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  • 1995-1999  (306)
  • 1920-1924
  • 1900-1904
  • 1996  (125)
  • 1995  (181)
  • Immunohistochemistry
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The impact of osteonectin for differential diagnosis of osteogenic bone tumors: an immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization approach (1996)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 25 (1996), S. 13-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Osteonectin ; Osteosarcoma ; In situ hybridization ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Thirty-three osteosarcomas at various grades of histologic differentiation, including chondroblastic, osteoblastic, and fibroblastic variants, were investigated immunohistochemically for evidence of osteonectin. Twenty-two cases of varying types of osteosarcoma were examined with in situ hybridization for mRNA expression of osteonectin. Immunohistochemically, osteonectin was present in all the osteosarcomas in this study. With in situ hybridization, 12 out of 22 osteosarcomas showed a positive signal. Two osteochondrosarcomas, seven chondrosarcomas, and one mesenchymal chondrosarcoma were also studied with regard to the localization of osteonectin, either immunohistochemically or by in situ hybridization. Immunohistochemically, osteonectin was present in all the chondroid lesions except for one osteochondroma. However, in situ hybridization of osteonectin mRNA was negative in all the chondroid lesions we studied. This study revealed that immunohistochemical localization of osteonectin is not useful in providing conclusive diagnosis of osteosarcoma. In situ hybridization of osteonectin mRNA might be useful in differentiating osteosarcoma from nonosteogenic bone tumors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050025
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ewing’s sarcoma of the sacrum (1996)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 25 (1996), S. 302-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Ewing’s sarcoma ; Sacrum ; Lytic lesion ; CT-guided needle biopsy ; Cytology ; Immunohistochemistry ; PAS ; NSE ; O13
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A lytic lesion with soft-tissue extension in the sacrum of a 47-year-old man was needle-biopsied under computed tomographic (CT) guidance using an 18-gauge cutting needle. The cytologic appearance of the lesion and immunohistochemical staining were diagnostic of Ewing’s sarcoma. Specifically, a new marker (O13) for the presence of glycoprotein p30/32 mic2 in Ewing’s sarcoma was utilized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050085
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of benign and malignant endometrial lesions for their p53 state, using immunohistochemistry and temperature-gradient gel electrophoresis (1996)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 428 (1996), S. 47-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: p53 ; Endometrioid carcinoma ; Endometrial hyperplasia ; Temperature-gradient gel electrophoresis ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence and distribution of p53 alterations in pure endometrioid adenocarcinomas (n=120) of different grades and stages, as opposed to normal endometrium (n=13) and various risk groups of hyperplasia (n=39). All samples were initially analysed by immunohistochemistry with the monoclonal antibody Ab-6. Normal endometria were negative. With increasing degrees of malignancy, the number of cases with p53 accumulation rose and ranged from 9% to 18% in hyperplasia, through 25% in lowgrade carcinomas (G1), to 69% in high-grade carcinomas (G3). This increase was also seen when comparing tumours by stage. Of carcinomas in stage IA, only 17% showed p53 immunostaining, in contrast with 72% in stage IC. Of this material, 34 carcinomas and 8 hyperplasias were analysed for p53 mutations in exons 5–8 by means of polymerase chain reaction and temperature-gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE). In none of 5 hyperplasia and 6 of 12 carcinomas showing p53 accumulation by immunohistochemistry, p53 mutations were detected by TGGE. In contrast, 4 of 22 carcinomas harboured mutant p53 but were negative by immunohistochemistry. Immunohistochemical and molecular investigations revealed that p53 alterations are related to the standard prognostic markers of endometrial cancer, i.e. grading and staging. TGGE, an indirect screening procedure for p53 mutations, is used to detect the type of p53 alteration and may provide additional insight into the complex figure of p53 abnormalities in the development and progression of malignant endometrial lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192926
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of the prognostic significance of nm23/NDP kinase and cathepsin D in anal carcinomas (1996)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 428 (1996), S. 85-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Nm23/NDP kinase ; Cathepsin D ; Immunohistochemistry ; Anal carcinoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Reduced expression of nm23/NDP kinase and increased expression of cathepsin D seem to be correlated with a high metastatic potential for a variety of malignancies. Nm23/NDP kinase and cathepsin D have been correlated with several clinical variables, including survival in 96 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal. Immunohistochemical methods were used on paraffin-embedded biopsies. Seventy-six (79%) anal carcinomas were nm23/NDP kinase positive, whereas 35 (36%) and 28 (29%) of the cases were cathepsin D positive in tumour cells and stromal cells, respectively. We have found no indication that the extent of cathepsin D staining has any prognostic significance. The overall survival of patients with tumours positive for nm23/NDP kinase in the cytoplasm was significantly shorter than that of patients with anal carcinomas negative for nm23/NDP kinase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00193935
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemistry of cyclin D3 in pulmonary carcinomas (1996)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 428 (1996), S. 159-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Cyclin D3 ; Immunohistochemistry ; Pulmonary carcinoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cyclin D3, a cell cycle regulator, is encoded in the 6q21 chromosome region. Abnormalities of this gene and its protein product have not been found in normal tissues or in malignancies from human subjects. The expression of cyclin D3 was studied immunohistochemically in archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens from normal organs obtained from three autopsy cases and 237 human primary pulmonary carcinomas. In normal organs, nuclear positivity for cyclin D3 was observed in reactive type-2 pneumocytes, islets of Langerhans, lymphocytes from lymph nodes, superficial cells of transitional epithelium, epithelium of oesophagus, stomach, small intestine and gallbladder, endothelium, smooth muscles, and brain. Proliferating cells such as lymphocytes in the germinal centres and non-proliferating cells such as neurons both demonstrated cyclin D3 immunoreactivity. Cyclin D3 showed obvious nuclear immunoreactivity in 168 pulmonary carcinomas (71%). The proportion of tumour cells that were cyclin D3-positive ranged from 1% to 73% (median, 16%). There was no relationship between cyclin D3 immunoreactivity and histological typing, tumour differentiation, or pathological TNM staging. In pulmonary carcinomas, distinct expression of the cyclin D3 protein is unlikely to be implicated in tumorigenesis, because of its expression in only a small fraction of cancer cells. It may relate to cancer progression. The distribution of cyclin D3 reactivity in the normal tissues suggests that cyclin D3 affects other processes than cell cycle regulation in a lineage-specific manner.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00200658
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Papillary adenoma of type II pneumocytes might have malignant potential (1996)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 428 (1996), S. 195-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Papillary adenoma of type II pneumocytes ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Morphometry ; Multivariate cluster analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Papillary adenoma of type II pneumocytes is a rare tumour. It is considered to be a benign neoplasm and is derived from immature cells in the bronchioloalveolar epithelium, however, its biological nature has not been elucidated. We report a case of an adenomatous tumour; a papillary adenoma of type II pneumocytes, which we regard as possessing malignant potential. Light microscopically, as well circumscribed, papillary tumour of predominantly cuboidal cells resembling type II pneumocytes was found, but Clara type and ciliated cells were also present. Immunohistochemically, the tumour cells reacted positively with antibodies to surfactant apoproteins (A, B), carcinoembryonic antigen, cytochrome P-450 1A1-2 and 2B1-2. Ultrastructurally, many osmiophilic lamellar bodies and electron-dense granules were demonstrated. Semi-serial sections revealed signs of transbronchial dissemination and vascular invasion. Morphometry using 12-dimensional cluster analysis disclosed features of the tumour cells which resembled those of pneumocyte type II adenocarcinoma. These findings suggest that the present case has some malignant characteristics and originates from immature bronchiolar or alveolar cells, with a potential to develop into both type II pneumocyte and Clara cell type adenocarcinomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00200662
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pattern of gastric endocrine cells in microcarcinoidosis — an immunohistochemical study of 14 gastric biopsies (1996)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 428 (1996), S. 237-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Gastric endocrine cells ; Microcarcinoidosis ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A total of 14 gastric biopsy specimens from patients with microcarcinoidosis were analysed by immunohistochemical methods to evaluate the pattern of endocrine cell hyperplasia and dysplasia. All the patients had type A gastritis (autoimmune gastritis). Nonantral proliferations of gastric endocrine cells were classifed according to Solcia et al. All 14 cases had hyperplasia and 13 (92.9%) of them, dysplasia of gastric endocrine cells; 9 (64.3%) of the 14 were found to have showed a coexisting invasive gastric carcinoid at the time of diagnosis of microcarcinoidosis. The patients with invasive carcinoids had higher degrees and more complex forms of endocrine dysplasia (precarcinoid lesions). The average size of the foci of the microcarcinoidosis in gastric biopsies was 0.14±0.09 cm in the patients without invasive carcinoid, as against to 0.5±0.24 cm in the group of patients with associated invasive carcinoid. Microcarcinoid gastric biopsies about 0.5 cm in size, are suggestive of adjacent invasive carcinoid. However, even frankly invasive ECL carcinoids seem to be clinically less dangerous than was thought until recently.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00196696
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hair follicle involvement in herpes zoster: pathway of viral spread from ganglia to skin (1996)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 428 (1996), S. 275-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Varicella-zoster virus ; Herpes zoster ; Immunohistochemistry ; Hair follicle ; Sebaceous gland
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Herpes zoster is caused by reactivation of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) persisting in dorsal root or trigeminal ganglia. To clarify the pathway of viral spread from the ganglia to skin, 16 biopsy specimens of early skin lesions of herpes zoster obtained from the face and trunk of 13 patients were studied histologically and immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibodies to the structural proteins of VZV. VZV-infected cells were detected in the hair follicles in 10 of the 16 specimens and in the epidermis in 2 specimens. Infected cells were localized in the isthmus of every involved follicle (12/12), frequently in the stem (8/10) and infundibulum (6/10), and never in the bulb. The high frequency of follicular involvement in herpes zoster suggests that VZV spreads to the area of skin innervated by myelinated nerves, which end around the isthmus of hair follicles and sebaceous glands.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00196701
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Different immunoreactivity of endothelial markers in well and poorly differentiated areas of angiosarcomas (1996)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 428 (1996), S. 217-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Angiosarcoma ; CD31 ; CD34 ; Factor VIII-related antigen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study evaluated the immunohistochemical staining of four endothelial cell markers in well differentiated and poorly differentiated areas of angiosarcomas. Formaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections from eight angiosarcomas were studied using the antibodies anti-factor VIII-related antigen (FVIII-RA), Ulex europaeus I agglutinin, anti-CD34 (QBEND/10) and anti-CD31 (JC70). The immunostaining of the angiomatous (well differentiated) and solid (poorly differentiated) areas was separately analysed and specificity was evaluated in 20 non-vascular tumours. The antibody anti-CD31 and Ulex europaeus were the most sensitive markers staining well differentiated vasoformative structures and poorly differentiated solid areas. Anti-FVIII-RA and anti-CD34 did not stain undifferentiated malignant endothelial cells from solid areas. Ulex europaeus and anti-CD34 showed very low specificity; in contrast, none of the non-vascular tumours expressed CD31 or FVIII-RA. JC70 (anti-CD31) appears to be the most useful marker in elucidating the vascular nature of angiosarcomas. Is important to emphasize the lack of specificity of Ulex europaeus and the low sensitivity of anti-CD34 and anti-FVIII-RA for poorly differentiated lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00196693
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical study of arginase in cancer of the stomach (1996)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 428 (1996), S. 325-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Arginase ; Gastric cancer ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract High levels of arginase have been detected in gastric adenocarcinoma. To examine the hypothesis that this is due to macrophage infiltration into the tumour, we localized the cellular distribution of arginase by immunohistochemical staining. We examined gastric adenocarcinomas and their corresponding normal tissues (n=45), leiomyomas (n=2), leiomyosarcomas (n=3), human gastric adenocarcinoma cell lines (n=3), and benign gastric ulcers (n=4) by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex technique. Macrophages with strong arginase immunoreactivity were observed infiltrating both gastric normal and cancer tissues. No arginase immunoreactivity was observed in normal mucosal gland, muscular and serosal tissues or benign gastric ulcers. The immunoreactivity of arginase was positive but heterogeneous in most specimens of gastric adenocarcinoma (62.2%) and was absent from gastric intestinal metaplasia, leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas. Among the 28 neoplasms with arginase immunoreactivity, scattered immunoreactivity was also noted in adjacent dysplastic glands in 12 (42.8%) specimens. Arginase immunoreactivity was observed in all three gastric cancer cell lines. Arginase is present in the cytoplasm but not in the nucleus. These data suggest that the high arginase levels in adenocarcinoma cancer tissues originate largely from cancer cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00202199
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of cyclin E in colorectal adenomas and adenocarcinomas: correlation with expression of Ki-67 antigen and p53 protein (1996)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 429 (1996), S. 13-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Cyclin E ; Colorectal adenoma ; Colorectal carcinoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ki-67 ; p53
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The expression of cyclin E in human colorectal adenomas and adenocarcinomas was examined immunohistochemically to elucidate the role of cyclin E in the colorectal carcinogenesis. The expression of cyclin E was detected in 25% (91/358) of the adenomas and 56% (149/267) of the adenocarcinomas. The incidence of strongly positive cases was significantly higher in the adenocarcinomas (20%) than in the adenomas (5%) (P〈0.01). Among adenomas, a significant correlation was noticed between the expression of cyclin E and the grade of atypia. The incidence of cyclin E expression was significantly higher in the adenocarcinomas without an adenoma component (62%; 104/169) than in those with this component (46%; 45/98) (P〈0.05). Furthermore, the incidence of the cyclin E expression was higher in stages 1 and 2 carcinoma than in stage 0 and stages 3 and 4 carcinoma. The expression of cyclin E was the most prominent in tumors invading the submucosa and muscularis propria. The expression of cyclin E was significantly correlated with the proliferative activity of the tumor cells measured by Ki-67 antigen expression (P〈0.01). It was also correlated with the expression of p53 protein in the tumor cells (P〈0.01). Overexpression of cyclin E and subsequent deregulation of cell cycle may contribute to the development and early progression of the colorectal carcinomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00196815
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Choriocarcinoma in situ at a first trimester (1996)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 429 (1996), S. 185-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Choriocarcinoma ; Placenta ; In situ ; Flow cytometry ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two cases of choriocarcinoma in situ arising in a first trimester placenta are reported in a 28-year-old gravida 2, para 1, Japanese woman and a 38-year-old gravida 2, para 0. Both had a dilation and curettage (D and C) for vaginal bleeding and the absence of intrauterine fetus. No macroscopic abnormalities were noted in either case. However, histologically, localized nodules of neoplastic trophoblastic proliferation measuring 5 mm in the first case, and 6 mm in the second appeared to arise directly from normal stem villi and project into the intervillous space. Both tumours were composed of biphasic cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast. Fetal elements were not observed in either case. Radiographic studies showed no metastatic lesions in either patient. Urinary human chorionic gonadotropin levels were within normal range in both patients. The first patient had a normal full-term spontaneous vaginal delivery 22 months after the D and C and was free from disease without therapy at 32 months. The second patient was free from disease without therapy with a limited follow-up. These tumours provide evidence for an origin of choriocarcinoma from trophoblast of a stem villus. This report illustrates the need to perform thorough microscopic examination of the products of conception especially in the absence of a fetus or fetal parts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192443
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential expression of CD44v6 in adenocarcinoma of the pancreas: an immunohistochemical study (1996)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 429 (1996), S. 191-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma ; CD44s ; CD44v6 ; Immunohistochemistry ; Metastasis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Alternative splicing gives rise to numerous CD44 isoforms, some of which seem to have a role in tumour metastasis. Specifically, a variant form of CD44 with sequences encoded by exon v6 (CD44v6) confers metastatic potential when transfected into a nonmetastasizing cell line of rat pancreatic adenocarcinoma. This study has investigated standard CD44 (CD44s) and CD44v6 expression immunohistochemically in 6 samples of normal pancreatic tissue, 4 of tissue affected by chronic pancreatitis, and 24 of tissue from metastasizing and nonmetastasizing pancreatic adenocarcinomas. In addition, 18 samples from lymph node or visceral metastases were included in the study. CD44s was expressed in nonneoplastic tissue and in tissue from pancreatic adenocarcinomas. In contrast, CD44v6 was not detected in any of the normal tissue or chronic pancreatitis specimens, whereas 54% of pancreatic adenocarcinomas and 55% of metastases expressed this variant exon. Although it is not clear whether CD44 isoforms containing exon v6 play a part in malignant progression in the human exocrine pancreas, it seems plausible that the expression of multiple isoforms containing this and other variant exon confers a selective advantage on pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00198333
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparative immunohistochemical study of mammary and extramammary Paget's disease and superficial spreading melanoma, with particular emphasis on melanocytic markers (1996)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 429 (1996), S. 370-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Melanocytic markers ; Paget's disease ; Melanoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A comparative immunohistochemical study was performed on Paget's disease of the nipple (PDN), extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) and cutaneous superficial spreading melanoma (SSM) using antibodies to S100, NK1-C3 and HMB45, cytokeratin (CAM 5.2) and c-erb B2 oncoprotein (21N). Conventional histochemical stains for intracytoplasmic mucin and melanin were also done. Of the 20 cases of PDN, positivity was seen in 12 with S100, 16 with NK1-C3, none with HMB45, 20 with CAM 5.2 and 19 with 21N. All 5 cases of EMPD were CAM 5.2 positive and HMB45, S100 and 21N negative. Three EMPD were NK1-C3 positive. All 10 cases of SSM were S100, NK1-C3 and HMB45 positive and all were CAM5.2 and 21N negative. Mucin was demonstrable in 11 cases of PDN and all of EMPD but none of SSM. Melanin was seen in 2 PDN, 3 EMPD and all SSM cases. Identification of mucin and melanin, therefore, proved an unreliable means of distinguishing these diseases. Immunohistochemistry for cytokeratin and HMB45 appear to be the most specific markers in differentiating Paget's disease and SSM. Antibodies to c-erb B2 may also be valuable in this situation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00198442
