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  • 201
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 36 (1989) 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 202
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 35 (1989), S. 887-893 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: New solutions for reaction-diffusion equations, called singletons and polytons, are found to be of fundamental significance. They exhibit properties of self-formation. In the presence of nonlinear saturation effects their evolutions in time have pronounced maxima. Information about details of an initial spatial distribution is found to be carried along in time with the dynamic process of forming a growing singleton and to be restored at a later stage.
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  • 203
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Compton spectra excited by 241Am radiation have been measured on thin single-crystal slices with the scattering vector oriented parallel and perpendicular to the pair of hydrogen bonds in the (HCO3)22- dimers as well as to the plane of the dimers. the reciprocal form factors extracted from the spectra are strongly anisotropic with two extra zero passages in the direction of the hydrogen bonds. the results are in very satisfactory agreement with theoretical data that are calculated for the dimer with and without additional point charges simulating the neighboring ions in the crystal. The calculations have been done with Gaussian basis sets of double-zeta quality within the Hartree-Fock approximation. The theoretical reciprocal form factors of the monomer HCO3- and the dimer show only small differences in the directions perpendicular to the hydrogen bonds, whereas the differences in the hydrogen bond direction are remarkable and account for the experimentally observed features. In comparison to this effect the influence of the neighboring ions by their charges is much smaller, which is even true when taking into account the influence of the neighboring dimers in the crystalline stack in more detail by symmetrical orthogonalization of the combined wave functions. The same orthogonalization procedure applied to a pair of monomers in the spatial arrangement of the dimer yields a reciprocal form factor that in the experimentally reliable range above 1.8 Å accounts for most of the dimerization effect in the direction of the hydrogen bonds. Thus also for this prototype of paired hydrogen bonds (cf., carboxylic acids, DNA, and RNA), it confirms our earlier experimental finding on liquid water now unambiguously, namely that, in the same way as the cohesion in ionic crystals, hydrogen bond formation in bulk matter is distinctly dominated by electrostatic attraction, which is compensated by repulsion owing to the Pauli principle.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 204
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 36 (1989), S. 105-118 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effect of molecular interaction on the O—H stretching force constant of methanol (MeOH) is reported for its associated species. The various electron donors (D) and acceptors (A) considered include organic molecules such as methanol, dimethylether, acetone, acetonitrile, dimethyl formamide, pyridine, and ions such as F-, Cl-, Li+, and H+. The variation in the O—H stretching force constant of MeO—H…D species on interaction with the electron acceptor such as in the species is explained on the basis of the cooperativity effect. (CE). The effect is discussed in terms of the relationship CE = (ΔF/F) × 100, where ΔF is the reduction is force constant of the hydrogen-bonded O—H stretching mode of the associated methanol species MeOH…D when the lone pair electrons on oxygen of the methanol molecule are involved in hydrogen bonding with A, and F is the hydrogen-bonded O—H stretching force constant of the species when the lone pair electrons are free. The cooperativity effect (CE) is found to increase with increasing electron acceptor and electron donor capacities of A and D. The calculated force constants are compared with the experimental results.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 205
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 36 (1989), S. 473-486 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: It is shown that doubly excited states play an important role in calculations of the optical activity of molecules with well-conjugated electron systems, such as the DNA bases. In some significant cases it is necessary to include a large number of excited states in the configuration interaction (CI) to obtain a reliable, converging result. A new version of the CNDO/OPTIC method, which includes doubly excited states in the CI, is proposed. As an application, the electric transition moments in different pyrimidines are considered. The calculated results agree with experimental data and results obtained from ab initio calculations and INDO calculations using doubly excited states in the CI.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 206
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 36 (1989), S. 525-531 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The derivative of the electron-electron potential energy Uee with respect to internuclear separation R is studied for light homonuclear diatomic molecules at equilibrium. It is readily related to nuclear-nuclear potential energy Unn, the force constant K, and the electron-nuclear potential energy Uen. An approximate expression, based on the simplest form of density functional theory, is then used to eliminate dUen/dR|Re. The result thus obtained for dUee/dR|Re transcends an earlier proposal of Kryachko by including a term 2/3ReK, with K the force constant. Numerical tests at SCF-RHF level are presented for nine homonuclear diatomic molecules.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 207
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 36 (1989), S. 543-543 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 208
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 36 (1989), S. 563-573 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The spectroscopically parametrized CNDO/S3 model is used to provide a quantitative description of the valence electron photoemission and ultraviolet absorption spectra of a series of substituted phenols and anisoles. The CNDO/S3 density of valence states was used to determine the molecular conformation of these molecules via analysis of gas-phase photoemission spectra. These conformations, in turn, were used to quantitatively determine the ultraviolet absorption spectra.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 209
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 36 (1989), S. 599-632 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A spin-free symmetry-adapted valence bond (VB) state, named bonded tableau (BT), is deduced from the classical bonded function and labeled by an at most two-column Weyl tableau. The complete set, which is composed of the BT basis or canonical bonded tableau (CBT), can be constructed from an overcomplete set of BT states. CI CBT and VB CBT are two kinds of complete sets that are constructed in this paper. They can be used, respectively, in the CI and VB theory. It is shown that there is a one-to-one correspondence between the labeling scheme for CI CBT and the Gelfand-Tsetlin (GT) basis. This relationship enables an efficient generation and compact representation of the BT basis if one desires to use the known global representation scheme for the GT basis. Effective algorithms for the matrix element evaluation of unitary group generators and products of generators between BT states are presented. In the formulation, the action of a generator on a BT state yields another BT state times a coefficient, so that the matrix elements of an arbitrary multiple product of generators are reduced to a calculation of the overlaps between BT states. The evaluation of the overlaps leads to a simple factorization into cycle contributions, whose values are given explicitly and only depend on the length parameters of the cycles. It is hoped that the presented formalism can facilitate the procedures for handling of the many-electron correlation problem.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 210
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 36 (1989), S. 647-657 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A well-known model of two coupled Morse oscillators is studied within the context of box quantization. Two variants are considered: analysis of stabilization graphs or addition of an optical potential. These methods are shown to give efficient alternatives for the determination of unimolecular dissociation rates.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 211
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 36 (1989) 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 212
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 36 (1989), S. 533-533 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 213
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 36 (1989), S. 541-541 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 214
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 35 (1989), S. 433-439 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We show that even when the nuclear motion is quantum mechanically described, the energy of a molecular state can be exactly expressed as a sum of terms, each one related to a nuclei of the molecule. This is a generalization of a similar result obtained by Politzer and Parr for the case in which the nuclei are in fixed positions. In fact, the nuclear motion is exactly taken into account through a modified screening function derivative evaluated on each nucleus of the molecule. We discuss how the screening function derivatives corresponding to the fixed nuclei case relate to those which take into account the nuclear motion. A simple relation between these two arises in the so-called crude Börn-Oppenheimer approximation.
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  • 215
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 35 (1989), S. 461-470 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A combinatorial derivation of the product of the class of three cycles, [(1)N-3(3)]N with an arbitrary class operator of the symmetric group SN is presented. The form of this result suggests a conjecture concerning the expression of the general class operator product in terms of a relatively small number of reduced class coefficients. The conjecture is applied to the determination of the products of [(1)N-4(4)]N, [(1)N-4(2)2]N, and [(1)N-5(5)]N with arbitrary class operators. General expressions for the reduced class coefficients of the simplest type are obtained.
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  • 216
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 35 (1989), S. 513-518 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The local energy is examined as an indicator of the accuracy of approximate wave functions for the ground state of helium. It is observed that at a given point (1) an inaccurate local energy may or may not correspond to an inaccurate value of the wave function or probability density, but (2) a value of the local energy within 0.1 a.u. of the ground-state energy corresponds to a value of the approximate wave function or probability density within about 10% of that for the ground-state wave function.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 217
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 35 (1989), S. 567-575 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A configuration-averaged Fock (CAHF) operator is developed within the restricted open-shell formulation (ROHF) for the case of any number of open-shell orbitals containing any number of electrons. The resulting orbitals and energies should be useful for those cases where there is a great degeneracy of states, either preventing self-consistent field convergence, or negating the value of a pure state description itself. This procedure is compared with the hyper-Hartree-Fock method of Slater and the grand canonical Hartree-Fock ansatz of Abdulnar, Linderberg, Öhrn, and Thulstrup.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 218
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    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 35 (1989), S. 585-592 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new unitary operator U, which can transform the Fock space of a three-dimensional isotropic harmonic oscillator into the space in which the Hamiltion of three coupled oscillators is diagonized, is found. The coordinate representation of U is presented and is used to directly derive the wave function of the energy eigenstate of the coupled oscillators.
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  • 219
    Electronic Resource
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 35 (1989), S. 649-663 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An explicit relation is derived between the one-body potential energy and the electron density for the ground state of the Be atom in a nonrelativistic framework. This same relation applies to any four-electron atomic ion (or to Be itself) in a state where the electrons occupy two doubly filled orbitals. The relation is interpreted as an exact Hartree-like model of the Hohenberg-Kohn theorem within the general context of N electrons and a potential that is not necessarily spherically symmetrical.
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  • 220
    Electronic Resource
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 36 (1989), S. 391-415 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A short review of the recent development of the stochastic approach to chemical reactions in condensed media is made. The relations of this approach to a general formulation of chemical kinetics are discussed on the basis of a many-frequency oscillator model. It is shown that the classical transition-state theory is not a particular case of the stochastic theory neither in the case of small viscosity nor in the case of large viscosity. The recent quantum generalizations of the stochastic theory are identical to earlier results of a quantum transition-state theory that correspond to the case of large viscosity. Such generalizations based on previous results of a collision theory are made for the case of small viscosity. It is shown that these quantum generalizations of the stochastic theory are possible only in the temperature range of moderate tunneling defined in terms of a characteristic temperature.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 221
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 36 (1989), S. 689-704 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Correlation forms for electrons of the same spin small molecules are analyzed by taking the LiH molecule as an example. The analyses are carried out on the basis of the reduced density matrix theory and for both the ground state and the first excited state. It turns out that although there is a certain similarity, the correlated motions of parallel-spin electrons in this four-electron molecule are more complicated than those found for the two-electron molecule. The correlation forms are not always constant. They vary essentially from one state to another, but are insensitive to fairly large changes of the internuclear distance for a given state.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 222
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 36 (1989), S. 727-739 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Electronic structure and geometry of XY diatomics (X, Y = H, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Cu, Ag, and Au) have been studied by nonempirical versions of ZDO methods which account for major relativistic effects. Influence of the basis set size is investigated for these systems exhibiting the bonding controlled by the [(n - 1)d10]ns1[np0] ⃛ [(n - 1)d10]ns1[np0] interactions; [] are optical.
    Additional Material: 8 Tab.
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  • 223
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    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 36 (1989), S. 749-764 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have separated the electrostatic potential of a molecule into two parts: an atomic-like part, which is expanded in spherical harmonics around each nucleus, plus an overlap part, expanded in ellipsoidal harmonics around each pair of nuclei. Neglect of the penetration effect in these expansions yields a superposition of point and line multipoles. We have studied the penetration effect for the case of the hydrogen molecules and suggest an approximation for the elliptical penetration effect as a screening factor in the electrostatic potential.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 224
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 113-118 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Phosphonium groups, introduction into N-heteroaromatic rings ; Pyridylphosphonium salts, tri-n-butyl- and triphenyl- ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Chemistry of Triphenyl-(or Tri-n-butyl)pyridylphosphonium Salts, 1. - Novel Method for the Regioselective Introduction of Phosphonium Groups into N-Heteroaromatic Ring SystemsN-Triflyl-heteroarylium triflates such as 3b and analogous salts of pyrazine, benzothiazole, and quinoline are transformed by regioselective reactions with phosphanes 4a and b into the title compounds 15a-f or 16, 17, 18a and b, respectively. With the salt 26 this reaction can be repeated to give the bis-cationic species 28a or b. Using the salt 15a as a representative, some aspects of the chemistry of heteroaryltriphenylphosphonium salts are described: Starting with the common precursor 15a, 2-acylated pyridines 21, 4,4′-bipyridines 23, and pyridylcarbinols 25 are accessible besides 28.
