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  • 1995-1999  (64)
  • 1998  (64)
  • Computed tomography
  • Nuclear reactions
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 27 (1998), S. 161-163 
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Parosteal osteoma ; Iliac bone ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Partial regression
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  A 33-year-old patient with a 2-year history of intermittent pain in the right gluteal region and thigh presented with a large sclerotic lesion of the iliac bone. From the findings on radiography, scintigraphy, CT and MRI, a giant parosteal osteoma was suspected. The histological examination confirmed the diagnosis. Since the lesion was extensive it was observed with periodic follow-up examinations. At present, 5 years after the diagnosis, the patient is asymptomatic and imaging studies show that the lesion persists with reduction of sclerosis and size. The tumor was on the surface as well as intramedullary – only one other case with such a distribution is known to us – and it was also in the iliac bone.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 38 (1998), S. 637-644 
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Schlagwort(e): Schlüsselwörter Notfalldiagnostik ; Polytrauma ; Schockraum ; Computertomographie ; Key words Emergency ; Multiple trauma ; Trauma emergency room ; Computed tomography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary The management of multiple trauma patients has improved recently. Surgeons’ education, preclinical rescue structures, initial clinical survey and therapeutic strategies, as well as diagnostic imaging, have progressed. Plain film imaging is increasingly being abandoned in favor of CT. Fast imaging techniques (spiral CT) have led to the inclusion of CT in the primary survey. To minimize the risk to the patient during prolonged diagnostic time, algorithms have to be defined concerning structures, emergency room equipment and quality. Basics, state of the art and suggestions concerning management of multiple trauma patients are presented and discussed from the radiologist’s point of view.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Das Management schwerverletzter Patienten hat in den letzten Jahren viele Verbesserungen erfahren. Neben Ausbildungsspezialisierungen (Unfallchirurgie), präklinischen Strukturveränderungen (Notarzt- und Rettungswesen), frühklinischen Ablaufoptimierungen (Handlungsleitlinien) und Änderung klinischer Behandlungsstrategien (konservativ/operativ/interventionell) ist auch die initiale bildgebende Diagnostik bei polytraumatisierten Patienten im Wandel. Die bislang im Vordergrund stehende konventionelle Röntgendiagnostik tritt im Verhältnis zu der modernen Schnittbilddiagnostik (insbesondere CT) zunehmend in den Hintergrund. Vor allem seit Einführung der Spiral-CT-Technik ist auch in Deutschland die Tendenz zu ausgedehnter, primärer CT-Diagnostik zu verfolgen. Um Gefährdungen des kritischen Patientenguts zu minimieren müssen aber sowohl strukturelle, räumliche als auch qualitative Voraussetzungen als Standard definiert werden. Grundlagen, Stand der Dinge sowie Verbesserungsvorschläge zum Notfallmanagement polytraumatisierter Patienten aus radiologischer Sicht werden vorgestellt und diskutiert.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Schlagwort(e): Schlüsselwörter Samenblasenzysten ; Nierenagenesie ; Langzeitverlauf ; Computertomographie ; Magnetresonanztomographie ; Key words Seminal vesicle cysts ; Renal agenesis ; Long-term results ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Computed tomography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary Congenital seminal vesicle cysts associated with ipsilateral renal agenesis or dysplasia are rare malformations. Even though they are more often diagnosed today due to the introduction of advanced, sectional imaging techniques as CT and MRI, no reliable data about the prevalence of this malformation are available. This study reports seven consecutive cases, with long-term follow-up in five cases (26–119 months, mean 52 months). All patients underwent sonography, excretory urography, CT and MRI. Only two of seven patients presented nonspecific symptoms of the lower urinary tract; five were asymptomatic. In all cases sonography revealed the cystic character of the retrovesical enlargement. The anatomy of the lower pelvis was most accurately shown on MRI, which depicted the ectopic insertion of the ureter into the seminal vesicle in five cases. Cysts demonstrated high signal intensities in T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo images. In five cases the CT density was over 40 HU. Whereas one patient (15 years) presented significant enlargement of the cysts 10 years after primary diagnosis with compression of the urinary bladder, four patients showed no changes of their malformation in the follow-up examinations. The present data therefore support the concept of treating only symptomatic patients.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Kongenitale Samenblasenzysten mit ipsilateraler Nierenagenesie oder -dyplasie sind seltene angeborene Mißbildungen. Seit Einführung moderner Schnittbildverfahren werden sie jedoch zunehmend häufiger diagnostiziert. Dennoch fehlen bislang genaue Angaben über die Prävalenz dieses Mißbildungsmusters. Diese Studie berichtet über 7 konsekutive Fälle und dokumentiert in 5 Fällen Langzeitbeobachtungen (26–119 Monate, Mittel 52 Monate). Von allen Patienten liegen Ultraschalluntersuchungen, Ausscheidungsurographien sowie Computer- und Kernspintomographien vor. Nur 2 von 7 Patienten wiesen unspezifische Symptome des unteren Harntraktes auf, alle anderen waren asymptomatisch. Von allen bildgebenden Verfahren zeigte die Kernspintomographie am genausten die Veränderungen im kleinen Becken und ihre Beziehungen zum Urogenitalsystem. Die Zysten wiesen eine hohe Signalintensität in T1- und T2-gewichteten Spin-Echo-Sequenzen auf. Computertomographisch fanden sich in 5 Fällen Dichtewerte über 40 HE. Während ein Patient (15 Jahre alt) 10 Jahre nach Erstdiagnose eine erhebliche Vergrößerung der Zysten mit Verdrängung der Harnblase aufwies, zeigten 4 Patienten bei der Nachuntersuchung keine Veränderung der Fehlbildung. Die vorliegenden Daten stützen somit das Konzept, nur symptomatische Patienten zu therapieren.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 38 (1998), S. 954-957 
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Schlagwort(e): Schlüsselwörter Epidurales Hämatom ; Orbita ; Trauma ; Hämatom ; Computertomographie ; Key words Extradural hematoma ; Orbit ; Trauma ; Hematoma ; Computed tomography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary Subperiostal hematomas (SPOH) of the orbit are mostly of traumatic origin, but may occur spontaneously. In patients with frontal and temporal extradural hematomas, concomitant SPOH of the ipsilateral orbit have sporadically been observed. We report clinical and radiological findings of a patient and a review of the literature and discuss the development of SPOH.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Subperiostale Hämatome der Orbita (SPOH) treten überwiegend posttraumatisch, selten auch spontan auf. Gelegentlich wurde bei Patienten mit einem frontalen oder temporalen Epiduralhämatom ein SPOH der ipsilateralen Orbita beobachtet. Wir stellen anhand einer eigenen Patientin und einer Literaturübersicht die klinischen und radiologischen Befunde vor und diskutieren die Entstehung.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 40 (1998), S. 6-10 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Subarachnoid haemorrhage ; Angiography ; Computed tomography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract This study was designed to assess the necessity for a second angiogram study in patients in whom initial angiography after primary subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) was negative. During a 12-year period, 122 of 694 patients (17.5 %) had negative initial angiograms. CT, available for 98 patients, showed a preponderance of subarachnoid blood in the perimesencephalic cisterns in 50 of 73 patients (68.5 %) in whom blood was visible on CT. Angiography, repeated in 67 patients, revealed an aneurysm in 4 (6 %): 2 had an aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery, 1 of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery, and 1 of the P2 segment of the posterior cerebral artery. CT showed subarachnoid blood in the interpeduncular and ambient cisterns in this last case, and a preponderance of subarachnoid blood outside the perimesencephalic cisterns in the remaining 3 patients.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Echinococcosis ; brain ; Hydatid disease ; brain ; Albendazole ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We report a case of cerebral hydatid disease demonstrated by CT and MRI, treated with albendazole. Follow-up showed complete dissapearance of the cysts with residual focal calcification on CT and presumed gliosis on MRI.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Secretory meningioma ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Computed tomography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Secretory meningioma is a rare entity which may be characterised by imaging features unusual for other subtypes of meningoma, such as low attenuation on CT, high (fat-tissue equivalent) signal intensity on T1-weighted MRI, marked surrounding oedema, and irregular contrast enhancement. We report a case of secretory meningioma and review the literature.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 40 (1998), S. 261-263 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Head and neck ; neoplasms ; Sarcoma ; synovial ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We present the CT and MRI findings of a histologically proven synovial sarcoma arising in the left parapharyngeal space of a 21-year-old man. CT was useful for confirming the presence of calcification within the tumour, which may be a favourable prognostic sign, and in excluding involvement of cortical bone. The CT and MRI findings were, however, nonspecific. MRI was superior to CT for assessing the topographical relationships of the tumour to the vessels and the invasion of neighbouring structures.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 40 (1998), S. 380-382 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Anticoagulants ; Cerebral hemorrhage ; Autopsy ; Computed tomography ; Hematoma
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We report the first case in which a fluid-blood interface was identified at autopsy in a patient with acute intracerebral hematoma on anticoagulant therapy. Anticoagulation may be one of the major factors contributing to the production of an intracerebral blood sedimentation level.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 40 (1998), S. 752-754 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Nasal cavity ; Fibrous dysplasia ; Computed tomography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Fibro-osseous lesions of the sinonasal region are relatively frequent, but those strictly confined to the nasal cavity are rare. We report an atypical fibro-osseous lesion in the nasal cavity and describe its radiological features. The differential diagnosis is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 40 (1998), S. 583-586 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Brain ; Calcification ; perivenous ; Lupus erythematosus ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We present a case of neuropsychiatric lupus erythematosus with granular calcification in the basal ganglia and cerebral white matter on CT. Histopathologically, these were identified as perivenous necrotising lesions, with loss of axons and myelin sheaths and prominent dystrophic calcification.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Schwannoma Malignant ; Leptomeningeal metastasis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Computed tomography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract A malignant retroperitoneal schwannoma in a patient without von Recklinghausen's disease is reported. Ossification in the tumour, shown on CT and MRI in this previously untreated patient is exceptional. MRI demonstration of spinal leptomeningeal metastases supports the hypothesis of haematogenous metastatic spread of systemic malignant tumours to the leptomeningeal spaces.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 40 (1998), S. 651-655 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Pituitary adenoma ; Suprasellar tumour ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Computed tomography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We present five proven giant pituitary adenomas studied by CT and MRI, and review the clinical and imaging findings. Our aim was to examine the radiologic appearances and to search for criteria useful in distinguishing these tumors from other sellar and suprasellar tumours, mainly craniopharyngioma. The main differences from small adenomas were high prevalence of macrocysts, a more invasive behaviour and a clinical picture dominated by mass effect rather than endocrine disturbance. Factors supporting the diagnosis of pituitary adenoma in a giant intra- and suprasellar mass include: infrasellar extension, absence of calcification and presence of low-signal cysts on T1-weighted images.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 40 (1998), S. 662-663 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Marble brain syndrome ; Osteopetrosis ; Renal acidosis ; Calcification intracranial ; Computed tomography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Cerebral calcification in children is frequently associated with systemic metabolic disease. We present a case of “marble brain syntrome”, which showed this abnormality.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 40 (1998), S. 154-157 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Cardiopulmonary resuscitation ; Intracranial gas ; Computed tomography ; postmortem
