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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (351)
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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (351)
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  • 2005-2009
  • 1995-1999  (52)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytochemical staining and ultrastructural characteristics of peripheral blood leucocytes from the yellow rat snake (Elaphe obsoleta quadrivitatta) (1996)
    Springer
    Comparative clinical pathology 6 (1996), S. 86-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2981
    Keywords: Cytochemical staining ; Leucocytes ; Snake ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cytochemical staining and ultrastructural characteristics of peripheral blood leucocytes from the yellow rat snake are described. A panel of cytochemical stains, including demonstration of myeloperoxidase, acid phosphatase, naphthol AS-D chloracetate esterase, alpha-naphthol butyrate esterase and alkaline phosphatase activities; and periodic acid-Schiff and Sudan Black-B staining was performed. Snake heterophils lacked peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase activity. Azurophils stained positively for all stains except alkaline phosphatase activity. Lymphocytes showed positive acid phosphatase activity. Differentiation of thrombocytes from lymphocytes was very difficult even with cytochemical staining. Only a minor staining difference was observed with periodic acid-Schiff stain. Thrombocytes exhibited coarse, dark, purple stippling usually located in the polar area of the cytoplasm, whereas lymphocyte staining varied from none to very fine, pale pink granules dispersed throughout the cytoplasm. Ultrastructural characteristics were similar to those of mammalian leucocytes with the exception that the snake basophil granules have no crystalline matrix, and heterophil granules appeared as large, elongate, membrane bound structures of varying density with no distinct core or matrix.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00426047
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hochauflösende Rasterelektronenmikroskopie von isolierten äußeren Haarzellen (1996)
    Springer
    HNO 44 (1996), S. 630-633 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0458
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Innenohr ; Ultrastruktur ; Einzelzelle ; SEM ; Key words Inner ear ; Ultrastructure ; Isolated hair cells ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Isolated hair cell preparations have gained wide acceptance as a model for studying physiological and molecular properties of the sensory cells involved in the hearing process. Ultrastructural details, such as stereocilia links, lateral membrane substructure or synaptic links are of crucial importance for normal sensory transduction. For this reason, we developed a high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) procedure to study the surface of isolated hair cells. Cells were mechanically and/or enzymatically separated, isolated and immobilized on cover slips by alcian blue and fixed by 2% glutardialdehyde or 1% OsO4. After dehydration, preparations were critical point-dried and sputter-coated with gold-palladium (2–4 nm). Up to 5 nm resolution was achieved. Optimal fixation kept the cells in their typical cylindrical forms. Preservation of the stereocilia and the apical plates of the outer hair cells depended strongly on the fixation process. Tip- and side-links were observed only sporadically because of the aggressive preparation procedure. The lateral plasma membranes of the cell bodies showed regular granular structures of 5–7 nm diameter at maximal magnification. The granular structure of the cell membrane seemed to correspond to putataive transmembrane proteins believed to generate membrane-based motility. The remnants of the nerve endings and/or supporting cells usually covered the cell base. The preservation of the cells was better when enzymatic isolation was omitted. The technique used allowed for high resolution ultrastructural examination of isolated hair cells and, when combined with immunological labeling, may permit the identification of proteins at a molecular level.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Isolierte Sensorzellen aus dem Innenohr stellen ein akzeptiertes Modell zur Untersuchung von elektrophysiologischen und molekularen Eigenschaften dieser Zellen dar. Um morphologische Substrukturen zu erfassen, haben wir ein rasterelektronenmikroskopisches (REM) Untersuchungsprotokol zur Darstellung der Oberfläche isolierter Haarzellen entwickelt. Die Zellen wurden mechanisch und/oder enzymatisch isoliert und auf mit Alcianblau (0,1–1%) beschichteten Glasplättchen immobilisiert. Es folgte eine chemische Fixation mit Glutardialdehyd und Osmiumtetroxyd. Nach einer Ethanoldehydratation und Trocknung nach der Kritischen-Punkt-Methode mit Hilfe von CO 2 wurden die Proben mit einer dünnen Schicht Gold-Paladium (2–4 nm) beschichtet. Die Untersuchung erfolgte am REM der Fa. Hitachi S-800. Bei optimaler Fixierung wurde die typische zylindrische Form der Zellen erhalten. Wegen der aggressiven Preparation gelang die Darstellung von Tip- und Side-links nur unregelmäßig. Die laterale Zellwand erschien bei maximaler Vergrößerung regelmäßig granuliert bei einer Korngröße von 5–7 nm. Bei der dargestellten Granulation handelt es sich um intramembranöse Partikel (IMP). Diese können Proteinen entsprechen, die durch ihre Fähigkeit zur spannungsabhängigen Konformationsänderung die Motilität der Haarzellen erklären lassen. An der basalen Region der Zelle war keine Granulation feststellbar. Dieser Bereich war mit Nervenendigungen bzw. Resten der Deiters-Zellen bedeckt. Diese Technik ermöglicht die REM-Untersuchung von isolierten Sensorzellen aus dem Innenohr.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001060050068
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acute monocytic leukaemia (M5a) in a horse (1996)
    Springer
    Comparative clinical pathology 6 (1996), S. 111-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2981
    Keywords: Alpha naphthyl acetate esterase ; Cytochemistry ; Horse ; Monocyte ; Monocytic leukaemia ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Acute monocytic leukaemia (M5a) was diagnosed in a 17-year-old Standardbred gelding with lethargy, intermittent pyrexia, oedema of the limbs, harsh lung sounds and submandibular lymphadeopathy. Haematological findings included moderately severe anaemia, thrombocytopenia and a leucocyte count within the reference interval, but characterised by neutropenia and numerous blast cells. Monocytic lineage of the cell population was suggested by examination of Wright-Leishman-stained blood and bone marrow smears. A panel of cytochemical stains disclosed diffuse cytoplasmic α-naphthyl-acetate esterase activity which could be markedly inhibited or abolished in all leukaemic cells by pretreatment with sodium fluoride. In ultrastructural preparations of buffy coat, neoplastic monoblasts had one to two nucleoli, dispersed chromatin, elongated mitochondria, scattered profiles of rough endoplasmic reticulum, bundles of microfilaments and pseudopodia. More differentiated monocytoid cells had infrequent lysosomal granules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00426052
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of long-term open-air exposure to fluoride, nitrogen compounds and SO2 on visible symptoms, pollutant accumulation and ultrastructure of Scots pine and Norway spruce seedlings (1996)
    Springer
    Trees 10 (1996), S. 157-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2285
    Keywords: Conifer ; Fluoride ; Nitrogen ; Sulphur dioxide ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Effects of SO2, aqueous fluoride (NaF) and a solution of nitrogen compounds (NH4NO3) on the visible symptoms, pollutant accumulation and ultrastructure of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] seedlings were studied in an open-air experiment lasting for 3 consecutive years. Visible injury symptoms were most pronounced in combination exposures and whenever F was applied. Visible symptoms correlated well with needle pollutant concentrations. Exposure to NaF increased needle F contents particularly when F was applied with SO2 or NH4NO3. This suggests that a reduction in N or SO2 emissions, in F polluted areas, could improve the condition of conifers via decreased accumulation of phytotoxic F in the needles. Norway spruce needles accumulated 2–10 times as much S and F as those of Scots pine. Microscopic observations showed various changes in the needle mesophyll cell ultrastructure. In both species, exposure to SO2 increased significantly the amount of cytoplasmic vacuoles, suggesting detoxification of excess sulphate or low pH. F treatments resulted in a significant enlargement of plastoglobuli in Scots pine and a darkening of plastoglobuli in Norway spruce. All exposures enhanced the accumulation of lipid bodies. An increased portion of translucent plastoglobuli was most pronounced in N treatments. Many of the ultrastructural changes and visible symptoms appeared only as number of years exposed increased, indicating that long-term experiments are needed. Both visible symptoms and ultrastructural changes pointed to the more pronounced sensitivity of Norway spruce compared to Scots pine. Ultrastructural results mostly supported earlier qualitative observations of F, N and SO2 effects on needle mesophyll cell ultrastructure. However, no reduction of thylakoids in SO2 containing exposure or curling of thylakoids in F exposure could be detected in the present study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02340767
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of multinucleated giant cell apoptosis in foreign-body granuloma (1996)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 428 (1996), S. 165-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Foreign-body giant cells ; Granulation tissue ; Apoptosis ; Ultrastructure ; p53 expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To elucidate the role of apoptosis in the disappearance of multinucleated giant cells from the granulation tissue in cases of foreign-body granuloma, we induced a foreign-body reaction by implanting a collagen sponge into the dorsum of the rat and observed apoptotic changes within the multinucleated giant cells using electron microscopy. Two types of multinucleated giant cells were identified presenting apoptotic characteristics morphologically. One was characterized by apoptosis of only one nucleus, followed by cytoplasmic changes, rupture of the plasma membrane and necrosis evoking an inflammatory reaction. The other showed typical apoptotic changes in the majority or in all of the nuclei, followed by phagocytosis of the apoptotic syncytia. The results of the present study suggest that apoptosis occurring within only one nucleus might be triggered by overexpression of the p53 protein, because DNA abnormalities are confined to this single nucleus. In contrast apoptosis occurring simultaneously in the majority or all of the nuclei is most probably due to cell death caused by senescence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00200659
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structural changes of muscle spindles in the gracile axonal dystrophy mutant mouse (1996)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 428 (1996), S. 289-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Mutant mouse ; Axonal degeneration ; Dying back process ; Muscle spindles ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Fine structural changes of muscle spindles in the extensor digitorum longus of the gracile axonal dystrophy mutant mouse were studied from 20 to 120 postnatal days. Degenerative nerve endings in muscle spindles were first recognized at 20 postnatal days. The sensory nerve endings were usually swollen with decrease of cell organelles, and the cytoplasm was electron-lucent. At 50 postnatal days, atrophic nerve endings were frequently observed in the narrow spaces between the indented cell membrane of intrafusal muscle cells and the basement membrane. In addition to degenerative and atrophic changes, regenerative axons showing fine sprouts (with or without Schwann cell projections) appeared in the sensory nerve endings at this time. At 80 postnatal days, sensory nerve endings frequently showed dystrophic changes characterized by axonal dilatation with accumulations of neurofilaments, tubulovesicular structures, mitochondria and myelin-like figures. These findings suggest that axonal transport in the sensory nerve endings is impaired in this mutant mouse. Motor nerve endings were usually well preserved and normal structures even at 80 postnatal days. Intrafusal fibrosis, decrease in number of sensory nerve endings and atrophy of intrafusal muscle fibres were clearly recognized by 100 days of age.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00196703
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical localization of Tamm-Horsfall protein in the kidneys of normal and nephrolithic rats (1996)
    Springer
    Urological research 24 (1996), S. 201-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Calcium oxalate ; Hyperoxaluria ; Nephrolithiasis ; Tamm-Horsfall protein ; Immunocytochemistry ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Studies using in vitro systems have indicated that Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) can interact with calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals during kidney stone formation. However, information regarding the nature of its participation in this process remains controversial and unclear. In order to better understand the putative interaction of THP and crystals in vivo, we compared the localization of THP in normal rats and in chronic and semi-acute rat models of nephrolithiasis. In these rats, CaOx crystal deposits were induced in the kidneys by administering ethylene glycol (EG) in drinking water. The formation of CaOx mono- and dihydrate aggregates in the urine was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. Immunohistochemical localization, as well as protein A-gold labeling at the ultrastructural level, demonstrated that in addition to its normal distribution, THP specifically associated with the renal crystal deposits. The THP-containing, organic matrix-like material consisted of a fine, fibrillar meshwork surrounding individual crystals and their aggregates. In addition, THP also appeared in the papilla, where it is normally absent, concurrent with the appearance of crystal deposits in the kidneys. These observations indicate that in nephrolithic rats the normal localization of THP is altered. Such an alteration may indicate an important physiological event related to crystal aggregation and kidney stone formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00295893
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The microvascular system in ischemic cortical lesions (1996)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 92 (1996), S. 56-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Brain ; Ultrastructure ; Vascular cast ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Microvasculature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In the rat, normal blood flow can be restored in the territory of the occluded artery after an arterial occlusion. This event has been attributed to changes in the collateral vessels supplying the territory of the occluded artery. Since only a limited amount of data is available about the plasticity of the microvascular system after a cortical ischemic lesion, in the present study we have evaluated whether the restoration of blood flow to normal levels in the territory of the middle cerebral artery after permanent ischemia is due only to flow through preexisting collateral vessels or also to the development of new microvessels. Middle cerebral artery occlusion was performed in 45 rats. After 24 h of ischemia, magnetic resonance imaging was used to select 16 rats with cortical lesions of similar size and location. After 2 weeks, vascular corrosion casts were obtained from 8 rats by injection of low-viscosity resin and observed by scanning electron microscopy. A correlative light and electron microscopy study was performed using the remaining 8 rats. Two different patterns of vascular modifications were found, one dorsal and one ventral to the lesion. The dorsal portion of the lesion was vascularized by collateral arteries originating from the anterior or posterior cerebral arteries. Collateral trunks showed a meandering course, mainly in the occipital pole. In the ventral portion of the lesion a complex microvascular system was found characterized by an intense vascular proliferation. The arterioles showed a parallel, candelabrum-like pattern with dichotomic branching. Contraction rings were frequently seen. The capillaries showed a sinusoid-like structure, with a large lumen and a continuous endothelium with many micropinocytotic vesicles. A peripheral ring-shaped venous sinus was composed of a network of flat vessels. These results give the first comprehensive description of the microvascular modifications in a focal model of infarct and suggest that the restoration of blood flow to normal levels described in the territory of the middle cerebral artery after permanent ischemia may be due not only to flow through collateral vessels but also to the development of a new vascular system originating mainly from branches of the middle cerebral artery before the occlusion point.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050489
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synaptology of the olfactory bulb of an elasmobranch fish, Sphyrna tiburo (1996)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 193 (1996), S. 101-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Ultrastructure ; Olfaction ; Sharks ; Basal dendrites ; Synapses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The ultrastructure of the elasmobranch olfactory bulb was examined in order to determine the synaptology of the olfactory circuitry in the bonnethead shark, Sphyrna tiburo. The compartmentalization of the bulb, together with the lack of mitral cell basal dendrites, suggests a different way of performing lateral communication between mitral cells of the olfactory bulb. The results show that granule cells assume an important role by directly interlinking mitral cells. A corollary of this is the segregation of the input onto the mitral cell dendritic arborization: afferent fibers synapse onto the intraglomerular mitral terminals, whereas most local circuit interactions utilize extraglomerular synapses located on the shafts and the somas of the mitral dendrites. Therefore, the elasmobranch synaptic pattern is different from that of higher vertebrates; This might represent the use of a different neural route to achieve the same processing task.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214701
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synaptic organization of afferent projections to the supramammillary nucleus of the rat (1996)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 193 (1996), S. 249-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: WGA-HRP ; anterograde tracing ; Ultrastructure ; Preoptic area ; Nucleus of diagonal band ; Laterodorsal tegmental nucleus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We studied the fine structure of afferent terminals from the preoptic area, the nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca, the infralimbic cortex and the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus within the supramammillary nucleus (SUM) using the anterograde tracing method of horse-radish peroxidase conjugated with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA-HRP). Injection of WGA-HRP into the preoptic area permitted ultrastructural recognition of many anterogradely labeled terminals in the SUM. Almost all labeled terminals (99%) contained clear round synaptic vesicles and formed asymmetric synaptic contacts (Gray's type I). About 86% of labeled terminals from the nucleus of the diagonal band were asymmetric (Gray's type I), whereas 14% contained pleomorphic synaptic vesicles and formed symmetric synaptic contacts (Gray's type II). Almost all labeled terminals from the infralimbic cortex were located in the ventral part of the SUM, and 95% of labeled terminals were Gray's type I. The majority of labeled terminals (90%) from the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus were Gray's type I, and the remaining (10%) were Gray's type II. The percentage of labeled terminals with dense-cored vesicles was very high in terminals from the preoptic area (70%), and low in terminals from the infralimbic cortex (19%). Labeled terminals in all cases contacted mainly intermediate-sized dendrites (0.5–1.0 μm diameter). All cases had only a few labeled axosomatic terminals. The cases of injections into the preoptic area and the diagonal band nucleus had some reciprocal connections at the ultrastructural level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00198328
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of the interstitial cells associated with the submuscular plexus of the guinea-pig colon (1996)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 194 (1996), S. 49-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Pacemaker ; Interstitial cells of Cajal ; Intestine ; Ultrastructure ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Interstitial cells associated with the submuscular plexus of the guinea pig colon were studied by electron microscopy and by light microscopic wholemount stretch preparations. Their cytoplasmic features are similar to those of fibroblasts and they contain a well-developed Golgi apparatus, granular endoplasmic reticulum and many mitochondria. Intermediate filaments are abundantly distributed throughout the perinuclear region and processes. Numerous caveolae, a basal lamina and subsurface cisterns are observed on the cell membrane as in smooth muscle cells. The most characteristic feature of this cell type is the existence of many large gap junctions that interconnect these cells to each other and with the smooth muscle cells. Nerve varicosities containing synaptic vesicles are observed in close apposition with cells of this type. Whole-mount preparations stained by the zinc iodide-osmic acid method and by vimentin immunohistochemistry clearly demonstrated the stellate form of these gap junction-rich cells and suggested that they correspond to the interstitial cells of Cajal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00196314
