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  • 1990-1994  (759)
  • 1992  (759)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (732)
  • crystal structure  (128)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1572-8862
    Keywords: Manganese ; agostic ; crystal structure ; CH activation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Agostic interactions of CH bonds with metal atoms are currently of great interest. UV irradiation of Mn2(CO)8 (PMe2Ph)2 in the presence of the HC≡COEt yielded the new compound Mn2(CO)6(PMe2Ph)2 [μ-C(OEt)=C(H)C=C(H)C=O(OEt)],1 that contains a strong agostic interaction of an olefinic CH bond to one of the managanese atoms, Mn...C=2.349(5), Mn...H=2.01(4). This interaction can be removed (reversibly) by CO addition (25°C/1000 psi) to1 to yield the new complex Mn2(CO)7(PMe2Ph)2[μ-C(OEt)=C(H)C=C(H)C=O(OEt)],2.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1572-8862
    Keywords: Heterometallic-heterobridging cubane-type tetranuclear cluster ; preparation ; crystal structure ; molecular orbital calculation ; quasi-aromaticity ; copper ; molybdenum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract By the reaction of cluster [Mo3OS3](dtp)4(H2O) used as starting material with CuI using [3+1] mode, two novel heterometallic-heterobridging cubane-type tetranuclear cluster compounds [CuMo3OS3]·I·(μ-OAc)[S2P(OC2H5)2]3·L [(I)L=py, (II)L=DMF] [dtp=S2P(OC2H5)2; OAc=OOCCH3] containing [CuMo3OS3] core have been obtained. Compounds (I) and (II) have been characterized by IR, EPR, UV-VIS, electrochemistry and X-ray crystallography. By comparison of these two compounds with the analogous [CuMo3S4] series in the structure and molecular orbital calculation, the influence of mixed S/O bridging on the structure is discussed. It is demonstrated that the {Mo3S3} cluster ring in [Mo3OS3]4+ possesses a similar quasi-aromaticity to [Mo3S4]4+. Crystal data: for (I), space group= $$P\overline 1 $$ ,a=13.781(8)Å,b=14.523(6)Å,c=12.098(6)Å, α=98.37(4)°, β=109.41(5)°, γ=105.00(5)°,V=2133(2)Å3,Z=2,R=0.058; for (II), space group= $$P\overline 1 $$ ,a=13.215(4)Å,b=17.818(8)Å,c=9.873(4)Å, α=106.06(4)°, β=109.78(3)°, γ=82.00(3)°,V=2100(2)Å3,Z=2,R=0.045.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1572-8951
    Keywords: Non-topochemical reaction ; crystal structure ; lattice energy calculations ; thermal motion analysis ; disorder
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The molecular and crystal structure of 2,5-dibenzylidenecyclopent-3-ene-1-one has been studied in detail to explain the formation of a non-topochemical pseudo-mirror-symmetric dimer upon photoirradiation. Packing energy calculations, analysis of the thermal motion, and lattice energy calculations are employed to analyse and understand the observed dimerization reaction, crystal structure, and crystal properties.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of superconductivity 5 (1992), S. 33-38 
    ISSN: 1572-9605
    Keywords: Yttrium ; copper ; X-ray ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Single crystals of Y2Cu2O5 were obtained in the flux growth process by controlled heating of a mixture of Y2O3, BaO, and CuO in a molar ratio of 1∶8∶20. These crystals were analyzed by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystal contains polymeric chains of Cu2O5 interspersed by yttrium ions surrounded by octahedral arrangements of oxygen atoms. Crystal data: space group=Pna21,a=10.799(2) Å,b=3.4990(5) Å,c=12.459(2) Å,Z=4, 380 reflections,R=0.026,R w=0.030.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: pharmaceutical salt selection ; salts of p-aminosalicylic acid ; hydrates ; crystal structure ; thermal stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The potassium (K), sodium (NA), calcium (CA), and magnesium (MG) salts of p-aminosalicylic acid were obtained, and their thermal behavior was characterized by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). Their crystal and molecular structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction after powder patterns had shown them to be nonisomorphous. Different degrees of hydration were observed for the solid salts, and an assessment of hydrate stability to dehydration was made from thermogravimetric studies. The onset temperature of dehydration (T t) of each salt varied within the series and exhibited correlation with X-ray determined structure. The observed onset of dehydration of MG and CA was higher than that of NA and is consistent with stronger ion-dipole interactions for the divalent salts. Crystallographic determination of the bond lengths between the metal ion and the water oxygens were 2.4 and 2.9 Å for NA, between 2.0 and 2.1 Å for MG, and 2.4 Å for CA. The open nature and presence of a channel feature in the structure of the sodium salt may have facilitated escape of water molecules from the crystal. Particle presentation (e.g., size, crystallinity) was also shown to affect dehydration behavior.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 9 (1992), S. 365-371 
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: celiprolol ; crystal structure ; two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The crystal structure and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra and assignments of celiprolol, N′-[3-acetyl-4[3-[N-t-butylamino-2-hydroxypropoxy]phenyl]-N, N-diethylurea, are reported. Celiprolol crystallizes in the monoclinic space group, P2l/a, with a = 9.081(2), b = 13.800(4), and c = 17.471(5) Å and β = 95.04(2)°. Structure was solved by direct methods; structure refinement to R of 0.058. Intermolecular hydrogen-bonding in the crystal is discussed. The 1H, 13C, and two-dimensional (2D) NMR spectra of the hydrochloride have been obtained and definitive signal assignments made.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cluster science 3 (1992), S. 123-144 
    ISSN: 1572-8862
    Keywords: Molybdenum ; tungsten ; crystal structure ; reduction ; acetate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Four new compounds having nine cluster electrons and cores of the types Mo3OCl3, Mo3OBr3, and W3OCl3 are reported. Compound (1) prepared by reduction of [Bu4N][Mo3OCl6(OAc)3] in THF with metallic zinc, was shown by X-ray crystallography to be Mo3OCl4(OAc)3 (THF)2 (1). It forms crystals in space groupP21 with unit cell dimensionsa=9.472(2) Å,b=13.546(4) Å,c=9.652(2) Å, β=101.70(2)°,V=1201(1) Å3,Z=2. The [Mo3(μ3-O)(μ-Cl)3]4+ core is surrounded by three μ-O2CCH3 anions, one Cl−, and two THF and has Mo-Mo distances of 2.620(1) Å, 2.613(1) Å, and 2.530(1) Å, with the shortest bond between the two Mo atoms to which the THF molecules are coordinated. Compounds [Bu4N]2 [Mo3OBr6(O2CCH3)3] · Me2CO, (2) and [Mo3OBr3(O2CCH3)3(PMe3)3]3 · BF4, (3) are the first two nine-electron Mo3 species with a [Mo3(μ3-O) Br3]4+ core. Both were obtained by zinc reduction of [Mo3OBr6(O2CCH3)3]− in the presence of (NBu4) Br (2) or PMe3 and NaBF4 (3), and each was characterized crystallographically. Compound (2) crystallized in space group Cc with unit cell dimensionsa=25.037(5) Å,b=12.827(2) Å,c=21.484(4) Å, β=122.96(1)0,V=5790(3) Å3,Z=4. While the anion has no crystallographically required symmetry, its virtual symmetry is C3v . The Mo-Mo distances are 2.619(2) Å, 2.610(3) Å, 2.644(2) Å, with a mean value of 2.624[14] Å. Compound (3) crystallized in space groupP21/c with unit cell dimensionsa=10.846(2) Å,b=25.033(5) Å,c=12.641(5) Å, β=94.74(2)0,V=3420(2) Å3,Z=4. The cation occupies a general position but has virtual C3v symmetry, with Mo-Mo distances of 2.601(2) Å, 2.610(2) Å, 2.627(2) Å, with a mean value of 2.613[14] Å. Thus the anionic and cationic Mo3 clusters in (2) and (3), respectively, have average Mo-Mo distances that are equal within experimental error. Compound (4), [NEt4]2 [W3OCl6(O2CCH3)3] is the first 9-electron compound of this type containing tungsten. It was prepared by reduction of [Et4N][W3OCl6(OAc)3] in benzene with Na/Hg. It crystallized in space groupP212121 with unit cell dimensionsa=11.076(2) Å,b=14.345(2) Å,c=21.026(3) Å,V=3574(1) Å3,Z=4. The anion resides on a general position but has virtual C3v symmetry, with W-W distances of 2.577(1) Å, 2.612(1) Å, 2.584(1) Å and a mean value of 2.591[15] Å.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 12 (1992), S. 377-387 
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: Charles Pedersen ; crown ethers ; phenol-pendant cyclam-zinc(II) complex ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The molecular structure of phenol-pendant cyclam-zinc(II) complex,4a, has been determined by X-ray structure analysis. Crystals of4a · ClO4 · CH3OH (C16H27N4OZn · ClO4 · CH3OH) are monoclinic, space groupP21/nn, with four molecules in the unit cell of dimensionsa=31.198(2) Å,b=8.426(1) Å,c=8.214(1) Å, andβ=93.96(1)°. The structure was solved by the heavy atom method and refined anisotropically toR=0.044,R w=0.062 for 1551 independent reflections. The complex assumes a five-coordinate, square pyramidal geometry, where zinc(II) is surrounded by the cyclam moiety in a planar fashion with the pendant phenolate anion occupying an axial position. An extremely short Zn-O(phenolate) bond distance of 1.983(5) Å, in conjunction with the 0.288 Å displacement of Zn(II) above the cyclam N4 plane toward the phenolate, accounts for the extremely low pK a value of 5.8 for the pendant phenol. These facts about4a, in comparison with the previous findings for the Ni(II) (4b) and Cu(II) complexes (4c) with the same ligand, illustrate well the characteristics of zinc(II) ion coordination properties.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: Calix[4]arene ; crystal structure ; second-sphere coordination ; nickel(II) ; copper(II) ; pyridine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The title compounds crystallize such that bilayers of calixarenes are separated by hydrophilic layers. In each case the transition metal has, in addition to a primary sphere of ligands, a second-sphere coordination by a calixarene. [(H2O)5Ni(NC5H5)]2(Na)[calix[4]arene sulfonate]·3.5 H2O,1, crystallizes in the triclinic space groupP $$\bar 1$$ witha = 12.487(4),b = 14.281(2),c = 15.055(5) Å, α = 85.66(2), β = 80.07(2), γ = 80.48(2)°, andD c = 1.64 g cm−3 forZ = 2. Refinement based on 2441 observed reflections led to a finalR value of 0.066. There are two different environments for the nickel-containing cations: one is positioned within the hydrophilic layer with the pyridine ligand intercalated into the hydrophobic calixarene bilayer and the other is also positioned within the hydrophilic layer, but the pyridine ligand is inserted into the hydrophobic cavity of the calix[4]arene. [(H2O)4Cu(NC5HS)2](H3O)3[calix[4]arene sulfonate]·10 H2O,2, crystallizes in the triclinic space groupP $$\bar 1$$ witha = 15.438(4),b = 15.727(6),c = 12.121(9) Å, α = 112.74(4), β = 102.02(4), γ = 85.34(4)°, andD c = 1.57 g cm−3 forZ = 2. Refinement based on 3925 observed reflections led to a finalR value of 0.107. The structure is similar to that of 1 except that the one copper-containing cation spans the hydrophilic layer and is intercalated into the bilayer of calixarenes on one side and positioned into the calixarene cavity on the other.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: Cation binding ; crown ether ; crystal structure ; lariat ether ; synthesis ; triaza-18-crown-6
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Details of a new synthetic approach to 4,10,16-triaza-18-crown-6 (‘triaza-18-crown-6’) are reported, along with the preparation and binding properties of the following derivatives having the indicated sidearms: CH2C≡CH, CH2CH2OH, CH2CH2OCH3, COCH2OCH3,CH2COOCH2CH3, CH2C6H5, and CH2C6H4−2−NO2. A key intermediate in the synthesis of triaza-18-crown-6 is 4-N-toluenesulfonyl-1,7,13-trioxa-4,10,16-triazacyclooctadecane-9,17-dione. This compound is found by solid state structure analysis to fold to form an intramolecular, doubly-hydrogen bonded complex in which the two N-H protons interact with the two tosyl group oxygens. Details of the structure are reported.
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  • 11
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: Dioxocyclam ; 5,7-dioxo-1,4,8,11-tetra-azacyclotetradecane ; platinum tetrachloride ; crystal structure ; paramagnetic properties of ionic stacked structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The paramagnetic complex salt of diprotonated dioxocyclam (1,11-dihydro-5,7-dioxo-1,4,8,11tetra-azacyclotetradecane), Pt(II) tetrachloride and water has been synthesized in strongly acidic medium and identified by X-ray structure analysis. The crystals of [(C10H22N4O2)2+(PtCl4)2−]·H2O are monoclinic, space groupP21 c,M r=585.23,a=9.516(1) Å,b=11.926(1) Å,c=16.622(2) Å,β=102.88(2)°,V=1839(1)Å3,Z=4,D x=2.114 g cm−3, λ(MoK α)=0.70930 Å,μ=83.1 cm−1,F(000)=1128,T=292 K,R=0.019 for 2808 observed reflections withI 〉 3δ(I). Alternating moieties of diprotonated dioxocyclam and a PtCl 2− 4 anion form columns running down the c axis. Water molecules are localized in the intercolumnar space and contribute to the extensive hydrogen bond network. The macrocycle conformation is characterized by two sequences of torsional angles, corresponding to two different subunits. The shorter sequence idealized as (-sc, ap, -ac, + ac, ap, +sc) [sc( ±60°), ac( ±120°), ap(180°)], describing the C pseudosymmetric part of the molecule, is centered on a -CH2 group between the two peptide O-C-N-H fragments. The opposite C pseudosymmetric subunit has a nearly (-sc, ac, -SC, ap)2 conformation. Pt is square planar coordinated by four Cl atoms, Pt-Clαve = 2.306(8) Å. The shortest Pt ... Pt distance is 7.200(1) Å.
