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  • 1985-1989  (3,346)
  • 1988  (3,346)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (3,199)
  • Genetics  (147)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 147 (1988), S. 550-552 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Pterygium syndrome ; Congenital malformations ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We present two brothers with Multiple Pterygium Syndrome type Escobar. Characteristic findings in this autosomal recessively inherited pterygium syndrome are, in addition to multiple pterygia, short stature, cleft palate, vertebral fusion defects and minor facial anomalies. The adult height in the two male siblings was below the third centile. Secondary sexual development and testicular size were normal, in contrast with the cryptorchidism and pubertal delay documented in most young patients.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Genetics ; Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes ; insulin receptor ; linkage analysis ; maturity onset diabetes of the young
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The possibility of linkage between the human insulin receptor gene locus and diabetes was examined in three Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic families and one family with maturity onset diabetes of the young. Insulin receptor gene haplotypes were established using BglII, Rsal and Sstl restriction enzyme digests of genomic DNA from all available family members. The digested DNA was subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis, Southern blotted, and hybridised to 32P-labelled human insulin receptor gene cDNA. In the pedigree with maturity onset diabetes of the young, formal linkage analysis allowed exclusion of close linkage between the insulin receptor locus and diabetes (logarithm of the odds for linkage versus non-linkage was −5.35 at recombination fraction of 0.01). This confirms the absence of linkage between insulin receptor and diabetes which has been reported in two similar pedigrees. In the three Type 2 diabetic families there were a minimum of 4 recombinants between the insulin receptor locus and diabetes, which makes a direct role for insulin receptor defects unlikely. The importance of using realistic estimates of penetrance when performing linkage analysis in a disease with a late age of onset is emphasised. In contrast to the one previous linkage analysis study of the insulin receptor gene, no specific association of diabetes with the rare Sstl Sl(-) allele was observed in either the maturity onset diabetes of the young or the Type 2 diabetic families.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 31 (1988), S. 407-414 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Genetics ; Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes ; linkage analysis ; restriction fragment length polymorphism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the last five years, genetic markers for a large number of diseases have been localised using linkage analysis of DNA polymorphisms in affected families. The site of the genetic defect or defects leading to Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus, a common illness with a major genetic component, remains unknown. This is due, at least in part, to the lack of large well-defined Type 2 diabetic pedigrees suitable for linkage analysis. There are several features of the disease which make large pedigrees difficult to find. The late age of onset of most probands means that informative older generations are often dead, while there is difficulty in detecting disease in younger generations. The diagnostic criteria for diabetes are, as yet, dependent on an arbitrary cut-off along a continuum of plasma glucose. The high prevalence of the disease may also produce problems as, in any given family, diabetogenic genes may be contributed by more than one parent. Varieties of the disease with a well-defined inheritance, such as maturity onset diabetes of youth, are more suitable for linkage analysis but might be due to defects at a different gene locus. Despite these difficulties, once large well-defined pedigrees have been found, linkage analysis using both candidate genes and random highly polymorphic markers is the strategy most likely to find genetic markers for the disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 237 (1988), S. 244-252 
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: EEG ; Genetics ; MZ/DZ twins reared apart ; Within-pair similarity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Within the broader context of our investigations into the heredity of the human EEG, we analysed the EEGs of 28 pairs of monozygotic and 21 pairs of dizygotic twins who were separated as infants and reared apart. The principal goal of this study was to determine the degree to which environmental factors possibly influence the development of a person's EEG. Monozygotic twins reared apart were, with respect to their EEGs, only slightly less similar to each other (if there is any difference at all) than the same person is to himself over time. For dizygotic twins reared apart, we verified the findings of our previous study, namely, that the average within-pair similarity of EEGs estimated from a sufficiently representative sample of fraternal twins was significantly higher than the average inter-individual similarity of EEGs obtained from unrelated persons. The results on both monozygotic and dizygotic twins, yielded conclusive proof that the individual EEG pattern is predominantly determined by hereditary factors.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 235 (1988), S. 366-367 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome ; Twin study ; Computed tomography ; Clinical neurophysiology ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A 19-year-old male twin pair were concordant for suffering from Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome in different forms and severity. CT revealed ventricular asymmetries of varying degree within the normal range and there were no neurophysiological abnormalities. The interrelationship of genetic and environmental factors in phenotyping the syndrome is discussed.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 235 (1988), S. 422-424 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Epidemiology ; Genetics ; Hereditary motor neuropathy ; Spinal muscular atrophy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A 4-year-search for spinal muscular atrophies (hereditary motor neuropathies, HMN) in Benghazi, Libya, yielded a total of 24 patients, among whom 18 were index cases. This group comprised 6 acute infantile, 12 chronic childhood, and 3 each with adult-onset proximal, and distal forms of the disorder. Distal HMN constituted 12.5% of the total cases. The crude average annual incidence of acute infantile HMN was 0.3/100,000 total population and 1/12,500 births in Benghazi. The crude prevalence rates of chronic childhood, adult-onset proximal, and distal types of HMN were 2.3, 0.6, and 0.6/100,000 respectively. The segregation ratios, 0.26 for acute infantile HMN and 0.24 for chronic childhood HMN, suggested autosomal recessive inheritance. The consanguinity rates among parents of cases and the population did not differ significantly.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Genetics ; Hepatitis-B virus ; Immunogenetics ; Vaccination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The variation in immune responses to standard inoculation of the hepatitis-B virus vaccine suggest that host factors influence response in ways that are not presently understood. We studied 25 low/nonresponding health care workers (anti-HBs titer 〈50 IU/l) after the third inoculation of an experimental hepatitis-B vaccine to determine their immune status (through lymphocyte phenotypes) and HLA type. After application of a fourth inoculation, the seroconverting subjects showed only low anti-HBs levels; three male subjects remained anti-HBs negative. Twelve months after the fourth inoculation only 9 of 25 subjects (36%) maintained anti-HBs titer 〉10 IU/l. Almost all subjects had normal B-cell and CD-4 and CD-8 counts and ratios. Relative to other European populations HLA-A-10 (P〈0.05), B-12 (P〈0.025), CW-5 (P〈0.05), DR-3 (P〈0.025), and DR-5 (P〈0.025) were increased, whereas DR-2 (P〈0.05) was decreased. However, after correction of theP-values for the number of HLA antigens determined, these differences were no longer significant. Furthermore, these HLA types were not the same as those reported in other studies (except for DR-3). We suggest that larger sample sizes or even not yet available immunogenetic markers will be required to prove an “immunogenetic background” in low/nonresponders, if it exists.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
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    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 95 (1988), S. 237-244 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Morphine ; Etonitazene ; Genetics ; Mice ; Taste ; Saccharine ; Gender
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mouse strains have been characterized as morphine preferrers and avoiders, respectively (Horowitz et al. 1977). Previously, sweetened morphine solutions were presented with a water alternative, primarily with male subjects. Because sweetness may affect the endogenous opioid system and rodents have shown strain and sex differences in taste preferences, this study looked for strain- and gender-related taste preferences that might have affected opiate consumption. Preference for sweetened and unsweetened morphine and etonitazene was compared across gender and strain. In all choice tests, the control was a similar tasting quinine sulphate solution. Under these conditions, C57BL/6J mice continued to show strong preference for morphine. However, DBA/2J mice drank approximately equal amounts of morphine and quinine solutions, rather than avoiding morphine as when water was the alternative. Both strains appeared surprisingly indifferent to the synthetic opioid etonitazene, compared because it is potent at concentrations having barely perceptible bitterness. This raises the possibility of unexpected differences in post-ingestional effects between morphine and etonitazene. Contrary to reports of gender differences in sweet preference in rats, none were found in either strain of mouse. Neither were there any significant sex differences in opiate preference in either strain. C57 mice preferred sweetness more than did DBA mice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
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    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 2 (1988), S. 239-243 
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Cockayne syndrome ; Renal histology ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two siblings with typical features of the Cockayne syndrome were studied at autopsy. Many glomeruli revealed a paucity of capillary loops and had thickened capillary walls. Some glomeruli with advanced lesions showed collapse of the glomerular tufts or complete hyalinization. Atrophy of tubules and interstitial fibrosis were also observed. There were no significant arteriosclerotic changes in the vessels. Ultrastructural studies demonstrated thickened glomerular basement membranes with bends and folds. These histopathological findings are different to those previously reported with the exception of the 1966 report by Ohno and Hirooka.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Ornithine decarboxylase ; Chicken ; Muscle ; Genetics ; Growth differences
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Little is known about the biochemical correlates of selection for growth in farm or laboratory animals, or the identity of the gene products affected or produced by ‘trait-genes’. Modern broiler chickens have about 8-fold greater breast muscle mass than layer chickens at 7 weeks of age and over 2-fold greater breast muscle mass than their 1972 counterparts. This increase in muscle mass is associated with over 20-fold higher levels of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) in broiler chickens at 1 week of age as compared with layer strain chickens; there is a comparable increase in a relaxed-selection strain of broilers. The increase in ODC levels is larger than the differences in muscle or body weight between broilers and layers at 7 weeks of age, occurs at an age when there is no difference in weights between the strains and precedes the major growth spurt. Increases in ODC levels and hence polyamine synthesis have been associated with, and usually precede, rapid growth and cell proliferation in a wide range of cell types and organisms in response to many different stimuli. Therefore, the correlation of ODC levels with genetic differences in muscle growth make it worth investigating the control of ODC gene expression in these strains.