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of long-term open-air exposure to fluoride, nitrogen compounds and SO2 on visible symptoms, pollutant accumulation and ultrastructure of Scots pine and Norway spruce seedlings (1996)
    Springer
    Trees 10 (1996), S. 157-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 0931-1890
    Keywords: Key words Conifer ; Fluoride ; Nitrogen ; Sulphur dioxide ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  Effects of SO2, aqueous fluoride (NaF) and a solution of nitrogen compounds (NH4NO3) on the visible symptoms, pollutant accumulation and ultrastructure of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] seedlings were studied in an open-air experiment lasting for 3 consecutive years. Visible injury symptoms were most pronounced in combination exposures and whenever F was applied. Visible symptoms correlated well with needle pollutant concentrations. Exposure to NaF increased needle F contents particularly when F was applied with SO2 or NH4NO3. This suggests that a reduction in N or SO2 emissions, in F polluted areas, could improve the condition of conifers via decreased accumulation of phytotoxic F in the needles. Norway spruce needles accumulated 2 – 10 times as much S and F as those of Scots pine. Microscopic observations showed various changes in the needle mesophyll cell ultrastructure. In both species, exposure to SO2 increased significantly the amount of cytoplasmic vacuoles, suggesting detoxification of excess sulphate or low pH. F treatments resulted in a significant enlargement of plastoglobuli in Scots pine and a darkening of plastoglobuli in Norway spruce. All exposures enhanced the accumulation of lipid bodies. An increased portion of translucent plastoglobuli was most pronounced in N treatments. Many of the ultrastructural changes and visible symptoms appeared only as number of years exposed increased, indicating that long-term experiments are needed. Both visible symptoms and ultrastructural changes pointed to the more pronounced sensitivity of Norway spruce compared to Scots pine. Ultrastructural results mostly supported earlier qualitative observations of F, N and SO2 effects on needle mesophyll cell ultrastructure. However, no reduction of thylakoids in SO2 containing exposure or curling of thylakoids in F exposure could be detected in the present study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00009644
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coexistence of paired helical filaments and polyglucosan bodies in the same neuron in an autopsy case of Alzheimer’s disease (1996)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 92 (1996), S. 511-514 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Paired helical filament ; Polyglucosan ; body ; Alzheimer’s disease ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The coexistence of polyglucosan bodies (PBs) and paired helical filaments (PHFs) in the same neuron is reported in an autopsy case of Alzheimer’s disease. The patient was a 56-year-old Japanese male with a typical clinical course and pathological findings of Alzheimer’s disease. Electron microscopically, numerous neurofibrillary tangles, mainly composed of PHFs, were observed in the neuronal cytoplasm, axons and dendrites. Some of them coexisted with other filamentous structures, which comprised randomly oriented branching filaments with a diameter of 5–10 nm. These structures were compatible with PBs. Glial tangles could not be found. Coexistence of these two structures was thought to occur in neurites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050553
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Early ultrastructural changes after brief histotoxic hypoxia in cultured cortical and hippocampal CA1 neurons (1996)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 92 (1996), S. 541-544 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Neuronal cultures ; Iodoacetate ; Histotoxic ; hypoxia ; Ribosomes ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Primary cortical and hippocampal neuronal cultures submitted to brief histotoxic hypoxia suffer delayed neuronal death after 24 h [Uto et al. (1995) J Neurochem 64: 2185–2192]. In this study the ultrastructural changes were monitored during the first 6 h following 5-min histotoxic hypoxia induced by exposure to 100 μM iodoacetate. In both cortical and hippocampal CA1 neurons, disaggregation of ribosomes was the earliest sign of histotoxic pathology. Vacuolizations of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, as well as fragmentation and disintegration of neurofilaments followed later. Signs of apoptotic nuclear degeneration were absent. Our observations demonstrate that, similar to that seen in ischemia, disaggregation of ribosomes after brief histotoxic hypoxia is one of the first pathological alterations heralding delayed neuronal death.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050559
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eosinophilic bodies in the cerebral cortex of Alzheimer’s disease cases (1996)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 92 (1996), S. 555-561 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Homogeneous dense body ; Alzheimer’s disease ; Ultrastructure ; Axonal dystrophy ; Eosinophilic body
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The light microscopical, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural aspects of eosinophilic bodies in the cerebral cortex from patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are described, based on a study of 16 cases of AD, 5 elderly non-demented controls and, as disease controls, 5 cases of Pick’s disease, 9 with progressive supranuclear palsy, 5 with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and 1 with Binswanger’s disease. At the light microscopy level, the bodies were clearly separated from the surrounding tissues and were mostly round or elliptic with a diameter of 5–30 μm and a central, intensely eosinophilic core. Ultrastructurally, they consisted of a central homogeneous electron-dense body (HDB), and filamentous structures (resembling either neurofilaments or paired helical filaments) or other small organelles in the periphery. Immunohistochemically, some of these bodies exhibited ring-shaped rims which were positive with antibodies against paired helical filaments, tau-2, phosphorylated neurofilaments and ubiquitin. The bodies were widely distributed throughout the cerebral cortex, but were not observed in the white matter. These bodies were thought to be compatible with one type of axonal dystrophy in the gracile nucleus (termed ‘old’ spheroid by Jellinger), and are here referred to as the HDB-type spheroid based on their ultrastructure. In this study HDB-type spheroids were found in high incidence in the AD cases, but only two HDB-type spheroids were seen in one case of Pick’s disease, and none in any of the other cases of neurodegenerative diseases or in the elderly non-demented controls. It seems plausible that the incidence of HDB-type spheroids in the cerebral cortex might be related to a pathological process and not to a physiological ageing phenomenon, and might be characteristic of, but not unique to, AD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050561
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Early organization of the pituitary gland in Sparus aurata L. (Teleostei) An ultrastructural study (1996)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 193 (1996), S. 441-452 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Pituitary gland ; Development ; Ultrastructure ; Sparus aurata (Teleostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The cell organization of the pituitary gland and the relationship between neurohypophysis and adenohypophysis in the early developmental stages of the gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata, were studied by electron microscopy. In newly hatched larvae, the pituitary gland was embedded in the ventral floor of the diencephalon and separated from the hypothalamus by a continuous basal lamina. Elongated mesenchymal cells next to the ventral surface were observed. At this stage, there was no neurohypophysis and the adenohypophysis consisted of undifferentiated endocrine cells with small scarce secretory granules and a few stellate cells, with no distinctive zonation. An incipient neurohypophysis was present in 1-day-old larvae. The first evagination of the neurohypophysis into the adenohypophysis were observed in 2-day-old larvae and developed progressively with age, being deeper in the caudal zone. Two regions in the adenohypophysis, one anterior — the presumptive pars distalis — and one posterior — the presumptive pars intermedia — were found in 2-day-old larvae. Three regions (rostral and proximal pars distalis and pars intermedia) were clearly distinguishable in 4-day-old larvae. The ultrastructural features of the pituitary endocrine cells varied during gland differentiation, with the secretory granules gradually increasing in number and size, accompanying organelle development. Nevertheless, even in the oldest larvae studied (65 days), undifferentiated cells similar to those in the earliest stages were observed. The first blood vessels appeared in the neurohypophysis around 16 days after hatching. During early development, the pituitary gland progressively emerged from the ventral floor of the brain. By 16 days, the principal pattern of the pituitary gland architecture appeared to be established.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00185875
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synaptic loss in anterior horn neurons in lower motor neuron disease (1996)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 91 (1996), S. 416-421 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Motor neuron disease ; Anterior horn ; neuron ; Synapse ; Active zone ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This report concerns an ultrastructural investigation of the synapses of anterior horn neurons in the lumbar spinal cord of four patients with lower motor neuron disease (LMND) who had no upper motor neuron and corticospinal tract involvement. Anterior horn neurons of five normal individuals served as controls. The cell body area and the number of synapses of the normal-appearing neurons of the LMND patients were significantly reduced (P 〈 0.0001). These findings suggest that synaptic changes of anterior horn neurons could be ascribed to the degeneration of lower motor neurons rather than to the influence of upper motor neuron system degeneration. On the other hand, the lengths of individual synapses (P 〈 0.0001) and of their active zones (P 〈 0.05) were significantly increased in the patients. These increases would indicate that synapses on anterior horn neurons of individuals with LMND appear to have the capacity to react to progressive degeneration and loss of other synapses by means of a compensatory response or plasticity that enhances their efficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050444
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rattan bamboo blind (Japanese sudare)-like profiles of neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer’s disease (1996)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 91 (1996), S. 448-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Neurofibrillary tangles ; Alzheimer’s ; disease ; Ultrastructure ; Rattan bamboo blind-like ; arrangement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An unusual ultrastructure for neurofibrillary tangles, which has not been described so far, is presented in a case of Alzheimer’s disease. This profile consists of parallelly arranged paired helical filaments and criss-cross tubular profiles that are arranged at regular interval of 300–500 nm, resembling rattan bamboo blind or Japanese sudare-like profiles. Coexistence of Hirano bodies in the same neuron is infrequently encountered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050451
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural consequences of radical damage before and after differentiation of neuroblastoma B-104 cells (1996)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 92 (1996), S. 75-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Radicals ; Neuron ; Ultrastructure ; Differentiation ; Golgi
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract There is abundant evidence that the pathophysiology leading to neuronal death during post-ischemic brain reperfusion involves radical-mediated damage. Although the ultrastructural alterations accompanying brain ischemia and reperfusion are well characterized, little is known about the ultrastructural alterations that are specific to radical damage. This study examines in differentiated and undifferentiated neuroblastoma B-104 cells the viability (by dye exclusion) and ultrastructural consequences of radical damage initiated by 50 μM cumene hydroperoxide (CumOOH). Differentiation was most notably associated with formation of neurites and an extensive cytoskeletal feltwork. CumOOH-induced cell death was increased after differentiation and was blocked by the iron chelator DETAPAC. The ultrastructural characteristics of radical damage here included: (1) plasmalemmal holes that appear to undergo “patching” by well-organized membrane whorls, (2) accumulation of numerous free ribosomes, (3) markedly increased vesicular trafficking about the Golgi accompanied by Golgi transformation from cisternal organization to clusters of vacuoles with numerous fusing vesicles, (4) development of large multi-layered vacuoles that include damage membranes and organelles and appear to undergo extrusion from the cell, and (5) a general loss of cytoplasmic volume. These ultrastructural alterations developed more rapidly and were consistently more advanced in differentiated cells throughout the 6-h time course. In differentiated cells radical damage also induced the disorganization and subsequent loss of the extensive feltwork of cytoskeletal elements. There was little damage to the membranes of the nuclear envelope and mitochondria. Our observations in this system are strikingly similar to ultrastructural alterations in Golgi and ribosomal organization seen in vulnerable neurons during post-ischemic brain reperfusion and suggest that these alterations during reperfusion reflect the consequence of radical-mediated damage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050492
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tectorial membrane-organ of Corti relationship during cochlear development (1996)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 194 (1996), S. 501-514 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Inner ear ; Hair cell ; Stereociliary attachment ; Mouse ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The development of stereociliary attachment to the tectorial membrane was investigated in the mouse cochlea using transmission and scanning electron microscopy. At the 18th gestational day, only the major tectorial membrane can be identified covering the greater epithelial ridge and the inner hair cells in all turns. At the 19th gestational day, the minor tectorial membrane was first seen in the basal turn, over the outer hair cells. During early stages of development, the stereocilia of hair cells were surrounded by a loose fibrillar material underneath the tectorial membrane. After the 10th postnatal day, the outer hair cells' stereocilia were attached to Kimura's (or Hardesty's) membrane, while inner hair cells' stereociliary bundles were attached to the undersurface of the tectorial membrane near the Hensen's stripe. Between the 10th and the 14th postnatal days, the space between the inner hair cells and the first row of outer hair cells widened by virtue of the growth of the heads of pillar cells, and the inner hair cells' stereocilia were displaced towards the Hensen's stripe. After the 14th postnatal day, the inner hair cells' stereociliary bundles detached from the tectorial membrane, while the outer hair cells' stereocilia remained attached to it. The tip-link system, which connects the tips of the stereocilia to the next tallest stereocilia, is present at birth in the outer hair cells. The marginal pillar, that anchored the tectorial membrane to the underlying organ of Corti during development, first appeared on the 6th postnatal day and disappeared on the 14th–15th postnatal day. The present data together with other reports support the idea that although some structures, such as hair cells' stereocilia and innervation, are already formed early during development, the cochlear microarchitecture is not fully developed morphologically and ready to function normally until the end of the second postnatal week in the mouse.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00185996
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-term structural alterations to endothelial cells in vein-to-artery grafts: a quantitative electron microscopic study (1996)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 193 (1996), S. 169-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Endothelium ; Ultrastructure ; Vein graft ; Morphometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The intracellular structure of endothelium lining vein-to-artery grafts in rats was analysed, using transmission electron microscopy and morphometry, to determine the ultrastructural adaptations of endothelial cells in this altered vascular environment. Autogenous 4-mm sections of iliolumbar veins were inserted microsurgically into the left common iliac arteries of 16 male Wistar rats. At 3, 6, 26 and 52 weeks the cytoplasmic-vesicular, mitochondrial and rough endoplasmic reticular contents of endothelial cells lining the grafts, the opposite iliac arteries and the remaining ilio-lumbar veins were analysed morphometrically. There was a significant increase in the amount of all these cytoplasmic structures in endothelial cells at 3, 6 and 26 weeks; at 52 weeks there was also a significant increase in the volumes of mitochondria and cytoplasmic vesicles, but not in rough endoplasmic reticulum. It was concluded that the ultrastructure of endothelial cells lining these grafts is changed chronically after graft insertion, and we propose that this may be attributable to altered haemodynamic stresses within the graft.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214707
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative electromicroscope study of the oculomotor parasympathetic neurons projecting to the ciliary ganglion in cats: comparison of the synaptic (axo-somatic and axo-proximal dendritic) organization of anterior-dorsal and ventral cell groups (1996)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 193 (1996), S. 229-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Preganglionic neuron ; Oculomotor nerve ; Parasympathetic nervous system ; Synapse ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The synaptic organization of the oculomotor parasympathetic preganglionic neurons (OPNs), labeled retrogradely after a horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injection into the ciliary ganglion, was studied in cats by electron microscopy. We divided the OPNs into two groups, anterior-dorsal (ADG) and ventral (VG) cell groups, based upon physiological studies in cats suggesting that accomodation-related OPNs are predominantly located anterior and dorsal to the somatic nuclei of the oculomotor nuclear complex (i.e., the anteromedian and Edinger Westphal nuclei, and the ventral central gray area), while pupillo-constriction-related OPNs are predominantly located ventral to the somatic nuclei (i.e., the ventral tegmental area). The synaptic organization of these two groups was quantitatively compared, using a nested analysis of variance to determine statistical significance (P〈0.05). Partial reconstructions of the labeled somata and proximal dendrites were made from tracings of electron micrographs of every 2nd section in serial ultrathin sections that included the nucleolus or were adjacent to sections that included the nucleolus. The mean number of boutons of apposition on a reconstructed labeled soma of VG was significantly greater than that of ADG (mean ±SD; ADG, 5.3±3.3; VG, 8.6±3.2). The mean synaptic density on a VG soma was significantly greater than on an ADG soma (mean±SD; ADG, 3.74±2.11 counts/100 (μm2; VG, 6.30±1.99 counts/100 μm2). The mean synaptic covering ratio on a VG soma was significantly greater than on an ADG soma (mean±SD; ADG, 5.21±2.91%; VG, 10.14±3.76%). The mean estimated number of boutons of apposition on a VG soma was significantly greater than on an ADG soma (mean±SD: ADG, 53±36; VG, 100±48). Boutons were classified on the basis of the shape of their synaptic vesicles as S-type (containing spherical clear synaptic vesicles) or P-type (containing both flattened and spherical clear synaptic vesicles). The mean S-type/S+P-type bouton ratio on a VG soma was significantly greater than on an ADG soma (mean±SD; ADG, 0.31±0.20; VG, 0.67±0.18). The differences demonstrated in this study reinforce, morphologically, the assumption of functional localization of OPNs, and further allow us to estimate the relative characteristics of the synaptic organization of accommodation-related OPNs and pupillo-constriction-related OPNs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00198326
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of sympathetic axons and their structural relationship with vascular smooth muscle (1996)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 193 (1996), S. 515-531 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Sympathetic axons ; Ultrastructure ; Neuromuscular junctions ; Blood vessels
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This review focuses on the more recent findings of the structure of sympathetic postganglionic axons and the association of their varicose terminals with vascular smooth muscle. These studies have investigated the innervation of a wide range of vessels from different regions of the vasculature in the rat, guinea pig and rabbit and have predominantly used serial sections and computerised three-dimensional reconstructions of entire varicosities. They have shown, contrary to previous studies conducted in the 1960s and 1970s, that sympathetic axon varicosities commonly form structurally specialised neuromuscular junctions with vascular smooth muscle cells of most resistance arteries and some small veins. In addition, they have shown that most axon varicosities innervating small arterioles and small mesenteric veins form neuromuscular junctions, indicating that neurotransmitter is primarily released at such neuromuscular junctions. This review discusses the structure of sympathetic neuromuscular junctions, their development, structural diversity and distribution on vessels from different regions of the vasculature. These more recent structural findings and their possible significance for our understanding of mechanisms involved in neural transmission in blood vessels is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00187924