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of the monoclonal antibody HECA-452 defined E-selectin ligands in Langerhans cell histiocytosis (1996)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 427 (1996), S. 477-481 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Langerhans cell histiocytosis ; HECA-452 ; Sialyl-Lex/sialyl-Lea ; Homing mechanisms ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The cutaneous lymphocyte associated antigen (CLA) recognized by the monoclonal antibody (moAb) HECA-452 plays a major role in the homing of lymphocyte subpopulations to the skin by binding to E-selectin on dermal microvessels. The factors responsible for the immigration of Langerhans cells (LC) and their precursors into the skin are still unknown, but because normal resting LC are also capable of expressing CLA, the antigen was proposed as a candidate LC-homing structure. To gain insight into these mechanisms, the expression of HECA-452 on neoplastic LC within and outside the skin was investigated in paraffin-embedded sections from 44 patients with localized and disseminated forms of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) presenting with proliferating cells positive for CD45, CD1a, S100 and HLADR. Irrespective of the clinical presentation or the type of organ involved, HECA-452-positive LC were detected in all biopsies tested (range 5-〉90%). The most prominent HECA-452 reactivity was observed in skin lesions and in areas with accumulations of eosinophilic granulocytes. Our data provide evidence for a heterogeneous expression of sLex/sLea structures in various stages of activated and/or differentiated LCH cells. Remarkably, CLA-antigen expression on LCH-cells was not restricted to cutaneous sites. In view of recent findings on the expression of HECA-452 on resting epidermal LC, our data are compatible with the view that local cytokine production by keratinocytes or cells from the surrounding infiltrate induce and/or modulate CLA expression on LC in both cutaneous and extra-cutaneous sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00199507
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epithelioid angiosarcoma of the thyroid (1996)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 429 (1996), S. 131-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Thyroid ; Angiosarcoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Epithelioid angiosarcomas of the thyroid usually develop in people living in Alpine regions, and only rare cases arising in subjects living in nonmountainous areas have been reported. We describe the clinicopathological features of a series of seven cases collected from non-Alpine areas. All patients were adults. The tumours appeared as haemorrhagic, unencapsulated, sometimes cystic nodules. In two cases multinodularity was present. They were composed of large, epithelioid cells, which lined vascular-like spaces or were arranged in solid sheets. Intracytoplasmic lumina containing red blood cells were identified. Neoplastic cells were diffusely positive for factor VIII-related antigen, Ulex europaeus agglutinin, CD31 and keratin peptides. Ultrastructural studies were performed in four cases and showed features of endothelial differentiation. An average follow-up of 3.8 years disclosed that four patients died of disease after a median survival time of 5 months, whereas 3 patients are still alive with no evidence or residual disease 27, 32 and 66 months after thyroidectomy. The good prognosis in these patients appears to be related mainly to the absence of extraglandular tumour spread at the time of surgery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192435
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Senile amyloidoses of the pituitary and adrenal glands (1996)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 429 (1996), S. 293-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Intracellular amyloid ; Pituitary ; Adrenal gland ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The pituitary and adrenal glands are a functional endocrine unit affected by local or organ-limited senile amyloid syndromes. These occur as interstitial (pituitary only) or intracellular (pituitary and adrenal) varieties. The pituitary and right adrenal glands of each of 108 consecutive autopsy cases of individuals aged 85 years and over were investigated for the prevalence, distribution and immunostaining characteristics of local amyloid. Intracellular amyloid was detected in 77 (71%) pituitaries and 73 (68%) adrenals. Interstitial amyloid was found in 86 pituitaries (80%). Immunohistochemical studies, investigating different amyloid fibril proteins, amyloid P component, ubiquitin, intermediate filaments and pituitary hormones, failed to demonstrate any similarities, and a common origin is unlikely. Statistical analyses demonstrated significant correlations between the occurrences of all three local amyloids. The clinical and histopathological significance of local pituitary and adrenal amyloid remains obscure. The results suggested that the pathogenesis of the local senile amyloidoses of the pituitary and adrenals may be influenced by a common, still uncharacterized variable. It is not clear whether this variable also contributes to the pathogenesis of other senile amyloid syndromes, such as those associated with Alzheimers' disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00198345
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of Tn, sialosyl-Tn and T antigens in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (1996)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 429 (1996), S. 344-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Colorectal cancer ; Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer ; Carbohydrate antigens ; Lectin histochemistry ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The simple mucin-type carbohydrate antigens Tn, sialosyl-Tn, T and the ‘cryptic’ sialylated variant of the last represent the mucin core oligosaccharide structures that are produced in the initial steps of the mucin biosynthetic pathway. Utilizing monoclonal antibodies anti-Tn antigen (HB-Tn1), anti-sialosyl-Tn antigen (HB-STn1), anti-T antigen (HB-T1) and the biotinylated Amaranthus caudatus agglutinin (ACA), we have investigated the expression of the simple mucin-type carbohydrate antigens in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC; 15 cases) compared with sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC; 60 cases) and normal colonic mucosa (30 cases). A variable positivity of Tn, sialosyl-Tn, T and the cryptic sialylated form of this latter antigen was encountered in both HNPCC and sporadic CRC cases; in addition, in normal colonic mucosa a constant reactivity was encountered only for Tn and the cryptic sialylated form of T, while negative results were always obtained for sialosyl-Tn and T antigens. Statistical analysis, performed using a Chi-square test, showed significantly lower (P=0.037) expression of sialosyl-Tn and higher (P=0.022) expression of T in HNPCC than in sporadic CRC, suggesting a greater presence of β1,3 galactosyl-transferase activity in HNPCC than in sporadic CRC. We were unable to identify a peculiar phenotype for HNPCC with simultaneous evaluation of reactivity for HB-Tn1, HB-STn1, HB-T1 and ACA; the biological significance of the preferential expression of T antigen in HNPCC remains to be investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00198438
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of epidermal growth factor and its receptor in rabbits with ischaemic acute renal failure (1996)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 427 (1996), S. 583-588 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Epidermal growth factor ; Epidermal growth factor receptor ; Immunohistochemistry ; Acute renal failure ; Proximal tubules
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Urinary immunoreactive epidermal growth factor (EGF) levels decrease, and renal immunoreactive EGF levels increase in rats with ischaemic acute renal failure (ARF). We investigated the immunohistochemical localization of EGF and EGF receptor in rabbits with ischaemic ARF to clarify the significance of renal EGF. Male New Zealand White rabbits underwent right nephrectomy prior to a 60 min renal artery clamp. At 3, 6, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after ischaemia, serum urea nitrogen and serum creatinine were determined. Guinea pig anti-rabbit EGF antibody and monoclonal anti-EGF receptor antibody were used for the primary incubation. EGF was immunolocalized to the ascending limb of Henle and the distal convoluted tubule in the normal right kidneys. However, in the post ischaemic left kidneys at 6, 24, 48 and 72 h, immunoreactivity of EGF was associated with proximal tubules. In the normal kidneys, antibody to EGF receptor reacted with distal tubules and collecting ducts. In the ischaemic kidneys, EGF receptor was localized in the basolateral membrane in the proximal tubules. The expression of EGF and EGF receptor in renal tubules may play an important role in repair following ischaemic renal damage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00202889
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis: phenotype of infiltrating cells and prognostic impact of tubulitis (1996)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 428 (1996), S. 5-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Interstitial nephritis ; Tubulitis ; Phenotype ; Immunohistochemistry ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The prognostic impact of tubulitis and the phenotype of the infiltrating cells in the tubules were studied in ten percutaneous renal biopsies from six patients with acute tubulointerstitial nephritis (ATIN). The inflammatory cell subsets in the tubules and interstitium (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD20+, CD45RO+, CD56+, CD57+, CD68+ and TIA-1+ cells), the expression of vimentin and the proliferation-associated antigen Ki-67 by cortical tubular cells, and the grade of tubulitis, interstitial infiltration and fibrosis were analysed. Cytotoxic injury to tubular cells in the vicinity of tubular-wall-localized lymphocytes was studied ultrastructurally. ATIN was drug-induced in three patients, related to Legionella infection in two and idiopathic in one patient. Four patients recovered, one with reduced renal function. Two patients developed end-stage renal disease. CD8+ and CD4+ lymphocytes, and a smaller number of macrophages, infiltrated the tubules. The predominant lymphocyte subset in the tubules was the same as in the interstitium. Cytotoxic injury to tubular cells was not seen electron microscopically. The tubular cells exhibited increased proliferative activity and expressed vimentin, indicating non-specific tubular damage. The cell subset, the severity of tubulitis, and the tubular expression of vimentin were not related to outcome. the main prognostic factor was the severity of the interstitial fibrosis. Tubulitis in ATIN may be a harmless non-immune reaction, mediated by tubular expression of cytokines, together with adhesion and other molecules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192921
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 in non-small-cell lung carcinoma (1996)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 428 (1996), S. 21-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Non-small-cell lung carcinoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Intercellular adhesion molecules ; ICAM-1 (CD54) ; Vascular cell adhesion molecule ; VCAM-1 ; E-selectin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Vascular cell adhesion molecules (VCAM) play an important part in the regulation of inflammation and are considered to be important in the process of malignant tumour growth. The present study describes the immunohistochemical staining patterns of E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and VCAM-1 on endothelial cells of the vessels in tumour stroma and other cell types in non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC; n=43) in association with inflammatory cells. Expression of E-selectin was dominant on endothelial cells in the stromal areas of the tumour, especially at the borders, and was confined to endothelial cells. Moderate to strong staining for ICAM-1 was demonstrated on endothelial cells irrespective of size or localization of the vessels. Compared with ICAM-1, fewer vessels were positive for VCAM-1, and stained with lesser intensity. ICAM-1 expression was demonstrated on NSCLC cells, the basal cells of bronchial epithelium, type II pneumocytes, lymphocytes and fibroblasts. VCAM-1 was clearly expressed on NSCLC cells in 4 of the 43 cases and on lymphocytes and fibroblasts. The staining patterns observed on endothelial cells support the idea of an active status of NSCLC vessels. This phenotypic pattern looks similar to the vascular component of inflammation. The presence of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 on NSCLC cells suggests a functional role in the process of chemotaxis for tumour cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192923
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of CD44 isoforms in human renal cell carcinomas (1996)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 428 (1996), S. 267-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: CD44 isoforms ; Immunohistochemistry ; Renal clear cell carcinomas ; Chromophilic carcinomas ; Normal kidney
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A series of 27 renal cell carcinomas 4 oncocytomas and 7 samples of tumour free kidney parenchyma were analysed immunohistochemically using eight different CD44 isoform-specific monoclonal antibodies. In normal kidney expression of CD44 isoforms (containing variant exons v6, v7/8 and v10) was found predominantly at the distal tubules. The majority of clear cell carcinomas investigated showed expression of variant exons v5, v7/8 and v10, but not v6. Lack of CD44v6 expression was confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis. Carcinomas of the chromophilic cell type were almost completely devoid of CD44 expression, including the standard form CD44s. This study shows that there are statistically significant differences in the CD44 expression pattern of the two major histological subtypes of renal cell carcinomas (clear cell and chromophilic carcinomas). Moreover, the almost complete lack of CD44 expression in chromophilic carcinomas contrasts with carcinomas of other histogenetic origin investigated including stomach, breast and lung which express various CD44 isoforms abundantly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00196700
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential reactivity of HBME-1 and CD15 antibodies in benign and malignant thyroid tumours (1996)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 429 (1996), S. 213-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: CD15 ; HBME-1 ; Thyroid ; Tumour ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We studied a wide range thyroid tumours and non-neoplastic conditions (total 463 cases) immunohistochemically to evaluate the possible diagnostic potential of HBME-1 and CD15 antibodies. HBME-1 monoclonal antibody recognizes a biochemically unknown epitope present in mesothelioma and variably present in some adenocarcinomas. CD15 antibodies recognize a sugar epitope also included in Lewis X blood group antigen. All papillary (145/145) and follicular carcinomas (27/27) were HBME-1 positive, usually in the the majority of tumour cells. In contrast, cases of nodular goitre and papillary hyperplasia either showed no reactivity or were focally positive (in a third of cases). The patterns of CD15 reactivity were generally similar, although smaller numbers of tumour cells were positive in papillary carcinomas, and only 50% of follicular carcinomas were positive. Because fetal thyroid also showed CD15 reactivity, this antigen appears to behave as an oncofetal antigen in relation to thyroid tissue. Anaplastic carcinomas were negative with both antibodies, indicating the loss of these epitopes upon high grade malignant transformation. We conclude that HBME-1 and CD15 immunohistochemistry may be helpful in the histological differential diagnosis between benign lesions and differentiated thyroid carcinomas, especially papillary tumours. Although the biochemical basis of HBME-1 reactivity is unknown, increased CD15 reactivity in malignant thyroid tumours probably reflects changes in thyroid follicular epithelial glycoconjugates related to malignant transformation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00198336
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of cell adhesion molecules and common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia antigen in hepatoblastoma (1996)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 429 (1996), S. 235-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Hepatoblastoma ; Adhesion molecules ; CALLA ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Hepatoblastoma is an embryonal tumour of the liver, which often contains tissue components with multidirectional differentiation. The occurrence of cell surface antigens in this tumour has not been studied systematically, and we therefore investigated 20 hepatoblastomas for the expression of common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia antigen (CALLA) and cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) in their different tissue components. Epithelial tumour cells of fetal differentiation contained E-cadherin. This protein did not occur in tumour areas with embryonal or mesenchymal differentiation. In contrast, immature embryonal and anaplastic cells expressed CALLA and the hyaluronate receptor (HCAM, CD44). Both fetal and embryonal areas stained irregularly positive for ICAM-1, which, in contrast, was not present on anaplastic cells. Immature fibrous tissue did not contain any of these molecules except for ICAM-1. However, some cells adjacent to, or enclosed in, osteoid were positive for HCAM and NCAM. Like small undifferentiated hepatoblastoma cells, primitive mesenchymal spindle-shaped cells also expressed CALLA, HCAM, and the polysialylated embryonic form of NCAM strongly. This last is not present on other epithelial or mesenchymal tumour cells. Hepatoblastoma cells of varying differentiation express distinct patterns of CAMs and CALLA. Our results give further insight into their histogenesis and cellular interactions and may explain their variable ability for invasive growth and formation of metastases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00198339
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alveoläres Adenom der Lunge Immunhistochemische Charakterisierung von Pneumozyten Typ II (1996)
    Springer
    Der Pathologe 17 (1996), S. 150-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Alveoläres Adenom ; Immunhistochemie ; Surfactantapoproteine B und C ; Alveozyten Typ II ; Key words Alveolar adenoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Surfactant apoproteins B and C ; Alveocytes type II
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The alveolar adenoma of the lung is a rare benign tumor in which the normal parenchymal architectur is imitated by a proliferation of both the alveolar epithelial cells and the mesenchymal septal cells. The first description, based on six cases, was published in 1986 by Yousem and Hochholzer. From their ultrastructural findings they presumed a type II pneumocytes differentiation of the epithelial cells. We investigated an alveolar adenoma of the lung immunhistochemical by means of antibodies against apoprotein B and C of human surfactant. Both the lining cells and the macrophages in the alveolar-like spaces were stained. The septal connection tissue cells did not react. These findings confirm the expression of surfactant constituants and, hence, the differentiation into type II pneumocytes of the epithelial cells of the alveolar adenoma.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das alveoläre Adenom der Lunge ist ein seltener gutartiger Tumor, der als kombinierte Proliferation alveolärer epihelialer Zellen und septalen Mesenchyms angesehen wird und normale Lungenparenchymarchitektur nachahmt. Es wurde 1986 zum ersten Mal anhand von 6 Fällen von Yousem u. Hochholzer [11] beschrieben. Die von den Autoren an 2 Fällen durchgeführten ultrastrukturellen Untersuchungen wiesen auf eine Differenzierung der epithelialen Komponente in Richtung Alveozyten Typ II hin. Wir konnten an einem Fall eines alveolären Adenoms immunhistochemische Untersuchungen mit einem Antikörper gegen die Apoproteine B und C des humanen Surfactant durchführen (zur Verfügung gestellt von der Firma Thomae). Dabei zeigten die Epithelzellen, die alveolenähnliche Hohlräume auskleiden sowie in diesen Hohlräumen liegende Makrophagen eine positive Reaktion, wohingegen die Zellen der Bindegewebssepten negativ reagierten. Der immunhistochemische Nachweis der Surfactantapoproteine B und C im Zytoplasma der epithelialen Tumorzellen bestätigen deren Differenzierung in Richtung Alveozyten Typ II.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002920050149
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hepatocyte growth factor in nephronophthisis-medullary cystic disease complex (1996)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 10 (1996), S. 515-516 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Key words: Nephronophthisis-medullary cystic disease complex ; Cyst transformation ; Hepatocyte growth factor ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. A 13-year-old Japanese girl presented with severe anemia and renal dysfunction. The nephronophthisis-medullary cystic disease complex was diagnosed from the results of renal biopsy and a family study. Immunohistochemical detection of hepatocyte growth factor in the epithelial cells of dilated renal tubules suggested that it may have a role in the development of the tubular cystic changes which are characteristic of this disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004670050154
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphologische Charakteristika des Chondroblastoms Eine retrospektive Untersuchung an 56 Fällen des Hamburger Knochentumorregisters (1996)
    Springer
    Der Pathologe 17 (1996), S. 26-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Chondroblastom ; Knochentumoren ; Immunhistologie ; Proliferation ; Key words Chondroblastoma ; Bone tumors ; Immunohistochemistry ; Proliferation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Representing only about 1 % of all primary bone tumors, chondroblastoma constitutes a very rare bone tumor entity. 56 cases of chondroblastoma, that had been collected by the Hamburg Bone Tumor Registry from 1972 to 1995, were examined histologically together with the radiological and clinical findings. In addition immunohistochemistry with antibodies against S 100, PGM1, LCA and the proliferationmarker MIB 1 was performed. The mean age was 20.4 years and male patients being the majority with a gender ratio of 2.7 : 1. Predominant localisation was the epiphyses of the long bones, although almost 40 % of the tumors were located at untypical sites. Usually a well-circumscribed lysis could be seen on plain X-Ray examination, however partial cortical destruction could be observed in one third of the cases. Histologically characteristic was a polygonal cell component with a weblike chonroid matrix, sometimes with a plane-like appearance. 5 cases showed a distinct nuclear polymorphism making a distinction from osteosarcoma difficult. Using immunohistochemistry all tumors except for one showed positive reaction for S 100 protein. Although the histogenesis of chondroblastoma is not completely understood, morphological findings as well as the observed reactivity with the S 100 protein indicate the chondroid origin. No reactivity for PGM 1 (CD 68) or LCA could be detected. All chondroblastoma showed a low rate of proliferation, thereby being distinguishable from high malignant bone tumors. In general chondroblastoma show a benign biological behavior. Different behavior was observed in 2 cases. One relapse located in the pelvis revealed local aggressive growth while in another case in the humerus a malignant transformation had taken place.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 56 Chondroblastome, die im Hamburger Knochentumorregister im Zeitraum von 1972 bis 1995 archiviert wurden, wurden retrospektiv histologisch untersucht, unter Berücksichtigung des radiologischen Befunds sowie der klinischen Angaben. Zusätzlich wurden immunhistologische Färbungen für S 100, PGM 1, LCA und den Proliferationsmarker MIB 1 durchgeführt. Das Durchschnittsalter der Patienten betrug 20,4 Jahre unter Bevorzugung männlicher Patienten mit einem Geschlechtsverhältnis von 2,7 : 1. Bevorzugter Lokalisationsort waren die Epiphysen der langen Röhrenknochen. Radiologisch stellt sich typischerweise eine umschriebene Lyse mit umgebendem Randsaum dar. Charakteristisch ist histologisch eine polygonale Zellkomponente mit einer netzartigen chondroiden Matrix. In 5 Fällen lag eine deutliche Kernpolymorphie vor, die eine Abgrenzung zum Osteosarkom schwierig machte. Immunhistologisch waren mit Ausnahme eines Falle alle Tumoren positiv für S 100. Allen Chondroblastomen war eine niedrige Proliferationsrate gemeinsam, die diese deutlich von hochmalignen Knochentumoren unterschied. Chrondroblastome besitzen üblicherweise ein gutartiges biologisches Verhalten. Zwei Fälle dieser Studie zeigten einen davon abweichenden Verlauf. Bei einem Rezidivtumor im Becken zeigte sich ein lokal aggressives Wachstum, in einem anderen Fall im Humerus war es zu einer malignen Transformation gekommen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002920050131