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We report four patients in whom gas was seen in the head on CT shortly after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The gas was in the posterior cranial fossa, presumably within veins, or in the cavernous sinus. The cause of the cardiac arrest was myocardial infarction in three patients and hanging in one. All had peripheral or central venous lines. The mechanism by which gas appeared in the intracranial veins is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 16
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Hydatid cysts ; growth ; Echinococcus granulosus ; Computed tomography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We report the case of a 25-year-old man with multiple bilateral hydatid cysts of the brain in whom we were able to assess the growth rate of the cysts on repeated examination. On average, the cysts increased in diameter by 1 cm per month.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 17
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Inner ear ; Aqueduct ; vestibular ; Endolymphatic duct ; Hearing loss ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We studied ten inner ears of five patients with a bilateral large vestibular aqueduct syndrome, using CT and MRI. Although the large vestibular aqueduct varied in size, a markedly dilated endolymphatic sac extending to the sigmoid sinus was demonstrated bilaterally on MRI in all patients. The cause of hearing loss in this syndrome is unclear. However, it is suggested that reflux of the protein-rich, hyperosmolar endolymph from the enlarged endolymphatic sac (EES) into the cochlea through a widely patent endolymphatic duct may damage the neuroepithelium. CT density and spin-echo MRI signal intensity of the endolymph in EES were markedly higher than those of CSF in eight inner ears of four patients. Increased density and high signal may indicate protein-rich, hyperosmolar endolymph. In some patients with sensorineural hearing loss and EES, the vestibular aqueduct may not appear dilated on CT. MRI is therefore necessary for correct diagnosis of this syndrome, which should more correctly be termed “large endolymphatic duct and sac syndrome”. Prominent EES may predict poor prognosis in this syndrome.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 40 (1998), S. 401-403 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Amyloidosis ; larynx ; Laryngocele ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Computed tomography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract A case of laryngeal amyloidosis associated with a laryngocele is reported. Preoperative CT showed diffuse thickening of the epiglottis, aryepiglottic folds and false vocal cords with well-defined calcific foci. MRI revealed contrast enhancement and increased signal intensity on T2-weighted images.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 19
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Surgery ; trans-sphenoidal ; Cerebrospinal fluid fistula ; Computed tomography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage after trans-sphenoidal surgery is a troublesome complication with a risk of meningitis and pneumocephalus. We suggest CT-guided intrasphenoidal injection of fibrin sealant through a 12-gauge needle as a simple alternative to surgical management of CSF fistulae. We treated eight patients, operated via the trans-sphenoidal route (five pituitary adenomas, three craniopharyngiomas), for a postoperative CSF leak by CT-guided intrasphenoidal injection of fibrin sealant alone in three cases and fibrin sealant and autologous blood in 5. CT was obtained 10 days after the procedure in all cases. In four patients, the CSF leak was closed successfully at the first attempt. The procedure was repeated on the four remaining patients because only a reduction in leakage was obtained at the first attempt. This procedure preserves olfaction and avoids the risk of frontal lobe damage. It could therefore represent the treatment of choice in many cases of anterior cranial fossa postsurgical CSF leaks.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 20
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Glioblastoma ; necrosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Computed tomography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract In a previous study, we found that the extent of necrosis was the only radiological feature which correlated significantly with survival in patients with glioblastoma. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the variability and prognostic value of the extent of the necrotic area as seen on contrast-enhanced MRI and CT in a larger series. We studied 72 patients who underwent surgical removal of supratentorial glioblastomas and had CT and/or MRI with contrast medium before surgery; 38, all undergoing the same treatment (surgery plus radiotherapy), were followed clinically. Necrosis within the tumour varied greatly, ranging from none (only 1 case) to involvement of 76 % of the tumour. Survival data in the subgroup suggested that only patients with a small area of necrosis (less than 35 % of the tumour) had a significantly longer survival time. When necrosis involved more than 35 % of the mass, patients had a shorter survival time, without any further correlation with the extent of necrosis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 40 (1998), S. 462-465 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Temporal bone ; abnormalities ; CHARGE association ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We reviewed the CT examinations of the temporal bone, performed with 1-mm-thick contiguous sections, of seven patients with the CHARGE association. We found abnormalities of the incus and stapes, with ossicular chain fixation, absence of the stapedius muscle and oval window, hypoplasia or dysplasia of the vestibule and absence of the semicircular canals in all ears. The pyramidal eminence and tympanic sinus were absent and there were anomalies of the cochlea in 13 of 14 ears. Absence of the semicircular canals is the most specific change in patients with the CHARGE association.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 40 (1998), S. 577-579 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Fibroma ; chondromyxoid ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Only a smal proportion of cases of this rare neoplasm occur in the skull. We present an unusually extensive tumour in a young man.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 12 (1998), S. 420-429 
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Osteoporosis ; Bone density ; Growth ; Renal insufficiency ; Ultrasound ; Computed tomography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. The monitoring of bone metabolism and skeletal development during childhood and adolescence is becoming increasingly important in the prevention of osteoporosis. This is especially important in patients with chronic disorders. The predominant changes in the skeletal system during growth occur as geometric adaptation processes which lead to an increase in bone mass and bone strength. These changes can be measured with linear absorption methods (single-photon absorptiometry, dual-photon absorptiometry, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), computed tomographic procedures (peripheral quantitative computed tomography, quantitative computed tomography), and sonographic procedures. The aim of this review is to explain the problems of interpretation of the investigations due to growth-dependent changes. Almost all methods and their parameters, such as bone density, spongiosa density, cortical density, ultrasound transmission velocity, etc., are influenced, in varying degree, by growth-dependent skeletal changes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 40 (1998), S. 748-751 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Internal carotid artery ; Stapedial artery ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance angiography ; Middle ear
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract An 8-year-old child was examined because of conductive hearing loss with a retrotympanic mass on otoscopy. CT and MR angiography showed a large inferior tympanic artery traversing the hypotympanum and joining a thin, irregular internal carotid artery with a normal middle meningeal artery. These investigations, coupled with knowledge of the embryological development allowed a diagnosis of a complex vascular anomaly in the middle ear and avoided potential surgical complications.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 40 (1998), S. 238-241 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Leiomyoma ; brain ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Computed tomography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We present a case of intracranial parenchymal leiomyoma in a 20-year-old woman with a chief complaint of numbness and a painful sensation over the right limbs for several years. CT and MRI revealed an intensely enhancing calcified mass. The patient was well, without recurrence, 2 years after surgery.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 40 (1998), S. 335-337 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Thyroid ; lingual ; Goitre ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We present the CT and MRI findings in a 75-year-old woman with a huge pathologically proven lingual thyroid which underwent goitrous degeneration. CT and MRI showed a midline, tongue-based, exophytic mass with areas of necrosis and heterogeneous contrast enhancement, as seen in large goitres in the normal thyroid gland.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 27
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Arachnoid granulations ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Magnetic resonance venography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We report MRI and angiographic findings of an unusual giant arachnoid granulation in the left sigmoid sinus in a boy with headache. Its signal intensity was lower than that of cerebral cortex on T1-weighted images and higher on T2 weighting, mimicking dural sinus thrombosis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 40 (1998), S. 332-334 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Microcephalia vera ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract CT and MRI findings in three patients, two of them siblings, with microcephalia vera are presented. In this rare entity, a very small brain with an extremely thin, smooth cortex and increased surrounding cerebrospinal fluid are observed.