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology of the keratin filament network in palm and sole skin: evidence for site-dependent features based on stereological analysis (1996)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 288 (1996), S. 55-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Key words Palmar and plantar skin ; Ultrastructure ; Stereology ; Intermediate filaments ; Keratin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Ridged or glabrous skin of palms and soles has a specialized function and can be preferentially involved in various disorders of keratinization. To better define the morphological features of ridged skin, we carried out a qualitative and quantitative (stereological) analysis of normal epidermis from the palm and sole of four subjects. Skin from the upper arm was examined for control purposes. The study focused on the appearance and arrangement of the keratin filament network in relation to epidermal differentiation. Whereas palm and sole epidermis was essentially similar both qualitatively and quantitatively, it differed markedly from the epidermis from the arm. The volume density of keratin filaments was significantly higher ( P 〈 0.03) in all subcorneal layers of the palm and sole compared with the arm. The volume density of the keratin filaments increased markedly from the basal to the upper spinous layer of ridged skin and they formed denser aggregates in the upper spinous and granular layers, providing an extensive matrix for the deposition of keratohyalin. The presence of dense keratin aggregates appeared to be a distinct ultrastructural feature of human ridged skin. Such keratin aggregates have not been described in normal skin from other sites, but showed some resemblance to the keratin clumps seen in non-ridged skin of patients with the Dowling-Meara form of epidermolysis bullosa simplex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004030050023
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prediction of prognosis by electron microscopic analysis of myeloma cells (1996)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 73 (1996), S. 169-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Key words Multiple myeloma ; Ultrastructure ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Myeloma cells were ultrastructurally analyzed in relation to survival in 54 patients with myeloma who were treated with melphalan-prednisolone or cyclophosphamide-prednisolone. Since previous studies by electron microscope had demonstrated that the degree of nuclear-cytoplasmic asynchrony of myeloma cells was associated with poor prognosis, this study focused on three kinds of nuclear abnormalities and eight kinds of cytoplasmic abnormalities. The patients were classified into three groups according to the presence of these abnormalities. The median survival times of the first group with five or fewer of 11 different kinds of abnormalities, the second group with 6–8 abnormalities, and the third group with nine or more abnormalities were 2353, 531, and 115 days, respectively. Furthermore, this classification by ultrastructural abnormalities corresponded to those by the initial hemoglobin concentrations, platelet counts, and percentages of myeloma cells and plasmablasts in the bone marrow. These findings suggest that ultrastructural analysis of nuclear and cytoplasmic abnormalities, in addition to nuclear maturity, of myeloma cells may provide important information for predicting the prognosis in myeloma patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002770050222
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The storage lesion of platelets: ultrastructural and functional aspects (1996)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 73 (1996), S. 103-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Key words Platelet concentrates ; Storage ; Ultrastructure ; α-granules ; Open canalicular system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  When prepared and stored as concentrates, platelets undergo a lot of structural, biochemical and functional alterations that lead to an impaired function after transfusion. Besides signs of activation like disc-to-sphere transformation, extension of pseudopodes and loss of storage granules, platelets may display a swollen open canalicular system and changes in the structure of their α-granules. These partly reversible morphological alterations correspond to a deterioration of basic metabolic parameters and a decrease in the reactivity of stored platelets to weak agonists. All these changes occur to a very different degree depending on the methods of preparation and storage. With the introduction of acetate-containing additive solutions, the storage conditions could be greatly improved, and platelets from pooled buffy coats and stored in an acetate-containing medium with at least 20% autologous plasma show the best structural integrity over 8 days of storage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002770050210
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Visualization of crystal-matrix structure. In situ demineralization of mineralized turkey leg tendon and bone (1996)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 59 (1996), S. 474-479 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Apatite ; Collagen ; Demineralization ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A technique to correlate the ultrastructural distribution of mineral with its organic material in identical sections of mineralized turkey leg tendon (MTLT) and human bone was developed. Osmium or ethanol fixed tissues were processed for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The mineralized tissues were photographed at high, intermediate, and low magnifications, making note of section features such as fibril geometry, colloidal gold distribution, or section artifacts for subsequent specimen realignment after demineralization. The specimen holder was removed from the microscope, the tissue section demineralized in situ with a drop of 1 N HCl, then stained with 2% aqueous vanadyl sulfate. The specimen holder was reinserted into the microscope, realigned with the aid of the section features previously noted, and rephotographed at identical magnification used for the mineralized sections. A one to one correspondence was apparent between the mineral and its demineralized crystal “ghost” in both MTLT and bone. The fine structural periodic banding seen in unmineralized collagen was not observed in areas that were fully mineralized before demineralization, indicating that the axial arrangement of the collagen molecules is altered significantly during mineralization. Regions that had contained extrafibrillar crystallites stained more intensely than the intrafibrillar regions, indicating that the noncollagenous material surrounded the collagen fibrils. The methodology described here may have utility in determining the spatial distribution of the noncollagenous proteins in bone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00369213
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron-microscopic study of dopaminergic structures in the medial subdivision of the monkey nucleus accumbens (1996)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 111 (1996), S. 41-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; Dopamine ; Nucleus accumbens ; Ultrastructure ; Monkey
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The medial subdivision of the monkey nucleus accumbens (NAC) is rich in dopamine (DA) and peptides. In the present investigation the mode of DA transmission in the medial subdivision was studied morphologically by light- and electron-microscopic immunocytochemistry using a monoclonal antibody raised against dopamine. The medial subdivision showed extremely dense accumulation of thick DA-immunoreactive varicose fibers. Electron-microscopic observation of single sections revealed that DA afferents had a relatively high incidence (33.2%) of asymmetric junctions in this area. Approximately 50% of the targets were dendritic shafts, 44.2% dendritic spines, and 5.1% somata. Some DA axons showed terminal profiles en passant within the synaptic complex, some of which showed synaptic triads. The unique ultrastructural features of DA terminals in the medial NAC indicate the existence of specific styles of DA transmission in the limbic structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229554
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tacrolimus (FK 506) biotransformation in primary rat hepatocytes depends on extracellular matrix geometry (1996)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 353 (1996), S. 461-473 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Hepatocytes ; Sandwich culture ; Ultrastructure ; Morphology ; Sirolimus ; Tacrolimus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Established in vitro models for studies of hepatic drug biotransformation include the use of primary hepatocytes. In normal liver the space of Disse provides the possibility of bilateral attachment to extracellular matrix for each hepatocyte. This configuration is disrupted by the cell isolation procedure of normal liver tissue, which delivers suspensions of round shaped cells. In standard culture configurations this unphysiologic cell shape terminates in a morphological dedifferentiation and inability to biotransform drugs. This study analyses the relevance of extracellular matrix geometry in hepatocyte monolayer configurations for expression and activity of cytochrome P450 3A. This enzyme is involved in the biotransformation of a large number of pharmaceuticals including the immunosuppressants tacrolimus and sirolimus. Morphological analysis of primary rat hepatocytes cultured with and without overlay of collagen type I was performed by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Expression and activity of cytochrome P450 3A was studied by Western blot and the use of two model drugs specific for this enzyme. To this purpose the immunosuppressive drugs tacrolimus and sirolimus were used. Metabolites were analyzed by HPLC and HPLGMS. Two sided attachment to extracellular matrix induces profound changes of the hepatocellular morphology in vitro resulting in the reconstitution of a polyhedric cell shape. This phenomenon is paralleled by an enhanced expression of cytochrome P450 3A and corresponding metabolic activity. As shown for tacrolimus biotransformation, the model may be useful to study complex metabolic patterns. In addition this model may facilitate studies of the kinetics of hepatocellular drug biotransformation in a setting with prolonged stability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00261444
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tacrolimus (FK 506) biotransformation in primary rat hepatocytes depends on extracellular matrix geometry (1996)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 353 (1996), S. 461-473 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Key words Hepatocytes ; Sandwich culture ; Ultrastructure ; Morphology ; Sirolimus ; Tacrolimus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Established in vitro models for studies of hepatic drug biotransformation include the use of primary hepatocytes. In normal liver the space of Disse provides the possibility of bilateral attachment to extracellular matrix for each hepatocyte. This configuration is disrupted by the cell isolation procedure of normal liver tissue, which delivers suspensions of round shaped cells. In standard culture configurations this unphysiologic cell shape terminates in a morphological dedifferentiation and inability to biotransform drugs. This study analyses the relevance of extracellular matrix geometry in hepatocyte monolayer configurations for expression and activity of cytochrome P450 3A. This enzyme is involved in the biotransformation of a large number of pharmaceuticals including the immunosuppressants tacrolimus and sirolimus. Morphological analysis of primary rat hepatocytes cultured with and without overlay of collagen type I was performed by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Expression and activity of cytochrome P450 3A was studied by Western blot and the use of two model drugs specific for this enzyme. To this purpose the immunosuppressive drugs tacrolimus and sirolimus were used. Metabolites were analyzed by HPLC and HPLC/MS. Two sided attachment to extracellular matrix induces profound changes of the hepatocellular morphology in vitro resulting in the reconstitution of a polyhedric cell shape. This phenomenon is paralleled by an enhanced expression of cytochrome P450 3A and corresponding metabolic activity. As shown for tacrolimus biotransformation, the model may be useful to study complex metabolic patterns. In addition this model may facilitate studies of the kinetics of hepatocellular drug biotransformation in a setting with prolonged stability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00261444
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative analysis of ultrastructural changes during zygotic and somatic embryogenesis in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br.) (1996)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 9 (1996), S. 286-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Somatic embryogenesis ; Ultrastructure ; Pennisetum ; Poaceae ; Morphometrics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Ultrastructural changes during zygotic and somatic embryogenesis in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br.) were quantified using morphometric techniques. The total area per cell profile and the cell volume percentage of the whole cell, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi bodies, mitochondria, nuclei, lipids, plastids, starch grains and vacuoles were measured and comparisons made between three zygotic and three somatic embryo developmental stages. All measurements were taken from scutellar or scutellar-derived cells. Zygotic embryogenesis was characterized by increases in cell size, lipids, plastids, starch, Golgi bodies, mitochondria and ER. Somatic embryogenesis was characterized by two phases of cell development: (1) the dedifferentiation of scutellar cells involving a reduction in cell and vacuole size and an increase in cell activity during somatic proembryoid formation and (2) the development of somatic embryos in which most cell organelle quantities returned to values found in late coleoptile or mature predesiccation zygotic stages. In summary, although their developmental pathways differed, the scutella of somatic embryos displayed cellular variations which were within the ranges observed for later stages of zygotic embryogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02152704
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative analysis of ultrastructural changes during zygotic and somatic embryogenesis in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br.) (1996)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 9 (1996), S. 286-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Key words Somatic embryogenesis ; Ultrastructure ; Pennisetum ; Poaceae ; Morphometrics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Ultrastructural changes during zygotic and somatic embryogenesis in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br.) were quantified using morphometric techniques. The total area per cell profile and the cell volume percentage of the whole cell, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi bodies, mitochondria, nuclei, lipids, plastids, starch grains and vacuoles were measured and comparisons made between three zygotic and three somatic embryo developmental stages. All measurements were taken from scutellar or scutellar-derived cells. Zygotic embryogenesis was characterized by increases in cell size, lipids, plastids, starch, Golgi bodies, mitochondria and ER. Somatic embryogenesis was characterized by two phases of cell development: (1) the dedifferentiation of scutellar cells involving a reduction in cell and vacuole size and an increase in cell activity during somatic proembryoid formation and (2) the development of somatic embryos in which most cell organelle quantities returned to values found in late coleoptile or mature predesiccation zygotic stages. In summary, although their developmental pathways differed, the scutella of somatic embryos displayed cellular variations which were within the ranges observed for later stages of zygotic embryogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004970050045
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  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development and cellular organization ofPinus sylvesfris pollen tubes (1996)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 9 (1996), S. 93-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Cytoskeleton ; Microscopy ; Pinus sylvestris ; Pollen ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The organization ofPinus sylvestris pollen tubes during growth was studied by video microscopy of living cells and by electron microscopy after freeze-fixation and freeze-substitution (FF-FS). Pollen germinated and the tubes grew slowly for a total period of about 7 days. Some of the grains formed two tubes, while 10–50% of the tubes ramified. These features are in accordance with development in vivo. The cytoplasmic hyaline cap at the tip disappeared during the 2nd or 3rd day of culture. Aggregates of starch grains progressively migrated from the grain into the tube and later into the branches. Vacuoles first appeared at day 2 and eventually filled large parts of the tube. The tube nucleus was located at variable distances from the tip. Some of the organelles showed linear movements in a mostly circulatory pattern, but the majority of the organelles showed brownian-like movements. Rhodamine-phalloidin-stained actin filaments had a gross axial orientation and were found throughout the tube including at the tip. The ultrastructure of pollen tubes was well preserved after FF-FS, but signs of shrinkage were visible. The secretory vesicles in growing tips were not organized in a vesicle cone, and coated pits had a low density with only local accumulations, which is in accordance with slow growth. The mitochondria contained small cristae and a darkly stained matrix and were located more towards the periphery of the tube, indicating low respiratory activity and low oxygen levels. The dictyosomes carried typical trans-Golgi networks, but some contained less than the normal number of cisternae. Other elements of the cytoplasm were irregularly spaced rough endoplasmic reticulum, many multivesicular bodies, lipid droplets and two types of vacuoles. The typical organization associated with tip growth in angiosperm pollen tubes, e.g.Nicotiana tabacum, was not present inP. sylvestris pollen tubes. The different morphology may relate to the growth rate and not to the type of growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02153056
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development and cellular organization of Pinus sylvestris pollen tubes (1996)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 9 (1996), S. 93-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Key words Cytoskeleton ; Microscopy ; Pinus sylvestris ; Pollen ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The organization of Pinus sylvestris pollen tubes during growth was studied by video microscopy of living cells and by electron microscopy after freeze-fixation and freeze-substitution (FF-FS). Pollen germinated and the tubes grew slowly for a total period of about 7 days. Some of the grains formed two tubes, while 10–50% of the tubes ramified. These features are in accordance with development in vivo. The cytoplasmic hyaline cap at the tip disappeared during the 2nd or 3rd day of culture. Aggregates of starch grains progressively migrated from the grain into the tube and later into the branches. Vacuoles first appeared at day 2 and eventually filled large parts of the tube. The tube nucleus was located at variable distances from the tip. Some of the organelles showed linear movements in a mostly circulatory pattern, but the majority of the organelles showed brownian-like movements. Rhodamine-phalloidin-stained actin filaments had a gross axial orientation and were found throughout the tube including at the tip. The ultrastructure of pollen tubes was well preserved after FF-FS, but signs of shrinkage were visible. The secretory vesicles in growing tips were not organized in a vesicle cone, and coated pits had a low density with only local accumulations, which is in accordance with slow growth. The mitochondria contained small cristae and a darkly stained matrix and were located more towards the periphery of the tube, indicating low respiratory activity and low oxygen levels. The dictyosomes carried typical trans-Golgi networks, but some contained less than the normal number of cisternae. Other elements of the cytoplasm were irregularly spaced rough endoplasmic reticulum, many multivesicular bodies, lipid droplets and two types of vacuoles. The typical organization associated with tip growth in angiosperm pollen tubes, e.g. Nicotiana tabacum, was not present in P. sylvestris pollen tubes. The different morphology may relate to the growth rate and not to the type of growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004970050015
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reevaluation of synaptic relationships of cerebellar terminals in the ventral lateral nucleus of the rhesus monkey thalamus based on serial section analysis and three-dimensional reconstruction (1996)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 109 (1996), S. 219-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cerebellothalamic projection ; Neuronal circuits ; Ultrastructure ; Synapse ; Monkey
