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  • 1975-1979  (768)
  • 1930-1934
  • 1975  (768)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (723)
  • Rat
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Handling of allantoin by the rat kidney (1975)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 357 (1975), S. 201-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Allantoin ; Uricase ; Kidney ; Clearance ; Micropuncture ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Renal excretion of allantoin was measured by tracer techniques. After injection of 2-C14 urate and H3 inulin, clearances of allantoin and inulin were measured and both proximal and distal tubules were micropunctured. In confirmation of earlier results 2-C14 urate injected into an intact animal is very rapidly converted to C14 allantoin: after 15 min more than 90% of urinary tracer is present as allantoin. It was further observed that 1) allantoin clearance is essentially identical with inulin clearance over a wide range of urine flows; 2) no net transport of allantoin occurs in either proximal or distal tubules. Clearly allantoin is handled by the rat kidney like inulin. The total excretion of filtered allantoin unlike that of filtered urate provides an easy and effective mechanism for animals possessing the enzyme uricase to dispose of their purine loads.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00585975
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the synthesis and subcellular distribution of dopamine in the rat adrenal medulla (1975)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 287 (1975), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Dopamine ; Adrenomedullary Hormones ; Synthesis ; Rat ; Adrenals ; Subcellular Distribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Rats received intravenous injections of3H-tyrosine and were killed at various time intervals thereafter.3H-dopamine (DA) in the adrenals reached a maximum within 1.5 min after the administration of3H-tyrosine. From the 15th min it disappeared with an apparent half life of 90 min.3H-Adrenaline (A) +3H-noradrenaline(NA) increased much more slowly and reached a plateau 120–240 min after the injection. The approximate synthesis rate of adrenal A+NA, calculated from the specific activity curves, ranged from 9.3 to 2.2 nmoles/h per kg b.w. The highest value was noted the first few minutes, the lowest 1–2 hrs after the administration of3H-tyrosine. In some experiments subcellular fractionation of the adrenals was performed. In untreated animals the amount of DA and A+NA recovered from the supernatant fraction was about 10 and 8 per cent, respectively, of the total amount recovered from the supernatant and particulate fractions. In the adrenals of animals receiving3H-tyrosine 3.75 or 60 min beforehand these figures were significantly elevated whereas the DA and A+NA of the particulate fraction did not deviate significantly from control values. The specific activities of3H-DA were the same in the supernatant and particulate fractions within 3.75 min after the injection of3H-tyrosine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00632633
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of halothane and nitrous oxide anaesthesia on 5-HT turn-over in the rat brain (1975)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 288 (1975), S. 109-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Halothane and Nitrous Oxide Anaesthesia ; 5-HT Turn-Over ; Brain ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of anaesthesia with halothane and nitrous oxide on the turn-over of 5-HT in the rat brain were analysed. The rate of 5-HT synthesis was estimated on the basis of 5-HTP accumulation following 5-HTP decarboxylase inhibition. Inhalation anaesthetics reduced the rate of 5-HT synthesis in the whole brain, this effect being particularly marked in the forebrain. In addition, the reduction of the rate of 5-HT synthesis was still detected after a large tryptophan loading indicating that halothane and nitrous oxide anaesthesia reduced the activity of tryptophan hydroxylase in vivo. The utilization of 5-HT was also delayed during anaesthesia since the rate of 5-HT disappearance following the inhibition of its synthesis at the decarboxylation step was decreased in the whole brain. In spite of this reduced turnover of 5-HT in the brain of rats exposed to inhalation anaesthetics, the 5-HIAA levels were permanently elevated. This was the result of a partial inhibition of the active elimination of the acidic metabolite from the brain during this kind of anaesthesia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00500519
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adenylate cyclase and phosphodiesterase in the rat gastric mucosa after starvation, feeding and pentagastrin (1975)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 288 (1975), S. 147-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Adenylate Cyclase ; Phosphodiesterase ; cAMP ; Gastric Mucosa ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of starvation, feeding and pentagastrin on gastric mucosal adenylate cyclase (AC) and phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity were studied in the rat. 1. Starvation for 24 hrs and 48 hrs reduced both NaF stimulated and basal AC activities. 2. Feeding of starved rats slowly raised the AC activity up to 430% within 4 hrs after feeding. This effect was more pronounced under basal conditions than with NaF stimulation. 3. A single i.p. injection of pentagastrin (125 μg/kg) caused a stimulation of basal AC lasting 45 min, which was followed by a subsequent decrease in the basal and NaF stimulated enzyme activity. 4. PDE activity was not influenced by starvation and feeding but underwent a transient inhibition by pentagastrin. Accordingly gastric mucosal cAMP levels after starvation, feeding and pentagastrin are regulated by changes in AC and not in PDE activity. The rise in AC activity after feeding appears to be related to functions other than H+ and pepsin secretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00500522
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tierexperimentelles Modell einer Lungenfibrose bei der Ratte mittels Paraquatinjektion (1975)
    Springer
    Lung 152 (1975), S. 65-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1750
    Keywords: Lung fibrosis ; Rat ; Paraquat ; Lungenfibrose ; Ratte ; Paraquatlunge
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird die Erzeugung einer Lungenfibrose bei Spraque-Dawley-Ratten mittels mehrfacher Injektion von Paraquat intraperitoneal beschrieben. Notwendige Dosierungen, Intervalle zwischen den Injektionen sowie der zeitliche Ablauf der histologischen Veränderungen werden dargelegt.
    Notes: Summary An experimental model of lung fibrosis by multiple i.p. injections of the herbicide Paraquat is described. The schedules, intervals between injections and histological changes are described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02101575
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antagonism by d-amphetamine of learning deficits in rats induced by exposure to antipsychotic drugs during early postnatal life (1975)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 288 (1975), S. 185-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Avoidance Acquisition ; Development ; Pimozide ; d-Amphetamine ; Catecholamines ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The acquisition of a conditioned avoidance response (CAR) was investigated in rats of nursing mothers given pimozide 0.5 mg/kg on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 after delivery. Four weeks after birth, the male litter-mates were tested for CAR acquisition in a two-way avoidance situation or for correct CAR acquisition in a brightness discrimination situation. Offspring of mothers treated with pimozide were markedly inferior in the CAR acquisition in both behavioural situations as compared to those of mothers given glucose. The administration of d-amphetamine 15 min prior to the training session specifically counteracted the behavioural impairment obtained in the offspring of pimozide-treated mothers. The results obtained in the present investigation lend further support to the contention that the behavioural deficits in offspring of nursing mothers treated with neuroleptic agents are due to a developmental disturbance in central catecholamine neurones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00500526
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acrylonitrile biotransformation in rats, mice, and chinese hamsters as influenced by the route of administration and by phenobarbital, SKF 525-A, cysteine, dimercaprol, or thiosulfate (1975)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 33 (1975), S. 151-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Acrylonitrile ; Phenobarbital ; SKF 525-A ; Dimercaprol (BAL) ; Thiosulfate ; Cyanide-Thiocyanate ; Route of Administration ; Drug Biotransformation ; Rat ; Mouse ; Chinese Hamster ; Acrylonitril ; Phenobarbital ; SKF 525-A ; Dimercaprol (BAL) ; Thiosulfat ; Cyanid ; Thiocyanat ; Applikationsart ; Biotransformation ; Ratte ; Maus ; Chinesischer Hamster
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Wistar Ratten, Standard-Albinomäuse und chinesische Hamster (Weibchen) erhielten eine einmalige Dosis von Acrylonitril, 0,5 oder 0,75 mmol/kg Gewicht. Die Ausscheidung des Thiocyanats, Hauptmetaboliten des Acrylonitrils, wies bei Ratten nach einer oralen (20 %), intraperitonealen und subcutanen (2 bis 5%) und intravenösen (1 %) Applikation einen sinkenden Umwandlungsanteil auf. Auch bei Hamstern und Mäusen rief die orale Verabreichung eine höhere Umwandlung hervor als bei der intraperitonealen Zufuhr. Die Vorbehandlung von Ratten mit Phenobarbital, SKF 525-A, Cystein oder Dimercaptopropanol, hatte keinen signifikanten Einfluß auf die Ausscheidung von Thiocyanat im Harn. Hingegen erhöhte die gleichzeitige Applikation von Thiosulfat bedeutend den Anteil von Thiocyanat, und zwar bei Ratten fast zweifach, bei Mäusen mehr als dreifach. Die Studie bestätigt den ausgeprägten Einfluß der Verteilung (first pass metabolic phenomenon) auf das metabolische Schicksal von Acrylonitril. Anscheinend ist die starke Bindung von Acrylonitril und die Cyanoethylierung für den so markanten Einfluß der Applikationsart verantwortlich. Nach oraler, intraperitonealer und intravenöser Applikation von Acrylonitril wurde dieser bei Mäusen effektiver in Thiocyanat metabolisiert als bei Ratten. Die größere Umwandlung von Acrylonitril in Thiocyanat und die stärkere Senkung seiner akuten Toxicität nach Thiosulfat deuten auf eventuelle Unterschiede im Mechanismus der toxischen Wirkung von Acrylonitril bei Mäusen und Ratten hin. In der Toxicität des Acrylonitrils für Ratten spielt Cyanid anscheinend eine kleine Rolle, wohl aber für Mäuse.
    Notes: Abstract Female Wistar rats, conventional albino mice, and Chinese hamsters were given a single dose of acrylonitrile, 0.5 or 0.75 mM/kg body weight. The elimination in the urine of thiocyanate, which is the main metabolite of acrylonitrile, indicated a decreasing proportion of biotransformation after oral (over 20 %), intraperitoneal, or subcutaneous (2 to 5 %), and intravenous (1 %) administration in rats. Oral administration of acrylonitrile in hamsters and mice was also followed by higher biotransformation than intraperitoneal administration. Pretreatment of rats with phenobarbital, SKF 525 A, cysteine, or dimercaprol did not significantly influence elimination of thiocyanate in the urine after the administration of acrylonitrile, but simultaneous administration of thiosulfate significantly increased the metabolized portion of acrylonitrile given intraperitoneally in rats (almost twice) and mice (more than three times). Acrylonitrile was found to be strongly bound in blood. The study confirmed the marked effect of distribution (first-pass metabolic phenomenon) on the metabolic fate of foreign compounds. The strong acrylonitrile binding and cyanoethylation are apparently responsible for the unusually high influence of the different routes of administration on the metabolic fate of acrylonitrile. Acrylonitrile was more effectively metabolized to thiocyanate in mice than in rats after oral, intraperitoneal, and intravenous administration. A greater response of acrylonitrile to thiocyanate metabolism and a larger decrease in its acute toxicity after thiosulfate in mice than in rats indicate possible differences in the mechanism of acrylonitrile toxicity in these animals. Cyanide apparently plays a minor role in the acrylonitrile toxicity in rats, but may play quite an important one in mice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00353240
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of adrenalectomy, total body X-irradiation and dexamethasone on the amount of CRF-Granules and “classical” neurosecretory material in the rat neurohypophysis (1975)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 148 (1975), S. 267-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Corticotropin releasing factor ; Neurosecretion ; Hypophysis ; X-irradiation ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In 195 female Wistar rats the influence of adrenalectomy, total body X-irradiation and dexamethasone treatment on the amount of CRF-granules in the external zone of the median eminence and “classical” neurosecretory material (NSM) in the internal zone of the median and in the posterior lobe of the hypophysis has been studied. In the normal rat only very few CRF-granules occur. 15 days after adrenalectomy increased amounts of CRF-granules but normal amounts of “classical” NSM are found. X-irradiation leads to a slight diminishment of “classical” NSM in normal rats. In adrenalectomized animals X-irradiation causes no changes in the amount of “classical” NSM but a marked decrease in the amount of CRF-granules. Application of dexamethasone from the 15th to 18th day after adrenalectomy enhances the augmentation of CRF-granules in irradiated and non-irradiated rats but does not influence the amount of “classical” NSM. The findings show that no correlation exists between the quantitative changes of CRF-granules and “classical” NSM under the experimental conditions used. Therefore it is to be assumed that the release of the two substances is regulated by different control mechanisms and that the substances have a different functional significance. The observations do not exclude the possibility that CRF-granules and “classical” NSM are biochemically identical.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319847
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative studies of the effect of progesterone on endometrial morphology of the spayed rat (1975)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 148 (1975), S. 47-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Rat ; Endometrium ; Ultrastructure ; Progesterone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of various dosages and of various time periods of treatment with progesterone have been studied in the spayed, mature rat. Test objects were the cells of the luminal epithelium and of the endometrial stroma which were examined by qualitative and quantitative electron microscopy. No significant response was observed in epithelial or stromal cells until after 12 hrs of progesterone treatment. The nuclei of both cell types were then more circular than earlier with reduced long diameters. The functional significance of this change in configuration is unclear since only in the stromal cells was it followed by nuclear growth. Further, after 12 hrs of treatment the relative amounts of mitochondria and granular endoplasmic reticulum of stromal cells were reduced while the volume of the stromal cell cytoplasm appeared enlarged. This is taken as evidence that progesterone causes an intracellular oedema probably by decreasing cell membrane permeability. This response is probably not specific for the stroma but also includes the luminal epithelium, although the volume of the epithelial cell cytoplasm could not be determined here. Nucleolar enlargement did occur in stromal cells and was observed after 12 hrs of treatment but was not significant until after 24 hrs. At this point of time the net amount of granular endoplasmic reticulum in stromal and epithelial cells was increased indicating an increased protein synthesis in both cell types. However, only in the stromal cells was this associated with nucleolar enlargement, which supports the idea that progesterone stimulates protein synthesis through different mechanisms in the two cell types. Testing various dosages of progesterone showed that 0.5 mg had an effect similar to 5 mg of progesterone. When 0.05 mg progesterone was injected the only effect observed was an increase in the amount of apical vesicles of the luminal epithelium, showing that the epithelium is more sensitive to progesterone than the stroma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315562
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of guanethidine on paraganglionic cells in the superior cervical ganglion of the rat (1975)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 148 (1975), S. 89-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Superior cervical ganglion ; Paraganglionic cells ; Rat ; Guanethidine ; Catecholamines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Paraganglionic cells in the rat superior cervical ganglion were investigated by fluorescence and electron microscopy following treatment with guanethidine for 5–30 days. Control animals received saline and guanidine. Fluorescence cytophotometric measurements revealed a general decrease in the catecholamine content of paraganglionic cells in guanethidine-treated animals. However a few cell clusters showed focal increases. Similarly by electron microscopy there was a general decrease in the number of dense core vesicles in the majority of paraganglionic cells with a minority of cell clusters showing increases.—guanethidine—as well as guanidine—treated animals showed non-specific cytological alterations such as mitochondrial swelling and increase of cytoplasmic glycogen. However no changes of catecholamine contents and of dense core vesicles were noted in control animals. These results confirm the conception that in rat paraganglionic cells the dense core vesicles are the main storage site of catecholamines. The marked difference in the response of some cell clusters to the experimental treatment can be considered as evidence of functional heterogeneity of this cell population in the rat superior cervical ganglion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315565
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The onset of synaptogenesis in rat temporal cortex (1975)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 148 (1975), S. 73-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Rat ; Temporal cortex ; Synaptogenesis ; Retzius-Cajal cells ; Poly morphous cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The onset of synaptogenesis was studied in the temporal cortex of rat fetuses whose age ranged between 15 and 19 days of gestation. First synapses were found at a surprisingly early stage of cortical development: on day 16. These contacts showed relatively few vesicles and very inconspicuous membrane-thickenings. They were located in the marginal layer, above as well as below the narrow band formed by the newly arrived first neuroblasts of the prospective cortical plate. The postsynaptic structures were probably dendrites of the horizontally or obliquely orientated neurons scattered throughout the marginal layer (such neurons were seen even within the cell-dense band). On day 17, the cortical plate separated the differentiated cells definitely into a superficial and a deep population. As on the following days, synapses were found above and below the cortical plate but not within it. In addition to contacts showing the same features as those described on day 16, there were already synapses with numerous vesicles and clearly asymmetric membrane thickenings. On days 18 and 19 the borders of the cortical plate became more clear-cut. The well-differentiated neurons situated above and below this plate could now be identified as Retzius-Cajal cells of the prospective molecular layer and as polymorphous cells of the layer VI b respectively. The presence of axo-somatic contacts on these neurons provided direct evidence that both cell types are targets for synapses. Desmosome-like junctions were found even in the youngest fetuses studied. Their roughly symmetric membrane thickenings were clearly more conspicuous than those of earliest synapses. Desmosome-like junctions occurred very frequently between structures which subsequently were never seen to become synaptically linked. During the entire period studied, numerous coated vesicles fused with cell membranes were noted. Such “open” vesicles were seen on neurons (sometimes in the immediate vicinity of synapses) but also on non-nervous, extracortical as well as intracortical structures. Thus there does not seem to be a specific relationship between desmosome-like junctions and coated vesicles on the one hand and synapse formation on the other.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315564
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thyroxine treatment and insulin secretion in the rat (1975)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 11 (1975), S. 49-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Rat ; blood glucose ; plasma insulin ; pancreas perfusion ; insulin secretion ; thyroxine ; glucose ; tolbutamide ; pyruvate ; isoprenaline
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thyroxine treatment increases blood glucose and plasma insulin levels in the rat. The hypoglycemic effect of tolbutamide is more pronounced in treated animals. The immediate insulin secretory response of the isolated perfused pancreas to maximal, but not to submaximal, glucose stimuli was increased after thyroxine treatment, especially in the lower dose range. However, as thyroxine treatment reduces insulin release during the prolonged late phase, the total amount of insulin released from the pancreas is reduced. Both the early response to tolbutamide and the subsequent basal secretion were increased after thyroxine treatment. When the pancreas of treated rats was exposed to glucose plus pyruvate the inhibition of the late phase was reversed. Isoprenaline did not overcome the inhibitory effect of thyroxine treatment on the late phase of glucose-induced insulin release. Thyroxine induces a selective inhibition of glucose induced insulin release which is reversed by pyruvate; this indicates that thyroxine interferes with the glycolysis in the beta cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00422818
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of antiphlogistics on blood-brain barrier in lymphostatic encephalopathic and in normal rats (1975)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 5 (1975), S. 57-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Rat ; Lymphostatic encephalopathy ; Harmine ; Tremor ; Antiphlogistics ; Blood-brain barrier ; Permeability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Injection of the tremorigenic alkaloid harmine into lymphostatic encephalopathic rats leads to a longer duration of tremor and higher brain concentrations than in shamoperated controls. In lymphostatic encephalopathic as well as in normal rats different antiphlogistics shorten the tremor duration and decrease harmine concentraion in brain. The antiphlogistics do not influence the plasma concentration of harmine, its protein binding and its tremorend concentration in brain. The effect of antiphlogistics in lymphostatic encephalopathic rats is considered as a consequence of the reduced blood-brain barrier permeability. Obviously in sick animals the blood-brain barrier permeability for harmine is not increased; the prolonged harmine tremor and the increased alkaloid concentration in the brain are consequences of the impaired cerebral lymphatic drainage only.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02027160
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of the biological effects in rat of high doses of two 4-amino-7-chloroquinoline derivatives (1975)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 34 (1975), S. 309-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Glafenine ; Chloroquine ; 4-Amino-7-chloroquinoline ; Rat ; Glafenin ; Chloroquin ; 4-Amino-7-chlorchinolin ; Ratte
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei oraler Zufuhr in einer Dosierung von 150 bis 450 mg/kg 2 Tage hintereinander an etwa 100 g schweren Ratten bewirkt Glafenin eine vorübergehende Nephritis mit Steigerung von Blutharnstoff, Hypertrophie der Nebennieren und Veränderungen des Serumproteinogramms. An die 4-Amino-7-chlorochinolin-Struktur scheinen diese toxischen Wirkungen nicht gebunden zu sein, denn die ähnlichen Derivate, Chloroquin und Amodiaquin, rufen sie in äquimolekulären Dosen nicht hervor. Glycerol, ein im Organismus entstehendes Hydrolysisprodukt des Glafenins, zeigte sich auch wirkungslos. Die Toxicität ist wahrscheinlich auf das Glafenin selbst oder sein saures Abbauprodukt 4-(0-carboxyphenylammo-7-chlorochinolin, zurückzuführen.