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 69 (1998), S. 763-768 
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Schlagwort(e): Schlüsselwörter Panikstörung ; Computertomographie ; Neuroradiologie ; Hirnmorphologie ; Ätiologie ; Key words Panic disorder ; Computed tomography ; Neuroradiology ; Brain morphology ; Etiology
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary This CT study was designed to assess brain morphology in panic disorder with and without agoraphobia. Twenty-one patients and 21 normal control subjects matched for age and sex were investigated. Frontal and parieto-occipital cortex, temporal cortex, lateral ventricles and 3rd ventricle were evaluated by qualitative assessment on a 3-point scale (normal, questionable, abnormal). Patients showed significant bilateral enlargement of cortical cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spaces (p〈0.01). The rating „abnormal” was given to none (0%) of the normal controls, but to 7 (33.3%) of the patients. Explorative analysis showed that these abnormalities were predominantly located in prefrontal regions. No qualitative differences were seen in the temporal cortex, lateral ventricles or third ventricle. These findings support the hypothesis that alterations in brain morphology are involved in the etiology of panic disorder. The lack of a correlation between CSF enlargement and duration of illness suggests that frontal CSF enlargement is a neurobiological vulnerability marker in panic disorder.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung In der vorliegenden CT-Studie wurde untersucht, ob in der Ätiologie der Panikstörung neben diskutierten psychosozialen, genetischen und biochemischen Faktoren auch hirnmorphologische Komponenten von Bedeutung sind. Anhand einer 3stufigen Skala wurde qualitativ die Hirnstruktur von 21 Patienten mit Panikstörungen mit und ohne Agoraphobie nach DSM-IV sowie von einer alters- und geschlechtsgleichen neuropsychiatrisch unauffälligen Kontrollgruppe bewertet. Folgende Hirnstukturen wurden qualitativ auf einer 3-Punkte-Skala (normal, fraglich, pathologisch) bewertet: frontaler und parietookzipitaler Kortex, temporaler Kortex, Seitenventrikel und 3. Ventrikel. Die Patienten mit Panikstörungen zeigten eine signifikante beidseitige Erweiterung des kortikalen Liquorraumes (p〈0,01). Die Beurteilung „pathologisch” wurde bei keiner Kontrollperson, aber bei sieben (33,3%) Patienten vergeben. Diese hirnstrukturellen Auffälligkeiten waren fast ausschließlich im präfrontalen Kortex lokalisiert. Keine signifikanten Gruppenunterschiede fanden sich in Bezug auf den temporalen Kortex, die Seitenventrikel und den 3. Ventrikel. Die Studienergebnisse zeigen, daß in der Ätiologie der Panikstörung auch hirnstrukturelle Veränderungen von Bedeutung sind. Da die Ausprägung dieser hirnstrukturellen Veränderungen nicht abhängig ist von der Krankheitsdauer, wird die präfrontale Liquorraumerweiterung als hirnbiologischer Vulnerabilitätsmarker der Störung interpretiert.
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie 2 (1998), S. 188-193 
    ISSN: 1434-3940
    Schlagwort(e): Schlüsselwörter Dentale Implantologie ; Computertomographie ; Genauigkeit ; Strahlendosis ; Key words Dental implants ; Computed tomography ; Radiation dose
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Absorbed radiation doses delivered by computed tomography and panoramic radiography were measured in 16 anatomic sites using a head and neck phantom and thermoluminescent dosimetry. The recommended kilovoltage and scan time for dental scanning was reduced step by step, rating the quality of the low-dose scans. A reduction of up to 76% could be achieved without loss of diagnostic accuracy. Measured absorbed radiation dose ranges from 0.30 mGy (thyroid) to 29 mGy (skin) at 187,5 mAs and 1.0 mm-slices (25 mm scanning distance for maxilla, 30 mm for mandible). After reduction to 45 mAs, 0.07 mGy (thyroid) to 6.9 mGy (skin) was measured. Distance measurements on human jaw specimens were compared with corresponding CT image measurements. Average deviation was 0.1– 0.3 mm. A dose reduction of 75% had no effect on the results. However, the doses of CT-scans reduced by 76% exceed by an average factor of 10 the doses of conventional panoramic radiography. Therefore, CT should be reserved for the planning of complex implant treatment in the direct vicinity of the maxillar sinus and nerves and for multiple implant insertion.
    Notizen: Die Energiedosis der Spiralcomputertomographie sowie des Orthopantomogramms (OPG) wurde an 16 Positionen im Kopfbereich mit Hilfe von Thermolumineszenzdosimetern und eines Phantomkopfs bestimmt. Die vom Hersteller des Computertomographen empfohlene Röhrenleistung für eine dentale CT wurde schrittweise reduziert. Eine Verminderung der Strahlenbelastung um 76% wurde ohne Verlust an diagnostischer Information erreicht. Die gemessene Energiedosis der Computertomographie betrug 0,30 mGy (Schilddrüse) bis 29 mGy (Hautoberfläche im Strahlengang) bei 187,5 mAs und 1-mm-Schichten (25 mm Scanstrecke im Oberkiefer, 30 mm im Unterkiefer). Bei Reduzierung auf 45 mAs wurden 0,07 mGy (Schilddrüse) bis 6,9 mGy (Hautoberfläche) gemessen. Längenmessungen an gesägten Kieferpräparaten wurden mit korrespondierenden CT-Messungen an einer Workstation verglichen. Die durchschnittliche Meßungenauigkeit betrug hierbei 0,1–0,3 mm. Die Dosisreduzierung der CT um ca. 76% hatte keinen Einfluß auf die Längenmeßgenauigkeit. Allerdings liegen die Energiedosen der um 76% dosisreduzierten CT-Scans noch durchschnittlich um den Faktor 10 über der Energiedosis eines Orthopantomogramms. Die Computertomographie sollte daher der Planung komplexer Implantatversorgungen in Kieferhöhlen- oder Nervennähe sowie multipler Implantationen vorbehalten bleiben.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European spine journal 7 (1998), S. 344-347 
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Lipoma ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Radiography ; Vertebral
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Osseous lipomata of vertebral bodies are rare. We present a very unusual case where adjacent vertebrae are involved and the plain radiographic and scintigraphic appearances gave cause for some concern. The findings on plain films, scintigraphy, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are discussed.
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  • 32
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Knee ; Femoral trochlea ; Ultrasonography ; Computed tomography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. The aim of the study was to verify the efficacy of ultrasonography (US) in evaluating the morphology of normal trochlea, especially the sulcus angle and the trochlear depth, in comparison with computed tomography (CT) (gold standard). The knees of 11 asymptomatic volunteers were subjected to US and CT evaluation of the same section planes and the results were compared. For statistical evaluation Spearman's correlation coefficient analysis was used. A statistically significant correlation was found between the two diagnostic procedures (sulcus angle: r = 0.820; trochlear depth: r = 0.802; Spearman's correlation coefficient) and the intra-observer variability for the US measurements (sulcus angle: r = 0.966; trochlear depth: r = 0.914; Spearman's correlation coefficient). The mean value of sulcus angle and trochlear depth was 132 ° and 5.6 mm, respectively, similar to those reported in the literature. We conclude that evaluation by US of both sulcus angle and trochlear depth is as reproducible and sensitive as that performed with CT.