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infantiles Rhabdomyofibrosarkom Ein aggressiver Tumor im Spektrum der Spindelzelltumoren im Kindesalter (1996)
    Springer
    Der Pathologe 17 (1996), S. 296-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Rhabdomyosarkom ; Fibrosarkom ; Immunhistochemie ; Key words Rhabdomyosarcoma ; Fibrosarcoma ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary We report a case of an intrathoracic, extrapleural, infantile rhabdomyofibrosarcoma in a 4-year-old boy. Histologically, the primary lesion showed extensive hyalinization and stroma sclerosis and was composed of relatively uniform spindle-shaped, at least focally rather polygonal tumour cells with scattered intracytoplasmatic globoid inclusions. Although chemo- and radiotherapy was given postoperatively, local recurrences and metastases in the lung and thymus have developed; the patient died of tumour disease 3 years later. Recurrences and metastases showed features of tumour progression with higher cellularity and increased mitotic activity. Immunohistochemically, the tumour cells stained strongly positive for vimentin, desmin, and muscle-specific actin, and at least focally for MyoD1; the tumour did not stain for alpha-smooth muscle actin, neural and epithelial markers, or CD34 and CD31. The differential diagnosis of these aggressive tumours in the spectrum of spindle-cell lesions in early childhood is discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Wir referieren den Fall eines intrathorakalen, extrapleuralen, infantilen Rhabdomyofibrosarkomes bei einem 4jährigen männlichen Patienten. Der Primärtumor wies histologisch eine deutliche Hyalinisierung und Sklerose des Stroma auf und bestand aus relativ uniformen spindeligen, fokal polygonalen Tumorzellen mit nachweisbaren globoiden intrazytoplasmatischen Einschlüssen. Trotz adjuvanter Chemo- und Radiotherapie entwickelten sich ausgedehnte Tumorrezidive und Metastasen in der Lunge und dem Thymus; der Patient verstarb 3 Jahre später. In den Tumorrezidiven und Metastasen fand sich eine Tumorprogression zu einem zellreicheren, mitotisch aktiveren Neoplasma. Immunhistochemisch zeigten die Tumorzellen eine deutlich ausgeprägte Positivität für Antikörper gegen Vimentin, Desmin und muskelspezifisches Aktin sowie eine fokal nachweisbare nukleäre Positivität für MyoD1; der Tumor zeigte keine Immunpositivität für alpha-glatt muskuläres Antigen, neurale und epitheliale Marker, sowie für CD34 und CD31. Die Differentialdiagnose dieses aggressiven Tumors im Spektrum der spindelzelligen Läsionen im Kleinkindalter wird diskutiert.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002920050168
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic depletion of histamine from the nervous system of Drosophila eliminates specific visual and mechanosensory behavior (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 179 (1996), S. 763-773 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Neurotransmitter ; Mutants ; Immunohistochemistry ; Behavior ; Insecta
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The role of histamine as a fast neuro-transmitter of imaginai insect photoreceptors is firmly established. In adult Drosophila, histamine is also found in mechanosensory receptors of cuticular hair sensilla and in a small number of nonreceptor neurons in head and body ganglia. Here we investigate the function of histamine by immunohistochemical and behavioral analysis of mutants deficient in the hdc gene that codes for histidine decarboxylase. The allele hdc JK910 appears to be a null mutation, as histamine immunoreactivity is almost entirely eliminated. Homozygous flies are blind in various behavioral paradigms. Mutant larvae, on the other hand, show normal photokinetic responses. Thus, adult Drosophila photoreceptors most likely utilize only a single substance, histamine, as a neurotransmitter, whereas larval photoreceptors apparently employ a different transmitter. With the alleles hdc p211 , hdc p217 , and hdc p218 , variable amounts of histamine are found in photoreceptors and mechanoreceptors, but no histamine could be detected in any of the nonreceptor neurons. These mutants show various degrees of visual and mechanosensory impairment, as determined by quantitative behavioral assays. We conclude that histamine is required for normal function of cuticular hair sensilla and for efficient grooming of the body surface. Thus, in Drosophila, histamine represents a major functional neurotransmitter for mechanosensory receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00207355
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atypical amyloid (Aβ) deposition in the cerebellum in Alzheimer’s disease: an immunohistochemical study using end-specific Aβ monoclonal antibodies (1996)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 91 (1996), S. 647-653 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Amyloid β-protein ; Alzheimer’s disease ; Monoclonal antibodies ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have used the end-specific monoclonal antibodies to amyloid β-protein (Aβ), BC05 and BA27, to investigate the molecular characteristics of the cored or stellate type of amyloid plaque that is sometimes present, along with the more common diffuse type of plaque, in the cerebellar cortex in (usually younger) cases of Alzheimer’s disease. In five such cases of Alzheimer’s disease the (many) cored plaques were strongly BA27, but less strongly BC05, immunopositive, indicating the presence of (much) Aβ40 and Aβ42(43), respectively. Diffuse plaques were only BC05 positive, except on rare occasions where a little BA27 reactivity was present. Cerebellar cored plaques, like the diffuse plaques, were not associated with tau or astrocytic (glial fibrillary acid protein) immunoreactivity, though in contrast to cerebellar diffuse plaques, but like the cored plaques in the cerebral cortex, microglial cells were usually present. The cause of this form of Aβ deposition in the cerebellum is not known. Although congophilic angiopathy was severe in two patients, this was only mild in the others. Similar plaques were also seen in the cerebellum of most, but not all, of five other younger patients with chromosome 14-linked Alzheimer’s disease and again, although congophilic angiopathy was severe in one such case with many cored plaques, this was not so in the others. At present the relationship (if any) between this pathological change and the possession of the chromosome 14 mutation of Alzheimer’s disease or the occurrence of congophilic angiopathy remains uncertain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050479
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphometrical analysis of nucleolin immunohistochemistry in meningiomas (1996)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 92 (1996), S. 1-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Nucleolin ; Meningiomas ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Nucleolin (110 kDa) is a major nucleolar protein in eukaryotic cells and one of the nucleolar organizer region (NOR)-associated proteins. We studied immunohistochemically 32 cases of meningioma, using specific antisera against nucleolin, and analyzed various nucleolin parameters, such as the number of regions and the total area of nucleolin staining per nucleus. The mean number and area of nucleolin stainings per nucleus were compared with the histological malignancy and Ki-67/MIB-1 proliferation index; the correlation with parameters of silver-stained NOR (AgNOR) was also studied. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences in the mean number and area of nucleolin stainings per nucleus between meningiomas and other two groups, atypical and anaplastic meningiomas (P 〈 0.05), although there was no difference between atypical and anaplastic meningiomas. The mean number and area of nucleolin stainings per nucleus were correlated with the incidence of Ki-67 positivity and AgNOR area. In view of the technical problems inherent in AgNOR staining, immunohistochemistry for nucleolin may represent a more specific and reproducible means for NOR visualization and be a promising technique for assessing cell proliferation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050481
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical study of utrophin and dystrophin at the motor end-plate in myasthenia gravis (1996)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 92 (1996), S. 14-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Myasthenia gravis ; Utrophin ; Dystrophin ; Motor end-plate ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We studied the densities of utrophin and dystrophin at the motor end-plates of patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) using immunohistochemical analysis. The densities were compared with those found in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome and normal controls. Utrophin was reduced at the motor end-plates of MG patients, in association with a reduction of α-bungarotoxin binding sites. In contrast, the density of dystrophin at the motor end-plate of MG patients was not significantly different from that found in the controls. We conclude that, at the motor end-plate, utrophin may be more closely associated than dystrophin with the acetylcholine receptor, and that it plays a different role.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050483
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  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased expression of growth-associated protein 43 immunoreactivity in axons following compression trauma to rat spinal cord (1996)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 92 (1996), S. 19-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Growth-associated protein 43 ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat ; Spinal cord ; Trauma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43) is one compound used to indicate growth of axonal endings during development and regeneration, particularly of peripheral neurons. Using immunohistochemistry, we have studied the expression of GAP43 in the spinal cord of rats subjected to mild, moderate or severe compression injury and used neurofilament immunostaining to demonstrate axonal injuries. Samples removed from the compressed T8–9, the cranial T7 and the caudal T10 segments were studied at 4 h, 24 h, 4 days and 9 days after injury. Control rats showed a moderate immunostaining of neurons in dorsal root ganglia, weak staining of ventral motor neurons and, with the exception of the corticospinal tracts, a weak staining in some axons of the longitudinal tracts of the cord. Injury in the compressed region led to increased GAP43 immunoreactivity in axons of normal and expanded size. This occurred particularly 1–4 days after injury and normalized 9 days thereafter. More marked immunostaining was present in the cranial and caudal segments. The corticospinal tracts never showed such staining. The increase of GAP43 immunostaining is presumably caused by disturbed axonal transport from neurons with the capacity to synthesize and transport the GAP43 antigen. Transported material may thus be available for regeneration of axons, but this source of material may vary between different classes of axons within the cord.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050484
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vascular changes in the cerebral cortex in HIV-1 infection (1996)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 92 (1996), S. 35-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ; Blood-brain barrier ; Cerebral vessels ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lectin histochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1)-infected patients, a hypoperfusion is seen by SPECT analyses in different brain regions but a specific pattern for the predominance of a specific brain region has not been found. The vessels of the cerebral cortex of the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) brains and control brains were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and lectin histochemistry. Immunohistochemistry was performed for collagen IV, laminin (basal lamina), and factor VIII (endothelial cell) and lectin histochemistry [Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA-I), Ulex europaeus agglutinin (UEA-I), wheatgerm agglutinin (WGA) and soybean agglutinin (SBA)] was used to study changes of glycoproteins in the endothelial cell membrane. Vessels were counted in the gray and white matter, and their staining intensity for the different antibodies and lectins was rated using a three-point scale. Immunoreactivity for collagen IV was reduced in AIDS brains, which may be related to thinning of the basal lamina of cerebral vessels, as has previously been shown by electron microscopy. Lectin histochemistry with SBA, UEA-I and WGA indicated loss of glycoproteins in the membrane of endothelial cells. The data from the present study show morphological changes of the endothelial cells and of the basal lamina in the brain of individuals with AIDS, and might represent the morphological sequelae of a disturbed blood-brain barrier, or may account for the hypoperfusion seen in SPECT analyses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050486
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  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mutation in the prion protein gene at codon 232 in Japanese patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: a clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and transmission study (1996)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 92 (1996), S. 441-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease ; Prion protein ; Codon 232 ; Immunohistochemistry ; Experimental ; transmission
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe the clinical, neuropathological, immunohistochemical and transmission findings in three patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) with a substitution from methionine to arginine at codon 232 (M232R) in the prion protein (PrP) gene. The patients with M232R presented clinically with rapidly progressive dementia, myoclonus, and periodic synchronous discharges in the electroencephalogram. These findings were mostly consistent with those for sporadic CJD. All patients reached the stage of akinetic mutism between 2 and 6 months, and died between 4 and 24 months after the onset of the disease. Histopathological examination revealed spongiform changes, neuronal loss and severe astrocytosis. Immunohistochemical staining for PrP showed diffuse gray matter staining, including synaptic structures. However, no plaque-type PrP deposition was observed in the affected brain tissue sections. The brain homogenates from two patients were successfully transmitted to experimental animals. Since the same mutation was not found in 100 healthy control individuals, the mutation might be associated with the disease. The clinicopathological and experimental transmission studies of CJD patients with this PrP gene mutation may thus help us to determine both phenotypic variations and the potential infectivities in different forms of prion diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050544
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  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Golgi apparatus and intraneuronal inclusions of anterior horn cells in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: an immunohistochemical study (1996)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 91 (1996), S. 603-607 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; Golgi ; apparatus ; Intraneuronal inclusions ; Bunina body ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We applied immunohistochemical techniques to study alterations of the Golgi apparatus, and to determine possible relationships between this complex and the intraneuronal inclusions of lower motor neurons of patients with the sporadic form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Spinal cords from normal individuals served as controls. Monoclonal antibodies to the Golgi zone and to Golgi β-COP protein were used. Immunoreactivity with these antibodies was seen in frozen sections of paraformaldehyde-fixed spinal cord tissue, but not in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens. The immunoreaction products were seen as granular structures, diffusely distributed in neurons and glial cells. Although immunostaining of some ALS neurons was reduced, fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus was not evident with either antibody. Bunina bodies and skein-like inclusions, characteristically found in spinal anterior horn cells of ALS patients, were not stained by these antibodies to epitopes of the Golgi apparatus, nor were Lewy body-like hyaline inclusions, present in some cases of sporadic ALS and reported to be characteristic of familial ALS with posterior column degeneration. These results suggest that components of the Golgi apparatus are not directly incorporated into intraneuronal inclusions. However, the possibility that abnormal proteinaceous material of the Golgi apparatus may be involved in their genesis cannot be ruled out.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050473
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of the interstitial cells associated with the submuscular plexus of the guinea-pig colon (1996)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 194 (1996), S. 49-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Pacemaker ; Interstitial cells of Cajal ; Intestine ; Ultrastructure ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Interstitial cells associated with the submuscular plexus of the guinea pig colon were studied by electron microscopy and by light microscopic wholemount stretch preparations. Their cytoplasmic features are similar to those of fibroblasts and they contain a well-developed Golgi apparatus, granular endoplasmic reticulum and many mitochondria. Intermediate filaments are abundantly distributed throughout the perinuclear region and processes. Numerous caveolae, a basal lamina and subsurface cisterns are observed on the cell membrane as in smooth muscle cells. The most characteristic feature of this cell type is the existence of many large gap junctions that interconnect these cells to each other and with the smooth muscle cells. Nerve varicosities containing synaptic vesicles are observed in close apposition with cells of this type. Whole-mount preparations stained by the zinc iodide-osmic acid method and by vimentin immunohistochemistry clearly demonstrated the stellate form of these gap junction-rich cells and suggested that they correspond to the interstitial cells of Cajal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00196314
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  • 38
    Electronic Resource
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    Distribution of immunoreactive 2′,5′-oligoadenylate synthetase in mouse reproductive organs (1996)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 194 (1996), S. 349-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: 2′,5′-Oligoadenylate synthetase ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mouse ; Reproductive organs ; Oocyte
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Although 2′,5′-oligoadenylate synthetase (25AS) is an enzyme induced by inferferon (IFN) or viral infections and mediates one of the principal antiviral pathways turned on by IFN, low constitutive levels of the enzyme can be detected in various “normal” animals that have not been treated with IFN or virus. The distribution of this enzyme in the female and male reproductive organs of normal healthy mice was studied by Western blotting and by an immunohistochemical method, using a specific monoclonal antibody. On Western blotting, an antibody to 42-kD 2-5AS reacted with extracts from the ovary, oviduct, uterus, vagina, and placenta among the female reproductive organs, and testis, epididymis, and ductus deferens in the male. Immunohistochemically, the 2-5AS was localized on the following cells in the female reproductive organs: oocytes in the ovary; epithelium in the oviduct, uterus, and vagina; and trophoblasts in the placenta. Furthermore, the 2-5AS was localized on the epithelium and muscular layer in the ductus deferens and epithelium in the penis of the male mice, whereas the epithelium of the testis, epididymis, and seminal vesicle were stained faintly. It is well known that IFN is produced continuously in normal mice, so the 2-5AS in the tissues of normal mice is considered to be induced by such IFN produced under physiological conditions. Expression of the 2-5AS on the epithelium and trophoblasts in the reproductive organs may be responsible for the prevention of viral infections. However, the enzyme in oocytes may have some functions other than as an antiviral agent, since the enzyme was not detectable in embryos during early development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00198536
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  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ontogeny, distribution and amine/peptide content of chromogranin A- and B-immunoreactive endocrine cells in the small and large intestine of the chicken (1996)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 194 (1996), S. 89-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Avian gut ; Differentiation ; Gut endocrine cells ; Regulatory peptides ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Chromogranin A-(CgA-) and chromogranin B-(CgB-)-immunoreactive endocrine cells were investigated in the chicken intestine during embryonic and post-hatching life. CgA- and CgB-immunoreactive cells first appeared in the intestinal tract at various embryonic ages from day 10 in the cloaca to day 16 in the distal ileum and colon. To identify the CgA- and CgB-immunoreactive cells, each tissue section was double-immunostained using a panel of polyclonal antibodies raised against gut amine/peptides. Almost all the serotonin-immunoreactive cells co-localised CgA and CgB along the entire intestinal mucosa and at all ages examined. In contrast, substance P-, peptide tyrosine tyrosine-, neurotensin- and secretin-immunoreactive cells displayed heterogeneous co-localisation patterns. For example, either all or only some cells of a given endocrine type co-stored Cg; they did so variously-only in the embryo, only after hatching, or at both stages, and co-localizing cells were sometimes located within the mucosa only in the villi and not in the glands, and sometimes vice versa. All the CgA/CgB-immunoreactive cells also displayed argyrophilia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00196318
