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  • 1960-1964  (1,860)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (1,637)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (223)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 148 (1964), S. 552-552 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An analysis was made on 140 adult chickens of the relationship between visual estimation of the degree of encroachment of the lumen of the vessel by plaques and such morphometric variables as weight, length, circumference, thickness, density, and combinations thereof of the thoracic and abdominal segments of the aorta. Aortic weight and thickness functions were found to be significantly correlated to scores, accounting in the two highest cases (thickness and weight/area of the abdominal segment, body weight held constant) for 46% (r = 0.68) and 42% (r = 0.65) respectively, of the variability in score. Correlations were considerably lower in the thoracic segment, the highest being r = 0.36 for weight/circumference. The scoring thoracic segment, the highest being r = 0.36 for weight/circumference. The scoring system thus has a basis in measurable physical changes in the wall of the blood vessel, but scoring apparently evaluates considerably more than was measured by the morphometric variables. The morphometric variables would probably serve best as means of comparing different scoring systems and as objective supplements to scoring. The procedure of choice would appear to be weight/area with body weight held constant (i.e.  -  partial correlation and/or covariance analysis).
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 148 (1964), S. 561-571 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Wistar strain albino rats were injected with 1 cm3 of a 1% solution of trypan blue. Three types of dye were used: Matheson, Coleman and Bell, Chroma-Gesellschaft and a highly purified sample. The dyes were injected on days 6, 7, and 8 of gestation. Fetuses were excised from days 16 through 20, fixed, decalcified where necessary, embedded in paraffin, serially sectioned and stained. Newborn young were treated similarly. Chroma-Gesellaschaft trypan blue was without reproductive or teratogenic effect at the above doses. Increasing the dose did not increase the teratogenicity but did yield a decrease in litter size. Both Matheson, Coleman and Bell trypan blue and the purified sample were teratogenic. The most frequent neural defect observed was hydrocephalus. Serial sections of the newborn hydrocephalics showed an occluded or extremely tenotic aqueduct of Sylvius in 31 of 33 sectioned animals. The fetuses collected from days 18 through 20 also had occluded or stenotic aqueducts if hydrocephalic. Aqueductal stenosis or occlusion was present in 17-day-old fetuses, but hydrocephalic was not conclusively demonstrated at this age. Sixteen-day-old fetuses did not have aqueductal occlusion in any of those examined, but stenosis was evident. It is concluded that the defect predisposing to hydrocephalus in the young of trypan blue treated rats of this strain is aqueductal stenosis or occlusion.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 148 (1964), S. 605-609 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Follicular activity in the ovary of the pregnant hamster is divided into two periods. During the first eight days (corresponding to the duration of pseudopregnancy) an average of 11 follicles per ovary from 277 to 553 μ are present. From day 10 to 16 of pregnancy, the ovary contains 22 follicles ranging from 277 to 600 μ and larger. The day after parturition, atresia destroys all large multilayered and vesicular follicles.Hamsters injected with human chorionic gonadotropin on day 4 of pregnancy ovulated ten ova, whereas similary treated day 12 animals ovulated 35 eggs. No cyclic follicular activity corresponding to the length of the estrous cycle occurred during gestation. On the contrary, a constant increment of small follicles took place throughout pregnancy.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 148 (1964), S. 631-632 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A plastic sealing compound for museum jars is described. It has the consistancy of toothpaste and is applied in a similar manner directly to the museum jar from a tube. No catalyst or mixing is required. Moisture in the air cures the plastic in 12-24 hours. After the extruded “rope” is applied, the lid is placed on the jar and the jar set aside for the cure. After cure any excess can be trimmed with a scalpel.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 149 (1964) 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 149 (1964), S. 13-21 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A method is described for making simple balloon cannulas. These may be inserted into the depths of the brain of the experimental animal and inflated, resulting in the production of a permanent destructive lesion characterized by hemorrhagic necrosis of the parenchyma, elements of the stroma being preserved peripherally. In time, a smooth, well-defined membrane delineates the oval shaped cavity resulting in a sharply punched-out lesion. A reversible lesion cannot be produced by this technique. Such lesions may have further clinical or experimental value. The local application of radioactive isotopes to specific areas of the brain under controlled situations permitting withdrawal of solutions may be possible by this method.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The excessive growth of fatty tissue around atrophic organs has been described in humans as “hypertrophy ex vacuo”. Since adipose tissue receives its blood supply from smaller branches of arteries which also supply organs or muscles, it has been suggested that increased amounts of blood could be diverted from the inactive organs to the surrounding fatty tissue and promote its growth. This theory was investigated, using rats and mice of different strains. One testis, the artery of which also supplies the epididymal fat pad, was removed, and the animals sacrificed 3-4 weeks later. Growth of the affected fat pad in both rats and mice of normal body composition was significantly reduced. Removal of the testis in adult yellow-obese mice during periods of weight gain produced a moderate but significant weight increase of the affected fat body.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The right knees of rabbits were rigidly fixed with metal clamps midway between full flexion and full extension. After six dayas the knees of six were preserved while clamped. Twenty other rabbits were sacrificed after 16 days. Ten received colchicine on the eighth, eleventh and fifteenth day following clamp application. Their knees were preserved after clamp removal. The femoral and tibial articular cartilages subjected to pressure for six days were extremely compressed but viable. In knees clamped for 16 days the changes found were related to the amount of knee movement present at autopsy. Where it was small but easily detectable the cartilages were normal. Where there was no movement the cartilage was dead. Where it was only slight variable cartilage changes were found ranging from surface abradement, Matrix swelling, enlargement of lacunae and chondrocytes, increased number of cells per lacuna, and an occasional chondrocyte in mitosis, to an extensive matrix alteration resulting in the disappearance of lacunae, chondrocytes released from the confines of lacunae and interspersed among a meshwork of fine collagen fibers, and a few released chondrocytes in mitosis. The most extensive change was where the cartilage defect area was occupied by a mass of proliferating richly-cellular tissue. The knee articular cartilage changes of this experiment are compared with those occurring during pregnancy in the pubic symphyseal cartilage of mice.