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European radiology 8 (1998), S. 97-99 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Gated MRI ; Computed tomography ; Heart ; Left atrium ; Neoplasms ; Leiomyosarcomas
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. Cardiac leiomyosarcoma is a rare tumour which can grow either intramurally or extramurally. Its prognosis is dismal. Surgery lengthens survival, but recurrences usually occur in the short term. Gated MRI is useful for the assessment of cardiac masses since it provides fine spatial and contrast resolution. We present the case of a left atrial leiomyosarcoma whose recurrence was diagnosed by gated MRI. Our patient underwent a second resection but died soon after.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European radiology 8 (1998), S. 471-473 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Lymphangioleiomyomatosis ; Retroperitoneum ; Computed tomography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. Lymphangioleiomyomatosis is a rare disease involving the lung, lymphatic trunk and lymph nodes. Sometimes it appears in the retroperitoneum with or without subsequent development in the lungs. We present a 52-year-old woman with retroperitoneal location of the disease. We discuss the abdominal CT appearance, the cytologic and immunophenotypic features and a preoperative differential diagnosis is attempted.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European radiology 8 (1998), S. 1106-1115 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Stroke ; Venous occlusions ; Computed tomography ; MRI ; Diffusion ; Echoplanar imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. In this paper, the authors present the contribution of CT and MRI to the diagnosis of acute stroke caused by arterial or venous occlusion. The term “early” used in this context means within 6 h of the onset of symptoms. Signs of early ischemic edema are subtle and sometimes difficult to detect by CT or MRI. The purpose of this presentation is to familiarize the clinician and the radiologist with the subtle brain parenchymal changes seen within the first 6 h after onset of symptoms, in order to improve detection of early ischemic infarction and to improve patient care.
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European radiology 8 (1998), S. 1425-1428 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Choriocarcinoma ; Stomach ; Pancreas ; Computed tomography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. In this report we present the CT findings of two non-gestational,extragonadal choriocarcinomas, one arising within the stomach and one in the pancreas. These are rare tumours and a pancreatic primary site has not been previously described.
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European radiology 8 (1998), S. 100-102 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Teratoma ; Posterior mediastinum ; Computed tomography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. The vast majority of germ cell tumors in the thorax arise at or near the thymus. We report a case of a 41-year-old man with mature teratoma of the posterior mediastinum. He was asymptomatic and was incidentally found to have a posterior mediastinal mass. Computed tomography was helpful in suggesting a diagnosis of mature teratoma by demonstrating the presence of fat and calcification. The differential diagnosis included neurogenic tumors, liposarcoma, and extramedullary hematopoiesis.
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European radiology 8 (1998), S. 770-771 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Perineurioma ; Nerve sheath tumor ; Computed tomography ; Ultrasound
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. Perineurioma is an extremely rare benign tumor of the peripheral nervous system composed exclusively of perineurial cells. Imaging findings of this tumor are non-specific and the diagnosis is based on histologic studies. We report a case of perineurioma of the kidney in a 7-year-old girl discovered incidentally during the evaluation of a urinary tract infection. This is the first case of renal perineurioma reported in a child. We present the ultrasound and computed tomography findings of this histologically confirmed neoplasm.
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European radiology 8 (1998), S. 1116-1122 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Clavicle ; Medial clavicular epiphysis ; Computed tomography ; Bone age determination
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. The development of the medial clavicular epiphysis and its fusion with the clavicular shaft have been a subject of medical research since the second decade of this century. Computed tomography provides the imaging modality of choice in analyzing the maturation process of the sternal end of the clavicle. In a retrospective study, we analyzed normal development in 380 individuals under the age of 30 years. The appearance of an epiphyseal ossification center occurred between ages 11 and 22 years. Partial union was found from age 16 until age 26 years. Complete union was first noted at age 22 years and in 100 % of the sample at age 27 years. Based on these data, age-related standardized age distributions and 95 % reference intervals were calculated. Compared to the experience recorded in the relevant literature, there are several landmarks that show no significant change between different ethnic groups and different periods of publication; these are the onset of ossification, the time span of partial union, and the appearance of complete union. Despite the relatively long time spans of the maturation stages, bone age estimation based on the study of the development of the medial clavicular epiphysis may be a useful tool in forensic age identification in living individuals, especially if the age of the subject is about the end of the second or the beginning of the third decade of life (e. g. in determining the applicability of adult or juvenile penal systems). Another possible use is in identifying human remains whose age is estimated at under 30 years.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European radiology 8 (1998), S. 66-68 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Heart angiosarcoma ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. We report a case of primary heart angiosarcoma and its appearance on plain and post-contrast computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in 21-year-old woman. The tumour involved the right atrium, expanded superiorly among the superior vena cava, ascending aorta and innominate vein, and infiltrated the pericardium. The tumour was disseminated into lungs, liver and bones at the time of its clinical presentation.
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European radiology 8 (1998), S. 1099-1105 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Aorta ; Pulmonary arteries ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. Several excellent imaging modalities are available for studying the great vessels of the chest noninvasively. Besides computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and echocardiography (in particular the transesophageal approach) can accurately depict abnormalities of the thoracic vasculature, and are a valuable substitute for contrast angiography in most circumstances. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the current contribution of CT and MRI to the diagnosis of great vessel pathology of the chest.
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 19 (1998), S. 329-337 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Schlagwort(e): Shoulder ; Supraspinatus outlet syndrome ; Computed tomography ; Mineralization ; Subacromial space
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract A reduction of the subacromial space and an increased subacromial pressure have been considered to play an important role in the pathogenesis of rotator cuff lesions. The objective of the current study was to develop a CT based method for measuring the acromiohumeral distance and inferior acromial mineralization. In seven patients with unilateral rupture of the rotator cuff and two with impingement syndrome, transverse CT images were obtained at a section thickness of 1 mm with muscular relaxation in a standardized position. The bones were then reconstructed three-dimensionally, and the minimal vertical distance between the acromion and the humerus was determined in three secondary frontal images on both sides. The distribution of mineralization within the inferior surface of the acromion was assessed using CT osteoabsorptiometry. Although the Constant score was significantly reduced in the diseased shoulders, the width of the subacromial space was not routinely lower than on the contralateral side. In seven cases the maximal inferior acromial mineralization was identical in both shoulders, and in two cases it was lower on the affected side. These preliminary data suggest that with muscular relaxation no narrowing of the subacromial space can be detected in secondary frontal CT images, and that a potential increase of subacromial pressure is not high enough to cause a measurable increase in inferior acromial bone density. The method presented makes it possible to investigate the pathogenesis of the supraspinatus outlet syndrome in vivo with greater precision than has so far been possible with conventional radiography.
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  • 43
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Schlagwort(e): Aortic bifurcation ; Vena cava confluence ; Computed tomography ; Ageing
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The object of this retrospective study was to determine the sites of abdominal aortic bifurcation and inferior vena cava confluence in relation to age and sex. The study group comprised 180 subjects (90 males and 90 females) divided into 9 groups by age (in decades). The positions of the aortic bifurcation and the inferior vena cava confluence were evaluated by CT, and linear regression models were fitted to the data. The positions of the aortic bifurcation and venous confluence showed a highly significant downward shift with increasing age (p=0.0001). The shift was more pronounced in women. The mean site of the aortic bifurcation for the whole group was at lower L4 (range, upper L3 to upper S1); in males, it was at upper L4 (range, upper L3 to upper L5), and in females at lower L4 (range, upper L3 to upper S1). The mean site of the venous confluence for the whole group was at disc L4-L5 (range, lower L3 to upper S1); in males, it was at disc L4-L5 (range, upper L4 to disc L5-S1), and in females at disc L4-L5 (range, lower L3 to upper S1). Thus, the aorta and the inferior vena cava can extend as low as the level of S1. These data are of relevance in laparoscopic procedures, especially in laparoscopic lumbar discectomy.