    Notes: Abstract When given orally in elevated but nonlethal doses (150 to 450 mg/kg, on 2 consecutive days), glafenine induces in rats (body weight 100 g) a transient nephritis with an increase in blood urea, hypertrophy of adrenals, and some changes in the serum proteinogram. These effects do not appear to be due to the 4-amino-7-chloroquinoline structure from which glafenine is derived, as they are not observed with the structural analogue chloroquine given at equimolar doses under the same conditions. Further, they do not appear to be due to glycerol, the by-product of metabolic glafenine hydrolysis. The responsible molecule appears to be either glafenine itself or its acid metabolite 4-(0-carboxyphenylamino) 7-chloroquinoline.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00353850
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of chelation therapy on acute lead intoxication in rats (1975)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 34 (1975), S. 213-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Lead ; Chelating agents ; Toxicity ; Rat ; Blei ; Chelatbildner ; Toxicität ; Ratte
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die intraperitoneale Verabfolgung von Pb-Acetat führt zu einer mäßigen und vorübergehenden hypochromen Anämie, zu einer lang dauernden erhöhten Ausscheidung der δ-Aminolävulinsäure mit dem Urin, während die Ausscheidung der alkalischen Phosphatase überhaupt nicht und die von Lactatdehydrogenase nur geringfügig beeinflußtwird. Es wird gefolgert, daß weder die hamatologische Reaktion noch die angedeutete Nephrotoxicität für die letale Wirkung von Pb verantwortlich sind. Die Chelattherapie begann 3 Tage nach der letzten Pb-Dosis und erstreckte sich auf 7 Wochen, wobei die intraperitoneale Tages-dosis 25, 50 bzw. 100 μmol/kg betrug. Die Wirksamkeit in bezug auf die Erhöhung der Pb-Ausscheidung mit dem Urin nahm in der Reihenfolge ab: Ca-Diäthylentriaminpentaacetat 〉 2,3-Dimercaptopropan-1-sulfonat 〉 Zn-Diäthylentriaminpentaacetat 〉 D-Penicillamin. Das vermehrt ausgeschiedene Pb stammt im wesentlichen aus dem Skelett. Die Chelatbildner erniedrigten ebenfalls die Ausscheidung der δ-Aminolävulinsäure, erwiesen sich aber als unwirksam, die hämatologische Reaktion und die letale Wirkung von Pb günstig zu beeinflussen. Durch diese negativen Ergebnisse wird der Wert der Chelatbehandlung von Fällen akuter Pb-Vergiftung in Frage gestellt.
    Notes: Abstract The intraperitoneal administration of Pb acetate (5 × 20 mg Pb/kg per day) evokes a moderate and transient hypochromic anemia, a long-lasting enhanced urinary excretion of δ-aminolevulinic acid whereas the urinary excretion of alkaline phosphatase is not affected and that of lactic debyhrogenase only marginally. It is concluded that neither the hematologic response nor the slight nephrotoxicity are responsible for the lethal action of Pb. Chelate treatment started 3 days after the last Pb dose and was continued over 7 weeks. The daily intraperitoneal dose was 25, 50, and 100 μmol/kg, respectively. The efficacy in promoting the urinary excretion of Pb decreased in the following order: Ca diethylenetriaminepentaacetate 〉 2,3-dimercaptopropane-1-sulfonate 〉 Zn diethylenetriaminepentaacetate 〉 D-penicillamine. This effect was mainly due to the mobilization of skeletal Pb. The chelating agents also lowered the excretion of δ-aminolevulinic acid but failed to exert a beneficial influence on the anemia and the lethal action of Pb. These negative results raise questions about the usefulness of chelation therapy in cases of acute Pb poisoning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00353284
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Types of neuronal responses in the rat thalamus to peripheral temperature changes (1975)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 23 (1975), S. 157-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Ventrobasal thalamus complex ; Thermosensitivity ; Burstactivity ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Recordings were made of spike-trains from 163 neurons of the rostral part of the ventrobasal thalamus complex of the rat while the temperature of the scrotal skin was altered. The following results were obtained: 55 neurons were nonthermosensitive, 7 neurons cold-sensitive and 101 neurons warm-sensitive. In the case of the warm-sensitive cells a definite discrimination was possible: 61.4% of the neurons altered their firing behavior during peripheral cooling, changing from relatively even spike frequency to burst firing. This change could be induced repeatedly by altering the temperature. 38.6% of the neurons, on the other hand, reacted to cooling by slowing down their frequency. By way of statistical methods the firing patterns of the two response-types were analyzed more precisely and the differences in response to temperature stimuli more exactly defined. Likewise, the spatial distribution of the two response-types of warm-sensitive cells exhibited differences; whereas the cells devoid of burst activity occured rather uniformly in the region of the thalamus studied, the cells with bursting activity were confined more to the mediocaudal region. These findings are discussed with regard to the phenomenon of peripheral bursts and to the projection of thermoafferent pathways onto the ventrobasal thalamus complex. The functional interpretation of the various cell reactions and their role in the central processing of thermoafferent signals still remains unexplained and requires comparative studies of peripheral and central parts of the thermoafferent system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235458
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies with N,N-dimethylformamide for embryotoxic and teratogenic effects on rats after dynamic inhalation (1975)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 34 (1975), S. 167-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: N,N-Dimethylformamide ; Embryotoxicity ; Rat ; Inhalation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The purpose of this study, which was conducted for industrial toxicological reasons, was to investigate the possible embryotoxic and teratogenic effects after inhalation of dimethylformamide in rats. In a dynamic inhalation apparatus groups of 22–23 rats were subjected to approx. 18 ppm (maximum allowable concentration in the working area, MAC=20 ppm) and 172 ppm in the air for 6 hrs/day on 10 consecutive days, i.e. from the 6th to 15th day of gestation. The dimethylformamide inhalation did not cause any visible impairment to female rats as regards general behaviour, appearance or weight development during the treatment or the entire gestation period. The gestation rate was unchanged. The development of the fetuses was not influenced in any way by the exposure of the pregnant animals to approx. 18 ppm. In contrast the fetuses taken by caesarean section from the dams exposed to 172 ppm weighed significantly less than the fetuses of the control animals. Skeletal development of these fetuses, however, was normal. All other reproduction parameters were within the normal range for this strain. The study showed that the inhalation of dimethylformamide in concentration up to approx. 10 times the MAC had no teratogenic effect on rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01371738
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An ultrastructural study of normal and injured hypoglossal nuclei after injection of horseradish peroxidase (1975)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 23 (1975), S. 463-470 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Rat ; Hypoglossal nucleus ; Axotomy ; Horseradish peroxidase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The left hypoglossal nuclei of normal rats, and rats which had received left hypoglossal nerve axotomies 7–21 days previously, were studied by electron microscopy after injection of horseradish peroxidase as a marker of extracellular space and pinocytosis. Quantitative analysis showed that the number of pinocytotically-derived structures in presynaptic boutons was significantly increased in rats at 7, 14, and 21 days after axotomy when compared with normal rats. It was suggested that presynaptic boutons which became detached from injured neurones retracted by a membrane cycling mechanism involving pinocytotic uptake of bouton plasmalemma, without compensatory membrane production elsewhere. It was confirmed that the channels in the microglial cells communicated with the extracellular space.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234915
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diabetogenic effect and inhibition of insulin secretion induced in normal rats by ammonium infusions (1975)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 11 (1975), S. 439-443 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Rat ; ammonium infusion ; blood ammonia ; glucose metabolism ; plasma immunoreactive insulin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to explain the abnormalities of glucose metabolism previously observed in patients with blood ammonia elevation, the effect of a transitory hyperammonemia on I. V. glucose tolerance was investigated in rats. An I. V. glucose tolerance test was performed in 3 groups of 15 rats 60 min after the beginning of a 95 min infusion of either a 2 ml isotonic NaCl solution (control group) or ammonium acetate solutions at low (0.50 μmol/kg/min. NH4+) or high doses (1.70 μmol/kg/min NH4+). The “high” NH4+infusion produced an increase of blood ammonia to levels near 1000 μg/100 ml, a significant decrease in the K coefficient for glucose disappearance (2.53 × 10−2±0.20 compared to 4.92 × 10−2±0.13 in control group) and a suppression of the radioimmunological plasma insulin (I.R.I.) response to glucose. With the “low” NH4 + infusion the hyperammonemia was less pronounced (200–300 μg/100 ml), but the decrease in K(3.02 × 10−2±0.15) and in the first phase of I.R.I, release remained significant. The decrease in glucose disappearance rate could be accounted for by the proportional decrease in insulin secretion. Thus glucose intolerance induced by ammonium acetate infusions may be due to a direct effect of NH4 + on the pancreas. These abnormalities in glucose metabolism depend on the quantity of infused ammonium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00429913
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential morphological reaction of experimental CNS tumour clonesin vitro to dibutyryl cyclic AMP or serum-free medium, resp. (1975)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 33 (1975), S. 325-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Experimental CNS tumours ; Methylnitrosourea ; Ethylnitrosourea ; Clonal growth ; Serum-free culture ; db cAMP treatment ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Six clones from methylnitrosourea (MNU) or ethylnitrosourea (ENU) induced tumours obtained in the nervous system of the rat were cultured in serum-free medium or treated with dibutyryl cyclic AMP (db cAMP) in vitro. All clones originated from longterm cultures. Three clones forming sarcomas after syngeneic transplantation showed only very slight changes following treatment, whereas the three glioma clones showed striking alterations. They formed long processes or showed rounding of their perikarya. In serum-free medium the cellular shape is intermediate between that seen in normal conditions and that seen in db cAMP treated cultures. The altered cultures resemble the primary cultures of the respective tumours. The relationship of these alterations to tumour types are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00686164
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pancreatic enzyme secretion in the conscious rat (1975)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 353 (1975), S. 171-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Enzyme Secretion ; Hormonal Stimulation ; Narcosis ; Pancreas ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. A method for collecting duodenal juice and gastric content separately, in conscious rats, is described. Metal cannulas were implanted into the stomach fundus. For the main experiment a double lumen tube was inserted through the cannula via the pylorus into the duodenum. 2. The following secretion patterns were observed: a) In the resting state there was a constant flow rate of duodenal volume, bicarbonate, trypsin and amylase. b) Cholinergic stimuli were capable of increasing enzyme secretion as much as fourfold for a period of 30 to 40 min when administered as a single subcutaneous injection. This effect was annulled by atropine. c) Secretin and cholecystokinin-pancreozymin given together in a single injection s. c. or i. v., elicited a similarly strong response. d) Identical ranges of the secretion maxima were found with a tendency to decrease after the first hour, when the hormones were infused either s. c. or i. v. e) Doses from 0.5 to 25 U/100 g b. w./hr showed identical responses. Doses below 0.2 U/100 g/hr were without effect. 3. Narcosis (pentobarbital) inhibited markedly the resting and stimulated enzyme secretion. 4. The method is suitable for examination of physiological and pharmacological effects on resting and stimulated enzyme secretion of the rat pancreas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00599877
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of p-chlorophenylalanine on the acquisition of tolerance to ethanol and pentobarbital (1975)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 44 (1975), S. 247-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: p-CPA ; Ethanol ; Pentobarbital ; Tolerance ; Brain 5-HT ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Rats were rendered tolerant to ethanol or pentobarbital by daily oral administration. Motor impairments after test doses of ethanol or pentobarbital were measured prior to and at various times during chronic treatment in order to assess the degree of tolerance development. Chronic administration of p-chlorophenylalanine (p-CPA) in a dosage regimen which produced and maintained approximately 95% depletion of brain serotonin (5-HT) did not alter motor impairment after initial acute administration of ethanol or pentobarbital. However, the rate of tolerance development to the motor-impairing effects of both drugs was slowed down in p-CPA-treated rats. p-CPA did not appear to exert this effect by altering the disposition of ethanol or pentobarbital, since blood levels determined 20 min after administration of the test doses were similar in animals treated with p-CPA and in controls. These findings suggest that brain 5-HT may have a role in tolerance development to ethanol and pentobarbital.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428901
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relation between cerebral serotonin levels and conditioned behaviour in the rat following the administration of LSD-25 and UML (1975)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 41 (1975), S. 245-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: LSD-25 ; UML ; Acute ; Chronic ; Behaviour ; 5-HT ; Brain ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Successive daily injections of LSD-25 and UML (1-methyl-d-lysergic acid butanolamide) caused progressive depression of brain 5-HT levels in the rat. On the fourth day, the decrease was significant with respect to the highly significant fall observed after a single administration, whereas it had been shown earlier that conditioned behaviour is no longer affected by LSD-25 after 3 days and that simultaneous administration of a single dose of LSD-25 and UML is equally ineffective in this respect. Its depression of 5-HT levels, however, has now been shown to be equal to that of LSD-25 alone at doses that influence conditioned behaviour. The findings indicate that changes in such behaviour are not dependent on brain 5-HT levels and that no link exists between such levels and the psychotomimetic effect of LSD-25 in man.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428931
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hapten-immunological studies on mescaline (1975)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 41 (1975), S. 301-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Mescaline ; Anti-Drug Antibody ; Hapten ; Immunopharmacology ; Rabbit ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Antibodies with mescaline binding specificity were raised in rabbits by immunization with conjugates of bovine serum albumin with mescaline or its analogue 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenylacetic acid. Immunized rats were given mescaline and their behavior was compared to that of non-immunized controls.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428941
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of nicotine on two-way avoidance conditioning in bi-directionally selected strains of rats (1975)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 42 (1975), S. 147-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Nicotine ; Selection ; Avoidance Conditioning ; Rat ; Latency ; Freezing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Rats of both sexes from the genetically selected Roman High Avoidance (RHA), the Roman Low Avoidance (RLA) and the Roman Control (RCA) strains were given one 30-min session of two-way escape-avoidance conditioning (30 trials) in a shuttle box with a buzzer as the conditioned stimulus and shock as the unconditioned stimulus in a factorial design involving three time intervals (0,15 and 30 min) following one subcutaneous injection of saline or of nicotine in five doses (0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, or 0.8 mg/kg of body weight). Six measures relating to performance were analysed in whole or part. While the number of avoidance responses showed the expected strain differences, no effect of dose or delay interval could be detected. Avoidance and escape latencies and intertriai activity showed some effects of these variables, especially in interaction with sex and strain. Dose determined pre-sessional activity, but its effect was strain dependent. The failure to confirm previous findings is discussed in the context of other instances in the literature, and the results of an operant experiment confirming the continuing sensitivity of the Roman strains to the effects of nicotine are reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00429545
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on social behaviour in the laboratory mouse and rat (1975)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 44 (1975), S. 287-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol ; Social behaviour ; Mouse ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The behavioural effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in mice and rats have been studied by an ethological analysis of encounters between animals injected with the drug and partners injected with the solvent (Tween-saline). In both species, Immobility was increased and Non-Social Activity reduced after injections of 5 mg/kg of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol. Flight was increased in treated mice but not in treated rats. Aggression was not significantly altered in either species. Thus, in the mouse, the qualitative behavioural effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol were similar to those previously reported for crude cannabis resin. Comparison of the dose-response data indicated that some other constituents of cannabis may reduce the Flight reaction from delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol although not interfering with Immobility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428908
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of heroin on lever pressing for intracranial self-stimulation, food and water in the rat (1975)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 42 (1975), S. 231-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Heroin ; Self-Stimulation ; Water Intake ; Food Intake ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Male rats maintained with continuous access to levers for intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS), water, and food were subjected to five consecutive daily injections of heroin (5 mg/kg). Rates of lever pressing for ICSS were increased in 8 rats, 2–6 hrs after administration of heroin. Rates of lever pressing for water and food were not significantly changed during this period. Naloxone (5 mg/kg) pretreatment attenuated by 82% the facilitative effect of heroin on ICSS. A second group of 8 rats maintained at reduced ICSS rates failed to show an increase in lever pressing for ICSS with heroin. The facilitative effect of heroin described in this study is consistent with previously reported studies describing the effects of morphine on ICSS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00421261