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A study of nerve-muscle relations and fine innervation patterns is reported for the stapedius muscle of the cat. Gross relations of the muscle to its associated nerves and other middle ear structures are shown by illustrations. Histologic features of innervation are studied with the Bodian silver method. the thiocholine technique, and iron hematoxylin and osmic acid stains.The muscle is richly supplied by 3 to 4 facial nerve branches in which no axons are found above 8 μ and the majority are unimodally grouped at 2-4 μ. The auricular nerve of the vagus does not penetrate the muscle. Three to four distinct zone is of fasciculi are found whose muscle fibers are 14-20 μ in diameter. Each zone is supplied by primary nerves whose branches do not exhibit terminal overlap or multiple innervation of muscle fibers. Short terminal axons lead to motor and plates from all intramuscular nerve branches. Nerve branches and motor end plates are confined to the basal third of the muscle. Sensory endings are not detected within the muscle or its tendon. It is estimated that each motor neuron supplies no more than five muscle fibers but more probably three or less.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 149 (1964), S. 217-223 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: While studying the electrocardiograms of developing hearts it was noted that an adult type ECG could not be obtained in an embryonic heart which could not be blocked with digitalis. The need to know more about heart-block was obvious. Intact embryos of 36 to 120 hours were floated on to glass plates and treated with digoxin-Tyrode solution. Before 36 ± hours no dissociation of beat could be produced. The heart just stopped. At 40 ± hours a conal block followed by a midventricular block appeared. At 42 ± hours conal and midventricular blocks were followed by the first appearance of AV block. It was intermittent. At 47 ± hours conal block jumped to an incisive AV block. Midventricular block was rare. At 72 hours conal and then AV block occurred. Combinations such as four atrial to two ventricular to one conal beat could be readily produced while blood circulated.Electrocardiograms and cinephotomicrographs were taken of 72 and 96 hour hearts. Most striking was the fact that the typical Wenckebach phenomenon of adult heart-block could be duplicated, i.e., an increase of PR interval preceding AV block followed by a shorter PR interval which again gradually increased preceding AV block. This sequence was repeated over and over. An explanation of these events is offered.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 12
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This study was undertaken to determine the relationship between Marshall's metalophilic reticular cells and the cells exhibiting non-specific esterase and acid phosphatase activity in the rat spleen. Untreated and stimulated animals were used. Observations were made chiefly on the marginal metalophils of Snook. These cells showed strong acid phosphatase activity but only slight non-specific esterase activity in untreated animals. Following stimulation non-specific esterase activity increased in these cells. Within the nodules metalophilic reticular cells were always more numerous than cells with enzyme activity. Many of these metalophilic cells developed enzyme activity following stimulation. By the use of a restaining technique it was shown that all reticular cells possessing enzyme activity were also metalophilic but that the converse was not true. No mitotic activity was present in these cells.The results suggest that Marshall's metalophils are cells of the reticuloendothelial system in various stages of maturation and that, following stimulation, they may differentiate into mature phagocytic cells.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 149 (1964), S. 309-312 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In the normal parathyroid gland of the mouse there is only one type of cell which is small with a large nucleus and small amount of cytoplasm. In order to investigate the effect of relaxin on parathyroid histology, mice were injected with relaxin, the degree of pubic separation was measured by the x-ray technique, and the parathyroid glands were studied histologically. After one day of relaxin injection, the pubic symphysis showed a distinct separation and in part of the parathyroid gland the cells were larger and stained lighter and pinker than the normal cells with hematoxylin, eosin, and azur II. After four days of relaxin treatment, the whole gland had changed so that all the cells were of the second type. Glands of pregnant mice near term also were composed of cells of this type. These results indicate a relationship between relaxin and the parathyroid gland.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 149 (1964), S. 333-357 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Comparison of results obtained by S35O4= autoradiography with those from histochemical staining methods and evaluation of the effect on the staining resulting from prior sialidase digestion, methylation, methylation and saponification, or sulfation, substantiates the selectivity of some procedures for sialomucin and others for sulfomucin. These two types of mucopolysaccharide may be differentiated by the high iron diamine-alcian blue or aldehyde fuchsin-alcian blue sequences or comparison between staining with the alcian blue pH 2.5-PAS sequence and staining with the alcian blue pH 1.0-PAS method. These techniques reveal that some rodent or lagomorph salivary glands form sialomucin alone, others apparently only sulfomucin, whereas a number produce both types of acid mucopolysaccharide either in different mucous cells throughout the gland or in the same cell.Differences in affinity for basic dyes, periodate reactivity, and susceptibility to elimination of basophilia by methylation or enzymatic digestion are evident among both the sulfo- and the sialomucins in different glands. After brief saponification the sialomucin in rat sublingual glands becomes sialidase digestible and gains alcohol resistant metachromasia.Several serous or seromucous glands secrete neutral mucopolysaccharides; others secrete polysaccharides containing sulfate or sialic acid groups whose affinity is masked for some but not for other basic dyes.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 148 (1964), S. 67-74 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Neuroanatomical nuclear configuration corresponding to the projection regions for the chorda tympani, the IXth, and the lingual nerves was studied in the cat thalamus by a combination of electrophysiological, stereotaxic, and histological techniques. Each of the three nerves innervating the tongue was dissected for stimulation in cats deeply anesthetized with Nembutal. Maps of the extent of the thalamic projection for a particular nerve were obtained by recording evoked potentials in the thalamus during the stimulation of one of these nerves. Such maps were correlated with the anatomical structures of the cat thalamus by reconstructing the recording sites from histological sections of the cat brain. It was found that the chorda tympani and the IXth nerve projection regions correspond closely to the ventromedial nuclear complex with slight encorachment on the lingual nerve projection region in the ventrobasal complex. The most medial portions of the taste nerve projection regions do not relay any tactile afferent impulses and the most lateral portion of the lingual nerve projection is not activated by impulses in the taste nerves. Therefore, it is suggested that the thalamic relay of taste is not coextensive with other lingual modalities in the cat thalamus but it has an independent representation in the ventromedial nuclear complex.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 16
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Analysis of age changes in physical characteristics of mouse limb bones requires a sensitive, consistent and relatively simple apparatus for determination of transverse breaking strength. The developed instrument is essentially a one meter counter-balanced 4-to-1 lever with a tracked, motor-driven weight on its upper surface. At the beam's short end a loading tool impinges upward on a bone mounted in an adjacent holder; at the opposite end is a mercury switch connected to a relay halting the weight motor when fracture occurs. Bones, with proximal ends embedded in convex securing blocks of impression medium, may be positioned in a standard relationship to the holder, loading tool edge, and the balanced beam.Repetitive loading of a steel spring indicates instrument error of 1.8%. Preliminary tests with a random series of paired mouse femora show no significant difference between left and right bones. In the long-term study it will be possible to correlate physical strength with other characteristics of opposite bones.An air-gap capacitor across loading tool and bone holder and coupled to a variable frequency oscillator permits monitoring of specimen elasticity on a strip-chart recorder.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 17