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 20 (1998), S. 215-220 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Schlagwort(e): Temporal bone ; Retrotympanum ; Radio-anatomy ; Computed tomography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Le but de ce travail était de définir avec précision en tomodensitométrie haute résolution l'imagerie du rétrotympanum. A partir de 66 TDMs des rochers réalisés chez 49 patients suivis en ORL, plusieurs structures du rétrotympanum ont été étudiées : éminence pyramidale, ponticulus, subiculum, crête cordale, sinus tympanique de proctor, sinus tympani et récessus du facial. Les variations morphologiques et de profondeur ont été notées ainsi que le rapport entre la pyramide et le canal facial. Dans un deuxième temps, à partir de 24 temporaux prélevés sur cadavres embaumés, explorés selon la même technique radiologique, les mêmes structures anatomiques ont été étudiées. Des corrélations anatomiques pour 6 temporaux ont été réalisées pour confirmer l'ensemble de nos hypothèse radiologiques. En tomodensitométrie la visibilité de l'éminence pyramidale était obtenue dans 100% des cas, celle de la crête cordale dans 52% des cas, du ponticulus dans 63% des cas et du subiculum dans 57% des cas. Pour ce qui est des différents récessus, le sinus tympani était visible dans 95% des cas, le sinus tympani de Proctor dans 38% des cas, la fossette de Grivot dans 47% des cas et le recessus du facial dans 80% des cas. La profondeur moyenne du sinus tympani était de 2.7 mm, le sinus tympani de Proctor mesurait 1.65 mm, la fossette de Grivot était évaluée à 2.1 mm et le récessus du facial à 2.2 mm. La meilleure connaissance de ces sinus et de leur variation aidera le chirurgien en particulier pour une tympanotomie postérieure ou un abord rétro-facial.
    Notizen: Summary The aim of this study was to define the imaging of the retrotympanum precisely by means of high-resolution CT. Based on 66 scans of petrous bones performed in 49 patients observed in an otologic department, several retrotympanic structures were studied: the pyramidal eminence, ponticulus, subiculum, chordal ridge, tympanic sinus of Proctor, sinus tympani and recess of the facial n. The variations in morphology and depth were noted as well as the relationship between the pyramid and the facial canal. In a second phase the same anatomic structures were studied in 24 temporal bones removed from embalmed cadavers and investigated with the same radiologic technique. Anatomic correlations were made for six temporal bones to confirm the general applicability of our radiologic hypotheses. In CT the pyramidal eminence was visualised in 100% of cases, the chordal ridge in 52%, the ponticulus in 63% and the subiculum in 57%. As regards the different recesses, the sinus tympani was visualised in 95% of cases, the posterior tympanic sinus of Proctor in 38%, the fossula of Grivot in 47% and the facial recess in 80%. The mean depth of the sinus tympani was 2.7 mm and that of the tympanic sinus of Proctor was 1.65 mm; the fossula of Grivot was assessed as 2.1 mm and the facial recess as 2.2 mm. A better knowledge of these sinuses and their variations will aid the surgeon, particularly in a posterior tympanotomy or a retro-facial approach.
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 19 (1998), S. 395-398 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Schlagwort(e): Bone maturation ; Carpal bone ; Volume ; Computed tomography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The aim of our study was to measure the volume of each carpal bone during childhood and adolescence by image processing from computed tomography (CT) scans, and to analyze the relationship between the eight carpal bones. Thirteen CT scans were performed in nine normal prepubertal, peripubertal and post-pubertal children, six boys and three girls, aged 5-14 years. Each scan was processed in order to extract the carpal bones. The volume was computed for each bone. There was a significant correlation between carpal bone volume and age (0.55 〈 r 〈 0.79), and a very strong correlation between the volume of a given carpal bone and the volume of all the others, whatever the age (0.87 〈 r 〈 0.99, p 〈 0.01). Image processing is a potentially useful method for assessing bone maturation. The constant ratio between carpal bone volumes indicates that these bones interact with each other in wrist bone maturation
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 20 (1998), S. 215-220 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Schlagwort(e): Temporal bone ; Retrotympanum ; Radio-anatomy ; Computed tomography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Summary: The aim of this study was to define the imaging of the retrotympanum precisely by means of high-resolution CT. Based on 66 scans of petrous bones performed in 49 patients observed in an otologic department, several retrotympanic structures were studied: the pyramidal eminence, ponticulus, subiculum, chordal ridge, tympanic sinus of Proctor, sinus tympani and recess of the facial n. The variations in morphology and depth were noted as well as the relationship between the pyramid and the facial canal. In a second phase the same anatomic structures were studied in 24 temporal bones removed from embalmed cadavers and investigated with the same radiologic technique. Anatomic correlations were made for six temporal bones to confirm the general applicability of our radiologic hypotheses. In CT the pyramidal eminence was visualised in 100% of cases, the chordal ridge in 52%, the ponticulus in 63% and the subiculum in 57%. As regards the different recesses, the sinus tympani was visualised in 95% of cases, the posterior tympanic sinus of Proctor in 38%, the fossula of Grivot in 47% and the facial recess in 80%. The mean depth of the sinus tympani was 2.7 mm and that of the tympanic sinus of Proctor was 1.65 mm; the fossula of Grivot was assessed as 2.1 mm and the facial recess as 2.2 mm. A better knowledge of these sinuses and their variations will aid the surgeon, particularly in a posterior tympanotomy or a retro-facial approach.
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  • 47
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Schlagwort(e): Aortic bifurcation ; Vena cava confluence ; Computed tomography ; Ageing
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Le but de cette étude rétrospective était de déterminer la topographie de la bifurcation de l'aorte abdominale et de la confluence cave caudale en fonction de l'âge et du sexe. Le groupe étudié comprenait 180 sujets (90 de sexe masculin et 90 de sexe féminin) divisés en 9 groupes d'âge (9 décennies). Les positions de la bifurcation aortique et de la confluence veineuse cave caudale ont été évaluées par tomodensitométrie, et des modèles de régression linéaire ont été appliqués aux données recueillies. Un déplacement caudal des positions de la bifurcation aortique et de la confluence cave caudale était hautement corrélé à l'âge (p=0.0001). Le déplacement était plus prononcé chez les femmes. La position moyenne de la bifurcation aortique pour le groupe entier était la partie caudale de L4 (extrémités : partie supérieure de L3, partie supérieure de S1) ; chez les sujets de sexe masculin, elle se situait à la partie supérieure de L4 (extrémités : partie supérieure de L3, partie supérieure de L5), et dans le sexe féminin à la partie caudale de L4 (extrémités : partie supérieure de L3, partie supérieure de S1). La situation moyenne de la confluence cave caudale pour le groupe entier était au niveau du disque L4–L5 (extrémités : partie caudale de L3, partie craniale de S1) ; dans le sexe masculin elle se situait en regard du disque L4–L5 (extrémités : partie craniale de L4, disque L5–S1) et dans le sexe féminin au niveau du disque L4–L5 (extrémités : partie caudale de L3, partie craniale de S1). Ainsi, l'aorte et la veine cave caudale peuvent s'étendre aussi bas qu'au niveau de S1. Ces données trouvent leur application dans les procédures laparoscopiques, en particulier dans la discectomie lombaire.
    Notizen: Summary The object of this retrospective study was to determine the sites of abdominal aortic bifurcation and inferior vena cava confluence in relation to age and sex. The study group comprised 180 subjects (90 males and 90 females) divided into 9 groups by age (in decades). The positions of the aortic bifurcation and the inferior vena cava confluence were evaluated by CT, and linear regression models were fitted to the data. The positions of the aortic bifurcation and venous confluence showed a highly significant downward shift with increasing age (p=0.0001). The shift was more pronounced in women. The mean site of the aortic bifurcation for the whole group was at lower L4 (range, upper L3 to upper S1); in males, it was at upper L4 (range, upper L3 to upper L5), and in females at lower L4 (range, upper L3 to upper S1). The mean site of the venous confluence for the whole group was at disc L4–L5 (range, lower L3 to upper S1); in males, it was at disc L4–L5 (range, upper L4 to disc L5–S1), and in females at disc L4–L5 (range, lower L3 to upper S1). Thus, the aorta and the inferior vena cava can extend as low as the level of S1. These data are of relevance in laparoscopic procedures, especially in laparoscopic lumbar discectomy.