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Terminals of cerebellar afferents (CB) to different regions of the ventral lateral nucleus (VL) of the rhesus monkey thalamus were labeled with wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase following injections into the dentate nucleus. Synaptic relationships of 17 CB with projection neuron dendrites (PNd) and local circuit neuron dendrites (LCNd) were analyzed in serial ultrathin sections from dorsal and ventral VL regions, which are known to differ cytoarchitecturally and functionally. Three terminals were reconstructed using three-dimensional (3D) computer image analysis techniques to obtain volumetric and planar measurements. CB in the ventral VL were often flat and elongated with synaptic vesicles arranged in clusters. Each CB was engaged with one PNd and one to four LCNd. A single bouton formed 8–50 synaptic contacts, with those on PNd outnumbering the ones on LCNd 4.1∶1. Only some CB in the ventral VL were engaged in complex synaptic arrangements such as triads and serial synapses. Most CB in the dorsal VL displayed a roundish shape and numerous uniformly distributed synaptic vesicles. They formed 5–25 synaptic contacts with a 3∶1 ratio of contacts on PNd compared with those on LCNd. CB in the dorsal VL participated in a variety of complex synaptic arrangements. Two types of triads were found: classic with CB, PNd and LCNd, and unconventional with CB and two LCNd. CB were also involved in serial synapses with two LCNd or LCNd and another PNd, and serial sequential synapses with two LCNd and a PNd. Three glomerulus-like structures were encountered in the dorsal VL. 3D reconstruction and volumetric measurements revealed that synaptic contacts formed by CB on PNd had varying shapes and sizes (0.022–0.274 μm2). Synapses formed on LCNd were larger (0.09–0.407 μm2). The total area of all active zones of a single CB on LCNd was either equal to or about 40% smaller than that of synapses on PNd. The entire active zone area comprised 1–1.6% of the total CB surface area and did not seem to correlate with the volume. Synaptic contacts formed by associated LCNd on PNd in complex arrangements were usually small (0.021–0.044 μm2). The results suggest that: synapses formed by CB on PNd and LCNd, and synapses formed by LCNd on PNd may differ in strength; a variety of different circuits participate in the processing of cerebellar afferent information in the primate VL; and these circuits differ in functionally different VL subdivisions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00231783
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synaptic organization of damaged infraorbital nerve axons in perinatal rats: demonstration by galanin immunocytochemistry (1996)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 110 (1996), S. 47-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Trigeminal nerve ; Primary afferents ; Synapses ; Ultrastructure ; Vibrissae ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Neonatal transection of the infraorbital nerve (ION; the trigeminal, V, branch that supplies the mystacial vibrissae follicles) results in an upregulation of galanin in the central arbors of primary afferent axons. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the synaptic organization of these galanin-positive primary afferents and compare it with that of normal neurobiotin/biocytin-labeled primary afferent axons from animals of the same age. Examination of 1200 neurobiotin/biocytin-labeled profiles in V nucleus principalis (PrV) of rats killed on postnatal day (P-) 7 indicated that 23.3% (n=279) of these profiles made synaptic contacts: 87.4% were axodendritic, 8.9% were axoaxonic, 2.8% were axosomatic, and 0.7% were axospinous. Evaluation of 1200 galanin-positive profiles in PrV from rats that sustained transection of the ION on P-0 and were killed on P-7 indicated that only 64 (5.3%) of these profiles made synaptic contacts (P〈0.05 compared with the intact animals). Of the galanin-positive profiles that did make synapses in PrV, 81.2% (n=52) were axodendritic and 18.8% (n=12) were axoaxonic. These results indicate that galanin released by damaged ION primary afferents in PrV is likely to affect the activity of second-order V neurons by a paracrine action rather than by acting at specific synapses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00241373
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    Electronic Resource
    Epithelioid angiosarcoma of the thyroid (1996)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 429 (1996), S. 131-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Thyroid ; Angiosarcoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Epithelioid angiosarcomas of the thyroid usually develop in people living in Alpine regions, and only rare cases arising in subjects living in nonmountainous areas have been reported. We describe the clinicopathological features of a series of seven cases collected from non-Alpine areas. All patients were adults. The tumours appeared as haemorrhagic, unencapsulated, sometimes cystic nodules. In two cases multinodularity was present. They were composed of large, epithelioid cells, which lined vascular-like spaces or were arranged in solid sheets. Intracytoplasmic lumina containing red blood cells were identified. Neoplastic cells were diffusely positive for factor VIII-related antigen, Ulex europaeus agglutinin, CD31 and keratin peptides. Ultrastructural studies were performed in four cases and showed features of endothelial differentiation. An average follow-up of 3.8 years disclosed that four patients died of disease after a median survival time of 5 months, whereas 3 patients are still alive with no evidence or residual disease 27, 32 and 66 months after thyroidectomy. The good prognosis in these patients appears to be related mainly to the absence of extraglandular tumour spread at the time of surgery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192435
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  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of α-fluoromethylhistidine-evoked histamine depletion on ultrastructure of endocrine cells in acid-producing mucosa of stomach in mouse, rat and hamster (1996)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 286 (1996), S. 375-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Endocrine cells ; Stomach-ECL cells ; Ultrastructure ; Histamine ; α-Fluoromethylhistidine ; Secretory vesicles ; Rat (Sprague Dawley) ; Mouse (NMRI) ; Hamster (Syrian)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The oxyntic mucosa of the mammalian stomach is rich in endocrine cells, such as ECL cells, A-like cells, somatostatin cells, D1/P cells and, in some species, enterochromaffin cells. The various endocrine cell types can be distinguished on the basis of their characteristic cytoplasmic granules and vesicles. The ECL cells contain numerous large secretory vesicles and relatively few, small electron-dense granules and small clear microvesicles. We have suggested that in the rat the ECL cells contain most of the gastric histamine with the secretory vesicles as the major histamine storage site in these cells. α-Fluoromethylhistidine is an irreversible inhibitor of histidine decarboxylase, the histamine-forming enzyme. We have previously shown that this enzyme inhibitor depletes histamine from the ECL cells in the rat and reduces the number of secretory vesicles in the cytoplasm. In the present study, we have examined whether α-fluoromethylhistidine affects the ECL cells in other species and whether it affects other types of endocrine cells in the oxyntic mucosa of the rat. Mice, rats and hamsters were treated with the inhibitor (3 mg/kg per h) via minipumps subcutaneously for 24 h. This treatment lowered the oxyntic mucosal histamine concentration by 65–90% and the number and volume density of the secretory vesicles by 85–95% in the ECL cells of the three species examined. In contrast, the number and volume density of granules and microvesicles were not greatly affected. No evidence was found for an effect of α-fluoromethylhistidine on A-like cells, somatostatin cells or D1/P cells of the rat stomach, suggesting that, unlike the ECL cells, they do not contain histamine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050707
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical demonstration of nerve growth factor receptor in bovine testis (1996)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 285 (1996), S. 189-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Testis ; Nerve growth factor receptor ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Bovine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Nerve growth factor receptor (low-affinity form) was demonstrated immunohistochemically in bovine testis by using a monoclonal mouse anti-human antibody. In the 7-month-old fetus and in the early postnatal testis, the peritubular and intertubular fibroblast-like mesenchymal cells showed a strong reaction. Following differentiation of these cells into Leydig and myoid peritubular cells, the nerve growth factor receptor was no longer expressed. However, peritubular and intertubular testicular fibroblasts/fibrocytes, which are also derived from mesenchymal precursors, remained positive. Additionally, the nerve growth factor receptor was demonstrated in postnatal prespermatogonia, A-spermatogonia, I-spermatogonia and members of the spermatogonia precursor cell line; B-spermatogonia remained negative. In A-spermatogonia and I-spermatogonia, the expression of the nerve growth factor receptor was cell-cycle-dependent and was mostly observed during G1-phase. Pre-embedding ultrahistochemistry with gold-conjugated antibody followed by silver-enhancement revealed that the nerve growth factor receptor was localized at the outer cell surface. The metal granules showed a regular distribution in positive spermatogonia. In testicular fibroblasts/fibrocytes the long narrow processes were preferentially decorated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050636
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  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time course of hypertrophic and ultrastructural responses of rat stomach enterochromaffin-like cells to sustained hypergastrinemia (1996)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 284 (1996), S. 55-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells ; Gastrin ; Granules/vesicles ; Hypertrophy ; Ultrastructure ; Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Previously, we have investigated the effects of short-term (minutes to hours) and long-term (weeks to months) stimulation with gastrin on the histamine-producing enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells in the oxyntic mucosa of rat stomach. The present study examines the response of the ECL cells of freely fed rats to sustained hypergastrinemia over a time span of a few hours to four weeks. Sustained hypergastrinemia was induced by the continuous subcutaneous infusion of human Leu15-gastrin-17. The histidine decarboxylase (HDC) activity and histamine concentration in the oxyntic mucosa were monitored throughout the study. ECL cell profiles in electron micrographs were analysed planimetrically. The HDC activity displayed a 4-fold increase within the first two days. Subsequently, it remained at a plateau. The histamine concentration increased 2- to 3-fold in response to gastrin. The rise in histamine was slower than the rise in HDC activity. At no time point was there a reduced concentration of histamine. The ECL cells increased in size after 4 days of hypergastrinemia, reaching a maximum cell profile area after 2 weeks and remaining enlarged for the duration of the study. The secretory vesicles were reduced in number after 1 day, returning gradually to the pre-stimulation value thereafter; their volume density remained reduced during the 6-day observation period. Vacuoles started to appear after 1 day of hypergastrinemia and their number and volume density increased, reaching a maximum after 4 days. The number and volume density of the microvesicles increased and plateaued after 2 days of hypergastrinemia. The number of granules per cell profile was unaffected but their volume density was greatly reduced after 4 days of hypergastrinemia (reflecting the ECL cell hypertrophy). The present findings establish the time course of activation of the ECL cells in response to sustained hypergastrinemia over a time span of a few hours to four weeks; a new ”steady state” situation at a high level of activity has been established after about a week.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050566
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phagocytosis of lectin-opsonized fungal cells and endocytosis of the ligand by insect Spodoptera exigua granular hemocytes: an ultrastructural and immunocytochemical study (1996)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 285 (1996), S. 57-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Phagocytosis ; Insect hemocytes ; Lectins ; Fungal entomopathogens ; Ultrastructure ; Immunocytochemistry ; Cytoskeleton ; Spodoptera exigua (Insecta) ; Paecilomyces farinosus (Fungi-Deuteromycotina)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Phagocytosis of blastospores of the fungal entomopathogen Paecilomyces farinosus by granular hemocytes from larvae of Spodoptera exigua (beet armyworm) was studied. Blastospores were opsonized with a galactose-specific lectin purified from S. exigua hemolymph or with peanut agglutinin prior to incubation with hemocytes. Observations of thin sections revealed that pseudopodia extending from granulocytes attached to ligands (lectins, lectin conjugates) on the blastospores, and that the ligands became detached from the fungal surfaces and were endocytosed by granulocytes via coated pits on the plasma membrane. Coated vesicles bearing the endocytosed molecules appeared to be transported to the hemocytic granules. In other cases, ligand still coated the blastospores after phagocytosis and may have later concentrated within the phagosome along with digested fungal cell wall components. Phagocytosis of blastospores and clustering of a biotinylated lectin conjugate on or within the granulocytes were inhibited by drugs targeting cytoskeletal elements. Actin was concentrated in the pseudopodia of phagocytic granulocytes and may be directly associated with lectin receptor(s). Microtubules were abundant in the granulocytes, sometimes in specific regions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050620
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mineralization during matrix-vesicle-mediated mantle dentine formation in molars of albino rats: a microanalytical and ultrastructural study (1996)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 284 (1996), S. 223-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Mineralization ; Matrix vesicles ; Dentine ; Ultrastructure ; Element analysis ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the mineralization process of mantle dentine by ultrastructural and element-analytical investigation of matrix vesicles and successive stages. Upper second molars of albino rats were cryofixed and embedded in resin after freeze drying. Semithin dry sections were prepared for analyzing the calcium and phosphorus concentrations in the mineralized matrix vesicles or noduli, larger mineralized islands, and the mantle dentine. For ultrastructural studies, it was necessary to reduce section contact with hydrous fluids to a minimum in order to avoid preparation artifacts. The first mineral deposits were recognized as dot-like formations both in the interior of matrix vesicles and in association with the inner vesicle membrane. This indicated the existence of mineral nucleating sites located both at the inner membrane and at calcium-phosphate-binding macromolecules in the interior of the matrix vesicles. A significantly higher mineral content was found in mineralized matrix vesicles than in the mineralized extravesicular regions of the mineralized islands, suggesting the existence of a rapidly and densely mineralizing matrix in the matrix vesicles. A significant increase in mineral content per volume proceeding from the mineralized islands to mantle dentine suggested a further increase in the density of mineral.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050582
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological changes in the central vacuole ofBlastocystis hominis during in vitro culture (1996)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 194 (1996), S. 63-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Blastocystis hominis ; Central vacuole ; In vitro culture ; Accumulation ; Carbohydrates ; Lipids ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Morphological changes in the central vacuole during the growth in in vitro culture ofBlastocystis hominis were investigated by light and electron microscopy. Most cells in log phase and an early stationary phase showed a positive staining reaction in the central vacuole with PAS or Sudan black B stain, whereas cells in late stationary phase showed few positive reactions. Electron microscopic observations revealed that 95% ofB. hominis cells in log phase and 50% of cells in early stationary phase, had a substantial accumulation of electron-dense material in the central vacuole. In contrast, only 25% of the organisms in late stationary phase had an electron-dense central vacuole, while more than 50% of cells had an electron-lucent central vacuole. These results indicate thatB. hominis accumulated carbohydrates and lipids in the central vacuole during cell growth and that the organism probably consumed these metabolic substances during stationary growth. Therefore, it is strongly suggested that the central vacuole is an important organelle for storage of metabolic substances, such as carbohydrates and lipids, required for cell growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01273168
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    Electronic Resource
    Endoplasmic reticulum derived decorated tubules in the sieve elements ofNymphaea (1996)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 193 (1996), S. 213-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Decorated tubules ; Endoplasmic reticulum ; Nymphaea ; Sieve elements ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Bundles of decorated tubules found in the sieve elements ofNymphaea have been studied with the transmission electron microscope. Comparatively straight tubules (100 nm in diameter) arise from the endoplasmic reticulum during early stages of sieveelement development and subsequently associate into bundles of up to 100 tubules that parallel the longitudinal cell axis. From the start of their formation the tubules are structurally distinct from other ER profiles due to their dense decoration with particles. High magnifications reveal an orderly array of the particles (about 24 surround a 100 nm tubule) and suggest a modification of their membrane so that it is no longer dissolvable into a regular three-layered structure. Later during sieve-element ontogeny the decorated tubules get invaginated by smooth ER membranes, thereby squeezing out the intratubular (extracytoplasmic) space. As a result a double mantle is formed that surrounds a plasmatic cylinder. Decorated 100 nm tubules with inner membranes are present in enucleate mature sieve elements ofNymphaea alba andN. tuberosa. Considerably larger tubules (about 200 nm in diameter) were found inN. Candida andN. tetragona and occasionally also inNuphar and Barclaya, two other genera from the same family. The decoration of the tubules and their subsequent invagination by smooth membranes are discussed with respect to the controlled autolysis of sieve elements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01276647
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plastid biogenesis in embryonic pea leaf cells during early germination (1996)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 195 (1996), S. 59-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Endoplasmic reticulum ; Germination ; Lipid bodies ; Pisum sativum ; Plastid biogenesis ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of embryonic pea leaf cells was examined during the first 24 h of imbibition of dry seeds. Special attention was paid to plastids, which underwent two interesting interactions during this period. The first was a close physical association between the endoplasmic reticulum and plastids. The second was an association of numerous lipid bodies with the surface of plastids. The functional implications of these associations are considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01279186
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  • 46
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ultrastructure of hemocytes inDactylopius confusus (Cockerell), and the role of granulocytes in the synthesis of cochineal dye (1996)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 192 (1996), S. 199-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Scale insect ; Cochineal scale ; Hemocytes ; Coccid ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructural study of free circulating hemocytes in the adult cochineal scale,Dactylopius confusus (Cockerell), demonstrated five cell types: prohemocytes, typical granulocytes (T-granulocytes), oenocytoids, plasmatocytes, and granulocytes with modified sub-cellular structure to perform a special synthetic and secretory function, which we refer to as “modified granulocytes” (M-granulocytes). Prohemocytes showed undifferentiated sub-cellular structure of the basic stem cell type (i.e., high cytoplasmic density with numerous ribosomes, centrally located large nucleus with a distinct nucleolus, and poorly developed endoplasmic reticulum). The commonly observed typical granulocytes (T-granulocytes) had several smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) with dilated cisternae and many SER-derived membrane bounded granules of different sizes and electron density. Oenocytoids were identified by the presence of many crystals, RER-originated fine secretory granules, and an eccentric nucleus. Plasmatocytes were easily characterized by their variable shapes and irregular outline with pseudopodia-like cytoplasmic extensions, possession of an elongated lobed nucleus, multivesicular bodies, RER-derived membrane bounded, electron-dense, lysosomelike vacuoles, well-developed SER cisternae, and numerous pinocytic and SER-originated vesicles of different sizes along the peripheral region. M-granulocytes comprised the largest proportion of hemocytes in all samples observed. M-granulocytes were distinguished not only by the presence of membrane bounded granules of different sizes and electron density, but by the possession of large nuclei with distinct nucleoli, many mitochondria, and a highly developed network of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). M-granulocytes had abundant, rosette-shaped, RER-derived chains of fine secretory granules, which accumulated in the cytoplasm and vacuoles, and were ultimately deposited into the hemolymph by exocytosis. These fine granules gave a positive result with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) test. Based on RER-synthesized fine secretory granules (M-granulocytes), their ultimate deposition into hemolymph, the red pigmentation of hemolymph, positive PAS histochemical test of these granules, and the high population of these hemocytes, no such cell type has been described in previous studies in insects. The sub-cellular structure of the granulocyte in this insect has been modified to perform a special synthetic and secretory function (i.e., possibly the synthesis of the red pigment found in hemolymph, which has been the source of commercially important cochineal dye).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01273892