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  • 11
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Taxonomy ; Germplasm identification ; Varietal identity ; Environmental interaction ; Genetics ; Multivariate analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Separations of kafirin and alcohol soluble glutelin proteins by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) from 7 inbreds and one hybrid of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] and one source of Johnsongrass [Sorghum halapense (L.) Pers.] were compared. Objectives were to assess the stability of protein profiles for seed sources produced at different locations and in different environments to examine the potential of RP-HPLC to provide genotypic profiles for sorghum. Analyses of variance data showed that levels of variation due to environments and locations were small; the majority of variation (93%) was among genotypes. Associations among inbreds revealed by multivariate and cluster analysis showed similarity with those that would be expected on the basis of pedigree. A chi-square analysis showed no deviation in the hybrid profile from the expected 2∶1 ratio of peaks from the female and male inbred parents, respectively. Improvements in the ability to correctly assign common peaks are necessary before associations among numerous sorghum genotypes can be reliably demonstrated by analysis of data from reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 76 (1988), S. 405-410 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Zea mays ; Haploid induction ; Gynogenesis ; Genetics ; Inducer line
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The effect of genotype on maternal haploid plant production in maize was studied. The frequency of gynogenetic plants when “Stock 6” was used as pollinator varied according to the female parent genotype. No simple relation was observed between genotypic aptitudes for gynogenetic and androgenetic development, which occured after pollination of “W23” plant carrying the “indeterminate gametophyte” gene. Furthermore, the population NS, a favorably responsive genotype to anther culture, does not exhibit exceptional ability for in vivo gynogenesis. The effect of inbreeding and the influence of maternal haploid origin suggest that specific genes control maternal haploid initiation and development. However, gynogenetic development is not limited to a particular genotype. The frequency of maternal haploids may be increased by using specific pollen parents. Attempts were made to select for a high haploidyinducing trait and the present study reports the successful development of lines that can be utilized as pollen parents to induce haploids for experimental purposes and breeding programmes. When an inbred line “WS14”, derived from the cross W23 x Stock 6, was used as pollen parent, 2%–5% maternal haploids were obtained according to the female parent genotype. A high haploidy-inducing potential is a heritable trait and may be controlled by a limited number of genes. Genetic determination of the haploidy-inducing character was examined in relation to the efficiency of the selecting method and the mechanisms involved in the origin of maternal haploids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
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    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 94 (1988), S. 428-430 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Lithium ; Clonidine ; alpha2-Adrenoceptor ; Locomotor activity ; Genetics ; Mice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Four strains of mice (C57, BALB, DBA, C3H) were used to determine whether genetic factors influence the effects of lithium on hypoactivity induced by a low dose of the alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist clonidine (0.2 mg/kg). Lithium was administered in the diet for 3–4 weeks at a dosage that produced average serum lithium levels of 0.58–0.66 mmol/l. Locomotor activity was reduced by either clonidine or by lithium given alone. When combined, however, lithium attenuated the activity-suppressant effects of clonidine, and that action was influenced by genetic factors. The findings suggest that genetic differences in alpha2-adrenoceptors play a role in behavioural effects of lithium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Selective breeding ; Mouse ; Ethanol-stimulated activity ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Low doses of ethanol (EtOH) stimulate activity in an open field in many strains of laboratory mice. We are selectively breeding two lines of mice to exhibit a large (FAST) response on this test, and two other lines to exhibit a small (SLOW) response (Crabbe et al. 1987). The lines initially diverged in response to EtOH, but despite continued selection pressure, the difference between each pair of FAST and SLOW lines has not increased over generations as much as expected. Our practice has been to test animals on the 1st day after saline injection, and repeat the test after EtOH injection 24 h later. Lister (1987) recently demonstrated that the order in which an animal was exposed to EtOH and saline influenced the magnitude of the response to EtOH, with animals tested initially after EtOH having greater stimulation. Middaugh et al. (1987) recently demonstrated that the magnitude of EtOH stimulation was greater under conditions of relatively bright light than under dim light. Using non-selected Swiss mice, the current experiments essentially confirmed Lister's findings. Using FAST and SLOW mice, the predictions of both groups were tested. Both hypotheses were confirmed. Additionally, these experiments demonstrated that the magnitude of the difference between FAST and SLOW mice was greater under bright light than under dim light. The line difference was also greater when tested in the EtOH-Saline order. In experiments with Swiss mice, the possible role of peritoneal irritation in the EtOH effect was eliminated, and the optimal dose and time for demonstrating the effect was determined. These experiments confirm the importance of lighting condition, order of testing, dose, and route of administration in eliciting EtOH-stimulated open field activity in mice. They demonstrate a genotype-environment interaction, since the magnitude of difference between genetically selected lines varied as a function of the testing parameters chosen. Finally, they indicate that the differences between FAST and SLOW lines in sensitivity to EtOH generalizes to several environmental conditions. We interpret this to mean that the various EtOH-induced activation traits represented by these different environmental and testing conditions are genetically correlated.
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  • 15
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    Theoretical and applied genetics 75 (1988), S. 889-901 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Soybean ; Restriction fragment length polymorphism ; Genetics ; Allele ; Variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLP) have been identified between widely distant cultivars (‘Minsoy’ and ‘Noir 1 ’) of soybean Glycine max (L.) Merrill. Using as probes randomly chosen clones of DNA, one in five probes revealed a polymorphism. More than half of these polymorphisms appear to result from rearrangements of the genomic DNA. Twenty seven markers were analyzed for linkage in F2 plants. Eleven of these markers were contained in four linkage groups. Five cultivars were compared in a search for new alleles. When RFLP markers corresponding to low copy DNA were used to analyze three other cultivars — ‘Sooty’, ‘Forrest’ and ‘Mandarin (Ottawa)’ — few new alleles were found. Using these probes, five different markers could be used to differentiate the five cultivars. Complex probes, which correspond to repeated DNA, revealed different polymorphisms in different cultivars and a single such probe could be used to distinguish the five cultivars from each other.
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  • 16
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 44 (1988), S. 491-495 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Genetics ; stress ; emotionality ; locus ceruleus ; Maudsley strains
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The Maudsley Reactive and Non-Reactive strains have been developed as a model for the study of individual variations in stress-reactivity, and many differences in biobehavioral systems have been found between them. This review discusses limitations of the ‘emotionality’ construct in accounting for differences between the Maudsley strains and offers an alternative, theoretical approach. Amaral and Sinnamon have proposed that the locus ceruleus (LC) plays a stress-attenuating role in mediating behavioral, physiological and neuroendocrine response to prepotent, emergency-provoking stimuli and, building upon this formulation, it is proposed that the LC has been an important focus for gene action in the Maudsley model. It is suggested that the LC of the Non-Reactive strain is more strongly activated by stressful stimuli than the LC of Reactive rats, and is the basis of many of the behavioral and physiological differences between them. Behavioral and biochemical evidence consistent with this proposition is reviewed. Identification of the LC as a target for gene-action in the Maudsley model has an important advantage. It substitutes variations at a specific anatomic location in the brain for a loosely defined construct like emotionality, and the hypothesis is amenable to empirical tests by a variety of experimental approaches.