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The area of new cell formation, the rate of proliferation, and the manner in which cells are lost from the intestinal epithelium in the turtle, Chrysemys picta, were studied using a cell labeling technique with tritiated thymidine and mitotic inhibiting technique with colchicine.In the intestinal epithelium of Chrysemys picta, cellular proliferation was observed to occur in the layer of cells adjacent to the basement membrane. Mitosis occurred throughout the epithelium at a fairly low rate (mitotic index 0.0016). In the upper intestine fewer labeled cells were found in the apical one-third of a villusfold than in either the mid or basal one-third. The time required to renew the intestinal epithelium, was estimated to be about eight weeks in winter turtles maintained at 20° to 24°C.Cell loss from the system appeared to be due to a randomly located movement of cells lumenward from the basement membrane.Mitotic activity in cold torpid turtles (11°C ambient temperature) appeared to be completely suppressed as shown by a lack of incorporation of tritiated thymidine and an absence of mitotic figures in the intestinal epithelium.The term villi-folds was proposed to provide a category for those animals possessing structures having characteristics both of villi and of folds as found in C. picta.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 148 (1964), S. 499-501 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The volumes of parenchymal cells and their nuclei in liver were calculated in white rats, Columba livia (rock pigeon), Calotes versicolor (garden lizard) and Bufo melanostictus (toad); from their optical area and cell thickness. The area was measured from camera lucida drawings. The largest cellular and nuclear volume was observed in rats and smallest in pigeons. The cell volume in toads was similar to that found in rats but they had smaller nuclei. The cellular and nuclear volumes in lizards were smaller than in toads; and in pigeons smaller than lizards. The significant difference, in both cellular and nuclear volumes that has been observed in different classes of vertebrate, cannot be correlated with the evolutionary changes.
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  • 19
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In the literature the nutrient artery to the diaphysis of the canine femur has been described as arising from the medial circumflex femoral artery which is a branch of the deep femoral artery. However in 19% to 100 canine hind extremities dissected after injection with colored media, the femoral nutrient artery arose from a large muscular branch (the proximal posterior femoral) of the superficial femoral artery. In 17% of 42 dogs one femur only was supplied by this variant. In three additional femurs other variations occurred.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 148 (1964), S. 573-579 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Fixation of the thyroid gland with formaldehyde-ethanol-acetic acid retains a larger proportion of colloid constituents than aqueous formaldehyde.Comparative histochemistry has revealed a larger proportion of protein, arginine, cabohydrates and iodinated material.The heterogeneous staining pattern was not observed after aqueous formaldehyde fixation.The intracellular globules and the early iodinated fraction of the colloid were similarly stained.Intracellular globules were not observed in aqueous formaldehyde-fixed tissues.Only the more slowly labeled fraction of the colloid (large follicles), was stained by toluidine blue and also by bromphenol blue without mercury, indicative of basic proteins.
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 149 (1964), S. 1-11 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Ectopic glomeruli and proximal convoluted tubules were found in the kidneys of the rat, cat, dog, rabbit and ferret and in the human full-term fetus. They lay in the connective tissue around the main intrarenal vessels and deep to the pelvic mucosa. Their afferent arterioles were long and gave branches to the pelvic mucosal plexus, while their efferents supplied the pelvic mucosa and the medulla, or one or the other of these tissues. In the rabbit the ectopic glomeruli often produced small cysts in the pelvic septum. Degenerating ectopic glomeruli were occasionally found and in the dog the majority of them showed this change. In the adult human kidney, aglomerular arteries supplied both the pelvic mucosa and the medulla and it is suggested that such arteries are the result of degeneration of ectopic glomeruli.
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 149 (1964), S. 49-55 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A purified diet lacking folic acid and containing 20 mg% of the antimetabolite, 9-methyl pteroylglutamic (folic) acid was fed to female Long-Evans rats during days eight and nine of pregnancy. Embryos were removed at autopsy on the tenth day of gestation for study and comparison with embryos from normal control pregnancies.Analysis of mitotic counts revealed that 18.6% of the cells in control embryos were in mitosis in contrast to only 5.7% in PGA-deficient embryos. A disproportionate reduction in anaphase and telophase stages was observed in conjunction with an increased percentage of cell at metaphase. Concomitantly with these mitotic changes a marked reduction in histochemically demonstrable RNA and in numbers of ribosomes as revealed by electron microscopy was observed.
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  • 23
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The perineal pigment spot of the C57 Black mouse was examined macro- and microscopically in animals ranging in age from 14 days post-fertilization to 28 days post-parturition. Dendritic pigment-containing cells first become evident in the dermis of the area on the sixteenth day post-fertilization. Throughout later stages of development, these pigmented cells continue to be restricted to the dermis of this area. Since the dopa treatment reveals the presence of a melanin synthesizing system within these cells, they are true melanocytes which have become restricted to this layer of the integument.Histological examination reveals a population of melanocytes in the epidermis and/or hair follicles also. These are rarely found over the center of the area but are seen in increasing numbers laterally from the ventral midline. In contrast, dermal melanocytes are heavily concentrated near the ventral midline but decrease in numbers laterally. There are, therefore, two opposing but complementary gradients of melanocytes in the integument of the pigment spot. This suggests the possibility that a precocious differentiation of the basement membrane in this area during embryonic development inhibits the passage of melanoblasts into the epidermis thereby causing them to be restricted to the dermis.
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  • 24
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Electron microscopic studies reveal that the red pulp of the rabbit spleen is composed of reticular cells, reticulum and elements of the blood circulating through it. The three types of reticular cells described follow no definite pattern as to types of spaces they line and are not always adjacent to a basement membrane. Similar or dissimilar cells may line a basement membrane on the same or opposing sides. The entire red pulp area is intercommunicating through pores and junctions of the several spaces and in that area in which no basement membrane exists, the cytoplasmic projections of the reticular cells form a meshwork of spaces. Terminal arterioles are seen to end in collapsed type channels with a change from endothelium to Type I reticular cells. These rapidly join dilated areas. The reticular network of the spleen appears as four types: homogeneous, fibrillar, a combination of these, and reticular cells only. Isolated cilia are found in the reticular cell cytoplasm and are shown to be associated with a basal body and a centriole. The investigation supported the hypothesis that the red pulp of the spleen in the adult rabbit is a functionally dynamic area constantly changing its histological structure, both regarding cells and state of the vascular channels.