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and development of cell connections in the phloem ofMetasequoia glyptostroboides needles I. Ultrastructural aspects of modified primary plasmodesmata in Strasburger cells (1996)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 193 (1996), S. 191-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Endoplasmic reticulum ; Metasequoia ; Phloem-loading ; Plasmodesmata ; Strasburger cells ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Symplasmic contacts of Strasburger cells in the mature needle ofMetasequoia glyptostroboides were analysed with special regard to changes of plasmodesmata in fine structure and distribution. In meristematic cells simple primary plasmodesmata are evenly distributed throughout the entire wall, whereas in mature Strasburger cells plasmodesmata are aggregated in defined, dome-shaped wall thickenings. The elongated, often multiple-branched cytoplasmic strands show a distinct neck region besides a considerably dilated sleeve region confluent with cavities, which have formed at branching sites of plasmodesmata in various planes of the wall thickening. Most branches radiating from these cavities connect the protoplasts of the adjacent cells; occasionally some strands are discontinuous. The desmotubules of both, continuous and discontinuous plasmodesmal branches exhibit great variability in structure and number: they may be partially dilated, multiple-stranded and branched within single plasmodesmal branches. Fine structurally, plasmodesmata of Strasburger cells show great resemblance with developing sieve pores of conifers. This characteristic fine structure implicates a special role of the endomembrane system for phloem loading in theMetasequoia leaf.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01276645
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  • 48
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of vegetative cytoplasm during generative cell formation and pollen maturation inArabidopsis thaliana (1996)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 194 (1996), S. 81-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Arabidopsis ; Pollen ; Vegetative cytoplasm ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural changes of pollen cytoplasm during generative cell formation and pollen maturation inArabidopsis thaliana were studied. The pollen cytoplasm develops a complicated ultra-structure and changes dramatically during these stages. Lipid droplets increase after generative cell formation and their organization and distribution change with the developmental stage. Starch grains in amyloplasts increase in number and size during generative and sperm cell formation and decrease at pollen maturity. The shape and membrane system of mitochondria change only slightly. Dictyo-somes become very prominent, and numerous associated vesicles are observed during and after sperm cell formation. Endoplasmic reticulum appears extensively as stacks during sperm cell formation. Free and polyribosomes are abundant in the cytoplasm at all developmental stages although they appear denser at certain stages and in some areas. In mature pollen, all organelles are randomly distributed throughout the vegetative cytoplasm and numerous small particles appear. Organization and distribution of storage substances and appearance of these small particles during generative and sperm cell formation and pollen maturation are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01273170
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    Electronic Resource
    Changes in the structure ofArabidopsis thaliana during female development of the plant-parasitic nematodeHeterodera schachtii (1996)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 194 (1996), S. 103-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana ; Cyst nematodes ; Development ; Histology ; Syncytium ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The beet cyst nematodeHeterodera schachtii is able to establish a feeding structure (syncytium) in the vascular tissue of roots and shoots ofArabidopsis thaliana. Histological and ultrastructural studies were performed to assess plant responses during the development of juvenile females under monoxenic conditions. After destructively invading a root the nematode selects and pierces a single procambial cell with its stylet and transforms it into an initial syncytial cell (ISC) by secretory activity. The first most obvious changes in the ISC occur in the vacuolar system and at the wall. Differentiation of a central vacuole is impeded resulting in the formation of numerous small vacuoles. Multivesicular and paramural bodies are formed. An electron translucent material is deposited on the cell wall. Partial dissolution of the cell wall leads to the formation of a syncytium. At the juveniles' last pre-adult developmental stage the syncytium attains its maximum longitudinal and radial extension, occupying a major part of the central cylinder. Its features are indicative of a very high level of metabolic activity. The hypertrophied syncytium is ensheathed by a peridermal cover in which secondary xylem and phloem elements are interspersed. When females die the syncytia degenerate. The ultrastructural and histological features of syncytia described from roots are also found in syncytia induced in aerial parts of the plant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01273172
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    Electronic Resource
    Morphological variability of smooth muscle cells in human nasal swell bodies (1996)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 253 (1996), S. 147-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Nasal swell bodies ; Morphology ; Smooth muscle cell ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The complex functional behavior of nasal swell bodies is still not completely understood. In the present study the histology of the vessels involved in the swelling mechanism is examined and the ultrastructural appearances described of the different types of smooth muscle cells located in the vascular wall of swell bodies in the human inferior turbinate. Even though the majority of smooth muscle cells of the nasal swell bodies showed a normal, elongated appearance comparable to other smooth muscle cells elsewhere in the body, a variety of cells with atypical shapes could be detected that have not been described previously in vessels of the nasal mucosa. The diameters of the smooth muscle cells in general were strikingly variable. The individual smooth muscle cells were surrounded by a basal lamina that was occasionally disrupted or doubled. Myoblasts were separated by a connective tissue space containing collagen fibrils, mature elastin fibers and bundles of microfibrils. The latter two types of fibers and fibrils occurred mainly in the outer parts of the muscular coat. The endowment of cytoplasmic components was similar in all smooth muscle cells of the vascular wall in the swell bodies. These findings indicate that the specific feature of smooth musculature presumably resides in the unusual morphological variability of the single cells present, as well as in the striking heterogeneity of the arrangement of bundles of these cells in the vascular wall.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00615112
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    Electronic Resource
    Intermittent compressive load stimulates osteogenesis and improves osteocyte viability in bones cultured “in vitro” (1996)
    Springer
    Clinical rheumatology 15 (1996), S. 563-572 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-9949
    Keywords: Organ Culture ; Intermittent Compressive Force ; Osteogenesis ; Ultrastructure ; Osteocyte
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of mechanical stresses on osteogenesis, the viability of osteocytes and their metabolic activity in organ culture of bones intermittently loaded “in vitro” are reported. Metatarsal bones, isolated from 12-day-old rats, were cultured in BGJb medium (with 10% foetal calf serum, 75µg/ml of ascorbic acid, 100 U/ml of penicillin and 100µg/ml of streptomycin), in humidified air enriched by 5% CO2 and 30% O2, and loaded in our original device for 1/2 an hour at 1 Hz. homotypic isolated and unloaded bones, cultured in the same medium, were taken as controls. The ALP (alkaline phophatase activity) increases in the media of loaded bones in comparison with the control bones. The percentage of viable osteocytes is significantly greater in loaded than in control bones. TEM observations demonstrate that in both loaded and control unloaded bones, osteocytes show well developed organelle machinery and several gap junctions with adjacent cellular processes. In the cells of loaded bones, however, a higher number of cytoplasmic organelles and gap junctions were found. In particular, RER increases twice, gap junctions three times. The induced osteogenesis and the TEM observations demonstrate the suitability of this experimental model and support the recent advanced hypothesis according to which the mechanical loading may exert a trophic function on osteocytes, stimulating both the proteic synthesis in the above-mentioned cells and the cell-to-cell communication. Furthermore, the loading is likely to exert a biological stimulus on osteoblasts via signalling molecules produced by osteocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02238545
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    Electronic Resource
    The ultrastructure of spiralled collagen in liver fibrosis (1996)
    Springer
    Medical molecular morphology 29 (1996), S. 153-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1860-1499
    Keywords: Spiralled collagen ; Hepatitis ; Liver fibrosis ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An ultrastructural study was performed using oölong tea polyphenols for staining liver tissue from 5 patients with acute hepatitis, 20 patients with chronic hepatitis, and 5 patients with alcoholic liver disease. Spiralled collagen was seen in the region of the portal tract in all of the patients, but not in the periportal region, perisinusoidal region, or sinusoidal wall. The amount of spiralled collagen relative to the total amount of collagen fibrils was greater in patients with hepatitis than in those with alcoholic liver disease. The occurrence of spiralled collagen appears to be a degenerative phenomenon as indicated by observations of its three-dimensional structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02348069
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    Electronic Resource
    An ultrastructural analysis of abnormal otic development in exencephalic mutant mice (1985)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 241 (1985), S. 203-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Inner ear ; Loop-tail mouse ; Ultrastructure ; Development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Homozygous loop-tail (Lp/Lp) mice exhibit defects in the otocyst as well as extensive neural dysraphism. At 9 days of gestation, cells in the otic pit of abnormal embryos are flattened and lack the rounded luminal contours characteristic of otic cells in their normal littermates. Apical filaments also are not as prominent as in normal embryos, and there is an increase in densely stained globular material in cells at the ventral lip of the otic pit. With glutaraldehyde-tannic acid fixation, the basal lamina of the otic pit cells shows differences from that of the normal otic pit. In abnormal specimens, the lamina densa is irregular and clumped, and the adjacent less dense area is spotty and lacks the more uniformly arranged and delicate fibrils characteristic of the normal basal lamina. These defects may reflect faulty developmental interactions between the dysraphic neural tube, mesenchymal cells, and otic anlage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00454355
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  • 54
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    Electronic Resource
    Autosomal-dominant lamellar ichthyosis: Ultrastructural characteristics of a new type of congenital ichthyosis (1985)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 278 (1985), S. 1-5 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Lamellar ichthyosis ; Autosomal-dominant inheritance ; Ultrastructure ; Transforming cells ; Genetic counselling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Recently, autosomal-dominant lamellar ichthyosis (ADLI) has been shown to be a new genetic trait with clinical and histologic features similar to those of autosomal-recessive lamellar ichthyosis. In two patients affected with ADLI, the malpighian keratinocytes showed ultrastructural signs of increased cellular metabolism. The tonofilaments and keratohyaline granules were regular in structure and number. However, as a distinctive ultrastructural feature, a prominent transforming zone was found between the granular and horny layers. Moreover, a normal keratin pattern and only a limited number of lipid inclusions were observed in the stratum corneum. Thus, ADLI can be distinguished from the autosomal-recessive forms of lamellar ichthyosis, permitting a correct diagnosis when genetic counselling has to be given in sporadic cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00412487
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    Electronic Resource
    The ultrastructure of congenital nevocytic nevi. I. Nevus cells in walls of blood vessels and lymphatics (1985)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 278 (1985), S. 49-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Congenital nevocytic nevi ; Nevus cells ; Blood vessels ; Lymphatics ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary As congenital nevocytic nevi have an increased risk of malignant degeneration, nevus-cell involvement in blood vessels and lymphatics is of particular interest. The present histological and ultrastructural studies revealed nevus-cell nests in the walls of venules in 1 out of 11 patients with medium-sized nevi, and in subcutaneous veins in 3 out of 8 patients with garment nevi. In all cases, the nests histologically consisted of benign-appearing subendothelial B-type cells. Ultrastructurally, the features of these nevocytes essentially corresponded to those of nevocytes in the surrounding area. In 1 patient with a garment nevus, in whom affected vessels of the lumbar area as well as of the neck were examined, the nevus-cell nests were exclusively situated between the endothelium and its basal lamina. These nevocytes appeared to be more electron dense, but had no unequivocally atypical features. In the region of these nests, the endothelium was often discontinuous; thus, the nevus-cells were in direct contact with the lumen. Some of these cells exhibited slight degenerative changes. The lymphatics were affected in 6 of the 18 cases of garment nevi and in 2 of the 11 cases of medium-sized nevi. The morphological findings were comparable to those for blood vessels. It is concluded that, in garment nevi, morphologically benign nevocytes may be carried off hematogenously as well as lymphogenously.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00412496
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    Electronic Resource
    The antral gastrin-producing cells in duodenal ulcer patients (1985)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 406 (1985), S. 271-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Cimetidine ; Duodenal ulcer ; Gastrin producing cells ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural examination of the antral G cells has been carried out on 11 patients with chronic duodenal ulcer, before and after treatment with a histamine H-2 - receptor antagonist (cimetidine 1 g/ day) for 8 weeks. The study demonstrated an increased area of the Golgi complex, rough endoplasmic reticulum and electron-dense granules, indicating increased G cell activity during treatment. An increased number of lysosomes was a constant feature during treatment. As an hypothesis we suggest that these lysosomes may participate in the secretory mechanism of human G cells, by destroying superfluous (Gastrin) components produced during hyperactivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00704296
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    Electronic Resource
    Localisation of C-terminal gastrin immunoreactivity in gastrinoma cells (1985)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 406 (1985), S. 223-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Gastrin ; Gastrinomas ; Ultrastructure ; Immunogold technique
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Localisation of C-terminal gastrin immunoreactivity has been studied, using the immunogold staining procedure, on ultrathin sections of 6 human gastrinomas conventionally processed for electron microscopy. The specific labelling, whose density depended on the mean diameter of the gold marker, was restricted to endocrine secretory granules. However, in poorly differentiated cells from malignant tumours, a number of granules remained unreactive. The labelling pattern depended also on the functional state of each cell. The immunoreactive granules showed various morphological features. A moderate number of gold particles was demonstrated over the floccular content of the infrequent diagnostic G-type granules. Non-diagnostic round granules of varying size and electron density were prevalent in most cells; their usually strong immunostaining allowed immediate recognition of cell specificity. Dense granules which were large in size and angular in shape and present in one case, were also intensely labelled. In the same tumour, unequal labelling occurred over polymorphous, often elongated granules, of varying size. Granules of different types, including intermediate forms, could be found in the same cell, indicating a spectrum of granule maturation towards well-defined types of the fetal or adult normal tissues. The present methodology would help to identify gastrin-producing cells in prospective or retrospective electron microscopy studies of multihormonal endocrine tumours.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00737088
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    Electronic Resource
    Malignant peripheral neuroectodermal tumours of childhood and adolescence (1985)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 406 (1985), S. 351-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Neuroepithelioma ; Histology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neuron-specific enolase ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Seventeen cases of malignant peripheral neuroectodermal tumour (MPNT) were studied by means of light microscopy, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. There were nine males and eight females. The mean age of the 17 patients was 10 years with a range of seven months to 20 years. The vast majority of tumours was located in the trunk. Histologically, they closely resembled Ewing's sarcoma, although minor differences were obvious. Special findings included ganglion cells and Flexner rosettes. In 10/11 cases positive staining for neuron-specific enolase (NSE) was obtained. Five of 10 tumours were positive for protein S-100. Three contained vimentin, two neurofilaments and one vimentin, neurofilaments and GFAP. Neurosecretory granules were noted in the three cases studied. Five patients died, three are alive with disease and five patients are alive without evidence of disease. It is concluded that these tumours form a homogeneous group, although the grade of differentiation varies. The prognosis in most cases is poor. Distinction from Ewing's sarcoma is possible by staining for NSE and by electron microscopy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00704304
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural study of glycogen-rich oxyphilic adenoma of the nasopharyngeal minor salivary gland (1985)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 407 (1985), S. 151-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Glycogen-rich adenoma ; Salivary gland ; Epithelial cell ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A glycogen-rich adenoma occurring in the minor salivary gland of the nasopharynx in a 41-year-old woman was studied ultrastrucrurally. The cytoplasm of the tumour cells was abundantly filled with glycogen particles. The tumour cells possessed many mitochondria, a great number of microvillous processes and microvilli and were joined to each other by desmosomes. These findings suggest that this adenoma is of salivary duct epithelial origin most probably from storing striated ductal cells, and is a variant of monomorphic oxyphilic adenoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00737072
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    Electronic Resource
    Multicentric angiosarcoma (Kaposi's sarcoma) (1985)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 408 (1985), S. 29-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Kaposi's sarcoma ; AIDS ; Ultrastructure ; Immunohistology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Comparison of idiopathic Kaposi's sarcoma in Europe and Africa and Kaposi's sarcoma in connection with AIDS shows an identical morphological appearance in all three types. Ultrastructural and immunohistological investigations indicate that the tumour originates from the endothelial cells of proliferating capillaries and is therefore a vascular tumour. The clinical course and the sites of manifestation differ slightly in idiopathic cases and those occurring in connection with AIDS. This effect may be determined by the general condition of the patient, the state of immune deficiency and the influence of opportunistic infections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00739960