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 14 (1992), S. 247-256 
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: Inclusion compounds ; calixarene ; crystal structure ; hydrogen bonding ; amines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The structure of thep-t-butyldihomooxacalix[4]arene triethylamine (1 : 2 complex has been determined by X-ray crystallography. Crystals are monoclinic, space groupCc,a = 22.821(3),b = 15.257(3),c = 16.365(2) Å,β = 97.44(1)°,V = 5650(1) Å3,Z = 4,D calc = 1.03 g cm−3. One triethylamine (Et3N) molecule has one of its ethyl groups pointing inside the cavity of a calixarene molecule; its nitrogen atom is directed exo to this calixarene molecule and is involved in a hydrogen bond with one of the hydroxy groups of a neighbouring calixarene molecule. This scheme leads to columns of alternating host and guest molecules. The other Et3N molecule is in the interhost space. This feature allows us to define the title compound as a complex/clathrate hybrid.
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  • 13
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: 1,2-Dialkylated calix[4]arene ; crystal structure ; ethanol inclusion complex ; intramolecular hydrogen bonding patterns
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The crystal structure of the title compound (1 · C2H5OH) has been determined by single-crystal X-ray analysis and refined to anR-value of 0.074 for 2732 observed reflections [I 〉 2.0σ(I)]. Crystals are triclinic, space group P $$\bar 1$$ , witha = 13.6150(18),b = 13.7195(11),c = 16.5497(16) Å, α = 73.132(7),β = 66.165(9), γ = 65.580(8)° andZ = 2. Calix[4]arene (1) adopts a relatively open distorted cone conformation in the solid state, with two pendantsyn-proximal O-CH2-Py groups. The major conformation determining features in (1 · C2H5OH) are the presence of (a) an intramolecular O-H...O hydrogen bond between adjacent proximal phenolic oxygens, O...O 2.719(7) Å and (b) an intramolecular O-H...N hydrogen bond between a phenolic oxygen and a proximal pyridinyl nitrogen, O...N 2.810(8) Å. The intramolecular hydrogen bonding and the interplanar angles of 65.1(3) and 50.7(3)° between opposite aromatic rings facilitate the inclusion of an ethanol molecule within the calixarene cup.
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: Crown compound ; potassium thiocyanate ; crown cation complex ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Single crystal X-ray analysis of the hydrated KSCN complex of benzodinaphthopyridino-21-crown-7 (1) (1 : 1 : 1) is reported. Crystals of the complex are orthorhombic,Pnma, withα = 16.946(4),b = 22.298(4),c = 10.390(8) Å andD c = 1.184 g cm−1,Z = 4. The host macroring (1) has a mirror symmetry and exists in a so-called ‘dentists chair’ conformation. The cation (K−) is coordinated to all the six ether oxygen atoms and also weakly to the pyridine N atom. The SCN− anion group has a statistical type of disorder with opposite orientations of S and N such that nitrogen and sulphur are coordinated to K+. Packing of the host molecules is in columns to form quasi channels with K+, SCN−, and H2O being located inside the stacks.
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: Inclusion compound ; hydroxy compound ; crystal structure ; thermal analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The crystal and molecular structures of the title host compound (I), C35H26O, and its inclusion complexes with water (II), C35H26O·H2O and dimethylsulphoxide (III), C35H26O·C2H6OS are reported. (I) is monoclinicC2/c,a = 9.725(1),b = 20.031(3),c = 26.545(3) Å, β = 90.60(1)0,V = 5170 Å3,Z = 8; (II) is triclinic, $$P\bar 1$$ ,a = 10.206(1),b = 10.324(2),c = 14.425(2) Å, α = 101.68(1), β = 89.92(2), γ = 116.34(1)0,V = 1327 Å3,Z = 2; (III) is monoclinicP21/n,a = 17.832(5),b = 10.109(3),c = 17.901(5) Å, β = 111.93(2)0,V = 2993 Å3,Z =4. The structures were solved by direct methods and refined to final residuals of 0.045, 0.048, and 0.071, respectively. Thermal analysis of the complexes corroborates the crystallographic results.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 14 (1992), S. 55-64 
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: Host-guest inclusion compound ; p-,m-,o-xylene ; deoxycholic acid ; symmetry factor ; energy transfer ; photophysical factor ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The isomerization processes induced by UV photons in inclusion compounds of the host-guest type are examined, with special attention to the photophysics of the energy transfer process between the host and the guest, as well as to the influence of the host molecular cavity symmetry and the guest molecular symmetry. In particular, the experimental study has been carried out on the isomerization processes ofp-,m-, ando-xylene inside the molecular cavities of deoxycholic acid. The results have been compared with those obtained by irradiating the xylenes in an inert solution of hexane. The main difference is the elimination of by-products when the photochemical process is carried out in the solid state inclusion compound; however, the high purity of the isomerization product corresponds to a decrease in its yield with respect to the reaction in solution, due to the energy transfer process from the host to the guest moiety.
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  • 17
    ISSN: 0887-3585
    Keywords: amino acid-derived cofactor ; crystal structure ; methylamine dehydrogenase ; molecular replacement ; oxidoreductase ; Paracoccus denitrificans ; pyrroloquinoline quinone ; quinoprotein ; tryptophan tryptophylquinone ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The three-dimensional structure of the quinoprotein methylamine dehydrogenase from Paracoccus denitrificans (PD-MADH) has been determined at 2.8 Å resolution by the molecular replacement method combined with map averaging procedures, using data collected from an area detector. The structure of methylamine dehydrogenase from Thio-bacillus versutus, which contains an “X-ray” sequence, was used as the starting search model. MADH consists of 2 heavy (H) and 2 light (L) subunits related by a molecular 2-fold axis. The H subunit is folded into seven four-stranded β-segments, forming a disk-shaped structure, arranged with pseudo-7-fold symmetry. A 31-residue elongated tail exists at the N-terminus of the H subunit in MADH from T. versutus but is partially digested in this crystal form of MADH from P. denitrificans, leaving the H subunit about 18 residues shorter. Each L subunit contains 127 residues arranged into 10 β-strands connected by turns. The active site of the enzyme is located in the L subunit and is accessible via a hydrophobic channel between the H and L subunits. The redox cofactor of MADH, tryptophan tryptophylquinone is highly unusual. It is formed from two co-valently linked tryptophan side chains at positions 57 and 107 of the L subunit, one of which contains an orthoquinone. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chirality 4 (1992), S. 377-383 
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: crystal structure ; molecular mechanics ; MM2-87 ; phenylmorphan ; phenyl-equatorial ; opioid ligand model ; μ-receptors ; K-receptors ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: (+)-2,9α-Dimethyl-5-(m-hydroxyphenyl)morphan is the only phenylmorphan analog whose affinity for opioid K-receptors is greater than its affinity for opioid κ-receptors. Pharmacologically, the compound is a pure opioid antagonist devoid of agonist activity in in vivo assays of antinociception. The absolute configuration of the compound has been determined to be (1R,5S,9R) from an X-ray crystallographic study of the chloride salt. Thus, the absolute configuration corresponds to that of the atypical opioid agonist (-)-phenylmorphan while the weak atypical agonist (-)-2,9α-dimethyl-5-(m-hydroxyphenyl)morphan corresponds to the potent morphine-like (+)-phenylmorphan. The preferred orientations of the phenyl ring for the two stereoisomers were determined using the molecular mechanics program MM2-87 and found to vary from that of the two parent compounds. The atypical properties of the two 9α-methyl analogs is consistent with an opioid ligand model which proposes that morphine-like properties require a particular range of phenyl orientations. There was good agreement between the structure obtained from X-ray crystallography and computed with the MM2-87 program. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 19
    ISSN: 1573-9171
    Keywords: organic metals ; radical-cation salts ; bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene = ET ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The electrochemical oxidation of ET [bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene] in bromobenzene (electrolyte Bu 4 N[HgBr 3 ]) gave the radical-cation salt (ET) 8 [Hg 2 Br 6 ·PhBr] 2 (1), a new organic metal with a temperature range of 300–125 K. At 125 K a metal—dielectric transition is observed. Crystallographic data for (1):a=19.171(6),b=12.668(4),c=17.777(6) Å, α=118.03(3), β=89.45(2), γ=101.21(3)°, P $$\overline 1 $$ ,Z=1,d calc=2.30 g/cm 3 . The crystal structure of (1) is laminar. In the conducting organic layer the ET radical cations are linked into bands by shortened intermolecular S···S contacts of the “side-to-side” type. The anionic layer consists of centrosymmetric complexes [Hg 2 Br 6 ·C 6 H 5 Br] 2 4− . The Hg 1 and Hg 2 atoms are characterized by a trigonal configuration of the Hg-Br bond which is built up, on account of secondary Hg···Br interactions, into trigonal-bipyramidal for Hg 1 and trigonal-pyramidal (tetrahedral) for Hg 2 . Interaction between the anionic and cationic layers is effected through Br 6 ...S 8 contacts [3.491(7) Å)].
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  • 20
    ISSN: 1573-9171
    Keywords: organic metals ; bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene (ET) ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The composition and structure of the radical-ion salt (ET) 2 [Hg(SCN) 2 Cl], a new organic metal withT M-D=50 K, were established in an x-ray structure investigation. Principal crystallographic data:a=36.69(1),b=8.302(8),c=11.732(8) Å, β=90.02(6)°, space groupCc, Z=4,d calc=2.08 g/cm 3 ,R=0.067. The crystal structure of the salt consists of an alternation of organic (cationic) and inorganic (anionic) layers along the axisa. The anionic layer consists of the polymeric chains in which the [Hg(SCN) 2 Cl]− ions are linked together along the axisc through secondary Hg···N bonds with lengths of 2.75(3) and 2.98(8) Å. On account of these interactions the trigonal configuration of the bonds of the Hg atom is built up to trigonal-bipyramidal. In the organic layer with a structure of the κ type the ET cations form dimers with an interplanar distance of 3.53 Å. ET cations belonging to neighboring dimers are linked together through shortened intermolecular S...S contacts with lengths of 3.40–3.50(2) Å.
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  • 21
    ISSN: 1573-9171
    Keywords: synthesis ; crystal structure ; UV spectra ; 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-[α-(2-hydroxy-1-naphthyl)methyl]phenol ; 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-[α-morpholino-α-(2-hydroxy-6-bromo-1-naphthyl)methyl]phenol ; 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-α-(2-hydroxy-1-naphthyl)-1,4-methylenequinone ; 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-α-(2-acetyloxy-1-naphthyl)-1,4-methylenequinone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Mannich bases exhibiting photo- and thermochromic properties in solutions were synthesized from 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 2-naphthols. An investigation of an acetyl derivative of methylenequinone, modeling a product of photo- and thermochromic transformations, proved that the color change of solutions of the Mannich bases is due to reversible dissociation into colored methylenequinones and morpholine. On the basis of data of x-ray diffraction analysis of one of the Mannich bases, characteristics of their molecular structure were determined, and reasons were stated for their effect on the dissociation mechanism.
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Russian chemical bulletin 41 (1992), S. 1950-1956 
    ISSN: 1573-9171
    Keywords: hexafluorotitanates ; synthesis ; crystal structure ; 19F NMR ; IR spectroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Mixed alkali hexafluorotitanates of the composition LiMTiF6 are synthesized, which crystallize with the orthorhombic symmetry. The lattice parameters of these materials are determined. It is shown that substitution of the Li+ cation in Li2TiF6 by Na+, K+, Rb+, and Cs+ leads to various degrees of distortion of the hexafluoroion. It is determined (19F NMR data) that the change in the dynamic state of the octahedral [TiF6]2− ions is related to their transition from the hindered-rotational to the isotropic state.
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  • 23
    ISSN: 1573-9171
    Keywords: macrocyclic polyethers ; crystal structure ; biological activity ; IR spectra ; complex with calcium thiocyanate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The antihypoxic and anticonvulsant activity of eight new amidophosphoryl derivatives of crown ethers was investigated. It was found that some of them exhibit pronounced antihypoxic activity. The results of an x-ray structural and IR spectroscopic study of dibenzo-N-phenylphosphonyl-14-crown-5 (a=9.818,b=16.062,c=15.925 Å; γ=124.90°;V=2072 Å3;M=417.2;d=1.33 g/cm3 forZ=4, 1955 independent reflections [I〉3σ(I)] in a DAR-UM inCuK α radiation,P2 1/b space group,R=5.2%) and dibenzo-N-adamantylphosphonyl-14-crown-5 compounds (a=11.077,b=15.936,c=16.771 Å; γ=56.05°;V=2456 Å3;M=486.3;d=1.31 g/cm3 forZ=4, 2164 independent reflections [I〉3σ(I)] in a DAR-UM inCuK α radiation,P21/b space group,R=5.1%) are reported. Some details of the structure of the dibenzo-N-phenylphosphonyl-14-crown-5-complex with calcium thiocyanate and water are discussed; a polyhedron with a coordination number of six was found for the first time for calcium complexes with macrocyclic ligands. The combined examination of the results of the biological, x-ray structural, and IR spectroscopic study of macrocyclic, 14-member ligands suggested that the nature of the substituents at phosphorus affect the conformational state of the macrocycle, which remains unchanged in complexation in the investigated conditions.
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  • 24
    ISSN: 1573-9171
    Keywords: crystal structure ; molecular complexes ; phosphinimines ; protonation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract X-ray diffraction analysis has been used to determine the crystal structures of the 1:1-composition products of protonation by perchloric acid of isomeric triphenyl-N-(4-methylpyridyl-2)phosphinimine (1) and triphenyl-N-(3-methylpyridyl-2)phosphinimine (2). The structures were refined toR=0.048 andR=0.052, respectively, using 2274 (1) and 2647 (2) reflections. The protonation centers are located at the sites of N atoms of the pyridine ring (1) and the phosphinimino group (2). The distribution of the bond lengths in the cations suggests that a significant contribution is made by a phosphonic structure with positive charges localized on the P atoms. N-H...O hydrogen bonds, with lengths of 2.890(4) and 3.020(3) Å, connect cations and anions in both structures.