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  • 17
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 90-97 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Erfahrungen mit ferritischen und austenitischen Stählen sowie hochlegierten Werkstoffen für überhitzer, insbesondere Zwischenüberhitzer kohlebefeuerter DampferzeugerDas Verhalten von Überhitzer- bzw. Zwischenüberhitzerrohren in kohlebefeuerten Anlagen aus ferritischen und austenitischen Stählen gegenüber Hochtemperatur-Korrosion ist in der Vergangenheit Gegenstand verschiedener Untersuchungen gewesen. Durch den Einsatz des Stahles X 20 CrMo V 12 1 in den 60er Jahren glaubte man, ein gegen Hochtemperaturkorrosion beständiges Material gefunden zu haben. Aber schon nach 60 000 Betriebsstunden traten erste Rohrreisser auf. Infolge der Veränderungen auf dem Brennstoffsektor Anfang der 60er Jahre schwand das Interesse and der Lösung dieses Problems um mit der Energiekrise wieder an Aktualität-zu gewinnen.In England und in den Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika hatte man schon vor mehr als 20 Jahren mit der Entwicklung von Rohrwerkstoffen mit verbesserter Beständigkeit gegen Hochtemperaturkorrosion begonnen. So kamen z. B. Verbundrohre, die aus einem warmfesten Kernrohr aus Incoloy 800 H und einem Außenrohr aus Inconel 671 bestehen, zum Einsatz. Sie haben sich in kohlebefeuerten Anlagen ausgezeichnet bewährt. Von der Deutschen Babcockwerke AG wurde vorgeschlagen, ein derartiges Rohr versuchsweise in Kessel 14, Block 3, des Großkraftwerkes Mannheim einzubauen. Das Versuchsrohr war mit X 20 CrMoV 12 1 vorgeschuht, so daß ein unmittelbarer Vergleich beider Rohrwerkstoffe möglich ist. Nach rund 22 000 Betriebsstunden wurde das Rohr zur Untersuchung ausgebaut. Der Abtrag bzw. der Korrosionsangriff war äußerst gering. Hierüber und über die Gefügeveränderung im Werkstoff wird berichtet.
    Notes: In the past the performance of superheater and reheater tubes in coal-fired systems manufactured of ferritic and austenitic steels with respect to high-temperature corrosion has been the subject of various studies. After having adopted the steel X20 CrMo V 12 1 in the sixties the assumption was to have found a high-temperature corrosion resistant material. But already after 60,000 operating hours first tube failures occurred. As a result of the changes in fuel application at the beginning of the sixties interest in solving this problem faded, only to regain significance after the energy crisis.Already more than 20 years ago in England and the United States of America the development of tube materials having an upgraded corrosion resistance had started. Thus, e.g. compound tubes consisting of a creep-resistant tube core made of Incoloy 800 H and a cladding tube of Inconel 671 were introduced. They exhibited excellent characteristics in coal-fired units. Deutsche Babcock AG suggested to install, for test purposes, such a tube in Boiler 14, Unit 3 of Grosskraftwerk Mannheim. The test tube had safe ends of X 20 CrMO V 12 1, thus allowing a direct comparison of the two tube materials. After 22, 000 operating hours the tube was removed for examination. Wall reduction and corrosion damage was found to be extremely small.The paper will discuss this finding and the microstructure modifications in the material.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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  • 18
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 177-178 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 19
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 213-242 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 20
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 114-114 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 21
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 249-267 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 22
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 23
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 180-183 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 24
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 183-183 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 25
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. R27 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 26
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. R24 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 27
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. R34 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. R40 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 29
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. R90 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 30
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. R96 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. R43 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 32
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988) 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 33
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 184-184 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 34
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988) 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 35
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 280-282 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Einfluß der Temperatur auf das elektrochemische Korrosionsverhalten von TitanDer Einfluß der Temperatur auf die elektrochemischen Korrosionseigenschaften des handelsüblichen VT 1-0 Titans wurde in 1 mol/dm3 Schwefelsäure-Lösungen im Temperaturbereich 293-353 K untersucht. Die elektrochemischen Messungen wurden mittels galvanostatischer und quasi-potentiostatischer Polarisationsmethoden durchgeführt. Die Korrosionsgeschwindigkeiten wurden auch aufgrund des Massenverlustes bestimmt. Die Steilheit der aus den galvanostatischen Polarisationsmessungen erhaltenen kathodischen Tafel-Geraden ändert sich anomalerweise mit der Temperatur. Aus den Massenverlustdaten berechnete Korrosionsgeschwindigkeiten haben eine größere Temperaturabhängigkeit als diejenigen, die mit der Polarisationsmethode bestimmt wurden, aus auf eine Selbstauflösung hinweist.Die Ergebnisse wurden der Anwesenheit einer Hydridschicht zugeschrieben. In dieser Schicht nimmt das Wasserstoff/Titan-Verhältnis mit der steigenden Temperatur zu. Das Titanhydrid spielt eine entscheidende Rolle sowohl in der Wasserstoffentwicklung als auch in der Selbstauflösung.
    Notes: The influence of variations in temperature on the electrochemical corrosion properties of VT 1-0 commercial titanium was studied in deaerated 1 mol/dm3 sulphuric acid between 293 and 353 K. Galvanostatic and quasi-potentiostatic polarization measurements were carried out. Corrosion rates were determined by mass loss measurements, too. The slopes of the cathodic Tafel-like lines obtained with galvanostatic polarization change anomalously with temperature. The corrosion rates calculated from the mass loss data increase with increasing temperature at a higher rate than those determined with the polarization method, pointing to a self-dissolution process. The results are attributed to a hydride layer with a H/Ti ratio increasing with temperature. Titanium hydride may play a dominant role both in the hydrogen evolution reaction and in the self-dissolution process.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 36
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigation of corrosion in the development of decontamination solutions for nuclear systems - Part II: The corrosion behaviour of several nuclear materials in fluoride containing, complex forming acid solutionsBecause of their capability to dissolve the radionuclide-containing oxide layers on nickel-chromium alloys, aqueous solutions of fluorboric acid, silicofluoric acid, and potassium silico-fluoride are suitable for decontaminating high temperature gas turbine materials. In these solutions, the nickel-chromium alloy Nimocast 713 LC as well as the molybdenum alloy TZM as turbine blade materials are only slightly corroded without pitting corrosion. However, they cause heavy pitting corrosion on the mild steel 21 CrMoV 5 11 of the turbine rotor. Though the extensive corrosion rates of the mild steel can be reduced by up to two orders of magnitude by adding suitable, solution specific inhibitors to the solutions, the formation of pits is not completely avoidable.
    Notes: Zur Dekontamination von Hochtemperatur-Gasturbinen-Werkstoffen eignen sich wäßrige Lösungen von Fluorborsäure, Hexafluorkieselsäure und Kaliumiluorosilicat, weil sie die radionuklidhaltigen oxidischen Oberflächenschichten auf Nickel-Chrom-Legierungen zu lösen vermögen. In diesen Lösungen tritt an der Nickel-Chrom-Legierung Nimocast 713 LC und an der Molybdänlegierung TZM als Turbinenschaufelwerkstoffe bei nur geringen Massenverlustraten keine Lochkorrosion auf. An dem niedriglegierten Stahl 21 CrMoV 5 11 als Turbinenrotorwerkstoff verursachen diese Lösungen jedoch starke Lochkorrosion. Obwohl die beträchtlichen Massenverlustraten am niedriglegierten Stahl durch geeignete lösungsspezifische Inhibitoren um bis zu zwei Größenordnungen herabgesetzt werden können, läßt sich die Lochbildung nicht ganz vermeiden.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 37
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988) 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 38
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. R18 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 39
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 43-44 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 40
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 369-378 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Calculation of crack growth in welded specimens under seawater conditions in order to predict fatigue life of offshore componentsWelded components in the offshore field generally are designed that no cracks should occur. Under cyclic loading cracks must be taken in account, yet.In the research work described a suitable calculation method had to be proved to predict the crack growth behaviour of offshore components in seawater and under service-like conditions.Using Paris' law the crack growth behaviour of specimens which are similar to the component (welded V-shape specimens) may be predicted quite well in air, free corrosion, under cathodic protection (-860 mV Ag/AgCl) and under a variable load sequence.The use of Wheeler's model including crack retardation yielded in a significant higher crack propagation life and therefore unconservative predictions of fatigue life.
