; Trihexyphenidyl ; Drug Interactions ; Anticholinergic Effects ; Neuroleptic Potency ; “Sedative” Neuroleptics ; “Activating” Neuroleptics ; Mode of Action of Antipsychotic Drugs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The treatment process with two prototypic neuroleptics — haloperidol and chlorpromazine— and the nontherapeutic effects of trihexyphenidyl on this process were studied in carefully matched groups of ten schizophrenics each, using a “double-blind”, repeated-measure, longitudinal research design. Measurements of various aspects of psychopathology, social participation and clinical indices of arousal were made periodically and objective tests of cognition and attention were given. The two treatment groups were highly comparable in epidemiological and clinical terms and differed significantly during the baseline period in only one of the 39 parameters. Longitudinal nonparametric analyses showed that significant therapeutic changes tended to occur more quickly and involved a wider spectrum of schizophrenic phenomena with haloperidol than with chlorpromazine. Parametric analyses also indicated that at the completion of the study, haloperidol-treated patients had significant improvement in many more dimensions than the chlorpromazine-treated patients and that the changes with haloperidol were generally of greater magnitude. At the same time, chlorpromazine treatment seemed to be more susceptible to the antagonistic effects of trihexyphenidyl. No differential patterns of responses were noted for the two neuroleptics to provide any clinical validity to the distinction often made between “sedative” and “activating” neuroleptics. These data were in agreement with those from a previous comparative study which had a very different research design and a somewhat different type of schizophrenic population. The clinical and potency differences between the two neuroleptics were again explained on the basis of the fact that chlorpromazine has much stronger built-in anticholinergic properties, which may be acting in opposition to the antipsychotic activity. It was suggested that the degree of inherent anticholinergic activity may be an important determinant of potency differences among presently known neuroleptics. The possible role of cholinergic mechanisms in schizophrenia was discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 64
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Psychopharmacology ; Sleep ; Insomnia ; Flunitrazepam ; Benzodiazepine ; Skin Potential ; Heart Rate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The actions of flunitrazepam (Rohypnol®) were assessed on the sleep cycle, heart and respiratory rates and skin potential fluctuations of normal volunteers and neurotic patients with insomnia by means of all night recordings. The most conspicuous effect of flunitrazepam (2 mg p.o.) in the healthy subject's sleep cycle was an increase of the latency for the appearance of the first REM period. In the insomniacs the compound was effective in inducing and maintaining sleep. Flunitrazepam diminished heart rates during the REM phases and significantly decreased the variability indices, this effect being more prominent in the normal subjects. Skin potential fluctuations during stages 2 and REM sleep were also decreased although tolerance developed rapidly in this connection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 65
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: tolbutamide ; arginine infusion ; insulin ; glucagon ; Tolbutamid ; Glibenclamid ; Arginininfusion ; Insulin ; Glukagon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An stoffwechselgesunden männlichen Probanden wurde das Verhalten von Insulin, Glukagon und Plasmaglucose nach Gabe von Tolbutamid, Glibenclamid sowie von Arginin mit und ohne Glibenclamidzusatz kontrolliert. Die Untersuchungen ergaben, daß die sulfonylharnstoffinduzierte Hypoglykämie eine reaktive Hyperglukagonämie nach sich zieht. Die Arginininduzierte Hyperglukagonämie wird durch Sulfonylharnstoffe nicht supprimiert. Unterschiede zwischen Tolbutamid und Glibenclamid bestehen hinsichtlich des Insulin, — nicht jedoch des Glukagoninkretionsmusters.
    Notes: Summary The effects of tolbutamide, glibenclamide, arginine and arginine in combination with glibenclamide upon insulin, glucagon and glucose serum levels have been studied in healthy young men. Sulphonylurea-induced hypoglycemia is followed by a reactive hyperglucagonemia. Arginine-induced hyperglucagonemia is not suppressed by sulphonylureas. While there exists no difference between tolbutamide and glibenclamide-stimulated glucagon secretion, there is one with regard to insulin secretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 66
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Somatostatin ; Endotoxin ; Wachstumshormon ; Cortisol ; Insulin ; Blutzucker ; Leukocyten ; Somatostatin ; endotoxin ; growth hormone ; cortisol ; insulin ; blood sugar ; leukocytes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In normal man synthetic somatostatin inhibits the growth hormone response to intravenous administration of endotoxin (Piromen), but exerts no influence on cortisol plasma levels. Endotoxin-induced leukocytosis in blood is significantly reduced by somatostatin. Plasma levels of insulin and the blood sugar in man receiving endotoxin are firstly reduced in a significant manner and then increasing to normal values during somatostatin infusion.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Synthetisches Somatostatin hemmt bei gesunden männlichen Probanden den durch Endotoxin (Piromen®) hervorgerufenen Wachstumshormonanstieg im Plasma, ohne jedoch den Plasma-Kortisolspiegel zu beeinflussen. Die durch Endotoxin induzierte Leukocytose im Blut wird durch Somatostatin signifikant vermindert. Die Plasmaspiegel des Insulin sowie der Blutzucker werden zunächst signifikant reduziert; noch während der Somatostatininfusion erreichen beide Parameter den Normalbereich.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 67
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Somatostatin ; glucose tolerance ; growth hormone ; prolactin ; insulin ; gastrin ; Somatostatin ; Glucosetoleranz ; Wachstumshormon ; Prolaktin ; Insulin ; Gastrin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 4 Patienten mit aktiver Akromegalie, 2 Patienten mit einem Prolaktin-produzierenden Hypophysentumor und einer Patientin mit einem Insulinom wurde an 2 aufeinanderfolgenden Tagen ein oraler Glucosetoleranztest (OGTT) durchgeführt. Während des 2. OGTT wurden 30 min vor Beginn der Glucosebelastung 250 µg Somatostatin als Bolus injiziert, gefolgt von einer Somatostatin-Infusion (500 µg) über 2 1/2 Std. Die durch den Wachstumshormon-bzw. Prolaktin-induzierten Insulinantagonismus bedingte pathologische Glucosebelastung konnte durch Somatostatin nicht normalisiert werden; lediglich das Blutzucker-Maximum verschob sich von 1 auf 2 1/2 Std nach Glucosegabe. Die Insulin- und Wachstumshormonspiegel wurden durch Somatostatin supprimiert, die Prolaktinspiegel hingegen verhielten sich variabel. Der bei allen Patienten beobachtete glucoseinduzierte Anstieg des Serum-Gastrins wurde in 4 Fällen durch Somatostatin gehemmt. Diese Befunde zeigen, daß die pathologische Glucosetoleranz bei Insulinantagonismus im Gegensatz zu der bei Insulinmangel durch Somatostatin nicht wesentlich beeinflußt werden kann.