    Notes: N-Triflyl-heteroarylium-triflate wie 3b und analoge Salze des Pyrazins, Benzothiazols und Chinolins werden durch regioselektive Reaktionen mit Phosphanen 4a und b in die Titelverbindungen 15a-f bzw. 16, 17 und 18a, b übergeführt. Diese Reaktionsfolge läßt sich mit dem Salz 26 wiederholen, es entstehen die Biskationen 28a bzw. b. Am Beispiel des Salzes 15a werden Untersuchungen zur synthetischen Verwendbarkeit von Heteroaryltriphenylphosphoniumsalzen beschrieben: Aus der gemeinsamen Vorstufe 15a lassen sich neben 28 2-acylierte Pyridine 21, 4,4′-Bipyridine 23 und Pyridylcarbinole 25 herstellen.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 225
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Benzonorbornadiene ; Cycloaddition ; 4-Phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-dione ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Cycloaddition von 4-Phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3,5-dion (PTAD) an 7-Alkyliden-2,3-benzonorbornadieneDie Umsetzung einer Reihe von Fulvenen 1a-f mit Dehydrobenzol führte zu den entsprechenden 7-Alkyliden-2,3-benzonorbornadienen 2a-f, deren Cycloadditionen mit PTAD untersucht wurden. Während das Phenyl-Derivat 2a kaum reagierte und nur Spuren des [2 + 2]-Cycloaddukts 3a lieferte, ergab das Phenylmethyl-System 2b das En-Produkt 3b in ansprechender Ausbeute. Im Falle der 6,6-Diphenyl- und 6,6-Bis(4-chlorphenyl)fulvene 2d und 2e wurden die Umlagerungs-Urazole 3d und 3e sowie die syn/syn- und syn/anti-Diastereomere 4d und 4e erhalten, die aus sukzessiven [4 + 2]-Cycloadditionen zweier Äquivalente PTAD resultierten. Die unsymmetrisch substituierten 7-(Diarylmethylen)benzonorbornadiene 2c (X = Ph, Y = p-MeOPh) und 2f (X = Ph, Y = p-NO2Ph) führten zu analogen Produkten, wobei die Umlagerungs-Urazole als Diastereomerenpaare E/Z-3c und E/Z-3f erhalten wurden. Im Falle von 2c konnte auch das oxidierte Monoaddukt 5c in geringer Ausbeute isoliert werden. Das Verhältnis der aus Umlagerung zu den aus [4 + 2]-Cycloadditionen resultierenden Urazolen steigt mit zunehmendem elektronenziehendem Charakter der Substituenten am Arylrest, d. h. es ist am höchsten für Y = p-NO2Ph und am niedrigsten für Y = p-MeOPh. NOE-Untersuchungen und Röntgenstrukturanalysen (von 3b, von 4d mit NMe statt NPh und von 5c) waren zur Bestimmung der Stereochemie dieser komplexen Produkte nötig.
    Notes: A series of 7-alkylidene-2,3-benzonorbornadienes 2a-f was prepared from the corresponding fulvenes 1a-f by reaction with benzyne. The cycloaddition of 2 with PTAD was investigated. While the phenyl derivative 2a was quite unreactive and afforded traces of the [2 + 2] cycloadduct 3a, the phenyl methyl system 2b led to the ene product 3b in fair yield. The diphenyl and bis-(4-chlorophenyl) cases 2d and 2e, respectively, led to a mixture of the rearrangement urazoles 3d and 3e and the double PTAD [4 + 2] cycloadducts 4d and 4e in form of the syn/syn and syn/anti diastereomers. Analogously, the unsymmetrically substituted 7-(diarylmethylene)benzonorbornadienes 2c (X = Ph, Y = p-MeOPh) and 2f (X = Ph, Y = p-NO2Ph) gave similar products, except that the possible diastereomeric rearrangement urazoles were formed (E,Z-3c and E,Z-3f). In the case of 2c the oxidized monocycloadduct 5c was also isolated in low yield. The ratio of rearrangement urazoles 3 to [4 + 2] cycloaddition products 4 increased with increasing electron withdrawal of the substituents on the aryl groups, i.e. it was largest for p-nitrophenyl and smallest for p-methoxyphenyl. NOE studies and X-ray analyses (of 3b, of 4d with NMe instead of NPh, and of 5c) were essential to assign the stereochemistry of these complex products.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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  • 226
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 175-178 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: cis,cis-Trialkyltriaziridine ; Deformation density of cis,cis-Trialkyltriaziridine ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Deformationsdichte eines cis,cis-TrialkyltriaziridinsAuf der Basis von Tieftemperatur-Röntgebeugungsdaten (105 K) haben wir die Deformationsdichte von 6,8,9-Triacetoxy-2,3,4-triazatetracyclo[3.3.1.02,4.03,7] nonan (1) bestimmt. Mit der X-X-Methode konnten keine signifikanten Elektronendichtemaxima auf den stark gebogenen N—N-Bindungen gefunden werden. Die Dichtemaxima an den einsamen Elektronenpaaren der Stickstoffatome und in den C—C-, C—N- und C—O-Bindungen traten klar hervor.
    Notes: We determined the deformation densities of 6,8,9-triacetoxy-2,3,4-triazatetracyclo[3.3.1.02,4.03,7] nonane (1), a triaziridine derivative, from low temperature X-ray data (105 K). Significant electron density peaks of the strongly bent N—N bonds of the triaziridine ring could not be found by the X-X method. The density maxima of the lone pairs of the nitrogen atoms and of the C—C, C—N and C—O bonds appear clearly.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 227
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 193-198 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Allyl propargyl ethers ; Asymmetric induction ; Dioxolane, chiral ; Stereoselective synthesis of unsaturated alcohols ; [2,3] Wittig rearrangement ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Asymmetrische Induktion bei der [2,3]-Wittig-Umlagerung.-Stereoselektive Synthese von ungesättigten Alkoholen mit drei zusammenhängenden stereogenen ZentrenDie [2,3]-Wittig-Umlagerungen der lithiierten Allylpropargylether 7 erfolgen diastereoselektiv. Ein chiraler Dioxolanring im Allylteil von 7 bestimmt die Konfiguration der Vinylgruppe an dem einen der neu entstehenden stereogenen Zentren durch asymmetrische Induktion. Der Übergang von cis- zu trans-konfiguriertem Ausgangsmaterial gestattet, die Hydroxygruppe an dem anderen neuen Stereozentrum des Umlagerungsprodukts selektiv syn (12) bzw. anti (11) zu der C—O-Bindung am ursprünglich vorhandenen Stereozentrum zu plazieren. - Es wird vorgeschlagen, daß die Größe der vicinalen Kopplungskonstante 3JOH,H des alkoholischen Protons gestattet, epimeren γ-Alkoxyalkoholen die syn- oder anti-Konfiguration zuzuweisen.
    Notes: The [2,3] Wittig rearrangements of the lithio anions of the allyl propargyl ethers 7 are diastereoselective. A chiral dioxolane in the allyl moiety of 7 controls the configuration of the vinyl group at one of the newly formed stereogenic centers through asymmetric induction. Proper choice of cis- or trans-configurated starting material generates anti (12) or syn (13) 1,3-dioxygenated systems, respectively, in high selectivity. - It is suggested that the magnitude of the vicinal coupling constant 3JOH,H of the hydroxylic proton can be used to assign the stereochemistry in epimeric syn and anti γ-alkoxy alcohols.
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  • 228
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Transition-Metal Silyl complexes, 27. Silyl-Substituted Heteromultinuclear Complexes by Reaction of the Anionic Silyl Complexes [MeCpMn(CO)2SiR3]- and [Fe(CO)3(PPh3)SiR3]- with Dihalides of Zinc, Cadmium, or MercuryThe anionic silyl complexes [MeCpMn(CO)2SiMePh2]- (1) and [Fe(CO)3(PPh3)SiR3]- (4) react with equimolar amounts of ZnCl2, CdCl2, or HgBr2 to give the dinuclear complexes MeCpMn(CO)2(SiMePh2)MX (2; MX = ZnCl, CdCl, or HgBr) or Fe(CO)3(PPh3)MX (5; MX = CdCl or HgBr); the Fe—Zn complex is unstable. Reaction of 2 and 5 with a second equivalent of 1 or 4 yields the symmetrical trinuclear complexes [MeCpMn(CO)2(SiMePh2)]2M (3; M = Cd, Hg) and [Fe(CO)3(PPh3)(SiR3)]2Hg (6) or the unsymmetrical trinuclear complex MeCp(CO)2(Ph2MeSi)Mn—Hg—Fe(CO)3 (PPh3)(SiR3) (7). The symmetrical complexes containing Mn—Zn—Mn or Fe—Cd—Fe units are not formed, presumably for steric reasons. With an excess of mercury halides 3 (M = Hg) and 6 react by silyl halide elimination.
    Notes: Die anionischen Silyl-Komplexe [MeCpMn(CO)2SiMePh2]- (1) und [Fe(CO)3(PPh3)SiR3]- (4) reagieren mit äquimolaren Mengen ZnCl2, CdCl2 oder HgBr2 zu den Zweikern-Komplexen MeCpMn(CO)2(SiMePh2)MX (2; MX = ZnCl, CdCl oder HgBr) bzw. Fe(CO)3(PPh3)(SiR3)MX (5; MX = CdCl oder HgBr); der Fe—Zn-Komplex ist instabil. Umsetzung der Komplexe 2 und 5 mit einem weiteren Äquivalent 1 bzw. 4 ergibt die symmetrischen Dreikern-Komplexe [MeCpMn(CO)2(SiMePh2)]2M (3; M = Cd, Hg) und [Fe(CO)3(PPh3)]2Hg (6) bzw. den unsymmetrischen Dreikern-Komplex MeCp(CO)2(Ph2MeSi)Mn—Hg—Fe(CO)3-(PPh3)(SiR3) (7). Die symmetrischen Komplexe mit Mn—Zn—Mn- bzw. Fe—Cd—Fe-Bindung werden vermutlich aus sterischen Gründen nicht gebildet. Mit überschüssigem Quecksilberhalogenid reagieren 3 (M = Hg) und 6 unter Halogensilan-Abspaltung.
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  • 229
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 123-128 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Azidocyclobutane (ring enlargement) ; Cycloaddition (vinyl azide to tetracyanoethylene) ; Diazidobutadiene (Diels-Alder reaction) ; Dipolar cycloaddition (azide to alkene, alkyne) ; Vicinal vinyl diazide (photolysis, thermolysis) ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactions of Unsaturated Azides, 5.1) - Cycloadditions Reactions der 2,3-Diazido-1,3-butadienes2,3-Diazido-1,3-butadienes 1, 10, and 12 undergo [4 + 2] or [2 + 2] cycloadditions when treated with electron-deficient alkenes 2a and 5 or azo compound 2d. The competition of these two reactions is influenced by conformational and electronic effects. Diels-Alder products 7 and 13 are isolable vicinal vinyl diazides, which can be converted to 1,4-dicyano compounds 9 and 16 by photolysis or thermolysis. On the other hand, [2 + 2] cycloadducts 6 and 15 as well as cyclobutyl azides 19, which are synthesized from simple vinyl azides in an analogous way, prove to be unstable intermediates yielding heterocycles 8, 17, or 20 by ring expansion. When 1 is treated with angle-strained alkenes or strained or electron-deficient alkynes, 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition is the dominating reaction.
    Notes: Mit den elektronenarmen Alkenen 2a und 5 oder der Azo-Verbindung 2d reagieren die 2,3-Diazido-1,3-butadiene 1, 10 und 12 unter [4 + 2]- oder [2 + 2]-Cycloaddition. Die Konkurrenz dieser beiden Reaktionen wird durch konformative und elektronische Effekte beeinflußt. Bei den Diels-Alder-Produkten 7 und 13 handelt es sich um isolierbare, vicinale Vinyldiazide, die durch Photolyse oder Thermolyse in die 1,4-Dicyan-Verbindungen 9 und 16 übergeführt werden können. Dagegen erweisen sich die [2 + 2]-Cycloaddukte 6 und 15 ebenso wie die aus einfachen Vinylaziden analog erhaltenen Cyclobutylazide 19 als instabile Zwischenstufen, die unter Ringerweiterung in die Heterocyclen 8, 17 oder 20 übergehen. Bei den Umsetzungen von 1 mit winkelgespannten Alkenen oder mit gespannten oder elektronenarmen Alkinen dominieren 1,3-dipolare Cycloadditionen.
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  • 230
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 151-158 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Carbonylation of 1,4-dienes ; Catalysis, cobalt ; Catalysis, rhodium ; Cyclopentanone derivatives ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Hydrocarbonylating Cyclization of Dienes, 5.1) - Model Experiments for the Synthesis of the Acorane Skeleton from substituted 1,4-DienesHeading towards the generation of the five-membered ring substitution pattern in the acorane skeleton (1) the hydrocarbonylating cyclization of various substituted 1,4-dienes 3 to cyclopentanones 4 and 5 was studied. While octacarbonyldicobalt as catalyst precursor nearly exclusively leads to linking of the less substituted carbon centers, the more active (cyclooctadiene)rhodium complex also effects the formation of new quaternary centers. The 1,5-dienes 15a-e converted under the same conditions revealed no tendency to isomerize to 1,4-dienes with the same carbon skeleton or to form analogous cyclization products. Finally, using the model substrate 3i the regio- and stereoselective synthesis of the cyclopentanone system 4i containing the same substitution pattern as the five-membered ring of the target molecule 1 can be accomplished.