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  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Small, freshly arrived histiocytes in cutaneous and mucosal herpetic lesions (1996)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 288 (1996), S. 500-506 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Key words Herpes simplex virus ; Monocyte ; Immunohistochemistry ; Skin ; Mucosa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report on the predominance of a special type of small histiocyte in the inflammatory infiltrate accompanying herpetic bullae. These histiocytes, which have previously been taken to be neutrophils, are freshly arrived cells with a hitherto unknown function. Until now, they have been found only in Sweet’s syndrome and erythema nodosum where they form Miesscher’s radial granulomas. Similar small histiocytes were found in half of those herpetic lesions with intact bullae, and in over two-thirds of ulcerated lesions in which these cells formed a palisade in the fibrinoid material covering the floor of the ulcerated vesicles. Small histiocytes, admixed with neutrophils, were in close proximity to virally infected keratinocytes. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed their histiocytic nature. With the exception of ecthyma contagiosum (orf), similar small histiocytes were not found in other viral infections or in nonspecific ulcers of the skin. In cases of herpetic folliculitis, small histiocytes showed massive epidermotropism towards hair follicle epithelium. We conclude that cutaneous and oral herpetic infections represent yet another disease in which small, freshly arrived histiocytes occur. They may be involved in antigen presentation, or in killing of infected keratinocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004030050092
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  • 41
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Type XII collagen in human skin: studies on its localization with monoclonal antibodies (1996)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 289 (1996), S. 62-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Key words Collagen ; Connective tissue disease ; Human skin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Monoclonal ; antibody
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004030050156
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  • 42
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrolethalus: a midline malformation syndrome with optic nerve coloboma and hypoplasia (1996)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 91 (1996), S. 511-518 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Congenital malformations ; Developmental cataract ; Hydrocephalus ; Immunohistochemistry ; Optic nerve coloboma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Ophthalmic pathological findings of hydrolethalus, a midline malformation syndrome, were determined in three fetuses aborted between the 14th and 19th gestational week. The eyes were serially sectioned and analyzed using light microscopy and a panel of 13 antibodies to neuronal, glial, epithelial, and mesenchymal elements of the eye. The general morphological and antigenic development of the anterior segment, retina and choroid were normal, but some lens fibers were vacuolated and irregular in all eyes. A coloboma of the optic nerve was constant and corresponded in its severity to the systemic manifestations. It ranged from segmental dysplasia of the optic nerve head to a colobomatous orbital cyst with secondary microphthalmos and deranged development of the eye. Glial tissue extended through a defect in the sheaths of the optic nerve in three eyes, communicating with retinoblastic tissue in the orbit. Evidence of secondary optic nerve hypoplasia was present in all eyes, and a separate chorioretinal coloboma was present in one eye. Ocular anomalies should be considered one hallmark of hydrolethalus syndrome, and they may help to differentiate it from other overlapping malformation syndromes. In particular, colobomatous dysplasia and hypoplasia of the optic nerve seem to be typical of hydrolethalus syndrome. Histopathological studies of the eyes may help the neuropathologist in making the differential diagnosis of midline malformation syndromes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050459
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuronal and glial characteristics of central neurocytoma: electron microscopical analysis of two cases (1996)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 91 (1996), S. 573-577 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Central neurocytoma ; Glial fibrillary acidic protein ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have identified two central neurocytomas which contained cells co-expressing glial fibrillary acidic protein and synaptophysin defined by double-label immunostaining. Dual-positive cells were mostly polygonal in shape and with a morphological appearence similar to that of reactive astrocytes. This distinct morphology could be used to distinguish cells expressing glial fibrillary acidic protein from cells with round and clear cytoplasm which did not express glial fibrillary acidic protein and which composed the majority of the tumor. Samples containing polygonal cells were selected for electron microscopy from toluidine blue-stained semithin sections. Ultrastructural findings were similar in both neurocytomas, with both being composed predominantly of round cells with clear cytoplasm corresponding to the clear cells identified by light microscopy. Dense-core vesicles and clear vesicles were frequently observed in the cell processes. Apart from these clear cells, polygonal cells with electron-dense cytoplasm were noted. Paralleling the results of double immunostaining, these polygonal cells contained both dense-core vesicles and intermediate, presumably glial filaments. Microtubules and lipofuscin granules were also observed. These results suggest that cells expressing glial fibrillary acidic protein in central neurocytoma include tumor cells with both neuronal and glial characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050469
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  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemistry of a cytoplasmic dynein (MAP 1C)-like molecule in rodent and human brain tissue: an example of molecular mimicry between cytoplasmic dynein and influenza A virus (1996)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 92 (1996), S. 306-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Cytoplasmic dynein ; Influenza A virus ; A/Aichi/2/68 ; Molecular mimicry ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Immunohistochemistry with an antibody to influenza A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) virus was performed using normal mouse, rat and human brain tissues. Dot-like or filamentous structures in the neuronal cytoplasm were clearly stained. Axons were also stained, but weakly. Lewy bodies in Parkinson’s disease substantia nigra were also positive. Immunoscreening of the antibody using mouse brain cDNA revealed that this antibody recognized the heavy chain of cytoplasmic dynein. Immunoblot analysis also showed that the reactive molecule was the same size as cytoplasmic dynein (microtubule-associated protein 1C). This is an example of molecular mimicry between cytoplasmic dynein and influenza A virus, and the antibody appears to be useful for the localization on cytoplasmic dynein in the central nervous system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050523
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  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The main HTLV-I-harboring cells in the muscles of viral carriers with polymyositis are not macrophages but CD4+ lymphocytes (1996)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 92 (1996), S. 358-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words In situ polymerase chain reaction ; Immunohistochemistry ; Human T cell lymphotropic ; virus type I ; Proviral DNA ; Polymyositis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have analyzed muscle biopsy specimens from polymyositis patients who are also positive for human T cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) using both immunohistochemistry for surface antigens of lymphocytes and macrophages and in situ polymerase chain reaction for HTLV-I proviral DNA on the same sections. We found HTLV-I in CD4+ cells but not in macrophages. This finding suggests that most of the HTLV-I-containing CD4+ cells are not macrophages but lymphocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050530
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  • 46
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of ubiquitin-like immunoreactivity in axons after compression trauma to rat spinal cord (1996)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 91 (1996), S. 155-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Ubiquitin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat ; Spinal cord ; Trauma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The ubiquitin-mediated proteolytic pathway is an important mode of protein degradation in various tissues. Since breakdown of proteins may occur in axons after injury we evaluated the presence of ubiquitin-like immunoreactive material in rat spinal cord following compression injury of mild, moderate and severe degrees at T8–9 level, resulting in no neurological deficit, reversible paraparesis and paraplegia of the hind limbs, respectively. Rats with mild to severe compression injury surviving 1–4 days showed numerous, intensely immunoreactive expanded axons at the site of compression. The labelled axons were randomly distributed in the longitudinal tracts but they were never found in the corticospinal tracts. No labelling was detected by 9 days after injury. In addition, the presence of labelled axons was investigated in the T7 and the T10 segments from rats with moderate compression. No labelling was seen in T7, but in T10 segments many immunoreactive axons were present. Control rats did not show immunoreactive axons in the spinal cord. Neurons of dorsal root ganglia, trigeminal ganglia and of the grey matter of the spinal cord were immunoreactive. Cerebral cortical neurons did not show ubiquitin expression. Thus, compression of the rat spinal cord causes a transient accumulation of ubiquitin-like immunoreactive material in axonal swellings. Even though the dynamics of ubiquitin conjugates are not fully understood, the observed axonal accumulation presumably reflects arrested anterograde axonal transport of protein chiefly derived from neurons of dorsal root ganglia and the local neurons of the spinal cord. The presence of ubiquitin in damaged axons is one prerequisite for degradation of abnormal proteins by the ubiquitin-mediated proteolytic pathway, which may be activated in reactive axonal swellings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050407
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  • 47
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuronal and vascular pathology produced by verocytotoxin 2 in the rabbit central nervous system (1996)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 91 (1996), S. 254-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Acute encephalopathy ; Cerebral infarction ; Hemolytic uremic syndrome ; Immunohistochemistry ; Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To study the pathogenesis of the central nervous system (CNS) involvement associated with verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli infection, we developed an animal model by administering verocytotoxin 2 to rabbits either intravenously or intrathecally. After an interval of 2–9 days, the rabbits became paralyzed in a dose-dependent manner and in the absence of renal impairment. The minimal intravenous and intrathecal doses that produced these neurological signs were 250 and 0.4 ng/kg, respectively. After intravenous administration, most of the toxin was cleared from the serum within 24 h, with concomitant transition of a small amount into the cerebrospinal fluid. Pathological examination revealed that neurons in various CNS regions showed atrophy, cytoplasmic hyperchromasia and nuclear pyknosis as early as 6 h after administration. The distribution of affected neurons was constant and irrespective of the route of administration. Abnormalities of the blood vessels, such as the thickening of arterioles walls, were noted from 2 days after administration. The vascular lesions became more prominent after the intrathecal injection, which caused thrombosis and multiple infarction. Selective deposition of the toxin on the vessel walls was demonstrated immunohistochemically. Thus, the pathological manifestations of verocytotoxin 2 neurotoxicity consisted essentially of two types of lesions, early neuronal and late vascular, both of which might have developed under the influence of the toxin that had entered the CNS by crossing or circumventing the blood-brain barrier.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050423
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  • 48
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    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemistry of primary central nervous system malignant rhabdoid tumors: report of five cases and review of the literature (1996)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 91 (1996), S. 578-586 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Malignant rhabdoid tumor ; Immunohistochemistry ; Central nervous system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Malignant rhabdoid tumors (MRT) are characterized by a typical light microscopic morphology with uniformly round tumor cells, vacuolated cytoplasm with occasional round, hyaline intracytoplasmic, periodic acid-Schiff-positive inclusions, vesicular nuclei with prominent nucleoli and positive immunoreactivity for vimentin. The histogenesis of MRT is controversial. Five cases of primary central nervous system (CNS) rhabdoid tumors in children are presented. Immunohistochemical, light and electron microscopic features are compared with primary CNS malignant rhabdoid tumors reported in the literature. Expression of various neurofilaments in our cases of primary CNS rhabdoid tumors was prominent and we therefore favor a neural differentiation of extrarenal intracerebral rhabdoid tumors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050470
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  • 49
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    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical localization of estrogen receptors within aromatase-immunoreactive neurons in the fetal and neonatal rat brain (1996)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 193 (1996), S. 115-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Aromatase ; Estrogen receptor ; Immunohistochemistry ; Brain ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We elucidated the anatomical relationship between estrogen receptors and aromatase, the enzyme converting androgens to estrogens, in the fetal and neonatal rat brain by means of double immunohistochemical labeling, using antibodies against rat estrogen receptors and human placental aromatase cytochrome P450. Numerous aromatase-immunoreactive neurons were found in the medial preoptic area, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, the medial amygdaloid nucleus and the ventromedial nucleus. Estrogen receptors were also abundant in these areas. Most of the aromatase-immunoreactive neurons showed immunoreactivity for estrogen receptors in the medial subdivision of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and in the posterodorsal division of the medial amygdaloid nucleus. There were also many double-labeled cells in the ventromedial nucleus. However, in the medial preoptic area the localization of aromatase-immunoreactive neurons was distinct from that of neurons containing estrogen receptors. These results suggested that estrogens, which are converted from androgens in aromatase-containing neurons, are involved in the sexual differentiation of the brain through estrogen receptors within aromatase-immunoreactive neurons in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, the medial amygdaloid nucleus and the ventromedial nucleus, but through estrogen receptors in aromatase-immunonegative neurons in the medial preoptic area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214702
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  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cartilage canals in human thyroid cartilage characterized by immunolocalization of collagen types I, II, pro-III, IV and X (1996)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 194 (1996), S. 147-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Thyroid cartilage ; Immunohistochemistry ; Vascularization ; Cartilage canals ; Collagens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In this study the collagenous composition of cartilage canals in human thyroid cartilage, which are perichondral invaginations of blood vessels and connective tissue, and the surrounding cartilage matrix were investigated by immunolabelling with specific antibodies against type I, II, pro-III, IV and X collagen. During childhood and early adolescence no cartilage canals were detected in thyroid cartilage, and immunolabelling for type IV collagen was restricted to basal lamina components of blood vessels in the perichondrium. First immunolabelling for type IV collagen, belonging to blood vessels in cartilage canals, in both sexes was detected about the end of the second decade; it was localized in the dorsal part of the thyroid cartilage plate. At this time thyroid cartilage has already reached its final form and size. As revealed by von Kossa staining, vascularization preceded mineralization and ossification. In contrast to the male thyroid cartilage plate, no immunostaining for type IV collagen and no ossification was detected in the ventral half of female thyroid cartilage even in advanced age. The extracellular matrix of cells in cartilage canals showed positive immunostaining for collagen types I and pro-III as well as for collagen type II, indicating that the cells in the canal possess fibroblastic and chondrogenic properties. The extracellular matrix of hypertrophic chondrocytes adjacent to cartilage canals showed strong immunoreactivity for type X collagen. First mineralization was detected close to cartilage canals, suggesting that mineralization in human thyroid cartilage starts in the extracellular matrix adjacent to cartilage canals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00195008
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  • 51
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epidermal growth factor receptor in adult human dorsal root ganglia (1996)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 194 (1996), S. 253-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Epidermal growth factor receptor ; Dorsal root ganglia ; Immunoblotting ; Immunohistochemistry ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Transforming growth factor-α (TGFα) enhances neuronal survival and neurite outgrowth in cultured dorsal root ganglia (DRG) sensory neurons. It binds a membrane protein, denominated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFr). EGFr has been localized in developing and adult human DRG. However, it remains to be elucidated whether all DRG neurons express EGFr or whether differences exist among neuronal subtypes. This study was undertaken to investigate these topics in adult human DRG using immunoblotting, and combined immunohistochemistry and image analysis techniques. A mouse monoclonal antibody (clone F4) mapping within the intracytoplasmic domain of EGFr was used. Immunoblotting revealed two main proteins with estimated molecular masses of ∼- 65 kDa and 170 kDa, and thus consistent with the full-length EGFr. Additional protein bands were also encountered. Light immunohistochemistry revealed specific immunoreactivity (IR) for EGFr-like proteins in most (86%) primary sensory neurons, the intensity of immunostaining being stronger in the small- and intermediate-sized ones. Furthermore, EGFr-like IR was also observed in the satellite glial cells of the ganglia as well as in the intraganglionic and dorsal root Schwann cells. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that EGFr, and other related proteins containing the epitope labeled with the antibody F4, are responsible for the EGFr IR reported in DRG. Furthermore, we demonstrated heterogeneity in the expression of EGFr-like IR in adult human primary sensory neurons, which suggests different responsiveness to their ligands.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00187136
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    Protein gene-product 9.5 in developing mouse circumvallate papilla: comparison with neuron-specific enolase and calcitonin gene-related peptide (1996)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 194 (1996), S. 365-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Ontogeny ; Circumvallate papilla ; Taste buds ; Innervation ; Protein gene-product 9.5 ; Neuron-specific enolase ; Calcitonin gene-related peptide ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The present study was made to investigate the ontogeny of protein gene-product 9.5 (PGP 9.5)-like immunoreactivity (-LI) in the developing mouse circumvallate papilla (CVP), and its distribution was compared to that of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). In adult CVP, PGP 9.5-LI was observed in the subgemmal nerve plexus; some thin PGP 9.5-like immunoreactive (-IR) nerve fibers penetrated taste buds and apical epithelium. PGP 9.5-LI was also observed in the spindle-shaped cells in taste buds, and a small number of round- or oval-shaped ganglionic cells in the lamina propria. The distribution of NSE-LI was comparable to that of PGP 9.5-LI. CGRP-LI was observed in the nerve fibers only; distribution of CGRP-IR nerve fibers was similar to that of PGP 9.5-IR nerve fibers, although the number of CGRP-IR nerve fibers was smaller than that of PGP 9.5-IR nerve fibers. At least six developmental stages were defined with regard to the developmental changes in the distribution of PGP 9.5-LI from embryonic day (E) 12 to adulthood: Stage I (E12–13) — a dense nerve plexus of PGP 9.5-IR nerve fibers was detected in the lamina propria beneath the core of newly-formed papilla. Stage II (E14–16) — thin PGP 9.5-IR nerve fibers penetrated the apical epithelium, and a few round-shaped cells in the apical epithelium also displayed PGP 9.5-LI. Stage III (E17–18) — thin PGP 9.5-IR nerve fibers penetrated the inner lateral epithelium of the trench. Stage IV [Postnatal day (P) 0–3] many PGP 9.5-IR nerve fibers penetrated the outer lateral epithelium of the trench; later in this stage, taste buds appeared. Stage V (P5–10) — a small number of PGP 9.5 IR cells in the taste buds appeared, and their number increased gradually. Stage VI (PI4-adult) — the number of PGP 9.5-IR taste cells increased and reached the adult level, while the number of PGP 9.5-IR nerve fibers decreased. The development of NSE-LI was similar to that of PGP 9.5-LI. CGRP-IR nerve fibers were detected at E12 in the lamina propria, and the development of the intraepithelial CGRP-IR nerve fibers was similar to that of PGP 9.5-IR nerve fibers. The present results indicate that invasion by nerve fibers of the epithelium of lingual papillae occurs in a complex manner, and that these nerve fibers may participate in the formation of the taste buds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00198538