    Notes: Summary Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were performed for two subsequent days in 4 patients with active acromegaly, 2 patients with prolactin-producing pituitary adenomas and one insulinoma patient. Thirty minutes before the second OGTT 250 µg of somatostatin were injected intravenously as a bolus followed by a somatostatin infusion (500 µg) over 2 1/2 hours. The OGTTs were pathologic due to the hGH- and hPRL-induced insulin antagonism; they could not be normalized or improved by somatostatin. Only the peak of the blood sugar curve was shifted from one to two and a half hours after glucose administration; insulin and hGH levels were regularly suppressed after somatostatin whereas hPRL remained unchanged in most instances. Gastrin levels increased in all patients during the OGTT, the increase was suppressed in 4 patients. These findings show that the pathologic glucose tolerance due to insulin antagonism could not be improved by somatostatin in contrast to the deteriorated glucose tolerance in insulinopenic states.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 68
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Secretin (natural, synthetic) ; Insulin ; “entero-insular axis” ; Secretin (natürliches, synthetisches) ; Insulin ; „entero-insular axis“
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Wirkung von natürlichem Secretin (G.I.H.) und synthetischem Secretin (Wünsch) auf die Insulinsekretion wurde untersucht. Sowohl natürliches als auch synthetisches Secretin verursacht eine kurzzeitige uniphasische Insulinfreisetzung, die ohne Einfluß auf die Glucosekonzentration im Serum bleibt. Durch die insulinfreisetzende Wirkung von synthetischem Secretin ist erwiesen, daß die in der Literatur beschriebene Insulinfreisetzung durch natürliche Secretinpräparationen nicht auf Verunreinigung mit anderen Peptiden beruht.
    Notes: Summary The effect of natural secretin (G.I.H.) and synthetic secretin (Wünsch) on the secretion of insulin was investigated. Natural as well as synthetic secretin causes a short uniphasic release of insulin without influence on the concentration of glucose in the serum. Since the insulin releasing effect of synthetic secretin was demonstrated, it is clear, that the release of insulin by preparations of natural secretin mentioned in medical literature is not due to contamination by other peptides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 69
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 220 (1975), S. 281-288 
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Methodology ; Psychopharmacology ; Therapeutic trials ; Methodologie ; Psychopharmakologie ; Effizienzprüfung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die vorgelegte Arbeit behandelt die allgemein methodologischen Aspekte der therapeutischen Versuche in der Psychopharmakologie nach 3 Heuptpunkten: Definition der Krankheitsbegriffe, Behandlung und Heilung. Der Autor geht bei jedem Punkt auf die Hauptschwierigkeiten ein und gibt konkrete Beispiele. Zusammenfassend wird auf die Komplexität der methodologischen Probleme hingewiesen, der Autor ist jedoch der Ansicht, daß die Sicherheit für stastistische Schlußfolgerungen die Kosten eines einwandfreien experimentellen Designs mehr als ausgleicht.
    Notes: Summary The paper discusses the general methodologic aspects of therapeutic trials in psychopharmacology under three main headings: definition of the concepts of disease, treatment, and healing. In each case, the author discusses the main difficulties, and gives concrete examples. In conclusions, the complexity of the methodologie problems is stressed, but the author considers that the cost of using correct experimental designs is more than balanced by the safety of the statistical conclusions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 70
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 287 (1975), S. 85-95 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Protease Inhibitor ; Insulin ; Kidney ; Brush Border ; Lysosomes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Rats were injected with labeled Kunitz protease inhibitor and killed at various times thereafter. Radioactivity was measured in various fractions of kidney homogenates in order to study the time-dependent fixation to different cell organelles, especially the transition from the brush border to lysosome fraction. With short survival periods (up to 5 min), the renal protease inhibitor is recovered nearly completely with the brush border fraction. With longer periods, a shift towards particles with higher densities and higher β-glucuronidase activities takes place. Similar results have been achieved with insulin. Lysosomes were prepared and subfractionated following i.v. administration of the protease inhibitor or insulin. The radioactivity of the peptides was found in the lysosomal range of density. According to our present and previous results, the renal pathway of the protease inhibitor consists of 3 steps: binding to the brush border, reabsorption into micropinocytotic vesicles and phagosomes, and final enrichment in phagolysosomes with subsequent degradation. We suggest this type of transport to be representative for peptides in general.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 71
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Muscle Metabolism ; Carbohydrate Metabolism ; Hexokinase Glucose ; Insulin ; Bicycle Ergometer Work ; Muskelstoffwechsel ; Kohlenhydratstoffwechsel ; Hexokinase ; Glucose ; Insulin ; Fahrrad-Ergometerarbeit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An 6 jungen männlichen Probanden wurde der Einfluß von oraler Kohlenhydratgabe und Fahrradergometerarbeit auf die Muskel-Hexokinaseaktivität, den Blutglucosespiegel und die Seruminsulinkonzentration untersucht. Bei kontinuierlicher Verabreichung von insgesamt 150 g Glucose stieg die Hexokinaseaktivität innerhalb von 3 Std significant an. Unter Arbeit bei 155 bis 195 Watt stieg die Hexokinaseaktivität zunächst an und fiel mit zunehmender Erschöpfung wieder auf den Ausgangswert ab. Die möglichen Regulationsmechanismen werden diskutiert.
    Notes: Abstract The influence of orally administered carbohydrates and bicycle work on muscle hexokinase activity, blood glucose, and serum insulin levels were studied in 6 young men. Continuously administered glucose of a total amount of 150 g caused a significant increase in hexokinase activity within 3 hrs. Working at a load of 155 to 195 Watt led to an initial increase of hexokinase activity. At the end of the working period hexokinase activity had fallen to resting values. The possible mechanisms of action are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 72
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Amiloride ; Insulin ; Glucose Transport ; Leucine Incorporation ; Isolated Adipose Tissue ; Amilorid ; Insulin ; Glucosetransport ; Leucineinbau ; isoliertes Fettgewebe
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Die Aufnahme von Glucose ins isolierte epididymale Fettgewebe und die Bildung von 14CO2 aus [1-14C]-Glucose wurde als Maß von Transportvorgängen, die Incorporation von [1-14C]-Leucin ins Fettgewebsprotein als Maß der Proteinsynthese vor und nach Zusatz von Amilorid in vitro verwendet. 2. Amilorid setzt den Transport durch die Membran sowohl ohne als auch mit Stimulierung durch Insulin halbmaximal in 10−4 M-Konzentration herab. Aus der Kinetik des Transportes kann geschlossen werden, daß Amilorid die maximale Geschwindigkeit des gesamten Vorganges verlangsamt, ohne die Transportkonstante zu verändern. 3. Der Einbau von Leucin ins Fettgewebsprotein wird durch Amilorid in 3 · 10−4 M-Konzentration auf ein Zehntel herabgesetzt. Das Verhalten von [1-14C]-α-Aminoisobuttersäure läßt den Schluß zu, daß der Aminosäuretransport durch die Membran des Fettgewebes nicht beeinflußt wird. 4. Die Wirkungen des Amilorids am Fettgewebe entsprechen im Prinzip denjenigen des Triamterens und des 6-Aminonicotinsäureamids. Ebenso ist allen gemeinsam, daß sie den renalen Natrium- und Kaliumtransport im distalen Abschnitt des Nephrons hemmen. 5. Es ist möglich, daß ein Zusammenhang zwischen den hemmenden Wirkungen dieser Pharmaka auf den Leucin-Einbau in das Fettgewebsprotein und der Störung von Transportvorgängen durch biologische Membranen besteht.