    Notes: Mit dem Ziel der Erzeugung des Fünfringsubstitutionsmusters im Acorangerüst (1) wurde die hydrocarbonylierende Cyclisierung verschiedenartig substituierter 1,4-Diene 3 zu Cyclopentanonen 4 und 5 untersucht. Während beim Einsatz von Octacarbonyldicobalt als Katalysatorvorläufer weitgehend nur die Verknüpfung der weniger substituierten Kohlenstoffzentren der Diene eintritt, bewirkt der wirksamere (Cyclooctadien)rhodiumkomplex auch die Bildung neuer quartärer Zentren. Die unter den gleichen Bedingungen umgesetzten 1,5-Diene 15a-e zeigen keine Tendenz zur Isomerisierung zu 1,4-Dienen mit gleichem Kohlenstoffgerüst bzw. zur Ausbildung der entsprechenden Cyclisierungsprodukte. Mit dem Modellsubstrat 3i gelingt schließlich die regio- und stereoselektive Synthese des Cyclopentanonsystems 4i mit einem dem Fünfring des Zielmoleküls 1 entsprechenden Substitutionsmuster.
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  • 231
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 321-326 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: NMR shielding mechanisms ; Steric effects ; Hybridization ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: 13C- und 1H-NMR-Abschirmungseffekte in aliphatischen gauche/trans-FragmentenAuf der Basis von verbesserten rechnerischen Modellen, von neuen NMR-Messungen an Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan- und an Cyclohexanverbindungen sowie von Literaturdaten wird gezeigt, daß klassische Mechanismen von sterisch induzierten Ladungspolarisierungen, von linearen elektrischen Feldeffekten und Anisotropieeffekten zahlreiche Unterschiede bei Substituenteneffekten erklären. Die Rolle sterischer Geometriestörungen auf α- und β-Effekte wird diskutiert; die durch Einführung von α-Methyl-substituenten induzierten Bindungswinkeländerungen an C-α und die daraus berechneten Hybridisierungsdifferenzen lassen sich sowohl mit den sehr unterschiedlichen Cα-Me-Substituenteneffekten wie auch mit den entsprechenden Differenzen zwischen äquatorialen und axialen Susbtituenten korrelieren.
    Notes: On the basis of improved calculation models, of new NMR measurements with bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl and cyclohexyl compounds, and of literature data it is shown that classical mechanisms of sterically induced charge polarizations, of linear electric field, and of anisotropy effects can account for many substituent-induced shielding (SIS) differences. The rǒle of steric distortions on α-and β-SIS is discussed; bond angle variations generated by a methyl group introduction at C-α and subsequent hybridization changes are correlated with Cα-Me SIS values as well as with the eq/ax shielding in cyclohexanes.
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  • 232
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Organic Synthesis via Transition Metal Complexes, 33. - 2-Azaallenyl Chromium Complexes by Condensation of Aminocarbene Chromium Complexes with Aldehydes, Acid Chlorides, or Acid AmidesAminocarbene complexes LnM = C(NH2)R 1 [LnM = Cr(CO)5, R = C6H5, CH3] can be converted to 2-azaallenyl complexes LnM⊖ [C(R)=N⊕=CXR1] by the condensation of the NH2 group with organic carbonyl compounds O=CYR1 in presence of Et3N and POCl3/Et3N, respectively. The condensation is achieved with a surprisingly wide variety of different carbonyl compounds like aldehydes (Y = H), acid chlorides (Y = Cl), acid amides [Y = N(CH3)2] and leads to the formation of 2-azaallenyl complexes of hitherto unknown substitution patterns [X = H (3), O2CR1 (7), N(CH3)2 (9)]. These have been analysed spectroscopically. 3a was characterized by an X-ray analysis.
    Notes: Aminocarben-Komplexe LnM = C(NH2)R 1 [LnM = Cr(CO)5, R = C6H5, CH3] lassen sich durch Kondensation ihrer NH2-Gruppe mit Carbonylverbindungen O=CYR1 in 2-Azaallenyl-Komplexe LnM⊖ [C(R)=N⊕=CXR1] umwandeln. Die Kondensation gelingt mit Et3N bzw. POCl3/Et3N und einer überraschenden Vielfalt sonst recht unterschiedlich reagierender Carbonylverbindungen, wie Aldehyde (Y = H), Säurechloride (Y = Cl), Säureamide [Y = N(CH3)2]. Es wurden 2-Azaallenyl-Komplexe mit bisher nicht zugänglichen Substitutionsmustern [X = H (3), O2CR1 (7), N(CH3)2 (9)] erhalten und spektroskopisch analysiert. 3a wurde anhand einer Kristallstrukturanalyse charakterisiert.
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 677-686 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Acetoxyhdroarenes ; Anthracene ; Borylhydroarenes ; Naphthalene ; Hydroboration ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reduction of Polycyclic Arenes with -Boranes, I. - Reactions of Naphthalene, Anthracene, and Phenanthrene with Tetraalkyldiboranes(6)Polycyclic arenes, e.g. naphthalene (N3), acenaphthene, anthracene (A3), naphthacene, benzo[a]anthracene, and 3,4-benzophenanthrene react without gas evolution irreversibly with organodiboranes(6) [tetraethyldiborane(6) (TEDB), and tetrapropyldiborane(6) (TPDB)] at T ≥ 130°C to form borylated hydroarenes and their functional derivatives. The uptake of borane (TPDB) is followed by analytical methods. The reactions carried out on preparative scale with N3 and either TPDB or TEDB (2-10 h, T ≥ 140°C) result in a mixture of borylated C10 compounds, from which after oxidation and O-acetylation 1- and 2- acetoxytetralins (N4, N5), together with small amounts of tetralin (N1), can be isolated. A3 reacts forming tetrahydroanthracene (A1), 1-, and 2-acetoxytetrahydroanthracene (A4, A6) as well as single stereoisomers of 1,4- and 1,3-diacetoxytetrahydroanthracene (A10, A13), which were separated and characterized. On extended heating (64 h) of A3 with TPDB at T ≥ 140°C, the main products are one regioisomer of acetoxyhexahydroanthracene (A5) and 6 isomers of diacetoxyoctahydroanthracene (A7-A9, A11, A12, A14). For the formation of N4, N5, A4, A6-A9, A11, A12, and A14 (deuteration experiments), a hydroboration of the arene and subsequent hydrodeboration are suggested. Organo polyboranes and/or carboranes of unknown structures are formed as sideproducts. Phenanthrene (PH), which appears to be unreactive at 130°C, was shown to undergo a slow deuterioboration/dehydroboration on treatment with [D2]TEDB at 150°C resulting in the deuterated compounds [9-D1]PH and [9,10-D2]PH.
    Notes: Kondensierte Arene wie Naphthalin (N3), Acenaphthen, Anthracen (A3), Naphthacen, Benz[a]anthracen und 3,4-Benzphenanthren reagieren mit Organodiboranen(6) [Tetraethyldiboran(6) (TEDB), Tetrapropyldiboran(6) (TPDB)] bei T ≥ 130°C ohne Gasabspaltung irreversibel zu borylierten Hydroarenen und deren funktionellen Derivaten. Die -Boran-Reaktion der Arene mit TPDB wird analytisch verfolgt. Aus N3 erhält man mit TPDB oder TEDB ein Gemisch borylierter C10-Verbindungen, aus dem sich nach Oxidation/O-Acetylierung 1- und 2-Acetoxytetralin (N4, N5) sowie wenig Tetralin (N1) isolieren lassen. A3 reagiert zu Tetrahydroanthracen (A1), 1- und 2-Acetoxytetrahydroanthracen (A4, A6) sowie zu den stereoeinheitlichen, charakterisierten 1,4- und 1,3-Diacetoxytetrahydroanthracenen (A10, A13). Nach 64 h werden aus A3 mit TPDB bei T ≥ 140°C ein regioeinheitliches Acetoxyhexahydroanthracen (A5) sowie 6 isomere Diacetoxyoctahydroanthracene (A7-A9, A11, A14) erhalten. N4, N5 sowie A4, A6-A9, A11, A12 und A14 bilden sich (Deuterierungsexperimente) durch Hydroborierung der Arene und nachfolgende Hydrodeborierung. Nebenprodukte sind Organo-polyborane und/oder -carborane unbekannter Struktur. Das bei 130°C gegenüber -Boranen reduktionsstabil erscheinende Phenanthren (PH) wird von [D2]TEDB bei 150°C unter Deuterioborierung/Dehydroborierung langsam in die deuterierten Verbindungen [9-D1]PH und [9,10-D2]PH umgewandelt.
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  • 234
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 695-701 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Nonbonded interactions ; Spirotetracyclo[4.1.0.02,4.03,5]heptanes ; Long-range coupling constants ; 5H-Dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene, 10,11-dihydro- ; 1-Pyrazolines, nitrogen extrusion ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Nonbonded Interactions in Two 7-Spirotetracyclo[4.1.0.02,4.03,5]-heptanesThe reaction of tetrachlorodiazocyclopentadiene with benzvalene (2) gave the fulvene derivative 3. In contrast, treatment of diazofluorene and 5-diazo-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene with 2 afforded the expected spiro-1-pyrazolines 4 and 5, respectively. Photolytic extrusion of nitrogen from 4 and 5 led to the corresponding spirotetracycloheptanes 6 and 7. The X-ray structure analysis of 6 revealed a close contact between one hydrogen atom each of the tetracycloheptane and the fluorene subunits. This short distance (2.15 Å) causes an increase in bond angles and is believed to produce strong deshielding of the respective protons and a 0.6-Hz coupling between them, which is formally a long-range coupling across seven bonds. Compound 7 is the first chiral tetracycloheptane. This is due to a nonplanar conformation of the seven-membered ring, which does not invert at room temperature. On the basis of NOE measurements the 1H-NMR signals of 6 and 7 are assigned.
    Notes: Die Reaktion von Tetrachlordiazocyclopentadien mit Benzvalen (2) ergab das Fulven-Derivat 3. Dagegen führten die Umsetzungen von Diazofluoren und 5-Diazo-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo-[a,d]cyclohepten mit 2 zu den erwarteten Spiro-1-pyrazolinen 4 bzw. 5. Die photolytische Abspaltung von Stickstoff aus 4 und 5 lieferte die Spirotetracycloheptane 6 bzw. 7. Die Röntgenstrukturanalyse von 6 beweist einen engen Kontakt zwischen je einem Wasserstoffatom der Tetracycloheptan- und der Fluoren-Einheit. Dieser kurze Abstand (2.15 Å) ruft Winkelaufweitungen hervor und wird auch als Grund für starke Entschirmungen der betreffenden Protonen und eine formal über sieben Bindungen reichende 0.6-Hz-Kopplung zwischen ihnen angesehene. 7 ist das erste chirale Tetracycloheptan. Ursache dafür ist eine nichtebene Konformation des Siebenrings, der bei Raumtemperatur nicht invertiert. Auf der Basis von NOE-Messungen gelang die Zuordnung der 1H-NMR-Signale von 6 und 7.
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 377-382 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Cyclopropane, 1-ethynyl-2,2,3,3-tetramethyl- ; Isomerization, thermal ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Thermische Umlagerungen, XIX. - Kinetik der thermischen Isomerisierung von 1-Ethinyl-2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropanDie Darstellung und Gasphasenpyrolyse von 1-Ethinyl-2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropan (9) werden beschrieben. Oberhalb 200°C lagert sich der Kohlenwasserstoff in 4,4,5-Trimethyl-1,2,5-hexatrien (10) und 5,6-Dimethyl-5-hepten-1-in (11) um. Während sich das Allen durch eine 1,5-Wasserstoffwanderung direkt aus 9 bildet, handelt es sich bei dem Alkin um ein Sekundärprodukt, das aus 10 durch eine [3,3]-sigmatrope Umlagerung entsteht. Die Aktivierungsparameter (Ea, lg A) dieser beiden Prozesse wurden im Temperaturbereich von 210-250°C ermittelt. Die erhaltenen Zahlenwerte werden diskutiert und mit denjenigen anderer konzertierter Reaktionen von Alkinen und Alkenen verglichen.