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  • 25
    ISSN: 1573-9171
    Keywords: synthesis ; crystal structure ; 1,12-difluoro-1,1,3,5,5,8,8,10,12,12-decanitro-3,10-diazadodecane-6,7-diol dinitrate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A two-step synthesis has been proposed to obtain 1,12-difluoro-1,1,3,5,5,8,8,10,12,12-decanitro-3,10-diazadodecane-6,7-diol dinitrate, starting from 1,1,4,4-tetranitrobutane-2,3-diol and N-(methoxymethyl)-2-fluoro-2,2-dinitroethyl-amine, followed by nitration of the Mannich base formed. An x-ray-diffraction investigation of the dinitrate obtained was carried out.
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Russian chemical bulletin 41 (1992), S. 1076-1079 
    ISSN: 1573-9171
    Keywords: X-ray crystallographic analysis ; 1,1′-divinyl-2,2′-biimidazolyl ; crystal structure ; molecular structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The crystal and molecular structures of 1,1′-divinyl-2,2′-biimidazolyl (L) were determined by x-ray crystallographic analysis. It was established that the molecule of L has crystallographic symmetry 2 and a cisoid conformation with an angle of rotation of 128° between the imidazole rings. The length of the C2-C2′ bond is increased to 1.485(11) Å compared with the length of the analogous bond in unsubstituted 2,2′-biimidazolyl (1.423 Å). Localization of the N=C multiple bond is observed [1.297(9) Å]. The other N-C bonds of the ring are almost equalized (1.374 Å) and are close to the standard values for bonds of the C sp 2-N type in imidazoles. The angle between the plane of the heterocycle and the plane passing through the atoms of the vinyl group amounts to 7°.
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 30 (1992), S. 1469-1482 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: poly(2,6-oxynaphthoate) ; crystal structure ; whiskers ; lamellae ; unit cell ; transitions ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Electron diffraction from single crystal lamellae and whiskers of poly(2,6-oxynaphthoate) reveals the presence of at least 3 unit cells. The equatorial reflections in the patterns from the whiskers correspond to the dominant (phase I) hk0 diffraction pattern from the lamellae; phase I is monoclinic with 2 chemical repeats per physical repeat. The intensity distributions in the hk0 patterns of phase I and II resemble those of the same phases in poly(p-oxybenzoate). The hk0 reflections of phase III suggest a common internapthalene unit spacing, but variable lateral (and possibly axial) shifts; apparently related orthorhombic and monoclinic patterns, with variable γ*, are observed. At elevated temperature, above the crystalliquid crystal transition (ca. 330°C), quadrant reflections are retained; the change in the hk0 pattern from any given crystal is gradual, extending over some 40°C. Above the liquid crystal-liquid crystal transition (ca. 460°C) the pattern can be interpreted in terms of nematic or possibly smectic A packing. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 125 (1992) 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 125 (1992), S. 23-29 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Diboracycloalkanes ; Diboracycloalkenes ; Trimethylenemethane, borylation of the dianion of ; Allylboranes, B - C bond length ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Syntheses of New Organoboron Rings with two Boron Atoms by Borylation of the Trimethylenemethane DianionBorylation of Li2[C(CH2)3] (1) provides a versatile starting point for the synthesis of 5-, 6-, 7-, and 8-membered ring systems with two boron atoms and leads to 1,5-bis(dialkylamino)-3,7-dimethylene-1,5-diboracyclooctanes 2a, b (a: R=Et; b: R=iPr), 1,3-bis(dialkylamino)-5-methylene-1,3-diboracyclohexanes 8a, b, 1,3-bis(diethylamino)-5-methyl-1,3-dibora-4-cyclo-hexene (10), and 1,4-bis(dialkylamino)-6-methylene-1,4-dibora-2-cycloheptenes 11a, b. The compounds 2b, 8b, and the 2,3-biboratafulvene derivative [Li(TMEDA)]2[CH2C(CHB)2-(NiPr2)2] are characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis. It is shown that for trigonal boron B - C(allyl) bond distances (typically 160 ± 1 pm) are significantly larger than B - C(alkyl) distances (typically 158 + 1 pm).
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 30
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    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 125 (1992), S. 31-35 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Cyclopentadienyl ligand, doubly bridged ; Cyclopentadienyl complexes, trinuclear ; Polymers, organometallic ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Metal complexes that are derived from the doubly bridged cyclopentadiene system 2,2,8,8-tetramethyl-2,8-disilatricyclo[7.3.0.03,7] dodeca-3,5,9,11-tetraene (LH2) are investigated. The dilithio salt of this compound (LLi2) reacts with (Me3Si)3-C5H2FeCl to give, amongst other products, the trinuclear ferrocene [(Me3Si)3C5H2FeL]2Fe (2). A starting material well suited for the selective preparation of similar trinuclear complexes is the mononuclear ferrocene (HL2)Fe (3) which is formed by reaction of HLLi with iron(II) chloride. Reaction of dilithiiated 3 with trimethyltin chloride yields (Me3SnL)2Fe (4). Cocomplexation of dilithiated 3 and Cp*Li (Cp*=C5Me5) with iron(II) chloride leads to the trinuclear ferrocene (Cp*FeL)2Fe (5). By reaction of 3 with octacarbonyldicobalt the heterometallic complex [(CO)2CoL]2Fe (6) is obtained, which yields [(CO)I2CoL]2Fe (7) by oxidative decarbonylation with iodine. The stereochemistry of the complexes presented is discussed. The trinuclear complexes 2, 5, 6, and 7 are model systems for organometallic polymers with spatially directed structures, whose stability even in mixed-valence states is evidenced by the mass spectra of these complexes.
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  • 31
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    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 125 (1992), S. 61-66 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Benzimidazoline, 2-(1,3-dioxo-2-indanylidene)-, as chelate ligand ; Copper complexes ; Nickel complexes ; Palladium complexes ; Platinum complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Metal Complexes of Dyes  -  Transition Metal Complexes of Mono- and Dianions of 2-(1,3-Dioxo-2-indanylidene)-benzimidazolines2-(1,3-Dioxo-2-indanylidene)benzimidazolines (L) (1 - 6) react with metal salts and chloro-bridged complexes in the presence of NaH to give the mono and bis-N,O-chelate complexes (L  -  H+)2M (M=Cu, Pd, Ni) (7 - 9), (L  -  H+)M(PR3)Cl (M=Pd, Pt; 10 - 15 and (L  -  2H+)[Pt(PEt3)Cl]2 (16, 17). The electronic spectra of the bis(chelate) complexes show a large bathochromic shift of the absorptions in the visible region as compared to the free ligands. The structures of (L  -  H+)Pd(Cl)-(PnBu3) (10) and of (L  -  2H+)[Pt(Cl)PEt3)]2 (16) have been determined by X-ray crystallography. The two heterocyclic planes in 16 are bent along the elongated central C=C bond [143.2(12)pm] which gives a hip-roof-like structure.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 32
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Zirconium porphyrins ; Hafnium porphyrins ; Porphyrin double-deckers ; Metal bisporphyrinates ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electrochemical oxidation of zirconium and hafnium double-deckers M(P)2 (M=Zr, Hf; P=OEP, TPP) (Scheme 1)2) leads to mono- and dications which show near infrared absorption bands which are of ≈ 2000 cm-1 higher energy than those of the corresponding cerium double-decker cations. [Zr(OEP)2]X, [Zr(OEP)2]X2, and [Zr(TPP)2]X (X=ClO4- and PF6-) are isolated after electrochemical oxidation and are characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy. Magnetic susceptibility measurements (2 K 〈 T 〈 300 K) of the solids confirm the strong coupling of the electron spins in the diamagnetic dication salt [Zr(OEP)2][ClO4]2. The molecular structure of Zr(OEP)2 is elucidated by an X-ray structural analysis.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 33
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Imido ligands ; Amido ligands ; Niobium complexes ; Tantalum complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Multiple Bonds between Main-Group Elements and Transition Metals, CII[1].  -  Volatile MN4 Metal Complexes of Niobium and Tantalum Containing Dimethylsilyl SubstituentsNiobium and tantalum complexes 4a and 4b of formula (Me2SiH)N=M[N(SiHMe2)2]3 (a: M=Nb; b: M=Ta) are formed from lithium bis(dimethylsilyl)amide and either MOCl3 (2a,b) or MCl5 (3a,b). No β-hydrogen decomposition of these compounds occurs under normal conditions.
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  • 34
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Carbonyl olefination ; μ-Methylene complexes ; Molybdenum complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Organomolybdenum and Organotungsten Reagents, II.  -  On the Carbonyl-Olefinating μ-Methylene Complex from Mo2Cl10 and Four Equivalents of MethyllithiumMo2Cl10 reacts at  -  70°C with 4 equivalents of methyllithium to give a methylated thermolabile molybdenum complex. At higher temperatures it forms a thermolabile carbonyl-olefinating reagent which according to NMR data is the μ-CH2 complex Cl3Mo(μ-CH2)2MoCl3 (2). Reactions of 2 with aldehydes, ketones, azomethines, and epoxides are described.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 35
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 125 (1992), S. 163-169 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Iron ; organo reagents ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Alkyliron and Alkylcobalt Reagents, III.  -  Nonstabilized Ironalkyls: Formation, Detection, and ChemoselectivityThe crystalline ate complex Me4FeLi2(Et2O)2 (1 d) described in the literature as well as the complexes MeFeCl (1a), Me2Fe (1b), Me3FeLi (1c), nBu2Fe (2 a), nBu4FeLi2 (2b), nOct2Fe (3a), nOct3FeLi (3b), and nOct4FeLi2 (3c) are prepared in situ by transmetallation of MeLi, nBuLi, and nOctLi with FeCl2 (readily available by in situ reduction of FeCl3 with MeLi). All these complexes have been subjected to reaction with organic substrates for the first time. Evidence for this transmetallation has been furnished by a novel test (referred to as “β-bromostyrene-ketone test”). In this test, involving addition of β-bromostyrene (4) and 4-methylpentan-2-one (5), the alkyllithium compounds alkylate selectively only the ketone and the alkyliron compounds almost exclusively the β-bromostyrene. The high preference of the alkyliron reagents for the alkylation of the β-bromostyryl residue has been utilized for regioselective butylations and octylations of 1-{4-[(Z)-2-bromoethenyl]phenyl}-ethanone (6). Moreover, in competition reactions with benzaldehyde/4-methylpentan-2-one the alkyliron reagents have been found to react usually specifically with aldehydes. The decomposition temperatures of the reagents 1a,b,c and 2b in THF have been determined to be 0, -10, 25, and -20°C, respectively.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
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  • 36
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 125 (1992), S. 153-155 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Lithium, organo compounds ; Iron, organo compounds ; Azo compounds ; ortho-Alkylation ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Transitional-Metal-Activated Organic Compounds, XXXV.  -  ortho-Alkylation of Aromatic Azo Compounds with Alkyllithium Reagents and Lithium Trimethylferrate(1-)Whereas methyllithium reacts with 4-(dimethylamino)-, 4-amino-, and 4-methoxyazobenzene, respectively, by ortho-methylation of the electron-rich phenyl residue of the azo compound, (CH3)3FeLi ortho-methylates the less electron-rich phenyl group of 4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene. A mechanistic rationalisation is given for both reaction modes.
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  • 37
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 125 (1992), S. 171-176 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Cycloheptatriene ; Norcaradiene ; Valence isomerization ; [4 + 2] Cycloadditions ; Site selectivity ; Valence isomer selectivity ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 7-Substituted Cycloheptatrienes as Dienophiles in the Diels-Alder Cycloaddition With Inverse Electron DemandA series of 7-substituted cycloheptatrienes 1, including CN, CO2CH3, C6H5, C(CH3)3, CH3, CH(OCH3)2, H, N(CH3)2 groups has been submitted to inverse [4 + 2] cycloaddition with 3,6-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (5). Reaction of 5 with π-acceptor-substituted cycloheptatrienes such as 1a-c leads exclusively to cyclopropa[f]phthalazines 8 and 9, whereas 7-alkylcycloheptatrienes 1d-f give mixtures of cyclopropa[f]phthalazines 10 and 12 and 7H-cyclohepta[d]pyridazines 11 and 13. Moreover, 7-methylcycloheptatriene (1e) yields three further products 19, 20, 21, derived from heptafulvene 16, formed intermediately by dehydrogenation of 1e. In contrast to 1a - f, reaction of 5 with cycloheptatriene (1g) yields the corresponding 5H-cyclohepta[d]pyridazine 22 quantitatively. Surprisingly, no [4 + 2] cycloadducts are observed with the π-donor-substituted cycloheptatriene 1h. Instead, the indazol 27 and the triazoles 25 and 28 are formed.