    Notes: Summary 1. The uptake of glucose and the formation of 14CO2 from [1-14C]-glucose were used as a measure of transport processes, and the incorporation of [1-14C]-leucine into the protein of adipose tissue served as a measure of protein synthesis before and after the addition of amiloride to the isolated epididymal adipose tissue of the rat in vitro. 2. In a concentration of 10−4 M, amiloride decreases the glucose transport through tissue membranes by 50% with and without stimulation by insulin. It can be deduced from the kinetics of the transport that amiloride slows down the maximal velocity of the complete process without influencing the transport constant. 3. The incorporation of leucine into adipose tissue protein was diminished to 10% by amiloride in a concentration of 3 × 10−4 M. Experiments with [1-14C]-α-aminoisobutyric acid allow the conclusion that the amino acid transport through the membrane of the adipose tissue remains uninfluenced. 4. The effects of amiloride on the adipose tissue are similar to those of triamterene and of 6-aminonicotinamide. In addition, they all inhibit renal sodium and potassium transport in the distal part of the nephron. 5. It is possible, that there is a connection between the inhibiting effects of these drugs on the incorporation of leucine into the protein of adipose tissue and the disturbance of transport processes through biological membranes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 73
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 5 (1969), S. 195-197 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; glucagon ; adipose tissue ; lipolysis ; FFA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé A des concentrations proches de celles qui sont rencontrées dans le plasma humain, le glucagon stimule fortement la lipolyse au niveau de la graisse épididymaire du rat, étudiéein vitro. Les effets de telles concentrations de glucagon sont réduits, voire abolis par l'insuline aux concentrations de 25 et 100μU/ml. Rapprochées de l'effet insulinogénique puissant du glucagon, ces observations peuvent fournir une explication quant au caractère retardé de l'élévation du taux sanguin des acides gras libres observée après injection de glucagonin vivo.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Glucagon stimuliert in Konzentrationen, wie sie auch im menschlichen Plasma vorkommen, die Lipolyse im Ratten-Nebenhodenfettgewebein vitro stark. Die Effekte derartiger Glucagonkonzentrationen werden durch Insulin (25–100μE/ml) verringert bis aufgehoben. Unter Berücksichtigung der ausgeprägten Wirkung von Glucagon auf die Insulinfreisetzung können diese Beobachtungen eine Erklärung für die Verzögerung des Anstiegs der freien Fettsäuren im Serum liefern, die man nach Glucagoninjektionenin vivo beobachtet.
    Notes: Summary Glucagon in concentrations similar to those found in human plasma markedly stimulates lipolysis in rat adipose tissuein vitro. The effects of these “physiological” concentrations of glucagon are reduced or abolished by insulin at concentrations of 25 and 100μU/ml. Considering the marked insulinogenic effect of glucagon these observations may provide an explanation for the delayed increase of blood FFA observed after glucagon injectionin vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 74
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 5 (1969), S. 61-66 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; islets of Langerhans ; mouse ; collagenase ; glucose ; mannoheptulose ; glucagon ; adrenaline ; phentolamine ; theophylline ; tolbutamide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La libération de l'insuline pendant l'incubation des îlots de Langerhans de la souris, isolés après digestion du pancréas par la collagénase, a été étudiée, et l'influence de divers facteurs sur la vitesse de libération a été recherchée. Le glucose à 3.0 mg/ml (glucose élevé) stimulait la libération d'insuline, mais n'avait pas d'effet à 0.6 mg/ml (taux bas). Le mannoheptulose bloquait la stimulation provoquée par du glucose élevé, comme le faisait l'adrénaline. L'effet de l'adrénaline était aboli par la phentolamine, un agent bloquant alpha adrénergique. Le glucagon seul, ainsi qu'en pre'sence d'un taux de glucose bas, stimulait la libération d'insuline, mais non de façon constante avec un taux de glucose élevé. L'adrénaline abolissait la stimulation provoquée par le glucagon. La théophylline stimulait la libération lorsque le glucose était bas, mais beaucoup moins lorsque le glucose était élevé et pas du tout avec le glucagon, quelle que soit la concentration de glucose. Le tolbutamide stimulait la libération d'insuline avec une faible concentration de glucose et cet effet n'était pas inhibé par l'adrénaline. La convenance de cette préparation pour des études sur le métabolisme des cellules insulaires et sa relation avec la sécrét ion d'insuline est discutée.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Es wurde die Insulinausschüttung aus Langerhans'schen Inseln von Mäusen, die durch Kollagenase-Behandlung des Pankreas gewonnen worden waren, untersucht und der Einfluß verschiedener Faktoren auf die Freisetzungsgeschwindigkeit überprüft. Eine hohe Glucose-Konzentration von 3.0 mg/ml förderte die Insulin-Ausschüttung, während die niedrige Konzentration von 0.6 mg/ml keine Wirkung ergab. Mannoheptulose und Adrenalin blockierten die Stimulation durch die hohe Glucosekonzentration. Der AdrenalinEffekt konnte durch Phentolamin, eine alpha-Rezeptoren blockierende Substanz, wieder aufgehoben werden. Glucagon führte allein und in Gegenwart der niedrigen Glucosekonzentration zu einer verstärkten Insulininkretion: dies war jedoch bei Kombination mit der hohen Glucosekonzentration nicht konstant der Fall. Adrenalin hob die Stimulierung durch Glucagon auf. Theophyllin führte bei Gegenwart der niedrigen Glucosekonzentration zu einer gesteigerten Ausschüttung, dieser Effekt trat unter der höheren Glucosekonzentration in wesentlich geringerem Umfang und bei Zusatz von Glucagon und einer der beiden verwandten Glucosekonzentrationen überhaupt nicht auf. Bei niedriger Glucosekonzentration stimulierte Tolbutamid die Insulinfreisetzung; dieser Effekt ließ sich durch Adrenalin nicht aufheben. Die Aussagefähigkeit dieses Präparates für Untersuchungen des Inselzell-Stoffwechsels und seiner Beziehungen zur Insulininkretion wird diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary The release of insulin during incubation of mouse islets of Langerhans, isolated after digestion of the pancreas with collagenase, has been studied, and the influence of various factors on the rate of release investigated. Glucose at 3.0 mg/ml (high glucose) stimulated insulin release, but had no effect at 0.6 mg/ml (low glucose). Mannoheptulose blocked the stimulation by high glucose, as did adrenaline. The adrenaline effect was abolished by phentolamine, an alpha-adrenergic blocking agent. Glucagon alone, stimulated insulin release, and also with low glucose, but not consistently with high glucose. Adrenaline abolished the stimulation by glucagon. Theophylline stimulated release with low glucose, much less so with high glucose and not at all with glucagon at either glucose concentration. Tolbutamide stimulated release with low glucose, and this effect was not inhibited by adrenaline. The suitability of this preparation for studies of islet cell metabolism and its relationship to secretion of insulin is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 75
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 5 (1969), S. 304-308 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; bile ; rabbit ; 125I-insulin ; glucose ; galactose ; fructose ; tolbutamide ; phenformin ; liver
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé On trouve de l'insuline immunoréactive dans la bile hépatique de lapins normaux. Moins de 1% d'une dose injectée d'insuline bovine atteint la bile. Quand de l'insuline bovine 125I, seule ou liée à l'anticorps, est administrée par voie intraveineuse, seulement 40% de la radioactivité retrouvée dans la bile est précipitable avec l'acide trichloracétique et moins de 10% réagit avec le sérum anti-insuline de cobaye. Le glucose, le fructose le galactose, le tolbutamide et la phenformine provoquent tous une élévation de l'insuline dans la bile, qui atteint son maximum 40 à 50 min après l'injection. L'alloxane atténue ou abolie ces réponses.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Immunoreaktives Insulin wird in der Leber-Galle normaler Kaninchen gefunden. Weniger als 1% einer injizierten Dosis von Rinder-Insulin erreicht die Galle. Wenn man reines oder an Antikörper gebundenes 125I-Rinderinsulin intravenös verabreicht, lassen sich mit Hilfe von Trichloressigsäure nur 40% der Radioaktivität ausfällen, die in der Galle gefunden wird, und weniger als 10% reagieren mit Meerschweinchen-Anti-Insulinserum. Glucose, Fructose, Galaktose, Tolbutamide und Phenformin verursachen ein Ansteigen von Insulin in der Galle, welches ein Maximum innerhalb von 40 bis 50 Min. nach der Injektion erreicht. Alloxan vermindert oder hebt diese Effekte auf.