    Notes: Geschweißte Bauteile im Offshore-Bereich werden zwar prinzipiell so dimensioniert, daß keine Risse auftreten sollten, unter schwingender Beanspruchung muß aber dennoch mit Anrissen gerechnet werden.Ziel des vorliegenden Forschungsvorhabens war, ein geeignetes Rechenverfahren für das Rißfortschrittsverhalten von Bauteilen aus Offshore-Stählen im Meerwasser und unter betriebsähnlichen Belastungen zu überprüfen.Mit der Rißfortschrittsmethode nach Paris läßt sich das Rißfortschrittsverhalten von bauteilähnlichen Proben (geschweißte Winkelproben) unter einer betriebsähnlichen Lastfolge an Luft, bei freier Korrosion und bei kathodischem Schutz (-860 mV Ag/AgCl) relativ genau vorhersagen.Die Verwendung des Wheeler-Modells mit Rißverzögerung führte zu einer deutlich höheren Rißfortschrittslebensdauer und damit zu Vorhersagen auf der unsicheren Seite.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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  • 41
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 48-54 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Feuerseitige Korrosion in Kesseln von niederländischen ElektrizitätswerkenIm Jahre 1990 soll mehr als 50% der Elektrizität in den Niederlanden in Kohlekraftwerken erzeugt werden. Dabei führt die feuerseitige Korrosion zu einer zwar geringen, jedoch vom wirtschaftlichen Standpunkt nicht zu vernachlässigenden Nichtverfügbarkeit der Anlagen. Zur Verhinderung dieser Schäden werden Maßnahmen auf den Gebieten Werkstoffe, Zusatzstoffe und Mischen von Kohle getroffen. Um das Jahr 1980 hatte Schweröl einen beträchtlichen Anteil (40%) an der Energieerzeugung: die aus dieser Zeit stammenden Erfahrungen mit Korrosion und Zusatzstoffen werden zusammenfassend behandelt. Um die Gesamtwirkungsgrade zu verbessern, wurden Untersuchungen mit neuen, coextrudierten Werkstoffen unter scharfen Korrosionsbedingungen durchgeführt; in diesem Zusammenhang wurde auch das Kriechverhalten bei hohen Temperaturen untersucht. Außerdem laufen Untersuchungen über den Einfluß von Verbrennungstechniken mit niedriger Stickoxidbildung auf die Korrosion der wasserseitigen Rohre und auf dem Gebiet der IGCC-Anlagen.
    Notes: In 1990 the electricity in the Netherlands will be generated for more than 50% with coal as fuel. Fireside corrosion causes a minor, but from an economic point of view not negligible, contribution to unforseen plant unavailability. Measures are taken concerning materials, additives and coal blending. Around 1980 heavy oil had an essential (40%) part in the power generation: experiences with corrosion and additives from that period are summarized. Research has been carried out with new coextruded materials under severe corrosion conditions in order to improve the overall unit efficiency. Creep tests at elevated temperatures have been performed in connection to this. Furthermore research is going on concerning the effects of low NOx burning techniques (on the corrosion behaviour of waterwall tubes) and in the field of IGCC-plants.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 42
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 379-384 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Korrosionsverhalten der Aluminiumlegierung AA 6351 in bei höheren Temperaturen abgebauten Glykol/Wasser-LösungenEin Forschungsprogramm wurde aufgestellt, um das Korrosionsverhalten der in Solarkollektrosystemen vorwiegend verwendeten Metalle zu ermitteln. Die üblichen Wärmeträssigkeiten, wie wäßrige Glykollösungen, sind wenig aggressiv, solange sie nicht verschmutzt oder durch Einwirkung höherer Temperaturen zersetzt wurden.Die vorliegende Arbeit behandelt das Korrosionsverhalten der Aluminiumlegierung 6351 (Richtanalyse (%) 1 Si, 0,6 Mg, 0,3 Mn, Rest Al) in Ethylenglykol/- oder Propylenglykol/Wasser-Lösungen (1:1 Vol.) nach Abbau bei 108°C in Kontakt mit der als Katalysator der oxidativen Zersetzung von Glykol wirkenden Legierung AA 6351.Die in dieser Lösung bei 80°C und einer Versuchsdauer von 60 Tagen durchgeführten Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, daß durch den thermischen Abbau die Geschwindigkeit der ebenmäßigen Korrosion erhöht wird und außerdem beträchtliche Lochkorrosion auftritt. Die Lochkorrosion kann vor allem der Wirkung der Kupferionen zugeschrieben werden, die bei der Auflösung des Aluminiums entstehen und in der Lösung mittels Atomadsorptionsspektroskopie nachgewiesen werden können.In Zusammenhang mit den Abbauversuchen wurden auch Versuche in gepufferter Ethylenglykol/Wasser-Lösung (pH 4) bei 80°C durchgeführt, wobei der Lösung gezielt Säuren zugesetzt wurden, die bei der oxidativen Zersetzung von Glykol entstehen (Oxal-, Glykol-, Essig- und Ameisensäure); die Konzentrationen betrugen 10-3 oder 10-2 M.In diesen Lösungen wurde das Korrosionsverhalten von AA 6351 30 Tage lang untersucht, wobei die Gewichtsverluste und der Polarisationswiderstand gemessen und nach zwei Stunden bzw. 30 Tagen Polarisationskurven aufgenommen wurden.Nur Oxalsäure und 10-2 M Glykolsäure führten dabei zu einer Erhöhung der Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit, das jedoch nur in der Anfangszeit der Versuche. Sobald in Lösungen mit diesen Säuren Deckschichten entstanden waren, boten diese sehr guten Schutz.Das Verhalten von AA 6351 in Lösungen mit Oxal- und Glykolsäure ist demnach damit zu erklären, daß keine unlöslichen Aluminiumsalze der organischen Säuren entstehen, sondern vielmehr ein Oxidfilm mit spezifischer Dichte und hohem Schutzvermögen.
    Notes: A research programme has been developed to characterize the corrosion behaviour of the metals most widely used in solar collector systems.Common heat transfer fluids such as glycol/water solutions show a low aggressivity, unless pollution or high temperature exposure (degradation) occur.This paper deals with the study of the corrosion behaviour of the aluminium alloy 6351 (nominal composition: 1% Si, 0.6%Mg, 0.3% Mn, the balance Al) in ethylene or propylene glycol (EG or PG)/water solutions (1:1 in volume) degraded at 108°C in contact with AA 6351 as glycol oxidative degradation catalyzer.The tests in degraded solutions, performed at 80°C over a period of 60 days, showed that degradation causes an increase in the uniform corrosion rates and a remarkable pitting attack.Pitting corrosion has been mainly attributed to the action of copper ions dissolved from the aluminium alloy and detected in the solutions by atomic adsorption analysis.In conjunction with the degradation studies, tests were also performed at 80°C in buffered PG/water solutions (pH 4) containing the acids reported to be produced during the process of glycol oxidative degradation (oxalic, glycolic, acetic and formic acids), at the concentrations 10-3 or 10-2 M.In these solutions the corrosion behaviour of AA 6351 was investigated over a period of 30 days by measuring the gravimetric corrosion rates and the polarization resistance values and by recording the polarization curves after 2 h or 30 days of immersion.Only oxalic acid and 10-2 M glycolic acid significantly increased the AA 6351 corrosion rates, but only in the first period of immersion. On the contrary, when the surface films were formed in the solutions of these acids, they afforded the highest protectivity.The analogous behaviour of AA 6351 in oxalic and glycolic solutions has not been attributed to the formation of an insoluble aluminium salt film with the organic anions, but rather to the growth of an oxide film with peculiar characteristics of thickness and protectivity.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 400-400 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. R99 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. R102 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. R108 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. R111 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. R139 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. R144 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 440-440 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 53
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 54
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 453-462 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Einfluß von Phosphor auf die Stabilität des passiven Zustands von metallischen Gläsern basierend auf Fe und Fe-NiFür metallische Gläser basierend auf Fe und Fe-Ni wurde der Einfluß einer Substitution von B durch P untersucht. Die elektrochemischen Messungen haben gezeigt, daß der Austausch von B gegen P die Bildung von Passivschichten begünstigt und deren passiven Bereich stabilisiert. Oberflächenanalytische Untersuchungen mittels AES ergaben, daß für die auf Fe-Ni basierenden Gläser die Hauptbestandteile der Passivschicht Eisenoxide, Phosphor-Sauerstoff Spezies (meistens Phosphate) und Boroxid waren, während Nickeloxid praktisch nicht auftrat. Bezüglich der Phosphorverbindungen in der Passivschicht auf dem metallischen Substrat konnte eine gewisse Ähnlichkeit festgestellt werden mit Phosphor, der auf einer (100) orientierten Fe Einkristalloberfläche durch Segregation bei erhöhter Probentemperatur angereichert und anschließend oxidiert worden war. Darüber hinaus lassen die Ergebnisse, in Übereinstimmung mit früheren Befunden für kristallines Fe, vermuten, daß Bestandteile des Elektrolyten in den Passivfilm auf dem glasartigen Substrat inkorporiert werden.