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    Chondrocytes synthesize type I collagen and accumulate the protein in the matrix during development of rat tibial articular cartilage (1996)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 194 (1996), S. 247-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Articular cartilage ; Development ; Type I collagen ; In situ hybridization ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The present study was designed to investigate whether or not chondrocytes in articular cartilage express type I collagen in vivo under physiological conditions. Expressions of the gene and the phenotype of type I collagen were examined in rat tibial articular cartilage in the knee joint during development. Knee joints of Wistar rats at 1, 5, and 11 weeks postnatal were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde with or without 0.5% glutaraldehyde and decalcified in 10% EDTA. After the specimens were embedded in paraffin and serial sections made, adjacent sections were processed for immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization for type I collagen. The epiphysis of the tibia was composed of cartilage in week-1 rats. Formation of articular cartilage was in progress in week 5 as endochondral ossification proceeded and was completed in week 11. Anti-type I collagen antibody stained only the superficial area of the epiphysis in week 1, but the immunoreactivity was expanded into the deeper region of the articular cartilage with development in weeks 5 and 11. Hybridization signals for pro-alpha 1 (I) collagen were seen in some of chondrocytes in the epiphysis of the week-1 tibia. The most intense signals were identified in chondrocytes in week 5 and the signals appeared weaker in week 11. The present study demonstrated that chondrocytes synthesize type I collagen and accumulate the protein in the matrix during development of the articular cartilage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00187135
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    Electronic Resource
    Calretinin immunoreactivity in human sympathetic ganglia (1996)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 194 (1996), S. 373-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Paravertebral sympathetic ganglia ; Calretinin ; Aging ; Immunoblotting ; Immunohistochemistry ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Calretinin is an “EF-hand” calcium-binding protein involved in the maintenance of intracellular calcium ion homeostasis. This study was understaken to investigate the presence of calretinin in human lumbar paravertebral sympathetic ganglia from subjects of different ages (26–85 years) using immunohistochemical and immunoblotting methods. Calretinin-like immunoreactivity was found in a subpopulation of postganglionic sympathetic neurons, whose percentage decreased progressively with aging by about 50% (63% of immunoreactive neurons at ≤40 years; 29% at ≥81 years) whereas the neuronal density remained basically unchanged. Calretinin-like immunoreactivity showed a granular pattern of cytoplasmic distribution suggesting preferential localization of this protein associated with intracellular membranes. Occasionally diffuse cytosolic labelling was also observed. The immunoblotting demonstrated a protein band with an estimated molecular weight of 30 kDa, approximately. Present results provide, for the first time, evidence for the presence of calretinin in human paravertebral sympathetic ganglia. Since the number of calretinin-like immunoreactive neurons decreased significantly with aging our findings suggest an involvement of this protein in the age-dependent impairment of sympathetic function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00198539
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    Widespread immunoreactivity of presenilin in neurons of normal and Alzheimer’s disease brains: double-labeling immunohistochemical study (1996)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 92 (1996), S. 325-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Presenilin ; Alzheimer’s disease ; Immunohistochemistry ; Golgi apparatus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The immunolocalization of presenilin in human brain was studied using two antibodies raised against different portions of presenilin 1 (S182) protein. A granular staining was found in the cytoplasm of neurons in cortical layers III and V. One of the antibodies, also reactive to presenilin 2 (E5-1) protein, additionally stained dendrites and axons. This was seen in normal brains as well as in brains affected by Alzheimer’s disease. Less prominent immunolabeling was noted in some senile plaques. No relationship to neurofibrillary tangles was found in double-labeling experiments combined with anti-paired helical filament-tau antibody (AT8). The widespread expression of presenilin in normal brain suggests a physiological role of the protein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050526
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    Distribution of serotonin-immunoreactivity in the brain of the pigeon (Columba livia) (1996)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 193 (1996), S. 209-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Serotonin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Central nervous system ; Pigeon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The distribution of serotonin (5-HT)-containing perikarya, fibers and terminals in the brain of the pigeon (Columba livia) was investigated, using immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence methods combined with retrograde axonal transport. Twenty-one different groups of 5-HT immunoreactive (IR) cells were identified, 2 of which were localized at the hypothalamic level (periventricular organ, infundibular recess) and 19 at the tegmental-mesencephalic and rhombencephalic levels. Ten of the cell groups were situated within the region of the midline from the isthmic to the posterior rhombencephalic level and constituted the raphe system (nucleus annularis, decussatio brachium conjunctivum, area ventralis, external border of the nucleus interpeduncularis, zona peri-nervus oculomotorius, zona perifasciculus longitudinalis medialis, zona inter-flm, nucleus linearis caudalis, nucleus raphe superior pars ventralis, nucleus raphe inferior). The 9 other cell populations belonged to the lateral group and extended from the posterior mesencephalic tegmentum to the caudal rhombencephalon [formatio reticularis mesencephali, nucleus ventrolateralis tegmenti, ectopic area (Ec) of the nucleus isthmo-opticus (NIO), nucleus subceruleus, nucleus ceruleus, nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis, nucleus vestibularis medialis, nucleus reticularis parvocellularis and nucleus reticularis magnocellularis]. Combining the retrograde axonal transport of rhodamine β-isothiocyanate (RITC) after intraocular injection and immunohistofluorescence (fluoresceine isothiocyanate: FITC/5-HT) showed the centrifugal neurons (NIO, ec) to be immunonegative. Serotonin-IR fibers and terminals were found to be very broadly distributed within the brain and were particularly prominent in several structures of the telencephalon (archistriatum pars dorsalis, nucleus taeniae, area parahippocampalis, septum), diencephalon (nuclei preopticus medianus, magnocellularis, nucleus geniculatus lateralis pars ventralis, nucleus triangularis, nucleus pretectalis), mesencephalon-rhombencephalon (superficial layers of the optic tectum, nucleus ectomamillaris, nucleus isthmo-opticus and in most of the cranial nerve nuclei). Comparing the present results with those of previous studies in birds suggests some major serotonin containing pathways in the avian brain and clarifies the possible origin of the serotonin innervation of some parts of the brain. Moreover, comparing our results in birds with those obtained in other vertebrate species shows that the organization of the serotoninergic system in many regions of the avian brain is much like that found in reptiles and mammals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00198325
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    Expression and localization of annexin V and annexin VI during limb bud formation in the rat fetus (1996)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 195 (1996), S. 31-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Chondrocyte ; Skeletal muscle ; Calcium-binding protein ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  We have investigated the expression and the localization of annexin V and annexin VI during the development of rat fetal limb buds by immunoblot and immunocytochemical analysis. Neither annexin V nor annexin VI was detectable in undifferentiated mesenchymal cells in limb buds of the day-13–day-16 rat fetus. Skeletal muscles, whose progenitor cells migrate from the somites and appeared in the limb buds at day 14, dramatically expressed annexin VI on the cell surface after differentiation from mononucleated myogenic cells into multinucleated myotubes. At day 16 both annexin V and annexin VI were found to be expressed in differentiated chondrocytes as well as in the perichondrium, a precursor of chondrocytes, whereas the compact layer of mesenchymal cells surrounding a chondrification center (precartilage) did not show any immunoreactivity for either of these proteins. The results suggest a close relationship between the expression of these annexins and cell differentiation of chondrocytes and skeletal muscles during limb but development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004290050022
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    Electronic Resource
    Perilesional neurochemical changes in focal epilepsies (1996)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 91 (1996), S. 376-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Epilepsy ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neurotransmitter ; Pathology ; Tumor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Circumscribed cortical lesions are frequently encountered in patients with chronic focal epilepsies. However, the pathogenesis of seizures is poorly understood. To determine whether the perilesional cortex shows evidence for abnormal excitatory or inhibitory neurochemical activity, we immunohistochemically examined the distribution of the α1 subunit of the GABAA receptor (GABAR), the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subunit 1 (NR1), and glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) in 30 surgical specimens of neocortical epilepsy-associated lesions. These comprised 7 low-grade gliomas, 2 gangliogliomas, 2 dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors, 4 glioneuronal malformations, 5 vascular malformations, and 10 glial or gliomesodermal scars. All specimens originated from patients with chronic pharmacoresistant epilepsy. In 73% of the cases there was a distinct difference in immunoreactivity for GABAR, GAD or NR1 between the perilesional zone and the normal cortex. With each of the markers there was reduced perilesional immunoreactivity in 30% of the specimens. Increased staining for GAD was seen in 17%, for GABAR in 7%, and for NR1 in 13% of the cases. The age at surgery, onset of seizures, epilepsy duration, and maximal seizure frequency did not differ significantly between patients with normal and those with altered perilesional immunoreactivity patterns. Although the perilesional changes for GAD, GABAR or NR1 were heterogeneous, they suggest a disturbed balance between excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission which may contribute to the pathogenesis of focal seizures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050439
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    Light microscopy study of low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor and phosphoprotein B-50/neuromodulin in inflammatory myopathies (1996)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 91 (1996), S. 409-415 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Nerve growth factor ; Low-affinity nerve ; growth factor receptor ; Phosphoprotein B-50/ ; neuromodulin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Human ; skeletal muscle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Phosphoprotein B-50, also termed neuromodulin or growth-associated protein GAP43, is a membrane-bound molecule expressed in neurons. It is particularly abundant during periods of axonal outgrowth in development and regeneration of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Recently it was reported that B-50 plays a role in the growth morphology of regenerating muscle fibers. Moreover, in vitro studies have demonstrated that the expression of B-50 in the pheochromocytoma PC12 cells can be stimulated by the nerve growth factor (NGF). Expression of the low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor (LNGFR) during muscle regeneration has also been reported. Here, we studied the expression of NGF, LNGFR and B-50 in myopathy. To investigate the state of regeneration, we examined serial sections stained to demonstrate neural cell adhesion molecule and desmin. Light microscopy showed that muscle fiber regeneration in idiopathic inflammatory myopathy corresponds closely to NGF, LNGFR and B-50 immunoreactivity. The coexpression of phosphoprotein B-50, NGF and LNGFR in regenerating muscle fiber corroborates the assumption that in muscle there is a trophic pathway concerning phosphorylation or de novo synthesis of B-50 by the NGF via the LNGFR. In conclusion, a simultaneous expression of NGF, LNGFR and B-50 in muscles plays a role in the growth morphology of regenerating muscle fibers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050443
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    Accumulation of peripheral myelin protein 22 in onion bulbs and Schwann cells of biopsied nerves from patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A (1996)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 92 (1996), S. 454-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words PMP-22 ; CMT1A ; Onion bulb formation ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP-22) is a glycoprotein expressed in the myelin sheath of myelinated Schwann cells. Duplication of the PMP-22 gene and its gene dosage effect have been postulated to be involved in the pathogenesis in the majority of individuals with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A). Northern blot analysis has demonstrated that the mean relative ratio of PMP-22 mRNA/β-actin mRNA in biopsied nerves of patients with CMT1A is significantly higher than that in disease controls. To investigate whether the elevated expression of PMP-22 mRNA is reflected in the amount and the localization of PMP-22, we analyzed PMP-22, myelin basic protein (MBP), protein zero (P0), and S-100 immunoreactivities in biopsied nerves from six patients with CMT1A, five patients with other types of CMT, five patients with acquired demyelinating neuropathies, and two normal subjects. In all patients with CMT other than CMT1A and acquired demyelinating neuropathy, as well as in normal subjects, the myelin sheath was immunoreactive for PMP-22, MBP, and P0, while the Schwann cell cytoplasm was immunoreactive only for S-100. In five out of six patients with CMT1A, however, the PMP-22 immunoreactivity was present not only on the myelin sheath but also in the Schwann cell cytoplasm and onion bulbs (OBs). Although OBs are nonspecific and also seen in other inherited or acquired demyelinating neuropathies, the PMP-22-positive OBs were seen exclusively in CMT1A.The finding suggested that the expression of PMP-22 was abnormal for its localization and probably for the amount in patients with CMT1A carrying duplication of the PMP-22 gene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050546
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    Amyloid P immunoreactivity precedes C4d deposition on extracellular neurofibrillary tangles (1996)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 93 (1996), S. 87-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Lytico-bodig ; Guam ; Alzheimer’s disease ; Complement system ; β-Amyloid protein ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Extracellular neurofibrillary tangles (eNFTs) are the insoluble cytoskeletal debris left behind when neurons with intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (iNFTs) die. Reactive microglia and reactive astrocytes gather around eNFTs. Many inflammatory proteins are deposited in their vicinity, including activated components of the classical complement pathway. Agents which are potential activators of the pathway include β-amyloid protein (Aβ) and amyloid P (AP), since these in vitro activators have been reported to be associated with both senile plaques (SPs) and eNFTs. To investigate the apparent order in which these proteins are deposited, we studied by immunohistochemistry the relative association of AP, Aβ, and the classical complement protein C4d with eNFTs in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), parkinsonism-dementia complex of Guam (lytico-bodig, LB), and elderly non-demented cases. In normal elderly cases with mild tangle development, most but not all eNFTs were AP positive. Substantially fewer eNFTs were C4d positive, and in two of the three cases no eNFTs were Aβ positive. In AD and mild LB cases with more extensive tangle development, a high portion of eNFTs were AP positive, and most of them were C4d positive. Only a few were Aβ positive. In severe LB cases, with dense tangle development, almost all eNFTs were AP and C4d positive, and a significant number were also Aβ positive. AP seems to be deposited early in eNFT exposure and could therefore be a potential activator of the complement pathway, while Aβ deposition occurs relatively late in the process, and is therefore unlikely to be responsible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050586
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    Familial desmin myopathies and cytoplasmic body myopathies (1996)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 92 (1996), S. 499-510 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Cytoplasmic body myopathy ; Spheroid ; body myopathy ; Desmin myopathy ; Electron ; microscopy ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and biochemical studies were performed on seven patients from five families showing an abnormal accumulation of desmin in the muscle fibers. Late onset myopathy was observed in all the cases studied. The clinical features were heterogeneous and usually nonspecific. However, some patients presented with dysphonia, dysphagia or cardiomyopathy. These features are highly suggestive of desmin myopathy. Using electron microscopy, desmin myopathy is characterized by an accumulation of granulofilamentous material. Depending on the distribution of the material, however, three different patterns of desmin accumulation can be observed: (1) large circumscribed inclusions, (2) intermyofibrillar areas of diffusely distributed material, and (3) deposits around large spheroid bodies. The second pattern is characterized by a rubbed-out appearance using oxidative enzyme reactions. For all the patients studied here, the immunohistochemical data showed that the desmin accumulation fitted these three patterns of distribution. For six patients, immunoblot analysis confirmed the desmin accumulation patterns and showed that an increase in the expression of the 53-kDa protein had occurred. The third pattern of desmin accumulation confirms the pathological heterogeneity of cytoplasmic and spheroid bodies. Desmin does not accumulate in all cytoplasmic and spheroid body myopathies, as observed in two other familial cases presented here.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050552
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    A case of primary progressive aphasia with abnormally ubiquitinated neurites in the cerebral cortex (1996)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 92 (1996), S. 520-524 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Primary progressive aphasia ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ubiquitin ; Spongy degeneration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report the histopathological and immunohistochemical findings in a patient with primary progressive aphasia and abnormally ubiquitinated neurites in the cerebral cortex. Neuropathological examination showed severe neuronal loss and astrocytosis with a spongy change in the frontal cortex and neostriatum. Immunohistochemistry for ubiquitin antibody showed many immunoreactive dystrophic neurites in the superficial layer of the affected cortices and putamen. Those neurites were neither argentophilic nor stained with other antibodies against neurofilament, tau, or microtubule-associated protein-2. There were no neuropathological changes characteristic of Alzheimer’s disease, Pick’s disease, or Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Immunoelectron microscopy using anti-ubiquitin antibody showed inclusions in the dendrites, consisting mainly of granular and filamentous material. These pathological features, unusual in primary progressive aphasia, indicate the neuropathological heterogeneity of this disease condition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050555
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    Electronic Resource
    Developmental changes of glutamate receptors in the rat cerebral cortex and hippocampus (1996)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 195 (1996), S. 65-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole proprionic acid receptor ; Glutamate receptor development ; Immunohistochemistry ; Synaptogenesis ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  We studied the immunohistochemial localization of the glutamate receptors (GluR-1, -2, and -3,) in the developing rat cerebral cortex and hippocampus using antibodies to GluR1 and to an epitope common to GluR2 and GluR3 (GluR2/3) subunits. In the cerebral cortex, GluR1 immunoreactivity appeared in the neurons from postnatal day (PND) 0, increased with maturation, was highest at PND 10, decreased until PND 30, and thereafter remained at the same level as on PND 0. GluR2/3 immunoreactivity appeared earlier in scattered neurons on embryonal day (ED) 18, increased with maturation and reached a peak between PND 10 and PND 15, after which the immunoreactivity gradually decreased and reached a plateau at PND 30. For both GluR1 and GluR2/3, some of the pyramidal neurons showed intense staining. In the pyramidal layers of the hippocampus, GluR1 and GluR2/3 immunoreactivity was found in all the pyramidal neurons of the CA1–4 area from ED 20. In the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, GluR1 and GluR2/3 immunoreactivity was found in the neurons of the granule cells after PND 0. Immunoreactivity in the neurons of the subiculum was found after PND 5 and that of the polymorphic cell layers was found after PND 15–20. Our results indicate that the development of glutamate receptor subunits in the rat cerebral cortex and hippocampus is expressed in different spatial patterns and distinct temporal patterns throughout development and is scheduled during the early postnatal period, when synaptic plasticity or synaptic connection occurs in these regions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004290050025