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  • 38
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 125 (1992), S. 149-151 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Reductive carbonyl dimerisation ; Niobium pentachloride ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Alkylvanadium and Alkylniobium Reagents, II.  -  Niobium-Induced Reductive Carbonyl DimerisationNbCl5 reacts with one equivalent of methyllithium or metallic potassium to give a reagent for the transformation of aldehydes, ketones, benzalchloride, and benzotrichloride to symmetrically substituted ethene derivatives (Tab. 1). The reagent NbCl5/K (2) is distinctly more reactive than NbCl5/MeLi (1). For the reductive carbonyl dimerisation with niobium reagents a mechanism is proposed.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 39
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chromium organo compounds ; Chemoselectivity ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Alkylchromium and Alkylmanganese Reagents, IV.  -  On the Aldehyde and Cheleselective Alkylation of Organic Carbonyl Compounds with Monoalkylchromium(III) ReagentsMonoalkylchromium(III) reagents, prepared in crystalline form or in solution, alkylate aldehydes but normally not ketones. Ketones with a basic group (HO, MeO, Me2N) in α- or β-position are methylated by MeCrCl2(thf)3, allowing the highly selective («cheleselective») methylation of such ketones in the presence of normal ketones.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 40
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Gas-phase dissociation ; Appearance energies ; Calculations, AM1 ; Pyridinium cations, N-benzyl-2,4,6-substituted ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Collisionally activated dissociations (CADs) of various pyridine-ring substituted N-benzylpyridinium cations in the gas phase form the substituted pyridine and benzyl carbocation. Appearance energies (AEs) are estimated quantitatively from the appearance thresholds of the corresponding fragment ion from the laser-desorbed pyridinium cations. MO calculations predict that such unimolecular dissociation processes lead initially to ion-molecule pairs (IMPs): some such IMPs are of significantly lower energy than the fully dissociated products. The AEs have also been compared with the energy differences [ΔΔHf=ΔHf(Py) + ΔHf(R+)  -  ΔHf(Py+R)] determined by AM1 calculations: in many cases these are quite close to the calculated energy differences; discrepancies are discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 41
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Azoles, optically active, thermolysis and photolysis of ; Walk rearrangement ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mechanism of the Cyclopropane “Walk” Rearrangement: Synthesis and Properties of an Optically Active Diazoalkane-Toluene Adduct; a Highly Stereoselective N2 EliminationThe synthesis and the thermal and photochemical behavior of the optically active 2-diazo-1-methoxypropane-toluene adduct 3 are reported. The N2 elimination of 3 ocurs with one and the same stereochemical course upon thermolysis as well as direct photolysis: 7-(Methoxymethyl)-1,7-dimethyl-1,3,5-cycloheptatriene (1) is formed with retention of configuration at C-7 and 7-(methoxymethyl)-2,7-dimethyl-1,3,5-cycloheptatriene (2) with inversion of configuration at C-7. These stereochemical findings are explained by an intermediary singlet diradical 1[4] in which the ring closure between C-1 and C-7 or C-5 and C-7 is faster than the rotation around the single bond between C-6 and C-7. In the case of the thermally induced formation of 2 a concerted N2 elimination has to be considered as a competitive pathway. The results presented here are well in accord with the stereochemical analysis of the cyclopropane “walk” rearrangement 1⇋2 reported previously and are therefore a good evidence that the diradical intermediate 4 is also involved in the “walk” rearrangement. In the photochemically induced N2 elimination of 3, sensitized by benzophenone and leading again to 1 and 2, a surprisingly high degree of stereoselectivity is observed. Thus, the intermediary triplet diradical 3[4] must have a much shorter life time than ordinary 1,3-diradicals in the triplet state.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 42
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 125 (1992), S. 217-224 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Homoaromaticity ; Resonance energy ; Calculations, force-field ; Heats of hydrogenation ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Heats of Hydrogenation, IV.  -  Homoaromaticity in Norcaradiene and CycloheptatrieneBy comparison of the heats of hydrogenation of fixed norcaradienes with analogous cyclobutane derivatives and from the difference of experimental heats of formation with values calculated by force-field methods the homoaromatic stabilization of norcaradienes and cycloheptatrienes are calculated and compared with the equilibrium position of the respective valence isomers.
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  • 43
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 125 (1992), S. 243-246 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Ene reaction ; Silanes, vinyl- ; Triazolinediones ; Cycloaddition ; Regioselectivity ; Diastereoselectivity ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The ene reaction of 4-methyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione (MTAD) with vinylsilanes 1 has been investigated. In all cases studied, only hydrogen abstraction geminal to the silyl group with formation of triazolidinediones 3 occurred, irrespective of the number and size of the substituents at the double bond. A mechanism with an aziridinium imide as intermediate is proposed to explain the observed regioselectivity and diastereoselectivity. For the former we invoke preferential cleavage of the C-N bond proximate to the silyl substituent on the aziridine ring, for the latter steric repulsion between the adjacent silyl and alkyl group controls the observed E-type stereochemistry. A new synthetic approach to the trisubstituted vinylsilane 1e based on reductive lithiation of the corresponding vinyl sulfide is described.
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  • 44
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 125 (1992), S. 255-258 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Cyclophane ; [3.3]Metacyclophane, conformation of ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: [3.3]Metacyclophanes with anti ConformationThe [3.3]metacyclophanes 5 and 9 with prevailing anti conformation were prepared by using different cyclisation techniques. 1H-NMR studies and X-ray structure analyses of both phanes 5 and 9 prove their unprecedented conformations.
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  • 45
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 125 (1992), S. 259-264 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: (Cycloheptatrienylmethyl)carbene complexes ; 4,5-Homotropilidenes ; Cyclopropanation, intramolecular ; Carbene complexes ; Cope rearrangement, metal influence on ; Rhodium complexes ; Iron complexes ; Chromium complexes ; Tungsten complexes ; Calculations, AM1, MNDO, PM3 ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Organic Syntheses via Transition Metal Complexes, 57[1].  -  4,5-Homotropilidenes by Intramolecular Cyclopropanation of (Cycloheptatrienylmethyl)carbenechromium or -tungsten Complexes(Cycloheptatrienylmethyl)carbene complexes LnM=C(OEt)-CH2C7H7 [3: LnM=Cr(CO)5 (a), W(CO)5 (b)] are obtained in yields of 80% by the reaction of the corresponding methylcarbene complexes LnM=C(OEt)CH3 1 with tropylium tetrafluoroborate (2) in THF/Et3N. Alkylation of 3 with 2 gives [bis(cycloheptatrienyl)methyl]carbene complexes LnM=C(OEt)CH(C7H7)2 [4: LnM=Cr(CO)5 (a), W(CO)5 (b)]. Thermolysis of 3 leads to the formation of an equilibrium mixture of the 4,5-homotropilidenes 5 and 6. According to NMR measurements and AM1 calculations the formation of 6 is strongly favored. An equilibrium between 4,5-homotropilidene complexes is significantly different from that of the metal-free ligands. By the reaction of 5/6 with bis(ethylene)rhodium 1,3-pentanedionate (8) the complexes 9 and 10 of both 4,5-homotropilidenes 5 and 6 are obtained in a 1:3 ratio. The (1,5-diene)rhodium(I) complexes 9 and 10 are nonfluxional and configurationally moderately stable at 20°C. The reaction of 5/6 with Fe2(CO)9 gives the π-allyl,σ complexes 11 and 12 in a 10:3 ratio, both of which may be derived from the minor 4,5-homotropilidene isomer 5. In 11 a vinylcyclopropane unit of 5 serves as a four-electron donor for a Fe(CO)3 group. In 12 the 4,5-homotropilidene unit is coordinated as a six-electron donor to a Fe2(CO)6 unit.
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  • 46
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 125 (1992), S. I 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 47
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 125 (1992), S. 291-299 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Titanacyclobutane complexes ; Vinylidene intermediates ; Titanium complexes ; MO theory, applied ; Cycloreversion ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Structure and Reactivity of Bis(π-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)(2-methylidene)titanacyclobutaneThe reaction of vinyllithium with bis(π-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)titanium dichloride in a molar ratio of 2:1 quantitatively yields the unexpected titanacyclobutane derivative (2) (Cp* = [C5(CH3)5]). The isolated complex 2 has been characterized by spectroscopic methods and by elemental analysis, and its structure has been confirmed by an X-ray structure determination. The chemical reactivity of 2 is characterized by the splitting of the four-membered ring at higher temperatures, forming a titanocene vinylidene fragment {Cp2*Ti = C = CH2} and ethylene. This cycloreversion is confirmed by the fragmentation behavior in the mass spectrometer, and some aspects of it have been studied by Extended Hückel Model calculations.
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  • 48
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 125 (1992), S. 447-452 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chromoionophore ; Chromoacerand ; Cryptand ; Dipyrrin ; Metal complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A Dipyrrino Cryptand  -  Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Metal ComplexationThe orange red cryptand 1, containing a dipyrrin chromophore, has been synthesized in seven steps. Its C2-symmetrical X-ray structure exhibits a planar dipyrrin unit and a twisted but not collapsed crown ring, two of the ether oxygen atoms projecting outwards. The complexation of alkali and transition metal cations by this concave dyestuff leads to changes of the color and to strong shifts in the UV/Vis spectra.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 49
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 125 (1992), S. 453-458 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: 2,2′-Bipyridine ; Chiral ligand ; Palladium complexes ; Copper complexes ; Cobalt complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Optically active 2,2′-bipyridine (S,S)-1 was synthesized by radical cyclization and a nickel(0)-mediated coupling of enantiomerically pure bromopyridine (S)-8. Palladium, copper, and cobalt complexes of 1 were prepared. The solid-state structures of meso-1 and 11 were determined by X-ray crystal structure analysis.
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  • 50
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 125 (1992), S. 321-330 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Phosphanes, (Z)-amino(imino)- ; 1,3,5-Triaza-2,4-diphospha-1,4-pentadienes, transition metal complexes of, dynamic behavior of ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: On the Knowledge of the 1,3,5-Triaza-2,4-diphospha-1,4-pentadienesHerrn Professor Heinrich Puff zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmetNucleophilic substitution reactions of the chloro(arylimino)-phosphane 1 yield the NH-functional amino(imino)phosphanes Mes*NPNHR (R = Mes, Ad, CPh3) 2d - f. Upon further reaction with 1 they are converted into the 1,3,5-triaza-2,4-diphospha-1,4-pentadienes Mes*NPN(R)PNMes* (R = Mes, Ad) 4d, e and Mes*NPN(Mes*)PNCPh3 5. According to crystal structure determinations all compounds 4a, d, e, 5 exhibit S conformation in the solid state. In addition to the “exo-endo” arrangement of the substituents (4a, 5) in the case of 4d, e the “endo-endo” conformation is observed for the first time. In solution, 4d, e and 5 are subject to dynamic rearrangements, whose mechanism is proven by NMR studies of partially 15N-enriched samples. The reaction of 4a with NorM(CO)4 (M = Cr, Mo) or Ni(CO)4 yields the metallaazadiphosphetidine complexes 6a - c Mes*NPN(tBu)PNMes*M(CO)n [M(CO)n = Cr(CO)4, Mo(CO)4, Ni(CO)2]. The crystal structure of 6a (“exo-endo-W”) is described.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 51
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Dinuclear rhodium and iridium complexes ; Bis(cyclopentadienyl)methane dianion as bridging ligand ; Substitution and bridge-splitting reactions ; Rhodium complexes ; Iridium complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bis(cyclopentadienyl)methane-Bridged Dinuclear Complexes, IV[1].  -  Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of Dinuclear Rhodium and Iridium Complexes in the Oxidation State +I and +III with the Bis(cyclopentadienyl)methane Dianion as Bridging LigandThe rhodium compounds [CH2(C5H4)2][Rh(L)(C2H4)]2 (2, 4) were prepared from [RhCl(L)(C2H4)]2 (1, 3) and CH2(C5H4)2Li2 in 92 and 73% yield, respectively. The reaction of 4 with Cl2, Br2, and I2 led to the almost quantitative formation of the dihalogeno derivatives [CH2(C5H4)2][RhX2(PiPr3)]2 (6-8), which on treatment with excess NaBH4 and methanol gave the dihydride [CH2(C5H4)2][RhH2(PiPr3)]2 (10). From [RhCl(C8H14)2]2 (12), PiPr3, and CH2(C5H5)2 the chloro(hydrido)rhodium complex [CH2(C5H4)2][RhH(Cl)(PiPr3)]2 (13) was obtained. Protonation of 10 with CF3CO2H in the presence of NH4PF6 gave the PF6 salt of the hydrido-bridged cation {[CH2(C5H4)2]-[RhH(PiPr3)]2(μ-H)}+ (14) of which the crystal structure was determined. In solution, fluxional behavior of the cation was observed. The dimethyl compound [CH2(C5H4)2][Rh(CH3)2-(PiPr3)]2 (17), prepared from 6, 7, or 8 and LiCH3 or CH3MgI in 80% yield, reacted with CF3CO2H at  -  78° C to give the tri-fluoroacetato derivative 18; this on treatment with P(OMe)3 and dmpe formed the dicationic complexes 19 and 20, respectively. The dinuclear iridium compounds [CH2(C5H4)2]-[Ir(olefin)2]2 (26, 27) and [CH2(C5H4)2][Ir(C8H12)]2 (28) were prepared from [IrCl(L)2]2 (23-25) and CH2(C5H4)2Li2 and used for the synthesis of {[CH2(C5H4)2][IrX2]2}n (29, 30). Compounds 29 and 30 served as starting materials for the preparation of the dinuclear derivatives [CH2(C5H4)2][IrX2(L)]2 (31-34) and {[CH2(C5H4)2][IrBr2]2(μ-dipy)} (35) and finally also for the dihydrido complex [CH2(C5H4)2][IrH2(PiPr3)]2 (36).
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  • 52
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Rhodium(I) phosphane complexes ; 14-Electron intermediates ; MO theory, applied ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bis(di-tert-butylphosphanyl)methane Complexes of Rhodium: Geometry, Electronic Structure, and Derivatives of the 14-Electron Fragment [Rh(dtbpm)Cl]. Molecular Structure of Rh(dtbpm)Cl(PMe3)14-Electron fragments [M(PR3)2X] (M = Rh, Ir, X = halogen etc.) are considered to be an important class of highly reactive, coordinatively unsaturated intermediates in many metal-induced stoichiometric or catalytic transformations of organic substrates. As available theoretical data suggest a slightly preferred T-shaped groundstate geometry with a less symmetric cis rather than the usually implied trans phosphane arrangement for such tricoordinate d8-ML3-type systems with monodentate phosphanes PR3, the chemistry of η2-diphosphanylmethane complexes of rhodium with four-membered RhPCP-chelate rings and thus with enforced cis phosphane coordination and anomalously small cis P - Rh - P angles has been studied by theory and by experiment. MO calculations (EH) have been performed both for the model 14-electron system [Rh(dhpm)Cl] (dhpm = diphosphanylmethane, H2P - CH2 - PH2) and for the experimentally accessible fragment [Rh(dhbpm)Cl], where dtbpm is bis(di-tert-butylphosphanyl)-methane, (tBu)2P - CH2 - P(tBu)2. The electronic and geometric structure of these species is described. Employing the unusual ligand dtbpm, tailor-made for stabilizing mononuclear η2- and destabilizing dinuclear μ-diphosphanylmethane coordination, the chloro-bridged dimer [Rh(dtbpm)Cl]2, has been synthesized. In agreement with steric and electronic considerations, its chemistry is dominated by a facile dissociation to monomeric (presumably solvent coordinated) fragments [Rh(dtbpm)Cl], even in benzene, as suggested by molecular mass determinations. Accordingly, by using [Rh(dtbpm)Cl]2 as a starting material, a series of sterically very congested but nevertheless mononuclear, square-planar complexes Rh(dtbpm)Cl(L) (L = CO, PMe3, PPh3, PCy3, pyridine, acrylonitrile) with chelating dtbpm could be readily prepared and fully characterized. The relative stability of these potential alternative precursors of a [Rh(dtbpm)Cl] intermediate towards dissociation of ligands L is reported. The molecular structure of Rh(dtbpm)Cl(PMe3) as the first representative of this class of compounds has been determined by X-ray crystallography.