    Notes: 1-Ethynyl-2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropane (9) has been prepared and subjected to gas phase pyrolysis. Above 200°C the hydrocarbon rearranges to 4,4,5-trimethyl-1,2,5-hexatriene (10) and 5,6-dimethyl-5-hepten-1-yne (11). Whereas the allene is produced directly from 9 by a 1,5-hydrogen shift, the alkyne is a secondary product formed from 10 by a [3,3] sigmatropic rearrangement. The activation parameters (Ea, lg A) for both processes have been determined for the 210 to 250°C temperature range. The data are discussed and compared with those for other concerted reactions of alkynes and alkenes.
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989) 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 401-407 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chromium complexes, tetracarbonyl ; 1,3-Dihydro-1,3-diborafulvene derivatives ; Molybdenum complexes, tetracarbonyl ; Nickel sandwich complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis and Ligand Properties of 1,3-Dihydro-1,3-diborapentafulvene DerivativesReactions of (Z)-bis(dichloroboryl)alkenes 5 with 2-methyl-1,1-bis(trimethylstannyl)-1-propene (6) yield the 1,3-dihydro-1,3-diborapentafulvenes 2a-c. In 2c the chlorine atoms are substituted by N(CH3)2, N(C2H5)2, and CH3, respectively, with formation of 2d-f. The Lewis-acidic methyl derivative 2f reacts with Cr(CO)6, Mo(CO)6, and Ni(C3H5)2 to yield the complexes 7a, 7b, and 8, respectively. The tetracarbonylchromium complex 7a forms the zwitter-ionic addition product 9 with triethylphosphane. The X-ray structure analyses of 7b and 9 show that the heterocycle in 7b is bent more than in 9.
    Notes: Die Umsetzungen von (Z)-Bis(dichlorboryl)alkenen 5 mit 2-Methyl-1,1-bis(trimethylstannyl)-1-propen (6) ergeben die 1,3-Dihydro-1,3-diborapentafulvene 2a-c. In 2c werden die Chloratome durch N(CH3)2, N(C2H5)2 und CH3 unter Bildung von 2d-f ersetzt. Das Lewis-acide Methylderivat 2f reagiert mit Cr(CO)6, Mo(CO)6 und Ni(C3H5)2 zu den Einkernkomplexen 7a, 7b und 8. Der Tetracarbonylchromkomplex 7a bildet mit Triethylphosphan das zwitterionische Additionsprodukt 9. Röntgenstrukturanalysen von 7b und 9 zeigen, daß der Heterocyclus in 7b stärker als in 9 gefaltet ist.
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 409-418 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Silaethenes ; Bromotris(silyl)methane derivatives ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Generation and Detection of the Silaethene Ph2Si=C(SiMe3)2Bromotrisilylmethanes (Me3Si)2(Ph2XSi)CBr (4-13; Table 1) are formed by the reaction of (Me3Si)2(Ph2HSi)CM (M = Li, Na) with bromine or with bromine/chlorine (X = H, Cl, Br) and also by treating (Me3Si)2(Ph2BrSi)CBr with KHF2 (X = F), H2O or MeOH (X = OH, OMe), MeLi (X = Me), BuLi/Br2 (X = Bu), PhLi/Br2 or PhLi/PhOLi/Br2 (X = Ph, OPh). PhLi, BuLi, and tBu3SiNa convert the bromotrisilylmethanes by Br/M exchange into compounds (Me3Si)2(Ph2XSi)CM, which may be protolyzed, alkylated, and brominated [formation of (Me3Si)2(Ph2XSi)CY with Y = H, R, Br; cf. 4-23, Table 1]. For X = halogen the equilibrium (Me3Si)2(Ph2XSi)CM‵Ph2Si=C(SiMe3)2 (3) + MX exists. Thereby, silaethene 3 is formed in Et2O at -78°C (X/M = Br/Li) or at room temperature (X/M = F/Li, Br/Na), respectively, reversibly in low concentrations and at higher temperatures irreversibly (formation of secondary products of 3). The intermediacy of 3 has been established chemically by trapping 3 with (for example) RLi (formation of insertion products in the R—Li bond), Ph2C = NSiMe3 (formation of a [2 + 4] cycloadduct, which may serve as a source of 3), tBu2MeSiN3 (formation of a [2 + 3] cycloadduct), and particularly 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene (formation of Diels-Alder and ene reaction products). In the last case products and yields are independent of the origin of 3. From Me2Si=C(SiMe3)2 (1) to 3 there is only a gradual (but no principal) change of silaethene reactivity (3 is more Lewis acidic than 1).
    Notes: Bromotrisilylmethane (Me3Si)2(Ph2XSi)CBr (4-13; Tab. 1) entstehen durch Reaktion von (Me3Si)2(Ph2HSi)CM (M = Li, Na) mit Brom bzw. Brom/Chlor (X = H, Cl, Br) sowie durch Reaktion von (Me3Si)2(Ph2BrSi)CBr mit KHF2 (X = F), H2O oder MeOH (X = OH, OMe), MeLi (X = Me), BuLi/Br2 (X = Bu), PhLi/Br2 oder PhLi/PhOLi/Br2 (X = Ph, OPh). PhLi, BuLi und tBu3SiNa reagieren mit den Bromtrisilylmethanen unter Br/M-Austausch zu Verbindungen (Me3Si)2(Ph2XSi)CM, die protolysiert, alkyliert und bromiert werden können [Bildung von (Me3Si)2(Ph2XSi)CY mit Y = H, R, Br; 4-23, Tab. 1]. Für X = Halogen existiert das Gleichgewicht (Me3Si)2(Ph2XSi)CM‵Ph2Si=C(SiMe3)2 (3) + MX. Das Silaethen 3 bildet sich in Et2O bei -78°C (X/M = Br/Li) bzw. Raumtemperatur (X/M = F/Li, Br/Na) reversibel in kleiner Konzentration, bei höheren Temperaturen irreversibel (Bildung von Folgeprodukten von 3). Die intermediäre Existenz von 3 wurde auf chemischem Wege durch Abfangen von 3 u.a. mit RLi (Bildung von Insertionsprodukten in die R—Li-Bindung), Ph2C = NSiMe3 (Bildung eines als 3-Quelle dienenden [2 + 4]-Cycloaddukts), tBu2MeSiN3 (Bildung eines [2 + 3]-Cycloaddukts) und insbesondere 2,3-Dimethyl-1,3-butadien (Bildung von Diels-Alder- und En-Reaktionsprodukten) wahrscheinlich gemacht, wobei in letzterem Falle Produkte und Ausbeuten unabhängig von der 3-Quelle sind. Mit dem Übergang von Me2Si=C(SiMe3)2 (1) zu 3 ist keine prinzipielle, sondern nur eine graduelle Änderung der Reaktivität verbunden (3 ist Lewisacider als 1).
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 239
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 865-870 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Decamethylplumbocene protonation ; Half-sandwich lead compounds ; Lead(II) π-complexes: 207Pb NMR ; (Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)lead tetrafluoroborate, crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Lead(II) Compounds with π-Bonded pentamethylcyclopentadienyl Ligands - Syntheses, Structures, and Bonding PropertiesThe reaction of (pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)lithium with lead(II) chloride leads to Me5C5PbCl (1) or (Me5C5)2Pb (2) depending on the stoichiometry. The half-sandwich complexes Me5C5Pb(BF4) (3a) and Me5C5Pb(CF3SO3) (3b). are formed from 2 by reaction with tetrafluoroboric acid and trifluoroacetic acid, respectively. 2,2′-Bipyridine and 1,8-naphthyridine react with 3a and 3b to yield the 1:1 adducts 4a, 4b, and 5. An X-ray structure analysis of 3a shows the presence of BF4-bridged dimeric units. Based on 1H-, 13C-, 11B-, 19F-, and 207Pb-NMR data, the bonding in the π-complexes is discussed.
    Notes: Die Reaktion von (Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)lithium mit Blei(II)-chlorid führt je nach Stöchiometrie zu Me5C5PbCl (1) oder zu (Me5C5)2Pb (2). Aus 2 entstehen durch Umsetzung mit Tetrafluoroborsäure bzw. Trifluormethansulfonsäure die Halbsandwich-Komplexe Me5C5Pb(BF4) (3a) bzw. Me5C5Pb(CF3SO3) (3b). Mit 2,2′-Bipyridin und 1,8-Naphthyridin bilden die Komplexe 3a und 3b die 1:1-Addukte 4a, 4b und 5. Eine am Komplex 3a durchgeführte Röntgenstrukturanalyse zeigt das Vorliegen BF4-verbrückter dimerer Einheiten. Die Bindungsverhältnisse in obigen π-Komplexen werden u.a. anhand von 1H-, 13C-, 11B-, 19F- und 207Pb-NMR-Daten diskutiert.
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  • 240
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 871-878 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Group 14 metallocenes, σ-cyclopentadienyl ligands ; Group 14 metallocenes, protonation ; Group 14 element-alkene complexes ; Germanium(II)-alkene complexes, crystal structure ; Tin(II)-alkene complexes, crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Half-Sandwich Cyclopentadienyl Complexes of Germaninum, Tin, and Lead with Additional Metal-Olefin InteractionsTreatment of GeCl2 · dioxane, SnCl2 and PbCl2 with two equivalents of monometallated 1,1′-(dimethylsilanediyl)bis(2,3,4,5-tetramethyl-2,4-cyclopentadiene) (2) yields the metallocenes 3, 4, and 5. Protonation with tetrafluoroboric acid (trifluoromethanesulfonic acid) leads under ligand abstraction to the ionic species (Me4C5H)Me2Si(Me4C5)El+ BF4- (CF3SO3-) with El = Ge: 6a (6b), Sn: 7a (7b), Pb: 8a (8b). Reaction of monometallated 1 with two equivalents of GeCl2 · dioxane provides (Me4C5H)Me2Si(Me4C5)Ge+ GeCl3- (6c). Crystal structure investigations of the complexes 6c and 7a confirm a metallocenophane-like structure, in which the central atom is pentahapto bonded to the cyclopentadienyl ring and furthermore weakly dihapto-bound to one of the double bonds of the cyclopentadiene ligand.
    Notes: Die Umsetzung von GeCl2 · Dioxan, SnCl2 und PbCl2 mit zwei Äquivalenten monometalliertem 1,1′-(Dimethylsilandiyl)bis-(2,3,4,5-tetramethyl-2,4-cyclopentadien) (2) führt zu den Metallocenen 3,4 und 5. Protonierung mit Tetrafluoroborsäure (Trifluormethansulfonsäure) fährt unter Abspaltung jeweils eines Liganden zu ionischen Verbindungen (Me4C5H)Me2Si(Me4C5)El+ BF4- (CF3SO3-) mit El = Ge: 6a (6b), Sn: 7a (7b), Pb: 8a (8b). Die Reaktion von monometalliertem 1 mit zwei Äquivalenten GeCl2 · Dioxan führt zu (Me4C5H)Me2Si(Me4C5)Ge+ GeCl3- (6c). Kristallstrukturuntersuchungen an den Komplexen 6c und 7a bestätigen einen metallocenophanartigen Bau, wobei das Zentralatom neben der Pentahapto-Bindung zum basalen Cyclopentadienylring eine schwache Dihapto-Koordination zu einer Doppelbindung des Cyclopentadienliganden aufweist.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 241
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Bis(cyclopentadienyl)calcium complexes ; Calcium complexes ; Bent calcocenes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis and Properties of Substituted Bis(cylopentadienyl)calcium Compounds: Crystal Structure of Monomeric Bis[1,3-bis(trimethylsilyl)cyclopentadienyl] (tetrahydrofuran)calciumReaction of substituted cyclopentadienes with calcium amide and THF in liquid ammonia as solvent yields the crystalline air-sensitive THF adducts (Me5C5)2Ca · 2THF (1), [1,3-(Me3C)2C5H3]2Ca · THF (2), [(Me3Si)C5H4]2Ca · THF (4) and [1,3-(Me3Si)2C5H3]2Ca · THF (5). From 1,2-dimethoxyethane solutions of the complexes 1, 4, and 5 the DME complexes 6, 7, 8 are obtained. Complex 1 is transferred to (Me5C5)2Ca · THF (9) by thermal treatment in vacuo. The crystal structure of 5 shows bent metallocene monomers. The THF molecule is metal-coordinated.