    Notes: The effects of substituting P for B in Fe base and Fe-Ni base glasses have been investigated. The electrochemical measurements have shown that a substitution of B by P increases the ability of the alloys to passivate and stability of their passive state. Surface analysis with AES revealed that for Fe-Ni base glasses the main constituents of the passive film were: iron oxides, phosphorus-oxygen species (mostly phosphates) and boron oxide whereas Ni oxides were depleted. There was a certain similarity between the Auger spectra for phosphorus in the passive film on the glassy substrate and for segregated, and subsequently oxidized, phosphorus on a (100) oriented Fe single crystal. The results suggest, moreover, in agreement with the previous findings for crystalline Fe that the electrolyte components are incorporated into the passivating film on glassy substrates.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 412-416 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: A new way to improve corrosion protection layers on steel exposed to hot waterThe corrosion of steels in hot water is self-stifled by the formation of oxide films. In cooling circuits of pressurized water reactors the residual corrosion is still high enough to produce radioactive corrosion products to such a degree as to complicate operations. A further lowering of the corrosion rate demands a more effective inhibition of the transport of corrosion reactants through the film. A closer investigation of the transport paths discussed so far showed that diffusion through water-filled pores dominates. It is postulated that the whole oxide layer forms by means of a combined mechanism of solution and deposition whereby pores are defined as interstices between the growing crystals. On the whole, an increase in the corrosion-protective value of the film is linked with a decrease in its porosity. This is attainable if, in the initial phase of the film growth, the corrosive environment contains titanium or zirconium compounds originating hydrous oxides fit for deposition upon the materials surface in subcolloidal dispersion. The resulting hindrance of the growth of oxide crystals leads to the formation of thin, apparently amorphous films having improved corrosion-protective properties.
    Notes: Die Heißwasserkorrosion von Stählen unterliegt der Selbsthemmung durch die Entstehung oxidischer Deckschichten. In Kühlkreisläufen von Druckwasserreaktoren ist die Restkorrosionsrate aber noch hoch genug, um radioaktive Korrosionsprodukte in einem betriebsstörenden Maße entstehen zu lassen. Die weitergehende Senkung der Korrosionsrate verlangt eine noch stärkere Hemmung des Transports von Reaktanten des Korrosionsprozesses durch die Deckschicht. Bei der näheren Untersuchung der bisher diskutierten Transportwege wurde die Dominanz der Diffusion durch wassergefüllte Poren erkannt. Es wird postuliert, daß die gesamte Oxidschicht nach einem Lösungs-Fällungs-Mechanismus entsteht, wobei als Poren die Lücken zwischen den sich bildenden Kristalliten definiert werden. Die Erhöhung des Korrosionsschutzwertes der Deckschicht ist nach alledem an die Verminderung ihrer Porosität gebunden. Dieses Ziel wird erreicht, wenn das Korrosionsmedium in der Anfangsphase der Schichtbildung Verbindungen von Titanium oder Zirkonium enthält, aus denen sich Oxidhydrate bilden und in subkolloidaler Verteilung auf der Werkstoffoberfläche abscheiden. Die damit bewirkte Behinderung des Wachstums der Oxidkristalle führt zur Bildung dünner amorph erscheinender Schichten mit verbesserten Schutzeigenschaften.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 416-423 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Stress corrosion cracking of Inconel 600 tubing: Influence of thermal treatment, NaOH concentration and temperatureA study has been performed concerning the role of thermal treatments on the SCC behaviour of Inconel 600 tubing in NaOH solutions in the temperature range 315-360°C. An additional investigation was undertaken to establish the effect of the NaOH concentration built-up under magnetite deposits. The changes in the microstructural variables in the four metallurgical conditions studied were indentified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). C-ring and slow strain rate tests (10-6s-1) yielded identical results. SEM fractographs were additionally taken to reveal the cracking mode. It has been found that thermal treatment improves the SCC resistance in hot caustic solutions; particularly annealing at 650°C for 50 h appeared to impart the maximum improvement of SCC resistance.
    Notes: Eine Unterschung über den Einfluß der Wärmebehandlung auf das SpRK-Verhalten von Rohren aus Inconel 600 in NaOH-Lösungen bei 315 bis 360°C wurde ergänzt durch Untersuchungen über den Einfluß der NaOH-Anreicherung unter Magnetitschichten; die dabei auftretenden Gefügeänderungen wurden mittels TEM nachgewiesen. Versuche mit C-Ringen und mit langsamer Dehnung (slow strain rate, SSR) bei 10-6s-1 Dehngeschwindigkeit führten zu den gleichen Ergebnissen; REM-Untersuchungen wurden zur Beurteilung der Bruchflächen ausgeführt. Dabei zeigte sich, daß Wärmebehandlung die Anfälligkeit für SpRK in Natronlauge bei hohen Temperaturen vermindert; insbesondere scheint die Wärmebehandlung bei 650°C/50h das SpRK-Verhalten besonders wirkungsvoll zu verbessern.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 57
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 406-412 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Measures for corrosion protection of buried pipelines and their controlCorrosion protection of buried pipelines involves a combination of proper coating and electrochemical protective measures. The cathodic protection is based on the potential dependence of corrosion rates of steel in water. The theory is easy to understand. But problems in service arise with respect to questions on current distribution as well as the control by pipe-to-soil potential measurements. Proper coating is an essential requirement for an adequate current distribution. In the neighbourhood of large holidays disturbances of the current distribution can occur which can go undetected by normal potential control in steps of 1 to 2 km depending on the soil conditions. For a better control the intensive measuring technique was employed. By this method pipe-to-soil potentials and potential gradients for both “on” and “off” conditions of the polarisation current are measured in steps of 5 m. The values are evaluated through a computer assisted programme. Pipe sections with large holidays and with insufficient polarisation can thus be detected. In special cases that are characterized by high cell currents caused by contact with foreign structures or by stray currents from foreign dc sources it is difficult to measure IR-free potentials. In this case external measuring probes are installed which simulate holidays of the object to be protected. The potential of these probes can be measured without IR-drops with the aid of capillaries. The probes inform on proper cathodic protection, provided the holidays of the object to be protected are smaller than the testing area of the probe. With the aid of the intensive measuring technique as well as the application of the measuring probes it is possible to control the total object to be protected. But in the case of very high ac densities difficulties cannot be excluded. Diversion of these current is a protective measure.Questions occur as to possible corrosion danger beneath disbonded coatings and the occurrence of stress corrosion cracking. Experiments have shown that corrosion resistance is not restricted provided the construction and the service conditions of the pipeline comply with the standards.
    Notes: Der Korrosionsschutz erdverlegter Rohrleitungen besteht aus einer geeigneten Beschichtung und aus elektrochemischen Korrosionsschutzmaßnahmen. Der kathodische Korrosionsschutz gründet sich auf die Potentialabhängigkeit der Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit von Stahl in Wässern. Er ist theoretisch leicht verständlich. Praktische Probleme bereiten jedoch die Stromverteilung und Fragen der Kontrolle durch Potentialmessung. Eine wesentliche Voraussetzung für eine ausreichende Stromverteilung ist eine gute Beschichtung. Im Bereich von größeren Verletzungen können aber Störungen der Stromverteilung vorliegen, die je nach den Bodenverhältnissen bei einer üblichen Potentialmessung in Abständen von 1 bis 2 km unerkannt bleiben können. Für eine ausreichende Kontrolle wurde die Intensivmeßtechnik eingeführt. Hierbei werden in Abständen von etwa 5 m Rohr/Boden-Potentiale und Potentialgradienten bei ein- und ausgeschaltetetem Schutzstrom gemessen und mit Rechner-Unterstützung ausgewertet. Auf diese Weise lassen sich Bereiche größerer Verletzung und unzureichender Polarisation ermitteln. In besonderen Fällen, die durch große Elementströme bei Kontakt mit fremden Anlagenteilen oder durch Streuströme aus fremden Gleichstromquellen gekennzeichnet sind, bestehen Schwierigkeiten, das Potential frei von fremden Spannungsabfällen zu messen. Zur Kontrolle werden Meßproben eingesetzt, die Fehlstellen der Beschichtung des Schutzobjektes simulieren und deren Potential fehlerfrei mit Potentialsonden bestimmt wird. Diese Meßproben geben eine ausreichende Information über alle Fehlstellen der Beschichtung des Schutzobjektes, die kleiner sind als die Meßproben.Mit Hilfe der Intensivmeßtechnik und der Meßproben für die benannten Sonderfälle ist ein lückenloser Rohrleitungsschutz möglich. Lediglich bei einer Beeinflussung durch sehr hohe Wechselstromdichten sind Schwierigkeiten nicht auszuschließen. Hier sollten Schutzmaßnahmen durch Ableitung der Wechselströme ergriffen werden. Fragen werden aufgeworfen über mögliche Korrosionsgefahren im Bereich nichthaftender Beschichtung und über eine mögliche Gefährdung durch Spannungsrißkorrosion. Untersuchungen haben dazu gezeigt, daß bei normgerechtem Bau und Betrieb einer Rohrleitung die Korrosionsbeständigkeit nicht eingeschränkt ist.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 534-537 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigations into corrosion of metallic materials in highly concentrated boiling salt solutionsContainer for the disposal of radioactive waste in carnallite formations can be exposed to corrosion by highly concentrated hot salt solutions. Previous investigations of the corrosion resistance of candidate materials have been supplemented by measurements of the current density-potential curves of iron-silicon, cobalt-silicon, titanium-nickel and nickel-molybdenum alloys and of tantal. The electrolyte was a concentrated MgCl2-NaCl-KCl-MgSO4 solution at its boiling point of 170°C. The measurements give useful information on the stability of the corrosion resistance of these materials.