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 148 (1964) 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 148 (1964), S. 219-229 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The ultimobranchial body was investigated in 63 specimens of Rana pipiens. The morphology is described for “typical” (unifollicular) glands and those found in animals in poor physiological (“stressed”) condition. The typical follicular epithelium is of a mixed pseudostratified type and includes “elongate” cells which extend from the basement membrane to the free surface. These contain elongated nuclei, prominent terminal lipid droplets and “deltoid bodies” which are triangular, homogeneously staining structures apical or basal to the nucleus. “Isometric” cells do not extend to the basement membrane. They posses intensely staining nuclei, few lipid droplets and no deltoid bodies. The stressed gland is multifollicular and degenerate. Mitochondria, lipid droplets, deltoid bodies and glycogen have been identified and are located in specific areas of the follicular cells. The secretory products within the lumina of the glands have tentatively been shown to contain acid mucopolysaccharides, carbohydrate-protein complexes, mucoproteins, lipid droplets and lipid complexes. These secretions may either represent possible precursors to future secretions or a retention of secretions produced during metamorphosis. The ultimobranchial body has shown no indication of degeneration in the adult.The ultimobranchial body in typical Rana is an active secretory gland which shows no indication of degeneration in normal adult anurans. Furthermore, it responds to fluctuations in environmental conditions as illustrated by its altered structure and varied types of secretion when stressed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 27
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Conventional radiographs of lungs of calves which had been injected post mortem with barium sulphate could not be used to demonstrate vessels smaller than 50 μ in diameter. To overcome this difficulty, frozen sections 50-150 μ thick were floated on to high resolution photographic plates and contact microradiographs made using soft radiation. The resultant microradiogram was then viewed and photographed with the light microscope. It was possible to visualize the smaller arterioles and the capillary networks around the alveoli. The technique is simple and gives reproducible results.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 28
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    The @Anatomical Record 148 (1964), S. 503-505 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: UDPG-glycogen synthetase was studied in the uterus of ovariectomized and ovariectomized-hormone treated rabbits and in the tongue. Following the biochemical technic of Leloir and Goldenberg it was not possible to demonstrate the enzyme in the uterus of the ovariectomized or ovariectomized treated animals. However, in the tongue the enzyme was present. The data from this study along with previous histochemical studies indicates that the glycogen in the uterine muscle is not synthesized through the UPDG pathway, but is synthesized from G-1-P by the action of phosphorylase. Since UDPG-glycogen synthetase can be demonstrated in the tongue a difference seems to exist in glycogen synthesis between the smooth muscle of the uterus and skeletal muscle of the tongue.
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  • 29
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 148 (1964) 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
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  • 30
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 148 (1964), S. 15-27 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The A-V node of the dog is composed of closely interwoven fibers which frequently connect with each other within a sparse collagen framework. Fibers from the interatrial septum enter the posterior half of the node along its superior and posterior margins, while the anterior half of the node is isolated from such connections. In addition there are fibers from the interatrial septum which bypass these marginal atrionodal junctions and instead enter the convex surface of the node, which lies beneath the right atrial endocardium. These bypassing fibers circumvent most of the interweaving fibers within the A-V node. At the posterior margin of the node, lying between it and the coronary sinus, there are ganglia and nerves, with the nerve fibers extending anteriorly through the A-V node into the A-V bundle. The only major anatomic difference between the human and canine A-V nodes is their arterial blood supply, that of man being derived from one source originating from the right coronary artery and that of the dog being from two sources, both of which originate from the left coronary artery.
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  • 31
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Experiments reveal that growth reactions may be evoked in amputated forelimbs of fully adult Rana pipiens and R. catesbiana by electrical stimulation of the normal limb nerve supply. The evoked growths were generally small cones, 5-10 mm in length; none developed into limbs of normal size and morphology, but some formed digits and cartilage and developed striated muscle. The combined influences of trauma, effected by salt treatment, and electrical stimulation of the nerve produced more growths than trauma or stimulation alone.
    Additional Material: 27 Ill.
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  • 32
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Vital staining by trypan blue was used to demonstrate macrophages within involuting (post-secretory), lactating and resting mammae of mice. Involution was produced by removal of the nursing young on the eighth day post-partum when maximal lactation was present. The number of macrophages in involutin mammae was not significantly greater than that found in the rsting glands of mice receiving comparable injections of dye. Macrophages (coarse, granular accmulations of trypan blue in cytoplasm) in involutin mammae were congregated around and within atrophic alveoli and small ducts, while in lactating and resting mammae they were located primarily in the areolar stroma. Plasma cells, lymphocytes and neutrophils were increased during involution, but the limited leucocytic response did not indicate that a significant inflammatory reaction was active in the process of involution. Difuse parenchymal staining, indicating cellular injury or death, was limited to the epithelium of necroptic ducts and alveoli of involuting glands. Granular deposits of dye, as in macrophages or renal tubular epitelium, were not seen in the resting, lacating or involuting mammary parenchyma.
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  • 33
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 149 (1964) 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
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  • 34
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Embryonic thymus provides a distinct advantage over the definitive thymus because the earliest formation of lymphocyte and lymphocytic precursors can be observed in a relatively simple and uncomplicated situation. Special cytological techniques combined with light, phase, and electron microscopy have been performed in this investigation involving over 150 chick embryos between 5 and 18 days of embryonic development.Sequential cytological changes in the development of the thymus into an active lymphocytopoietic organ indicate that lymphoblasts develop by the gradual proliferation and transformation of “undifferentiated” epithelial cells comprising the primordial thymus. Lymphoblastic transformation begins on the seventh day of embryonic development in the chick and is characterized by increased cytoplasmic and nucleolar basophilia and chromatin condensation. “Undifferentiated” epithelial cells undergo two distinct lines of differentiation between the seventh and tenth days: into lymphoblasts and into stellate reticular-epithelial cells which constitute the organ parenchyma. All stages of lymphocytic maturation may be observed by 10-11 days as the thymus assumes a predominately lymphocytic character. Absence of lymphocytes or lymphocytic precursors in the connective tissue surrounding the embryonic thymus before and during the period of initial lymphoblastic transformation; presence of a continuous basement membrane surrounding the developing thymus; and absence of cells passing through this membrane during this phase of development indicate that the lymphocytic elements appearing in the embryonic thymus parenchyma are of epithelial rather than mesenchymal derivation. Although a contribution of mesenchymal elements to the lymphocytic population via vascular invasion and lobular formation in later stages of thymic development is unlikely, this question cannot be answered at this time. In spite of functional immunological distinctions between the lymphocytes of the chick thymus and bursa of Fabricius, the similarity of origin of the lymphocytic elements of these lympho-epithelial organs is apparent.