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methadone dependence in the rat (1975)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 42 (1975), S. 255-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Methadone ; Mode of Withdrawal ; Body Weight ; Relapse ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Physical dependence on methadone was induced in rats by an initial “forced drinking” procedure and subsequently by i.p. administration of the drug. In a subsequent Experimental Phase of the study the physical dependence of one group was sustained by a “methadone maintenance” treatment, while two other groups were withdrawn from the drug, one gradually and one abruptly. When relapse trials were carried out during a Readdiction Phase it was found that the maintained group voluntarily consumed significantly greater amounts of methadone than did the two withdrawal groups. These groups did not differ between themselves but did in turn ingest significantly more methadone than a control group with no prior exposure to the drug. The characteristic loss of body weight reliably found during withdrawal from morphine was not demonstrated. This may have been due to the unexpected weight loss which occurred during the last stage of the initial Addiction Phase. The dependent variables of amount of methadone solution and the percentage of fluid consumed as methadone solution correlated highly. However the amount of methadone solution ingested was a better indicator of addiction liability as it was not influenced by fluctuations in the amount of water consumed by the animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00421265
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regeneration in grafts of normal and denervated rat muscles (1975)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 353 (1975), S. 215-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Muscle Regeneration ; Muscle Transplantation ; Contractile Properties of Muscle Transplants ; Denervation of Muscle ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The soleus or extensor digitorum longus muscles of young rats were freely grafted into the bed of the corresponding contralateral muscle. The grafts were of normal muscle or muscles which had been denervated for 14 days. Grafts of normal muscle were characterized by little or no contractile activity for the first 2–4 days after transplantation. In contrast, denervated grafts contracted weakly, but consistently, throughout this early period. The patterns of contraction were complex. In early transplants, the contractions were due entirely to surviving muscle fibers in the graft, and the contractile characteristics were those of denervated muscle fibers. After the first week, contractions of newly regenerating muscle fibers within the grafts were superimposed upon and later took over those from the fibers that survived the original transplantation. The contraction time approached those of the normal soleus or extensor muscles during the second month after grafting, and the grafts contracted like fast or slow muscles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00584285
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coronary blood flow in rats native to simulated high altitude and in rats exposed to it later in life (1975)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 355 (1975), S. 49-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: High Altitude ; Coronary Blood Flow ; Cardiac Output ; Cardiac Hypertrophy ; Rat ; TissueP O 2
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In rats exposed to a simulated high altitude of 3500 m for their whole prenatal and postnatal life a severe cardiac hypertrophy develops. In rats born and first staying 5 weeks at sea level and then being exposed to simulated high altitude, only a unilateral right cardiac hypertrophy occurs. In both groups nutritional coronary blood flow was estimated in left ventricle, right ventricle, and septum and was compared with control animals of similar age. Coronary blood flow was measured at hypoxia in all groups. At first cardiac output was determined by the Fick principle, then86Rb was applied and the animals were killed after 55 sec. Activity of86Rb was measured in both cardiac ventricles and septum and the fractional uptake was calculated. According to Sapirstein (1956, 1958) the distribution of86Rb follows the distribution of cardiac output and from both these data the nutritional blood flow to the parts of the heart may be estimated. Cardiac output was similar in rats exposed to simulated high altitude later in life (“newcomers”) and in control animals, but it was significantly lower in rats born in the low pressure chamber (“natives”). Fractions of cardiac output supplying cardiac ventricles and septum in rats from both hypoxic groups were significantly higher than in control animals. In the “natives” they were significantly higher than in the “newcomers”. The fractions of cardiac output in both “newcomers” and “natives” remained significantly higher than those of the control animals, also when calculated per gram of heart tissue. Nutritional coronary blood flow (in ml/min) was higher in both ventricles and septum of the “newcomers” and in the right ventricle of the “natives”, and lower in the septum of the “natives”, when compared with control animals. Coronary blood flow per gram of heart tissue (in ml/min·g) was significantly higher in all cardiac parts of the “newcomers”, but it was about the same in all cardiac parts of the “natives” when compared with controls. The importance of observed changes concerning myocardial tissue oxygenation is analyzed by using Krogh's cylindrical tissue model.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00584799
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Action de la rubratoxine B sur la respiration des mitochondries hépatiques de rat (1975)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 55 (1975), S. 53-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Rubratoxine B ; Mitochondria ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The in vitro effect of rubratoxin B on the electron transport system of rat liver mitochondria was investigated. This mycotoxin depressed oxygen consumption in ADP-lacking mitochondria and in ADP-coupled mitochondria, using succinate or β-hydroxybutyrate as substrats. Rubratoxin B is neither an oxidative-phosphorylation inhibitor nor uncoupling agent. Its effect is compared with aflatoxin B1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00467092
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative studies on the supraoptic nucleus in the rat. II. Afferent fiber connections (1975)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 22 (1975), S. 525-540 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Supraoptic nucleus ; Quantitative electron microscopy ; Afferent fiber connections ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A quantitative electron microscopic study of synaptic terminal degeneration was performed in the supraoptic nucleus (NSO) after a variety of major transections or ablations, destroying or interrupting in different combinations the afferent pathways known from earlier and own light microscopic degeneration studies. Solutions of a set of equations, expressing the percentage degenerations in synaptic profiles after different combinations in which the several pathways are interrupted by the various interferences, enabled the authors to give the following percentage numbers for afferent synapses from different sources. 32.7% of supraoptic afferents originate from the brain stem probably representing the monoaminergic innervation of this nucleus. The medial basal hypothalamus (21.0%), amygdala (13.5%), septum (13.5%), hippocampus (8.5%) and olfactory tubercle and further rostral cortical region (17.0%) are the other main sites of origin of supraoptic nucleus afferents. There are no supraoptic afferents from the optic nerve, superior cervical ganglion or fimbria hippocampi.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237352
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  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A quantitative study of subsurface cisterns and their relationships in normal and axotomized hypoglossal neurones (1975)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 22 (1975), S. 175-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Rat ; Hypoglossal nucleus ; Axotomy ; Subsurface cisterns
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A quantitative ultrastructural survey was made of subsurface cisterns and their association with overlying structures in the left hypoglossal nucleus of normal rats, and rats which had received left hypoglossal axotomies 7–84 days previously. Subsurface cisterns in normal rats occurred in some hypoglossal neurones, and, sporadically, in proximal dendrites. They were mostly subsynaptic, and often associated with Nissl substance. From 7–14 days postoperatively, when many somatic boutons temporarily lost contact with the perikaryal surface, and were replaced by a microglial sheath, the percentage of perikaryon with underlying cistern was significantly reduced. The Nissl substance was also dispersed at this stage, and not restored until 28 days postoperatively. At 21 days normal percentages of subsurface cistern were restored, but the cisterns were now mostly subastrocytic, an astrocytic sheath having replaced the microglial sheath. From 63 days onwards the cisterns were mostly subsynaptic again as boutons returned to the regenerating perikarya and the temporary astrocytic sheath disappeared. It is suggested that subsurface cisterns might alter the overlying perikaryal surface in some way during neuronal regeneration, causing certain boutons to adhere there.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237687
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  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Technique of lymphography in the rat (1975)
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 165 (1975), S. 213-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Rat ; Lymph nodes ; lymphography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Most the lymphatic system in the rat was directly observed in our experiment by radiological means. The lymphatics of the limbs were firstly revealed by subcutaneous injection of Patent Blue V. Lipiodol was used as radio-opaque compound injected by a micro-technique fully described by the authors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01971380
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  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural studies on the myocardial capillaries of the experimentally lathyritic rat, protective effect of certain flavonoids (1975)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 365 (1975), S. 201-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Lathyrism ; Capillaries ; Rat ; Ultrastructure ; Flavonoids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of rat myocardial capillaries was studied in the course of experimental lathyrism. Endothelial cells were hypertrophic, with a sinuous profile of the plasma membrane facing the lumen and with a consistent increase of pinocytotic vesicles; the nuclei were irregular in shape; ATPase activity was no more demonstrable. Therefore, various and well distinct structural endothelial mechanisms seem to be primarily involved, causing an alteration of the dynamics of transcellular exchanges and of the permeability of the vascular wall. Simultaneous treatment with certain flavonoids, (O-(β-hydroxyethyl)-rutosides and Na(+)-epicatechin-2-sulfonate), resulted in a less pronounced alteration and a more rapid recovery. The possibility of the existence of a common site of action of lathyrogens and flavonoids is raised in the discussion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00434039
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  • 36
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    Identification of the vasopressin-neurophysin producing neurons of the rat suprachiasmatic nuclei (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 156 (1975), S. 377-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Vasopressin-neurophysin neurons ; Suprachiasmatic nuclei ; Immunoenzyme histochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immuno-enzyme histochemical investigations on the hypothalamus of the normal rat showed (1) that the Suprachiasmatic nuclei produce vasopressin; (2) that it is highly probable that these nuclei do not produce oxytocin. From the present and previous investigations it may be concluded that the Suprachiasmatic neurons produce a vasopressin-neurophysin complex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225365
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  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histochemical observations on uptake of L-dopa into endocrine cells of the rat pituitary gland during the postnatal development (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 156 (1975), S. 451-461 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adenohypophysis ; Rat ; L-dopa ; Fluorescence histochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The uptake of L-dopa into the cells of the adenohypophysis of the rat was studied during the postnatal development and at adult age using the formaldehyde-induced fluorescence method (FIF). The cells taking up L-dopa were classified by Alcian blue-PAS-Orange G staining. The correlation between the cells taking up L-dopa and those containing tryptophyl-peptide was estimated during the postnatal period and in adult rats. The cells containing tryptophyl-peptide were demonstrated using fluorescence induced by treatment with combined formaldehyde and acetyl chloride vapour. The following observations were made: 1) Great majority of the cells taking up L-dopa did not contain tryptophyl-peptide. Thus the accumulation of L-dopa into the cells of pars distalis is not due to accumulation of L-dopa into the cells by the same transport mechanism as the amino acids for tryptophyl-peptide. 2) Of the cells taking up L-dopa in the adult rats 96% were chromophobes, 2.0% acidophilic cells (somatotrophs and cells producing prolactin), 0.9% R-mucoid cells (corticotrophs), and 1.2% S1- and S2-mucoid cells (gonadotrophs and thyrotrophs). At 10 and 25 days' age the relative numbers of the cells taking up L-dopa were about the same. 3) Pretreatment with nialamide caused only a slight increase in the number of the cells taking up L-dopa. The decrease in the number of the cells uptaking L-dopa of the pars distalis, which takes place after 5 weeks' age is thus not caused by the increased MAO-activity. 4) Strongly chromophilic cells did not take up L-dopa. At the light of our results it seems evident that L-dopa is taken up by the chromophobic cells when these differentiate into chromophilic cells. The accumulation of L-dopa may be a sign of an active transport of amino acids into the cells. The accumulation of L-dopa into the chromophobic stellate and follicular cells may reflect their metabolic activity. These cells probably have an important role in the production of the hormones of the pars distalis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225105
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  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of cell surface coat (glycocalyx) in rat urinary bladder epithelium (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 158 (1975), S. 281-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Glycocalyx ; Urinary bladder ; Ruthenium red ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Earlier statements to the contrary, the present study demonstrates the presence of a cell surface coat (glycocalyx) on the luminal plasma membrane of the super ficial transitional epithelial cells lining the urinary bladder of male Buffalo rats. This coat was demonstrated with ruthenium red, an electron dense stain, which revealed a surface layer, 60–80 Å thick, separated from the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane by an electron lucent layer, approximately 30 Å thick. The structure of the glycocalyx was not affected by 12 weeks of treatment with dibutylnitrosamine, a known bladder carcinogen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219966
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  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radioautographic study of the rat brain and pituitary after injection of 3H dexamethasone (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 161 (1975), S. 183-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypothalamus ; Pituitary ; Rat ; Localization of 3H-dexamethasone ; Radioautography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The central nervous system and the pituitary of adrenalectomized male rats injected with 3H-dexamethasone were examined by radioautography. At 1 hr after the injection, radioactivity concentration was high in the medial basal hypothalamus, the pituitary and the pineal gland. In the hypothalamus, radioactive material was found to be selectively concentrated in neurons in the ventral part of nucleus arcuatus and in the infundibular region. In the anterior pituitary, a large proportion of cells showed silver grains both in the cytoplasm and over the cell nuclei. However, in a small number of cells, the radioactive material was associated with the cell nuclei. Less radioactivity was present in the intermediate and posterior lobes. The pineal gland contained more silver grains than did other regions of the brain. The results obtained in the present study suggest essentially an action of dexamethasone in the medial basal hypothalamus and at the level of the pituitary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220367
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  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rate of protein synthesis in rat salivary gland cells after pilocarpine or feeding (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 164 (1975), S. 447-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Protein secretion ; Protein synthesis ; Salivary glands ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of pilocarpine and food uptake on the rate of incorporation of [3H]-leucine in vivo was measured by means of quantitative radioautography in three exocrine cells of the rat: the acinar and the granular duct cells of the submandibular and the acinar cells of the parotid gland. The three cell types react differently. The submandibular acinar cells showed a decrease in incorporation rate after pilocarpine administration but not after feeding. The incorporation rate of the granular duct cells of the submandibular gland remains constant after both stimulations. The acinar cells of the parotid gland show an increase in incorporation rate of [3H]-leucine in response to both. The contrast between the submandibular and the parotid gland could also be demonstrated radiobiochemically, the results reflecting the incorporation rates of the acinar cells of both glands, giving no information on the contribution of other cell types. The decrease in incorporation rate of the submandibular gland acinar cells is accompanied by a shift of polyribosomes towards monomers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219936
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  • 41
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rate of protein synthesis in rat salivary gland cells after pilocarpine or feeding (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 164 (1975), S. 457-466 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Protein secretion ; Protein synthesis ; Salivary glands ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary After stimulation of the protein secretion by pilocarpine or feeding the rate of incorporation of [3H]-leucine increases in the acinar cells of the parotid gland of the rat while the secretory cells of the submandibular gland show a moderate decrease (Kuijper et al., 1975b). Since the rate of labelled amino acid incorporation depends on the specific radioactivity of the amino acid used, which is not easy to determine in vivo, experiments in vitro were performed to get an idea of the influence of this factor on the measured changes in [3H]-leucine incorporation. In vitro both cell types showed a more pronounced but essentially identical reaction as in vivo. Since in these experiments the specific radioactivity of the extracellular leucine is the same whether fragments of stimulated or unstimulated glands incorporate the radioactive amino acid, the increase of incorporation in the parotid and the decrease in the submandibular cells cannot be ascribed to differences in specific radioactivity of leucine, unless the intracellular leucine pool should show great differences between secreting and non-secreting cells. However, in vitro the submandibular gland cells under both conditions appear to use the extracellular leucine for their protein synthesis (or a small compartmentalized pool in rapid exchange with the extracellular pool). In the parotid cells the whole intracellular pool showed such a rapid exchange with the extracellular one that for practical reasons one may say that these cells, too, rely on the extracellular specific radioactivity of leucine in their protein synthesis. We conclude that the rat parotid gland cells show a rapid and substantial increase of protein synthesis after stimulation of their enzyme secretion, while the submandibular gland cells do not.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219937