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    Spatial and temporal pattern of smooth muscle cell differentiation during development of the vascular system in the mouse embryo (1996)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 194 (1996), S. 515-526 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Vascular system ; Smooth muscle cell ; Immunohistochemistry ; α-smooth muscle actin ; Mouse embryo
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The initial phase of smooth muscle differentiation in the vascular system of the mouse embryo was observed immunohistochemically with monoclonal antibody against α-smooth muscle actin. Few smooth muscle cells were detected in the vascular system of the 9.5-day embryo, where only the dorsal aorta and umbilical artery showed signs of smooth muscle differentiation. In the 10.5-day embryo, smooth muscle cells were observed in the dorsal aorta, ventral aorta, omphalomesenteric artery and vein, umbilical artery and vein, internal carotid artery, aortic arches III and IV, and subclavian artery. The extent of smooth muscle differentiation varied among these vessels and among regions of a vessel. At 11.5 days of gestation, smooth muscle cells appeared in the basilar artery, vertebral artery, aortic arches VI, intersomitic artery, ductus venosus, and caudal artery. Smooth muscle cells were absent from the venous system characteristic of the embryo at the stages examined. Alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive cells were also observed in allantoic mesoderm in the placenta at 9.5 days, when the umbilical vessels were not surrounded by smooth muscle cells. Vascular smooth muscle cells appear to arise independently from mesenchyme at multiple sites in the vascular system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00185997
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    Integrins on joint cartilage chondrocytes and alterations by ofloxacin or magnesium deficiency in immature rats (1996)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 70 (1996), S. 261-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Key words Quinolone-induced arthropathy ; Magnesium deficiency ; Joint cartilage ; Integrin expression ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Recently, we showed that magnesium deficiency induces lesions in knee joint cartilage from 5-week-old rats that are very similar to ofloxacin-induced cartilage defects. We concluded that quinolone-induced arthropathy is probably due to chelation of magnesium and thus a deficit in functionally available magnesium in joint cartilage (Stahlmann et al. 1995). As magnesium deficiency in joint cartilage could impair chondrocyte-matrix interaction which is mediated by cation-dependent integrin receptors of the β1-subfamily, we investigated integrin expression in joint cartilage from untreated, ofloxacin-treated and magnesium-deficient Wistar rats. With immunohistochemical methods using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, we showed that the integrin pattern in joint cartilage from rats corresponded largely to integrin expression described for human cartilage tissue: β1, α1, α3 and αν subunits and the α5β1 and ανβ3 heterodimers were consistently expressed. Joint cartilage lesions were detected in ofloxacin-treated and magnesium-deficient rats. Lesions were more pronounced in the quinolone-treated group. Expression of several integrins was reduced in the vicinity of lesions after oral treatment with 2 × 600 mg ofloxacin/kg for 1 day. Gross-structural lesions (e. g., cleft formation, unmasked collagen fibres) in magnesium-deficient rats were very similar but changes in integrin expression were less pronounced. On the other hand, changes in cartilage matrix composition showed similar alterations in ofloxacin-treated and magnesium-deficient rats: fibronectin deposition in the cartilage matrix increased in both groups while glycosaminoglycan content decreased. In summary, similar defects occur in ofloxacin-treated and magnesium-deficient rats and with immunohistochemical methods subtle differences are demonstrable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002040050272
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    Das epitheloidzellige Histiozytom (1996)
    Springer
    Der Hautarzt 47 (1996), S. 526-529 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1173
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Epitheloidzelliges Histiozytom ; Immunhistologie ; Key words Epithelioid cell histiocytoma ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary We report on seven examples of this rare, only recently described benign tumor, which presented clinically as solitary elevated nodules on the lower (n=5) and upper (n=2) extremity, measuring between 0.6 and 1.1 cm in diameter. Histologically, all tumors were well-defined with a characteristic epidermal collarette. There were abundant (60–80%) epithelioid cells with prominent cytoplasm, a vesicular nucleus and inconspicuous nucleolus, as well as a number of dilated blood vessels. Immunohistologically, tumor cells did not react with monocyte/macrophage antibodies (KP1, MAC387). In addition, there was no evidence of myofibroblastic differentiation (alpha-smooth muscle actin and desmin negative). Thus, while immunohistological markers are helpful to exclude the diagnosis of other tumors, they do not shed light on the differentiation of epithelioid cell histiocytomas. The present cases are identical to those described originally. Recently similar lesions have been described in deeper parts of the corium as well as more cellular forms. Epithelioid cell histiocytoma represents a characteristic, poorly known variant within the spectrum of benign fibrous histiocytomas; it needs to be distinguished clinically and histopathologically especially from Spitz nevus.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Wir berichten über sieben Beobachtungen dieses seltenen, erst kürzlich beschriebenen, gutartigen Tumors, der klinisch in allen Fällen als solitärer leicht erhabener Knoten von 0,6 bis 1,1 cm Durchmesser an der unteren (n=5) und oberen (n=2) Extremität imponierte. Histologisch zeigte sich in allen Fällen eine gut umschriebene Läsion mit charakteristischer epidermaler Manschette. Überwiegend (60–80%) epitheloide Zellen mit reichlich Zytoplasma, vesikulärem Kern und kleinem Nukleolus sowie zahlreiche erweiterte Blutgefäße kamen zur Darstellung. Diese Zellen reagierten nicht mit Monozyten/Makrophagen Antikörpern (KP1, MAC387). Auch fanden sich keine Hinweise für eine myofibroblastische Differenzierung (Alpha-smooth muscle actin und Desmin negativ). Mit Hilfe immunhistologischer Marker können daher andere Tumoren differentialdiagnostisch abgegrenzt werden, jedoch geben sie keine Information über die Differenzierung epitheloidzelliger Histiozytome. – Unsere hier präsentierten Fälle entsprechen der primär beschriebenen Variante. Kürzlich wurde auch über ähnliche Läsionen im tieferen Korium sowie zellreichere Formen berichtet. So stellt das epitheloidzellige Histiozytom eine charakteristische, bisher wenig bekannte Variante im Spektrum gutartiger fibröser Histiozytome dar, die klinisch und histopathologisch insbesondere vom Nävus Spitz abzugrenzen ist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001050050464
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  • 68
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    Aktivierung epidermaler Melanozyten ist abhängig von epithelialer Proliferation und Vaskularisierung Immunhistologische Studie unter Verwendung des HMB-45-Antikörpers mit Literaturübersicht (1996)
    Springer
    Der Hautarzt 47 (1996), S. 616-623 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1173
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter HMB-45 ; Melanozytenaktivierung ; Immunhistochemie ; Doppelfärbungsverfahren ; Key words HMB-45 ; Melanocytic activation ; Immunohistochemistry ; Double staining technique
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Antibodies against HMB-45 antigen are widely used in the immunohistochemical investigation of melanocytic tumours as a marker of activation. While malignant transformation is one explanation for HMB-45 expression, we searched for other factors by investigating 252 biopsies of non-melanocytic skin lesions with 21 different diagnoses for the presence of HMB-45, using both single and double staining techniques. Epidermal melanocytes in lesions with an increased epithelial proliferation – either neoplastic or reactive – and lesions with a prominent vasculature showed an enhanced expression of HMB-45. The results indicate that the presence of HMB-45 is not only influenced by primary melanocytic changes but also may be dependent on epithelial proliferation and vascular factors. These mechanisms should be considered when interpreting HMB-45 staining of melanocytic lesions.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der Antikörper gegen das HMB-45-Antigen wird in der immunhistologischen Diagnostik von Pigmenttumoren als Marker der melanozytären Aktivität eingesetzt. Um neben einer malignen Transformation als Ursache für eine HMB-45-Expression weitere Induktionsmechanismen der Expression zu prüfen, untersuchten wir 252 nicht-melanozytische Läsionen mit unterschiedlichen Diagnosen im Einzel- und Doppelfärbungsverfahren. Epidermale Melanozyten in Läsionen mit einer vermehrten epithelialen Proliferation – neoplastisch oder reaktiv – und einer prominenten Vaskularisierung zeigten eine verstärkte Expression des HMB-45-Antigens. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen, daß der Nachweis des HMB-45-Antigens – im Sinne der Melanozytenaktivierung – nicht nur von primär melanozytären Faktoren abhängt, sondern daß auch ein Zusammenhang zwischen einer epithelialen Proliferation sowie der Vaskularisierung und der HMB-45-Expression besteht. Diese Faktoren sollten bei der Interpretation des Färbemusters bei Pigmenttumoren der Haut berücksichtigt werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001050050478
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  • 69
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    Cellular hybridization for BDNF. trkB, and NGF mRNAs and BDNF-immunoreactivity in rat forebrain after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (1996)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 107 (1996), S. 331-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Neurotrophins ; BDNF ; In situ hybridization ; Immunohistochemistry ; Status epilepticus ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The messenger RNAs (mRNAs) for the neurotrophins, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and nerve growth factor (NGF), are upregulated during epileptic seizure activity, as visualized by in situ hybridization techniques. Neurotrophins might be protective against excitotoxic cell stress, and the upregulation during seizures might provide such cell protection. In this study, a high dose of pilocarpine (300 mg/kg) was used to induce long-lasting, limbic motor status epilepticus and a selective pattern of brain damage. The regulation of BDNF, trkB, and NGF mRNA was studied by in situ hybridization at 1, 3, 6, and 24 h after induction of limbic motor status epilepticus. BDNF immunoreactivity was examined with an anti-peptide antibody and the neuropathological process studied in parallel. BDNF mRNA increased in hippocampus, neocortex, piriform cortex, striatum, and thalamus with a maximum at 3–6 h. Hybridization levels increased earlier in the resistant granule and CA1 cells as compared to the vulnerable CA3 neurons. BDNF immunoreactivity was elevated in dentate gyrus at 3–6 h. trKB mRNA increased in the entire hippocampus. NGF mRNA in hippocampus appeared in dentate gyrus at 3–6 h and declined in hilar neurons at 6–24 h. Cell damage was found in the CA3 area, entire basal cortex, and layers II/III of neocortex. Endogenous neurotrophins are upregulated during status epilepticus caused by pilocarpine, which is related to the coupling between neuronal excitation and trophic factor expression. This upregulation of neurotrophic factors may serve endogenous protective effects; however, the excessive levels of neuronal hyperexcitation resulting from pilocarpine seizures lead to cell damage which cannot be prevented by endogenous neurotrophins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00230416
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  • 70
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    Kongenitale familiäre plaqueförmige Glomustumoren Eine außergewöhnliche Variante multipler regionaler Glomustumoren (1996)
    Springer
    Der Hautarzt 47 (1996), S. 387-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1173
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Multiple regionale Glomustumoren ; Plaqueförmige Variante ; Histologie ; Immunhistochemie ; Differentialdiagnosen ; Key words Multiple regional glomus tumours ; Plaque-like form ; Histology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Differential diagnosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Plaque-like glomus tumours are an unusual and very rare clinical form of multiple regional glomus tumours. We report on a 16-year-old girl with this variety of glomus tumours. The irregular angiomatous plaques localized on her back and right hip were present from birth and enlarged with body growth. In addition, there were some bluish nodules scattered on the right mamma, the abdomen and the left shoulder. The family history showed hereditary influences. The proper diagnosis was based on histological and immunohistochemical findings. In the present case report, the clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical features and the differential diagnosis of multiple plaque-like glomus tumours are discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Plaqueförmige Glomustumoren sind eine ungewöhnliche, sehr seltene Form multipler regionaler Glomustumoren. Wir berichteten über ein 16jähriges Mädchen mit dieser Variante. Die irregulären angiomatösen, an Rücken und rechter Hüfte lokalisierten Glomustumoren waren seit Geburt vorhanden und vergrößerten sich mit dem Körperwachstum. Gleichzeitig bestanden nodöse Glomustumoren an rechter Mamma, Abdomen und linker Schulter. Es konnte Heredität nachgewiesen werden. Die korrekte Diagnose wurde durch histologische und immunhistochemische Untersuchungen gestellt. Anhand des demonstrierten Falles werden klinisches, histologisches und immunhistochemisches Erscheinungsbild sowie die Differentialdiagnosen multipler plaqueförmiger Glomustumoren diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001050050437
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  • 71
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    Evidence for glutamate as a neurotransmitter in spinothalamic tract terminals in the posterior region of owl monkeys (1996)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 108 (1996), S. 33-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Thalamus ; Glutamate ; Pain ; Monkey
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Previous studies have suggested that glutamate is a neurotransmitter in ascending somatosensory pathways to the thalamus. The present study examined with quantitative immunohistochemical methods the presence of glutamate in spinothalamic tract terminals of owl monkeys (Aotus trivirgatus). Such terminals in the posterior region, in which a nucleus was recently identified as a specific pain and temperature relay in macaques and humans, were labeled by anterograde transport of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase, injected into the spinal dorsal horn. Glutamate-like immunoreactivity was demonstrated with a postembedding immunogold procedure using a well-characterized glutamate antiserum. Quantitative analysis of the immunogold labeling demonstrated that the spinothalamic tract terminals contained more than twice the tissue average of glutamate-like immunoreactivity. Enrichment of glutamate-like immunoreactivity was also found in terminals of presumed cortical origin. Presynaptic dendrites, cell bodies and non-vesicle-containing dendrites diplayed low levels of glutamate-like immunoreactivity. A strong positive correlation (r=0.69; P〈0.0001) was found between the density of synaptic vesicles and the density of gold particles in spinothalamic tract terminals, in contrast to a weak negative relationship (r= -0.28; P=0.089) present in GABAergic presynaptic dendrites. These data provide strong evidence that the gold labeling in the spinothalamic tract terminals represents transmitter labeling, implying that glutamate is a neurotransmitter for ascending nociceptive and thermoreceptive information in primates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00242902
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  • 72
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    Diagnosis and clinical management in malignant Müllerian tumors of the fallopian tube (1996)
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 258 (1996), S. 47-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: Malignant mixed Müllerian tumors (MMMT) ; Fallopian tube ; Homologous type ; Immunohistochemistry ; Chemotherapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Four out of 42 cases of primary tubal malignancy diagnosed in our histopathological laboratory were malignant mixed Müllerian tumors (MMMT). All four patients were postmenopausal with a mean age of 66.5 years at diagnosis. A correct preoperative diagnosis was made only in one case. Tumor staging (FIGO) revealed stage Ila, IIIc and IV. One patient died of postoperative pulmonary embolism, a second patient of an unknown cause five month after surgery and a third patient died of disease after I I months with secondary deposits in pelvic peritoneum, omentum and paraaortic lymph nodes. The fourth patient is still alive. One patient received chemotherapy alone, one by radiation and chemotherapy and two patients by radiation alone. Tumor spread at the time of diagnosis and the residual tumor volume were the most important prognostic factors. All tumors were histologically the homologous type of MMMT (carcinosarcomas). No heterologous elements were found. Metastatic tumors showed only sarcomatous elements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01370932
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  • 73
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    Immunohistochemical localization of NO synthases in normal human skin and psoriatic skin (1996)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 288 (1996), S. 625-627 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Key words Nitric oxide ; Keratinocyte ; Eccrine gland ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004030050114
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  • 74
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    The occurrence of cutaneous nerve endings and neuropeptides in vitiligo vulgaris: a case-control study (1996)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 288 (1996), S. 670-675 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Key words Neuropeptide ; Neuronal structural marker ; Immunohistochemistry ; Human skin ; Melanocyte ; destruction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Pioneering studies both in humans and animals have demonstrated an association between the peripheral nervous system and epidermal melanocyte destruction. The presence of certain neuropeptides and neuronal structural markers in peripheral nerve fibres was investigated in involved and uninvolved vitiligo skin and compared with normal healthy skin. A group of 18 vitiligo vulgaris patients and matched healthy volunteers participated in the investigation. The indirect immunofluorescence technique was employed. There was a tendency for a reduction in the number and intensity of low affinity (p75) nerve growth factor receptor immunoreactive (NGFr-IR) basal keratinocytes in involved vitiliginous skin ( P 〈 0.06) compared with control skin, while the number of NGFr-IR nerve fibres was significantly increased ( P 〈 0.01). The number of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-IR nerve fibres in the epidermis and papillary dermis was dramatically increased in involved skin as compared with control skin ( P 〈 0.01) and with uninvolved skin ( P 〈 0.05). No clear difference could be found in the distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)- and neuropeptide tyrosine (NPY)-IR nerve fibres. A different structural appearance of the peripheral nervous system as well as a changed balance of neuropeptides in vitiliginous skin point to a critical role of the nervous system in the pathogenesis of vitiligo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004030050122
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  • 75
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    Regulation of keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation by all-trans-retinoic acid, 9-cis-retinoic acid and 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 (1996)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 288 (1996), S. 729-738 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Key words Keratinocyte proliferation ; Differentiation ; Retinoids ; 1 ; 25-Dihydroxy vitamin D3 ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We studied the effect of all- trans retinoic acid (all- trans -RA), 9- cis -retinoic acid (9- cis -RA) and 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D 3 (1,25(OH) 2 D 3 ) on proliferation and differentiation of human keratinocytes cultured in a submerged culture system for up to 5 weeks and evaluated changes in cell morphology and in the expression of proliferation- and terminal differentiation-related genes on both the mRNA and the protein levels. Under control culture conditions, the expression of small proline-rich proteins (SPRR1 and SPRR2), involucrin, Ki67 and c-jun reached a maximum after 2 weeks in culture (1 week postconfluence) and then decreased as the tissue architecture of the cultures deteriorated. Upon simultaneous treatment with both retinoids and 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 a culture was generated that remained stable for 4 weeks with at least eight living cell layers. Furthermore, this culture showed a pattern of SPRR2 and involucrin expression which closely resembled that of native epidermis, a maintained Ki67 expression and a strongly induced c-jun expression. Treatment with 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 alone inhibited cell proliferation and stimulated cell differentiation resulting in acceleration of the differentiated phenotype and was accompanied by inhibition of c-jun and Ki67 expression and also, surprisingly, by inhibition of SPRR1, SPRR2 and involucrin expression. In contrast, treatment with all- trans -RA and/or 9- cis -RA induced a more proliferative phenotype with a prolonged lifespan as compared to control cultures. SPRR1 was weakly repressed, SPRR2 was strongly repressed, a delayed induction of involucrin occurred, and c-jun and Ki67 expression were maintained. These results show that modulation of the composition of the medium by the addition of various vitamins results in changes in the balance between keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation which correspond to changes in the expression of proliferation and differentiation markers and prolongation of the culture lifespan.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004030050133