    Notes: Die Umsetzung von substituierten Cyclopentadienen mit Calciumamid und THF in flüssigem Ammoniak als Lösungsmittel liefert die kristallinen, luftempfindlichen THF-Addukte (Me5C5)2Ca · 2THF (1), [1,3-(Me3C)2C5H3]2Ca · THF (2), [(Me3Si)C5H4]2Ca · THF (4) und [1,3-(Me3Si)2C5H3]2Ca · THF (5). Aus 1,2-Dimethoxyethan-Lösungen der Komplexe 1, 4, 5 erhält man die DME-Komplexe 6, 7, 8. Der Komplex 1 wird durch Erhitzen im Vakuum in (Me5C5)2Ca · THF (9) übergeführt. Die Kristallstrukturuntersuchung von 5 zeigt das Vorliegen monomerer, gewinkelter Metallocene. Das Molekül THF ist Metall-koordiniert.
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  • 242
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 479-480 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Azaborane clusters ; Aza-arachno-heptaborane(10) anions ; Iminoboranes ; Pentaborane(9) ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Aza-arachno-heptaboranes, a Novel Class of AzaboranesIn the presence of 2,6-lutidine (Lu), iminoboranes RB≡NR′ (1a-c, R/R′ = iPr/tBu, tBu/tBu,tBu/SiMe3) are added to B5H9 to give [LuH][R′NB6H8R] (2a-c). A monocapped trigonal prism for the arachno-NB6 skeleton of 2a-c is deduced from 11B-NMR data.
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  • 243
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 473-478 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Tetraalkylcyclotetrastibanes ; Pentaalkylcyclopentastibanes ; Alkylantimony polymers ; Tetramesitylcyclotetrastibane ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Syntheses and Structures of Ethyl-, Propyl-, Butyl-, and MesitylantimonyDehalogenation of alkylantimony dibromides RSbBr2 (R = Et, Pr, Bu) with Mg in THF gives yellow solutions containing mainly five-membered antimony rings (RSb)5 and four-membered antimony rings (RSb)4. The trimers (RSb)3 are identified by mass spectrometry. Evaporation of the solutions reversibly gives black solids of the polymers (RSb)x (x » 5). The substituents R in the cycles preferentially adopt trans positions. The crystal structure of (MesSb)4·benzene contains linear …Sb4…Sb4…connected cyclotetrastibane-arene complexes with good η6-hapticity of the benzene molecule to one of the four Sb atoms (ring center…Sb 3.81 Å, angle to the perpendicular line 5°). The Sb4 ring is folded considerably.
    Notes: Die Enthalogenierung von Alkylantimondibromiden RSbBr2 (R = Et, Pr, Bu) mit Mg in THF führt zu gelben Lösungen, die überwiegend die Antimonfünfringe (RSb)5 neben den Vierringen (RSb)4 enthalten. Die Trimeren (RSb)3 können massenspektrometrisch nachgewiesen werden. Beim Entfernen des Lösungsmittels bilden sich reversibel die Polymeren (RSb)x (x » 5) in Form schwarzer Festkörper. In den Ringen nehmen die Substituenten R maximale trans-Positionen ein. Die Kristallstruktur von (MesSb)4 · Benzol enthält linear …Sb4…Sb4…-verknüpfte Cyclotetrastiban-Aren-Komplexe mit guter η6-Haptizität des Benzolmoleküls an eines der vier Sb-Atome (Ringmitte…Sb 3.81 Å, Winkel zur Flächennormale 5°). Der Sb4-Ring ist stark und uneinheitlich gefaltet.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 244
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 493-498 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: 1,6-Methano[10]annulenes, 2- and 3-nitro- ; Vicarious nucleophilic substitution ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Nucleophilic C—C Linkages of 2-Nitro-and 3-Nitro-1,6-methano[10]annulenesBy „vicarious nucleophilic substitutions“ of 2- and 3-nitro-1,6-methano[10]annulenes (2, 3) the new compounds 4-13 are obtained. Reactions of 2, 3 with sodium methoxide lead to the Ethers 16 and 17, oxidative coupling reactions in the presence of MnO2 to 18, and Meisenheimer complexes, followed by oxidation, to the nitromethane derivatives 14 and 15.
    Notes: Durch „stellvertretende nucleophile Substitutionen“ („Vicarious nucleophilic substitutions“) an 2- und 3-Nitro-1,6-methano- [10]annulenen (2, 3) werden die Verbindungen 4-13 gewonnen. Reaktion mit Natriummethanolat liefert die Ether 16 sowie 17, oxidative Kupplung in Gegenwart von MnO2 das Dimere 18 und Meisenheimer-Komplexe unter anschließender Oxidation die Nitromethanderivate 14 und 15.
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  • 245
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 509-517 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Conformational analysis ; Oxabicyclo[6.1.0]nonynes ; MNDO and MM2 calculations ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: 9-Oxabicyclo[6.1.0]nonynesSemiempirical quantum mechanics (MNDO) and force field calculations (MM2) reveal that two diastereomeric conformations a and b of low energy exist for each of the three isomeric cis-9-oxabicyclo[6.1.0]nonynes 1-3. Synthetically, the highly strained compounds 1-3 are accessible by the selenadiazole method or by dehydrobromination (Schemes 3, 4, and 6). Conformational analysis by NMR spectroscopy confirms the predicted equilibrium for 2; for 1 both conformers even at -60°C show a fast equilibration by inversion of the eight-membered ring, and in 3 practically one conformation is populated only.
    Notes: Semiempirische quantenmechanische Rechnungen (MNDO) und Kraftfeldrechnungen (MM2) zeigen, daß für die drei konstitutionsisomeren cis-9-Oxabicyclo[6.1.0]nonine 1-3 jeweils zwei energiearme, zueinander diastereomere Konformere a und b existieren. Der synthetische Zugang zu den hoch gespannten Verbindungen 1-3 gelingt mit der Selenadiazolmethode oder durch Dehydrobromierung (Schemata 3, 4 und 6). Die NMR-spektroskopische Konformationsanalyse bestätigt bei 2 das vorhergesagte Konformerengleichgewicht; bei 1 gehen selbst bei -60°C die beiden Konformeren durch Umklappen des Achtrings schnell ineinander über, und bei 3 ist praktisch nur eine Konformation populiert.
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  • 246
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 815-821 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Fluorosiloxanols ; Lithium fluorosiloxanolates ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Lithium Compounds of a Silanediol, a 1-Fluoro-1, 3-disiloxane-3-ol, and a 1-Fluoro-1, 3, 5,-trisiloxane-5ol; Synthesis and Crystal StructuresThe lithiated disilanol (CMe3)2Si(OLi)OH (2) serves as a starting material in the reaction with halosilanes for the stepwise construction of siloxanols 3, 8, 10 and siloxanes 6, 9, 3 and 10 react with n-C4H9Li to give the lithium compounds 7 and 11. The coordination at lithium is tetrahedral in 2, trigonal pyramidal in 7, and planar in 11. Lithium is bound to four Si-O atoms in 2, two Si-O atoms and one THF molecule in 7, and two Si-O atoms and one Si-F atom in 11. The crystal structures of 2, 7, and 11 are discussed.
    Notes: Das lithiierte Disilanol (CMe3)2Si(OLi)OH (2) dient in Reaktionen mit Halogensilanen als Startmaterial zum stufenweisen Aufbau von Siloxanolen 3, 8, 10 und siloxanen 6, 9. n-C4H9Li reagiert mit 3 und 10 zu den Lithium-Verbindungen 7 und 11. Das Lithium ist in 2 tetraedrisch, in 7 trigonal-pyramidal und in 11 planar koordiniert. Die Bindungspartner des Lithiums in 2 sind vier Si-O-Atome, in 7 zwei Si-O-Atome und ein THF-Molekül und in 11 zwei Si-O-und ein Si-F-Atom. Die Kristallstrukturen von 2, 7 und 11 werden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 669-675 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Acetylacetonates, O-substituted ; (Alkenyloxymethylene)cyanamide derivatives ; (Alkenyloxymethylene)-propanedinitrile derivatives ; Tautomerism ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Tautomerism of O-Alkylidenepropanedinitrile and O-Alkylidenecyanamide Groups in O-Substituted AcetylacetonesReaction of the sodium salt of acetylacetone (1) with (α-chlorobenzylidene)propanedinitrile (2, R = Ph) leads to the C-substitution product 4 as the cis-enol. The trans-enol 5 is only obtained as an intermediate (e.g. photochemically) yielding immediately the 2-pyridone 6. Acetylacetone (7) as such reacts with 2 (R = Ph) or with N-cyanobenzimidoyl chloride (9) in the presence of triethylamine/DMAP to give the O-substitution products 8 and 10 as mixtures of their E/Z-isomers. The Z-isomers show a rapid degenerate (O → O) migration. By heating, 8Z rearranges irreversibly to the benzoic acid enol ester 11. 3-Phenylacetylacetone or its thallium(I) salt 16 reacts with (1-chloroalkylidene)propanedinitriles 2 or with N-cyanobenzimidoyl chloride (9) to yield the O-substitution products 14, 15, 17a, and 17b. 8Z, 17a, and 17b were investigated by DNMR spectroscopy.
    Notes: Die Umsetzung des Natriumsalzes von Acetylaceton (1) mit (α-Chlorbenzyliden)propandinitril (2, R = Ph) ergibt das C-Substitutionsprodukt 4 als cis-Enol. Das nur als Zwischenstufe (z. B. photochemisch) erhältliche trans-Enol 5 cyclisiert sofort zum 2-Pyridon 6. Acetylaceton (7) selbst liefert mit 2 (R = Ph) oder mit N-Cyanbenzimidoylchlorid (9) in Gegenwart von Triethylamin/DMAP die O-Substitutionsprodukte 8 und 10 als E/Z-Isomerengemische. Die Z-Isomere zeigen eine schnelle entartete (O → O)-Wanderung. 8Z lagert sich bei längerem Erhitzen irreversibel in den Benzoesäure-enolester 11 um. 3-Phenylacetylaceton oder sein Thallium(I)-Salz 16 reagieren mit (1-Chloralkyliden)propandinitrilen 2 oder N-Cyanbenzimidoylchlorid (9) zu den O-Substitutionsprodukten 14, 15, 17a und 17b. 8Z, 17a und 17b werden DNMR-spektroskopisch untersucht.
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 687-693 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Hydroboranes ; Hydrogenation ; Naphthalenes ; Tetralins ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reduktion kondensierter Arene mit -Boranen, II. - Boran-katalysierte Hydrierung von Naphthalinen zu TetralinenTetrapropyldiboran(6) (TPDB) und Triethylboran (TEB) katalysieren bei 170-200°C und Wasserstoff-Drucken von 25-100 bar die regioselektive und partielle Hydrierung von Naphthalin (N) sowie von zahlreichen substituierten Naphthalinen. Tetralin (T) wird aus N quantitativ gebildet. Naphthalin-Derivate lassen sich bevorzugt im nicht oder weniger substituierten Ring hydrieren. Nebenreaktionen der Tetralin-Bildung sind Lewis-Säure-katalysierte Alkyl-Wanderungen und in geringem Umfang auch C—C-Spaltungen. Chlorierte Naphthaline sowie am Sauerstoff-Atom derivatisierte Naphthole reagieren mit H2/Boran unter partiellem Verlust der Chlor-Atome bzw. der O-Funktion. Das eingesetzte Boran ist eine Katalysator-Vorstufe, aus der während des Erhitzens langsam katalytisch wirksame Polybor-Verbindungen unbekannter Struktur gebildet werden.
    Notes: Tetrapropyldiborane(6) (TPDB) and triethylborane (TEB) catalyze the regioselective and partial hydrogenation of naphthalene (N) and a number of substituted naphthalenes at 170-200°C and hydrogen pressures of 25-100 bar. Tetralin (T) is formed quantitatively. Naphthalene derivatives are mainly hydrogenated in the least substituted ring. In the case of alkyl substituents, Lewis acid catalyzed migration and, to a lesser extent C—C bond rupture, lower the yield of the main tetralin derivative. Chlorinated naphthalenes and at the O-atom derivatized naphthols undergo also partial loss of the chloro or oxygen functional groups. The initially added borane acts only as a precatalyst and is slowly converted to catalytically active polyboranes of as yet unknown structures.