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  • 53
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 125 (1992), S. 389-400 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Amines, bis(trimethylstannyl)organyl-, bis(dimethylhalostannyl)organyl- ; Bond cleavage, SnN ; 1,3,2,4-Diazadistannetidine, hexamethyl- ; N.N′-Bis(dichlorodimethylstannane) ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis and Structure of Bis(trimethylstannyl) and Bis(dimethylhalostannyl) Amines: The Role of the Nitrogen Lone PairMonoaminostannanes RNH -  SnMe3 (1) with substituents R = tBu, Mes, 2,6-iPr2C6H3 are obtained by transmetallation from Me3SnX and RNH - Li, the distannylamines RN(SnMe3)2 (2) by transamination of Et2N  - SnMe3 with RNH2, and bis(dimethylhalostannyl)amines R - N(SnMe2X)2 (8) by stannazane cleavage of 2 with Me2SnX2 or by SnC cleavage with BX3 (8n, o). Me2Sn(NtBuH)2, prepared from tBuNHLi and Me2SnBr2, decomposes with tBuNH2 elimination into the diazadistannetidine 4 already below room temperature. Information from multinuclear NMR spectra of type 2, 4, and 8 compounds ascertain the proposed relation between the value of the geminal coupling constant 2J(119Sn117Sn) of distannazanes and the Sn - N - Sn bond angle as determined by the X-ray structure analysis of 2c and of (8a)2 as well as the participation of the electron pair at the nitrogen atom in bonding. 2c has C2 symmetry, contains a planar nitrogen atom with SnN bond lengths of 2.044 Å and an Sn - N - Sn bond angle of 125.0°. The aryl group stands perpendicular to the Sn2N plane. These data exclude any π interaction between the N atom and the substituents. 2c, therefore, represents an example of a tertiary amine with the lone electron pair at the nitrogen atom in a p-type orbital. The supposed distannylamine (ClMe2Sn)2NMe (8a) is actually a dimer, whose unexpected structure contains a diazadistannetidine unit bearing two Me2SnCl2 groups at its nitrogen atoms in cis-configuration. This arrangement allows the formation of weak intramolecular SnCl bonds.
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  • 54
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 125 (1992), S. 433-445 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Poly Diels-Alder reactions ; Molecules, double-stranded ; Configuration of double-stranded molecules ; Ladder polymers, spherical shape ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Structure Elucidation of a Double-Stranded Polymer by Using Model StudiesSyntheses and complete structural characterization (including constitution, configuration, conformation) of the double-stranded compounds Ua-5b, Ss-5b, U-7b, S-7b, UUa-8, SUs-8, UUUaa-9, USUas-9, SUUsa-9, and SSuss-9 are described. These compounds contain up to three repeating units of the ladder polymer 3 and are therefore used as model compounds to elucidate interesting structural aspects of this polymer. A model for the spherical shape of 3 is presented. The molecular structures in the crystals of S-7b, SUs-8, Ua-5b have been determined.
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  • 55
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 125 (1992), S. 467-471 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Bis(perfluoroalkanoyl) peroxides ; Coumarins, 3-perfluoroalkyl ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The regioselective reaction of coumarins 1 with bis(perfluo-roalkanoyl) peroxides affords 3-(perfluoroalkyl)coumarins 2 in moderate yields. The absorption and emission maxima of coumarins 2 show bathochromic shifts compared with the 3-unsubstituted coumarins. The fluorescence intensities of 3-(perfluoroalkyl)coumarins 2 are smaller than those of the 3-unsubstituted ones. However, the photostabilities of coumarins 2 are higher than those of the 3-unsubstituted ones.
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  • 56
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 125 (1992), S. 701-709 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Pyrazoles, optically active ; Pyridines, 2-[3(5)-pyrazolyl]-, 2,6-bis[3(5)-pyrazolyl]-, 2-(1-pyrazolyl)- ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Asymmetric Catalysis, 77[1]. - New Optically Active Pyrazole Derivatives for Enantioselective CatalysisStarting from the amines 3-6 and the dipyrazolopyrazinedione 2, the optically active (pyrazolylmethyl)amines 11-14 have been synthesized. Furthermore, the preparation of the (+)-camphor-derived optically active pyrazole 17 is described. Pyrazoles 11-13 and 17 are introduced as chiral building blocks into the 2-(1-pyrazolyl)pyridines 30-33. The optically active compounds 23-25 are formed from 2-[3(5)-pyrazolyl]pyridine and 2,6-bis[3(5-)pyrazolyl]pyridine, respectively, and (+)-3-(bromomethyl)pinane. The pyrazole derivatives 27-29 contain (+)-(1-phenylethyl)hydrazine as the optically active component.
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  • 57
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 125 (1992), S. 729-732 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Phosphaalkenes ; Phosphatriafulvenes ; Cross-conjugated phosphapolyenes ; Diphosphanes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Organophosphorus Compounds, 53[1]. - Cyclopropenylidene-methylene-diphosphanes - New Cross-Conjugated Phosphapolyenes[2]The reaction of chloromethylenephosphanes 7 with the inverse cyclopropenylidenephosphanes 6, 10 leads to the formation of the title compounds 8 and 11 as a new class of cross-conjugated phosphapolyenes. The structure of compound 8a has been confirmed by an X-ray structural analysis.
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  • 58
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Carbanion alkylation ; Electron transfer ; Cyclic voltammetry ; Rate constants ; Circular dichroism ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reductive alkylation of the pyrene isomer 1 affords bridged [14]annulenes (2) and 2a,3-dihydro-2a,3-dialkyldicyclopenta[ef,kl]heptalenes (3). The involvement of an electron transfer (ET) in this reaction is demonstrated by optically pure electrophiles. Supporting evidence for ET processes is provided by cyclic voltammetric measurement of rate constants for both the ET process and the SN2 reaction. The choice of the electrophile is relevant not only for the importance of electron transfer, but also for the regioselectivity of the alkylation reaction.
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  • 59
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 125 (1992), S. 541-550 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Ether phosphanes ; Osmium(II) complexes ; Conversion ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: η1-P- and η2-OP-Bonded (Ether-Phosphane)Osmium(II) Complexes and their Mutual ConversionReactions of cis-Br2Os(CO)4 with the (ether-phosphane) ligands 2a-f results in the formation of the cis,cis,trans-complexes Br2Os(CO)2(P ∼ O)2 (3a-f). 3b crystallizes in the mono-clinic space group P21/c with Z = 4. Irradiation of 3a-f leads to the cleavage of a further CO group and the formation of an Os—O bond to give the mono(chelate) complexes Br2Os(CO)-(PO) PO (5a-f), with one of the O,P ligands being bidentate. 5a-f exist as mixtures of different trans-P (A,B) and cis-P isomers (C-G). Dependent on the fact that a reversible cis/trans equilibrium or an irreversible trans → cis transformation is possible or that no trans-P isomers are present at any temperature, 5a-f may be classified in three categories. Inter-conversion of the isomers A-G results from dissociation of the η1-P coordinated ether-phosphane and concomitant occurrence of the 16e- species Br2Os(CO)(PO) (8). From temperature-dependent 31P{1H}-NMR spectroscopic investigations the temperature for the reversible opening of the metal-oxygen contact is determined. The reversible opening leads to the complexes Br2Os(CO)(PO)2 (9) with a vacant coordination site depending on the Os-O bonding strength. 5a-f react with CO to give all-trans-Br2Os(CO)2(PO)2 (4a-f). The action of the ether-phosphanes 2a-f on OsBr2(PPh3)4 (7) affords the bis(chelate) complexes Br2Os(PO)2 (6a-f) which add carbon monoxide to form all-trans-4a-f.
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  • 60
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 125 (1992), S. 675-677 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: 2,2′-Bisdimedonylidene, synthesis and electrophilic reactions of ; Olefin, electrophilic ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: „2,2′-Bisdimedonylidene‘ - a Novel Electrophilic OlefinHerrn Professor Michael Hanack zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet.The title compound has been prepared unambiguously by dehydrogenation of known „2,2′-bisdimedonyl’ (8). Its typical electrophilic character leads to additions of various nucleophiles which prove the molecular structure. Physical data are in disagreement with those mentioned in the literature.
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  • 61
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 125 (1992), S. 691-700 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Cationic rearrangements ; Nitrenium ions ; Ion pairs ; Regio- and stereoselectivity ; NMR, 17O ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Cationic Rearrangements of 2-Azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane Systems. - NMR and MS Methods for the Analysis of 17O- or 18O-Labelled CompoundsO-Tosylation of 2-hydroxy-2-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-ene and -heptane results in rearrangements to 1-aza-[2.2.1] systems. The regioselectivity is caused by kinetic control. High stereose-lectivity, partial scrambling of the O-label and low yields in cross-over experiments agree with the intermediacy of tight ion pairs. - For the quantitative analysis of labelling, 17O-NMR, 13C-NMR and mass spectrometry are optimized and their efficiencies compared.
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  • 62
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 125 (1992), S. 723-728 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: 1,8-Diaminonaphthalenes, X-ray structure analysis of, conformational barriers of, dynamic behavior of ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The title compounds 2 and 3 have been synthesized from 1,8-diaminonaphthalene. The molecular structure of 2 has been determined by X-ray structure analysis and is discussed with regard to the arrangement of the peri-diphenylamino substituents in the crystalline state and the steric strain in the molecule. NMR studies of 3 reveal two conformational processes. Their nature is discussed and barriers are reported.
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  • 63
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 125 (1992), S. 739-749 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Cope rearrangement ; Diradicals ; Oxygen trapping ; Energy well ; Chemical activation ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Nonconcerted Cope-Rearrangement? 1,2,6,7-Cyclodecatetraene ThermolysisFrom the pressure and oxygen dependence of the trapping rate a two-step mechanism for the Cope rearrangement of the title compound is deduced, its energy profile established, and the heat of formation of the intermediate diradical 3 determined. In contrast to the meso compound the rearrangement of the rac isomer proceeds by two competing processes, a concerted and a nonconcerted pathway. The different behavior of the meso and rac compound can be correlated to the boat and chair geometry of the respective transition states.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 64
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Quinone methides ; Stereoelectronic effects ; Chiral recognition ; EPR ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: (2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-alkyl-carbinols I are easily dehydrated in the presence of catalytic amounts of a mineral acid to form the corresponding phenyl-alkyl-carbocations Ia. These cations can be reversibly deprotonated to the quinone methides Ib, therefore, an equilibrium between both reactive compounds is assumed. In the absence of nucleophiles a reaction of these intermediates with the starting carbinol is observed leading to symmetrical ethers Id. In alcoholic solution the solvent acts as a nucleophilic compound and the formation of an unsymmetrical ether Ie is observed predominantly. If the nucleophile contains a chiral carbon atom diastereomers are formed in this reaction which are observed in variable concentrations depending on the reaction time. The assignment of these isomers to the meso and racemic compound has been achieved by NMR investigations in solution in combination with their solid-state structures determined by X-ray crystallography. These results indicate a remarkable thermodynamic stabilization of the symmetrical ethers in the racemic form whereas the meso compounds are favored if the products are formed under kinetic control. In both cases the diastereomer ratio is determined by steric repulsion and the generalized anomeric effect. - A bonding interaction of lone pairs of the ether oxygen with the π system of the corresponding phenoxyl ring was also observed by EPR investigations. This electron delocalization contributes remarkably to the mechanism responsible for the distinction of the diastereomeric radicals by different β-proton coupling constants.
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  • 65
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 125 (1992), S. 899-905 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Organoiron compounds ; Iron(II) alkyls ; Cyanoalkylation ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Alkyliron and Alkylcobalt Reagents, IV[1]. - Aldehyde-Selective Cyanoalkylation with Cyanoalkyl Derivatives of Iron(II) and Other Transition MetalsFor the transfer of the cyanomethyl residue with high aldehyde vs. ketone selectivity, the Fe reagent 3 a is a good alternative to the known Ti reagent 1a[2], whereas analogous reagents with the metals Mn, Co, Ni or Cu are unfavorable. For the aldehyde- vs. ketone-selective transfer of the branched residues 1-cyanoethyl and cyanoisopropyl, the Fe reagents 3b and 3c are distinctly better than the Ti reagents 1b and 1c.
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  • 66
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 125 (1992), S. 923-927 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: 1H-Phosphirenes ; 2H-Phosphirenes ; Calculations, ab initio ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ab initio MO calculations at the MP4/6-31G** level show that both fluorine and chlorine atoms exert a strong stabilizing effect on the three-membered ring 1H-phosphirene relative to its isomers. While unsubstituted 1H-phosphirene (12H) is the least stable C2H3P isomer, 1-fluoro-1H-phosphirene (12F) is calculated to be the global minimum of the C2H2FP potential energy surface; 1-chloro-1H-phosphirene (12Cl) is the third most stable of the six C2H2ClP isomers calculated. The remarkable stability of 12F is attributable to the particular strength of the P - F bond.
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  • 67
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 125 (1992), S. 933-940 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: [2 + 2] Photocycloaddition ; Selectivity, stereo-, regio- ; 1,4-Biradicals ; INADEQUATE ; Calculations, AM1, FINITE ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Stereoselectivity in Photocycloaddition Reactions, 5[1]. - Photoreaction of 2-Cyclopenten-1-one with Enol EthersThe regio- and stereoselectivity of [2 + 2] photocycloaddition reactions between 2-cyclopenten-1-one (1) and the electron-rich alkenes: ethyl, isopropyl, and phenyl vinyl ether (2-4) as well as 2,3-dihydrofuran (10) were examined. In all cases the annulated cyclobutene derivatives 5-7 and 11 were isolated in yields between 70 and 99%. The regioisomeric HT/HH products were formed in a ratio of 3:1 to 4:1. For the determination of the product stereochemistry, INADEQUATE and 1H,1-decoupling experiments were performed. Computer-assisted investigations on the molecular geometry and 1H,1H-coupling constants were performed by using semiempirical methods (AM1, FINITE). The HT regioisomers were formed with moderate endo diastereoselectivity, whereas in the case of the HH regioisomers both diastereomers (exo/endo) were formed in equal amounts. Photoreaction with 2,3-dihydrofuran (10) led to almost exclusive formation of exo-diastereomeric HH and HT regioisomers 11. The observed stereoselectivity is rationalized by the optimal geometry of the intermediate triplet 1,4-biradicals during intersystem crossing.