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  • 42
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    Electronic Resource
    The major ganglion in the pelvic plexus of the male rat (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 159 (1975), S. 49-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Autonomic ganglia ; Pelvic plexus ; SIF cells ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary To further evaluate the role of autonomic ganglia in the regulation of pelvic visceral activity, the neural elements in the major pelvic ganglion of the male rat have been studied with histochemical and electron microscopic techniques. The principal findings are that the ganglion is composed of cholinergic and adrenergic ganglion cells as well as small intensely fluorescent (SIF) cells. Polarity in the ganglion is indicated by clustering of small ganglion cells which stain intensely for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) along the pelvic nerve while larger cells, with weak to moderate AChE activity, collect near small branches of the hypogastric nerve. Some cholinergic ganglion cells are enclosed by a plexus of adrenergic terminals. SIF cells appear to be in contact with both cholinergic and adrenergic cells, although many of the fluorescent beads around adrenergic neurons may be short dendrites of ganglion cells, rather than processes of SIF cells. Two types of SIF cells may be distinguished on the basis of size and morphology of their granulated vesicles. Afferent synapses of the cholinergic type were common on SIF cells of the large granule and small granule type. Portions of SIF cells with large granules occur within the capsule of ganglion cells. Contacts seen here were interpreted as efferent synapses from SIF cells to the dendrites of ganglion cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00231994
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  • 43
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rate of protein synthesis in rat salivary gland cells after pilocarpine or feeding (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 164 (1975), S. 435-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Protein secretion ; Protein synthesis ; Salivary glands ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In untreated, fasting animals the cells of the serous demilunes of the sublingual gland incorporate [3H]-leucine at a higher rate than any other of the 5 main cell types of the 3 major salivary glands. The acinar cells of the submandibular and the mucous cells of the sublingual gland show intermediate values, while the cells of the granular ducts of the submandibular and the acini of the parotid gland have a low rate of incorporation. In fasting animals extrusion of newly synthesized protein starts early in the cells of the serous demilunes. It starts between 4 and 7 hrs after [3H]-leucine injection in the acinar cells of the submandibular gland, while the other cell types did not lose substantial amounts of labelled (glyco)protein within 7 hrs. The secretion of protein is stimulated by the cholinergic drug pilocarpine in all but one of the 5 types of salivary gland cells studied. The acinar cells of the submandibular gland react strongly, the granular duct cells less strongly. Still less are the reactions of the acinar cells of the parotid and of the mucous cells of the sublingual gland. The cells of the serous demilunes of the latter appear to be insensible to pilocarpine. The effect of food uptake on secretion does not differ from pilocarpine stimulation, with one exception: the acinar cells of the parotid gland react more strongly on food uptake than on cholinergic stimulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219935
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  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ganglion cells and paraganglionic cells in the developing superior cervical ganglion of normal and p-chlorophenylalanine treated rats (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 163 (1975), S. 249-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Superior cervical ganglion ; Rat ; Catecholamines ; p-Chlorophenylalanine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ganglion cells and paraganglionic (PG) cells in the developing rat superior cervical ganglion were studied following postnatal treatment with p-chlorophenylalanine (pCPA) for 5 to 8 days. Litter mates, injected with saline solution, served as controls. Ganglion cells of control animals were differentiated ultrastructurally according to L. Eränkö (1972 a) into late sympathicoblasts and young sympathetic nerve cells. In both maturation stages treatment with pCPA caused marked swelling of mitochondria, concomitant with minor changes of other cell organelles. Parallel to the ultrastructural alterations, fluorescence microscopy and cytophotometry revealed a slight diminution of diffuse fluorescence intensity in sympathetic neurons as the expression of a mainly extragranular amine depletion. In distinction from ganglion blocking agents the alterations are regarded as a general toxic effect of pCPA upon maturing sympathetic neurons, which secondarily influences catecholamine storage sites. Following treatment with pCPA, in PG-cells an alteration of mitochondria was scarcely to recognize. Specific granules were distinctly decreased in number, in some cases to an almost complete degree. Concordant to ultrastructural observations a marked diminution of fluorescence intensity was demonstrable in SIF-cells. In addition in these elements the fluorescence spectrum shifted towards the green field. Fluorescence cytophotometric evaluations confirmed the optical impression. Provided, that PG-cells, demonstrated with electron microscopy, are identical with SIF-cells in fluorescence microscopy, the results are discussed on the basis of a specific decrease of primary catecholamines due to an enzyme inhibition involved in catecholamine synthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221731
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  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Different populations of granules and their distribution in the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial tract of the rat under various experimental conditions (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 160 (1975), S. 231-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Median eminence ; Rat ; Populations of axonal granules ; Electron microscopy, morphometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In Fortsetzung einer früheren Arbeit wurde die Eminentia mediana von männlichen und weiblichen Ratten, sowie die trächtiger und durstender Tiere auf die Fragestellung hin untersucht, ob 1. die Eminentia mediana der erste Ort ist, wo die beiden Neurohormone Oxytocin und Vasopressin freigesetzt werden, und 2. ob sich die Axone in der externen Schicht der Eminentia mediana aufgrund der mittleren Durchmesser ihrer Granula in verschiedene Populationen differenzieren lassen. Bei männlichen und weiblichen Kontrolltieren haben die Oxytocin-bzw. Vasopressin-granula in der Eminentia mediana bereits ihre endgültige Größe erreicht; ihr mittlerer Durchmesser ändert sich nicht mehr wesentlich bis zum Hypophysenhinterlappen. Allerdings gibt der unterschiedliche prozentuale Anteil beider Populationen in der Eminentia mediana, in Zusammenhang mit den früher bestimmten Werten für die jeweiligen Kerne und die Neurohypophyse, Hinweise auf gewisse Unterschiede im turnover beider Hormone bei männlichen und weiblichen Tieren. Bei graviden und durstenden Ratten findet sich eine scheinbare Abnahme der Granula Durchmesser in den oxytocin-bzw. vasopressinführenden Axonen. In Verbindung mit sehr charakteristischen morphologischen Befunden, besonders bei langdurstenden Tieren, sprechen die morphometrischen Ergebnisse dafür, daß in der Eminentia mediana bereits Neurohormon freigesetzt wird, wenn eine schnelle Deckung des peripheren Bedarfes notwendig ist. Die Axone mit Granula, die kleiner sind als 115 nm, lassen sich in der internen Schicht der Eminentia mediana aufgrund der mittleren Durchmesser ihrer Granula in vier Populationen aufteilen. Ihre mittleren Granula-Durchmesser liegen bei etwa 84 nm, 96 nm, 103 nm und 110 nm. Dieselben vier Populationen finden sich sowohl in der Zona palisadica als auch in der perikapillären Schicht der Eminentia mediana. Im Unterschied zur Zona interna findet sich aber in diesen beiden Schichten noch eine fünfte Population von Axonen mit einem mittleren Granula-Durchmesser von etwa 70–75 nm. Der mengenmäßige Anteil dieser fünf Populationen aber ist unterschiedlich in der Zona palisadica und in der perikapillären Schicht einerseits und in den verschiedenen Tiergruppen andererseits. Einige morphologische Befunde an den Tanycyten werden im Zusammenhang mit der neueren Literatur diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary In connection with previous studies (Krisch, 1974), a morphologic analysis of the median eminence of male, female, pregnant, and thirsting rats has been made, in order to evaluate: 1. whether the median eminence is an additional area where oxytocin and vasopressin may be released from neurosecretory axons in the zona interna; 2. whether it is possible to distinguish different populations of axons according to the mean diameters of their granules in the external zone of the median eminence. In the zona interna of the male and the female control animals, the oxytocin-and vasopressin-containing granules have already reached their final diameters, i.e. their size remains constant until they reach and are stored in the neurohypophysis. However, the relative proportions of these populations in the fibre layer of the median eminence indicate certain differences between male and female animals, concerning the turnover of oxytocin and vasopressin. In pregnant, as well as in thirsting animals, there is an apparent decrease of the mean granule diameters in oxytocin and vasopressin-containing axons. In particular in the latter group, ballooned axons in the fibre layer of the median eminence, containing disintegrating granules, tubular structures filled with electron dense material, and fine-flocculent material in the axoplasm, together with the morphometric results, support our concept that in case of highly increased peripheral demand the contents of the mature, large granules are released into the axoplasm of the fibre layer in the median eminence. In addition, axons containing granules smaller than 115 nm may be classified into four populations with mean diameters of 84 nm, 96 nm, 103 nm, and 110 nm. The same populations are found in the palisade zone of the median eminence as well as in the pericapillary zone, but in contrast to the zona interna there is a fifth population of axons containing very small granules with a mean diameter of about 70–75 nm. The relative proportions of these five populations differ between the zona palisadica and the pericapillary zone on the one hand and between the experimental groups on the other hand. Some morphological findings concerning the tanycytes are discussed with respect to previously published data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220580
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  • 46
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Kristallstruktur von K3JO5 (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 411 (1975), S. 41-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The Crystal Structure of K3IO5The crystal structure of K3IO5, tetragonal, space group P4/ncc-D4h8, was determined by X-ray and neutron powder diffraction. It is closely related to that of (NH4)3FeF6, with a tetragonally deformed unit cell, the c lattice constant being twice as large as that of the fluorine compound, and with tetragonal IO5 pyramids replacing the octahedral FeF6 complexes.
    Notes: Die Kristallstruktur von K3JO5, tetragonal, Raumgruppe P4/ncc-D4h8, wurde durch Röntgen- und Neutronenbeugungsversuche an Pulverpräparaten bestimmt. Sie ist eng verwandt mit der von (NH4)3FeF6, wobei unter tetragonaler Verzerrung und Verdoppelung der c-Gitterkonstante die FeF6-Komplexe durch tetragonal-pyramidale JO5-Gruppen ersetzt sind.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19754110105
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  • 47
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    Electronic Resource
    Über Arsen-haltige Heterocyclen. II. Molekül- und Kristallstruktur von 5-Chlor-1-oxa-4,6-dithia-5-arsaocan (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 411 (1975), S. 79-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On Heterocyclic Systems Containing Arsenic. II1). Molecular and Crystal Structure of 5-Chloro-1-oxa-4, 6-dithia-5-arsaocaneThe crystal structure of the title compound has been determined from single crystal X-ray data and refined to a conventional R of 0.048. The eight-membered ring has the boat-chair conformation. PITZER and BAEYER strain are smaller than in cyclooctane and the transannular 1, 5-H…H repulsion in cyclooctane is replaced by a stabilizing 1, 5-As…O attraction. The coordination of the As-atom is ψ trigonal-bipyramidal with axial distances As—Cl 2.27 Å, As—O 2.45 Å and equatorial distances As—S 2.25 Å. The structure consists of 12-coordinated molecules.The crystal data of the analogous Sb compound 5-Chloro-1-oxa-4, 6-dithia-5-stibaocane are given.
    Notes: Die Struktur der Titelsubstanz wurde röntgenographisch aus Diffraktometer-Einkristalldaten bestimmt und bis zu einem konventionellen R von 0,048 verfeinert. Der 8-Ring besitzt Wanne-Sessel-Konformation. PITZER- und BAEYER-Spannung sind gegenüber Cyclooctan verringert, und an die Stelle der transannularen 1, 5-H…H-Abstoßung im Cyclooctan ist eine stabilisierende 1, 5-As…O-Anziehung getreten. Die Koordination am As-Atom ist ψ-trigonal-bipyramidal mit axialen Abständen As—Cl 2,27 Å, As—O 2,45 Å und äquatorialen Abständen As—S 2,25 Å. Die Struktur besteht aus 12-fach koordinierten Molekülen.Die Kristalldaten der analogen Sb-Verbindung 5-Chlor-1-oxa-4, 6-dithia-5-stibaocan werden mitgeteilt.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19754110109
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  • 48
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    Electronic Resource
    IR-spektroskopische Untersuchungen an festem Diimin und matrixisoli ertem Diimin, Mono- und Dideutero-diimin (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 411 (1975), S. 1-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Infrared Spectroscopic Investigations of Solid Diimide and Matrix-isolated Diimide, Mono- and Dideutero DiimideAn IR-spectrum of solid diimide was measured at 5°K. In addition, the nitrogen matrix spectra of diimide, mono- and dideutero diimide were obtained and a suggestion was made as to the assignment of the frequencies measured. According to this, diimide has a trans-structure and belongs to the point group C2h.
    Notes: Es wurde das IR-Spektrum von festem Diimin bei 5°K aufgenommen. Außerdem wurden die Stickstoff-Matrixspektren von Diimin, Mono- und Dideutero-diimin registriert und ein Zuordnugsvorschlag für die gemessenen Frequenzen gemacht. Danach hat Diimin eine trans-Struktur und gehört zur Punktgruppe C2h.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19754110102
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  • 49
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    Electronic Resource
    Darstellung und Struktur von K2SnS3 · 2H2O (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 412 (1975), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation and Structure of K2SnS3 · 2 H2OPotassium metathiostannate K2SnS3 · 2 H2O has been prepared from aqueous solution and was characterized by X-ray structure analysis. The thioanions contain SnS4 tetrahedra which are connected by sharing corners to form endless chains (Sn—S 2.345…2.458 Å), the structural formula of the compound being K2n(SnS3)n · 2 nH2O. The polymetathiostannate ion (SnS32-)n is isomeric to the recently prepared dimeric Sn2S64-. The salt crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pnma with a = 6.429, b = 15.621, c = 10.569 Å. The hydrogen bridge system has been completely analyzed.The vibrational spectra of the salt have been measured; partial assignments are given.
    Notes: Kaliummetathiostannat K2SnS3 · 2 H2O wurde aus wäßriger Lösung rein dargestellt und durch eine Röntgenstrukturanalyse charakterisiert. Danach besteht das Thioanion aus SnS4-Tetraedern, die über gemeinsame Ecken zu unendlichen Ketten verknüpft sind (Sn—S 2,345…2,458 Å), so daß die Verbindung als K2n(SnS3)n · 2 nH2O zu formulieren ist. Das Poly-metathiostannat (SnS32-)n ist isomer zu dem kürzlich dargestellten dimeren Sn2S64-. Das Salz kristallisiert orthorhombisch (Pnma) mit den Gitterkonstanten a = 6,429, b = 15,621, c = 10,569 Å. Das Wasserstoffbrückensystem wurde vollständig analysiert. Die Verbindung wurde schwingungsspektroskopisch untersucht; die ermittelten Frequenzen wurden teilweise zugeordnet.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19754120102
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  • 50
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    Anwendung der Röntgen-Photoelektronenspektroskopie in der Phosphorchemie. I. P2p-Bindungsenergien in Phosphoryl- und Thiophosphorylverbindungen (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 412 (1975), S. 47-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Application of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy in Phosphorus Chemistry. I. P2p Binding Energies in Phosphoryl and Thiophosphoryl Compounds.P2p binding energies of numerous phosphoryl and thiophosphoryl compounds are tabulated and discussed. In many cases inner electron binding energies of other atoms are given in addition.
    Notes: Die P2p-Bindungsenergien zahlreicher Phosphoryl- und Thiophosphorylverbindungen sind tabelliert und diskutiert. In vielen Fällen sind auch die Bindungsenergien innerer Elektronen anderer Atome verzeichnet.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19754120107
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  • 51
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    Abschätzung der Konformationsbarriere in 1,3,2-Dithiastannolanen mittels Zinn-Satelliten (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 412 (1975), S. 71-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Estimation of the Conformational Barrier in 1.3.2-Dithiastannolanes by Tin SatellitesThe method of using the 117/119tin satellites in the 1H NMR spectrum of 2.2-disubstituted 1.3.2-dithiastannolanes is proposed to overcome the difficulties in the conformational analysis arising from rapid interconversions. The enthalpy of the transition state is given.
    Notes: An Hand der 117/119Zinn-Satelliten im 1H-Kernresonazspektrum von 2,2-disubstituierten 1,3,2-Dithiastannolanen wird versucht, die Schwierigkeiten in der Konformationsanalyse zu überwinden, die mit sehr schneller Ringinversion verbunden sind. Die Enthalpie des Übergangszustandes wird berechnet.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    Die Polytherme des Quinären Systems Na+, K+, Mg2+/Cl-, SO42-//H2O im Bereich von +25° bis -10°C (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 413 (1975), S. 85-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Polythermal Curves of the Quinary System Na+, K+, Mg2+/Cl-, SO42-//H2O in Range between +25°C and -10°CProceeding from the 0°C, -5°C and -10°C isothermal curves of the quinary system Na+, K+, Mg2+/C1-, SO42-//H2O with saturation at NaCl, KCl, and carnallite, respectively, the polythermal curve is represented between 25°C and -10°C. Within the new defined range of the polythermal curve the invariant five-salt-paragenesis NaCI, KCI, Glauber's salt (Na2SO4 · 10 H2O), bitter salt (MgSO4 · 7 H2O), Schoenite (K2SO4 · MgSO4 · 6 H2O) can be found at -7,2°C. It represents also the lowest temperature of formation of Schoenite in this system.It was necessary, moreover, to reconsider further univariant and invariant equilibrium solutions in the range between 25° and 0°C.