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 833-840 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, model studies ; Hydride abstraction ; Osmium(benzene) complexes ; Ruthenium(hexamethylbenzene) complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Arene(phosphane) metal Complexes, XV. - Synthesis of Neutral and cationic Arene(carbonyl)metal complexes of Ruthenium and Osmium with C6Me6Ru und C6H6Os as Building BlockThe benzeneosmium(0) compounds C6H6Os(CO)L [8: L = PiPr3; 9: L = P(OiPr)3; 10: L = P(OPh)3] are prepared by reduction of [C6H6OsI(CO)L]PF6 (5-7) with NaC10H8 in THF. Protonation of 8 and 9 with NH4PF6 or HBF4 gives the hydridoosmium(II) complexes [C6H6OsH(CO)L]PF6 (11; 12a, b) from which the neutral compounds 8 and 9 are regenerated with NaH. The carbonyl(ethylene)hydridoosmium(II) complex [C6H6OsH(CO)-(C2H4)]PF6 (21a), an analogue of 11 and 12a, is almost quantitatively obtained from C6H6Os(CH3)2(CO) and [CPh3]PF6; it gives C6H6Os(CO)(C2H4) (22) by deprotonation with NaH. Reactions of C6H6OsI2(CO) with methyllithium and of 21a with NaI lead to the formation of the alkyl(iodo)osmium compounds C6H6OsCH3(CO)I (24) and C6H6OsC2H5(CO)I (23), respectively. The synthesis of the ruthenium complexes [C6Me6RuCl(CO)2]PF6 (15), C6Me6Ru(CO)2 (16), and C6Me6Ru(CH3)2(CO) (25) has been achieved using C6Me6RuCl2(CO) as the starting material.
    Notes: Die Benzolosmium(0)-Verbindungen C6H6Os(CO)L [8: L = PiPr3; 9: L = P(OiPr)3; 10: L = P(OPh)3] werden durch Reduktion von [C6H6OsI(CO)L]PF6 (5-7) mit NaC10H8 in THF hergestellt. Bei der Protonierung von 8 und 9 mit NH4PF6 oder HBF4 entstehen die Hydridoosmium(II)-Komplexe [C6H6OsH(CO)L]X (11; 12a, b), die mit NaH wieder zu den Neutralverbindungen 8 und 9 reagieren. Der zu 11 und 12a analoge Carbonyl(ethylen)-hydridoosmium(II)-Komplex [C6H6OsH(CO)(C2H4)]PF6 (21a) bildet sich nahezu quantitativ bei der Umsetzung von C6H6Os(CH3)2(CO) mit [CPh3]PF6 und ergibt nach Deprotonierung mit NaH C6H6Os(CO)(C2H4) (22). Durch Reaktion von C6H6OsI2(CO) mit Methyllithium und von 21a mit NaI werden die Alkyl(iodo)osmium-Verbindungen C6H6OsCH3(CO)I (24) und C6H6OsC2H5(CO)I (23) erhalten. Ausgehend von C6Me6-RuCl2(CO) sind die Ruthenium-Komplexe [C6Me6RuCl(CO)2]-PF6 (15), C6Me6Ru(CO)2 (16) und C6Me6Ru(CH3)2(CO) (25) zugänglich.
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  • 250
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 841-849 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Lewis acid-base adducts ; Alkali metal amides ; Chelated metals ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The Reaction of Polycyclic Alkoxysilylamides of Li, Na, and K with Organic Lewis BasesIndependently of the ligand at the nitrogen atom (tert-butyl or trimethylsilyl) the polycyclic and dimeric lithium (alkoxysilyl)-tert-butylamide 1 or lithium (alkoxysilyl)silylamide 2 react with bases like pyridine, tetrahydrofuran, or dioxane to form the acidbase adducts 1a, 1b, 1c, and 2a of similar structure. An X-ray structure analysis of 1b confirms the base tetrahydrofuran being coordinated by the oxygen to one of the lithium atoms while the other is surrounded by oxygen and nitrogen atoms of the siloxyamide ligand. The two metal atoms have different coordination numbers (3 versus 4), the shorter distances are found at the one [Li(2)] with less neighbours. Even an excess of the base does not lead to complexes in which the two metal atoms within the molecule have equal degree of saturation or have an equal environment. Nevertheless this situation can be reached with the corresponding sodium compound 3, which forms 3a by contact with pyridine. In this product the two sodium atoms have an identical coordination sphere being bound to three nitrogen and one oxygen atom. A compound with different sodium atoms is formed when 3 is treated with α,α′-bipyridine. This astonishing unsymmetry in the coordination of the two metal atoms is not realized in the corresponding potassium compound 4a, formed from 4 and α,α′-bipyridine (equally coordinated potassium atoms). The existence of acid-base adducts of 3 and 4 with phenanthroline and different crown ethers has been proven.
    Notes: Unabhängig vom Liganden am Stickstoffatom (tert-Butyl oder Trimethylsilyl) reagiert das polycyclische und dimere Lithium-(alkoxysilyl)-tert-butylamid 1 bzw. Lithium-(alkoxysilyl)silylamid 2 mit den Basen Pyridin, Tetrahydrofuran bzw. Dioxan zu Säure-Base-Addukten 1a, 1b, 1c und 2a mit ähnlicher Struktur Nach der Röntgenstrukturanalyse von 1b koordiniert die Base Tetrahydrofuran über den Sauerstoff an eines der beiden Lithiumatome, während das andere von den Sauerstoff- und Stickstoff-atomen des Siloxyamidliganden umgeben ist. Die beiden Metallatome besitzen unterschiedliche Koordinationszahlen (3 und 4), wobei Li(2) aufgrund der geringeren Anzahl der Nachbarn die kürzesten Abstände bildet. Selbst ein Basenüberschuß führt nicht zur Bildung von Komplexen, bei denen die beiden Metallatome im Molekül gleichen Sättigungsgrad und gleiche Umgebung erreichen. Möglich ist dies jedoch bei der entsprechenden Natriumverbindung 3, die mit Pyridin zu der Verbindung 3a reagiert. In diesem Produkt besitzen beide Natriumatome dieselbe Koordinationssphäre mit je drei Stickstoff- und einem Sauerstoffatom als Nachbarn. Setzt man 3 mit α,α′-Bipyridyl um, so entsteht eine Verbindung mit Natriumatomen unterschiedlicher Umgebung. Diese erstaunliche Unsymmetrie in der Koordination der beiden Metallatome liegt bei der entsprechenden Kaliumverbindung 4a, gewonnen aus 4 und α,α′-Bipyridyl, nicht vor (gleichartig koordinierte Kaliumatome). Säure-Base-Addukte von 3 und 4 mit Phenanthrolin und Kronenethern waren nachzuweisen.
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  • 251
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Benzosemibullvalene ; [4 + 3] Cycloaddition ; 5H-Benzocycloheptene, 5-(diazomethyl)- ; Electrophilic diazoalkane substitution ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Diazo Compounds, 701. - Intramolecular Cycloaddition of 5-(Diazomethyl)-5H-benzocycloheptenes - Partial Step of a New Benzosemibullvalene SynthesisElectrophilic diazoalkane substitution of the (diazomethyl)phosphoryl compounds 13a-d with the 7-alkoxybenzocycloheptenylium perchlorates 8a-e yields the 7-alkoxy-5-(diazomethyl)-5H-benzocycloheptenes 15a-l, which generally isomerize quickly by intramolecular cycloaddition to the tetracycles 19a-l. The 7-isomers 14, formed also in the primary substitution process, can be detected by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. By thermal nitrogen elimination, 19a, b, e, and h are transformed into the tetracycles 21a-d. In the case of 19i, k, and l the formation of the tricyclic compounds is accompanied by an additional hetero Cope rearrangement (→22a-c). The reaction of the lithiated diazomethyl compounds 24a and b with 7-morpholinobenzocycloheptenylium perchlorate (23) after chromatographic workup leads to the ketones 26a and b.
    Notes: Elektrophile Diazoalkan-Substitution der (Diazomethyl)phosphoryl-Verbindungen 13a-d mit den 7-Alkoxybenzocycloheptenylium-perchloraten 8a-e liefert die 7-Alkoxy-5-(diazomethyl)-5H-benzocycloheptene 15a-l, die im allgemeinen schnell durch intramolekulare Cycloadditon zu den Tetracyclen 19a-l isomerisieren. Die beim primären Substitutionsprozeß ebenfalls gebildeten 7-Isomeren 14 lassen sich 1H-NMR-spektroskopisch nach-weisen. Durch thermische Stickstoff-Abspaltung werden 19a, b, e und h in die Tetracyclen 21a-d umgewandelt. Im Falle von 19i, k und l ist die Tetracyclen-Bildung noch von einer zusätzlichen hetero-Cope-Umlagerung begleitet (→22a-c). Die Umsetzung der lithiierten Diazomethyl-Verbindungen 24a und b mit 7-Morpholinobenzocycloheptenylium-perchlorat (23) führt nach chromatographischer Aufarbeitung zu den Ketonen 26a und b.
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  • 252
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 589-591 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: 2,2′-Bipyridines, building blocks for complex ligands ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 4,4′-Donor-Substituted and 6,6′-Difunctionalized 2,2′-BipyridinesThe previously unknown 4,4′-dimethoxy-substituted 6,6′-diacyl-2,2′-bipyridines 7, 8 (acyl = acetyl, formyl) are prepared. Some old procedures in the synthetic sequence were optimized.
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  • 253
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 753-766 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Isofulminic acid ; Normal mode analysis ; Photoisomerizations ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Die CHNO-IsomerenDie kürzlich gelungene Isolierung von Isoknallsäure hat das Tor für eine vergleichende Studie über alle vier möglichen CHNO Isomere (Isocyansäure, Cyansäure, Knallsäure und Isoknallsäure) geöffnet. Ihre Infrarot-Spektren, aufgenommen in einer Argon-Matrix bei 13 K, werden mit den Ergebnissen von ab-initio-Rechnungen verglichen.
    Notes: The recent isolation of isofulminic acid has opened the door for a comparative study of all the four possible CHNO isomers: isocyanic acid, cyanic acid, fulminic acid, and isofulminic acid. Their infrared spectra have been measured in an argon matrix at 13 K and are compared with the results of ab initio calculations.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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  • 254
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 797-800 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Cyclopentenone derivatives ; Enol ethers ; Prostacyclin intermediates ; Regioselective acylation ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A regioselective and stereoselective route to a prostacyclin intermediate is reported.
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  • 255
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 781-794 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Persubstituted (CH)10 systems ; Photochemical and thermal isomerizations ; Steric crowding ; Valence isomerizations ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Valence Isomerizations, 18. - Valence Isomerizations of Persubstituted (CH)10 SystemsWithin the synthesis of persubstituted dihydronaphthalenes, altogether nineteen octamethylbis(methoxycarbonyl)-substituted valence isomers have been isolated, and their structures and mutual relationships clarified. Compared to the unsubstituted parent compounds, there are remarkable differences. The same is true for seven valence-isomeric forms of permethylated (CH)10 hydrocarbons which correspond to diesters and are also presented in this article.
    Notes: Im Rahmen der Synthese von persubstituierten Dihydronaphthalinen sind insgesamt neunzehn octamethylbis(methoxycarbonyl)-substituierte (CH)10-Valenzisomere isoliert, strukturell gesichert und in ihren gegenseitigen Beziehungen aufgeklärt worden. Die Unterschiede zu den unsubstituierten Grundkörpern sind frappierend. Dasselbe gilt für die den Diestern entsprechenden permethylierten (CH)10-Kohlenwasserstoffe, von denen insgesamt sieben valenzisomere Formen vorgestellt werden.
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  • 256
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989) 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 257
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: 1,3-Diphospha-2-propanone, iron complex of ; Methylene insertion ; Ylides ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Transition Metal Sulfur Ylide Complexes, XXVI. - Reactivity of the (1,3-Diphospha-2-propanone)iron Complex Fe2(CO)6-[(iPr)2N-PC(O)P-N(iPr)2] towards the Ylides Me2S(O)CH2 and Ph3PCH2. Synthesis and Structure of Fe2(CO)6{[(iPr)2N-PCH2]2CO}The metal-functionalized 1,3-diphospha-2-propanone Fe2(CO)6-[(iPr)2N-PC(O)P-N(iPr)2] (3) reacts with two equivalents of Me2S(O)CH2 to give the 1,5-diphospha-3-pentanone derivative 6 by insertion of one CH2 group into each P—C(O) bond. Treatment of 3 with Ph3PCH2 affords the carbonyl-stabilized phosphorus ylide 8. The molecular structure of 6 is established by X-ray analysis. Structure elucidation of 8 is based on spectroscopic data (IR, 1H-, 13C-, 31P-NMR, MS).
    Notes: Das metallierte 1,3-Diphospha-2-propanon Fe2(CO)6[(iPr)2N-PC(O)P-N(iPr)2] (3) reagiert mit zwei Äquivalenten Me2S(O)-CH2 unter Insertion jeweils einer CH2-Gruppe in beide P—C(O)-Bindungen zu dem 1,5-Diphospha-3-pentanon-Derivat 6. Die Behandlung von 3 mit Ph3PCH2 liefert das carbonylstabilisierte Phosphorylid 8. Von 6 wurde eine Röntgenstrukturanalyse durch-geführt. Strukturaufklärung von 8 erfolgte spektroskopisch (IR, 1H-, 13C-, 31P-NMR, MS).