    Notes: Summary Immuno-reactive insulin is found in the hepatic bile of normal rabbits. Less than 1% of an injected dose of bovine insulin reached the bile. When 125I-bovine insulin alone or complexed with antibody was given intravenously, only 40% of the radioactivity recovered in the bile was precipitable with trichloracetic acid, and less than 10% reacted with guinea pig anti-insulin serum. Glucose, fructose, galactose, tolbutamide and phenformin all caused an elevation in bile insulin, which reached a maximum 40 to 50 min after the injection. Alloxan attenuated or abolished these responses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 76
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 5 (1969), S. 325-330 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; proinsulin ; blood sugar ; mice ; rats ; pancreatectomy ; nephrectomy ; hepatectomy (partial) alloxan diabetes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Chez les rats et les souris le taux du sucre sanguin est abaissé par une proinsuline obtenue à partir de l'insuline bovine (Schmidt et Arens [6]). Chez les rats alimentés et les souris à jeun, le rapport d'activité proinsuline: insuline est de 1∶4, chez les rats à jeun de 1∶2, dans le cas de dose équimolaire et en mesurant l'abaissement maximum du sucre sanguin. L'abaissement du sucre sanguin évolue de façon plus lente après proinsuline qu'après insuline. La proinsuline, incubée in vitro avec la trypsine, agit quantitativement et au point de vue temps, comme l'insuline. Chez les rats pancréatectomisés, chez les rats néphrectomisés ainsi que chez ceux hépatectomisés aux deux tiers, l'action de la proinsuline est la même que chez les animaux normaux. Les souris rendues diabétiques par l'alloxane répondent également à la proinsuline comme les souris intactes. L'action hypoglycémiante de la proinsuline se manifeste de façon retardée probablement parce que l'insuline active doit tout d'abord se former par un processus protéolytique dépendant du facteur temps. Ceci pourrait être aussi la raison pour laquelle, Rubenstein et coll. [5] signalent l'absence d'effet de la proinsuline dans le test de convulsion chez la souris.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung An Ratten und Mäusen wird der Blutzucker durch ein aus Rinderinsulin gewonnenes Proinsulin (Schmidt und Arens [6]) gesenkt. Bei gefütterten Ratten und nüchternen Mäusen ist das WirkungsVerhältnis Proinsulin: Insulin = 1∶4, bei nüchternen Ratten 1∶2, wenn äquiznolar dosiert und das Maximum der Blutzuckersenkung gewertet wird. Die Blutzuckersenkung verläuft nach Proinsulin protrahierter als nach Insulin. Proinsulin, welches in vitro mit Trypsin inkubiert wurde, wirkt quantitativ und zeitlich wie Insulin. Bei pankreatektomierten, bei nephrektomierten und bei zweidrittelhepatektomierten Ratten wirkt Proinsulin ebenso wie an Normaltieren. Auch alloxandidbetische Mäuse sprechen auf Proinsulin wie intakte Mäuse an. Die hypoglykämische Wirkung des Proinsulins tritt wahrscheinlich deshalb verzögert ein, weil das aktive Insulin in einem zeitabhängigen proteolytischen Prozeß erst entstehen muß. Dies könnte auch die Ursache für eine von Rubenstein et al. [5] zitierte, fehlende Wirkung von Proinsulin im Mäusekrampftest sein.
    Notes: Summary Proinsulin obtained from bovine insulin (Schmidt and Arens [6]) lowered the blood sugar level of rats and mice. The activity ratio proinsulin: insulin was 1∶4 in fed rats and fasted mice, and 1∶2 in fasted rats, based on an equimolar dosage and measuring the effect in terms of maximum lowering of the blood sugar value. After proinsulin the decrease of the blood sugar was more protracted than after insulin. Proinsulin which was incubated with trypsin in vitro, resembled insulin in degree and onset of action. In pancreatectomized, nephrectomized and two-thirds hepatectomized rats proinsulin acted as in normal animals. Alloxan-diabetic mice responded to proinsulin like intact mice. The reason why the onset of the hypoglycaemic action of proinsulin was delayed is probably due to the fact that the active insulin must first be produced by a time-dependent proteolytic process. This may also be the cause of the ineffectiveness of proinsulin in the mouse convulsion test which was quoted by Rubenstein et al. [5].