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  • 35
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The cytoplasm of the megakaryocyte in the rat spleen possesses three zones, the perinuclear, intermediate and marginal. The perinuclear zone is characterized by the presence of Golgi apparatus, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria. These organelles are found also in the more voluminous intermediate zone which in addition exhibits platelet granules and an extensive development of vesicles from smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum to form demarcation membranes by coalescence. The marginal zone is almost devoid of the organelles and inclusions present elsewhere. Shedding of platelets appears to occur by extension of a paired demarcation membrane from the intermediate zone to the cell membrane and subsequent separation of its lamellae so that all of the essential organelles and inclusions of the intermediate zone may be included within the platelet. In addition, platelets contain vesicles which are probably pinocytotic in nature. Platelets are sometimes engulfed by the cytoplasm of phagocytic cells.
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  • 36
    Electronic Resource
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 149 (1964) 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
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  • 37
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A technique was devised for obtaining marrow-free trabecular bone so that the trabecular and cortical bone composition of dog, steer, monkey and man could be studied. Vertebral body was cut in the frontal plane into slices 2 mm thick with an electric band saw. The cortical bone encrircling each slice was trimmed off with a cleaver, leaving intact a lacy slice of trabecular bone. The marrow substance was washed away by fine and powerful jets of tap water obtained from an adjustable nozzle. Marrow washing was discontinued when no trace of red color was visible on holding the slice in front of a strong light source.The quantities of water, volatile inorganic, organic and ash fractions in cortical bone was alike for all species. Likewise, the trabecular bone fractions of each was quantitatively similar. In general, density and amount of ash in cortical bone was higher than that in trabecular bone. The water and ash:organic ratio were higher in trabecular than in cortical bones.Ratios of trabecular to cortical ash for the bones in an entire dog skeleton were also determined. Based on this, volume or mass of the various bone fraction may be estimated when the weight of the ash for any particular bone is known.
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  • 38
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A simple, rapid method is presented which permits qualitative evaluation of osteogenesis in tissue culture. Eleven-day embryonic chick tibiae, with distal and proximal condyles removed, were grown in organ culture for two weeks. Explants demonstrated subperiosteal osteogenesis, bridging of fracture defects, and formation of bone, de novo, over the cut cartilaginous end surfaces of explants.The method presented herein has several advantages over those previously described and may be adopted for an in vitro assay of materials to determine direct effects on osteogenesis. Large quantities of explants can be prepared easily and cultured to yield consistantly abundant quantities of osteoid. Bone which is formed over ends of anlage is particularly significant by virtue of its position. New bone formed elsewhere in explants, with the possible exception of the fracture sites, however, is difficult to distinguish from bone present before onset of cultivation. Further more, osteogenesis which occurs over the cut cartilaginous ends after a week of culture, probably results from favorable environmental conditions in vitro and not from cellular activity “preprogrammed” in ovo.In addition to osteogenesis, alteration of cartilage cells and matrix were observed in this system. Chondrocytes in the cut ends of the anlagen became spheroidal and resembled osteoblasts. Bone formation, however, was not observed about these cells. In and about lacunae of degenerating chondrocytes at the ends of the anlagen, collagen fibers appeared.
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  • 39
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    The @Anatomical Record 148 (1964), S. 129-137 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Congenital malformations of the hamster eye, consisting of microphthalmia and anophthalmia have been noted consistently in the offspring of pregnant hamsters treated with intravenous injections of colchicine, Vinacaleukoblastine (VLB) and Vincristine (VCR) on the eighth day of gestation. In an attempt to compare the mitotic-arresting activity of these three compounds on the lens and retina of the fetal hamster eye, various concentrations of the drugs were injected into pregnant hamsters on the fourteenth day of gestation and the fetuses recovered after three hours. Mitotic counts were done on comparable sections of lens and retinas of the fetuses. Colchicine has the most marked mitosis-inhibiting activity of these three drugs. The most effective mitosis-inhibiting dosage of colchicine also correlates with its most effective teratogenic dose. VLB and VCR do not inhibit mitosis in the fetal hamster eye as markedly as colchicine and their most effective mitosis-inhibiting dosages are equal to or above levels which cause a 95-100% embryonic mortality. It is possible that some common biological mechanism other than inhibition of mitosis may be responsible for the similar teratogenic activity of these compounds. The natural resistance of the golden hamster to colchicine does not appear to be manifest in the developing embryos in utero.
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  • 40
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Intimal proliferation in dog coronary arteries occurred in the vessel having the greatest range of motion. Within an involved segment of the artery, intimal proliferation could be related to the anatomy of the muscle bundles. Arterial muscle bundles originate from the adventitia, spiral around the artery and insert distally into the adventitia. The adventitia and the internal elastic lamina course along the long axis of the artery and are connected by elastin-collagen fibers. Intimal thickening developed under the muscle insertion sites in regions where the adventitia was apparently placed under tension. In these regions, the net force of a muscle bundle contraction increases and shearing would occur between a muscle bundle at its insertion site and the remaining bundles gliding past it. This local shear force would then be transmitted to the internal elastic lamina through the elastin-collagen fibers which connect it to the adventitia. Deformation and apparent injury of the internal elastica would follow and cause a fibrous tissue response. In the smaller arteries and arterioles, intimal proliferation occurred most prominently in the vessels supplying a mobile structure, i.e., anterior papillary muscle of the left ventricle.
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  • 41
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    The @Anatomical Record 148 (1964), S. 197-202 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This report on the early human ilium is based on the Streeter collection, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Department of Embryology, Baltimore. The five phases in chondrogenesis, described by Streeter for the humerus ('49) and the horizons (Streeter, '42) are used in the description of the changes observed in the ilium. From horizon XV (7-8 mm, 30-32 days) to horizon XVIII (14-16 mm, 36-38 days) component cells of the ilium are mesoblasts. In horizon XIX (17-20 mm, 38-40 days) young cartilage cells have appeared. Both phase 1 and phase 2 cells appear in horizon XX (21-23 mm, 40-42 days), the former characterized mainly by the first appearance of intercellular material, the latter by their slender shape and arrangement in tiers. Phase 3 cartilage cells, cuboidal with many vacuoles, appear in horizon XXI (22-24 mm, 42-44 days). Increasing vacuolization of the cytoplasm of cells is noted throughout horizons XXII and XXIII until, in horizon XXIII (28-30 mm, 46-48 days) total disintegration of cells, a feature of phase 5, is evident. Thus the phases of cartilage differentiation described for the humerus are present also in the ilium.