    Notes: Ausgehend von den 0°C, -5°C und -10°C-Isothermen des quinären Systems Na+, K+, Mg2+/Cl-, SO42-//H2O bei Sättigung an NaCl und KCl bzw. Carnallit wird die Polytherme zwischen 25°C und -10°C dargestellt. Innerhalb des neu bestimmten Bereiches der Polytherme befindet sich bei -7,2°C die invariante Fünfsalzparagenese NaCl, KCl, Glaubersalz (Na2SO4 · 10 H2O), Bittersalz (MgSO4 · 7 H2O), Schönit (K2SO4 · MgSO4 · 6 H2O). Sie stellt gleichzeitig die untere Bildungstemperatur des Schönits in diesem System dar.Außerdem war es notwendig, im Bereich zwischen 25°C und 0°C weitere univariante und invariante Gleichgewichtslösungen zu überprüfen.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19754130111
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    Über Cyanatverbindungen und deren reaktives Verhalten. XXI. Reaktionsverhalten von Niob(V)- und Tantal(V)-thiocyanat gegenüber N-DonatorenProfessor Herbert Funk zum 80. Geburtstage am 24. April 1975 gewidmet (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 413 (1975), S. 102-108 
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    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Cyanate Compounds and their Reactivity. XXI. Reactivity of Niobium(V) and Tantalum(V) Thiocyanates to N-DonatorsM2(NCS)10 reacts with ammonia or primary and secondary aliphatic amines to complexes of the types [M(NCS)(NH2)2NH]x, [M(NCS)3(NHR)2 H2NR], or [M(NCS)3(NR′2)2 HNR′2], with N-heterocyclic amines in a first step to [M(NCS)5L]-complexes and in a further step through a redox mechanism to [M(NCS)4L2] complexes. [M(NCS)5(CH3CN)] mCH3CN reacts with ammonia, or primary amines in acetonitrile over acetamidine and amidinolytic cleavage of M-NCS bonds to complexes of the type [M(NCS)a(NC(NHR″)CH3)b(CH3C(NH)NHR″)]x. The prepared compounds are characterized by analytical data, derivatographic measurements, and IR or visible absorption spectra (M = Nb, Ta; x = 2; R = n-C4H9; R′ = C2H5; L = pyridine or 4-methyl-pyridine; m = 0, 1, 2; a = 1 or 4; b = 4 or 1; R″ = H, n-C4H9).
    Notes: Reaktionen von M2(NCS)10 führen mit Ammoniak sowie primären und sekundären aliphatischen Aminen zu Verbindungen des Typs [M(NCS)(NH2)2NH]x bzw. M(NCS)3(NHR)2 [H2NR] und [M(NCS)3(NR′2)2 HNR′2], mit N-heterocyclischen Aminen zu [M(NCS)5L]-Komplexen, die jedoch Redoxumwandlungen unterliegen und [M(NCS)4L2]-Komplexe bilden. Reaktionen von [M(NCS)5(CH3CN)] mCH3CN mit Ammoniak und aliphatischen primären Aminen ergeben in Acetonitril Acetamidin, das amidinolytische Spaltung von M-NCS-Bindungen bewirkt und zu Verbindungen des Typs [M(NCS)a(NC(NHR″)CH3)b(CH3C(NH)NHR″)]x führt. Die dargestellten Komplexe werden durch derivatographische Untersuchungen und IR- bzw. VIS-Absorptionsspektren näher charakterisiert (M = Nb, Ta; x = 2; R = n-C4H9; R′ = C2H5; L = Pyridin, 4-Methylpyridin; m = 0, 1, 2; a = 1 oder 4; b = 4 bzw. 1; R″ = H, C4H9).
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    Neue Verbindungen mit Granatstruktur. VIZ. anorg. allg. Chem. 410, 321 (1974).. Vanadate (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 413 (1975), S. 150-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: New Compounds with Garnet Structure. VI. VanadatesThe preparation of vanadate-garnets of the following three types is reported: (I) {Na3}[B2III](V3)O12 (BIII = Cr, Sc), (II) {LiCa2}[B2II](V3)O12 (BII = Mg), (III) {Ca2AIII}[Li2] (V3)O12 (AIII = In, Sc). The Cr-compound of type (I) decomposes above 690°C into a mixture of Cr2O3 and NaVO3. The analogous Fe-compound decomposes in a similar way already at 400°C; therefore the preparation by solid state reaction is not possible. Employing larger BIII-ions (Y, Yb, Lu) no garnets of type (I), but mixtures of BIIIVO4 (zircon structure) and Na3BIIIV2O8 are formed. Garnets of type (II) do not exist, when BII are Co and Ni. Mixtures of {Ca3}[LiBII](V3)O12 (garnet structure), LiBIIVO4 (spinel structure) and B3II(VO4)2 are formed. With type (III) for AIII = Y reaction occurs forming a mixture of YVO4, Ca3(VO4)2 and Li3VO4.
    Notes: Es wird die Darstellung von Vanadatgranaten folgender drei Typen beschrieben: (I) {Na3}[B2III](V3)O12 (BIII = Cr, Sc), (II) {LiCa2}[B2II](V3)O12 (BII = Mg), (III) {Ca2AIII}[Li2](V3)O12 (AIII = In, Sc). Die Cr-Verbindung des Typs (I) zerfällt oberhalb 690°C in ein Gemisch von Cr2O3 und NaVO3. Die analoge Fe-Verbindung zersetzt sich in entsprechender Weise bereits bei 400°C, so daβ die Reindarstellung durch Festkörperreaktion nicht möglich ist. Bei größeren BIII-Ionen (Y, Yb, Lu) entstehen keine Granate des Typs (I), sondern Gemische aus BIIIVO4 (Zirkonstruktur) und Na3BIIIV2O8. Granate des Typs (II) sind für BII = Co und Ni nicht existenzfähig. Es entstehen Gemische aus {Ca3}[LiBII](V3)O12 (Granatstruktur), LiBIIVO4 (Spinellstruktur) und B3II(VO4)2. Beim Typ (III) erfolgt für AIII = Y eine Ausweichreaktion unter Bildung eines Gemisches aus YVO4, Ca3(VO4)2 und Li3VO4.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    Masthead (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 413 (1975) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19754130301
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  • 56
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    Beiträge zur Chemie des Phosphors. 5958. Mitt.: M. Baudler u. M. Bock, Angew. Chem. 86, 124 (1974).. Zur Synthese und Struktur von (C6H5PS)3 (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 413 (1975), S. 239-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Contributions to the Chemistry of Phosphorus. 59. Synthesis and Structure of (C6H5PS)31,2,4-Triphenyl-1-thio-cyclo-3,5-dithia-1,2,4-triphosphane (C6H5PS)3 (1) is obtained in very good yield by the reaction of dipotassium triphenyltriphosphide (4) with dichloro trisulfane, as well as by the reaction of phenylphosphine with sulphur dichloride. Besides, 1 is formed, together with the cyclothiaphosphane (C6H5P)4 (3), by the reaction of a 1,2-diphenyl-1,2-dihalogen-diphosphane with hydrogen sulphide or disulfane and by the reaction of 4 and disulphur dichloride. - All of the spectroscopic data, especially the 31P nmr spectra, indicate unambiguously the heterocyclophosphane structure V with a five-membered P3S2-ring with isolated sulphur atoms, and with one of the directly connected phosphorus atoms bearing another sulphur atom in exo-position, in addition to the phenyl group.
    Notes: 1,2,4-Triphenyl-1-thio-cyclo-3,5-dithia-1,2,4-triphosphan (C6H5PS)3 (1) wird durch Reaktion von Dikalium-triphenyl-triphosphid (4) mit Dichlortrisulfan sowie durch Umsetzung von Phenylphosphin mit Schwefeldichlorid in sehr guter Ausbeute erhalten. Außerdem bildet sich 1 - zusammen mit dem Cyclo-thia-phosphan (C6H5P)4 (3) - bei der Umsetzung von 1,2-Diphenyl-1,2-dihalogen-diphosphanen mit Schwefelwasserstoff oder Disulfan sowie aus 4 und Dischwefeldichlorid. - Die Gesamtheit der spektroskopischen Befunde, insbesondere das 31P-Kernresonanzspektrum, ergibt für 1 eindeutig die Heterocyclophosphan-Struktur V mit fünfgliedrigem P3S2-Ring, in dem die S-Atome isoliert stehen und eines der direkt miteinander verbundenen P-Atome außer der Phenylgruppe noch ein exoständiges S-Atom trägt.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19754130304
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    Heat of formation of lanthanum-lead alloys (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 413 (1975), S. 279-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Bildungswärmen von Lanthan-Blei-LegierungenDie Bildungswärmen von Lanthan - Blei-Legierungen wurden mittels eines Differentialcalorimeters gemessen sowie Zusammensetzung und Zustand der Proben durch chemische, metallographische und Röntgen-Analyse überprüft. Für die verschiedenen Verbindungen wurde Δ H (bei Reaktion der festen Phasen bei 300°K) bestimmt (Werte: s. „Abstract“). Die Ergebnisse werden kurz diskutiert und mit den nach der Methode von MIEDEMA berechneten verglichen.
    Notes: In the La—Pb system the heats of formation were measured, using a differential direct isoperibol calorimeter, and checking composition and state of the samples by chemical, metallographic and X-ray analyses. For the various compounds the H (for the reaction among solid phases at 300 K) correspond to the following values (Kcal/g · at.): La5Pb3 = -17.25 ± 0.5, La4Pb3 = -16.7 ± 0.5, La5Pb4 = -16.5 ± 0.5, La3Pb4 = -15.3 ± 0.5, LaPb2 = -14.4 ± 0.5, LaPb3 = -13.7 ± 0.5.The results obtained are briefly discussed and compared with those calculated using the method suggested by MIEDEMA.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19754130308
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    Stabile Quecksilber(I)-Stickstoff-Verbindungen. VI. Synthese und kristallstruktur des bis(chinolin)diquecksilber(I)dinitratsProfessor Helmut Behrens zum 60. Geburtstage am 30. Mai 1975 gewidmet (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 414 (1975), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Stable Mercury(I)-Nitrogen Compounds. VI. Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Bis(chinoline)Dimercury(I) DinitrateThe product of the reaction of aqueous solutions of mercury(I) nitrate and chinoline, Bis(chinoline)dimercury(I) dinitrate, [C18H14Hg2N2](NO3)2, crystallizes monoclinic (a = 1 062.8(9) pm; b = 1 021.9(8) pm; c = 1 823.6(15) pm; β = 100.35 ± 0.06°) in the space group C2/c—C2h6 (Nr. 15) with Z = 4. The X-ray structure has been determined using Patterson and Fourier syntheses and refined by least squares to an R value of 0.091.The results show that the compound exists as a group structure of — units with the nitrate anions occupying positions between the groups.
    Notes: Das durch Umsetzung von Chinolin mit Quecksilber(I)-nitrat aus wäßrigen Lösungen erhaltene [C18H14Hg2N2](NO3)2 kristallisiert monoklin (a = 1 062,8(9) pm, b = 1 021,9(8) pm, c = 1 823,6(15) pm, β = 100,35 ± 0,06°) in der Raumgruppe C2/c—C2h6 (Nr. 15) mit Z = 4. Die Struktur wurde röntgenographisch mittels Patterson- und Fourier-Synthesen gelöst und nach der Methode der kleinsten Fehlerquadrate bis zu einem R-Wert von 0,091 verfeinert.Die Substanz ist aufgebaut aus isolierten []-Gruppen, zwischen denen die Nitrationen liegen.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19754140102
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    Zur Kenntnis der Systeme Li2O/CoO und Li2O/ZnO (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 414 (1975), S. 69-75 
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    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Systems Li2O/CoO and Li2O/ZnOAccording to powder photographs the systems Li2O/CoO and Li2O/ZnO are so far similar as the Li-richest phase in near „Li4MO3“. Single crystal investigations lead to a pseudocubic, trigonal unit cell; a = 13.14, c = 7.99 Å (Zn); a = 13.10, c = 7.98 Å (Co). The oxygen form a cubic closest packing. Surprisingly there is obviously no completely ordered arrangement of cations. In spite of single crystal data the extent of the phases is still unknown.
    Notes: Die Systeme Li2O/CoO und Li2O/ZnO sind insofern analog. als beiden die Li-reichste Phase nach Pulveraufnahmen bei „Li4MO3“ liegt. Einkristalluntersuchungen führten auf eine pseudokubische, trigonale Elementarzelle mit a = 13,14, c = 7,99 Å (Zn) bzw. a = 13,10, c = 7,98 Å (Co). Überraschend ist, daß bei kubisch dichtester Kugelpackung von O2- offensichtlich keine vollständige Ordnung der Kationen vorliegt. Unklar bleibt trotz der Einkristalldaten, wie groß die Phasenbreiten sind.
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    Zur Kenntnis Neuer Hexafluoroplatinate(IV) (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 414 (1975), S. 130-136 
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    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On New Hexafluoroplatinates(IV)New prepared are PbPtF6 (light yellow), hex. BaGeF6-Type, [a = 7.227, c = 7.071 Å]; CaPtF6 (light yellow) [a = 5.245, c = 14.784 Å]; ZnPtF6 (light yellow) [a = 4.980, c = 13.828 Å]; CdPtF6 (light yellow) [a = 5.118, c = 14.623 Å]; HgPtF6 (light yellow) [5.132, c = 14.814 Å]; MnPtF6 (ocker) [a = 5.094, c = 14.231 Å], CoPtF6 (light brown) [a = 5.002, c = 13.815 Å]; NiPtF6 (egg yellow) [a = 4,937, c = 13.687Å], all these of hex. LiSbF6-structure. The structure of CuPtF6 (light yellow) is yet unknown.
    Notes: Nou dargestellt wurden PbPtF6 (hellgelb), hex. BaGeF6-Typ, [a = 7,227, c = 7,071 Å]; CaPtF6 (hellgelb) [a = 5,245, c = 14,784 Å]; ZnPtF6 (hellgelb) [a = 4,980, c = 13,828 Å], CdPtF6 (hellgelb) [a = 5,118, c = 14,623 Å], HgPtF6 (hellgelb) [a = 5,132, c = 14,814 Å], MnPtF6 (ocker) [a = 5,094, c = 14,231 Å], CoPtF6 (hellbraun) (a = 5,002, c = 13,815 Å); NiPtF6 (eigelb) [a = 4,937, c = 13,687 Å], diese kristallisieren hexagonal im LiSbF6-Typ. Von CuPtF6 (hellgelb) ist die Struktur bislang unbekannt.
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    Gaskomplexe mit den Komponenten AlCl3, AlJ3 oder FeCl3, ihre Häufigkeit und Stabilität (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 414 (1975), S. 151-159 
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    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Gas Complexes with AlCl3, All3 (or FeCl3), their Abundance and StabilityGas complexes MClm · xAlCl3 (FeCl3) cover a large area of the periodic table. The thermodynamic discussion shows the great stability of these complexes below 1200°K. The ΔH°-values for the stepwise complex formation MCl2/MAlCl5/MAl2Cl8 are discussed. The important factor is the supplement of the coordination sphere.
    Notes: Die Verbreitung der Gaskomplexe MClm · xAlCl3 (FeCl3) mit x = 1, 2 oder 3 über weite Bereiche des Periodensystems wird dargelegt. Die thermodynamische Erörterung zeigt die große Stabilität der Komplexe bei Temperaturen 〈1200°K. Die ΔH°-Bilanz der stufenweisen Komplexbildung MCl2/MAlCl5/MAl2Cl8 wird diskutiert. ΔH° wird entscheidend durch die Auffüllung der Koordinationssphäre bestimmt.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19754140206
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    Transition metal Complexes with Bis(2′-quinolyl)-2,6-pyridine (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 414 (1975), S. 185-192 
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    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Bis(2′-chinolyl)-2, 6-pyridin-Komplexe von ÜbergangsmetallenEs werden Bis(2′-chinolyl)-2, 6-pyridin-Chelate von Übergangsmetallen untersucht. Auf Grund der Elementaranalyse und der molaren elektrischen Leitfähigkeit in Acetonitrillösungen ergibt sich für diese Komplexe die Zusammensetzung [Me(C23H15N3)2](ClO4)2 (Me = Fe(II), Co(II), Mn(II), Cu(II), Ni(II)). Die Elektronenspektren dieser Komplexe im festen Zustand und in Acetonitrillösungen, sowie ihre Infrarotspektren werden angegeben und diskutiert.