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 77
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; mouse tissues ; kidney fluorescence microscopy ; microscopy ; autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La localisation d'insuline marquée avec I125 ou avec de l'isothiocyanate de fluorescéine a été étudiée au moyen d'autohistoradiographie au microscope optique, au microscope électronique et au moyen de microscopie à fluorescence dans les tissus de souris à jeun et de souris alimentées normalement. L'hormone fluorescente a été trouvée dans les cellules des tubules proximaux du rein de souris à jeun seulement, tandis que l'hormone radioactive a été repérée aussi dans le rein de souris alimentées, bien qu'en quantité inférieure à celle trouvée chez les souris à jeun. Au microscope électronique la radioactivité est présente dans le rein dans la bordure en brosse, les vacuoles et les mitochondries apicales et le noyau, mais pas dans l'appareil de Golgi ou dans les lysosomes. —L'hormone radioactive est aussi présente dans les autres tissus mais sans différence quantitative entre les souris à jeun et les souris alimentées. Les auteurs concluent que le procédé de ré-absorption de l'insuline par les cellules des tubules proximaux du rein est spécifique: l'hormone n'est pas dégradée de la même façon que les autres protéines mais probablement stockée afin de contrôler les processus métaboliques relevant des organelles subcellulaires dans lesquelles elle se trouve.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Gefütterte und fastende Mäuse erhielten fluoreszierendes oder mit125J markiertes Insulin i.v. Die Lokalisation des Insulins in den Geweben wurde untersucht. Nur bei Tieren im Hungerzustand fand sich das fluoreszierende Hormon in den Nieren, während sich das radioaktive Insulin bei gefütterten und fastenden Tieren in den proximalen Tubulusschlingen der Nieren nachweisen ließ. Die fastenden Tiere schienen dabei mehr Radioaktivität aufzuweisen. Wurden die Nieren unter Verwendung von Techniken mit hohem Auflösungsvermögen untersucht, so fand sich die Radioaktivität im Bürstensaum, in den apikalen Vakuolen und Mitochondrien und dem Kern, jedoch nicht im Golgi-Apparat oder den Lysosomen. Alle anderen Gewebe enthielten Hormon-Radioaktivität, aber weder ihre Menge noch ihre Lokalisation unterschieden sich bei gefütterten und fastenden Tieren. Es wird gefolgert, daß der Prozeß der Insulinabsorption durch die Zellen der proximalen Tubulusschlingen spezifisch ist und daß das Hormon nicht in ähnlicher Weise wie andere Eiweißkörper abgebaut wird. Wahrscheinlich kommt es über eine Speicherung zu einer Steuerung der entsprechenden Stoffwechselprozesse in den subzellulären Organellen, in denen das Hormon sich befindet.
    Notes: Summary Starved and fed mice were injected intravenously with either fluorescent or125I-insulin and the localization of the hormone was investigated in various tissues. The fluorescent hormone was found in the kidney of starved animals only, whereas the radioactive hormone was found in the proximal convoluted tubule cells of the kidney of both fed and fasted animals, although the latter group appeared to contain more radioactivity than the first. With high resolution techniques the radioactivity in the kidney was found in the brush border, the apical vacuoles, the apical mitochondria and the nucleus, and never in the Golgi apparatus or the lysosomes. All other tissues contained radioactivity due to the hormone, but no difference in either the amount or the localization was found between fed an starved animals. It is concluded that the process of absorption of insulin by the cells of the proximal convoluted tubules is specific and that the hormone is not degraded in a way similar to other proteins, but is likely to be stored and to control cellular metabolic processes from its sites of localization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 78
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; 32P incorporation ; adenine nucleotides ; guanine nucleotides ; Na+K+ ATP-ase ; ouabain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le but de ces investigations a été de contribuer à la compréhension du mécanisme d'action de l'insuline, en provoquant un turn-over accru du phosphate inorganique marqué au32P, en ATP et autres mononucléotides, dans le diaphragme du rat. Pendant l'incubation du diaphragme intact de rat dans un milieu bicarbonaté de Krebs Ringer, sans addition de substrat, on n'a pas observé d'effet de l'insuline sur le contenu en adénine-nucléotides, en guanine-nucléotides, y compris le 3′5′ AMP cyclique et le 3′5′ GMP cyclique. Quand du phosphate inorganique radioactif marqué au32P était présent dans le milieu, l'insuline augmentait l'activité spécifique du phosphate inorganique intracellulaire et provoquait une incorporation accrue du32P dans l'ATP et le GTP. L'effet sur l'ADP était moins prononcé. Il a été montré que ces effets de l'insuline dépendent de la composition ionique du milieu et du transport membranaire des ions. L'augmentation due à l'insuline de l'activité spécifique du phosphate inorganique intracellulaire et du marquage accru au32P de l'ATP (et du GTP) était en grande partie inhibée par l'ouabaïne. Pendant l'incubation dans les milieux où le chlorure de sodium a été remplacé isoosmotiquement par le chlorure de potassium ou de choline, les effets de l'insuline décrits ci-dessus étaient abolis. Les résultats indiquent que le marquage accru de l'ATP (et du GTP) provoqué par l'insuline, peut être en premier lieu attribué à des phénomènes survenant au niveau de la membrane cellulaire. L'augmentation de l'activité spécifique du phosphate inorganique intracellulaire en présence d'insuline, peut s'expliquer par une captation accrue du phosphate inorganique marqué au32P, à partir du milieu. Apparemment le marquage accru au32P de l'ATP (et du GTP) est une conséquence secondaire. On suggère que cet effet de l'insuline est d'abord en rapport avec un effet sur les enzymes de la membrane, en particulier sur l'ATP-ase activée par Na+, K+ et Mg2+.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Ziel dieser Untersuchungen war es, zu einem besseren Verständnis der stimulierenden Wirkung von Insulin auf den Einbau von anorganischem32P Phosphat in ATP und andere Mononucleotide im Rattenzwerchfell beizutragen. Während der Inkubation intakter Rattenzwerchfelle in Krebs-Ringer-Bicarbonat Puffer ohne Substratzusatz konnte kein Insulineffekt auf den Gehalt an Adenonucleotiden und Guaninnucleotiden, sowie von cyclischem 3′,5′ AMP und cyclischem 3′,5′ GMP beobachtet werden. In Gegenwart von anorganischem32P Phosphat steigerte Insulin die spezifische Aktivität von intrazellulärem anorganischen Phosphat und bewirkte einen verstärkten Einbau von32P in ATP und GTP. Die Wirkung auf ADP war weniger ausgeprägt. Es konnte gezeigt werden, daß diese Insulineffekte von dem IonenGehalt des Mediums und dem Membrantransport der Ionen abhängen. Die Steigerung der spezifischen Aktivität des anorganischen Phosphates und der Markierung von ATP (und GTP) mit32P ließ sich weitgehend durch Ouabain wieder aufheben. Bei Inkubation in Pufferlösungen, die statt NaCl isoosmolare Mengen von KCl oder Cholinchlorid enthielten, waren die oben erwähnten Insulineffekte nicht mehr nachweisbar. Die Resultate sprechen dafür, daß die verstärkte Markierung von ATP (und GTP) unter Insulin in erster Linie auf Vorgängen an der Zellmembran beruht. Die erhöhte spezifische Aktivität des intrazellulären anorganischen Phosphates in Gegenwart von Insulin läßt sich durch einen verstärkten Einstrom von32P Phosphat aus dem Medium erklären. Augenscheinlich kommt es dadurch sekundär zu einer gesteigerten32P Markierung von ATP (und GTP). Wir möchten annehmen, daß dieser Insulineffekt vorwiegend über die Membranenzyme erfolgt und sich vor allem auf die Na+, K+ und Mg++ aktivierbare ATPase erstreckt.