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  • 68
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 125 (1992), S. 975-982 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Configurational stability ; Kinetic resolution ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The test on the configurational stability of chiral organolithium compounds is based on the kinetic resolution of the racemic organolithium compound on reaction with an enantiomerically pure electrophile. The limits of this test have been evaluated by model calculations. The factors that have been considered are: Optimum values for the kinetic resolution; effects of 〈 100% enantiomeric purity of the chiral electrophile; parallel side reactions of the organolithium compounds with the electrophile.
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  • 69
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 125 (1992) 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 70
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: β-Diketonates ; Metal alkoxides ; Sol-gel chemistry ; π-Arene complexes ; Chromium complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Metal Complexes in Inorganic Matrices, 8[1]. - Chromium Tricarbonyl Complexes of Benzoylacetonate-Substituted Titanium-, Zirconium-, and Aluminium Alkoxides*Benzoylacetone (bzac-H) reacts with one equivalent of Al(OtBu)3 or Zr(OPr)4 to give the mono-substituted compounds (bzac)Al(OtBu)2 (1b) and (bzac)Zr(OPr)3 (1a), while with one equivalent of Ti(OtBu)4 or Zr(OtBu)4 the bis-substituted derivatives (bzac)2Ti(OtBu)2 (3c) and (bzac)2Zr(OtBu)2 (3d) are obtained. Upon heating in dibutyl ether, 1b disproportionates into (bzac)2Al(OtBu) (3b) and Al(OtBu)3. Thermal reaction of 1a, 3b, and 3c with Cr(CO)6 leads to metal complexes having a Cr(CO)3 moiety π-bonded to the phenyl group of the benzoylacetonate ligand.
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  • 71
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Cyclopentadienyl anion, substituted ; Cobalt complexes ; Rhodium complexes ; Iridium complexes ; Bis(cyclopentadienyl)methane dianion as bridging ligand ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bis(cyclopentadienyl)methane-bridged Dinuclear Complexes, V[1]. - Heteronuclear Co/Rh-, Co/Ir-, Rh/Ir-, and Ti/Ir Complexes with the Bis(cyclopentadienyl)methane Dianion as Bridging Ligand*The lithium and sodium salts of the [C5H5CH2C5H4]- anion, 1 and 2, react with [Co(CO)4I], [Rh(CO)2Cl]2, and [Ir(CO)3Cl]n to give predominantly the mononuclear complexes [(C5H5-CH2C5H4)M(CO)2] (3, 5, 7) together with small amounts of the dinuclear compounds [CH2(C5H4)2][M(CO)2]2 (4, 6, 8). The 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra of 3, 5, and 7 prove that the CH2C5H5 substituent is linked to the π-bonded ring in two isomeric forms. Metalation of 5 and 7 with nBuLi affords the lithiated derivatives 9 and 10 from which on reaction with [Co(CO)4I], [Rh(CO)2Cl]2, and [C5H5TiCl3] the heteronuclear complexes [CH2(C5H4)2][M(CO)2][M′(CO)2] (11-13) and [CH2(C5H4)2]-[Ir(CO)2][C5H5TiCl2] (17) are obtained. Photolysis of 11 and 12 leads almost quantitatively to the formation of the CO-bridged compounds [CH2(C5H4)2][M(CO)(μ-CO)M′(CO)] (14, 15). According to an X-ray crystal structure analysis the Co/Rh complex 14 is isostructural to [CH2(C5H4)2][Rh2(CO)2(μ-CO)] (16).
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  • 72
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 125 (1992), S. 1033-1042 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Germanium compounds ; Tin compounds ; Lead compounds ; Transition-metal complexes ; Paramagnetism ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Alkoxygermanates(II), -stannates(II), and -plumbates(II) of Divalent Metal Ions, II[1]. - Compounds of the Formula M2El2(OtBu)8By simple salt-exchange processes the starting materials Na2El2(OtBu)6 (El = Ge, Sn, Pb) can be transformed to germanates, stannates and plumbates of divalent magnesium and divalent transition metals. Two types of compounds are formed in these reactions: MEl2(OtBu)6 [El = Ge, M = Mg (1A), Cr (1B), Mn (1C), Zn (1F); El = Pb, M = Mn (3C), M = Zn (3F)] and M2El2(OtBu)8 [El = Ge, M = Co (1d), Ni (1e); El = Sn, M = Mg (2a), Cr (2b), Mn (2c), Co (2d), Ni (2e); El = Pb, M = Co (3d)]. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies have been performed on 1C, 1d, 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, and 2e, and the structures have been solved. In 1C the Mn atom occupies the center of an elongated O6 octahedron, the germanium(II) atoms displaying pyramidal coordination by three oxygen atoms. The central molecular cage can be described as two MnO3Ge trigonal bipyramids sharing the common central Mn atom and being wrapped by tert-butyl groups linked to the oxygen atoms. The other compounds of the MEl2(OtBu)6 formula seem to be isostructural with the exception of 3F, which displays a 1H-NMR spectrum which is not compatible with this structure. All X-ray structures of the compounds M2El2(OtBu)8 show the same feature: to a central M2(OtBu)2 four-membered ring are spirocyclically connected two M(OtBu)2El rings through the common metal atoms M. The structure is completed by the coordination of an exocyclic tert-butoxy group to the terminal El atoms. The metal atoms M are therefore quasi tetrahedrally coordinated while the Ge and Sn atoms are in pyramidal threefold oxygen atom environments. All molecules display an El⃛M⃛M⃛El one-dimensional arrangement. From susceptibility measurements it is apparent, that in the compounds MEl2(OtBu)6 and M2El2(OtBu)8 the transition metal atoms are in high-spin configurations, which is also supported by the UV spectra. Analysis of the structural data of the series 2a-2e reveal important contributions of the electronic environments of the transition metal atoms to the M⃛M and M⃛Sn distances. A qualitative MO description is used to explain these features. Again it has been shown that the, „geometrical softness“ of Ge(OtBu)3 and Pb(OtBu)3 is greater than of Sn(OtBu)3, as the former two can accomodate Cr2+ and Mn2+ in a sixfold coordination site by two units, while Sn(OtBu)3 coordinates Cr2+ and Mn2+ with only two alkoxy groups. When 1C and 2d are allowed to react with nonacarbonyldiiron Mn-Ge2(OtBu)6 · 2 Fe(CO)4 (4) and Co2Sn2(OtBu)8 · 2 Fe(CO)4 (5), respectively, are formed. Compound 4 displays presumably five metal atoms in a linear arrangement while 5 has six metallic elements arranged in one dimension. The latter fact has been unambigously proved by an X-ray structure determination.
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  • 73
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: 3,4-Bis(phosphanyl)pyrrolidines ; Palladium complexes ; Rhodium complexes ; Asymmetric hydrogenation ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Enantioselective Catalysis, VIII[1]. - New 1,2-Bisphosphane Ligands with Four Stereogenic Centers and Additional Methoxy Groups for Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation*The synthesis of N-acyl derivatives of all possible diastereomers of [P(R,S), 3R, 4R,P′(R,S)]-3,4-bis[(benzyl)phenylphosphanyl]-pyrrolidine and [P(R,S), 3R, 4R,P′(R,S)]-3,4-bis[(2-methoxybenzyl)phenylphosphanyl]pyrrolidine in optical pure form is described. Palladium and rhodium complexes with these ligands were prepared. The enantioselective hydrogenation of acetamidocinnamic acid with these rhodium complexes was studied at H2 pressures between 1 and 75 bar. There is only a small influence of the 2-methoxy group in the ligand on the catalytic hydrogenation when compared with the respective unsubstituted diastereomer. The structure of {[PR,3R, 4R,P′R)-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-3,4-bis[(2-methoxybenzyl)phenylphosphanyl]pyrrolidine-P,P′}diiodopalladium was determined by X-ray diffraction.
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  • 74
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Dichromium carbonyls ; Diazirine complexes ; Dimetallaheterocycles ; Photosubstitution ; Bis(phosphanes) ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Transition Metal Complexes of Diazenes, XXX[1]. - On the Photoreaction of Octacarbonyl Dimetallaheterocycles with Bis(phosphanes)*Irradiation of (CO)4Cr(μ-pmd)2Cr(CO)4 (1) (pmd = 3,3-penta-methylenediazirine) in the presence of bis(dimethylphosphanyl)methane (dppm) affords (CO)3(μ-pmd)2(μ-dppm)Cr(CO)3 (2b) and (CO)4Cr(μ-pmd)(μ-dppm)Cr(CO)4 (3b) which both contain boat-like dimetallaheterocyclic rings as indicated by X-ray analysis. Contrary to that, in the presence of cis-1,2-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ethene the reaction affords the known Cr(CO)4(cdpe) (4c) by complete cleavage of the dimetalla-heterocycle.
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  • 75
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Iron complexes, dinuclear ; Bridging functional isocyanides ; N-Protonation (alkylation) ; μ-Aminocarbyne ; μ-2-Azaallyl vs. μ-2-azaallenium ligand ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Isocyanide- and Heteroallene-Bridged Metal Complexes, X[1,2]. - Protonation and Alkylation of (μ-Acylisocyanide)- and (μ-Iminoacylisocyanide)diiron ComplexesProtonation of the acyl isocyanide-bridged diiron complexes cis-[Fe2Cp2(CO)3(μ-CNCOR)] [R = Ph (1a); C6H4NO2-(4) (1b)] with HBF4 or HPF6 occurs at the isocyano nitrogen to give the cationic μ-aminocarbyne complexes 2a and 2b, respectively. In contrast, the μ-iminoacyl isocyanide complex 3 is both protonated and alkylated at the imino nitrogen. According to an X-ray structure analysis of 4a, the resulting ligand systems in cis-[Fe2Cp2(CO)3{μ-CNC(Ph)N(Ph)R}]+BF4+ [R = H (4a); Et (4b)] are best described as hybrids of μ-2-azaallylidene-and μ-2-azaallenylidene-type resonance structures.
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  • 76
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 125 (1992), S. 1131-1140 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Pyridines, substituted 2-(trimethylsilyl)-, synthesis of, carbodesilylation of ; Carbodesilylation ; Rate constants ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: On the Mechanism of the Carbodesilylation of 4- or 5-Substituted 2-(Trimethylsilyl)pyridinesAn “ylide mechanism” is proposed for the carbodesilylation of 2-(trimethylsilyl)pyridines with benzaldehyde. In contrast, 3-and 4-(trimethylsilyl)pyridines, react only in the presence of a base catalyst via pyridyl anions with electrophiles. The rates of the uncatalyzed carbodesilylation reactions of 4-substituted 2-(trimethylsilyl)pyridines 2 with benzaldehyde correlate very well with the resonance parameters of the substituents ρRO, whereas the rates of 5-substituted 2-(trimethylsilyl)pyridines 7 correlate with the inductive substituent parameters ρI in the Taft equation. This is to our knowledge the first direct determination of the resonance parameters ρRO.
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  • 77
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 125 (1992), S. 1147-1157 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Acenaphthylene, dodecahydro- ; Acenaphthenes ; Ufolanes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Three of the six possible stereoisomers of dodecahydroacenaphthylene, t,t,t-ufolane (1), c,c,t-ufolane (3), and c,c,c-ufolane (5), have been synthesized for the first time. The configurations have been confirmed inter alia by an X-ray analysis of the precursors 11, 14, and 23 and the bromine adduct 24 of c,c,c-10-ufolene (19), the precursor of 5.
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  • 78
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: 1,4-Diboranaphthalenes ; Iron complexes ; Triple-decker complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis and Crystal Structures of Carbonyliron and Cyclopentadienyliron Dinuclear Complexes of 2,3-Diethyl-1,4-dihydro-1,4-dimethyl-1,4-diboranaphthalene*Reactions of the 1,4-Diboranaphthalene derivative 1a with (CO)3Fe(C8H14)2 lead to the orange anti dinuclear complex [(CO)3Fe(η6, η4-1a)Fe(CO)3] (4a) and to the cherry-red syn complex [(CO)3Fe(η4, η61a)Fe(CO)2] (5a). The X-ray structure of 5a reveals an Fe - Fe interaction (2.98 Å), 1a reacts with [(C5H5)Fe(C8H12)]2Zn to give the 30-VE triple-decker 7a, in which the diene of the benzo ring can be complexed with a Fe(CO)3 moiety to yield the trinuclear complex 9a.
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  • 79
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 125 (1992), S. 993-997 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: 1,4-Diboranaphthalenes, 1,4-dihydro- ; Nickel complexes ; Double-decker ; Triple-decker ; Tetradecker, slipped ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Nickel Complexes of a 1,4-Dihydro-1,4-diboranaphthalene Derivative*2,3-Diethyl-1,4-dihydro-1,4-dimethyl-1,4-diboranaphthalene (1) reacts with bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)nickel to form the complexes 2 and 3. The latter is also obtained from 1 and bis(allyl)nickel. However, the reaction of 1 with Ni(C3H5)2 in a 1:1 ratio leads to 4 containing the 1,5-hexadiene ligand. The bis(allylnickel) triple-decker 5 is obtained from the dianion 12- and [(C3H5)NiBr]2. In addition, the diamagnetic 44-VE tetradecker 6 is formed in low yield. The constitutions of the complexes 2, 3, 4, and 6 are derived from spectroscopic data and are proven by X-ray structure analyses.
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  • 80
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 125 (1992), S. 1263-1266 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Epoxidation ; Enamines ; Dimethyldioxirane ; 1,4-Dioxanes ; 1,3-Dipoles ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The 1,4-dioxanes 3a-f, which constitute dimers of the enamine epoxides 2a-f, were obtained in excellent yields as crystalline products during the oxygen transfer to the corresponding enamines by dimethyldioxirane (DMD) in acetone. In methanol at -78°C, enamine 1b gave with dimethyldioxirane the β-hydroxy acetal 4b as the expected trapping product of the intermediary enamine epoxide 2b.