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  • 258
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 1915-1916 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Phosphoranes, imino- ; Tellurium, pentacoordinated ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis and Stucture of a Four-Membered Tellurium-Nitrogen RingReaction of Ph3P = NSiMe3 (1) with TeCl4 leads to (Ph3P = NTeCl3)2 (3). Single crystals of 3 were obtained by recrystallization from CH2Cl2; they contain two molecules of solvent. 3 forms a four-membered planar Te2N2 ring with alternating Te—N bonds.
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  • 259
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 1907-1913 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Carbenes, alkylideneamino- ; Isocyanides, carbamoyl ; Aminolyses ; Thiolyses ; Chromium carbene complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactions at the Coordinated Trichoromethyl Isocyanide, III.  -  Hererofunctionalized (Alkylideneamino)carbene and Carbamoyl IsocyanidesReaction of pentacarbonyl(trichloromethyl isocyanide)chromium (2) with the secondary amines pyrrolidine, 2,6-dimethylpiperidine, and diethylamine in a 1:2 ratio gives [amino(imino)carbene]-chromium complexes Cr(CO)5{C(NR2)N = CCl2} 〈 R2 = [CH2]4 (5), MeCH[CH2]3CHMe (7), Et2 (11)〉; with additional amine substitution of a chlorine atom of the isocyanide dichloride group occurs with formation of amino(chloroformamidino)carbene complexes Cr(CO)5{C(NR2)N = C(Cl)NR2} 〈 R2 = [CH2]4 (6), [CH2]2 (8), [CH2]5 (9)〉. The latter are easily hydrolyzed to give carbamoyl isocyanide complexes Cr(CO)5CNC(= O)NR2 〈 R2 = [CH2]5 (10), Et2 (12), [CH2]4 (13)〉. Nucleophilic exchange for the ethylenediamine function NR[CH2]2NR (R = Me, H) of both chlorine atoms in 5 affords the [amino(guanidino)carbene]chromium complexes 16a and 16b. The compounds [bis(ethylthio)-carbene]pentacarbonylchromium (14, side product) and Cr(CO)5{C(SEt)N = C(Cl)SEt} (15, main product) result from 2 and ethanethiol.
    Notes: Die Umsetzung von Pentacarbonyl(trichlormethylisocyanid)-chrom (2) mit den sekundären Aminen Pyrrolidin, 2,6-Dimethylpiperidin und Diethylamin im Verhältnis 1:2 führt zu den [Amino(imino)carben]chrom-Komplexen Cr(CO)5{C(NR2)N = CCl2} 〈 R2 = [CH2]4 (5), MeCH[CH2]3CHMe (7), Et2 (11)〉; mit weiterem Amin erfolgt Substitution eines Chloratoms der Isocyaniddichlorid-Gruppe und Bildung der Amino(chlorformamidino)carben-Komplexe Cr(CO)5{C(NR2)N = C(Cl)NR2} 〈 R2 = [CH2]4 (6), [CH2]2 (8), [CH2]5 (9)〉. Letztere hydrolysieren leicht zu Carbamoylisocyanid-Komplexen Cr(CO)5CNC(=O)NR2 〈 R2 = [CH2]5 (10), Et2 (12) und [CH2]4 (13)〉. [Amino(guanidino)carben]chrom-Komplexe (16a,b) entstehen durch nucleophilen Austausch beider Chloratome in 5 gegen die Ethylendiamin-Funktion NR[CH2]2NR (R = Me, H). Aus 2 und Ethanthiol resultieren die Verbindungen [Bis(ethylthio)carben]-pentacarbonylchrom (14, Nebenprodukt) und Cr(CO)5{C(SEt)N = C(Cl)SEt} (15, Hauptprodukt).
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  • 260
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 1939-1946 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Allenes, six-membered, cyclic ; 1-Oxa-2,3-cyclohexadiene ; 3,5,6,6a-Tetrahydro-2H-cyclobuta[b]pyrans ; 4,4a,5,8-Tetrahydro-3H-2-benzopyrans ; 3,5,8,8a-Tetrahydro-2H-1-benzopyran ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Generation and Interception of 1-Oxa-2,3-cyclohexadieneThe reaction of 6,6-dichloro-2-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane (4a) in styrene with n-butyllithium gave mainly polystyrene and 1-chloro-1-phenylhexane (6) but afforded the tetrahydrocyclobutapyrans 5, the trapping products of 1-oxa-2,3-cyclohexadiene (3) generated from 4a, only in low yield. The unstable 6,6-dibromobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane (4b) was generated at -60°C and treated with methyllithium at -30°C in the presence of styrene providing the products 5 in 24% yield. Prepared from 2,3-dihydrofuran and bromofluorocarbene in 25% yield, exo-6-bromo-endo-6-fluoro-2-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane (9) is a stable source for 3. Thus, treatment of 9 in styrene, α-methylstyrene, 1,3-butadiene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, furan, and 2,5-dimethylfuran with methyllithium furnished interception products of 3 in 31-80% yield. [2 + 2] Cycloadducts, i.e. 5, 12, 13, and 15, were formed as mixtures of diastereomers with the styrenes and as main products also with the 1,3-butadienes. The furans gave [4 + 2] cycloadducts exclusively (17 and 18), the 1,3-butadienes only to a minor extent (14 and 16). [2 + 2] and [4 + 2] Cycloadditions display different chemoselectivity. Whereas the former utilize the enol ether double bond, the latter take place at the double bond more remote from the oxygen. Formed from 3 as a 1:1 mixture of diastereomers, the product 5 gave a 20:1:1 mixture of exo-5, endo-5, and the structural isomer 19 on heating at 150°C. Thermolysis of the 1:1 mixture of 13 and 14 furnished a 2:1 mixture of 14 and the tetrahydro-1-benzopyran 20.
    Notes: Umsetzung von 6,6-Dichlor-2-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan (4a) in Styrol mit n-Butyllithium lieferte neben Polystyrol und 1-Chlor-1-phenylhexan (6) in geringer Ausbeute die Tetrahydrocyclobutapyrane 5, die Abfangprodukte des aus 4a generierten 1-Oxa-2,3-cyclohexadiens (3). Das unbeständige 6,6-Dibrom-2-oxabicyclo-[3.1.0]hexan (4b) wurde bei -60°C erzeugt und bei -30°C mit Methyllithium in Gegenwart von Styrol umgesetzt, woraus die Produkte 5 mit 24% Ausbeute hervorgingen. Als bei 20°C beständige Quelle für 3 erwies sich exo-6-Brom-endo-6-fluor-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan (9), das aus 2,3-Dihydrofuran und Bromfluorcarben mit 25% Ausbeute bereitet wurde. Behandlung von 9 in Styrol, α-Methylstyrol, 1,3-Butadien, 2,3-Dimethyl-1,3-butadien, Furan und 2,5-Dimethylfuran mit Methyllithium ergab Abfangprodukte von 3 mit Ausbeuten von 31-80%. Dabei entstanden mit den Styrolen und überwiegend auch mit den 1,3-Butadienen [2 + 2]-Cycloaddukte als Diastereomerengemische, nämlich 5, 12, 13 und 15. Die Furane lieferten ausschließlich [4 + 2]-Cycloaddukte (17 und 18), die 1,3-Butadiene nur mit einem kleinen Anteil (14 und 16). [2 + 2]- und [4 + 2]-Cycloadditionen zeigen eine unterschiedliche Chemoselektivität. Während erstere die Enolether-Doppelbindung von 3 nutzen, finden letztere an der vom Sauerstoffatom entfernteren Doppelbindung statt. Das als 1:1-Gemisch aus exo- und endo-Isomeren anfallende Produkt 5 lieferte beim Erhitzen auf 150°C ein 20:1:1-Gemisch aus exo- und endo-5 sowie dem Strukturisomeren 19. Thermolyse des 2:1-Gemisches aus 13 und 14 erbrachte ein 2:1-Gemisch aus 14 und dem Tetrahydro-1-benzopyran 20.
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  • 261
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: AM1 ; Conformational analysis ; Hexahydrotetrazine ; Tetrahydrodioxadiazine ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Experimenteller Test der Strukturvorhersagen semiempirischer Methoden: Bis(1,2-dioxa-4,6-diazacycloheptano) [4′,5′,6′: 1,6,5]-[4″,5″,6″: 2,3,4]-1,2,4,5-tetraazacyclohexan; Ein 7:6:7-tricyclisches System, das von der AM1-Methode korrekt als stabiler als sein 6:6:6-tricyclisches Isomer beschrieben wirdDas aus Hydrazinsulfat, Formaldehyd und Wasserstoffperoxid entstehende tricyclische Kondensationsprodukt 3a, dessen 7:6:7-Struktur bereits früher durch Röntgenstrukturanalyse bestimmt wurde, liegt laut NMR-spektroskopischen Untersuchungen in Lösung als Konformerengemisch aus 3a und 3b vor. Aus AM1- Rechnungen ergibt sich, daß die beiden 7:6:7-Strukturen 3a und 3b nahezu energiegleich und stabiler sind als die 6:6:6-Isomeren 2a, 2b und 2c. MNDO sagt die umgekehrte Stabilität voraus [ΔHf(2) 〈 ΔHf(3)]. Durch AM1-Berechnungen von Modellverbindungen, die in den tricyclischen Systemen als Untereinheiten enthalten sind, wird gezeigt, daß für die relativen Energieunterschiede drei wesentliche Einflüsse verantwortlich sind: a) Die 1,3-Wechselwirkung nichtbindender Elektronenpaare in den 6:6:6-Systemen,b) die Ringspannung der zentralen Tetraazacyclohexan-Einheit der 7:6:7-Systeme und c) die günstigen sterischen Voraussetzungen zur konformativen Stabilisierung des 7:6:7-Systems durch den anomeren Effekt.
    Notes: The condensation product 3a of hydrazine sulfate, formaldehyde, and hydrogen peroxide, for which the tricyclic 7:6:7-ring structure 3a was previously established for the solid state by X-ray analysis, exists as a mixture of conformations 3a and 3b in solution. AM1 calculations show the two 7:6:7-tricyclic conformers 3a and 3b to be of approximately equal energy, and substantially lower in energy than the three isomeric 6:6:6-perhydroheteroanthracene conformers 2a, 2b and 2c. By contrast, analogous MNDO calculations predicted that the perhydroanthracene analog conformers 2, should be more stable than 3 [ΔHf(2) 〈 ΔHf(3)]. AM1 calculations of model compounds, containing various subunits of the tricyclic systems, demonstrate that three significant factors are responsible for the relative energies: a) The 1,3-lone pair repulsions in the 6:6:7 system. b) The ring strain of the central tetra-aza unit in the 7:6:7 system. c) The advantageous energetic consequences of the anomeric effect in the stable conformation of the 7:6:7 system.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 262
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 2011-2016 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Ketene N,O-acetals, heterocyclic ; 5H-Oxazolo[2,3-a]pyridine derivatives ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthese von heterocyclischen Keten-N,O acetalen Und ihre Reaktionen mit α,β-ungesättigten EsternKetendithioacetale 2 reagieren mit 2-Aminoethanol oder 1-Amino-2-propanol zu den entsprechenden substitutierten 2-Methylenoxazolidinen 3 und 4. Diese ergeben in einigen Fällen mit α,β-ungesättigten Estern 5H-Oxazolo[3,2-a]pyridin-Derivate über eine Additions- und Cyclokondensations-Sequenz.
    Notes: Ketene dithioacetals 2 react with 2-aminoethanol or 1-amino-2-propanol to afford the corresponding substituted 2-methyleneoxazolidines 3 and 4. In some cases, 3 and 4 react with α,β-unsaturated esters to give 5H-oxazolo[3,2-a]pyridine derivatives 5 by an electrophilic addition and cyclocondensation sequence.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 263
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 2019-2020 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: (±)-Allosedamine ; 1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition ; Five-membered ring opening ; Isoxazolidinium salts ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A simple stereospecific route to the (±)-allosedamine alkaloid has been accomplished by ring opening of the isoxazolidinium salt 2 with lithium iodide.