    Notes: Bei der Endlagerung von radioaktivem Abfall in Salzstöcken kann es zur Korrosion der verwendeten Behälter durch hochkonzentrierte, heiße Salzlösungen kommen. Die bisher für die Auswahl geeigneter Werkstoffe durchgeführten Untersuchungen wurden durch die Aufnahme von Stromspannungskurven in einer MgCl2-NaCl-KCl-MgSO4-Lösung bei ihrer Siedetemperatur von 170°C ergänzt. Als Versuchswerkstoffe wurden Titan-, Nickel-Molybdän- und Nickel-Molybdän-Chrom-Legierungen, Eisenguß mit 15% Silizium, eine experimentelle Cobalt-Silizium-Legierung und Tantal gewählt. Die Versuchsergebnisse geben Hinweise, die bei der Werkstoffauswahl beachtet werden sollten.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 512-517 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Aminosäuren als Korrosionsinhibitoren in SalzsäurelösungenDie Inhibierung der Korrosion von Eisen in salzsauren Lösungen wurde unter Verwendung von 22 verschiedenen Aminosäuren und vier verwandten Verbindungen untersucht. Polarisationskurven für Eisen wurden dazu in entlüfteter 1 m Salzsäure aufgenommen. Die Schnittpunkte der Tafel-Geraden beim Korrosionspotential entsprechen dem jeweiligen Korrosionsstrom. Bei einer Inhibitorkonzentration von 10 mmol wurden die besten Ergebnisse (Hemmwert 87%) mit 3,5-diiodotyrosin erhalten. Von den üblichen Aminosäuren erreichte Tryptophan mit einem Hemmwert von 80% die höchste Inhibitorwirkung. Hydroxyprolin, Crystin und Cystein bewirkten hingegen Korrosionsbeschleunigung. Die beobachteten deutlichen Trends konnten mit der Molekülstruktur korreliert werden. Im allgemeinen waren Aminosäuren mit längerer Kohlenwasserstoffkette wirksamer. Auch zusätzliche Aminogruppen oder Gruppen mit erhöhter Elektronendichte auf der α-Aminogruppe zeigten höhere Inhibitorwirksamkeit.
    Notes: Inhibition of the corrosion of iron in hydrochloric acid solutions by amino acids was studied. Twenty-two different common amino acids and four related compounds were used. Potentiodynamic polarization curves were obtained for iron wire in deaerated 1 M hydrochloric acid solution. Intersection of the linear Tafel lines at the corrosion potential gave values of the corrosion current. At 10 mM concentration of the inhibitors, the best results were obtained with 3,5-diiodotyrosine, with an inhibition efficiency of 87%. The best common amino acid was tryptophan with an inhibition efficiency of 80%. Hydroxyproline, cystine, and cysteine acted as corrosion accelerators. Definite trends were observed which were related to the molecular structure. In general, amino acids with longer hydrocarbon chains showed greater inhibition. Additional amino groups or groups which increased electron density on the alpha amino group also increased the inhibition efficiency.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. R214 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 589-594 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Inhibierung korrosionsbeständiger Legierungen in heißen SalzsäurelösungenDie Massenverluste von Kohlenstoffstahl, nichtrostendem Duplexstahl (22Cr5Ni) und zwei Superausteniten (27Cr31Ni3Mo und 19Cr25Ni4Mo) wurden in 20- und 28%iger Salzsäure (90 °C) mit Zusatz organischer Stoffe (einzeln oder gemischt) ermittelt. Bei den untersuchten organischen Stoffen handelte es sich um quaternäre Ammoniumsalze (1-(4-pyridyl)-pyridiniumchlorid.hydrochlorid, Dodecylpyridiniumchlorid, Benzyldimethylstearylammoniumchlorid und Dodecyltrimethylammoniumbromid), Alkinole (1-octyn-2-ol, Propargylalkohol) und Trans-zimtaldehyd. Dabei wurde auch der synergistische Effekt von Kaliumiodid auf die Hemmwirkung der organischen Stoffe untersucht.Die Änderungen der Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit während der Versuchsdauer (normalerweise 6 Stunden) wurden mittels Polarisationswiderstandsmessung aufgezeichnet, ebenso wurden Polarisationskurven aufgenommen.Die Ergebnisse haben gezeigt, daß die Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit der hier untersuchten Stähle mit Hilfe von ternären Inhibitorgemischen (je 0,2% quaternäres Ammoniumsalz, Trans-zimtaldehyd und Kaliumiodid) auf weniger als 1 mg/cm-2 · h-1 verringert werden kann. Elektrochemische Untersuchungen lieferten wertvolle Hinweise auf den Wirkungsmechanismus der untersuchten Inhibitoren.
    Notes: Weight loss measurements were performed in 20% and 28% hydrochloric acid at 90 °C on carbon steel, 22Cr5Ni duplex stainless steel, and two superaustenitic steels - 27Cr31Ni3Mo and 19Cr25Ni4Mo -, in presence of organic substances used singly or mixed. The organic substances examined were quaternary ammonium salts (1-4-pyridyl)-pyridinium chloride hydrochloride, dodecylpy-ridiniumchloride, benzyldimethylstearylammonium chloride, and (dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide), alkynols (1-octyn-3-ol, propargyl alcohol) and trans-cinnamaldehyde. The synergistic effect of potassium iodide on the inhibitive efficiency of the organic substances was studied.The variations of corrosion rate during the test time (normally six hours) were recorded by means of polarization resistance measurements. Polarization curves were also recorded.The results showed that the corrosion rates of the four steels examined can be reduced to less than 1 mg/cm2 · h using ternary inhibitor mixtures containing quaternary ammonium salts, trans-cinnamaldehyde and potassium iodide (0.2% of each component).Electrochemical tests gave useful indications on the action mechanism of the inhibitors studied.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 622-622 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. R228 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. R204 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 622-622 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. R239 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. R246 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 142-145 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 145-148 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 152-152 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 152-152 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. R45 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. R49 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988) 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 161-166 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: X-ray diffraction analyses of the oxide scales of Fe-Cr-Al heat-resisting alloys with Zr-additionsX-ray diffraction analyses of oxide scales spalled during cyclic oxidation of Fe-Cr-Al heat resisting alloys with Zr-additions were performed in the temperature range of up to 1300°C.The addition of 0,2% Zr causes the formation of ZrO2 beside the predominant Al2O3 in the oxide scale exhibiting both monoclinic and tetragonal structures.By means of high-temperature X-ray diffractometry it was demonstrated that the zirconium oxide shows different transformation behaviour with respect to the investigated alloy.Thermal expansion characteristics of the aluminum oxide are not influenced by the Zr-additions being important for the adherence of the scale to the alloy.