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  • 48
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Schlagwort(e): Schlüsselwörter Computertomographie ; Elektronenstrahlcomputertomographie ; Dosis ; Key words Computed tomography ; electron-beam ; Computed tomography ; dose ; Computed tomography ; helical
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary To compare patient dose and image quality of electron-beam-CT vs. spiral-CT by means of phantom measurements. An EBCT scanner (C-150 XP) and a spiral-CT scanner (GE HiSpeed Advantage) were used to scan three different phantoms. Administered dose, high contrast (HC) resolution, low contrast (LC) lesion detectability and the width of the radiation beams were measured. EBCT showed 25–35% lower HC resolution in comparison to spiral-CT. LC lesion detectability showed equivalent results for S/N vs. patient dose using 3 mm collimation with EBCT and spiral-CT, whereas spiral-CT was superior for 1,5 and 6 mm collimation. Dose measurements revealed a 2 fold higher patient dose using EBCT with 1,5 mm or 6 mm collimation compared to spiral-CT using equivalent scan parameters. No differences were seen using 3 mm collimation. Differences were due to insufficient beamside collimation of the EBCT. The use of EBCT with 6 mm collimation should be avoided, because of impaired performance. Using 3 mm collimation, EBCT showed comparable performance like state of the art spiral-CT despite lower HC resolution.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Untersuchung nimmt einen Vergleich der applizierten Dosis und der resultierenden Bildqualität der Elektronenstrahl-CT (EBCT) im Volumenmodus und der Spiral-CT anhand von Phantommessungen vor. Mit EBCT (C-150 XP) und Spiral-CT (GE HiSpeed Advantage) wurden Messungen zur Niedrigkontrast- und Hochkontrastauflösung, Dosismessungen und Messungen der Röntgenstrahlbreite mit verschiedenen Phantomen durchgeführt. Die Hochkontrastauflösung liegt in der EBCT im Volumenmodus ca. 25–35% unter den Werten der Spiral-CT. Die Niedrigkontrastauflösung zeigt für 3 mm Kollimation bei EBCT und Spiral-CT ähnliche S/N Werte, bei 1,5 mm und insbesondere 6 mm Kollimation ist die Spiral-CT deutlich überlegen. Bei der EBCT mit 1,5-mm- und 6-mm-Kollimation ergibt sich eine doppelt so hohe Patientendosis wie bei der SCT, während bei 3-mm-Kollimation die Patientendosis gleich groß ist. Als Ursache hierfür wurde eine ungenügende strahlseitige Kollimation der EBCT gefunden. Die 6-mm-Kollimation am EBCT sollte wegen der schlechteren Niedrigkontrastauflösung und der höheren Dosis nicht verwendet werden. Bei einer Kollimation von 3 mm haben EBCT und Spiral-CT eine ähnliche Performance bei geringerer Hochkontrastauflösung der EBCT.
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 38 (1998), S. 693-701 
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Schlagwort(e): Schlüsselwörter Abdominaltrauma ; Ultraschall ; Computertomographie ; Key words Abdominal trauma ; Ultrasonography ; Computed tomography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary In Europe ultrasonography has displaced diagnostic peritoneal lavage (DPL) in the primary survey of polytraumatized patients with suspected abdominal trauma. Hemodynamically unstable patients who are brought to the emergency room with blunt abdominal trauma will go directly to the operating room after a rapid ultrasonography examination with evidence of hemoperitoneum. In hemodynamically stable patients, in addition to ultrasonography, computed tomography can be done. This is especially efficient if evaluation with sonography is not completely possible or shows little pathology (e.g. small amounts of hemoperitoneum).
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Die Sonographie hat die diagnostische Peritoneallavage in Europa als primäres diagnostisches Verfahren beim Abdominaltrauma abgelöst. Wird beim kreislaufinstabilen Patienten im Schockraum bei der Sonographie freie Flüssigkeit nachgewiesen, ist die bildgebende Diagnostik beendet, der Patient wird laparotomiert. Bei hämodynamisch stabilen Patienten läßt sich neben der Sonographie auch die Computertomographie einsetzen. Dies ist in der Akutphase der Versorgung („erste Stunde”) besonders dann sinnvoll, wenn die Sonographie nicht sicher beurteilbar oder auffällig ist (z.B. geringe Mengen freier Flüssigkeit).
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 41 (1998), S. 1023-1028 
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Schlagwort(e): Diverticulitis ; Computed tomography ; Hospital costs ; Complications ; Surgery ; Accuracy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use and timing of computed tomography in the treatment of patients with acute left-sided diverticulitis. METHODS: We reviewed our four-year experience of 47 patients with the diagnosis of acute diverticulitis. We have evaluated the benefits of admissionvs. delayed computed tomography in patients with this diagnosis. RESULTS: Of the 47 patients, 17 were diagnosed on clinical grounds alone, treated, and released. Thirty patients had their clinical diagnoses of diverticulitis evaluated with either computed tomographic scan (26) or laparotomy (4). Eleven of those 30 (36 percent) patients were found to have normal computed tomographic scans, indicating inaccurate clinical diagnosis, and all patients who underwent laparotomy had the pathologic diagnosis of diverticulitis. Six of the 47 patients had abscesses, but only 2 were identified at the time of admission. The remaining four abscesses were identified on delayed computed tomographic scans after failure of medical therapy. Thirty-seven hospital days were used by patients with inaccurate diagnoses before their computed tomographic scans. Analysis of cost revealed that a computed tomographic scan for all 47 patients would have cost less than the expense of admission for just the 11 patients who had normal computed tomographic scans. CONCLUSION: Routine admission computed tomographic scan for patients with acute diverticulitis leads to more accurate diagnosis, earlier identification of complications, and possible decreased hospital costs.
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  • 51
    ISSN: 1534-4681
    Schlagwort(e): Hepatic metastases ; Colorectal ; Computed tomography ; Pulmonary metastases
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Background: Hepatic resection is the standard treatment for hepatic colorectal metastases. The lung represents the next most likely site, after the liver, of metastatic disease. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest is more sensitive than is chest x-ray in detecting metastatic lung lesions. However, the usefulness of chest CT in the evaluation of patients before hepatic resection remains uncertain. Methods: One hundred consecutive patients with negative chest x-rays and potentially resectable hepatic colorectal metastases underwent chest CT. Patients with CT findings suggestive of meta-static disease were subjected to thoracotomy or video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) before laparotomy and attempted hepatic resection. The operative findings and clinical course were analyzed. Results: Eleven of 100 patients had a positive chest CT. Four of these 11 patients had malignant lesions of the lung (three metastatic colorectal cancers and one primary lung cancer). There was no difference in median total hospital stay (8.5 days [range 7 to 13 days] vs. 8.0 days [range 3 to 49 days]), number of perioperative deaths (0 vs. 2 deaths), or long-term outcome between those patients with a positive chest CT undergoing thoracotomy/VATS and those patients with a negative chest CT. Overall, chest CT provided a positive yield of 4% and a positive predictive value of 36% for the detection of malignant lesions of the lung. Conclusions: Chest CT only minimally improved detection of malignant lesions of the lung over chest x-ray. Thoracotomy/VATS and wedge resection of lung nodules did not adversely affect outcome. The low positive yield and low positive predictive value of chest CT in the setting of a negative chest x-ray places in question the usefulness of routinely performing chest CT as part of the extent-of-disease work-up before hepatic resection.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 248 (1998), S. 272-276 
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Schizophrenia ; Epithalamus ; Habenula ; Pineal gland ; Computed tomography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We evaluated the prevalence and the size of epithalamus calcifications (EC) and choroid plexus calcifications (CPC) on computed tomography (CT) scans in a group of 64 schizophrenic patients and in a group of 31 healthy controls. The associations between cerebral calcifications, demographic variables, and other brain morphological characteristics (particularly cerebral ventricular size and cortical atrophy) in both, patients and controls, were also considered. A significant increase in size of the epithalamic-region calcifications in schizophrenic patients was found, whereas there was no evidence of increase in both, dimension and prevalence, of choroid plexus calcification. Such dimensional increase was unrelated to the duration of illness and therefore did not seem to be iatrogenic or secondary to the disease. A correlation was found between epithalamus calcifications and cortical atrophy and third-ventricle enlargement, suggesting that calcifications of this cerebral region may be associated with lesions of third-periventricular areas and of circuitries hypothesized to be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Annals of biomedical engineering 26 (1998), S. 519-525 
    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Schlagwort(e): Angiogram ; Microspheres ; Embolization ; Fractal ; Computed tomography ; Artery: coronary ; Temporospatial heterogeneity ; Myocardial perfusion ; Blood volume ; Heart ; Pig