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  • 42
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The luminal and glandular epithelia of the rat uterus during delayed implantation have been studied with the electron microscope. The tall columnar cells of the luminal epithelium are characterized by a distinct zonation of organelles. On the free surface there are short microvilli and occasional cytoplasmic extrusions, with terminal bars joining adjacent cells at their apical margins. Beneath the free surface are numerous pinocytotic vesicles and mitochondria. Above the nucleus are a prominent Golgi apparatus with large dilated vacuoles, and numerous dense inclusion bodies. Large clusters of lipid droplets and aggregations of mitochondria occupy the basal zone of the cell.The apical portion of the gland cell has fewer pinocytotic vesicles and the Golgi is smaller than in the luminal epithelial cells. Dense bodies are numerous above the nucleus. The basal portion of the gland cell is devoid of lipid, but there are often one or more enlarged mitochondria. Although a dense PAS+ substance fills the lumina of the glands, there is no obvious evidence of secretory activity in the glands during delay.The relationships of the epithelia to the environment of the blastocysts during delay is discussed.
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  • 43
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
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  • 44
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 114 (1964), S. 173-205 
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
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  • 45
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 46
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 114 (1964), S. 393-402 
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 47
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    American Journal of Anatomy 114 (1964), S. 403-433 
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 48
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 115 (1964), S. 185-197 
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: CFl female mice were time mated and the embryos at each gestation day from 0.0 to 18.0 were x-rayed to 100 r and the young carried to four months at which time a skeletal study was made. With this exposure the litters were reduced in size, following irradiation at certain gestation ages, and there was neo-natal mortality so that this skeletal study is based upon the survivors to four months and represents the maximum development under the conditions of irradiation. The sex ratio was not altered by this irradiation. Male mice of this strain are always heavier than the females of the same age, and this exposure reduced the over-all average of either sex by 2.5 grams. The skeletal measurements were taken from 1,005 radiographs of the living animals, and the averages calculated for each gestation day. There were sex differences in stunting, even when x-irradiation occurred before day 9.0. When the differences were pronounced the female was the more adversely affected. The highest statistical significance in skeletal effects of seven measurements was between 11 and 13 days, when the embryo shows the earliest skeletal differentiation. Such mice were topographically well developed.
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  • 49
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The normal bovine sperm tail consists of the classical 9 + 9 + 2 fiber pattern bound anteriorly by the mitochondrial helix and posteriorly by the fibrous helix except for the last 2 to 3 μ.The outer ring of nine coarse fibers originate as laminated columns, beginning from a common base which is located in a recess at the base of the head. The fibers taper posteriorly ending at different levels in the principal piece. Evidence is presented for the alternate contraction and expansion of the laminated segments of the coarse fibers in the neck  -  the probable mechanism for initiating the flagellar wave.The mitochondrial helix is composed of several mitochondrial strands of different length. Each strand consists of several elongated mitochondria positioned end to end. Apparently the strands of mitochondria may begin or end at various locations along the middle piece. The number of turns in the mitochondrial helix was found to vary from approximately 65 to 75 turns among cells. The helix binds the axial fiber bundle with a pitch of 20 to 25° over most of the middle piece. The mitochondria are double-walled and possess internal cristae that are vesicular or tubular in structure.The fibrous helix consists of dense, circumferential strands of variable thickness and shape with two longitudinal elements on opposite sides of the helix. Both the circumferential strands and the longitudinal elements become thinner as they progress posteriorly.
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  • 50
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The processes involved in the release of secretory products from the parenchymal cells and the movement of these products into the circulating blood were studied by electron microscopic observations on the adenohypophyses of virgin estrous rabbits. The released secretory products were found in the form of discrete granules, with or without a perigranular membrane, in intercellular spaces, between the plasma membrane and the parenchymal basement membrane, in the perivascular space, in the endothelial cytoplasm, and in the lumen of capillaries. Vesicles containing material which resembled that in the perivascular space were observed in endothelial cells.Interpretation of these observations has led to the proposal of the theory that secretory products of the adenohypophysis may be liberated from parenchymal cells in the following way: by fusion of the perigranular membrane with the plasma membrane (merocrine) or by the detachment of small processes containing secretory granules (“microapocrine”). It is further believed that the discharged products may be transported into circulation in three different manners: by diffusion of dissolved material through the fenestrated endothelium, by active transport of dissolved secretory products by the endothelial cells, or by active transport of intact secretory granules through the endothelial cytoplasm.
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  • 51
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The submaxillary glands of the adult desert rat, antelope squirrel, rat, mouse and hamster have in common low levels of amylolytic enzyme in comparison with the relatively high levels of parotid gland amylase in these rodents. Submaxillary gland acini are classed as seromucous secreting although there is some variation in the carbohydrate histochemistry of these secreting units. Granular tubules are absent in antelope squirrel submaxillary glands and they are present in the submaxillary glands of the desert rat, rat, mouse and hamster. Electron micrographs reveal the presence of numerous basal folds in the acini of antelope squirrel submaxillary and parotid glands. These structures were not observed in the salivary gland acini of the hamster. Golgi membranes and “immature” secretion granules are topographically intimate in parotid glands of the hamster and antelope squirrel. In the submaxillary glands of these two rodents, the secretory material appears to originate in relation to the endoplasmic reticulum and secondarily, the granules become associated with a diffusely arranged system of Golgi membranes. The sublingual glands of all the rodents of this study are predominantly ones that produce mucous secretion and contain well developed striated duct systems. Of the salivary glands investigated in this study, the parotid glands of the rat, mouse and desert rat produce an isotonic saliva; the saliva of the other glands is definitely hypotonic.