    Notes: Summary The aim of these investigations has been to contribute to an understanding of the mechanism of action of insulin in promoting increased turn over of32P inorganic phosphate into ATP and other mononucleotides in the rat diaphragm. During incubation of the intact rat diaphragm in Krebs Ringer bicarbonate medium without addition of substrate, no effect of insulin on the content of adenine nucleotides and guanine nucleotides including cyclic 3′,5′ AMP and cyclic 3′,5′ GMP has been observed. When32P radioactive inorganic phosphate was present in the medium, insulin increased the specific activity of intracellular inorganic phosphate and promoted an increased incorporation of32P into ATP and GTP. The effect on ADP was less pronounced. It has been shown that these effects of insulin depend upon the ionic composition of the medium and on ion membrane-transport. The insulin-promoted increase of specific activity of intracellular inorganic phosphate and of increased32P labelling of ATP (and GTP) was to a great extent inhibited by ouabain. During incubation in media where sodium chloride had been iso-osmotically replaced by potassium chloride or choline chloride, the above mentioned effects by insulin were abolished. The results indicate that the increased labelling of ATP (and GTP) promoted by insulin can be primarily attributed to events occuring at the cell membrane. The increased specific activity of intracellular inorganic phosphate in the presence of insulin can be explained by increased uptake of32P inorganic phosphate from the medium. Apparently the increased32P labelling of ATP (and GTP) occur as a secondary consequence. It is suggested that this insulin effect is primarily concerned with an effect on membrane enzymes, particularly the Na+, K+, Mg2+ activated ATP-ase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 79
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 5 (1969), S. 143-145 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; galactose ; galactokinase ; deficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Chez deux adultes souffrant d'une déficience en galactokinase la charge orale de galactose a été suivie d'une hypergalactosémie prolongée sans aucune élevation de l'insuline immunoréactive plasmatique.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Orale Belastung mit Galactose führte bei zwei Erwachsenen mit Galactokinasemangel zu einer prolongierten Hypergalactosämie, aber nicht zu einem Anstieg des immunoreaktiven Insulins im Plasma.
    Notes: Summary Oral galactose loading in two galactokinase-deficient adults produced the expected high and prolonged rise of galactose in peripheral blood, but no rise of circulating immunoreactive insulin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 80
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 14 (1969), S. 18-22 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Psychopharmacology ; Animal Behaviour ; Mice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Mice were stained with pulverized charcoal and the resulting grooming behaviour observed. From 119 controls, the typical patterns indicated a late cleaning of the tail, the sacrum and the region between the ears. The following substances were tested: Imipramine, Desipramine, Trimeprimine, Amitriptyline, Nortriptyline, Chlordiazepoxide, Iproniazide, d-Amphetamine, Chlorpromazine, Haloperidol, Acetylsalicylic acid, Metronidazole. Of these Amitriptyline, Chlorpromazine, Haloperidol and Metronidazole were effective in doses less than 1/10 of LD 5.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 81
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 14 (1969), S. 62-73 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Amphetamine ; Hallucinogens ; Drug Addiction ; Psychopharmacology ; Phenylethylamines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The amphetamine analog, 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine (DOM), was studied in 18 volunteer subjects given single doses ranging from 2 to 14 mg. The former was a threshold dose, with definite psychotomimetic effects being evident from doses over 5 mg. The clinical syndrome greatly resembled that of the LSD-mescaline-psilocybin series of drugs, including its time-course. Somewhat more sedation was produced by DOM than would have been expected from the others, despite concomitant evidence of peripheral sympathetic stimulation. Just as with the other drugs, DOM increased plasma free fatty acids, decreased phosphorus and creatinine clearance, decreased circulating eosinophils and had little effect on catecholamine excretion. Performance of psychometric tests was impaired. Chlorpromazine treatment concurrently was found to attenuate the reaction. Tolerance rapidly developed when the drug was used chronically by patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 82
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 14 (1969), S. 200-210 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Psychopharmacology ; Hashish ; Cannabinoids ; Monkeys Amphetamine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. The psychopharmacological activity of Δ 1-tetrahydrocannabinol, (I); Δ 1(6)-tetrahydrocannabinol (4′ hexyl), (II); Δ 1(6)-tetrahydrocannabinol, (III); 1-ethoxyhexahydrocannabinol, (IV); 8-ethoxy-iso-hexahydrocannabinol, (V); Δ 1(6)-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid Me ester, Isomer I, (VI); Δ 1(6)-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid Me ester, Isomer II, (VII); cannabigerol, (VIII); Δ 1(6)-tetrahydrocannabinol (3′ hexyl), (IX); cannabichromene, (X); has been examined in a variety of animal species. 2. Compounds (I) and (III) caused severe motor disturbances and a stuporous state in dogs and ptosis, “tameness” and peculiar postural changes in monkeys. In the latter animal, compound (II) elicited similar effects. 3. Compounds (I) and (III) after intraperitoneal but not subcutaneous administration, suppressed the gerbil digging activity; reduced the rat conditioned avoidance response and induced a cataleptoid reaction in mice, rats and gerbils. In addition, compound (I) reduced the performance of mice on the rotating-rod. Both compounds, administered subcutaneously, induced a measurable ataxic gait in rats. 4. Amphetamine reversed the behavioural changes elicited by compounds (I) and (III) in monkeys, as well as the cataleptoid reaction in rats. 5. None of the other compounds provoked observable changes in any of the species studied. 6. It is suggested that Rhesus monkeys might serve as a suitable model for assessing the psychopharmacological activity of active cannabinoids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 83
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 14 (1969), S. 394-403 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Psychopharmacology ; Morphine ; Skin Conductance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Skin conductance changes during periods of stress induced by hypercapnia were studied during a cycle of addiction to morphine. Conductance changes were found to be dose dependent in both tolerant and non-tolerant states. The effects of morphine on skin conductance changes induced by hypercapnia were similar to those effects previously observed on changes induced by electric shock.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 84
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 15 (1969), S. 196-206 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Psychopharmacology ; Animal Behavior ; Alcohol ; Atropine ; Discrimination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two operant procedures were used for training albino rats to make differential responses on the basis of their drug or nondrug condition. In the Conflict procedure, every fifth lever press was rewarded by a food pellet in one condition (drug for half the animals, saline for the other half) and was punished by electric shock in the other condition. For 6 animals the drug condition was ethyl alcohol (1200 mg/kg of a 10% v/v solution in isotonic saline, injected i.p. 5 min before the start of the session); for 4 animals the drug condition was atropine sulfate (10 mg/kg in 1 ml/kg saline injected i.p. 30 min before the start of the session). In the Choice procedure, food reward was obtained by the first press on one of two levers at a variable time interval, averaging one minute, after the prior food reward. The rewarded lever depended on the animal's drug or saline condition (alcohol for 7 animals, atropine for 5 animals, administered as in the Conflict procedure); the same right-hand or left left-hand lever was rewarded in the drug condition for half the animals and in the saline condition for the other half. The response associated with 1200 mg/kg alcohol was generally elicited in tests with sufficiently high doses of pentobarbital sodium (10–20 mg/kg), chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride (10–15 mg/kg) and chloral hydrate (90–120 mg/kg, administered orally). Lower doses of these compounds, and of alcohol, were perceived as less similar to the alcohol and therefore more similar to the saline condition. Substantial doses of chlorpromazine hydrochloride (2 mg/kg) and d-amphetamine sulfate (1 mg/kg) also were perceived as similar to the saline condition. The response associated with a centrally acting anticholinergic (10 mg/kg atropine) was generally elicited in tests with several doses of scopolamine hydrobromide (0.06 to 1.0 mg/kg) and of atropine (2.5–5.0 mg/kg). The saline response was elicited by a lower dose of scopolamine (0.03 mg/kg) and by a peripherally-acting anticholinergic, atropine methyl bromide, at a dose (5 mg/kg) equimolar with 10 mg/kg atropine sulfate. The same results, including closely similar ED50 doses, were generally found with the Conflict and Choice procedures, despite the differences between them in the motivational basis for the differential drug and nondrug responses. The similarities and dissimilarities among these compounds in perceived stimulus characteristics also correspond closely with those reported by Overton (1966) with a locomotor shock-escape procedure in tests which were generally limited to a single high dose of each drug.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 85