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract Spatial heterogeneity of myocardial perfusion has been recognized for many years. Whether this is primarily the result of heterogeneity of parameters such as myocardial metabolism, of intramyocardial mechanical forces, or of vasomotor function within the myocardial microcirculation, is not clear. A practical problem is that it has been almost impossible to measure any two of these parameters simultaneously in the same piece of myocardium so that an unambiguous correlation, much less a cause-and-effect relationship, has been difficult to establish. In this study of six anesthetized pigs, we propose that whole-body computed tomography is a method for providing the simultaneous measurement of heterogeneity of myocardial perfusion (F) and myocardial blood volume (ρ). The first finding was that the empirical relationship ρ=AF+BF0.5 between myocardial blood flow (F) and intramyocardial blood volume (ρ) is maintained over a range of sizes of regions of interest (approximately 1 to 0.125 cm3) within the myocardium of each individual animal despite the spatial heterogeneity of the F and the ρ values. The value of A ranges from 0.014 to 0.021 min and of B ranges from 0.061 to 0.076 ml0.5 g−0.5 min0.5. A second finding was that the pattern of spatial heterogeneity of F and of ρ remained reasonably stable over at least a 1 h period. © 1998 Biomedical Engineering Society. PAC98: 8745Ft, 8759Fm
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Space science reviews 84 (1998), S. 199-206 
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Schlagwort(e): Nuclear reactions ; Nucleosynthesis ; Abundances ; Stars:Evolution ; Interior ; Rotation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract We first recall the observational and theoretical facts that constitute the so-called 3He problem. We then review the chemical anomalies that could be related to the destruction of 3He in red giants stars. We show how a simple consistent mechanism can lead to the destruction of 3He in low mass stars and simultaneously account for the low 12C/13C ratios and low lithium abundances observed in giant stars of different populations. This process should both naturally account for the recent measurements of 3He/H in galactic HII regions and allow for high values of 3He observed in some planetary nebulae. We propose a simple statistical estimation of the fraction of stars that may be affected by this process.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy 6 (1998), S. 173-180 
    ISSN: 1433-7347
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Patellofemoral joint ; Computed tomography ; Electromyography ; Quadriceps ; muscle ; Vastus medialis obliquus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Sportwissenschaft
    Notizen: Abstract In this study, the effect of dynamic stabilizers on the patellofemoral (PF) joint was investigated in normal volunteers (group I) and in patients with patellar pain (group II) or instability (group III) by using computed tomography (CT) analysis and integrated electromyography (iEMG) of the quadriceps muscle. Nine subjects (16 knees) from group I, 10 patients (12 knees) from group II and 8 patients (12 knees) from group III were included in the study. CT scans of the PF joint with quadriceps contracted (QC) and uncontracted (QU) and iEMG of vastus medialis obliquus (VMO), vastus lateralis (VL) and rectus femoris (RF) were obtained with the aid of a specially designed jig at 0°, 15°, 30° and 45° of knee flexion. The same muscle contraction pattern simulating closed kinetic chain exercise was used for both CT and iEMG. The difference between the congruence angles (CA) and tilt angles (PTA) in QC and QU positions and VMO:VL ratio from the iEMG were calculated separately for each flexion angle. CA was increased in all groups with quadriceps contraction at 0° and 15° of flexion. PTA was decreased in group I and increased in groups II and III with quadriceps contraction at the same flexion angles. This difference was statistically significant in group III at 0° and 15° of flexion. Quadriceps contraction did not affect the patellar position significantly even in the instability group at 45° of flexion. In all flexion angles the balanced VMO:VL activity ratio was observed only in group I. In the other goups, VL activity was higher than VMO activity except at 45° of flexion. These findings do not support the hypothesis of dominant centralizing effect of VMO on the patella in extension, but the effect of the VMO may be more clearly demonstrated by measuring PTA in both QC and QU positions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 56
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Posterior cranial fossa surgery ; Tumours ; Childhood ; Computed tomography ; Duraplasty ; Paediatric neurosurgery
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract At the Department of Neurosurgery, Hradec Králové, 454 children (aged under 18 years) were operated on for posterior cranial fossa lesions in a period of 49 years (1948–1996). The majority (402) had tumours: cerebellar astrocytomas 149 (37.1%), medulloblastomas 139 (34.6%), brain stem gliomas 46 (11.4%), ependymomas 28 (7.0%), and others 40 (9.9%). Postoperative mortality was compared for the pre-CT era (1948–1977) and the CT era (1978–1996): astrocytomas (8.6%:4.7%), medulloblastomas (14.9%:2.9%), brain stem gliomas (21.7%:19.0%), ependymomas (18.2%:6.3%), and others (40.0%:7.4%). The initially high mortality was due to insufficient intracranial decompression, brain oedema and disturbances of cerebrospinal fluid circulation. Obstructive hydrocephalus was treated in 53 children with tumours and 25 with aqueduct stenoses, by Torkildsen's drainage in 5.5%, and/or by catheterisation of aqueduct in 12.3%. The main postoperative complications of medial posterior fossa surgery in 429 children operated on were: pseudomeningocele (12.3%), active hydrocephalus (6.2%) and CSF leakage (4.6%). Only 8.2% had shunts placed for these complications. We presume that this low percentage of shunts used results from a frequent use of duraplasties and drains installed at the primary operation. The dura mater was initially (1948–1954) left open (50 cases), and later (1955–1958) also sutured (37 cases), and from 1958, onward, and especially from 1961, reconstructed by a medial approach by means of various grafts (377 cases). In all, duraplasty was performed in 81.6% of cases. The grafts used for dura mater reconstruction were prepared from autogeneic (1.6%), allogeneic (72.3%), xenogeneic (24.8%), or synthetic (1.3%) material. They were successful in 99.2% of cases (all materials). Our own suture technique for posterior fossa duraplasty is presented.
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  • 57
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Diffuse astrocytoma ; Bilateral thalamic astrocytomas ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Hyperfractionated radiotherapy ; Chemotherapy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We report the case of a 13-year-old girl with diffuse bilateral thalamic astrocytomas. Incoordination was observed at the onset. Cranial computed tomography (CT) showed enlarged thalami, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed these lesions to be symmetrically enlarged with high intensity on the T2-weighted image. Owing to these atypical findings in the neuroimaging studies, we had difficulty in making the correct diagnosis of a brain tumor. After the diagnosis of diffuse bilateral thalamic astrocytomas was obtained, we performed hyperfractionated radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy. Radiation therapy was effective for a while, but the girl's condition deteriorated again and she died 8 months after admission. Although diffuse bilateral thalamic astrocytomas are difficult to diagnose because they do not resemble most other neoplasms on neuroimaging studies, pediatricians should keep this entity in mind in order to arrive at a precise and prompt diagnosis.
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  • 58
    ISSN: 1434-5196
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Adipocere ; Brain ; Retroorbital fatty ; tissue ; Computed tomography ; Schlüsselwörter Leichenlipid ; Adipocire ; Gehirn ; Retroorbitalfettgewebe ; Computertomographie
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Rechtswissenschaft
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Anhand von 3 Beobachtungen aus dem rechtsmedizinischen Sektionsgut werden verschiedene Manifestationsformen von Leichenlipid im Kopfbereich vorgestellt: In einem Fall wurde das gesamte Gehirn nach 6jähriger Wasserliegezeit in gutem Erhaltungszustand vorgefunden. In zwei Fällen war das Retroorbitalfett in Leichenlipid umgewandelt, wobei jeweils Aussparungen im Verlauf der Nn. optici und der Augenmuskeln bestanden. Bei zwei Leichen waren auch die Wangenweichteile partiell in Adipocire transformiert. Vor der autoptischen Schädelöffnung wurden computertomographische Untersuchungen durchgeführt. Das in toto erhalten gebliebene Gehirn zeigte im CT deutlich abgrenzbare Binnenstrukturen; die Dichtemessungen des ehemaligen Hirnparenchyms ergaben Hounsfield-Einheiten im Bereich von Fettmischgewebe. In einem weiteren Fall war lediglich eine amorphe Weichteilmasse darstellbar.
    Notizen: Abstract On the basis of three observations from forensic autopsies, different forms of manifestation of adipocere in the head region are presented. In one case the entire brain was found to be well preserved after the body had been immersed in water for 6 years. In two cases the retroorbital fatty tissue had been converted into adipocere, avoiding the Nn. optici and the eye muscles. In two bodies the soft tissue of the cheeks was also partially transformed to adipocere. Before opening the skull at autopsy scans by computed tomography were performed. The brain, which had been preserved in toto, showed clearly definable internal structures by CT and density measurements of the former brain parenchyma showed Hounsfield units in the range of mixed fatty tissue. In another case only an amorphous brain mass could be visualised.