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  • 52
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    The @Anatomical Record 148 (1964), S. 1-14 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In the testes of man and some other mammals a structure is formed during reproductive age, designated a “receptacle”. This structure which is not present during infancy represents the first communication of the seminiferous tubules to an extragonadal organ the rete “organ,” the receptacles received the mature spermatozoa which later are transported to the mesonephric excretory duct through the rete tubules. The receptacles are the distal end of the rete tubules and are considered as coelomic funnels.The epithelium of the receptacles, the tubuli recti and rete tubules is identical in infantile and mature testes and of a different type than the epithelium of the seminiferous tubules.The receptacle consists of a distal dilatation of the tubuli recti in which the seminiferous tubule invaginates following the ruptures of their walls. Identical receptacles are present in man, horse (Equus caballus), armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus mexicanus), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), dog (Canis familiaris), cat (Felix domesticus), hamster (mesocricetus auratus) and woodhuck (Marmota monax). In the mule (sterile offspring of a mare and a jackass) the receptacles lack communications.The presence of mature spermatozoa is believed to be the proper stimulus for the formation of the receptacles which established the communications between the seminiferous tubules and the rete tubules.The receptacles, tubuli recti and rete testis are part of an organ which accomplished the connection of the gonad to its mesonephric excretory system.
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  • 53
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    The @Anatomical Record 148 (1964), S. 121-122 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
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  • 54
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    The @Anatomical Record 148 (1964), S. 149-159 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A marginal sinus, formed by the anastomosed terminations of white pulp capillaries, bounds the inner edge of the marginal zone. The endothelial lining on the nodular surface is complete. Pores appear along the lateral aspect thus allowing blood to pass freely into the interstices of the marginal zone. A dense aggregation of Marshall's metalophil cells occurs in the region of the marginal sinus. Such cells are lacking in the marginal zone.Intravenous injections of particulate matter were used to determine the course of blood flow and phagocytic potential. Ten minutes after injections, particles were found to be dispersed among the cells of the marginal zone. None were found in the marginal metalophils. In four hours the particles had cleared the marginal zone and were within red pulp macrophages. In a few rats, the marginal metalophils reacted positively to tests for iron. It is concluded that marginal metalophils represent a large reserve of potential phagocytes situated at a point where blood first leaves capillaries to enter tissue interstices.
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  • 55
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    The @Anatomical Record 148 (1964), S. 171-176 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A control group of guinea pigs ovulated 3.43 ± 0.41 ova or 1.72 ova per ovary. Unilateral ovariectomy (semispaying) on day 1 resulted in the ovulation of 3.71 ± 0.37 ova from the remaining ovary, whereas after semispaying on days 5 and 10, 2.80 ± 0.12 eggs were ovaluated. Unilateral ovariectomy during days 12, 14 and just prior to ovulation resulted in the same number of ova being ovulated from the remaining ovary as from the initial ovary removed. Semispaying at any day during the cycle did not alter cycle length.At day 1, all follicles from the previous cycle were atretic. At day 5 the current population of follicles were well developed with no atresia present. Ovaries removed on days 5, 10, and 12 had approximately the same distribution of large follicles with atresia appearing in all size ranges. At day 14, the number of large follicles was markedly decreased. However, after semispaying at day 5, the remaining ovary at day 14 had twice the number of Graafian follicles and twice the amount of atresia in these size ranges as the normal day 14 ovary.It is therefore likely that the compensatory response after unilateral ovariectomy in the guinea pig is due to an increase in the rate of proliferation of smaller sized follicles into larger ones. Day 12 seems to be the critical period of the guinea pig cycle. At this time, regression of the corpora lutea occurs, and perhaps of significance, the ability of the animal to compensate for unilateral ovariectomy is also lost.
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  • 56
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    The @Anatomical Record 148 (1964), S. 209-217 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In seven human fetuses of C.R. lengths ranging from 38 mm to 100 mm primary ossification of the ilium has been described.In the 38 mm fetus the perichondrium at the caudal border of the ilium in the vicinity of the greater sciatic notch is intensely basophilic and contains osteoblasts. In another 38 mm fetus in the same area new bone is present.In the 50 mm fetus bone has spread cephalad over the internal and external surfaces of the ala of the ilium without invading the underlying cartilage.In the 58 mm fetus pores are present in the bone and through them osteoblasts and vascular elements are invading the disintegrated cartilage to form the primary marrow cavity.In the 66 mm fetus the primary marrow cavity has spread into the ala of the ilium.The whole process is similar to that seen in the primary ossification of the shaft of a typical long bone and follows the sequence described by Streeter ('49).
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  • 57
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    The @Anatomical Record 148 (1964), S. 253-426 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstracts of papers presented at the 77th meeting of the American Association of Anatomists at the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, March 31, April 1, 2, 3, 1964.The abstracts are listed in alphabetical sequence by senior author in four lists as follows: papers presented from platform, papers read by title, demonstrations and motion picture demonstration abstracts.Names of authors who are guests of the Association are marked with an asterisk.
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  • 58
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    The @Anatomical Record 148 (1964) 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
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  • 59
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    The @Anatomical Record 148 (1964), S. 485-497 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The secretion of protein by the acinar cells of the pancreas occurs in two steps: the synthesis of the protein from amino acids and its migration through the cell to the acinar lumen. Since very soon (one minute) after the injection of leucine-H3 the labeled protein is found mainly in the ergastoplasm of the basal half of the cell, protein synthesis is believed to occur in this location. At later intervals the labeled protein is found in the Golgi complex (10 and 30 minutes), and then in the zymogen granules of the apical half of the cell (60 minutes). The newly synthesized protein thus migrates from the ergastoplasm to the Golgi complex, and from there as zymogen granules through the apical half of the cell prior to being released in the acinar lumen.
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  • 60
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Colloidal mercuric sulfide injected into the rete testis adhered to the stereocilia of the epithelial cells and subsequently moved into a highly developed canalicular system in the apical cytoplasm. The canalicular invaginations of the cell surface arising between the stereocilia lead to cytoplasmic vacuoles that concentrate the particulate matter. The limiting membrane of the stereocilia and of the canaliculi and vacuoles is covered by a layer of amorphous material. It is speculated that this may bind particles, molecules, and ions as does an ion exchange resin, and that it may, in this way, act as a carrier in the uptake and transport of substances by cells.