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    Electronic Resource
    Transvascular migration of L2C leukemic cells studied in the liver of the guinea pig (1985)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 406 (1985), S. 425-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Leukemia ; Liver ; Ultrastructure ; Endothelium ; Guinea pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The possible routes of transvascular migration of leukemic cells in the liver were studied in guinea pigs with an L2C lymphoblastic cell-line inoculation leukemia. Invasion of the hepatic parenchyma theoretically can occur in three ways: 1. Through the intact sinusoidal endothelium, utilizing either pre-existent gaps (normal in the liver), or newly created pores, whether interendothelial or intraendothelial. We could not convincingly demonstrate this, but could not wholly exclude this either. 2. After destruction or retraction of the endothelium, either on account of the remarkable sinusoidal engorgement and distension by masses of leukemic cells, or by direct assault on the endothelium by the leukemic cells. We can clearly demonstrate the former, and hold it to be the major cause of hepatic infiltration. Evidence for a direct endotheliolytic effect was not uncovered in our studies. 3. Secondary infiltration from the portal triads. Heavy leukemic infiltration of the triads, whether from the portal or hepatic veins, or from the lymphatics, is indeed and early an consistent feature - but the infiltration of the hepatic lobule shows no peripheral, or any other zonal preference. In both portal and hepatic veins, leukemic cells transverse the endothelium through a cytoplasmic “pore”, adjacent to cell junctions, without obvious damage to the endothelium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00710234
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    Electronic Resource
    The blood microvasculature in T-cell lymphomas (1985)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 405 (1985), S. 439-452 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: T-cell lymphoma ; Microvasculature ; Ultrastructure ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ulex europaeus lectin I
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The microvasculature of lymph nodes of 55 cases of T-cell lymphoma was studied by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. A modified peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method was used for staining paraffin sections with lectin I of Ulex europaeus (UEA-I), which is a specific marker for vascular endothelial cells. The T-cell nature of each case was proven by immunohistochemistry, including immunoperoxidase staining of frozen sections with monoclonal T-cell antibodies. The cases were subclassified according to previously established criteria, but with the addition of a separate group showing a high content of clear cells. For the purpose of the present study, the small blood vessels were separated into two main variants, viz.: high endothelial venules (HEV) and all other types of vessels with flat endothelium (SVFE). The development of each of these variants and the extent of lymphocyte migration through the vascular wall were assessed semiquantitatively. The findings suggest that the blood microvasculature, as a whole, is similar in all types of T-cell lymphoma. There were distinct differences, however, in the development of the two main categories of small vessels between the various types. Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia of T-type (T-CLL) and Sézary's syndrome were poor in SVFE and rich in HEV, and there was considerable lymphocyte traffic through the latter. In contrast, T-immunoblastic and especially T-lymphoblastic lymphomas showed numerous SVFE, only a few or no HEV and minimal lymphocyte traffic. The appearance of the microvasculature varied markedly in the various subtypes of “pleomorphic T-cell lymphoma”. In the small cell subtype HEV predominated and SVFE represented only a small or moderate fraction of the microvasculature. As the size of the neoplastic lymphoid cells increased towards the medium-sized and large cell
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00737170
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    Electronic Resource
    Inverted papilloma: Observation with scanning and transmission electron microscopy (1985)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 407 (1985), S. 25-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Human bladder tumour ; Inverted papilloma ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Three cases of inverted papilloma of the urinary bladder were studied by transmission electron microscopy. Scanning electron microscopic observation was made in one of these. The surfaces of the outermost tumour cells were covered with short stubby microvilli. Multiple bud like proliferations of the tumour cells were compatible with a trabecular type of inverted papilloma. The tumour cells of the trabeculum mimicked the intermediate and basal cells of the epithelium which covered the surface. Microcysts are believed to be formed by epithelial migration into pits, creating an epithelial inversion, and do not represent central necrosis. Ultrastructure suggests that inverted papilloma is a very well differentiated tumour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00701326
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    Electronic Resource
    The ultrastructural immunohistochemistry of oncofoetal antigens in large bowel carcinomas (1985)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 405 (1985), S. 263-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Oncofoetal ; Antigens ; Bowel ; Carcinoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Seven large bowel carcinomas were examined by light and electron microscopy for the presence of five oncofoetal antigens. Ultrastructural investigations involved a novel method whereby thick sections of gluteraldehyde-fixed material were cut on a vibratome and then labelled using slight modifications of a standard unlabelled antibody-enzyme (PAP) technique, before further processing. Ultrastructural preservation, staining properties and the retention of antigen activity was seemingly better than that achieved by other investigators. Specific, positive labelling for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), colon specific antigen (CSA) and pregnancy-specificβ-1-glycoprotein (SP1) was seen in every case. Clear positive labelling for placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) was seen in two cases. Extracellular labelling was found in areas of cell debris, free lying or in phagocytic cells and on tumour cell brush borders. The pattern of intracellular labelling, however, was different for each antigen and reflected the probable sites of synthesis and release from the cells. Thus CEA, a complex glycoprotein, was localised within the golgi apparatus, small apical cytoplasmic vesicles and mucous droplets in relatively well differentiated tumour cells. CSA, a chemically related glycoprotein, had a similar, but less dense distribution. SP1, by contrast, was localised within basally-located vesicles associated with the ribosomal endoplasmic reticulum and appeared to be released and persist as debris or taken up by phagocytic cells below the basal lamina. PLAP and HCG, both proteins, were found within simple single membrane-bound vesicles within relatively undifferentiated cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00704377
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  • 65
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    Electronic Resource
    Intraepithelial lymphocytes and macrophages in the normal breast (1985)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 407 (1985), S. 369-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Breast ; Lymphocytes ; Macrophages ; Ultrastructure ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In this study the presence of intraepithelial cells within the normal breast parenchyma was investigated by electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry. Cells were observed which could be differentiated from the epithelial and myoepithelial cells by their cytoplasmic and nuclear morphology and the absence of cell junctions. Two cell types (lymphocytes and macrophages) were identified ultrastructurally and the bone marrow origin of the cells was confirmed by immunocytochemistry. The intraepithelial lymphocytes and macrophages were present in all samples irrespective of the physiological state. In the “resting”, pregnant, and lactating breast the majority of cells were lymphocytes while in the involuting breast there was a marked increase in the proportion of macrophages. The rarity of lymphoma of the breast may be related to the relatively small amount of lymphoid tissue present and the passive nature of the environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00709984
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  • 66
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    Electronic Resource
    Herpes simplex virus lymphadenitis mimicking tumoral relapse in a patient with Hodgkin's disease in remission (1985)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 408 (1985), S. 313-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Herpes simplex lymphadenitis ; Viral particles ; Ultrastructure ; Immunolabelling ; Histopathology ; Intra cellular viral antigen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A patient treated for Hodgkin's disease and presenting 12 years later with a left inguinal lymphadenopathy mimicking a relapse is reported. Histopathological study disclosed large histiocytic granulomas in the sinuses. Some of these granulomas showed necrotic areas with numerous neutrophils. At the edge of the necrotic zones, cells of undetermined origin exhibited intra-nuclear inclusions typical of Herpes simplex virus. The diagnosis was confirmed by immunolabelling, revealing Herpes simplex viral antigens in frozen and paraffin sections, and by ultrastructural studies. The diagnostic value of the histological methodology and pathological changes and the significance of the disease, appearing in a patient treated for Hodgkin's disease are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00707994
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    Ultrastructural, immunohistochemical and biochemical studies on amylase and ACTH producing lung cancer (1985)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 408 (1985), S. 163-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Small cell carcinoma ; Amylase ; ACTH ; Ultrastructure ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Tumour tissue from a lung cancer patient who showed elevated serum amylase and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) was studied ultrastructurally, immunohistochemically and biochemically. Histologically the tumour was a small cell carcinoma. On electron microscopic examination the tumour cells contained large zymogen-like granules within the cytoplasm. Furthermore, cells which possessed many small dense core granules of the endocrine type were also observed. It was of interest that the large zymogen-like granule-containing tumour cells had microvilli at the apical border, connected by desmosomes and forming lumina showing adenocarcinomatous differentiation. Electrophoretic analysis of the serum revealed that the major elevated amylase was of the salivary type with minor components. Immunostaining clearly demonstrated that most of the tumour cells possessed immunoreactive ACTH, whereas salivary amylase was only found in occasional clusters of the tumour cells. The results seem to indicate that the tumour showed both endocrine and exocrine characteristics - an amphicrine carcinoma, expressing amylase and ACTH simultaneously.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00707979
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  • 68
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    Early ultrastructural adaptive changes of ileal enterocytes after proximal small bowel resection as determined morphometrically (1985)
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 185 (1985), S. 259-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Small bowel resection ; Ultrastructure ; Morphometry ; Intestinal adaptation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The aim of the present study was to evaluate in terms of quantitative measurements whether the well-known histomorphological and functional adaptive changes in the intestinal mucosa after small bowel resection are accompanied by alterations on the ultrastructural level. Therefore, samples of the ileal remnants after a 60% proximal resection were processed for ultrastructural evaluation and analyzed employing point counting planimetry and direct measurements. Microvillus surface area increased from the bottom of the crypts to the villus tips in both resected and sham-operated animals. This increase in microvillus surface area from the crypt to the villus was significantly less pronounced after proximal resection, while there were no changes in the crypt compartment. No significant differences of the relative areas of the nuclei, mitochondria, and the rough endoplasmic reticulum were observed when comparing the different positions along the villus crypt axis in normal and hyperplastic mucosa. In agreement with functional and enzyme histochemical results, these ultrastructural findings provide further evidence for an altered pattern of enterocyte maturation after proximal resection, which is most probably due to an increase in the migration rate of the enterocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01851950
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  • 69
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    The ultrastructure of sensory nerve endings in the human knee joint capsule (1985)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 172 (1985), S. 265-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Ultrastructure ; Human knee joint capsule ; Free nerve endings ; Ruffini corpuscles ; Pacini corpuscles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of sensory nerve endings in the human knee joint capsule was studied. Three types of nerve endings were found: free nerve endings (FNE), Ruffini corpuscles and Pacini corpuscles. In the joint capsule, FNE are located below the synovial layer and within the fibrous layer near blood vessels. These nerve terminals derive from myelinated Aδ-fibres or from unmyelinated C-fibres. Their structure is almost identical to FNE in human hairy and non-hairy skin. Ruffini corpuscles are present within the fibrous layer and the ligaments of the capsule in three variations: small Ruffini corpuscles without a capsule, small with a connective tissue capsule, and large Ruffini corpuscles with an incomplete perineural capsule. Their afferent axons are myelinated and measure 3–5 μm in diameter. Inside the corpuscle, nerve terminals are anchored in the connective tissue belonging to the fibrous layer or to the ligaments respectively. The presence of an incomplete perineural capsule depends on the structure of the surrounding connective tissue. In ligaments with collagenous fibrils oriented in a parallel fashion, the perineural capsule is well-developed and the Ruffini corpuscle resembles a Golgi tendon organ; in areas where the fibrils show no predominant orientation, Ruffini corpuscles lack a capsule. Small Pacini corpuscles are situated within the fibrous layer near the capsular insertion at the meniscus articularis or at the periost. They consist of one or several inner cores and a perineural capsule of 1–2 layers. Larger Pacini corpuscles with one or several inner cores and a perineural capsule consisting of 20–30 layers are found on the outer surface of the fibrous layer. The ultrastructure of these nerve endings is compared with the ultrastructure of articular receptors of various animals and with the ultrastructure of sensory nerve endings in the skin of several mammalian species including man.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318974
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  • 70
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    Light and ultrastructure of intra-ovarian oocyte release in infantile rats (1985)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 172 (1985), S. 331-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Ovary ; Oocyte ; Ovulation ; Follicle ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Follicular ruptures with intra-ovarian oocyte release (IOR) were studied in 17, 21 and 24-day-old rats by morphological methods. Using a light microscope, it was seen that IOR occurred at all times and the IOR frequency did not change. IOR developed in preantral follicles. Their oocytes were mostly found within the follicular compartment (incomplete IOR). Using an electron microscope, a circumscribed dissolution of the basal lamina was observed. IOR granulosa cells appeared activated. They rarely underwent typical necrosis after herniation into the extrafollicular area. Herniated granulosa cells tended either to stay intact or to shed cytoplasmic components into the extracellular space. whilst nuclei of active cell function were maintained. Tissue adjacent to an IOR seemed inactive with the exception of endothelial cells. Some endothelial cells underwent necrosis. Additionally, the endothelium was discontinous. The morphological data support the hypothesis that the mechanism of follicular rupture represents an inside to outside process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318981
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  • 71
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    Characteristic distribution of noradrenergic terminals on the anterior horn motoneurons innervating the perineal striated muscles in the rat (1985)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 171 (1985), S. 267-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Dopamine-β-hydroxylase ; Anterior column ; Ultrastructure ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH) immunohistochemistry was used to demonstrate the noradrenergic fibers and terminals in the anterior column of the rat lumbosacral spinal segments. PAP-positive varicose fibers were widely distributed in the gray matter with preferential accumulation in the nuclear regions containing motoneurons involved in the contraction of perineal striated muscles. Unmyelinated DBH fibers were composed of nodular enlargements (varicosities, 0.4–3.0 μm in diameter) and very fine, short intervals (intervaricose segments, 0.1–0.2 μm in diameter and 1.0–4.0 μm in length). DBH-positive dense products were electron microscopically often confined within small granular particles and less frequently within large granules. Additionally, in order to characterize the innervation pattern of noradrenergic fibers on dendritic bundles organized in the motoneuronal pools innervating the pelvic small muscles, semi-quantitative analysis was done in the area of the dorsolateral nucleus endowed with especially well-developed dendritic bundles. DBH terminals contacting with unreactive dendrites were more common (67.9%) than those with neuronal somata (15.1%), and the remainder (17%) had no contacts with surrounding neuronal elements. Furthermore, specialized synaptic formations were observed in only 20.1% of these nodules. The results suggest that bulbospinal descending noradrenergic neuron systems influence the functioning of pelvic muscles principally via the neuronal contacts with dendritic bundles in the spinal cord.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00347015
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  • 72
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    Large particles associated with gap junctions of pancreatic exocrine cells during embryonic and neonatal development (1985)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 171 (1985), S. 305-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Pancreas ; Development ; Ultrastructure ; Freeze-fracture ; Intercellular junction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The formation of gap junctions was studied in pancreatic exocrine cells of rats and mice during late embryonic and neonatal development by the freeze-fracture replica method. Small gap junctions were present in association with tight junctional strands near the cell apex during embryonic development. Independently of tight junctions, small gap junctions were sometimes seen more basally on day 13 to 15 of gestation. The gap junctions increased in number and were rapidly enlarged by day 18 to 20 of gestation. Large particles 12–13 nm in diameter were frequently associated with the gap junction, which consisted of 10 nm particles. The large particles were either irregularly distributed or arranged in hexagonal patterns. The number of large particles decreased with time, so that they sparsely rimmed the gap junction in postnatal animals. This suggests that large particles are precursors of typical gap junctional particles, and that they participate in rapid growth of the gap junction during late embryonic development. It may be also possible that large particles represent functionally different gap junctions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00347019
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  • 73
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    An electron microscopic study of sperm penetration into the human egg investments (1985)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 173 (1985), S. 247-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Ultrastructure ; Spermatozoa ; Zona pellucida ; Cumulus cells ; Human egg investments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of human spermatozoa located in the cumulus cells and the zona pellucida of a pronuclear egg, and in the zona pellucida of a two-cell egg, both fertilized in-vivo, has been analysed in order to understand how the human spermatozoon penetrates the investing coats of the oocyte. Among the 36 spermatozoa found in the cumulus cells, 31 were phagocytosed by cumulus cells and 5 were wedged in the matrix between the cells. These spermatozoa were acrosome-reacted and their equatorial segment was intact. Six of the seven spermatozoa found in the zona pellucida (four spermatozoa in the pronuclear egg and three in the two-cell egg) had lost the equatorial segment, while the other one was partially reacted. The sperm heads were located in slits with sharp edges. From these findings it was concluded that in the human (1) only few and normal spermatozoa seem to reach the cumulus cells after natural insemination, (2) the acrosome reaction probably occurs sometime before the spermatozoa reach the vicinity of the corona cells, (3) the reaction of the equatorial segment seems to occur during or before the initial phase of zona penetration, since the spermatozoa located in the matrix of the zona pellucida had no equatorial segment. No evidence of the presence of spermatozoa with an intact acrosome in the matrix of cumulus cells or with an intact equatorial segment in the zona pellucida were found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00316305