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  • 81
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 125 (1992), S. 1043-1046 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Trisilacyclobutanimines ; Cyclotrisilane, hexa-tert-butyl- ; Isocyanide insertion reactions ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Silicon Compounds with Strong Intramolecular Steric Interactions, 47[1]. - TrisilacyclobutaniminesTreatment of hexa-tert-butylcyclotrisilane (4) with aryl isocyanides leads to the trisilacyclobutanimines 5-8. Reaction of the 1,4-diisocyanobenzene derivative 7 with two molecules of 4 leads to the double insertion product 9, the X-ray structure analysis of which shows the Si3CN framework atoms to be almost exactly coplanar. The planes of the two four-membered rings are strictly parallel whereas the linking phenylene group forms a 71.67° angle with these planes. The most striking features of these and of related compounds are their dark colours with longest wavelength absorptions between 500 and 540 nm.
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  • 82
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Thiosulfinates ; Thiolato complexes ; Sulfenato complexes ; Platinum complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Metal Complexes of Functionalized Sulfur-Containing Ligands, III[1]. - Reactions of (Ph3P)2Pt(η2-C2H4) with Acyclic and Cyclic Thiosulfinates: Platinum(II)-thiolato Complexes with Sulfenato Ligands. Crystal Structure Determination of (4-Sulfido-1-butanesulfenato-S,S′)bis(triphenylphosphane)platinum(II) Oxidative addition of acyclic thiosulfinates R′-S(O)-S-R (1a: R′ = R = CH3; 1b: R′ = R = Ph; 1c: R′ = R = p-CH3C6H4;1d: R′ = p-ClC6H4, R = C6H5) to (Ph3P)2Pt(η2-C2H4) (4) leads to the monomeric trans-configurated complexes (Ph3P)2Pt[S(O)R′](SR) (5a-d) which loose one PPh3 ligand in solution and form the dimetallic thiolato-bridged compounds [(Ph3P)Pt[S(O)R′](μ-SR)]2. The cyclic thiosulfinates 1,2-dithiane S-oxide (2) and 1,4-dihydro-2,3-benzodithiine S-oxide (3) react with 4 to yield the monomeric seven-membered chelate (7) and the dimetallic complex [(Ph3P)Pt-S(O)-CH2-C6H4-CH2-μ-S]2 (8), respectively. In 7, characterized by X-ray diffraction, a tetrahedral distortion of the square planar coordination of the platinum(II) atoms is remarkable; the planes Pt,P(1),P(2) and Pt,S(1),S(2) form an angle of 16.1°.
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  • 83
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 125 (1992), S. 1079-1081 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Iminoboranes ; Stannylenes ; Aminostannation ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Addition of Stannylenes to IminoboranesIminoboranes tBuB ≡ NR (R = tBu, Mes: 1 a, b) undergo aminostannation by the diaminostannylene Sn[N(SiMe3)2]2 (2b) to give (Me3Si)2N-B(tBu) = NR-Sn-N(SiMe3)2 (4a, b). The stannylene 4 b remains monomeric in the crystal (space group P21/n). The cyclic diaminostannylene [-Sn-N(tBu)-SiMe2-N(tBu)-] (3 b), instead, simply adds the boranes 1 a, b across one of its Sn-N bonds to form the bicyclo[2.2.0]hexene-type products 5a, b.
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  • 84
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Bulky substituents ; Aluminum compounds ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis and Structure of CpAlCl2 Compounds with Sterically Demanding Substituents (Cp = Me5C5, EtMe4C5)[1]The compounds Cp*AlCl2 (3) (Cp* = Me5C5) and Cp′AlCl2 (4) (Cp′ = EtMe4C5) have been prepared by the reaction of Cp*SiMe3 (1) and Cp′SiMe3 (2) with AlCl3. The single-crystal X-ray structures of 3 and 4 are reported.
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  • 85
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 125 (1992), S. 1243-1247 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: (Tetracyanonaphthalocyaninato)iron(II) ; Isocyanide complexes ; Semiconductors ; organic ; Iron complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: (Tetracyanonaphthalocyaninato)iron(II) with Isocyanides as Axial Ligands(Tetracyanonaphthalocyaninato)iron(II) [(CN)4-2,3-NcFe; 6] is obtained by treating 2,3,6-tricyanonaphthalene (5) with iron(II) acetate. Compound 5 is synthesized according to the route given in Scheme 1. The mononuclear bisaxial isocyanide complexes (CN)4-2,3-NcFeL2 7-9 with L = tBuNC, cHxNC and AdNC as well as the bridged complex [(CN)4-2,3-NcFe(dib)]n (10) are formed as stable compounds by treating 6 with the neat ligands L. The spectroscopic properties of the complexes are described and compared with the analogous compounds (CN)4PcFeL2, 2,3-NcFeL2, 1,2-NcFeL2, and with PcFeL2. The bridged complex [(CN)4-2,3-NcFe(dib)]n (10) exhibits only poor semiconducting properties as compared to [2,3-NcFe(dib)]n. The oligomer 10 can be doped with iodine, and the resulting product [(CN)4-2,3-NcFe(dib)I1.4]n shows a powder conductivity s̰RT = 2 × 10-5 S/cm at room temperature.
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  • 86
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: 4-Alkylpyridines, lithiated ; Lithium coordination in solution ; Calculations, MNDO ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The First X-ray Structures of N-Lithiated 4-Alkylidene-1,4-dihydropyridines [{4-(CH3CR)C5H4N}Li(TMEDA)]2: Comparison of the X-ray and MNDO Geometries and Investigation of Lithium Coordination in SolutionThe 4-ethyl- and -isopropylpyridines 5a and b were transformed into the lithiated compounds [{4-(CH3CH)C5H4N}-Li(TMEDA)]2 (6a) and [{4-(CH3CCH3)C5H4N}Li(TMEDA)]2 (6b) by reaction with LDA and in the presence of TMEDA. These compounds were recrystallized from a toluene/hexane solution to obtain suitable crystals for X-ray investigations. Both structures are dimeric containing nonstoichiometric amounts of toluene in the crystals. The structural parameters of the heterocyclic moieties of 6a or b are typical of N-lithiated 4-alkylidene-1,4-dihydropyridines. MNDO geometries compare quite well with the X-ray structure of 6a. The lithium atom of 6a in solution prefers the same type of coordination as in the crystal: Two-dimensional 6Li,1H-HOESY showed Li contacts only to ortho-hydrogen atoms (Figure 3). 6a and b react differently with chlorotrimethylsilane (8). The variations of the alkylidene moieties of 6a and b, although seemingly small, are decisive: While the α,α-dimethyl compound 6b reacts exclusively as an N nucleophile, the α-methyl compound 6a functions also exclusively as a Cα nucleophile.
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  • 87
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 125 (1992), S. 1295-1296 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement ; Oxonium ions ; n Participation ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 2-Oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-7-yl Cations2-Oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one (10) was prepared in five steps, starting from 3-cyclopenten-1-ol (5). The tosylhydrazone 11, derived from 10, was photolyzed in 0.5 N NaOD/D2O to give 〉99% of 2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-exo-7-ol (9) with equal distribution of D at C-1 and C-7. In contrast to the parent 6-bicyclo[3.2.1]octyl cation (1), the oxa analog 14 exhibits the same symmetry as was observed with the 6-oxa-2-norbornyl cation (13). The conformational effects that are evident in 1 are overruled by strong n participation.
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  • 88
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 125 (1992) 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 89
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 125 (1992), S. 1325-1332 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: 1,5,2,4-Diazadiphosphorinan-6-one ; Tetrachloro-ortho-benzoquinone ; Oxidation ; Spirophosphorane ; Spirophosphorate ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The oxidation of 2,4-bis(diethylamino)-1,5-dimethyl-1,5,2,4-diazadiphosphorinan-6-one (1b) with two equivalents of tetrachloro-ortho-benzoquinone (TOB) (2) leads to the cleavage of the original heterocycle and to the formation of a mixture of compounds, including the 1,3,2-diazaphosphetidine 6 (“λ6P-”) and the spirophosphorane 7. Compound 7 exists as two isomers that undergo slow spontaneous transformation in solution to compound 9, containing a six-coordinate phosphorus atom. When the oxidation of 1b is carried out in two stages, with the second equivalent of TOB being added after an interval of four days, the cleavage of the original molecule does not occur, and compound 17, containing a seven-membered ring with two phosphorus atoms of opposite formal charge and different coordination number (“λ4P+,λ6P-”) is formed. The structures of 6, 7, 9, and 17 were established by low-temperature X-ray analysis. Compound 6 displays crystallographic twofold symmetry; the coordination at phosphorus is octahedral, but distorted by the phosphetidine ring. The phosphorus atom in 7 possesses square pyramidal coordination geometry, the pyramid base being defined by the four oxygen atoms. Compound 9 (“λ6P-”) crystallized with two molecules of CDCl3. Compound 17 crystallized as a dichloromethane solvate. Distorted octahedral and tetrahedral geometries were observed for P1 and P2, respectively. The four-membered ring is planar. The bridging hydroquinone ligand displays much wider O-C-C(-O) and C-O-P angles than the chelating hydroquinone.
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  • 90
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 125 (1992), S. 1351-1362 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: 1,2,5-Oxoniadiboratoles, 2,5-dihydro-, organo-substituted ; 1,2,5-Oxadiborolanes, organo-substituted ; 1,3,2-Diboroxanes, substituted with unsaturated residues ; Boryl-germyl exchange ; cis-1,2-Diborylalkenes, organo-substituted ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Substituted 2,5-Dihydro-1,2,5-oxoniadiboratoles, cis-1,2-Diborylalkenes, and 1,2,5-Oxadiborolanes - Preparation and CharacterizationThe potassium salts (A: R = R′ = Et; B: R2 = C8H14, R′ = Me; C: R2 = C8H14, R′ = Et) react with various electrophiles (H+, R+, Me3ElIV+) to form substituted 1,3,2-diboroxanes (1, iso8b) including 1,2,5-oxadiborolanes (2, 4, 6, 9, 10), dialkylvinylboranes (1'), 2,5-dihydro-1,2,5-oxoniadiboratoles (3, 5) and cis-1,2-diborylalkenes (7, 8). In particular, A-C react with HCl (as Me3NHCl/THF or HCl/Et2O) to give O[B(Et)C(Et) = CHR]2 (1a: R = Me; 1b: R = Et), R2BCR′ = CHEt (1'a: R = R′ = Et; 1'b: R2 = C8H14, R′ = Me; 1'c: R2 = C8H14, R′ = Et) and (2a: R,R′ = Et; 2b: R2 = C8H14, R′ = Me; 2c: R2 = C8H14, R′ = Et). With MeI in THF the cyclic compounds (3a) or (4b/4'b: R = Me; 4c/4'c: R = Et) and with Et3O · BF4 in CH2Cl2 the heterocycle - (5a) and cis-EtOB(C8H14)C(Et) = C(Et)BEt (5c) and/or (6b: R = Me; 6c: R = Et) are obtained. The reactions of A with ClElIVMe3 (ElIV = Si, Ge, Sn) lead to cis-Et2BC(Et) = CB(Et)OE1IVMe3 [ElIV=Si(7a), Ge (8a)] and to cyclic (9a). The salts B and C react with ClElIVMe3 (ElIV = Si, Ge) to form cis-C8H14BC(R) = C(Et)B(Et)OElIVMe3 (ElIV = Si: 7b: R = Me; 7c: R = Et; ElIV = Ge: 8b: R = Me, 8c: R = Et). On heating 8b isomerizes to cis-Me3GeC(Me) = C(Et)B(Et)OBC8H14 (iso8b). From B and C with ClSnMe3 the substituted 1,2,5-oxadiborolanes (10b/10'b: R = Me; 10c: R = Et) are obtained together with (C8H14B)2O.
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  • 91
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 125 (1992), S. 1375-1377 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Silicon(IV) diazide ; Photolysis ; Matrix isolation ; Silylene, bis(amino)- ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Spectroscopic Identification of a Bis(amino)silyleneThe photolysis of the silicon diazide 3a in benzene solution and in an Ar matrix is described. Both irradiations cause the elimination of 3 equivalents of N2. Loss of N2 from 3a in benzene leads to the formation of the analytically investigated product or products 4 of uncertain structure. However, the matrix photolysis of 3a results in a compound which is stable up to 77 K and has been identified as the bis(amino)silylene 2d by comparison of its IR spectra with those of the homologous Sn and Ge compond.