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  • 76
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    The immunohistochemical effects of a single challenge with an intermediate dose of ultraviolet B on normal human skin (1996)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 288 (1996), S. 510-516 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Key words In vivo model ; UVB ; Intermediate dose ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation has extensively been advocated for use in the investigation of cutaneous inflammation in vivo. Mostly doses above the threshold of skin damage have been used. Therefore it is not clear whether the changes observed are specific effects of UVB or to a certain extent represent wound healing. In this study the dose-dependent effects of UVB on normal human skin were assessed using histology and immunohistochemistry. The dose of 1 MED was chosen as a dose unducing tissue changes with adequate morphology: no toxicity but evident immunohistochemical changes. The sequential effects of this 1 MED of UVB were studied for up to 14 days after irradiation, using immunohistochemistry with a panel of monoclonal antibodies. Substantial effects were observed, mainly on proliferation and differentiation; the markers for inflammation did not reveal major changes. This model might be a promising approach to evaluate the effect of drugs on epidermal proliferation and differentiation in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004030050094
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  • 77
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    Overexpression of p53 protein and histologic grades of dysplasia in colorectal adenomas (1996)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 39 (1996), S. 562-567 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: p53 ; Colorectal adenoma ; Colorectal carcinoma ; Adenoma-carcinoma sequence ; Dysplasia ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: To clarify the relation between tumor-suppressor gene p53 expression and histologic grades of dysplasia in colorectal adenomas, we performed immunohistochemical analysis in a series of 59 colorectal polyps and 40 advanced carcinomas. METHODS: Adenomatous polyps were stained by hematoxylin and eosin and classified into mild, moderate, and severe dysplasia (intramucosal carcinoma), according to the World Health Organization's classification. RESULTS: p53 was positive in 7.1 percent (2/28) of mild, 29.4 percent (5/17) of moderate, and 62.5 percent (5/8) of severe dysplasia. In submucosal and advanced carcinomas, positivity rates were 75 percent (3/4) and 47.5 percent (19/40), respectively. Different staining patterns were found, according to grades of dysplasia. In the adenomas with mild or moderate dysplasia, a few focal crypts showed localized p53-positive staining. Adenomas with severe dysplasia had two different staining types. One was a focal staining type as shown in mild or moderate dysplasia; the other was a diffuse staining type, in which glands with mild or moderate dysplasia, surrounding severe dysplasia area, were also stained. Submucosal and advanced carcinomas showed a strong positive staining in cancer cells only. CONCLUSIONS: Overexpression of p53 protein in adenomas with mild or moderate dysplasia and existence of two types of expression in adenomas with severe dysplasia were observed. These facts suggested the possible existence of different pathways in the adenoma to carcinoma progression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02058712
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  • 78
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    Immunocytochemical study of parvalbumin, calbindin D-28k, and calretinin in the superficial dorsal horn of the rat spinal cord following unilateral hindpaw inflammation (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of anesthesia 10 (1996), S. 211-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-8359
    Keywords: Parvalbumin ; Calbindin D-28k ; Calretinin ; Spinal cord ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of noxious stimulation on the immunore-activity of the calcium-binding proteins parvalbumin (PV), calbindin-D-28k (CB) and calretinin (CR) was investigated in the superficial dorsal horn of lumbar levels L5-L3 of the rat spinal cord. Freund's adjuvant was injected unilaterally into the hindpaw to induce inflammation. Immunohistochemical techniques were utilized to investigate changes in the calcium-binding proteins 2h and 1, 2, 4, and 7 days after injection. At 24h after injection, a decrease in the intensity of fluorescence of PV-immunoreactive (IR) fibers was observed in the superficial layer (substantia gelatinosa) of the ipsilateral dorsal horn (L5-L3) in most animals. Comparatively fewer animals exhibited changes in the CB- and CR-IR fibers, except at the L3 level 2 days after, and at the L4 level 7 days after the hindpaw injection. After the peak response, at 24h in most animals, there was a decline in the number of responders at 2 days and no differences were noted at 4 days. However, at 7 days, there was again an increase in the number of animals revealing diminished fluorescence intensity in the ipsilateral substantia gelatinosa. Changes in immunoreactivity of calcium binding proteins in the interneurons of the superficial lumbar dorsal horn may reflect hyperactivity within these neurons following noxious stimulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02471393
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  • 79
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    Growth patterns and cell kinetics of human osteosarcoma xenografts in serial passages in nude mice analysed byin vivo labelling with iododeoxyuridine (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 122 (1996), S. 141-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Osteosarcoma ; Nude mice ; Cell kinetics ; Flow cytometry ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A human osteoblastic osteosarcoma was transplanted in nude mice and followed in seven serial passages. Tumour growth, structure and cell proliferation were studied in order to test the validity of the experimental tumour model. Tumour cell kinetics was analysed by in vivo labelling with the thymidine analogue iododeoxyuridine (IdUrd). Immunohistochemistry was used to measure the IdUrd labelling index. Duration of S phase (t S) was estimated by flow cytometry. From these two parameters potential doubling time (t pot) was calculated. Cell kinetic parameters showed low variations between passages and also between xenografts in the same passage. Smaller variations oft S compared to labelling index andt pot were found.t pot was generally short with an interpassageal mean of 1.3 days and CV=14.8%. All xenografts showed DNA aneuploidy (mean DNA index=1.6). Homogeneous tumour growth was indicated by low variations of volume doubling time and lag time. There was no correlation between tumour growth and cell proliferation. Histopathological characteristics of the donor patient's tumour were retained during serial transplantation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01366953
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  • 80
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    Aromatase in breast cancer tissue — localization and relationship with reproductive status of patients (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 122 (1996), S. 495-498 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Aromatase ; Breast cancer ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The precise place of local estrogen production in mammary cancer is still controversial. In this investigation localization of aromatase (the key enzyme of estrogen biosynthesis) was studied in breast cancer tissue by immunohistochemical method using polyclonal rabbit antibodies. The cytoplasmic staining was found in different cell types, but the most intensive specific staining was found in malignant cells and it was stronger (P〈0.01) in postmenopausal patients than in patients of reproductive age.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01187162
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  • 81
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    Immunostaining of p53 protein in ovarian carcinoma: correlation with histopathological data and clinical outcome (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 122 (1996), S. 489-494 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: p53 ; Tumor-suppressor gene ; Ovarian carcinoma ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the incidence of immunohistochemically detectable p53 protein accumulation in epithelial ovarian carcinomas and to correlate these data with the clinical outcome so as to clarify further the role of p53 mutations in prognosis with these patients.Methods: Tumor tissues from 179 patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma were used for immuno-histochemical analysis with monoclonal antibody DO1 and BP 53-12-1 on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue.Results: A total of 78 cases (44%) showed positive nuclear p53 staining. The p53-positive cases were found in all histological types of epithelial ovarian tumors. p53 staining was found in tumors of all stages with a higher percentage of positive cases in stage IV ovarian carcinomas (not significant). Poorly differentiated carcinomas showed a significantly higher percentage of p53 protein expression than did highly differentiated tumors (P=0.0002). Clinical follow-up of up to 14 years (median 25 months) showed a slightly but not significantly shortened disease-free and overall survival time for patients with p53-positive epithelial ovarian carcinomas.Conclusions: We conclude from our data that p53 expression in ovarian carcinoma is associated with poor differentiation but not with the disease being in an advanced stage. There was a tendency for shortened disease-free and overall survival for patients with p53-positive tumors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01187161
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  • 82
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    Electronic Resource
    GlutathioneS-transferase expression in malignant mesothelioma and non-neoplastic mesothelium: an immunohistochemical study (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 122 (1996), S. 619-624 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: GlutathioneS-transferase (GST) ; P-170 glycoprotein ; Mesothelioma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Survival
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Expression of the glutathioneS-transferase (GST) subclasses α, μ and π was investigated immunohistochemically in 20 normal or hyperplastic mesothelium and in 57 malignant mesothelioma cases. These results were correlated with survival and also with P-170 glycoprotein expression. Nearly all the non-neoplastic mesothelium cases were positive for GSTα and π. About half of the non-neoplastic cases were positive for μ. Twenty-nine (51%) malignant mesotheliomas were positive for at least one of the GST species; 21 (37%) showed immunoreactivity for α, 18 (31.5%) for μ and 21 (37%) for π. A total of 54 mesothelioma cases displayed immunoreactivity for the P-170 glycoprotein. For GSTπ and GSTμ, a statistical significance between expression and increased survival was found (respectivelyP=0.012 and 0.024) while for GSTα no significance was found. The results of this study demonstrate that expression of GSTπ correlates positively with increased survival in malignant mesothelioma. It is also concluded that, in mesothelioma, GST and P-170 glycoprotein may contribute to the resistance to cytotoxic drugs frequently observed in these tumours. No correlation between GST and P-170 expression was demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01221194
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  • 83
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    Electronic Resource
    The lectin-binding sites for peanut agglutinin in invasive breast ductal carcinomas and their role as a prognostic factor (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 122 (1996), S. 693-697 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Breast neoplasms ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lectins ; Neoplasms ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The present study was designed to analyze the expression of lectin-binding sites for peanut agglutinin (PNA) in paraffin sections of primary invasive ductal carcinoma not otherwise specified and to consider PNA lectin histochemistry as a further aid in the prognostic evaluation of breast cancer. The expression of lectin-binding sites was studied using the avidin-biotin complex/immunoperoxidase technique, and analyzed in relation to the different clinical, pathological, and biological parameters of the primary disease, i. e. the presence or absence of nodal metastases, pre- or post-menopausal age, size of the tumor, mitotic activity index, morphometric prognostic index, DNA content, S-phase fraction, and steroid receptor status. The results show significant differences in PNA binding patterns among malignant epithelial breast cells. There was no expression of PNA-binding sites in 14 out of 157 tumors, while 64 showed mostly apical (membrane) staining and 124 non-apical (membrane and/or cytoplasmic) staining. Apical staining was mostly observed in patients without lymph node metastasis, with positive steroid receptor status, and those who were postmenopausal diagnosis; non-apical staining was mostly observed in lymph-node-positive premenopausal patients negative for steroid receptors and with aneuploid tumor cells. Our results indicate that, in malignant breast cells, there is an alteration of cell-surface glycoconjugates, shown by heterogeneity within a histopathologically defined group, which is related to different properties of tumor cells. The apical PNA binding pattern indicates a better differentiation of tumor cells while non-apical PNA binding suggests a higher metastatic potential. Specific PNA lectin binding patterns should be considered as a further reliable prognostic factor in breast cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01209034
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  • 84
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The value of immunohistochemistry in patients with poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas and undifferentiated carcinomas of unknown primary (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 122 (1996), S. 181-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Carcinoma of unknown origin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Chemotherapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A subgroup of patients with metastatic carcinomas of unknown origin may benefit from combination chemotherapy. The relevance of immunohistochemistry in detecting such patients was investigated. Immunohistochemical studies with a panel of antibodies were performed on the tissue specimens of 41 patients having a light-microscopic diagnosis of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma or undifferentiated carcinoma of unknown origin, who had been treated with cisplatin-containing chemotherapy. The study aimed to answer the following questions: (a) Can the tissue type of the tumor be verified? (b) Can a primary organ site be identified? (c) Can a prognostic immunohistochemical profile be recognized? The original diagnosis had to be changed in 2 of the 41 patients, who turned out to have a malignant lymphoma and neuroblastoma, respectively. The primary site was diagnosed in a patient with prostate cancer, whereas in one case the diagnosis could be narrowed down to a neuroendocrine tumor. No certain immunohistochemical profile with prognostic significance could be identified. It was concluded that immunohistochemistry should be routinely used in cases of undifferentiated carcinoma of unknown primary origin to verify the histological diagnosis and to select the appropriate therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01366960
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  • 85
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    Electronic Resource
    Immunolocalization of Na/SO4-cotransport (NaSi-1) in rat kidney (1996)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 432 (1996), S. 373-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Key words Kidney ; Proximal tubules ; Sodium-dependent sulphate cotransport ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The proximal tubule is the major site for renal reabsorption of sulphate. A sodium-dependent transport system for sulphate (NaSi-1) has recently been identified from a rat kidney cortex cDNA library. Recent work demonstrated that NaSi-1 mRNA is expressed predominantly in proximal tubules. In the present work expression along the nephron of the Na/SO4-cotransporter NaSi-1 was studied by immunofluorescence. A polyclonal antibody was raised in rabbits against a fusion protein containing a 53-amino-acid polypeptide specific for the NaSi-1 sequence. The anti-NaSi-1 polyclonal antibody specifically detected a 68-kDa protein on Western blots and, by immunofluorescence specific staining, was observed in MDCK cells transfected with the NaSi-1 cotransporter. Using rat kidney cortex slices specific NaSi-1-related immunoreactivity was detected in proximal tubules and was restricted to the apical membrane. No immunoreactivity was observed in the other nephron segments. This was confirmed by Western blot analysis using proximal tubular apical and basolateral membranes isolated by free-flow electrophoresis. The results indicate that the Na/SO4-cotransporter NaSi-1 is expressed in the apical membrane of proximal tubular cells and is therefore likely to be involved in proximal reabsorption of sulphate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004240050147
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  • 86
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuroendocrine cells in the cat laryngeal epithelium (1996)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 253 (1996), S. 287-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Larynx ; Mucus secretion ; Neuroendocrine cells ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The structure and distribution of neuroendocrine cells in the feline laryngeal epithelium were examined using immunohistochemical techniques. Neuroendocrine cells were often spindle shaped, with cytoplasmic processes directed towards the lumen and basement membrane. The apical portion of the cells usually reached the laryngeal lumen with microvillous projections. The cytoplasm always contained variable numbers of electrondense cored vesicles. The number of neuroendocrine cells decreased in the following order: subglottis, posterior glottis, supraglottis, anterior glottis. Neuroendocrine cells contained calcitonin gene-related peptide, substance P and/or 5-hydroxytryptamine. They also showed protein gene product 9.5 or neuron-specific enolase immunoreactivity. These observations suggest that neuroendocrine cells play a part in the regulatory function of the cat larynx by releasing various peptides. These substances may contribute to allergic reactions or control mucus secretion by acting via the endocrine or paracrine pathways and/or neurosecretory pathways.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00171145
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  • 87
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    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical detection of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in middle ear cholesteatoma (1996)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 253 (1996), S. 21-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Cholesteatoma proliferation ; DNA synthesis ; Proliferating cell nuclear antigen ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cholesteatoma epithelium is characterized by a keratinocyte dysregulation accompanied by destruction of the ossicles and temporal bone. Immunohistochemical methods using antibodies to cell-cycle-related antigens can be used as a means for assessing various aspects of proliferation in cholesteatoma tissue. They also have the important advantage of preserving the spatial orientation of proliferating cells in histological sections. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a 36 kDa DNA-delta-polymerase-associated protein that is directly involved in the mechanisms of DNA synthesis. In the present study the expression of PCNA was investigated in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens of cholesteatomas and normal skin. Normal skin revealed nuclear staining in a small number of keratinocytes (PCNA grade, 1.5) located in the basal cell layer. In contrast, an increased number of PCNA-labeled basal and suprabasal epidermal cells (PCNA grade, 9.3) were found in cholesteatoma samples. Our findings indicate that PCNA represents a reliable marker for epithelial proliferation, showing that cholesteatoma epithelium proliferates at a higher rate than normal epidermis. These findings also support the concept of keratinocyte dysregulation in middle ear cholesteatoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00176697
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  • 88
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    Electronic Resource
    Age-related changes in the localization of glycosaminoglycans in condylar cartilage of the mandible in rats (1996)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 194 (1996), S. 489-500 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Temporomandibular joint ; Immunohistochemistry ; Proteoglycan ; Aging ; Development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract There is little information available regarding the morphological and biomolecular characteristics of mandibular condylar cartilage. The purpose of this study was to determine the age-related changes in the morphology and immunolocalization of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in mandibular condyles. The mandibular condylar cartilages from 4-, 8-, 16-, 32-, and 64-week-old Wistar male rats were examined to verify the localization of chondroitin-4-sulfate (Ch-4S), chondroitin-6-sulfate (Ch-6S) and keratan sulfate (KS) using an indirect immunofluorescent technique with three monoclonal antibodies for glycosaminoglycans, 2-B-6, 3-B-3 and 5-D-4, respectively. Morphologically, the condylar cartilage was a growth cartilage during growing periods, began to differentiate into articular cartilage from the central area of 16-week-old condyles, and became mature articular cartilage at 32 weeks of age. A regional difference was found in the morphological features and distribution of GAGs between the anterior, central, postero-superior and posterior areas of the condyles at each age. The immunohistochemical localizations of these three glycosaminoglycans showed age-related, morphology-dependent changes, from growth cartilage to articular cartilage-like cartilage. Immunoreactions for all of the antibodies decreased progressively with age in the interterritorial matrix, while the pericellular and territorial matrix in the condylar cartilage of the mandible maintained relatively higher immunoreactivity. In conclusion, age-related and regional differences in the localization of glycosaminoglycans Ch-4S, Ch-6S, and KS were found in the mandibular condyles in rats, and these changes are believed to be related to functional and developmental requirements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00185995