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  • 74
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    Retinal ultrastructure of neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis in the Dalmatian dog (1985)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 68 (1985), S. 224-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Dalmatian dogs ; Lipopigments ; Retina ; Retinopathy ; Ultrastructure ; Ceroidlipofuscinosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural studies of the retinae in two NCL-affected Dalmatian dogs revealed ubiquitous accumulation of lipopigments in numerous cell types of the retina, the fine structure of which closely resembled that seen in NCL-affected English setters. Photoreceptors and other retinal cell types were largely intact. These findings show that the retinal involvement in NCL of our Dalmatian dogs is identical to that of NCL-affected English setters. It also shows that in canine NCL a severe retinopathy, regularly encountered in human childhood NCL, does not develop. Thus, the NCL of Dalmatian dogs —and English setters — represents a reliable model to study human NCL, but for human retinopathia pigmentosa perhaps only at its earliest stage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690199
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    Ultrastructure of cerebellar capillary hemangioblastoma (1985)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 67 (1985), S. 254-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Capillary ; Cerebellum ; Endothelial cell ; Hemangioblastoma ; Morphometry ; Pericyte ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electron microscopy and computerized morphometric techniques were employed to examine pericyte ultrastructure and to assess quantitatively their relationship to endothelial cells in five cases of cerebellar capillary hemangioblastoma. A total of 97 cross-sectioned capillary profiles were studied. Pericyte coverage of capillary ranged from 30.2% to 97.3% with a mean value of 68.7%, which is higher as compared with the available data from the cerebral cortex, skeletal and cardiac muscle, and pulmonary capillaries. The higher pericyte coverage of capillary suggests that pericyte is an active component of cerebellar capillary hemangioblastoma and may have a close functional relationship to endothelial cells. Pericytes contained bundles of parallel microfilaments along the adluminal side and in the terminal processes, and exhibited an intimate “peg-and-socket” relationship with endothelial cells, suggesting a contractile function of pericytes and their possible role in regulating capillary lumina and focal blood flow. The finding of abundant micropinocytic vesicles along the abluminal side of the cytoplasmic membrane indicates an active metabolic exchange between pericytes and the interstitium. It is possible that in cerebellar hemangioblastoma pericytes may act as a mechanical and metabolic monitor barrier for endothelial cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687810
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  • 76
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    Electronic Resource
    Myoepithelial cell ultrastructure in the submandibular gland of man (1985)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 171 (1985), S. 259-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Man ; Myoepithelial cell ; Submandibular gland ; Ultrastructure ; Cytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In human submandibular glands, two types of myoepithelial cells can be distinguished in serial, ultrathin sections. The dark myoepithelial cell type was stellate in shape and exhibited a pronouneced electron density due to numerous myofilaments with focal densities. Dark cell types accounted for the greater part (76%) of the myoepithelial cells and furthermore showed adenosine triphosphatase activity. This type of myoepithelial cell is considered to be that previously observed in mammalian salivary glands. Occasionally, desmosomes could be found between the processes of adjacent dark myoepithelial cell types, which is appropriate with respect to the strong compression of acinar or intercalated duct cells. The light myoepithelial cell type was large and ellipsoid with a few short-thick processes, and was characterized by an electron lucent cytoplasm which included scant and unevenly distributed myofilaments. Light cell types showed positive adenosine triphosphatase activity and accounted for only a small part (17%) of the myoepithelial cell number. Transitional forms between these two types were also observed. The light myoepithelial cell type may mature into the dark myoepithelial cell type by means of the transitional form. In addition, clear cells were sometimes encountered between the myoepithelial cell and the acinar or intercalated duct cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00347014
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  • 77
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    Permeability studies of the guinea pig placental labyrinth (1985)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 171 (1985), S. 297-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Placenta (guinea pig) ; Permeability ; Freeze-Tracturing ; Ultrastructure ; Cell junctions ; Tracers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Permeability of the fetal endothelium within the guinea pig placental labyrinth is studied by means of horse-radish peroxidase (HRP) and ionic lanthanum as diffusion tracers. The paracellular transport of HRP is restricted by the occluding junctions of the fetal endothelium. In contrast, ionic lanthanum readily permeates most of the intercellular junctions and rapidly infiltrates the basal lamina. Freeze-fracture replicas reveal zonulae occludentes connecting the fetal endothelial cells. The network of the zonulae occludentes is variable, exhibiting highly complex areas as well as single strand interconnections. A correlation between the permeability studies and freeze-fracture findings is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00347018
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  • 78
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    Ultrastructure and hydrolase cytochemistry of the developing marmoset yolk sac (1985)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 172 (1985), S. 101-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Yolk sac ; Marmoset ; Ultrastructure ; Hydrolase cytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Yolk sacs from Callithrix jacchus were investigated light and electron microscopically as well as by qualitative light microscopic enzyme histochemistry on days 35 to 126 of gestation. The thin yolk sac wall of the early stages (day 35–41) consists of the cuboid, endodermal epithelium, the mesothelium of the exocoelom and some interposed blood vessels. The inner endodermal surface is rather smooth. At later stages, the epithelium becomes highly prismatic and forms folds which are lined by a mesenchyme and blood vessels. Microvilli and a small number of endocytotic vesicles are observed at the apices of the epithelial cells, which are interconnected by gap junctions, desmosomes and interdigitations. The cytoplasm of the epithelial cells is characterized by a well-developed rough endoplasmie reticulum, a large Golgi apparatus and glycogen deposits. Four different membrane-bordered types of inclusions can be distinguished in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells: The type I and II inclusions are considered as secretion granules. Their increase and their localization in the cavities of the endoplasmic reticulum at later stages are ascribed to an inhibition of the intracellular transport at the onset of involution. The type III and IV inclusions may represent lysosomes and related organelles. Bile capillary-like spaces exist between the epithelial cells. The basement membrane is incomplete below the epithelium and absent around the capillaries, the endothelium of which is porous in certain areas. Aminopeptidase M is highly active in the plasmalemma and the bile capillary-like structures of the epithelium, dipeptidylpeptidase IV in the mesothelium and alkaline phosphatase in the blood vessel endothelium. Other membrane hydrolases are absent. Acid proteases, glycosidases, non-specific phosphatases and non-specific esterases can be detected stage-dependently with moderate to high activities in the yolk sac epithelium. Compared with other organs, the yolk sac structure and hydrolase equipment are similar to those of the liver and may, therefore, have similar functions, e.g. synthesis and secretion of proteins. In addition, however, the yolk sac epithelium might also be involved in resorptive processes of material from the lumen followed by lysosomal digestion. The Callithrix jacchus yolk sac starts involution on day 80 of gestation by disintegration of the cells. On day 100, this process is completed. the stage of involution which is late in comparison with other primates, e.g. man and Rhesus monkey, is ascribed to the strongly delayed development of Callithrix jacchus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318949
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    Distinct argyrophilic cytoplasmic organelles revealed during mouse spermiogenesis (1985)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 172 (1985), S. 247-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Mouse ; Spermiogenesis ; Cytoplasmic organelles ; Ultrastructure ; Cytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An electron microscopic Ag-staining method was used to study the argyrophilia of specific cytoplasmic organelles that appear during mouse spermiogenesis. The microtubuli of the centrioles are surrounded by a thin layer of argyrophilic material that also surrounds the microtubuli of their derivatives, e.g., the centriolar adjunct, the axoneme, and some structures of the connecting piece. As the mantle, i.e., the junctional complex between Sertoli cell and spermatid, develops, the involved regions of its plasma membranes are covered with silver precipitates. The apical portion of the nuclear ring as well as that of the perforatorium show clear argyrophilia. Besides these structures, a number of ring-shaped and spheroidal bodies at various sites in the cell also are decorated with silver precipitates. Most of these argyrophilic structures show a positive reaction with the EDTA method, too, suggesting that they contain ribonucleoprotein and might be of nucleolar orgin. Since, furthermore, most of these structures are known to contain distinct cytoskeletal proteins, it is assumed that the staining reaction might be caused by proteins that are associted with the genuine cytoskeletal proteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319607
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  • 80
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    Sensory innervation of the Achilles tendon by group III and IV afferent fibers (1985)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 172 (1985), S. 145-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Afferent nerve fiber ; Nociceptor ; Sensory terminal ; Tendon innervation ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In sympathectomized cats the innervation of the Achilles tendon by fine afferent nerve fibers was studied with semithin and ultrathin sections. Several different types of sensory endings of group III and group IV nerve fibers were identified. Of the five different types of endings in the group III range (T III endings), two are located within vessel walls. One of them ends in the circumference of the venous vessels (T III/VV). Its lanceolate terminals have characteristic receptor areas at their edges. The second type ends in the adventitia of lymphatic vessels (T III/LV). Its receptive areas are scattered along their terminal course. Two further group III endings ramify within the connective tissue compartments of the vessel-nerve-fascicles of the peritenonium externum and internum. One type is tightly surrounded by collagen fibrils (T III/PTic); the other terminates between the collagen fiber bundles (T III/PTgc). The latter arrangement recalls the ultrastructural relation between nerve terminals and collagen tissue in Golgi tendon organs. The fifth type innervates the endoneural connective tissue of small nerve fiber bundles (T III/EN). At least some of them come into close contact with bundles of collagen fibers which penetrate the perineural sheath to terminate within the endoneurium. The endings of group IV afferents (T IV endings) show a striking topographic relationship to the blood and lymphatic vessels of all connective tissue compartments of the Achilles tendon. They form penicillate endings which may contain granulated vesicles. In any event, they can easily be discriminated from the T III endings in the vessel walls. In close neighborhood to Remak bundles, a cell has been regularly found which fulfilled all ultrastructural criteria for mast cells. But this cell is not a mast cell proper because it is surrounded by a basal lamina (pseudo mast cell).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319597
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  • 81
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    Ultrastructural localization of cholinesterase uring chondrogenesis and myogenesis in the chick limb bud (1985)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 172 (1985), S. 183-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Cholinesterase ; Limb bud ; Chick embryo ; Ultrastructure ; Chondrogenesis ; Myogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cholinesterase (ChE) is transiently expressed in undifferentiated embryonic cells. In the chick limb bud ChE-activity was found in the apical ectodermal ridge and in the subridge mesenchyme. The reaction was localized in the perinuclear cisterna, in an extensive network of narrow profiles of endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and in the Golgi complex The chondroblasts emerging from the subridge mesenenyme, also showed strong ChE-activity. During differentiation the enzyme first disappeared from the Golgi zone. Then, the narrow ChE-positive ER was successively replaced by ChE-negative extended rough ER characteristic for the differentiated chondrocyte. The myoblasts showed weak ChE-activity with the same ultrastructural localization as in other mesenchymal cells. After fusion the myotubes exhibited strong ChE-activity in the perinuclear cisterna and the developing sarcoplasmic reticulum. In later stages of myogenesis the myoblasts were closely attached to the myotubes and had lost their ChE-activity. During mitosis of ChE-positive cells, ChE-activity was retained in fragments of perinuclear cisterna and ER. In ChE-active mesenchymal cells and chondroblasts we observed specialized contact zones between ER and plasma membrane. ChE-active cisternae of ER run parallel to the plasma membrane with a gap of approximately 10–15 nm. We discuss a possible function of a cholinergic system during morphogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319601
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  • 82
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    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopy of the initial stages of placentation in the pig (1985)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 172 (1985), S. 281-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Pig ; Blastocyst ; Endometrium ; Implantation ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To elucidate the morphology of the initial stages of epitheliochorial placentation in the pig, material from 10 sows of the Danish Landrace and from one Göttinger minipig gilt from day 13 to day 26 of gestation was processed for scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The observed foetomaternal interaction from day 19 1/2 minipig placenta corresponded well to the observations on the Danish Landrace placenta. From the results and the discussion it was concluded that the following structures were implicated in the initial phases of placentation in the pig: (1) Protruding epithelial proliferations of the uterine epithelium enclosed by chorionic caps serving to immobilize the blastocyst (days 13 and 14). (2) A thick glycocalyx on the maternal and a thin one on the foetal epithelium before contact. (3) Close apposition between the apical plasma membranes from trophoblastic and uterine epithelium (day 14). (4) Development of interdigitating microvilli (days 15–16). (5) Formation of apical domes on the uterine epithelium closely related to the trophoblast provided with long cytoplasmic extensions into a luminal space between the apical domes, apparently representing a transition from histiotropic to haemotrophic nutrition (days 15–20). (6) Placentation, development of interdigitating microvilli between foetal and maternal epithelium, was extended but not terminated in the peripheral zone at day 26.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318976
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  • 83
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    Study on the micromorphology of Mycobacterium leprae (1985)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 277 (1985), S. 220-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Mycobacterium leprae ; Ultrastructure ; Fixation methods
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The micromorphology of Mycobacterium leprae is described. After fixation with osmium tetroxide supplemented with calcium ions, the cell wall was seen to be composed of three layers; the cytoplasmic membrane exhibited the architecture of an elementary membrane. The mesosomes were best visualized after fixation with glutaraldehyde; they were sometimes in contact with the nuclear equivalent. Only one sort of phosphate body was found. The nucleoid was best visualized after fixation with osmium tetroxide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00404320
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  • 84
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    Ultrastructure of cerebellar hemangioblastoma (1985)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 67 (1985), S. 6-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cerebellar hemangioblastoma ; Ultrastructure ; Stromal cells ; Cytoplasmic process ; Adjacent brain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Five cases of hemangioblastoma were studied by electron microscopy with particular attention to the stromal cells and their surrounding structures. Most of the stromal cells of the tumor had abundant clear cytoplasm containing rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, scattered fibrils, and large lipid inclusions. They were usually aggregated without intervening cells. In the perivascular areas, their sufaces facing the perivascular collagen were surrounded by basal lamina. Their apposed cell membranes had occasional adhesive devices. Occasional, long, apparently cylindrical processes of the stromal cell cytoplasm were observed in some cases. These processes contained intermediate filaments of undetermined nature and microtubules. In the border zone between the tumor and the surrounding brain, the stromal cells were occasionally surrounded by narrow sheets of dark cell processes containing fibrils and glycogen granules, consistent with astrocytic processes. Altered neuronal elements were also observed inthis area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688119
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  • 85
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural studies on the neuromuscular junctions of Becker's muscular dystrophy (1985)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 66 (1985), S. 283-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Becker's muscular dystrophy ; Neuromuscular junction ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural studies on muscle biopsies from three patients with Becker's muscular dystrophy showed that the i.m. nerves presented loss or disarrangement of the neurofilaments and an increased number of glycogen granules and/or myelin figures not infrequently in the myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers. The neuromuscular junctions showed markedly widened sole-plate areas, and several terminal axons frequently abutted and formed neuromuscular junctions on the same fiber. The secondary synaptic clefts were markedly decreased in number and short in length in type I fibers but not in type II fibers. Most terminal axons showed no degenerative changes. Therefore, the participation of a neural factor might be suggested as the cause of Becker's muscular dystrophy, although it does not mean denervation in the conventional sense of an axonal degeneration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690960
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  • 86