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  • 92
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Aziridinones, chiral, non-racemic ; α-Lactams ; Azetidin-2-ones, 4-imino- ; Oxazolidin-5-ones ; [2 + 1]Cycloreversion ; [3 + 1]Cycloaddition ; [3 + 2]Cycloaddition ; Zwitter-ions as intermediates ; Calculations, ab initio, RHF, UHF ; Iminooxiranes ; Oxaziridine, methylene ; Trimethylenemethanes, hetero- ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Thermal Reorganization and Cycloaddition Reactions of a Chiral, Non-Racemic Aziridinone (α-Lactam) and Ab Initio Calculations of the C2H3NO Energy Hypersurface[1]The thermal reorganization of the racemic (1 a) and the non-racemic aziridinone (R)-1 a (92% e.e.) is studied in solution in the temperature range of 100-140 °C. Besides traces of the imine 8, which is the product of a direct [2 + 1] cycloreversion of 1 a, the aldehyde 2 a and the isocyanide 4 a are formed in almost quantitative yield. A small fraction of the latter rear-ranges to the nitrile 3 or adds to unchanged 1 a to afford the iminoazetidinone (E)-5 a (5-10%), which is obtained when neat 1 a is heated in the presence of 4 a. The configuration of (E)-5 a is based on nuclear Overhauser experiments. The disappearance of 1 a follows a first-order rate law with k = 44 ° 10-6 s-1 at 130°C, while racemization of (R)-1 a is observed with k [(R)-1 a] = 8.1 · 10-6 s-1. The formal [3 + 1] cycloaddition of tert-butyl isocyanide (4 a) to (R)-1 a produces (E, R*)-5 a of unknown absolute configuration and a low enantiomeric excess (ca. 10%). The product (E, R*)-5 a is not racemized under the reaction conditions. The results are interpreted in terms of a nucleophilic attack of the isocyanide 4 a to C-3 of (R)-1 a resulting in an acyclic nitrilium type zwitterion (R)-21 which, to a large extend, racemizes via the ketene imine 22 before ring-closure to the final product (E,R)-5 a. - Dimethylformamide reacts with (R)-1 a at temperatures as low as 80-100 °C to give the diastereomeric oxazolidin-5-ones cis-and trans-15. The former is formed first and subsequently isomerizes to trans-15. The configuration of cis- and trans-15 is based on nuclear Overhauser experiments. The proton signals of the dimethylamino group of both cis- and trans-15 are temperature-dependent and split into two singlets of equal intensity at Tc = 271 and 250 K as a result of the retardation of two processes, viz. the N inversion and the rotation around the (C-NMe2) bond. In the reaction of (R)-1 a with dimethylformamide, the oxazolidinones (2R,5S)- and (2S,5S)-15 (85-90% e.e.) are formed which are hydrolyzed to the known α-hydroxyamide (S)-16. Hence, the configuration at C-5 of both cis- and trans-15 is (S), and the [3 + 2] cycloaddition of (R)-1 a to dimethylformamide involves inversion at C-3 of (R)-1 a. This result strongly suggests a nucleophilic attack of dimethylformamide to (R)-1 a rather than trapping of an acyclic aziridinone isomer. - In order to rationalize the observed reactions and reactivities, we performed high-level calculations on the parent aziridinone 29 and its cyclic (30, 31) and acyclic (32-35) isomers as well. Among the three-membered rings, 29 (MP2/6-31G*//6-31G*, Erel = 0.00 kJ mol-1) is lowest in energy, followed by the iminooxiranes (E)- and (Z)-31 (Erel = 30.8 and 26.0 kJ mol-1) and the methyleneoxaziridine 30 (Erel = 195.6 kJ mol-1). Energy-rich zwitter-ionic transition states (E)- and (Z)-32 (Erel = 281.9 and 234.6 kJ mol-1) are found with the RHF method. The UHF method is used for open-shell species. Thus, UHF/6-31G*//6-31G* optimizations result in the planar triplet states 33 having very low relative energies, but high spin contamination. UMP2/6-31G* single-point calculations of these triplets result in unrealistic, high relative energies. Complete UHF singlet geometry optimizations lead to the local minimum structure 35 of C1 symmetry (Erel = 34.9 kJ mol-1). At the highest computational level employed (UMP4SDTQ/6-31 + G*//6-31G*), a relative energy of 178.8 kJ mol-1 is obtained for 35. An activation energy of (170 ° 25) kJ mol-1 is estimated for the ring opening of the parent aziridinone 29 involving species with high diradical character.
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  • 93
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Gallium telluride, monomeric elementorganic ; Metathesis reaction between a digallium(4) and a ditellane derivative ; Gallium-tellurium π interaction, Tellurium compounds ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bis[bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl]gallium Bromide and Monomeric {Bis[bis(trimethylsilyl]methyl]gallium} [Tris(trimethylsilyl)silyl]telluride [(Me3Si)2CH]2Ga-TeSi(SiMe3)3Bis[bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl]gallium bromide GaBr[CH(SiMe3)2]2 (4), prepared from Ga2Br4 · 2 dioxane and bis(trimethylsilyl)-methyllithium in the molar ratio of 1:3, reacts with the sterically high-shielded lithium tris(trimethylsilyl)silyltelluride · DME to yield [(Me3Si)2CH]2Ga-TeSi(SiMe3)3 (5). 5 can also be synthesized by a metathetic reaction between tetrakis-[bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl]digallium(4) and bis[tris(trimethylsilyl)silyl]ditellane in toluene at 100°C. A crystal structure determination shows the compound to be monomeric in the solid state and the atoms of the central C2Ga-TeSi moiety to lie in the mirror plane of the molecule. The short Ga-Te distance of 253.5(1) pm as well as a hindered rotation (ΔErot ≍ 50 kJ · mol-1) as detected by NMR measurements might be interpreted in terms of a π interaction between gallium and tellurium.
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  • 94
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 125 (1992), S. 1553-1557 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Phosphido complexes ; Phosphaalkenes ; Diphosphiranes ; Chromium complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Transition-Metal-Substituted Diphosphenes, XXVII[1]. - Synthesis and Structure of the Diphosphirane (η5-C5Me5)(CO)2Fe-PH[Cr(CO)5(η5-C5Me5)(CO)2FePH2 (5), prepared from (η5-C5Me5)(CO)2Fe-P(SiMe3)2 and ethanol, reacts with one equivalent of ClP = C(SiMe3)2 to give the diphosphirane (η5-C5Me5)(CO)2FePH (8). Compound 8 is converted into the iron chromium complex [(η5-C5Me5)(CO)2Fe-H]Cr(CO)5(9). In contrast, the reaction of 5 with two equivalents of ClP=C(SiMe3)2 results in the formation of the cyclotri-phosphane [(η5-C5Me5)(CO)2Fe-[CH(SiMe3)2] (12). The molecular structure of 9 is elucidated by single-crystal X-ray analysis.
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  • 95
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 125 (1992), S. 1313-1318 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Actinides, organo- ; Uranium complexes ; σ-Alkyl complexes ; Chelating ligands ; Benzamidinate ligands ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Stabilization of Uranium(IV) Alkyls by Bulky Chelating Ligands: Molecular Structure of [PhC(NSiMe3)2]3UMeChelate ligand-stabilized uranium σ-methyl complexes are obtained in good yields by treatment of [RC6H4C-(NSiMe3)2]3UCl (1) with methyllithium. The molecular structure of [PhC(NSiMe3)2]3UMe (3a) has been determined by X-ray crystallography. A long uranium - carbon bond [249.8(5) pm] indicates steric crowding in the molecule. Analogously the dimethyluranium complex [(CF3)3C6H2C(NSiMe3)2]2UMe2 (4b) is prepared from [(CF3)3C6H2C(NSiMe3)2]2UCl2 and two equivalents of methyllithium. Reaction of 1 with NaBH4 yields the tetrahydroborates [RC6H4C(NSiMe3)2]3UBH4 (5). The strongly temperature-dependent 1H-NMR spectra of the complexes 1 and 3 have been studied in detail.
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  • 96
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 125 (1992), S. 1589-1595 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Electron-Excess Complexes of Cobalt and Nickel with Cyclobutadiene Ligands: Syntheses, Cyclovoltammetry, and Reactivity[1]A cyclovoltammetric investigation of tetraphenylcyclobutadiene complexes [ML(C4Ph4)]+ [1: ML = NiCp; 2a: ML = Co(C6H6); 2b: ML = Co(mesitylene)] reveals a reversible reduction to paramagnetic complexes 1 and 2a,b with a 19-electron count, and a subsequent irreversible reduction to anions 1- and 2a,b- with a 20-electron shell. Preparative reduction by one equivalent of CpFe(HMB) (HMB = C6Me6) produces the novel 19-electron complexes 1 and 2b. Complex 1 can also be obtained by treatment of 1 · Br with one equivalent of CoCp2 at room temperature while reduction at -20°C with two equivalents of CoCp2 affords a novel C-C-linked adduct CpNi[μ,η3:η4-(C4Ph4-C5H5)]CoCp (5). Above -10°C a slow equilibrium between 5 and its components 1 and CoCp2 is observed with ΔH = 15 kJ/mol for the dissociation process. With an excess of the stronger reductant sodium amalgam the cations 1+ and 2a+ are reduced to give cyclobutenyl complexes ML(η3-1,2,3,endo-4-C4HPh4) [6: ML = NiCp; 7: ML = Co(C6H6)]. 1 reacts with p-nitrobenzyl bromide to give 1 Br and a p-nitrobenzyl addition product CpNi[η3-exo-4-(p-O2NC6H4CH2)-1,2,3,endo-4-C4Ph4] (11) while 2b reacts with MeI to give 2b · I and two isomeric methyl addition products (η5-1,3,5,exo-6-C6H3Me4)Co(C4Ph4)] (12) and (mes)Co(η3-exo-4-Me-1,2,3,endo-4-C4Ph4) (13). Sodium-amalgam reduction of the tetramethylcyclobutadiene cations [(arene)Co(C4Me4)]+ (4a: arene = C6H6; 4b: arene = mesitylene) affords diamagnetic dinuclear compounds of type 8-10 with C-C linkages between C4Me4/C4Me4, arene/C4Me4, and arene/arene rings, respectively.
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  • 97
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 125 (1992), S. 1611-1620 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Radicals ; enol cation ; Benzofurans ; Oxazoles ; Voltammetry, cyclic ; Carbocations ; α-carbonyl ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The one-electron oxidation chemistry of three diaryl-substituted enols, 1,1-dimesityl-1-propen-2-ol (7), 1,2-dimesityl-1-propen-1-ol (8), and 2-mesityl-2-phenylethenol (9), has been examined. As a consequence of the pronounced steric shielding around the β-carbon, 7 does not react with nucleophiles upon addition of 2 eq. of oxidant, but cyclizes to yield benzofuran 18. Under identical conditions, the less shielded enols 8 and 9 react with methanol and other nucleophiles. Several mechanistic hypotheses for nucleophile incorporation are tested, thus allowing the second part of the α-umpolung reaction of ketones via enol cation radicals to be elucidated mechanistically. Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry studies (2000 V · s-1) show no reversible wave of the enol cation radicals. The corresponding methyl enol ether cation radicals, however, have a lifetime of several seconds at -10°C, and the kinetics of their reactions with acetonitrile and methanol was probed. The results obtained are consistent with fast deprotonation being the primary reaction of enol cation radicals. Under the given oxidative conditions the radicals formed are further oxidized. Consequently one-electron oxidation of enols provides an interesting entry to α-carbonyl carbocation chemistry.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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  • 98
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Cyclobutanimines via carbene complexes ; 10-Iminotricyclo[5.3.0.02,9]deca-3,5-dienes ; (Cycloheptatrien-1-ylmethyl)carbene complexes of chromium and tungsten ; Ketenimine complexes, [2 + 2] cycloadditions with alkenes ; Ketene complexes, [2 + 2] cycloadditions ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Organic Syntheses via Transition Metal Complexes, 59[1]. - Cyclobutanimines from Carbenechromium or -tungsten Complexes, Isocyanides, and Alkenes by [2 + 2]-Cycloaddition Reactions of Ketenimine Complexes; Ligand Disengagement with Pyridine10-Iminotricyclo[5.3.0.02,9]deca-3,5-diene complexes syn/anti-4 are obtained in yields higher than 90% by the addition of isocyanides RNC 2 [R = c-C6H11 (a), CH3 (b)] to (cycloheptatrien-1-ylmethyl)carbene complexes LnM=C(OEt)CH2(C7H7) 1 [LnM = Cr(CO)5 (a), W(CO)5 (b)]. The reactions involve an intermediate formation of ketenimine complexes LnM[RN=C=C(OEt)CH2C7H7] 3 by the insertion of 2 into the M=C bonds of 1. Complexes 3 isomerize to give the cyclo-butanimines 4 by an intramolecular [2s + 2a]-cycloaddition reaction of the ketenimine to the alkene unit. The structure of anti-4c has been determined by a crystal structure analysis. Complexes 4 react with pyridine by the fragmentation of the four-membered ring to yield a tetrahydroazulen-1-imine 6 which was hydrolyzed to the corresponding ketone 7;7 is also obtained along an independent route by the photolysis of 1a in the presence of carbon monoxide. The first isolated product of the latter reaction is the tricyclo[5.3.0.02,9]deca-3,5-dienone 9, which presumably is formed via an intermediate ketene complex N and the tricyclic ketone O; 9 on warming with pyridine rearranges to 7.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 125 (1992), S. 1647-1656 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Cycloadditions ; Diels-Alder reactions ; Kinetics ; Zwitterionic intermediates ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: trans-1-(Dimethylamino)-1,3-butadiene is allowed to react with methyl acrylate, acrylonitrile, maleo- and fumaronitrile, dimethyl maleate and fumarate, as well as with dimethyl dicyanomaleate and dicyanofumarate. In all cases except the two last ones where only a single isomer is obtained mixtures (endo/exo) of cycloadducts are formed. Structures are determined by a combination of one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. The E/Z isomeric maleo- and fumaronitrile add stereospecifically to the diene. Cycloaddition of dimethyl maleate and fumarate leads to the same mixture of isomers in almost the same ratio. The reaction of dimethyl dicyanomaleate and dimethyl dicyanofumarate yields a cycloadduct which seems to be the thermodynamically most stable one. The results are interpreted in such a manner that a concerted cycloaddition takes place with maleo- and fumaronitrile, while stepwise reactions, presumably proceeding via zwitterions, are observed with dimethyl maleate, fumarate, the strongly electrophilic dimethyl dicyanomaleate and dicyanofumarate. With increasing capability of the dienophile to stabilize a negative charge the mechanism changes from a concerted to a stepwise reaction.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 125 (1992), S. 1675-1686 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Azobenzene ; Concave dyes ; Dyes ; Isomerism, in-out ; Macrocycles ; Molecular switches ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Concave Dyes with Azobenzene Units as Chromophores, Photoswitchable and Cavity-Forming ElementsFive monomacrocyclic (12a-e) and three types of threefold azobenzene-bridged oligomacrocyclic compounds (15, 17, 28, 31) have been synthesized. Due to the cavity-forming chromophores at the periphery of these molecules they represent concave dyes. The watersoluble monocycles 12b-e were photoisomerized and investigated before and after E/Z isomerization with regard to their host properties for small neutral organic guest compounds. The bicyclic azobenzene derivative 31 with triphenylethane spacers exhibits in/out isomerism. The in/out isomer 31c was separated by HPLC from 31a and b, which are in equilibrium at room temperature. The tris(2-aminoethyl)amine-capped Schiff bases 15 and 17 form complexes with Cu(CH3CN)4BF4.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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