    Notes: Studies on the complexes of transition metals with the tridentate imine ligand bis(2′-quinolyl)-2, 6-pyridine have been carried out. On the basis of the elemental analysis data and the molar electrical conductivities, the chelates have been assigned the general formula [Me(C23H15N3)2](ClO4)2, where Me was Fe(II), Co(II), Mn(II), Cu(II) and Ni(II). Their electronic spectra in the solid state and in acetonitrile solution, as well as their infrared spectra have been reported and discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19754140210
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    Untersuchungen an elektronenleitenden Oxidsystemen. I. Zur Glasbildung im System K2O-SiO2-VO2 (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 415 (1975), S. 156-160 
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    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigations on Electronically Conducting Oxide Systems. I. Glass Formation in the System K2O—SiO2—VO2Glass formation in the system K2O-SiO2-VO2 was investigated. The glass forming region is compared with the glass formation in the system K2O-SiO2-TiO2. Density and electrical conductivity of the glasses are discussed in denpendence on the composition.
    Notes: Es wird über Gläser im System K2O—SiO2—VO2 berichtet. Der Glasbildungsbereich wird mit der im System K2O—SiO2—TiO2 auftretenden Glasbildung verglichen. Dichte und elektrische Leitfähigkeit der Gläser werden in Abhängigkeit von der Zusammensetzung diskutiert.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19754150208
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    The Thermal Decomposition of Nb3O7Cl and NbO2F (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 415 (1975), S. 185-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Die thermische Zersetzung von Nb3O7Cl und NbO2FDie thermische Zersetzung von Nb3O7Cl in Argon sowie Sauerstoff wurden untersucht und folgende Reaktionen gefunden: Die Zersetzungsprodukte in beiden Atmosphären waren T-Form- und H-Form-Nb2O5. Es wurde jedoch beobachtet, daß die Impfung des Ausgangsmaterials Nb3O7Cl mit der besonderen polymorphen Nb2O5-Form zu einem groß Anteil dieser Form im Zersetzungsprodukt führt.NbO2F wurde in Sauerstoffatmosphäre zersetzt. Das Zersetzungsprodukt war P-Form-Nb2O5, das in N-Form-Nb2O5 überging. Bei der thermischen Zersetzung von NbO2F wurde kein Impfeffekt beobachtet.
    Notes: The thermal decompositions of Nb3O7Cl in atmosphere of argon and oxygen were carried out and the decomposition formulae were determined as follows: The decomposition products in each atmospheres were found to be the T-form Nb2O5 and H-form Nb2O5. It was, however, observed that if an amount of special polymorphic form of Nb2O5 has been added to the starting material, Nb3O7Cl, the decomposition product came to contain a larger proportion of the seeded form.NbO2F was decomposed in the oxygen atmosphere. The decomposition product appeared as the P-form Nb2O5 and transformed into the N-form Nb2O5. In the case of the thermal decomposition of NbO2F, no appreciable seeding effect was observed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19754150212
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    Neue Amino-Derivate des SchwefelhexafluoridsVortrag auf dem V. Europäischen Fluorsymposium, Aviemore, Schottland (September 1974).Professor Fritz Seel zum 60. Geburtstage am 21. September 1975 gewidmet (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 416 (1975), S. 263-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: New Amino Derivatives of SulfurhexafluorideCompounds of the type SF5—N=S(F)NR2 and SF5—N=S(NR2)2 have been prepared by Si—N bond-cleavage reaction of Silylamines with Pentafluorosulfur-sulfur-difluorideimide 1. With PCl5, SF5—N=SCl2 can be prepared out of 1. The ir, mass and nmr spectra of the new compounds are reported and compared with other SF6 derivatives.
    Notes: Durch Si—N-Spaltungsreaktion von Pentafluoroschwefelschwefeldi-fluoridimid 1 mit Silylaminen entstehen die Verbindungen SF5—N=S(F)NR2 und SF5—N=S(NR2)2. 1 gibt mit PCl5 SF5—N=SCl2. Die IR-, MS- und insbesondere die NMR-Spektren der neu dargestellten Verbindungen werden mitgeteilt und mit anderen SF6-Derivaten verglichen.
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    Schwingungsspektren und Kraftkonstanten der Übergangsreihen OP(N(CH3)2)3 - OP(CH3)3 und SP(N(CH3)2)3 - SP(CH3)3Professor Fritz Seel zum 60. Geburtstage am 21. September 1975 gewidmet (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 416 (1975), S. 297-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Vibrational Spectra and Force Constants of the Series OP(N(CH3)2)3 - OP(CH3)3 and SP(N(CH3)2)3 - SP(CH3)3The vibrational spectra (IR and Raman) of the compounds of the title series are recorded and assigned to the normal vibrations. By a simplified force field the valence force constants are calculated and discussed. The results are compared with those of the NMR spectroscopy.
    Notes: Es werden die Schwingungsspektren (IR und Raman) von XP(N(CH3)2)2CH3 und XP(N(CH3)2)(CH3)2 (X = O, S) mitgeteilt und den Grundschwingungen zugeordnet. Auf dieser Basis werden nach einem Näherungsverfahren die Valenzkraftkonstanten und die Bindungsordnungen berechnet und diskutiert. Die Ergebnisse werden mit denen der Kernresonanz-Spektroskopie verglichen.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19754160314
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    Metallcarbonylkomplexe mit mehrzähnigen ringförmigen Liganden. I. Pentacarbonylkomplexe des s-Trithians und verwandter VerbindungenProfessor Fritz Seel zum 60. Geburtstage am 21. September 1975 gewidmet (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 416 (1975), S. 311-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Carbonyl Metal Compounds with Polydentate Cyclic Ligands. I. Pentacarbonyl Complexes of s-Trithiane and Related CompoundsThe complexes (RCHS)nM(CO)5 (R = H, CH3, n = 3; R = H, n = 4; M = Cr, Mo, W) were prepared from the tetrahydrofuran pentacarbonyl metal compounds and the respective ligands. The Cotton-Kraihanzel force constants of these complexes indicate the sulfur ligands to be slightly more basic than triphenylphosphine. The trimethyltrithiane complexes (R = CH3, n = 3) exhibit rapid intramolecular exchange of the M(CO)5-group along the three coordination centers of the ligand.
    Notes: Die Komplexe (RCHS)nM(CO)5 (R = H, CH3, n = 3; R = H, n = 4; M = Cr, Mo, W) wurden aus den Tetrahydrofuran-pentacarbonylmetallverbindungen und dem jeweiligen Liganden dargestellt. Die Cotton-Kraihanzel-Kraftkonstanten dieser Komplexe weisen die Schwefelliganden als geringfügig schwächere Akzeptoren, verglichen mit Triphenyl-phosphin, aus. Die Komplexe des Trimethyltrithians (R = CH3, n = 3) zeigen einen raschen intramolekularen Austausch der M(CO)5-Gruppe über die drei Koordinationsstellen des Liganden.
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    Zur Kenntnis der Oxomanganate(III):, Über LiMnO2 und β-NaMnO2 [1] (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 417 (1975), S. 1-10 
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    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: To the Knowledge of Oxomanganates(III): On LiMnO2 and β-NaMnO2Single crystals of LiMnO2 and β-NaMnO2 were obtained for the first time [LiMnO2: a = 2.805 Å, b = 5.757 Å, c = 4.572 Å, β-NaMnO2: a = 2.859 Å, b = 6.338 Å, c = 4.785 Å, both Pmnm, parameters see text]. The crystal structure is characteristically distorted by the Jahn-Teller-effect; the elongation of the [MnO6]-“octahedra” amounts to 14.1% (LiMnO2), 25.2% (β-NaMnO2) respectively. The Madelung Part of Lattice Energy is calculated and discussed.
    Notes: Erstmals wurden Einkristalle von LiMnO2 und β-NaMnO2 erhalten [LiMnO2: a = 2,805 Å, b = 5,757 Å, c = 4,572 Å, β-NaMnO2: a = 2,859 Å, b = 6,338 Å, c = 4,785 Å, beide Pmnm, bezügl. Parameter s. Text]. Es liegt eine durch den Jahn-Teller-Effekt charakteristisch verzerrte NaCl-Variante vor; die Elongation der [MnO6]-“Oktaeder” beträgt 14,1% (LiMnO2) bzw. 25,2% (β-NaMnO2). Der Madelung-Anteil der Gitterenergie wird berechnet.
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    Die Kristallstruktur von Na4CoO4[1] (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 417 (1975), S. 35-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The Crystal Structure of Na4CoO4According to X-Ray investigations on single crystals, Na4CoO4 crystallizes triclinic (P1, a = 8.648, b = 5.702, c = 6.400 Å, α = 123.9°, β = 98.1°, γ = 99.2°). There are almost tetrahedral CoO4-groups; sodium is coordinated by four or five O2-.
    Notes: Nach Einkristalluntersuchungen kristallisiert Na4CoO4 triklin (P1, a = 8,648, b = 5,702, c = 6,400 Å, α = 123,9°, β = 98,1°, γ = 99,2°). Es liegen fast tetraedrische CoO4-Gruppen vor; die Koordinationszahlen von Na+ betragen 4 und 5.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19754170106
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    über Erdalkalimetalloxocuprate, VIII Zur Kenntnis von Sr2CuO2Cl2 (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 417 (1975), S. 68-74 
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    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On Alkaline Earth Oxocuprates VIII. About Sr2CuO2Cl2Sr2CuO2Cl2 was prepared and investigated by single crystal X - ray work (space group D4h17-Immm, a = 3.975, c = 15.618 Å). Sr2CuO2Cl2 is isotypic with K2NiF4 - compounds and shows an octahedral configuration for Cu2+. Cl- occupies trans-positions of the octahedral Cu2+/O2- polyhedron. A discussion with related compounds (Sr2CuO3 and Nd2CuO4) explains the observed distribution of O2- and Cl-.
    Notes: Sr2CuO2Cl2 wurde dargestellt und an Einkristallen röntgenographisch untersucht (Raumgruppe D4h17-Immm, a = 3,975, c = 15,618 Å). Die zum K2NiF4-Typ gehörende Kristallstruktur zeigt ein durch Cl- transkonfiguriertes Sauerstoffoktaeder um Cu2+. Eine Diskussion mit anderen verwandten Verbindungen (Sr2SuO3, Nd2CuO4) erläutert die aufgefundene Verteilung von O2- und Cl-.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19754170110
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    Darstellung, lsolierung und Charakterisierung gemischter Cyanoselenocyanatochromate(III) (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 417 (1975), S. 93-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation, Isolation, and Characterization of Mixed Cyanoselenocyanatochromates(III)The potassiumcyanoselenocyanatochromates(III) are isolated in pure state, as previously described for a similar system of complexes. The tetrabutylammonium salts are used for the characterization.
    Notes: In Anlehnung an frühere Arbeiten werden erstmals Kaliumcyanoselenocyanatochromate(III) in reiner Form isoliert. Die anschließende Charakterisierung erfolgt an den Tetrabutylammoniumsalzen.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19754170204
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    Spektrale Untersuchungen von Cyanidkomplexen mit ein- und zwiwertigem Kupfer (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 417 (1975), S. 229-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Spectral Properties of Cyanocopper(I)-Copper(II) CompoundsThe spectral properties of the compounds: Cu 3 (CN) 4 (NH 3 ) 3, Cu 5 (CN) 6 (NH 3 ) 4, Cu 3 (CN) 4 en 2 H 2 O, Cu 4 (CN) 6 en 2 H 2 O, Cu 5 (CN) 6 en 2 and Cu 3 (CN) 4 (H 2 O) 5 were studied. On the basis of the results of spectral informations in relation with the results of X-ray analysis of the first three compounds, bond posibilities of the CN group and the way of coordination at copper(I) and copper(II) in the investigated compounds of unknown structure are discussed.
    Notes: Die spektralen Eigenschaften der Komplexe Cu 3 (CN) 4 (NH 3) 3, Cu 5 (CN) 6 (NH 3) 4, Cu 3 (CN) 4 en 2 H 2 O, Cu 4 (CN) 6 en 2 H 2 O, Cu 5 (CN) 6 en 2 und Cu 3 (CN) 4 (H 2 O) 5 werden untersucht. Durch Vergleich der Spektren mit den Ergebnissen einer Röntgen-Strukturanalyse der ersten drei Komplexe wird die Bindungsmöglichkeit der Cyanidgruppe und die Art der Koordination des ein- und zweiwertigen Kupfers in den untersuchten Komplexen unbekannter Struktur diskutiert.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19754170307
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    Zur Konstitution des neuen Silicatanions [Si10O25]10- (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 418 (1975), S. 35-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Constitution of the New Silicate Anion [Si10O25]10-A novel silicate-type, consisting of the double-five ring anions [Si10O25]10-, has been identified in crystalline silicate mixtures, in the systems N(n-C4H9)4OH—SiO2—H2O and N(i-C5H11)4OH—SiO2—H2O. The corresponding trimethylsilylester [(CH3)3Si]10[Si10O25] has been synthesized; its properties are communicated.
    Notes: In den Systemen N(n-C4H9)OH—SiO2—H2O und N(i-C5H11)4OH—SiO2—H2O wurde in kristallinen Silicatgemischen ein neuer, bisher unbekannter Silicatanionentyp nachgewiesen, der aus Doppelfünfringsilicatanionen der Formel [Si10O25]10- aufgebaut ist. Der entsprechende Trimethylsilylester [(CH3)3Si]10[Si10O25] wurde synthetisiert, seine Eigenschaften werden mitgeteilt.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19754180105
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    Chemie der Phosphorfluoride. XL. Über Phosphazene vom Typ RF2P=N—PF2 und ihre TetracarbonylmolybdänkomplexeProfessor Fritz Seel zum 60. Geburtstage am 21. September 1975 gewidmet (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 416 (1975), S. 289-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Chemistry of Phosphorus Fluorides. XL. Phosphazenes of the Type RF2P=N—PF2 and their Tetracarbonvlmolybdenum ComplexesReaction of Fluorophosphorances, RPF4 (R = F, Ph), with bis(trimethylsilyl)-aminodifluorophosphine, (Me3Si)2N · PF2, gives rise to cleavage of the Si-N bond in the latter and phosphazenes of the type, RF2P=N—PF2, are formed. Displacement of the coordinated cycloolefin with formation of cis-(RF2P=N—PF2)2Mo(CO)4 occurs upon reaction of C7H8Mo(CO)4 (C7H8 = bicycloheptadiene) with RF2P=N—PF2. A complex, cis-[(Me3Si)2N · PF2]2Mo(CO)4 has also been obtained. Characterization of the compounds was by i.r., mass, 19F, and 31P n.m.r. spectroscopy.
    Notes: Durch Reaktion von Fluorphosphoranen RPF4 (R = F, C6H5) mit Bis(trimethylsilyl)aminodifluorphosphin, (Me3Si)2NPF2, erhält man unter Si—N-Bindungsspaltung Phosphazene vom Typ RF2P=N-PF2. Zu disubstituierten Tetracarbonylmolybdänkomplexen (RF2P=N—PF2)2Mo(CO)4 gelangt man durch Verdrängung des Cycloolefins aus C7H8Mo(CO)4 (C7H8 = Bicycloheptadien) mittels RF2P=N—PF2. (Me3Si)2NPF2 bildet ebenfalls einen Komplex [(Me3Si)2NPF2]2Mo(CO)4. Die genannten Verbindungen werden durch IR-, Massen-, 19F- und 31P-NMR-Spektren charakterisiert.
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    Masthead (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 417 (1975) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19754170101
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    Die Bildung von Tetrαchlorocobaltat in Abhängigkeit vom LösungsmittelProfessor Fritz Seel zum 60. Geburtstage am 21. September 1975 gewidmet (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 416 (1975), S. 323-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Formation of Tetrachloro Cobaltate in Dependence of the SolventThe individual complex formation constants and thermodynamic data for the reaction \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm[CoCl}_{\rm 3} {\rm L]}^ - + {\rm Cl^ -} = [{\rm CoCl}_{\rm 4}]^{2 - } + {\rm L} $$\end{document} have been determined spectrophotometrically at different temperatures and ionic strengths in the following solvents (L): nitromethane, benzonitrile, acetonitrile, acetone, dimethylformamide, and dimethylacetamide. For solutions of tetrabutylammonium salts activities have been calculated up to total electrolyte concentrations of ≍ 10-1 mol/liter. The molar absorptivities for both the tri- and the tetrachlorocomplex depend on the solvent; the free enthalpies are related to the solvent donicities.