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 15 (1969), S. 245-254 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Aggression ; Lithium ; Psychopharmacology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The influence of lithium on aggressive behavior was studied in Siamese fighting fish, mice and golden hamsters. The fish stopped fighting when exposed to concentrations of 10 to 30 meq/l LiCl in the surrounding water. Also in mice and hamsters which ingested LiCl with the drinking fluid lithium abolished intraspecific aggression. Measurements of plasma and brain lithium levels revealed astonishing individual differences in the concentrations which were necessary for the antiaggressive effect. In all species normal aggressive behavior reappeared after lithium treatment was discontinued.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 86
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Psychopharmacology ; Antidepressants ; Reserpine Emesis ; Apomorphine Pecking
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Seven psychic energizers have been quantitatively evaluated for their antidepressant and tranquillizing activity using antagonism of reserpine induced emesis and apomorphine induced pecking in pigeons as test procedures for the two activities respectively. Pheniprazine and deanol possess anti-reserpine activity only whereas imipramine, desmethylimipramine, amitriptyline, opipramol and orphenadrine possess both anti-reserpine as well as anti-apomorphine activity. It is suggested that the two tests form a simple and reliable combination for evaluating potential antidepressants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 87
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 15 (1969), S. 425-429 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Psychopharmacology ; Methysergide ; Mania ; Lithium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Six manic patients were studied in an open sequential drug trial of placebo and the serotonin antagonist methysergide; lithium was then substituted double-blind. No dramatic change occurred in individual manic item scores or in mean daily mania ratings after 48 hours or seven days of methysergide, although several of the patients showed slight trends toward improvement. However, after a mean duration of 10.3 days of lithium treatment, all manic item scores improved dramatically and significantly, so that complete clinical remission was evident in all patients. In view of the discrepancy between these essentially negative findings and several recent positive reports on the efficacy of methysergide in the treatment of mania, the authors feel that the indolealkylamine hypothesis of affective disorders should be further investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 88
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 15 (1969), S. 109-115 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Psychopharmacology ; Hallucinogens ; Drug Effects ; Behavior Exploratory ; Monkeys
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of Psilocybin on the behavior of the baboon Papiopapio has been studied. Animal watchfulness, as estimated from the E.E.G., is enhanced within the first five minutes after injection and then is not further modified. Psilocybin induces a decrease of spontaneous motility. Conversely, the frequency of eye movements is considerably increased. This pattern might be explained by alterations of visual perception.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 89
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 15 (1969), S. 134-143 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Psychopharmacology ; Anti-Anxiety ; Controlled Trial ; Doxepin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Six patients with persistent anxiety symptoms were used in a preliminary assessment of a new anti-anxiety compound-Doxepin (Sinequan) with placebo. The factorial design is discussed as a potentially useful way of conducting a first-stage test of anti-anxiety compounds. Analysis of the results showed that Doxepin at 25 mg t.d.s. and 50 mg t.d.s. was associated with improvement in the patient's self ratings of anxiety symptoms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 90
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 14 (1969), S. 142-149 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Psychopharmacology ; Amphetamine ; Cholinergics ; Drug Interactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Amphetamine was administered to a group of rats trained on a nondiscriminated avoidance procedure. An intraperitoneal dose of 2.0 mg/kg caused about a 75% increase in response rate for the three-hour session. Doses of atropine, Tremorine, eserine, and 4-(1-naphthylvinyl)-pyridine (NVP), an inhibitor of the enzyme choline acetylase, which were ineffective in themselves, markedly affected the increase in rate observed after amphetamine. The quarternary amine of NVP was without effect on the amphetamine response. Those agents that decreased cholinergic function, either by blocking the effect of acetylcholine or by preventing its synthesis, augmented the stimulating effect of amphetamine. Cholinergic stimulants, on the other hand, significantly antagonized the behavioral effects of amphetamine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 91
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 14 (1969), S. 417-425 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Psychopharmacology ; Psychoses ; Reflex, Abnormal ; Chlorpromazine ; Trifluopromazine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary According to our results in 117 subjects, recently taken medications, age and sex must be considered when duration of the Achilles-tendon reflex is used as a clinical test to assess thyroid status. Males have a shorter ATR than females. In older subjects the ATR lasts longer than in those below age 27. Fifty-two psychiatric patients before medication did not differ in ATR duration from 65 controls. However, after 28 patients took chlorpromazine and 24 received trifluoperazine, ATR was prolonged in the chlorpromazine group and shortened in the trifluoperazine group. Neither chlorpromazine concentrate, 1,800 mg, nor trifluoperazine concentrate, 180 mg, given during the first six days, affected ATR, but an additional 6,000 mg of chlorpromazine, or an additional 420 mg of trifluoperazine over the next six days, did significantly alter ATR-duration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 92
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Psychopharmacology ; Doxepin ; Diazepam ; Anti-Anxiety ; Antidepressant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Doxepin and diazepam were evaluated for therapeutic effectiveness in a double blind study carried out with 69 primarily anxious neurotic outpatients attending either a municipal hospital clinic or a general practitioner's office. Doxepin produced more clinical improvement than diazepam in several questionnaire clusters measuring depressive symptomatology, but not in clusters measuring anxious symptomatology. According to several outcome criteria, doxepin tended to produce more clinical improvement in general practice than in clinic patients, while diazepam produced either equal improvement in both populations or slightly more improvement in the clinic. Possibly contributing to the present results are low daily dosage of diazepam, differential pharmacological drug effects, population differences in levels of anxiety and depression, and differences in population characteristics, primarily as related to social class.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 93