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gliosarcomas: Histological, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and tissue culture studies (1985)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 67 (1985), S. 201-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Gliosarcoma ; GFAP ; Factor VIII/RAg ; Ulex europaeus I agglutinin ; Ultrastructure ; Weibel-Palade bodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thirty-nine cases of gliosarcomas, two initiating as fibrosarcomas, 25 as mixed gliomas and sarcomas, and 12 as anaplastic gliomas with secondary sarcomas, were studied by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, using GFAP, factor VIII/RAg, andUlex europaeus I agglutinin (UEA I), electron microscopy and tissue culture. GFAP was found variably positive in the glial areas; F VIII/RAg and UEA I, markers of both normal and neoplastic endothelial cells and their derivatives, were found in vessels of both gliomatous and sarcomatous parts of GS, less intensive in hyperplastic glomeruloid structures and, with decreasing intensity, in adjacent fibrosarcomatous areas, while UEA I, giving stronger reaction than F VIII/RAg, was occasionally demonstrated in sarcomatous cells. In vitro studies confirmed previous data of a separate growth of glial and mesenchymal cells with a divergent migratory speed. Electron microscopy demonstrated the frequent close admixture of glial and mesenchymal tumor cells, which showed the feature of either fibrosarcoma or angiosarcoma. The frequent resemblance of the latter with endothelial cells was supported by the occasional demonstration of Weibel-Palade-like bodies in both vascular endothelial and adjacent sarcomatous cells. These observations confirm the hypothesis that at least part of the sarcomatous components in many GS originate from vascular endothelial proliferation and obviously represent the final stage of a process starting with the endothelial hyperplasia in anaplastic gliomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687802
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  • 87
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A quantitative study of blood-brain barrier permeability ultrastructure in a new rat glioma model (1985)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 67 (1985), S. 96-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Blood-brain barrier ; Morphometry ; Ultrastructure ; Experimental glioma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cerebral edema, a major complication of tumors in the brain, is the result of an alteration in the blood-brain barrier (B-BB). The vascular ultrastructural changes that underlie edema formation have been described in a variety of tumors. Interendothelial junction abnormalities, fenestrations, and large numbers of tubulo-vesicular profiles in the tumor vascular endothelium have been presumed to represent permeability routes that permit the escape of serum constituents into the tumor, from where they flow into the surrounding brain. Descriptive studies do not provide information on the relative frequency of these presumptive permeability routes. In the study reported here we have quantified ultrastructural features associated with the B-BB in the vessels of an experimental glioma in rat. We found that approximately 60% of the tumor vessel profiles have junctional abnormalities and 30% have one or more fenestrations. The density of tubulo-vesicular profiles, however, was not increased. In addition, tumor vessel walls were thicker than normal vessels of the same caliber and the mitochondrial density was in the range of that for non-barrier vessels. Vessels in peritumoral regions were not altered in any of the parameters measured.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688129
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  • 88
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blood vessel ultrastructure in the chick optic tectum developing under chronic hypoxia conditions (1985)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 67 (1985), S. 242-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Chick embryo ; Optic tectum ; Blood vessels ; Ultrastructure ; Hypoxia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The maturation process of blood vessels has been ultrastructurally investigated in the optic tectum of chick embryos kept in a condition of aerogenic hypoxia and of chickens born from fertilized eggs incubated under hypoxia but kept in the open air after hatching. By comparing the fine structure of the intratectal vessels of chick embryos exposed to hypoxia to that of embryos developed under normal conditions, the conclusion has been drawn that O2 deprivation does not prevent the temporal sequence of appearance and/or differentiation of the various vascular wall components (endothelium, endothelial basement lamina, pericytes, perivascular glia), but it produces, at least in a part of the latter, modifications, the type and degree of which apparently depend upon hypoxia duration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687808
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  • 89
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural and ultracytochemical identification of the small granules in basophils from human and animals (1985)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 51 (1985), S. 385-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Ultrastructure ; Ultracytochemistry ; Basophils ; Small granules
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The small granules in the basophils obtained from humans and animals were compared ultrastructurally and cytochemically. Cytochemically, there were no qualitative differences among the small granules in the species examined. The small granules in humans, guinea pigs and rabbits were approximately 0.16–0.22 μm, 0.15–0.17 μm, and 0.12–0.16 μm, in diameter, respectively. In all species small granules had a single unit membrane and contained some amorphous material. In immature cells many of the small granules were distributed near the Golgi apparatus, while in the mature cells many of them were found around the periphery of the cell. There were no morphological or cytochemical differences between the small granules of the immature cells and those of the mature cells. The negative reaction in the dialysed iron and high iron diamine methods showed that the small granules did not have acid mucopolysaccharides or sulfated glycoconjugates. The strong reaction of the small granules of all species to the periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate (PA-TCH-SP) test, which was especially prominent in rabbit, showed that the small granules have many periodate-reactive neutral glycoconjugates but no acidic glycoconjugates. Enzyme cytochemistry revealed that the small granules are negative for peroxidase and catalase but positive for acid phosphatase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00320724
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  • 90
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Axonal and myelin lesions inβ-mannosidosis: Ultrastructural characteristics (1985)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 65 (1985), S. 293-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: β-mannosidosis ; Axonal spheroids ; Myelin deficit ; Oligodendrocytes ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural changes in central nervous system (CNS) white matter of three goats affected withβ-mannosidosis were analyzed to further define characteristics and pathogenesis of axonal and myelin abnormalities. The variations in myelin association and contents of axonal spheroids were delineated. The occurrence of spheroids in a 96/150-day fetus documented the early development of these axonal lesions. In regions of severe myelin deficits, the presence of apparently normal axons and a reduction in the number of oligodendrocytes were confirmed. Many remaining cells in myelin-deficient regions were characterized by dark, vacuolated cytoplasm. The occurrence of internodes with myelin sheaths adjacent to internodes without myelin sheaths suggested that an axonal defect is not primarily responsible for the absence of myelin sheaths. A mild myelin deficit in the spinal cord was indicated by the presence of unmyelinated axons. Except for occasional mild cytoplasmic vacuolation, the spinal cord glial cells appeared relatively normal. The findings presented here are consistent with the hypothesis that an oligodendrocyte defect, expressed by regional differences, is a major factor in the pathogenesis of myelin deficiency inβ-mannosidosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687011
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  • 91
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural identification of somata and neural processes immunoreactive to antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat (1985)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 59 (1985), S. 151-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Lateral geniculate nucleus ; GAD ; GABA ; Inhibition ; Immunocytochemistry ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The cat dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) was examined at the light- and electron-microscopic level after immunocytochemistry for GAD (the synthesizing enzyme of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA), to identify cells and processes with GAD-like immunoreactivity. GAD-positive perikarya were distributed throughout the A and C laminae, constituting a moderate proportion of cells in the LGN. Labeled cells were characterized by small size, scant cytoplasm, relatively large nuclei with common indentations, small mitochondria, few organelles and few strands of rough endoplasmic reticulum. Unlabeled cells were of large, medium and small size. GAD-positive terminals were identified as F1 and F2 types (Guillery's nomenclature) on the basis of their synaptic relations and ultrastructure. Labeled F2 terminals were postsynaptic to retinal (RLP) boutons and presynaptic to unlabeled dendrites in synaptic glomeruli. Labeled F1 terminals made synapses on unlabeled somata and dendrites, and on labeled dendrites and F2 terminals. Presumably, most labeled F1 terminals originate from GABAergic perigeniculate axons. Retinal (RLP) and cortico-geniculate (RSD) boutons remained unlabeled in the reative zone. These terminals made synapses with labeled and unlabeled dendrites and with labeled F2 boutons. In conjunction with previous studies on GAD-positive cells in the perigeniculate nucleus, these results provide immunocytochemical and morphological evidence suggesting that the GABAergic intrinsic and extrinsic (perigeniculate) interneurons mediate the different inhibitory phenomena which occur in relay cells of the cat LGN. The ultrastructural features and synaptic relations of GABAergic cells and processes in the cat LGN are similar to those of equivalent neural elements in the LGN of rat and monkey, suggesting general principles of organization and morphology for GABAergic neurons in the thalamus of different mammals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237675
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  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A case of lipogranulomatosis Farber: some clinical and ultrastructural aspects (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 143 (1985), S. 203-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Farber disease ; Lipogranulomatosis ; Acid ceramidase deficiency ; Arthropathy ; Hoarseness ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 20-month-old girl showed typical clinical signs of Farber disease: hoarseness since birth, and periarticular subcutaneous painful nodules. Complete deficiency of acid ceramidase activity was found in cultured skin fibroblasts. An electron microscopic examination of a dermal nodule disclosed pathognomonic tubular inclusions in histiocytes. In epidermal cells zebra-body-like and needle-like lysosomal inclusions were found. Their ultrastructure is different from that of the intrahistiocytic lysosomal inclusions. Probably three clinical types of Farber disease may be distinguished according to the symptomatology and the course of the discase: a severe type, an intermediate type and a relatively mild type. The activity of acid ceramidase does not correlate with prognosis of the disease, while a correlation between first appearance of dermal nodules and clinical course appears likely.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00442139
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  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Severe polyneuropathy in tangier disease mimicking syringomyelia or leprosy (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 232 (1985), S. 283-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Tangier disease ; Polyneuropathy ; Ultrastructure ; Biopsy findings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Polyneuropathy in Tangier disease can be divided into three clinical types. The most severe form (type III) with a syringomyelia-like syndrome has been described in three cases only. Here, a fourth case of this type is presented. Because of unusual trophic disturbances even leprosy was suspected. Electrodiagnostic findings, including evoked cerebral potentials in this case, were suggestive of a generalized neuropathy with some degree of primary or secondary demyelination and implied possible impairment of central structures. Sural nerve biopsy, including electron microscopy and quantitative analysis, revealed a predominant reduction of smaller myelinated and unmyelinated fibres. The main morphological feature was the abundance of abnormal non-membrane-bound vacuoles in Schwann cells, mostly of the unmyelinated type, and in some endoneurial fibroblasts, macrophages and perineurial cells. There was no inverse relationship between lipid vacuoles and axons in Schwann cell complexes as supected by others. An excess of endoneurial collagen as well as an increased fascicular area were obvious. In five skin biopsy specimens of different regions typical vacuoles were noted in Schwann cells, histiocytes, nevus cells, and rarely in perineurial cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00313867
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  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new cell wall structure in a symbiotic and a free-living strain of the blue-green alga genus Chroococcidiopsis (Pleurocapsales) (1985)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 143 (1985), S. 117-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Cyanophyta ; Chroococcidiposis ; Lichenphycobiont ; Cell wall ; “Outer membrane” ; Ultrastructure ; Freeze fracturing/etching ; Patchwork-like leaflet
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Freeze etching studies in a symbiotic and a freeliving strain of Chroococcidiopsis revealed a specific layer in the outer cell wall not described so far from Cyanophyta. The layer showed a complex organisation: The main unit are ribbons, 2–3 nm thick, striated at right angle to the longitudinal axis. They are interwoven to a patchwork-like leaflet. The ribbons are virtually composed of globular particles associated in parallel rows. The cytoplasmic membrane and the cell walls of the symbiotic and the free-living strain were compared.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00411033
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    De quervain's disease (1985)
    Springer
    International orthopaedics 9 (1985), S. 41-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5195
    Keywords: De Quervain ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les gaines tendineuses du court extenseur et du long abducteur du pouce ont été étudiées du point de vue histologique et ultrastructural chez quatre patients atteints de maladie de de Quervain. Dans les gaines tendineuses, beaucoup plus épaisses que normalement, ont été identifiées trois couches différentes. La couche externe et la couche intermédiaire sont formées d'épais faisceaux de fibres collagènes qui contiennent peu de fibroblastes. La couche interne est formée principalement d'un tissu myxoïde et chondroïde; les fibrilles collagènes sont plus épaisses que la normale, atteignant le diamètre de 2100 nanomètres. De nombreuses cellules semblables à des «myofibroblastes» sont présentes dans toutes les couches de la gaine. Nos résultats semblent indiquer que l'augmentation d'épaisseur et de consistance de la gaine tendineuse du court extenseur et du long abducteur du pouce dans la maladie de de Quervain, est causée par l'augmentation de la synthèse de la matrice extra-cellulaire, par l'augmentation d'épaisseur des fibrilles collagènes et par des aires de métaplasie myxoïde et chondroïde.
    Notes: Summary The tendon sheaths of extensor pollicis brevis (EPB) and abductor pollicis longus (APL), obtained from four patients with de Quervain's disease were studied by light and electron microscopy. Three different layers were identified in the sheath which was much thicker than normal. Both the outer and the middle layers had thick bundles of collagen fibres with scattered fibroblasts. The inner layer was mainly formed by chondroid and myxomatous tissue. Collagen fibrils were thicker than normal, reaching 2100 nm in diameter. Numerous cells which resembled «myofibroblasts» were scattered throughout the whole thickness of the sheath. The results seem to indicate that thickening and hardening of the EPB and APL tendon sheaths in de Quervain's disease is caused by increased synthesis of the extracellular matrix, increased thickness of the collagen fibrils and areas of myxomatous and chondroid metaplasia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00267036
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of pigment in adrenocortical pigmented adenomas of Cushing's syndrome and in non-functioning pigmented nodules with respect to tissue steroid analyses (1985)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 405 (1985), S. 161-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Pigmented adenoma ; Cushing's syndrome ; Lipofuscin ; Ultrastructure ; Steroid analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural and morphometrical analysis of brown pigment in pigmented (black) and non-pigmented adrenocortical adenomas of Cushing's syndrome and non-functioning pigmented adrenocortical nodules was performed in reference to tissue concentrations and in vitro production of steroids by the adenoma tissue. Pigment in pigmented adenomas was of membrane-bound lysosomal nature, while that of pigmented nodules contained membrane-unbound droplets of lipoid character. The morphometrical study showed little difference among individual adenomas. There was no difference between pigmented and non-pigmented adenomas in the amount of production and tissue concentrations of steroids. The steroid concentrations in a pigmented nodule were lower than those in an adenoma of Cushing's syndrome, but not significantly. Discussion is focused on the difference of pigment of lysosomal nature and of lipoid peroxidation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00704369
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cardiomyopathy associated with Leigh's disease (1985)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 407 (1985), S. 97-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Cardiomyopathy ; Leigh's disease ; Mitochondriopathy ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Clinical and postmortem findings in a female infant, suffering from Leigh's disease and cardiomegaly are described. The cardiac enlargement was due to symmetrical thickening of both ventricular walls and the septum. On light microscopy a widespread fibre disarray with a slight predilection for the ventricular septum was observed. Ultrastructural changes included an extreme reduction in the number of myofibrils and an excess of mitochondria. Abnormalities of the mitochondrial structure with tubular and myelinic transformation of the cristae suggested that a mitochondriopathy is responsible for the cardiomegaly in Leigh's disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00701332
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural characterisation of the proliferative (stem?) cells within the parenchyma of the normal “resting” breast (1985)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 407 (1985), S. 379-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Normal Human Breast ; Mitosis ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In this study the proliferative (stem?) cells within the parenchyma of the normal “resting” breast were characterised by the ultrastructural examination of 60 mitotic cells. The parenchyma consists of epithelial and myoepithelial cells plus a few intraepithelial lymphocytes and macrophages. The majority of mitotic cells were randomly distributed throughout the lobules with a few present in ducts. In all cases the cells were identified as luminally positioned polarised epithelial cells. The proliferating cells had similar cytoplasmic features and were indistinguishable from adjacent interphase epithelial cells. No evidence was found for the division of subluminal epithelial or myoepithelial cells. These observations would be consistant with a single cell type giving rise to both epithelial and myoepithelial cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00709985
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bone marrow lambda-type light chain crystalline structures associated with multiple myeloma (1985)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 407 (1985), S. 449-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Multiple myeloma ; Crystalline deposits ; Ultrastructure ; Image analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A 58-year-old man showed bone marrow crystalline structures associated with a lambda light chain producing multiple myeloma. Analysis and processing of electron images clearly displayed the periodic structure of the crystals. Immunochemistry suggested that they contained the whole or a fragmented constant portion of immunoglobulin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00709991
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma cells in acute hepatitis: An ultrastructural study (1985)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 408 (1985), S. 1-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Hepatitis, viral, human ; Plasma cell ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Plasma cells and their precursors were studied by electron microscopy in liver biopsies from 41 patients with acute viral or drug-induced hepatitis. Mature plasma cells showed the ultrastructural features of the reticular or lymphatic type. Blast cells of different types were also observed. Type 1 predominated in classical acute hepatitis, and appears to transform directly into mature plasma cells. Type 2 corresponds to the centroblast of lymphoid tissue. It was found in fully developed hepatitis, especially when necrosis was severe. Type 3 resembled the centrocyte of lymphoid organs; it was seen particularly in viral hepatitis, and only in severe cases with extensive necrosis. The type 4 plasmablast had the ultrastructural characteristics of a plasmacytoid T cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00739958
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