    Notes: Die individuellen Komplexbildungskonstanten und die thermodynamischen Daten der letzten Stufe der Bildung von Tetrachlorokobaltat(II) \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm[CoCl}_{\rm 3} {\rm L]}^ - + {\rm Cl^ -} = [{\rm CoCl}_{\rm 4}]^{2 - } + {\rm L} $$\end{document} wurden spektrophotometrisch bei verschiedenen Temperaturen und Ionenstärken in folgenden Lösungsmitteln (L) bestimmt: Nitromethan, Benzonitril, Acetonitril, Aceton, Dimethylformamid und Dimethylacetamid. Bei Verwendung von Tetrabutylammoniumsalzen ist die Berechnung der Aktivitäten in den untersuchten Lösungsmitteln bis zu Gesamtelektrolytkonzentrationen von etwa 0,1 mol/l möglich. Die Extinktionskoeffizienten für die Tri- und Tetrachlorokomplexformen sind vom Lösungsmittel abhängig; die freien Reaktionsenthalpien stehen im Zusammenhang mit der Donizität der Lösungsmittel.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19754160318
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    Schwingungsspektren und Normalkoordinatenanalyse von (CF3)2PX und (CF3)2AsX (X = F, Cl, Br, J)Professor Hellmut Hartmann zum 80. Geburtstage am 20. August 1975 gewidmet (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 418 (1975), S. 149-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Vibrational Spectra and Normal Coordinate Analysis of (CF3)2PX and (CF3)2AsX (X = F, Cl, Br, I)Gas phase i. r. spectra and liquid-phase Raman spectra of (CF3)2AsX are reported. The i. r. investigation of the corresponding phosphorus compounds is complited. The spectra of both the phosphorus and the arsenic compounds were assigned on the basis of a normal coordinate analysis using a transferred force field.
    Notes: Die IR-Gasspektren und Raman-Flüssigkeitsspektren von (CF3)2AsX wurden aufgenommen; die IR-Untersuchung von (CF3)2PX wurde durch die Registrierung der IR-Spektren im Bereich von 200-400 cm-1 vervollständigt. Die Zuordnung für die untersucht en Phosphane und Arsane wird durch eine Normalkoordinatenanalyse auf der Basis eines MVFF gestützt.
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    Masthead (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 418 (1975) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19754180301
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    Über einige Substitutionsreaktionen am trimeren ThioformaldehydProfessor Carl Mahr zum 75. Geburtstage am 22. Dezember 1975 gewidmet. (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 418 (1975), S. 208-216 
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    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Some Substitution Reactions of Trimeric ThioformaldehydeTreatment of s-trithiane with n-butyllithium results in the formation of lithium salts of carbenium ions. Their reactions with the halo-functional compounds lead to mono- or multi-substituted trithianes besides lithium chloride.
    Notes: Die Behandlung von s-Trithian mit n-Butyllithium führt zu Lithiumsalzen von Carbanionen. Bei der Umsetzung mit den halogenfunktionellen Verbindungen CH3J. (CH3)3SiCl, (CH3)3GeCl, (CH3)3SnCl und (CH3)2SiCl2 reagieren diese unter Abspaltung von LiCl zu ein- oder mehrfach substituierten s-Trithianen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19754180303
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    P2J3 - ein neuartiger KomplexligandProfessor Carl Mahr zum 75. Geburtstage am 22. Dezember 1975 gewidmet. (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 418 (1975), S. 243-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: P2J3 - a New Complex LigandP2J4 and Na2Cr(CO)5 react in benzene to the monomeric diamagnetic complex (CO)4CrP2J3. The 31P-nmr spectrum shows the presence of different bonded phosphorus atoms. The exchange of one iodine atom between the P atoms leads to a temperature dependent equilibrium with a symmetrical transition state. Triphenyl- and tricyclohexylphosphine react with (CO)4CrP2J3 to (CO)4CrPJ2 · P(C6H5)3 resp. (CO)4CrPJ2 · P(C6H11)3, probably of dimeric nature.
    Notes: P2J4 und Na2Cr(CO)5 reagieren in Benzol zu dem monomeren, diamagnetischen Komplex (CO)4CrP2J3. Das 31P-NMR-Spektrum zeigt die Anwesenheit unterschiedlich gebundener Phosphoratome. Der Austausch eines Jodatoms zwischen den P-Atomen führt zu einem temperaturabhängigen Gleichgewicht, in dem ein symmetrischer Übergangszustand auftritt. Triphenyl- und Tricyclohexylphosphin reagieren mit (CO)4CrP2J3 zu (CO)4 · P(C6H5)3 bzw. (CO)4 CrPJ2 · P(C6H11)3, wahrscheinlich dimerer Natur.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19754180307
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  • 81
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    The thermal expansion and high temperature transformation of GeSe (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 411 (1975), S. 90-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Die thermische Ausdehnung und die Hochtemperaturumwandlung des GeSeDie thermische Ausdehnung des GeSe wurde röntgenographisch mittels einer 190 mm Unicam Hochtemperaturkamera von Zimmertemperatur bis zum Schmelzpunkt von 670 ± 5°C untersucht. Die thermische Ausdehnung der kristallographischen Achsen ist linear mit einer betonten Änderung der Ausdehnungskoeffizienten aller Achsen oberhalb 400°C. Die relativen Änderungen der Achsen deuten an, daß sich die Struktur mit zunehmender Temperatur kubischer Symmetrie nähert. Die Umwandlung des GeSe von der rhombischen zur NaCl-Struktur erfolgt bei einer Temperatur von 651 ± 5°C. Die Gitterkonstante des kubischen GeSe ist a0 = 5,730 ± 0,003 Å bei der Temperatur 656°C. Die kubische Modifikation des GeSe ist bis zum Schmelzpunkt stabil.
    Notes: The thermal expansion of GeSe has been studied above room temperature up to the melting point of 670 ± 5°C by X-ray diffraction techniques using a 190 mm Unicam high temperature camera. The thermal expansion of the crystallographic axes is linear with a distinct change of the expansion coeffients for all axes above 400°C. The relative changes of the axes indicate a rearrangement of the structure towards cubic symmetry with increasing temperature. The transformation of GeSe from the orthorhombic to a normal NaCl-type structure is observed at 651 ± 5°C. The lattice parameter of the cubic form of GeSe is a0 = 5.730 ± 0.003 Å at 656°C. The GeSe lattice remains cubic up to the melting point.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19754110110
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  • 82
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    Metallkomplexe mit anionischen Liganden von Elementen der 4. Hauptgruppe. VII. Über das Substitutionsverhalten von Carbonylnitrosyl-und Nitrosyltrifluorphosphin-Übergangsmetallkomplexen gegenüber Trichlorstannid-Ionen (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 411 (1975), S. 54-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Metal Complexes with Anionic Ligands of Elements of the Main Group IV. VII(1) Substitution Reactions of Carbonylnitrosyl and Nitrosyltrifluorophosphine Transition Metal Complexes with TrichlorostannidL-substitution by [SnCl3]- occurs if the nitrosyl complexes Co(NO)L3 and Fe(NO)2L2 (L = CO or PF3) are reacted with [N(C2H5)4][SnCl3] thermically in tetrahydrofuran as well as photochemically induced in methylenechloride. The complexes Co(NO)L3 yield the mono-substitution products [N(C2H5)4][Co(NO)L2SnCl3], with the iron compounds Fe(NO)2L2 only the disubstituted derivative [N(C2H5)4]2[Fe(NO)2(SnCl3)2] can be isolated. On the other hand CO substitution at (π-C5H5)Mo(NO)(CO)2 by UV irradiation did not suceed both with [SnCl3]- and with PF3. From the IR-spectroscopic data a leastly with PCl3 comparable π-acceptor ability is derived for the trichlorostannido ligand.
    Notes: Die Nitrosylkomplexe Co(NO)L3 und Fe(NO)2L2 (L = CO bzw. PF3) gehen sowohl unter thermischen Bedingungen in Tetrahydrofuran wie auch photochemisch induziert in Methylenchlorid mit [N(C2H5)4][SnCl3] L/SnCl3--Substitutionsreaktionen ein. Ausgehend von Co(NO)L3 erhält man die Tetraäthylammoniumsalze der Nitrosyltrichlorstannido-metallat-Komplexe [Co(NO)L2(SnCl3)]-. Bei Fe(NO)2L2 läuft die Reaktion stets zum allein isolierbaren [N(C2H5)4]2[Fe(NO)2(SnCl3)2] durch. Hingegen geht (π-C5H5)Mo(NO)(CO)2 weder mit [SnCl3]- noch mit PF3 unter UV-Bedingungen einen CO-Austausch ein. Aus den IR-spektroskopischen Daten wird für den Trichlorstannido-Liganden ein zumindest mit dem PCl3 vergleichbares π-Akzeptorvermögen abgeleitet.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19754110107
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  • 83
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    RAMAN Spectra of Peroxides (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 411 (1975), S. 97-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: RAMAN-Spektren von PeroxidenDie RAMAN-Spektren von polykristallinen Proben der Peroxide Li2O2, Na2O2, K2O2, Rb2O2, MgO2, CaO2, SrO2, BaO2, ZnO2 und CdO2 wurden gemessen. Die Sauerstoffvalenzschwingung wird im erwarteten Frequenzbereich von 750-850 cm-1 gefunden. Eine schwache Bande bei 815 cm-1 macht die Existenz von BeO2 wahrscheinlich. Die unterschiedlichen Frequenzverschiebungen in den Hydraten der Alkali- und Erdalkali-Peroxide werden gedeutet.
    Notes: The RAMAN spectra of solid polycristalline samples of peroxides of alkali metals, alkaline earths, and two group II transition metals have been measured. The O—O stretch vibration produces an intense band in the expected frequency region of 750 to 850 cm-1. The observation of a weak band at 815 cm-1 indicates the existence of BeO2. Frequency shifts in the hydrates of alkali and alkaline earth peroxides support different water association.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19754110202
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  • 84
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    2-Bis(carboxymethyl)-amino-5-hydroxy-terephthalsäure als ambifunktioneller Ligand in Eisen(III)-Komplexen (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 412 (1975), S. 227-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: 2-Bis(carboxymethyl)-amino-5-hydroxy-terephthalic Acid as an Ambifunctional Ligand in Iron(III) ComplexesFrom steric reasons the anthranilic acid -N,N-diacetic acid group and the salicylic acid group of 2-bis(carboxymethyl)-amino-5-hydroxy-terephthalic acid (H5C) cannot coordinate to the same central atom. With iron(III) H5C forms the mononuclear complex (HC)Fe(OH)2-, the central atom is fixed to the anthranilic acid N,N-diacetic acid group. In a weak acid medium (HC)Fe(OH)2- is converted into the binuclear species (HC)Fe(C)Fe(OH)4- which is of a deep red colour. In this complex the anion C5-has the function of a bridging ligand coordinating both by the anthranilic acid-N,N-diacetic acid group and by the salicylic acid group.The complex formation in the ternary system iron(III)/nitrilo triacetic acid/5-sulfo salicylic acid may be used as model for the dimerisation of the anion (HC)Fe(OH)2-.
    Notes: In der 2-Bis(carboxymethyl)-amino-5-hydroxy-terephthalsäure H5C sind eine Anthranilsäure-N,N-diessigsäure- und eine Salicylsäure-Gruppierung räumlich so angeordnet, daß eine koordinative Wechselwirkung mit dem gleichen Zentralatom nicht möglich ist. Mit Eisen(III) bildet H5C den mononuklearen Komplex (HC)Fe(OH)2-, in dem das Zentralatom in der Anthranilsäure-N,N-diessigsäure-Gruppierung gebunden ist. (HC)Fe(OH)2- geht im schwach sauren Gebiet unter Wasserabspaltung in die binukleare Species (HC)Fe(C)Fe(OH)4- über. In diesem tiefrot gefärbten Komplex fungiert als- Anion C5- als Brückenligand und koordiniert sowohl über die Anthranilsäure- als auch über die Salicylsäure-Gruppierung.Die Dimerisierung des Anions (HC)Fe(OH)2- kann durch die Komplexbildung im ternären System Eisen(III)/Nitrilotriessigsäure/5-Sulfosalicylsäure modelliert werden.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19754120306
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  • 85
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    Préparation, Proprietés Cristallographiques et Magnétiques des Phases K3XO4 (X=V, Cr, Mn) (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 412 (1975), S. 271-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Darstellung und kristallographische und magnetische Eigenschaften der Phasen K3XO4 (X=V, Cr, Mn)Die Verbindungen K3VO4, K2CrO4 und K3MnO4 treten in zwei Formen auf, isotyp mit K3Cr(O2)4 und Na2CaSiO4. Magnetische Messungen bestätigen die Oxydationsstufe +V von Chrom und Mangan.
    Abstract: Preparation and Crystallographic and Magnetic Properties of the Phases K3XO4 (X=V, Cr, Mn)The compounds K3VO4, K3CrO4 and K3MnO4 occur with two allotropic forms, which are isostructural with K3Cr(O2)4 and Na2CaSiO4. Magnetic measurements confirm the oxidation state +V for both chromium and manganese.
    Notes: Les composés K3VO4, K3CrO4 et K3MnO4 existent sous deux formes allotropiques isotypes respectivement de K3Cr(O2)4 et de Na2CaSiO4. Des mesures magnétiques confirment le degré d'oxydation +V du chrome et du manganèse.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19754120311
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  • 86
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    Formation d'Oxocomplexes du Titane(IV) à Partir de Derives “Alkoxo” (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 412 (1975), S. 281-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Oxotitanium Complexes Formation from Alkoxo DerivatesFive oxotitanium(IV) complexes with the NCS ligand = {Ti3O4(NCS)4(AA)3}, {Ti2O(NCS)2(BB)4} et M2[TiO(NCS)4}] (AA = phen, bpy; BB = acac, dbm) have been prepared and characterized in the solid state on the basis of their analytical and infrared spectral data. In all the compounds, the Ti—O stretching frequency lies at 770-630 cm-1, which is suggestive of oxygen bridges.
    Notes: Trois types d'oxodérivés du titane(IV) contenant le groupe NCS ont été isolés. De formule globale {Ti3O4(NCS)4(AA)3}, {Ti2O(NCS)2(BB)4} et M2{TiO(NCS)4} (AA = phen, bpy; BB = acac, dbm), ces composés ont été analysés par diverses méthodes physiques (conductivité, infrarouge, rayons X). La valeur de la fréquence vTiO indique que, dans tous les cas, l'oxygène intervient dans la formation de pont.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19754120312
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    Masthead (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 412 (1975) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19754120301
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  • 88
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    Optische Untersuchungen an bestrahlten Phosphaten (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 412 (1975), S. 215-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Optical Studies of Radiation Processes in Phosphate GlassesIn the system alkaline oxide/alkaline earth oxide/Tl2O/P2O5 a stable glass has been found which shows an optimal effect on radiation. An interpretation of absorption bands after radiation and of the course of radiation chemical processes of thallium is given by UV-VIS-spectroscopy in dependence of composition (including electron-donors and -acceptors), radiation dosis, atmosphere, by studying optical and thermal bleaching, by fluorescence and thermoluminescence spectroscopy.
    Notes: Optimierungsverfahren innerhalb des Glassystems Alkalioxid/Erdalkalioxid/Tl2O/P2O5 führten zu einer Glaszusammnsetzung, bei der unter Erhalt guter glasbildender Eigenschaften eine hohe Strahlensensibilität (hoher strahlenchemischer Effekt) besteht. Durch UV-VIS-Spektroskopie in Abhängigkeit von der Zusammensetzung (auch unter Zugabe von Elektronendonatoren und -akzeptoren), Strahlendosis, Schmelzatomsphäre, durch das Verhalten der Gläser beim optischen bzw. thermischen Bleichen, durch Aufnahme von Fluoreszenz- und Thermolumineszenzspektren wurden Bandenzuordnungen getroffen und Aussagen über den Ablauf der strahlenchemischen Reaktionen des Thalliums gemacht.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19754120305
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  • 89
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    Der chemische Transport von Cu, Ag, Au, Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt unter Mitwirkung von Gaskomplexen. Al2Cl6, Fe2Cl6 oder Al2J6 als Komplexbildner (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 414 (1975), S. 137-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The Chemical Transport of Cu, Ag, Au, Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt in the Presence of Al2Cl6, Fe2Cl6 or Al2I6, Causing Complex FormationChemical transport experiments show, that the title elements (with exception of Os) in the presence of halide forming agents (HCl, Cl2 or I2 resp.) and of complex forming agents (Al2Cl6, Fe2Cl6 or Al2I6 resp.) give gaseous complex compounds with a remarkable stability. This leads to novel possibilities for the chemical transport of the elements and their compounds. The effect of complex formation can be predicted on the basis of qualitative thermodynamic considerations.The corrosion of the wall of the quartz ampoule at temperatures above 600°C by Al2Cl6/AlCl3 is avoidable by the usage of Fe2Cl6/FeCl3 instead of Al2Cl6/AlCl3.Experiments in the system Pd/I2, Al2I6 lead to the formation of crystals of Pd2Al.