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Nicotine ; Antimuscarinic Drugs ; Ganglion-Blocking Drugs ; Operant Conditioning ; Psychopharmacology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of nicotine on bar-pressing behaviour in the rat are blocked by mecamylamine. The depressant phase of the effect is blocked by atropine, supporting the conclusion that this depression is mediated by released acetylcholine. The quaternary compounds chlorisondamine and atropine methylnitrate also antagonise the behavioural effects of nicotine but the doses required for this are far in excess of those which are effective peripherally, suggesting that the sites of interaction are central.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 15 (1969), S. 351-360 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Nicotine ; Conditioned Stimulus ; Discrimination Learning ; Psychopharmacology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Rats were trained to respond for water rewards on different bars in a Skinner box depending on whether they had previously been injected with nicotine or with saline. No other drug tested could consistently elicit responses on the “nicotine correct” bar. Pre-treatment with mecamylamine abolished the rats' ability to distinguish between nicotine and saline but pretreatment with chlorisondamine did not.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 95
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Toad Bladder ; Sodium Transport Pool ; Aldosterone ; Insulin ; Vasopressin ; Krötenblase ; Natrium-Transport-Pool ; Aldosteron ; Insulin ; Vasopressin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The size of toad bladder sodium transport pool, defined as that amount of sodium of apical origin and recovered in tissue at equilibrium, was compared with sodium transport rate, derived from short-circuit current read immediately before tissue analysis. Provided certain precautions be taken, the relationship between both variables can be described by a curve starting at the intersect ofX (pool, in μEq) andY (transport, in μEq/hr) axes, with a tendency forX to increase faster thanY. Assuming sodium transport pool forms one compartment, its calculated half-life averages 2–3 min. sodium transport pool measurements are thought to shed light on mechanism of sodium transport by toad bladder because pool size was large with respect to transport rate when tissue was exposed to several inhibitors of sodium transport. Conversely, upon stimulation of activity of (substrate — depleted) preparations by glucose, a relative reduction of pool size was observed. Aldosterone, vasopressin (and adenosine 3′,5′-phosphate) increased sodium pool size and transport rate, proportionately; insulin stimulated sodium transport more than it increased pool size. Thus, insulin presumably exerts its effect at the sodium “pump” while such a site of action need not be postulated for aldosterone and vasopressin: these 2 hormones would instead induce, permeability changes faciliting sodium movement at the apical border of toad bladder epithelial cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 96
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Lysergic Acid Diethylamide or LSD ; Methylphenidate or Ritalin ; Chlordiazepoxide or Librium ; Psychopharmacology ; Alcoholism and Drug Therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Through the retrospective use of the 156 item DWM Card Sort, the experiences from a single intravenous dose of 200 mcg of LSD, 75 mg of methylphenidate (Ritalin) and 75 mg of chlordiazepoxide (Librium) were compared in a population of 99 chronic male alcoholics treated in an “LSD setting” in a double-blind study. Surprisingly, 96 of the 156 items proved significantly different among the 3 groups. LSD was unique in producing Sensory and Perceptual Distortions (including Hallucinations or Illusions), and Mystical, Religious or Paranormal Sensations. However, contrary to expectation, LSD did not uniquely produce the traditional “therapeutic” experience, but appeared to be surpassed in that area by methylphenidate. Both drugs also produced some anxiety, while chlordiazepoxide produced relaxation, and enhanced music appreciation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 14 (1969), S. 248-254 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Amphetamine ; Appetite Depressants ; Psychopharmacology ; Sympathomimetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A method is described with which it is possible to measure locomotor activity and food intake simultaneously in the same rat or other small animal. From a study of a number of psychomotorstimulant drugs and anorectic agents it may be concluded that locomotorstimulation and appetite-suppression are two different effects that may or may not characterize the same drug. Methamphetamine and phenmetrazine are stimulants in doses that do not inhibit food intake. Amphepramon reduced food intake in low doses but acts as a stimulant in higher doses. Chlorphemternine and phenfluramine are anorectic agents that are not stimulants, even in high doses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 15 (1969), S. 1-8 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Cannabis (Marihuana) ; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide ; Hallucinogens (Psychopharmacology) ; Visual Perception ; Psychopharmacology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Four pigeons were trained on a visual discrimination task which required conditional responding along the independent dimensions of form and color. High doses of Cannabis sativa (marihuana) extract and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), which were equated on the basis of their effectiveness in suppressing responding, increased responding on a color dimension but not on a form dimension. High doses of LSD produced a decrement in discrimination performance while comparable doses of Cannabis did not effect accuracy. Treatment with Bromolysergic acid diethylamide, saline, and pentobarbital did not produce significant changes in performance. Results are discussed in terms of a break-down in stimulus control and central hallucinogenic activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 15 (1969), S. 19-27 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Psychopharmacology ; Animal Behavior ; Nicotine-Physical Performance ; Motivation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In sessions of ten runs each, swimming time of rats through a 4 m long water alley was measured. Four doses of nicotine (0.05; 0.1; 0.2; 0.4 mg/kg given intraperitoneally 30 minutes before testing) were tested in sessions with a braking load on the tails of the animals either in all 10 runs of a session, or in every second run, or in none of the 10 runs. Regardless of the swimming condition, nicotine produced a considerable, and at doses of 0.1 mg/kg and over, significant decrease of performance in the first two runs. From the third to the 10th run, the changes caused by nicotine were smaller and differed depending on the swimming conditions. A dose of 0.1 mg nicotine/kg improved performance in the “without-load-sessions” and the “without-load-runs” of the alternating sessions, while both 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg improved performance of the “with-load-runs” of the alternating sessions. Performance in the “without-load-sessions” and the “without-load-runs” was depressed by 0.4 mg/kg and that in the “with-load-sessions” by 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 15 (1969), S. 28-38 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Drugs ; Sleep ; Electroencephalography ; Psychophysiology ; Psychopharmacology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sleep physiological patterns were examined following a single oral dose (500 mg) of the hypnotic drug alpha chloralose. The drug increased SW sleep and decreased REM sleep without affecting total sleep time or the amount of stage 2. These changes were accompanied by a shift to slower frequencies and greater EEG synchrony, as well as a decrease in the number of spontaneous arousals in all stages of sleep, and throughout the night of medication. Except for a slight decrease in eye movement density, the drug had no systematic effects on phasic phenomena such as electrodermal or cardio-respiratory fluctuations, nor was there a systematic change in basal heart and breathing rates. On the night following medication a “rebound” increase in percent stage REM was associated with a sharp decrease in SW sleep, and increases in spontaneous arousals and waking time. Such findings suggest that sleep stages are controlled by homeostatic mechanisms whose function is to maintain equilibrium. A comparison of the effects of alpha chloralose with those of the barbiturate secobarbital revealed some striking differences. Although both alpha chloralose and the barbiturate reduced the amount of stage REM and the frequency of brief arousals, the latter compound enhanced EEG fast activity and desynchrony, and suppressed such phasic phenomena as rapid eye movements during stage REM, sigma spindles in stage 2, nonspecific electrodermal responses during SW sleep and cardio-respiratory variability in all sleep stages. For secobarbital, the decrease in percent stage REM was compensated by an increase in stage 2 rather than SW sleep. Several studies in the cat suggest that in subanesthetic doses, alpha chloralose acts primarily on cortical inhibitory processes, causing release of the reticular activating system from inhibitory influences. The results of this study show that moderate doses in man probably act on both cortical and subcortical systems involved in the mediation of SW sleep, REM sleep and arousal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...