    Notes: Im Hinblick auf die Klärung der Wirkungsweise lebensdauerehöhender Zusätze in Heizleiterlegierungen wurden Röntgenbeugungsuntersuchungen am abgeplatzten Zunder thermisch belasteter Fe-Cr-Al-Heizleiter mit Zr-Zusatz im Temperaturbereich bis 1300°C durchgeführt.Der Zusatz von 0,2% Zr führt im Zunder zur Ausbildung von Zirkonoxid ZrO2 neben Aluminiumoxid, und zwar in monokliner und tetragonaler Modifikation. Mittels Hochtemperaturdiffraktometrie wurde ein je nach Legierung unterschiedliches Umwandlungsverhalten des Zirkonoxids nachgewiesen.Die hinsichtlich der Zunderhaftung interessierende Wärmeausdehnung des Aluminiumoxids wird durch den Zusatz an Zr nicht beeinflußt.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 98-102 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 81
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988) 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 82
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 1-7 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigation into the passivation mechanism of iron in phosphate electrolytes on surfaces exposed to erosive attackOn iron electrodes in neutral phosphate electrolytes by continuous solid particle impingement a reaction layer is formed within the transition potential region under anodic polarization. XPS and AES investigations show that the reaction layer formed under impingement will be replaced by an oxide layer during the transition into the passive state under simultaneous decrease of the layer thickness.The active/passive transition in phosphate electrolytes may be attached to the equilibrium potential of the reaction \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \rm{FeHPO}_4 + 2\rm{H}_2 \rm{O} \rightleftharpoons \gamma{\hbox{-}} \rm{FeOOH} + \rm{HPO}_4^ - + 3\rm{H}^ + + \rm{e} $$\end{document}.According to this thermodynamic interpretation of both the active/passive transition and the passive/active transition, respectively on iron in presence of phosphate ions may be described as the Fe(II)/Fe(III)-redox reaction with two solid phases, the iron(II)-phosphate phase and the iron(III)-oxide phase.The increase of the interfacial dynamic processes at the solid/liquid interface causes in consequence of the solid particle impingement that thermodynamic laws govern the course of reactions.
    Notes: Bei erosiver Beanspruchung der Eisenoberfläche wird während der anodischen Polarisation in neutralen Phosphatelektrolyten im Übergangspotentialbereich eine Reaktionsschicht gebildet. XPS- und AES-Untersuchungen zeigen, daß diese Reaktionsschichten während des Übergangs in den Passivzustand durch Oxidschichten ersetzt werden bei gleichzeitiger Verringerung der Schichtdicke.Der Aktiv/Passiv-Übergang im Phosphatelektrolyten kann auf ein Gleichgewichtspotential der Reaktion \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \rm{FeHPO}_4 + 2\rm{H}_2 \rm{O} \rightleftharpoons \gamma{\hbox{-}} \rm{FeOOH} + \rm{HPO}_4^ - + 3\rm{H}^ + + \rm{e} $$\end{document} zurückgeführt werden.Entsprechend dieser thermodynamischen Interpretation ist der Aktiv/Passiv- bzw. Passiv/Aktiv-Übergang am Eisen in Gegenwart von Phosphationen einer Redoxreaktion zwischen zwei festen Phasen, dem Eisen(II)-Phosphat und dem Eisen (III)-Oxid zuzuschreiben. Die Erhöhung der Grenzflächendynamik in der Phasengrenze fest/flüssig infolge der erosiven Beanspruchung bewirkt, daß die Thermodynamik den Reaktionsverlauf bestimmt.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 83
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Long term performance of galvanized steel tubes in drinking water with different pH-value and flow velocityA 10 years' test program on galvanized steel tubes exposed to Berlin drinking water produced evidence that an undisturbed operation can only be guaranteed as long as the inner surface of the tubes is coated by metallic zinc. The zinc loss with time strongly depends on the pH-value and can be expressed by the mathematical equation \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm m} = {\rm a} \cdot \ln \left({{\rm b\;t} + 1} \right) $$\end{document}.Due to the typical shape of the logarithmical function and its dependence on the pH-value a small increase of pH-value leads to an over-proportional increase in life-time of the zinc coating. pH = 7 leads to a total zinc loss within two years, whereas in the case of pH = 8 a zinc coating of 25-40 μm is still present after 10 year's time.
    Notes: 10jährige Dauerversuche an verzinkten Stahlrohren in Berliner Leitungswasser ergaben, daß ein beeinträchtigungsfreier Betrieb nur so lange gewährleistet ist, wie sich metallisches Zink auf der Rohrwand befindet. Der zeitliche Verlauf des Zinkabtrags ist durch stetig abnehmende differentielle Korrosionsgeschwindigkeiten gekennzeichnet und läßt sich durch eine logarithmische Funktion des Typs \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm m} = {\rm a} \cdot \ln \left({{\rm b\;t} + 1} \right) $$\end{document} darstellen, die eine starke pH-Abhängigkeit aufweist. Der typische Verlauf der logarithmischen Beziehung in Verbindung mit der pH-Abhängigkeit hat zur Folge, daß mit geringer pH-Anhebung eine überproportionale Verlängerung der Lebensdauer der metallischen Zinkschicht erreicht werden kann. Eine pH-Absenkung um eine halbe Einheit auf 7 führt zu vollständigem Zinkabtrag bereits nach ca. 2 Jahren, während bei einer gleichartigen Erhöhung auf pH = 8 nach 10 Jahren noch Restzinkschichten von 25-40 μm vorhanden sind, die einen weiteren jahrzehntelangen, ungestörten Betrieb erwarten lassen.
    Additional Material: 23 Ill.
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  • 84
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 18-22 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Problems related to the measurement of IR-drop free potentials in the presence of compensating currentsFor supervision of the cathodic protection of pipelines the potentials must be measured free from ohmic drops. In general, off-potentials are measured in this context. By this technique only the ohmic drops caused by the protection current can be eliminated, but not the ohmic drops caused by compensating or cell currents. With the help of simulated tests it can be shown that it is possible to calculate true potentials using pipe-to-soil potentials and potential gradients at the soil surface for “on” and “off” conditions. Errors associated with reference electrodes have a strong influence on the calculated values. Practical examples show that completely unreasonable values can be obtained.Possibilities leading to errors of reference electrodes are discussed. Electrodes with KCl or NH4NO3 electrolytes are to be preferred. Further possibilities of errors related to soil parameters require additional detailed investigations.
    Notes: Für die Überwachung des kathodischen Korrosionsschutzes von Rohrleitungen müssen die Potentiale möglichst frei von ohmschen Spannungsabfällen gemessen werden. Hierzu wird im allgemeinen die Ausschaltmethode angewendet. Dabei lassen sich aber nur die ohmschen Spannungsabfälle des Schutzstromes, nicht die von Element- oder Ausgleichsströmen eliminieren. Mit Hilfe von Modellbetrachtungen kann gezeigt werden, daß eine Berechnung der wahren Potentiale gelingt, wenn Ein- und Ausschaltwerte von Potentialen und Potentialgradienten auf der Erdoberfläche vorliegen. Dabei gehen aber mit einem großen Faktor Elektrodenfehler der Bezugselektroden ein. Praktische Beispiele zeigen, daß völlig unvernünftige Resultate erhalten werden können.Es werden mehrere Möglichkeiten aufgezeigt, die als Ursachen für Elektrodenfehler infrage kommen. Demnach sind Bezugselektroden-Systeme mit KCl oder NH4NO3-Lösungen vorzuziehen. Weitere Fehlerursachen, die im wesentlichen auf bodenseitige Parameter zurückzuführen sind, bedürfen noch einer näheren Untersuchung.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 85
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 23-26 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Substituierte Phenole als Inhibitoren der Korrosion von Kupfer in SalpetersäureDie Auflösung von Kupfer in Salpetersäure in Gegenwart von Resorcin, o- und p-Aminophenolen, Brenzkatechin, o-Kresol und Salicylaldehyd als Korrosionsinhibitor wurde gravimetrisch und mittels galvanostatischer Polarisation untersucht. Beide Methoden ergaben für die genannten Verbindungen übereinstimmende Ergebnisse. Aufgrund der Polarisationsdaten ist zu vermuten, daß diese Inhibitoren unter Einwirkung eines äußeren Stroms die Kathode bevorzugt polarisieren. Die Wirkung dieser Inhibitoren dürfte auf Adsorption entsprechend einer Langmuir-Isotherme beruhen. Die Wirkung besteht darin, daß die entstehende salpetrige Säure zersetzt und ihr Einfluß auf die kathodische Reaktion ausgeschaltet wird.