    Notes: Chemische Transportexperimente zeigen, daß die in der Überschrift genannten Elemente (mit Ausnahme von Os) in Gegenwart von Halogenierungsmitteln (HCl, Cl2, J2) und der Komplexbildner Al2Cl6, Fe2Cl6 oder Al2J6 recht stabile gasförmige Komplexverbindungen bilden. Damit ergeben sich neue Möglichkeiten zum chemischen Transport der genannten Elemente und ihrer Verbindungen. Die Wirkung der Komplexbildner läßt sich auf Grund qualitativer thermodynamischer Überlegungen voraussehen.Der Angriff der Wand der Quarzampulle oberhalb 600°C durch Al2Cl6/AlCl3 wird bei Verwendung von Fe2Cl6/FeCl3 als Komplexbildner vermieden.Transportexperimente im System Pd/J2, Al2J6 führen zur Bildung von Pd2Al-Kristallen.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19754140205
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  • 90
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    Darstellung und Kristallstruktur von KSbS2 (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 414 (1975), S. 211-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation and Crystal Structure of KSbS2Red KSbS2 was prepared in a aqueous solution of KHS and Sb2S3 under mild hydrothermal conditions. For crystallographic data see „Inhaltsübersicht“. There are SbS2--chains, built up by ψ-trigonal bipyramids, which are connected by sharing edges. The K+-Ions between these chains have a nearly octaedric coordination.
    Notes: Rotes KSbS2 wurde aus wässerigen Lösungen von KHS und Sb2S3 unter milden hydrothermalen Bedingungen dargestellt und strukturell untersucht. Die kristallographischen Daten sind: monoklin, Raumgruppe C2/c—C2h6 a = 8,75 ± 0,01 Å, b = 8,98 ± 0,01 Å, c = 6,84 ± 0,01 Å β = 121,6° ± 0,1 4 Formeleinheiten in der Elementarzelle. Nach der vollständigen röntgenographischen Strukturaufklärung liegen SbS2--Kettenanionen vor, die aus über Kanten verknüpften ψ-trigonalen Bipyramiden aufgebaut sind. Zwischen diesen Ketten sitzen die Kaliumionen mit einer nahezu oktaedrischen Koordination.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19754140304
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    Synthese von Phosphorsäureesterchloriden, Phosphinsäurechloriden, Diphosphorsäuretetraestern und Phosphinsäureanhydriden durch gemeinsame Einwirkung von Triphenylphosphin/Tetrachlorkohlenstoff auf Phosphorsäureester und Phosphinsäuren (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 414 (1975), S. 236-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis of Phosphoric Acid Ester Chlorides, Phosphinic Acid Chlorides, Diphosphoric Acid Tetraesters, and Phosphinic Acid Anhydrides by Action of the System Triphenylphosphine/Carbon Tetrachloride on Phosphoric Acid Esters and Phosphinic AcidsPhosphoric acid mono- and diesters and phosphinic acids react with triphenylphosphine/carbon tetrachloride to acid chlorides or corresponding acid anhydrides. In presence of triethylamine only acid anhydrides can be obtained.
    Notes: Phosphorsäurehalbester und Phosphinsäuren reagieren mit dem Reagenz Triphenylphosphin/Tetrachlorkohlenstoff teilweise zu Säurechloriden, teils auch zu den betreffenden Säureanhydriden. In Gegenwart von Triäthylamin erfolgt stets die Bildung von Säureanhydriden.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19754140307
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  • 92
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    The Constitution of Niobium(IV) Chloride Vapour (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 414 (1975), S. 284-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Konstitution des Niob(IV)-chlorid-DampfesDurch Vergleich der Diffusionskoeffizienten der Gaspaare NbCl4/NbCl5 und ZrCl4/NbCl5 ergibt sich, daß NbCl4-Dampf bei 618 ± 6 K dimer ist.
    Notes: It is shown by comparison of the diffusion coefficients of the gas pairs NbCl4/NbCl5 and ZrCl4/NbCl5 that niobium(IV) chloride vapour is dimeric at 618 ± 6 K.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19754140313
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  • 93
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    (CF3)2PAsH2 und (CF3)2AsAsH2Vorbericht: Z. anorg. allg. Chem. 410, 321 (1974). (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 414 (1975), S. 269-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: (CF3)2PAsH2 and (CF3)2AsAsH2(CF3)2PAsH2 is obtained in yields between 30 and 60% according to eq. (1) (CF3)2AsAsH2 is formed by the analogous reaction with (CF3)2AsI, but is not sufficiently stable to be isolated. Both compounds are decomposed according to eq. (2) (CF3)2PAsH2 can be studied in solution below -40°C; it is characterized by molar mass determination and by its n.m.r. spectra (1H, 19F, 31P). Reactions with polar [HBr, (CH3)2AsH, (CH3)2PN(CH3)2] and nonpolar [Br2, As2(CH3)4] reagents proceed by cleavage of the P—As bond.
    Notes: (CF3)2PAsH2 wird nach Gl. (1) in Ausbeuten zwischen 30 und 60% erhalten. (CF3)2AsAsH2 entsteht in der analogen Reaktion mit (CF3)2AsJ, ist aber für eine Isolierung in Substanz thermisch nicht ausreichend stabil. Beide Verbindungen zerfallen quantitativ nach Gl. (2) (CF3)2PAsH2 kann in Lösung unterhalb -40°C genauer untersucht werden; es wird durch Bestimmung der Molmasse und durch KMR-Spektren (1H, 19F, 31P) charakterisiert. Reaktionen mit polaren [HBr, HAs(CH3)2, (CH3)2PN(CH3)2] und unpolaren [Br2, As2(CH3)4] Partnern verlaufen unter Spaltung der P—As-Bindung.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19754140311
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    Neue Hexafluoromolybdate(III). Cs2MMoF6, Rb2MMoF6, TI2MMoF6 (M = K, Na) und Cs2TIMof6. Mit einer Notiz über MoF3Professor Fritz Seel zum 60. Geburtstage am 21. September 1975 gewidmet (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 416 (1975), S. 240-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Novel Hexafluoromolybdates(III): Cs2MMoF6, Rb2MMoF6, TI2MMoF6 (M = K, Na), and Cs2TIMoF6. With a Notice on MoF3MoF3, light yellow, hexag., a = b = 5.21, c = 14.41 Å, pure prepared by a new method, forms at higher temperatures with the corresponding Fluorides AF the hitherto unknown compounds Cs2KMoF6 (a = 9.20 Å), Cs2TlMoF6 (a = 9.392 Å). Rb2KMoF6 (a = 8.911 Å), Rb2NaMoF6 (a = 8.632 Å), Tl2KMoF6 (a = 8,977 Å), Tl2NaMoF6 (a = 8.649 Å) and K2NaMoF6 (a = 8.501 Å), all cubic Elpasolithes and all light yellow. The magnetic properties of MoF3 (100.4-295.2 K) and Tl2NaMoF6 (81.4-251.3 K) are investigated. The spectra of reflection were measured (15000-36000 cm-1). The Madelung Part of Lattice Energy, MAPLE, is calculated and discussed.
    Notes: MoF3, hellgelb, hexag. a = b = 5,21, c = 14,41 Å, nach einem neuen Verfahren rein dargestellt, bildet beim Erhitzen mit entsprechenden Fluoriden AF die neuen Verbindungen Cs2KMoF6 (a = 9,21,0 Å), Cs2TIMoF6 (a = 9,393 Å), Rb2KMoF6 (a = 8,911 Å), Rb2NaMoF6 (a = 8,632, Å), Tl2KMoF6 (a = 8,97, Å), TI2NaMoF6 (a = 8,649 Å) und K2NaMoF6(a = 8,501 Å), alle hellgelb und kubische Elpasolith-Vertreter. Das magnetische Verhalten von MoF3 (100,4 bis 295,2 K) und TI2NaMoF6 (81,4 bis 251,3 K) und das Reflexionsspektrum von MoF3wurden gemessen (15000 bis 32000 cm-1). Der Madelunganteil der Gitterenergie, MAPLE, wird berechnet und diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19754160307
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    Darstellung und Isolierung gemischter Cyanothiocyanatochromate(III) (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 417 (1975), S. 47-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation and Isolation of Mixed Cyanothiocyanatochromates(III)The potassiumcyanothiocyanatochromates(III) are formed by stereospecific reaction. The reaction of K3[Cr(NCS)6] and KCN gives the trans series, whereas K3[Cr(CN)6] and KSCN react to the pure cis 3:3 complex (in presence of exceeding SCN-). The complexes are isolated by preparative column chromatography (alumina, acetonitrile).
    Notes: Kaliumcyanothiocyanatochromate(III) erhält man durch stereospezifische Reaktion. K3[Cr(NCS)6] und KCN ergeben die trans-Reihe, K3[Cr(CN)6] und KSCN den reinen 3:3-Komplex (bei Überschuß an SCN-). Die präparative Isolierung der Komplexe erfolgt mittels Säulenchromatographie an Aluminiumoxid in Acetonitril.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19754170108
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    Präparative, röntgenographische und 1 H-Breitlinienresonanzuntersuchungen an Germylalkaliverbindungen, GeH 3 MProfessor Helmut Behrens zum 60. Geburtstage am 30. Mai 1975 gewidmet (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 417 (1975), S. 221-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation, X-Ray and 1 H-Wide-Line-Resonance Studies of Alkali Germyl Compounds, GeH 3 MThe alkali germyls GeH 3 M (M = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs) have been prepared from germane and the corresponding alkali metals. GeH 3 K, GeH 3 Rb and GeH 3 Cs could be obtained as crystalline solids. It has been shown from X-ray single-crystal studies that GeH 3 Cs has a structure of the TlI-type with the unusual coordination number 7. 1 H-wide-line-resonance investigations show that the rotations of the germyl groups are frozen in at low temperatures. From the observed 2. moment of the fixed germyl groups a H—Ge—H valence augle of 92.5±4°has been determined.
    Notes: Die Alkaligermyle GeH 3 M (M = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs) wurden aus German und den betreffenden Alkalimetallen dargestellt. In kristalliner Form konnten GeH 3 K, GeH 3 Rb und GeH 3 Cs erhalten werden. Nach röntgenographischen Einkristalluntersuchungen sind GeH 3 K und GeH 3 Rb mit NaCl und den entsprechenden Alkalisilylen isotyp. GeH 3 Cs kristallisiert im TlITyp mit der seltenen Koordinationszahl 7. 1 H-Breitlinienresonanz-Messungen zeigen, daß die Bewegungen der Germylgruppen bei tiefen Temperaturen einfrieren. Aus dem gemessenen 2. Moment der fixierten Germylgruppen konnte der H—Ge—H-Valenzwinkel zu 92,5±4° ermittelt werden.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19754170306
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    Masthead (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 418 (1975) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19754180101
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  • 98
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    Über Oberflächenverbindungen von Übergangsmetallen. XI. Darstellung und Eigenschaften von Koordinativ ungesättigten Mangan(II)-Oberflächenverbindungen (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 418 (1975), S. 1-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On Surface Compounds of Transition Metals. XI. Preparation and Properties of Coordinatively Unsaturated Manganese(II) Surface CompoundsFormation of coordinatively unsaturated MnII surface compounds on various silica gels was studied in the concentration range of 1-10 wt.-% Mn per support. Applying simultaneously the criteria of maximum O2 adsorption and minimum olefin polymerisation tendency, optimized products were obtained in large quantities from aqueous impregnations with manganese(II)nitrate, followed by “activation” with oxygen at 250°C (formation of surface MnIV) and subsequent reduction with CO at 350°C (formation of surface MnII). The optimized substances having 4-7 wt.-% Mn content exhibit extreme sensitivity towards O2 at ambient conditions and have an instantaneous minimum O2 adsorption capacity of 2,5 mg/g contact. The effluent had an O2 content lower than 0,05 ppm (measurable range). Regeneration is possible with a certain loss of capacity.Olefins gave no low molecular weight oligomerization products and only very slight Polymerization was noted in long term (room temperature) recirculation experiments. After 8 months at 40 atm ethylene the sample was still active in O2 adsorption although some ethylene polymerization had occured. The preparate can be used therefore to secure virtually O2 (and H2O) free olefins in general, including conditions employed in Phillips type polymerizations.
    Notes: Die Bildung von koordinativ ungesättigten MnII-Oberflächenverbindungen auf verschiedenen Silicagelen wurde im Bereich von 1-10% Mn untersucht. Unter dem Gesichtspunkt maximaler O2-Adsorptionsfähigkeit bei minimaler Polymerisationsaktivität (gegen C2H4) optimierte Produkte konnten durch Dotierung der Gele mit Mangannitrat in H2O, „Aktivierung“ in O2-Atmosphäre bei 250°C (Bildung von Oberflächen-MnIV) und folgende Reduktion mit CO bei 350°C (Bildung von Oberflächen-MnII) in großen Chargen dargestellt werden. Die Substanzen (Mn-Gehalt 4-7%) sind bei Raumtemperatur extrem sauerstoffempfindlich (Rest-O2 in Gasen unter 0,05 ppm (Nachweisgrenze); Kapazität mindestens 2,5 mg O2/g Kontakt). Regenerierung ist möglich, jedoch von Kapazitätsverminderung begleitet.Bei der Entfernung von O2 aus Olefinen werden keine niedermolekularen Oligomerisationsprodukte beobachtet; Polyolefinbildung tritt bei 20°C auch nach langer Reaktionszeit nur in geringem Ausmaß ein: die O2-Empfindlichkeit des Kontakts bleibt bei 40 atm Äthylendruck 8 Monate unvermindert. - Die hergestellten Produkte können somit zur praktisch vollständigen Entfernung von O2 (und H2O) aus Olefinen verwendet werden, besonders auch unter den Bedingungen der technischen (Phillips-)Polyäthylen-Synthese.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19754180102
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    Triphenylphosphan-Komplexe des Nickel(O) mit Stickstoffheterocyclen als Zweitliganden (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 418 (1975), S. 45-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Triphenyl Phosphine Complexes of Nickel(O) Containing Nitrogen Heterocycles as Second LigandsThe mixed ligand complex (dipy)Ni(Ph3)2 is formed by the reaction of nickel(II) 1,3-diketonates, diethyl aluminium ethoxide, triphenyl phosphine, and α,α′-Dipyridyl or of (Ph3P)2Ni(C2H4) and α,α′-Dipyridyl. The second reaction is generally practicable and may be used to synthesize complexes of the types (Ph3P)2Ni(N∩N) (N∩N bidentate nitrogen ligand) and (Ph3P)2Ni(N∩P) (N∩P tertiary phosphane substituted by a pyridyl residue). In the case of the interaction with bulky N∩N-ligands both ethylene and triphenyl phosphine are substituted, and complexes of the type Ni(N∩N)2 are formed.Reaction mechanisms, 1H-nmr spectra and physical properties of the new complexes are discussed.
    Notes: Der Gemischtligandkomplex (dipy)Ni(Ph3)2 entsteht im Zuge einer Eintopfreaktion aus Nickel(II)-1,3-diketonaten, Diäthylaluminiumäthoxid, Triphenylphosphan und α,α′-Dipyridyl oder aus (Ph3P)2Ni(C2H4) und α,α′-Dipyridyl. Die letztgenannte Reaktion ist verallgemeinerungsfähig und kann zur Synthese von Komplexen der Typen (Ph3P)2Ni(N∩N) (N∩N zweizähiger Stickstoffligand) und (Ph3P)2Ni(N∩P) (N∩P phosphansubstituiertes Pyridin) genutzt werden. Im Falle der Umsetzung mit voluminösen N∩N-Liganden werden sowohl Äthylen als auch Triphenylphosphan substituiert, und es entstehen Komplexe des Typs Ni(N∩N)2.Bildungsmechanismus, 1H-NMR-Spektren und physikalische Eigenschaften der neu dargestellten Komplexe werden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19754180106
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    Umsilylierungsreaktionen mit Di-tert-butyl(trimethylsilyl)phosphinProfessor Carl Mahr zum 75. Geburtstage am 22. Dezember 1975 gewidmet. (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 418 (1975), S. 259-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Transsilylation Reaction with Di-tert-butyl(trimethylsilyl)phosphineDi-tert-butyl(trimethylsilyl)phosphine reacts with Dichlordimethylsilane, Trichlor(methyl)silane and silicon tetrachloride with elimination of Chlortrimethylsilane and formation of the new Silylphosphines [( CH3)3C]2PSi(CH3)3-nCln (n = 1, 2, 3). Only the compounds with n = 2 and 3 can be isolated in a pure state. The ir, raman, 1H-n.m.r. and 31P-n.m.r. spectroscopic data of the new compounds are discussed.
    Notes: Di-tert-butyl(trimethylsilyl)phosphin reagiert mit Dichlordimethylsilan, Trichlor(methyl)silan sowie mit Siliciumtetrachlorid unter Freisetzung von Chlortrimethylsilan und Bildung der neuen Silylphosphine [(CH3)3C]2PSi(CH3)3-nCln (n = 1, 2, 3), wobei nur die Derivate mit n = 2 und 3 rein isoliert werden können. Die IR-, Raman-, 1H-NMR- und 31P-NMR- spektroskopischen Daten der neuen Verbindungen werden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19754180309
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