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  • 89
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    Electronic Resource
    Development and ageing of the articular cartilage of the rabbit knee joint: distribution of the fibrillar collagens (1996)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 194 (1996), S. 607-619 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Cavitation ; Bone ; Immunohistochemistry ; In situ hybridization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The development of the articular cartilage of the rabbit knee joint from the 17-day fetus to the 2-year adult rabbit has been examined. At 17 days, the developing femur and tibia are separated by the interzone. Cavitation occurs around 25 days; the cells of the intermediate layer flatten and move onto those of the chondogenous layers to create the articular surfaces. After birth, growth of the cartilage is mainly the result of matrix production. Ossification of the epiphyses is complete by 6 weeks postpartum. Horizontal zones can be distinguished in the articular cartilage; the superficial cells are aligned parallel to the surface, but in the deep layers the cells are in columns. The tidemark is first seen at 12–14 weeks. The matrix of the interzone in the 17-day fetus contains types I, III and V collagens, but no type II. After cavitation at 25 days, the surface layer of the articular cartilage still contains type I, but no type II collagen. From 6 weeks postnatal onwards, type II collagen is present throughout the cartilage and type I disappears. Type III collagen is initially in the interterritorial matrix, but later it is mainly pericellular. Type V collagen is pericellular both in the chondrogenous layers and later in the articular cartilage, but is not present in the epiphyseal cartilage below. From 6 weeks onwards, types III and V collagens create a capsule around all the chondrocytes above the tidemark. The relationship of types V and XI collagens is discussed. It is concluded that the articular chondrocytes form a unique subset of cells from the earliest stages of joint formation in the fetal rabbit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00187473
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  • 90
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bcl-2 immunoreactivity in prostate tumorigenesis in relation to prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, grade, hormonal status, metastatic growth and survival (1996)
    Springer
    Urological research 24 (1996), S. 257-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Bcl-2 ; Immunohistochemistry ; Prostate cancer ; Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia ; Prognosis ; Castration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The Bcl-2 protein prolongs cell survival by overriding apoptosis. To explore the role of Bcl-2 in prostate tumorigenesis, immunoreactivity for Bcl-2 was examined in untreated and androgen-deprived tumours and lymph node metastasis. Following the transurethral resection, 150 untreated patients were maintained under surveillance until death or for a minimum of 11 years, and castration was performed at symptomatic progression. The Bcl-2 index (BI) was defined as the percentage of immunoreactive cells in a tumour. The mean BI was 12 in the untreated tumours, and BI was significantly higher in high-grade tumours, mean BI 17, than in low-grade tumours, mean BI 6. There was no correlation between BI and stage or metastatic disease, nor did BI predict cancer-specific survival. In 16 androgen-deprived, but non-relapsed tumours, the mean BI was 54, at a mean time of 22 months after castration, indicating a permanent increase of Bcl-2 protein expression after androgen withdrawal. In six patients, tissues from the prostate tumour and obturator lymph node metastasis were available. Four primary tumours immunostained for Bcl-2, but only one metastasis stained. Foci of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) were present in 44 of the 150 untreated tumours. All PIN foci were intensely immunoreactive for Bcl-2, and mean BI was 79, suggesting that Bcl-2 protein expression is associated with early prostate tumorigenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304774
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  • 91
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    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between thallium-201 uptake and tumour proliferative ability in thyroid nodules (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of nuclear medicine 23 (1996), S. 376-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Thyroid nodule ; Thallium-201 scintigraphy ; Proliferative activity ; Proliferating cell nuclear antigen ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To evaluate whether thallium-201 scan can reflect tumour proliferative activity in thyroid nodules. We compared the degree of 201T1 uptake with the tumour proliferative ability as assessed immunohistochmically by the labelling index of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in malignant and benign thyroid nodules. The case material comprised ten benign and 31 malignant surgically resected nodules from a total of 41 patients.201TI scan was performed 5 min (early scan) and 2 h (delayed scan) after intravenous injection of 74 MBq of201Tl. The degree of201TI uptake was visually divided into three grades [from (-) to (++)], as compared with its uptake in normal adjacent thyroid tissue. Immunohistochemical staining of PCNA was performed using a monoclonal antibody for PC 10 on paraffin-embedded specimens. On both the early and the delayed scans, the mean PCNA index in the nodules with an intense201T1, i.e. (++), was significantly higher than that in nodules with a lower or with negative 201T1 uptake. The correlation was higher on the delayed 201T1 scan (P=0.009) than on the early scan (P=0.019). Our results indicate that201TI uptake may reflect the tumour proliferative activity of thyroid nodules, and this is especially true with regard to the uptake on delayed scans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01247364
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  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The distribution and partial characterization of FMRFamide-related peptides in the salivary glands of the locust, Locusta migratoria (1996)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 284 (1996), S. 425-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Salivary glands ; Ventral nerve cord ; FMRFamide ; Immunohistochemistry ; Radioimmunoassay ; Locusta migratoria (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The distribution and partial characterization of FMRFamide-related peptides in the salivary glands of the locust, Locusta migratoria, were investigated by means of immunohistochemistry, radioimmunoassay and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Whole-mount preparations of glands stained positively against anti-FMRFamide antisera, and contained the equivalent of 837±80 fmol FMRFamide/gland pair, as determined by radioimmunoassay. FMRFamide-like immunoreactivity occurred in the processes of the transverse nerves of both the prothoracic and mesothoracic ganglia, but was not found in the salivary motoneurons 1 or 2 of the suboesophageal ganglion, both of which directly innervate the salivary glands via the salivary nerve 7b; nor was it found within the salivary nerve 7b itself, leading to the salivary glands. It was, however, found as a superficial nerve plexus on the surface of nerve 7 at the suboesophageal ganglion, but did not appear to extend to the salivary glands. The origin of this staining is unclear. High performance liquid chromatography of salivary gland tissue extracts, monitored by radioimmunoassay, revealed 4 peaks of immunoreactive material, 2 of which co-migrated with AFIRFamide and GQERNFLRFamide, previously isolated from the locust ventral nerve cord. These 2 synthetic peptides did not elevate basal levels of the second messengers cyclic AMP or cyclic GMP in the salivary glands.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050603
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  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of adhesion molecules is specific and time-dependent in cytokine-stimulated endothelial cells in culture (1996)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 284 (1996), S. 415-423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Adhesion molecules ; Human umbilical vein endothelial cells ; Cytokines ; Cell culture ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The time course of expression of the adhesion molecules E-selectin, VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and PECAM-1 was studied in interleukin-1β-stimulated human umbilical vein cells (HUVEC) and the subcellular sites of synthesis were determined by means of fluorescence immunohistochemistry. The maximal number of cells labelled for E-selectin was observed at 2–4 h, for VCAM-1 at 4–8 h and ICAM-1 at 6–72 h. At 8 h, E-selectin and VCAM-1 started to disappear, but ICAM-1-positive cells persisted. PECAM-1 was constitutively expressed. De novo synthesis for E-selectin started at 1 h and for both, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 at 1.5–2 h. Maximal synthetic activity was observed at 2.5–4 h for E-selectin and at 4–6 h for VCAM-1 and ICAM-1; thereafter, synthesis slowly decreased. Transport granules occurred at 1.5 h for E-selectin and 4 h for VCAM-1; they were absent for ICAM-1. Diffuse cellular and membrane labelling indicative of the functional activity of the adhesion molecules began at 2–4 h for E-selectin, and 4 h for VCAM, but was constitutively present for ICAM-1. In conclusion, each adhesion molecule shows a specific time-dependent course of appearance and disappearance in interleukin-1β-stimulated HUVECs in accordance with their physiological role in vivo. These morphological results confirm data obtained by flow cytometry and Western blotting, but they provide new information about the behaviour of individual cells with regard to the sites of synthesis and cellular localization of the adhesion molecules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050602
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  • 94
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    Electronic Resource
    Codistribution of basic fibroblast growth factor and heparan sulfate proteoglycan in the growth zones of the human placenta (1996)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 285 (1996), S. 101-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Heparan sulfate proteoglycan ; Growth factors ; Placenta ; Basic fibroblast growth factor ; Immunohistochemistry ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. In order to obtain an insight into morphogenetic processes such as angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and tissue remodeling we have studied the localization of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) in the human placenta by immunohistochemistry. Positive reaction product for bFGF is found mainly in the villous trophoblastic covering and for HSPG in the villous basement membranes. A codistribution of the two molecules is detectable in first trimester placental tissue, in areas previously identified as being responsible for the growth of the villous tree, i.e., in the mesenchymal villi and the cytotrophoblastic cell islands and cell columns, both consisting of extravillous trophoblast. HSPG and bFGF are codistributed in the distal half of the villous stroma in the mesenchymal villi. In cell islands and cell columns, bFGF is detectable in the cytoplasm of the extravillous cytotrophoblastic cells, whereas HSPG is localized between the extravillous cytotrophoblastic cells and in their cytoplasm. HSPG-bFGF codistribution in term placenta is confined to the walls of fetal vessels and to some extravillous cytotrophoblastic cells in the basal plate. The codistribution of bFGF and HSPG in first trimester placental tissue suggests that these two molecules play a pivotal role in the morphogenetic processes mentioned above in early stages of gestation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050625
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  • 95
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    Electronic Resource
    Structure of the perilobular sheath of the deep proventricular gland of the chicken: presence and possible role of myofibroblasts (1996)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 285 (1996), S. 109-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Proventriculus ; Myofibroblasts ; Actin ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Transmission electron microscopy ; Immunohistochemistry ; Chicken
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The morphology of the perilobular connective tissue of the deep proventricular gland of the chicken was examined, with special reference to myofibroblasts. Observations were made after immunohistochemical staining for α-vascular smooth muscle actin, γ-enteric smooth muscle actin, and desmin, as well as by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. A perilobular sheath containing multiple layers of flat cells and an elastic network was observed around each lobule by scanning electron microscopy. The flat cells included myofibroblasts, fibroblasts, and a few smooth muscle cells. Myofibroblasts were immunopositive for α-vascular smooth muscle actin but immunonegative for γ-enteric smooth muscle actin and desmin. Smooth muscle cells were immunopositive for γ-enteric smooth muscle actin and desmin, as well as for α-vascular smooth muscle actin. Fibroblasts failed to bind any of the antibodies used in this study. The ultrastructural characteristics of myofibroblasts were intermediate to those of smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. Small numbers of thin filaments and a few thick filaments were present in the myofibroblast cytoplasm. Dense bodies and caveolae were seldom observed. Cytoplasmic processes of the myofibroblasts extended along the bases of the lobules, and desmosomes and gap junctions interconnected the processes. Myofibroblasts in the sheaths may collaborate with fibers in the elastic network to prevent collapse of the glandular lobules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050626
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  • 96
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    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical localization of nitric oxide synthase in rat anterior choroidal artery, stromal blood microvessels, and choroid plexus epithelial cells (1996)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 285 (1996), S. 411-418 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Choroid plexus ; Anterior choroidal artery ; Nitric oxide synthase ; Immunohistochemistry ; NADPH-diaphorase ; Histochemistry ; Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Nitric oxide (NO) has recently been shown to regulate blood flow to choroid plexus, a specialized brain structure responsible for production of most of cerebrospinal fluid. In the present study, we used a specific polyclonal rabbit antibody against the neuronal isoform of NO synthase (NOS), a synthetic enzyme for NO, to determine the localization of NOS in the choroid plexus of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. NOS-containing nerve fibers were found in the anterior choroidal artery and its branches, and in stromal blood microvessels. Chronic denervation experiments indicated that these nerve fibers originate predominantly from the sphenopalatine ganglion. NOS-immunopositive staining was also detected in the cytoplasm of choroidal epithelial cells. NADPH-diaphorase, a histochemical marker for NOS, was found to colocalize with NOS-immunoreactive product in both nerve fibers and choroidal epithelium. Both neuronal and epithelium-derived NO may regulate secretory function and hemodynamics of choroidal tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050657
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  • 97
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    Electronic Resource
    Changes in pulmonary calcitonin gene-related peptide and protein gene product 9.5 innervation in rats infected with Mycoplasma pulmonis (1996)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 283 (1996), S. 215-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Lung ; Neuro-immune link ; Calcitonin gene-related peptide ; Protein gene product 9.5 ; Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mycoplasma pulmonis ; Rat (Lew/Ztm)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Changes in the expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and polyneural protein gene product 9.5 (PGP) in hilar peribronchial innervation was investigated by immunohistochemistry in specific pathogen-free rats chronically infected with Mycoplasma pulmonis. Image analysis of immunostained sections revealed a reduction of approximately 62% in the amount of CGRP- and PGP-immunoreactive innervation of the peribronchial area in the infected animals. The portion of the total bronchial perimeter occupied by bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue was increased six-fold. The decrease in the CGRP-immunoreactive area could be the result either of an enhanced CGRP release or of a loss of nerve fibres. The decrease in the PGP-immunoreactive fibres indicates a degenerative loss of nerves. Increased bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue and decreased bronchial innervation by neurons releasing the immunomodulatory neuropeptide CGRP might both contribute to the pathophysiology and symptoms of mycoplasmosis in the rat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050532
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  • 98
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    Electronic Resource
    Localization of the neural calcium-binding protein VILIP (visinin-like protein) in neurons of the chick visual system and cerebellum (1996)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 283 (1996), S. 413-424 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Calcium-binding proteins ; EF-hand proteins ; Visinin-like protein ; Cerebellum ; Visual system ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The visinin-like protein (VILIP) is a member of a recently discovered family of calcium sensors specifically expressed in neurons. Family members contain four potential calcium-binding domains commonly referred to as ”EF-hand motifs”. VILIP interacts in a calcium-dependent manner with the actin-based neuronal cytoskeleton and modulates the phosphorylation of G-protein-coupled receptors, i.e., rhodopsin, in vitro. Here, we have used antisera against VILIP to study its distribution in the chick brain. Immunostaining of subsets of neurons is observed throughout the brain. Generally, the distribution of VILIP coincides well with the distribution of VILIP transcripts as detected previously by in situ hybridization. The most intense expression is detected in the visual system and the cerebellum. In the visual system, neurons of the nuclei of the ascending tecto-fugal pathway are stained, as are the pretectal, isthmic, and oculomotor nuclei. VILIP immunoreactivity is found in cell bodies, dendrites, and synaptic structures. Thus, VILIP appears to be an excellent marker for the characterization of neurons of the visual pathway. In the cerebellum, VILIP immunoreactivity is detected in deep cerebellar nuclei and in a subset of granule cells, Golgi type II cells, basket cells, and stellate cells, whereas it is completely absent from Purkinje cells. Intense punctate staining in the molecular layer suggests that VILIP is transported from deep cerebellar nuclei and from granule cells to the glutamatergic climbing-fiber and parallel-fiber synapses, respectively, both of which terminate on Purkinje-cell dendrites. The localization of VILIP in these presynaptic terminals has been confirmed at the electron-microscopic level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050552
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  • 99
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    Synaptotagmin I, synaptobrevin II, and syntaxin I are coexpressed in rat and gerbil pinealocytes (1996)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 283 (1996), S. 443-454 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Pineal gland ; Synaptic-like microvesicles ; Synaptophysin ; Synaptoporin ; S-antigen ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat (Wistar ; Lewis) ; Meriones unguiculatus (Rodentia)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Recent studies have shown that mammalian pinealocytes contain a compartment of synaptic-like microvesicles that may serve secretory functions; however, knowledge of the molecular composition of these microvesicles is still incomplete. Therefore, we have analyzed rat and gerbil pineal glands for the presence of synaptotagmin I, synaptobrevin I and II, syntaxin I, and synaptoporin (synaptophysin II) by immunoblot analyses and immunostaining of serial semithin sections. These proteins, which are components of the synaptic vesicle membrane or presynaptic plasmalemma, are thought to be essential for synaptic vesicle trafficking and exocytosis. Antibodies against synaptotagmin I, synaptobrevin II, and syntaxin I label pinealocytes (identified with an antiserum directed against synaptophysin I) in pineal glands of both species, the coexpression of the latter proteins being demonstrable at the single cell level. In contrast, pinealocytes are not or only weakly stained by the synaptoporin antibody. Immunoreactivity for synaptobrevin I is restricted to intrapineal nerve terminals, thus indicating a differential expression of synaptic vesicle protein isoforms within endocrine tissues. Immunogold staining has been performed in the gerbil pineal and reveals that synaptobrevin II and synaptotagmin I can be localized to the synaptic-like microvesicles that are concentrated in pinealocyte process terminals. Syntaxin immunoreactivity is associated with clear microvesicles and with the plasma membrane. Our findings corroborate the hypothesis that the synaptic-like microvesicles of pinealocytes can be considered as the endocrine equivalent of neuronal synaptic vesicles. Since pinealocytes of several mammalian species contain abundant clear microvesicles, the pinealocyte may serve as a paradigm for studies aimed at elucidating the biogenesis and functions of synaptic-like microvesicles in neuroendocrine cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050555
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  • 100
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    Electronic Resource
    A case of a placental site trophoblastic tumor (1996)
    Springer
    Medical molecular morphology 29 (1996), S. 48-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1860-1499
    Keywords: Placental site trophoblastic tumor ; Intermediate trophoblast ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A rare placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT) in a 39-year-old female was studied. This tumor, protruding into the uterine cavity, was histologically similar to tumors in previously reported cases of PSTT. Ultrastructurally, the characteristic finding was the presence of perinuclear filaments. Also, the tumor cells were strongly positive for hPL by immunohistochemical method. These findings suggest that this was a tumor caused by neoplastic proliferation of the extravillous intermediate trophoblast.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02348077
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