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  • 61
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    The @Anatomical Record 148 (1964), S. 507-516 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In this study the distribution of mast cells in the cephalic, middle, or caudal portions of the uterine horns did not differ. In cross-sections, however, mast cells were most numerous in the myometrium, intermediate in the tunica vasculare of the endometrium and least in the mucosa. In the endometrium, the mast cells were most numerous in the antimesometrial, least in the mesometrial and intermediate in the lateral quadrants. In the myometrium, however, the relative numbers of mast cells between the quadrants varied according to the day in the estrous cycle.On days 1 (the day after estrus), 2, 3, and 4, (the day of proestrus) of the estrous cycle, there were respectively 42.7, 21.8, 22.5 and 10.7 mast cells in the endometrium per 12 μ sections. The differences in means between groups was highly significant (P 〈 0.001). In mated females on 67, 79, 91, 103, 115, and 151 hours after ovulation, there were respectively 9.4, 8.4, 4.7, 5.6, 2.1, and 2.2 mast cells in the endometrium per 12 μ cross-section. The differences in the means were not significant.The mean number of mast cells per 12 μ cross-sections of uteri of ovariectomized females was 20 ± 8. Subcutaneous injections of 0.3 gamma estrogen did not significantly alter the number of mast cells but 0.6 gamma depressed the mean count to 11 ± 7.It appeared from these studies that the uterine mast cell numbers were related to the cyclic phenomena of estrous, but that the numerical relationship to the time of nidation was not clear.
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964) 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
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    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 3-4 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 5-5 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 6-7 
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 8-9 
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 10-11 
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 12-13 
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 14-17 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 18-21 
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 22-22 
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 23-25 
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 26-28 
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 29-35 
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 36-49 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 50-52 
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 53-56 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 57-58 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 59-62 
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 63-64 
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 65-68 
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 69-70 
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 73-81 
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 71-72 
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 82-84 
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964) 
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 87-125 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 88
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 147-158 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The equipment and operational techniques are described which were found suitable to control pH in the range 6.8-7.8 pH, within ±0.03 pH units of the desired value, at cell concentrations up to a maximum of 2.5 × 106/ml. The results of batch growth of a suspension strain of the BHK cell (clone 13) under conditions of controlled pH are given and the significance of these results is discussed.
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  • 89
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 127-146 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Sugar molasses of high specific activity is prepared by photosynthesizing C14O2 into sugar in a leaf of the Canna plant and then extracting the sugar. When T. utilis is grown in such a medium about 45% of the radioactivity is incorporated into the yeast cell; the remaining radioactivity is carbon dioxide and volatile organic compounds. The cells are now randomly labeled in all carbon compounds. Distribution of C14 in the major cell components, such as protein, polysaccharide, and nucleic acids is shown.Nucleic acid is extracted from the cells and subject to chemical and enzyme action, for the preparation of randomly labeled ribonucleotides. Proteins are isolated and hydrolyzed to yield high specific activity amino acids, up to 150 mc. per millimole. Similarly polysaccharides are also isolated and from them high specific activity glucose and mannose are obtained by acid hydrolysis.By growing T. utilis in a medium containing C14-8-adenine and C14-2-uracil, these bases are about 90% incorporated into the nucleic acids of the cell. Using the same methods described for the uniformly labeled nucleic acid only base labeled nucleosides and nucleotides are prepared.Preparative procedures for the isolation of some of these compounds are discussed. The latest biochemical techniques for their purification are described. Methods for assaying for radiochemical purity and problems concerining stability of high specific activity compounds are discussed.
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 159-165 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A method has been devised for the estimation in fermentation media, of 1-dehydro-17-α-methyltestosterone in the presence of 17-α-methyltestosterone. This method involves the extraction of the steroids with chloroform, and spectrophotometric measurement of the chromogen formed by a specific color reaction with sulfuric acid and 1-dehydro-17-α-methyltestosterone. The fermentation liquor and 17-α-methyltestosterone do not interfere. With this rapid (30 min.) method, quantitative tests on the progress of the steroid transformation can be made at frequent intervals during one fermentation run, these tests yielding the necessary information for an adequate control of the optimum conditions of production.
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 167-171 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Solubilization of proteins from cereals, legumes, and oil seed cakes by alkali peptization and isoelectric precipitation is adversely affected if the source material is pretreated by ethanol or cooked under pressure. The degree of hydrolysis by trypsin of protein isolates obtained from unautoclaved materials is, however, considerably raised by heat treatment prior to enzymatic digestion.
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 173-190 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A 2000 l. 1 m. deep mass culture of algae was operated with continuous stirring, as an open system. The system behaved as an ecological unit selecting the most favored species. The ecological conditions could be modified by stirring speed and pattern in the tank. Methods for improving yields and utilization of CO2 are described. Assessment of algal species for suitability in mass cultures is discussed. Yields obtained were 13 g. dry matter/sq. m. illuminated area/day.
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 223-234 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A method of performing electrophoretic separations in a thin horizontal layer of continuously flowing buffer has been developed. The theoretical considerations that make possible the use of a thin layer for stabilization against convection effects, without the assistance of a packing material, are discussed. The apparatus is described together with an example of its performance, and a comparison with that of other workers.
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 191-221 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Distillers' yeasts, strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, although capable of sexual reproduction, in distillery practice reproduce asexually, by budding. A cell may bring forth another one in 50 min. With every ounce of whiskey produced, 30 billion new cells come to existence. Within a few days, in 4-8 propagation stages, a test tube full of culture will populate 100,000 gallons beer with 150 million cells per ml. Rate of reproduction, the number of new cells per each original cell varies from 5 to 50 in the various propagation stages. The number of new cells produced in a given nutrient is independent from the number of initial cells; and the utilization of the nutrient increases with the dilution of the substrate. Although distillers' yeasts may reproduce at such extremes as 1-46°C, 2½-10½ pH, presence of 0-15% alcohol by volume, and 0.1-25% sugar content, in distillery practice the factors are so selected to maintain conditions close to the optimum. When placed in the nutrient the initial cells will measure the chemical and physical characteristics of the new living space and the cell population, and will prepare a design of reproduction best suited to the conditions. The design includes a symmetry in the grouping of the cells and a rhythmic timing in starting new buds. Each healthy cells is biologically equal to the others and is capable of performing all functions characteristic of the strain. In spite of the sensitive coordination system between the individual cells that regulates their activity, marked differences exist among the cells to the degree of cell individuality. Distillers yeasts are superbly equipped to live and reproduce.
    Additional Material: 23 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 235-240 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The operation and construction of a liquid-liquid chromatography apparatus containing differentially permeable partions is described. The method is of value for the separation of heat sensitive and nonvolatile solutes.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 241-242 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 243-243 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 245-245 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 243-243 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964) 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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