    Notes: The dissolution of copper in nitric acid solution in the presence of resorcinol, o, p-aminophenols, catechol, o-cresol and salicylaldehyde as corrosion inhibitors has been studied by galvanostatic polarization and weight loss methods. For these compounds the two methods gave consistent results.Polarization data suggest that in the case of these inhibitors the cathode is preferentially polarized under the influence of an external current. The inhibitors appear to function through general adsorption following the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The inhibiting effect of tested compounds is due to the destruction of the HNO2 formed and its interference with the cathodic reaction.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 86
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 33-36 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 87
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. R85 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 88
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. R40 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 89
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. R42 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 90
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 39-42 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 91
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 27-33 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Korrosion von Kupfer in Lebensmittelfarbstoffe und Süßstoffe enthaltenden Lebensmittelsäuren. - Teil IV: Korrosion durch MilchsäureUntersucht wurde die Korrosion von Kupfer in Milchsäure mit verschiedenen Farbstoffen und Süßstoffen. In Milchsäure allein steigt die Korrosion mit der Säurekonzentration bis 0,5 M und nimmt dann wieder ab, sie steigt jedoch kontinuierlich mit der Versuchsdauer und der Temperatur. Reine Büffelmilch (pH 6,45) und Quark (pH 3,70) haben fast keine Wirkung auf Kupfer. Zusatz von Lebensmittelfarbstoffen zu Milchsäure verstärkt die Korrosion, und zwar steigt die Aggressivität in der Reihenfolge: Amaranth 〉 Echtrot E ≤ Sunset yellow Tartracin ≤ Ponceau 4 R ≤ Carmoisine. Saccharin wirkt sowohl in der reinen als auch in der farbstoffhaltigen Milchsäure beschleunigend. Die übrigen verwendeten Süßstoffe wirken inhibierend, und zwar in der Reihenfolge: Glycerin 〈 Glucose ≤ Fructose 〈 Saccharose in reiner Milchsäure, Glycerin 〈 Saccharose 〈 Glucose 〈 Fructose in farbstoffhaltiger Milchsäure.Das Potential des Kupfers in 0,1 m Milchsäure auch mit Farbstoffen und/oder Süßstoffen liegt bei -70 mV (+5 mV) (SCE). Die galvanostatischen Polarisationskurven zeigen sehr geringe anodische, jedoch beträchtliche kathodische Polarisation. Konservierungsmittel wie Natriumbenzoat erreichen einen Hemmwert von 30%.
    Notes: The corrosion of copper in lactic acid containing various colourants and sweetening agents has been studied. In plain lactic acid the corrosion increases with acid concentration up to 0.5 M and then decreases, but it increases continuously with the time of immersion and temperature. Pure buffalo milk (pH 6.45) and curd (pH 3.70) have almost no effect on copper. Addition of food dyes to lactic acid increases corrosion, the order of corrosivity being: amaranth 〈 fast red E ≤ sunset yellow ≤ tartrazine ≤ ponceau 4 R 〈 carmoisine. Saccharin in plain as well as coloured lactic acid has an accelerating effect. The other sweeteners have an inhibitive effect, in the order: glycerol 〈 glucose ≤ fructose 〈 sucrose in plain lactic acid, while in coloured acid the effect increases in the order: glycerol 〈 sucrose 〈 glucose 〈 fructose.Copper in 0.1 M plain as well as coloured and/or sweetened lactic acid shows a corrosion potential of -70 mV (+ 5 mV) vs SCE. Galvanostatic polarisation curves show very little anodic but appreciable cathodic polarisation. Preservatives like sodium benzoate confer 30% protection.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 92
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. R80 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 93
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. R4 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 94
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. R13 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 95
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. R5 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 96
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 204-207 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Wüstite in oxide layers on low-alloy steels in water vapour. II. Decomposition of wüstiteThe decomposition of wüstite in oxide layers on low-alloy steels formed in water steam at T 〉 600°C was investigated. The mechanism of the decomposition reaction was analysed by studying the microstructure and phase composition of differently quenched wüstite samples and of samples which had been treated at a constant temperature below 600°C. The decomposition of wüstite into the stable phases magnetite and α-iron lead to a characteristic decomposition microstructure which makes the identification of originally present wüstite clearly possible, even after the complete transformation of this wüstite into the stable phases.
    Notes: Die Zersetzung von Wüstitschichten - gebildet im Wasserdampf auf niedrig-legierten Stählen (13 CrMo 44, 10 CrMo 9 10) bei T 〉 600°C - wurde untersucht. Der Mechanismus der Zersetzungsreaktionen wurde anhand von Gefüge- und Phasenanalysen an schnell abgekühlten Proben und Proben, die einer konstanten Temperaturbehandlung bei T 〈 600°C ausgesetzt waren, ermittelt. Der Wüstitzerfall in die stabilen Phasen Magnetit und α-Eisen bei T 〈 600°C erzeugt ein charakteristisches Zersetzungsgefüge, das die eindeutige Identifizierung von ursprünglich vorhanden gewesenem Wüstit auch nach dessen vollständiger Rückumwandlung ermöglicht.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 97
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 45-48 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Einführung in die Betriebserfahrungen mit der feuerseitigen Korrosion beim Central Electricity Generating BoardDie Arbeit bringt eine kurze Übersicht der beim CEGB gesammelten Erfahrungen mit der feuerseitigen Korrosion. Zunächst werden die Zahlen der Kraftwerke und die Betriebsbedingungen angegeben, wobei die für die Dampfkessel verwendeten Werkstoffe aufgelistet werden. Ebenfalls zusammengefaßt sind die Korrosionserscheinungen von Ofenwänden und Überhitzern bzw. Erhitzern in kohlebeheizten Anlagen, wobei ausdrücklich erwähnt wird, daß man die feuerseitige Korrosion nicht vermeiden, sondern nur unter Kontrolle halten kann. Dabei wird auf die Bedeutung von korrosionsbeständigeren Werkstoffen hingewiesen, wie sie speziell in coextrudierten Rohren verfügbar sind. Die beim CEGB benutzten Methoden zur Lebensdauervorhersage werden skizziert, und drei gegenwärtig bearbeitete Forschungsgebiete werden beschrieben.
    Notes: This paper briefly reviews CEGB fireside corrosion experience. It first summarises the numbers and operating conditions of the plants, and indicates the range of materials used in the boilers. Experience of furnace wall and superheater/reheater corrosion in coal fired plant is summarised, emphasising the need to “control” fireside corrosion rather than being able to eliminate it, and the importance of more corrosion resistant materials, particularly as coextruded tube. Tube life prediction techniques in use by the CEGB are outlined, and three current areas of research are described.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 98
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 385-387 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 99
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 388-399 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
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  • 100
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 54-63 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Feuerseitige Korrosion in mit fossilen Brennstoffen beheizten deutschen Kraftwerken: Erscheinungsform, Mechanismen und UrsachenDie rauchgasseitige Korrosion in deutschen, mit fossilen Brennstoffen befeuerten Kesseln wird aus der Sicht eines mit Schadensuntersuchungen befaßten Labors beschrieben.Mit deutscher Kesselauslegung und deutschen fossilen Brennstoffen können ferritische Stähle im Verdampfer und Überhitzerbereich eingesetzt werden. Die normalerweise zu erwartenden Korrosionsraten liegen unterhalb von 10 nm/h für Verdampfer- und unterhalb von 25 nm/h für Überhitzerrohre. Das Erschenungsbild wird beschrieben und im Hinblick auf den Korrosionsmechanismus diskutiert.Beschleunigte Korrosion im Verdampferbereich ist hauptsächlich auf eine erhöhte chemische Belastung zurückzuführen, nämlich auf reduzierende Bedingungen oder Chlorverbindungen in den Verbrennungsprodukten.Im Überhitzerbereich sind überhöhte Wandtemperaturen sowie Spannungen, durch welche die Integrität der Oxidschicht zerstört wird, die wichtigsten Faktoren für erhöhte Korrosionsgeschwindigkeiten.
    Notes: Fireside corrosion in German fossil fuel-fired boilers is described out of the view of a laboratory engaged with failure analysis.With German boiler design and German fossil fuel ferritic steels can be used for the tubing in the evaporator and superheater section. Corrosion rates, which have to be expected normally are below 10 nm/h for evaporator tubes and below 25 nm/h for superheater tubes. The appearance of corroded tubes is described and discussed in respect of the corrosion mechanism.In the evaporator section enhanced corrosion risk is mainly due to an increased chemical load, namely reducing conditions or chlorine compounds in the combustion products.In the superheater section higher than normal metal temperatures and stresses, by which the integrity of the oxide layer is destroyed, are the most important factors for increased corrosion rates.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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