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of orofacial orthopedics 59 (1998), S. 17-28 
    ISSN: 1615-6714
    Schlagwort(e): Lower wisdom tooth ; Computed tomography ; Panoramic radiography ; Space ratio ; Method of interpretation ; Unterkiefer-Weisheitszahn ; Computertomographie ; Panoramaschichtaufnahme ; Raumverhältnisse ; Auswertungsverfahren
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Von 13 Patienten standen je ein axial geschichtetes Computertomogramm (CT) des Unterkiefers und eine Panoramaschichtaufnahme (Orthophos, Programm P1) zur Verfügung. Die Platzverhältnisse für die Unterkieferweisheitszähne wurden in der P1-Aufnahme metrisch über die Quotientenbildung zweier Strecken bestimmt. Im CT wurden drei M3-Positionen unterschieden: der M3 lag vor dem Ramus mandibulae=ausreichendes Platzangebot, teilweise im Ramus=eingeschränktes Platzangebot, im kaudalen Abschnitt des Ramus=mangelhaftes Platzangebot. Diese M3-Positionen wurden den Weisheitszähnen in der P1-Aufnahme zugeordnet: in bezug zum Ramus und in bezug auf das Lot (L) (eine Vertikale zur Okklusionslinie im projektorischen Schnittpunkt des vorderen Ramusrandes mit dem Schatten der Crista temporalis). Am CT wurde zudem die mesiale Rotation der M3 gemessen und die Beziehung der M3 zu den umgebenden Knochenstrukturen beschrieben. Der Vergleich zwischen CT-Befund und dem Quotienten zeigte, daß für Weisheitszähne mit einem retromolaren Platzangebot im Quotientenbereich über 50% bis unter 100% jede der drei Weisheitszahnpositionen im CT vorkam. Beim Vergleich der M3-Befunde in bezug auf die Ramusüberprojektion in der P1-Aufnahme mit der Beurteilung im CT stimmten 60% der M3 mit dem CT-Befund überein. Wurde der M3 in bezug auf das Lot beurteilt, so erhöhten sich die mit dem CT übereinstimmenden Befunde auf 76%. Diese Befunde sowie die in der P1-Aufnahme nicht erkennbare Mesialrotation der M3 und ihre unterschiedliche Beziehung zur knöchernen Umgebungsstruktur ergaben neue Aspekte, die möglicherweise die M3-Durchbruchsprognose beeinflussen. Die dreidimensionale Betrachtungsweise mit dem CT bietet neue Möglichkeiten für weitere Untersuchungen der M3-Problematik.
    Notizen: Summary From 13 patients a computed tomograph (CT-scan) and a panoramic radiograph (Orthophos, program 1, P1) were examined with respect to the spatial conditions of the lower wisdom teeth. In the panoramic radiograph the available space for the third molars of the lower jaw was determined by calculating the ratio (Q) of 2 distances: the mesiodistal crown diameter and the retromolar space. In the axial CT 3 different positions of the third molar were distinguished: third molar located anterior to the ramus mandibulae=sufficient space, partially within the ramus=restricted space, totally within the ramus=deficient space. These positions were compared with the findings in the panoramic radiograph, firstly in relation to the ramus and secondly in relation to a line (L) perpendicular to the occlusal plane at the intersection of the anterior border of the ramus and the crista temporalis. Furthermore, the mesial rotation of the third molar was measured and the relation of the bony structures surrounding the teeth were described. Comparison of the CT results with the quotients of the P1 showed that, for those wisdom teeth molars with an available space above 50% to under 100%, any of the 3 CT gradings was found. Assessing the projection of the ramus over the third molar as seen in the P1, 60% of the P1- and CT-results corresponded. The relation between the line L and the third molar showed coincidence in 76% of all cases. These results and the mesial rotation of the wisdom teeth as well as their different relation to the bony environment are possibly important factors concerning their eruption prognosis. The three-dimensional CT-scan gives new posibilities for further investigations of third-molar problems.
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  • 60
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Lymphoma staging ; Computed tomography ; Whole-body positron emission tomography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whole-body positron emission tomography (WB-PET) as a staging modality in Hodgkin’s disease (HD) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and to compare it with computed tomography (CT) in a retrospective study. Seventy-one WB-PET studies using fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and 49 CT examinations were performed in 19 women and 31 men. Transaxial images were acquired and reformatted coronally and sagittally in PET. CT sections were obtained from the skull base to the pelvic floor. The written reports of the imaging data were compared with a reference standard constructed on the basis of all the data on the individual patients, including clinical follow-up of at least 6 months. The sensitivity and specificity of PET were, respectively, 86% and 96% for HD (n=53), and 89% and 100% for NHL (n=18). For CT sensitivity and specificity were 81% and 41% for HD (n=33) and 86% and 67% for NHL (n=16). Differences between PET and CT sensitivities were not significant, while in HD there was a significant difference in the specificity of PET and CT examinations, mainly because CT was unable to distinguish between active or recurrent disease and residual scar tissue after therapy. FDG tumour uptake was found in high- as well as low-grade NHL patients. In conclusion, PET appears to be highly sensitive and specific for staging of lymphoma. It is at least as sensitive as CT, and more specific, particularly in patients undergoing restaging, where a well-recognized diagnostic dilemma in CT is the presence of a post-therapeutic residual mass.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 61
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Accessory hepatic lobe ; Torsion ; Ultrasonography ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract A case of acute epigastric pain resulting from torsion of an accessory hepatic lobe is reported. Sonographic, computerized tomographic, and magnetic resonance findings are illustrated and the surgical management is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neurosurgical review 21 (1998), S. 52-57 
    ISSN: 1437-2320
    Schlagwort(e): Computed tomography ; extradural hematoma ; posterior fossa ; skull fracture
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Fourteen cases of an extradural hematoma of the posterior fossa (EDHPF), are presented and the clinical and radiological findings are described. The onset of symptoms was acute in 10 patients and subacute in the other 4. Hematomas occurred in the younger age groups with a clear male predominance. Nine cases had suffered a blow to the head. A fracture of the occipital bone was seen in 86% of the patients. The bleeder could be identified in 10 cases, and in 6 of these the source was a bleeding transverse sinus. The overall mortality was 14.2%, but only patients with an acute course died (20%). All subacute cases survived. This study revealed that the most important factors influencing mortality were late diagnosis and late treatment. Coexisting intracranial lesions had no influence on mortality. According to the literature, there has been a certain decrease in mortality in the acute and subacute course patients since the introduction of computed tomography (CT) scanning. Emphasis is placed on the importance of occipital soft-tissue swelling and occipital fracture as clues to the possible presence of extradural hematomas, and of using the CT in all such patients even if no clinical symptoms are present.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 63
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Schlagwort(e): Schlüsselwörter Fibrinolyse ; Intrazerebrale Blutung ; CT ; Kontrastmittel ; Komplikation ; Key words Fibrinolysis ; Cerebral hemorrhage ; Computed tomography ; Contrast medium ; Complications
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 64
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Technetium-99m galactosyl human serum albumin ; Hepatic functional reserve ; Hepatic resectability ; Occlusion of the unilateral portal vein ; Computed tomography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. It is extremely important to have a good grasp of the acceptable limit of hepatectomy before operation because postoperative liver failure can take a fatal course; however, baseline data on the limit of hepatectomy have not been clearly defined. We therefore evaluated and compared the predicted remnant liver function obtained by computed tomography(CT) and technetium-99m diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid-galactosyl human serum albumin (99mTc-GSA) liver scintigraphy in order to obtain precise data regarding remnant liver function before hepatectomy. We investigated 20 patients undergoing hepatectomy using the clearance rate of indocyanine green (KICG) as a parameter, and compared the predicted postoperative KICG obtained by CT and by transaxial single-photon emission tomographic (SPET) images acquired by 99mTc GSA liver scintigraphy before hepatectomy. In GSA studies, based on time-activity curves for the heart and liver, we compared HH15 (heart activity at 15 min divided by heart activity at 3 min), LHL15 (liver activcity at 15 min divided by heart plus liver activity at 15 min) and KL (obtained from the time-activity curve for the liver) in 103 patients. In 58 patients without increased serum bilirubin, KL was compared with KICG. In four patients, occlusion of the right portal vein was performed with the aim of carrying out secondary hepatectomy, and changes in liver volume were compared between CT and 99mTc GSA liver scintigraphy. The correlation coefficient between the postoperative KICG predicted by CT and the actual postoperative KICG was rather poor, at r = 0.569 (P〈0.05); that between the postoperative KICG predicted by 99mTc GSA liver scintigraphy and the actual postoperative KICG was good, at r = 0.788 (P〈0.01); correlations between KL and HH15 and between KL and LHL15 in 103 patients were very good or good, at r = 0.906 (P〈0.001) and r = 0.807 (P〈0.001), respectively, and that between KL and KICG in 58 patients was very good, at r = 0.916 (P〈0.001). In all four cases of right portal vein occlusion, the remnant liver volume ratio was markedly increased after occlusion in GSA compared with CT, and the postoperative KICG predicted by GSA after occlusion was closer to the actual postoperative KICG than that predicted by CT. It is concluded that 99mTc GSA liver scintigraphy is useful for predicting remnant liver function before hepatectomy and for evaluating changes in regional liver function after occlusion of the portal vein unilaterally.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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