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  • 264
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Doak phosphonylation ; Phase-transfer catalysts ; Phosphonic acid, derivatives ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Preparation of Unsubstituted and Chlorine-Carrying [(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]phosphonic Acids by a Modified Doak-Freedman ProcedureThe performance of cuprous chloride and different phase-transfer catalysts using the Doak-Freedman procedure for preparing aromatic phosphonic acids have been compared by measurements of the evolved nitrogen volume in an eudiometer tube. In the investigated cases CuCl could well be exchanged by phase-transfer catalysts. With the new method the already known [3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]phosphonic acid, and the new [2-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]phosphonic acid, [4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]phosphonic acid, as well as [2,4-dichloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]phosphonic acid were prepared. The good solubility of the phase-transfer catalysts in water facilitates the separation of the catalysts from the reaction product, a property not observed for the copper compound. Other phosphonic acids may be prepared as well.
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  • 265
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: CH Acidity ; Rhenium complexes ; Allylidene ; Butatriene ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: α-CH Acidity of Allylidene Complexes: Organorhenium Derivatives of 1,2,3-Butatriene by Dehydrochlorination of Rhena(V) Allylidenes. Synthesis and StructureThe rhena(V) allylidene complex (η5-C5Me5)ReCl2 [η1:η3-(CH3)-CC(Cl)CH2] (2) is quantitatively converted into the novel organorhenium 1,2,3-butatriene derivative (η5-C5Me5)ReCl2[η3-H2CC(C5H5N)CCH2] (3) by lithium hydroxide in the presence of excess pyridine. This result shows so far not investigated CH acidity of methyl groups, that are substituting π-bonded allylidene frameworks at the α-position. According to an X-ray structure analysis, the coordination geometry of the 1,2,3-butatriene ligand is very similar to related allyl complexes of the (η5-C5Me5)ReCl2 fragment.
    Notes: Der Rhena(V)-allyliden-Komplex (η5-C5Me5)ReCl2 [η1:η3-(CH3)-CC(Cl)CH2] (2) wird durch Lithiumhydroxid in Gegenwart von überschüssigem Pyridin quantitativ zu dem neuartigen rhenium-organischen 1,2,3-Butatrien-Derivat (η5-C5Me5)ReCl2[η3-H2CC(C5H5N)CCH2] (3) dehydrohalogeniert. Dieses Ergebnis weist auf die bisher nicht beachtete CH-Acidität von Methylgruppen hin, die ein π-gebundenes Allyliden-Gerüst α-ständig substituieren. Einer Röntgenstrukturanalyse zufolge ist der von 1,2,3-Butatrien abgeleitete Ligand allylartig an das (η5-C5Me5)ReCl2-Fragment gebunden.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 266
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 2055-2073 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Transition metal η4-organoboranes ; endo/exo-η4-Complexation ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: (Ligand)Transition metal π-Complexes of Organosubstituted 2,5-Dihydro-1,2,5-azasilaboroles - Preparation and Characterization in SolutionThe heterocycles 4, 5, 7, and 5a, η6-Cr(CO)3 react thermally or photochemically with suitable organometallic compounds to form the η4-complexes (OC)4M-4a (M = Cr, Mo), (OC)3Fe-4f, j, the exo/endo compounds (OC)3Fe-4c, -7c, d, CpCo-4h, j, CpCo-5a-η6-Cr(CO)3, endo/exo-CpCo-7c, exo-CpCo-7d, (OC)3Ru-4a, (acac)Rh-4a, [ClRh-4a]2 and (C2H4)ClIr-4a. The cyclodiastereotopic heterocycles 4c, 7c, and 7d are complexed diastereoselectively at the ligand transition metal fragments [(C2H4)Rh-η1η4-3a]2 is obtained from (Na-3a) and [(C2H4)2RhCl]2. Reaction of the vinyl compounds 4b and 5b leads to η4-complexation at the endo-C = C—B = N- and/or the exo-C = C—C = C-grouping. All π-complexes are characterized by mass spectrometry and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy (1H, 11B, 13C, 14,15N, 17O, 29Si, 59Co, 103Rh). Their bondings are discussed on the basis of their NMR data.
    Notes: Aus den Heterocyclen 4, 5 und 7 sowie 5a, η6-Cr(CO)3 werden durch thermische oder photochemische Umsetzung mit geeigneten Organometall-Verbindungen folgende η4-Komplexe erhalten: (OC)4M-4a (M = Cr, Mo), (OC)3Fe-4f, j, die exo/endo-Komplexe (OC)3Fe-4c, -7c, d, CpCo-4h, j, CpCo-5a-η6-Cr(CO)3, endo/exo-CpCo-7c, exo-CpCo-7d, (OC)3Ru-4a, (acac)Rh-4a, [ClRh-4a]2 und (C2H4)ClIr-4a. Die cyclodiastereotopen Heterocyclen 4c, 7c und 7d komplexieren am Ligand-Übergangsmetall diastereoselektiv. Aus (Na-3a) und [(C2H4)2RhCl]2 erhält man [(C2H4)Rh-η1η4-3a]2. Die Vinyl-Verbindungen 4b und 5b führen zu η4-Komplexen unter Anbindung der Metall-Atome an die endo-C = C—B = N- und/oder exo-C = C—C = C-Gruppierung. Sämtliche π-Komplexe sind massenspektrometrisch und mittels Multikern-NMR-Spektroskopie (1H, 11B, 13C, 14,15N, 17O, 29Si, 59Co, 103Rh) charakterisiert. Ihre Bindungsverhältnisse werden aufgrund der NMR-Daten diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 8 Tab.
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  • 267
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Dinitrogen complexes ; Carbon dioxide complexes ; Molybdenum complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Oligophosphine Ligands, XXX.  -  Mono- and Bis(dinitrogen)- molybdenum(O) Complexes Containing the Tridentate Chelate Phosphine Mep(CH2CH2CH2PMe2)2: Syntheses, Structures, and Reactions with Carbon DioxideThe reduction of mer-MoCl3 [MeP(CH2CH2CH2PMe2)2] · 0.75 THF with highly dispersed sodium in the presence of one equivalent of PMe3, in THF under N2, yields the bis(dinitrogen) complex Mo(N2)2[MeP(CH2CH2CH2PMe2)2](PMe3) (1) as a mixture of cis and trans isomers. Reaction of 1 with PMe3 affords the mono(dinitrogen) derivative Mo(N2)[MeP(CH2CH2CH2PMe2)2](PMe3)2 (2) which is also formed from mer-MoCl3[MeP(CH2CH2CH2PMe2)2] · 0.75 THF, Na, N2, and excess PMe3. 1 and 2 react with CO2 to give Mo(CO3)(CO)[MeP(CH2CH2CH2PMe2)2](PMe3) (3) which in vacuo (but not in solution) forms Mo(CO3)(CO)[MeP(CH2CH2CH2PMe2)2] (4) by loss of PMe3. The mer,cis isomer of 2 has been characterized by an X-ray structure analysis.
    Notes: Die Reduktion von mer-MoCl3[MeP(CH2CH2CH2PMe2)2] · 0.75 THF mit fein verteiltem Natrium in Gegenwart eines Äquivalents PMe3 in THF unter N2 ergibt den Bis(distickstoff)-Komplex Mo(N2)2[MeP(CH2CH2CH2PMe2)2](PMe3) (1) als Gemisch von cis- und trans-Isomeren. Die Umsetzung von 1 mit PMe3 liefert das Mono(distickstoff)-Derivat Mo(N2)[MeP(CH2CH2CH2PMe2)2](PMe3)2 (2), das auch aus mer-MoCl3 [MeP(CH2CH2CH2PMe2)2] · 0.75 THF, Na, N2 und überschüssigem PMe3 entsteht. 1 und 2 reagieren mit CO2 zu Mo(CO3)(CO)[MeP(CH2CH2CH2PMe2)2](PMe3), (3), das im Vakuum, nicht aber in Lösung, PMe3 unter Bildung von Mo(CO3)(CO)[MeP(CH2CH2CH2PMe2)2] (4) verliert. Für das mer,cis-Isomer von 2 liegt eine Röntgenstrukturanalyse vor.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 268
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 2121-2124 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Phosphorus double bond ; Hexaphosphabenzene ; Pentaphosphacyclopentadienyl anion ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The P = P Double Bond and the Phospharromatic Compounds P5 and P6. Ab initio calculations of Struectures and StabilitiesIn its double bond properties phosphorus exhibits a closer relationship to carbon than the homologous silicon. The phospharomatic P6 differs from benzene mainly in the σ framework properties, whereas both species show similar π electron effects. P5- is, in every respect, the phosphaaromatic prototype.
    Notes: Phosphor zeigt in den Eigenschaften seiner Doppelbindung eine engere Verwandtschaft mit Kohlenstoff als das dazu homologe Silicium. Das phosphoraromatische P6 unterscheidet sich von Benzol weniger in den π-Elektroneneffekten als im σ-Gerüst, während sich P5- in jeder Hinsicht als der phosphoraromatische Prototyp erweist.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 269
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 2115-2119 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: CVD feedstock gases ; Poly(bromosilyl)methanes ; Poly(phenylsilyl)methanes ; Poly(silyl)methanes ; Silanes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Ein Syntheseweg zu Poly(phenylsilyl)methane und Poly(bromsilyl)methaneFür Di- und Tri(silyl)methan, aus denen durch Dampfphasenzersetzung (CVD) Kohlenstoff-haltiges amorphes Silicium (a-SiC:H) erhalten werden kann, wird eine ergiebige dreistufige Synthese beschrieben: Chlor(phenyl)silan und Di- oder Trihalogenmethane reagieren in guten Ausbeuten mit Magnesium in Tetrahydrofuran zu Bis- bzw. Tris(phenylsilyl)methan. Durch Behandlung mit wasserfreiem Bromwasserstoff können daraus fast quantitativ die Zwischenprodukte Bis- bzw. Tris(bromsilyl)methan erhalten werden, deren Hydrierung mit Lithiumaluminiumhydrid im Zweiphasensystem mit Phasentransferkatalysator die Zielverbindungen CH2(SiH3)2 bzw. CH(SiH3)3 ergibt. Wie diese Verbindungen wurden auch CH2(SiH2Ph)2, CH(SiH2Ph)3, CH2(SiH2Br)2, und CH(SiH2Br)3, durch spektroskopische Standardmethoden charakterisiert. Die Kristall- und Molekülstruktur von CH(SiH2Ph)3 wurde durch Einkristallröntgenbeugung ermittelt. Die für das Molekül gefundene kristallographische C3-Symmetrie wird unter Bezugnahme auf die Struktur anderer Spezies diskutiert, in denen drei Substituenten mit potentieller Cs-Symmetrie an ein tetraedrisches Zentrum gebunden sind.
    Notes: A three-step synthesis is presented for di- and tri(silyl)methane, two feedstock gases for the chemical vapour deposition of amorphous hydrogenated silicon/carbon alloys (a-SiC:H). Chloro(phenyl)silane and di- or trihalomethanes react with magnesium in tetrahydrofuran to give high yields of bis- and tris(phenylsilyl)methane, respectively. The two products can be converted into bis- and tris(bromosilyl)methane by treatment with anhydrous hydrogen bromide. Bromide/hydride substitution in these precursors is accomplished with lithium aluminum hydride in a two-phase system using a phase-transfer catalyst. The compounds CH2(SiH2Ph)2, CH(SiH2Ph)3, CH2(SiH2Br)2, CH(SiH2Br)3, CH2(SiH3)2, and CH(SiH3)3 have been characterized by standard spectroscopic methods, and the crystal and molecular structure of CH(SiH2Ph)3 has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The molecule adopts a conformation with crystallographic C3 symmetry. This result is discussed with regard to the structure of related molecules with three substituents of potential Cs symmetry at a tetrahedral center.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 270
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Umpolung ; α,β-Unsaturated aldehydes ; Acyloins ; Nucleophilic acylation ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Trimethylsilyl Cyanide - A Reagent for Umpolung, XVII.  -  Diastereoselectivity in Nucleophilic Acylations of α-Chiral Carbonyl Compounds with α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes after UmpolungAnions 3A obtained from α,β-unsaturated aldehydes 2 after umpolung with trimethylsilyl cyanide (2a) add in ca. 45-75% yield to the α-chiral aldehydes and ketones 4. In THF, 2:1 products 5 are formed, whereas in ether 1:1 adducts 8 are obtained. Formation of 8 proceeds with high chiral 1,2-induction, if 4 carries α-phenyl groups (syn/anti-8 86:14 to 96:4) whereas with α-ethylgroups in 4 only minor stereoselection is observed (syn/anti-8 ca. 56:44).
    Notes: Die anionen 3A der mit Trimethylsilycyanid (2a) umgepolten α,β-ungesättigten Aldehyde 1 addieren sich mit ca. 45-75% Ausbeute an die chiralen Aldehyde und Ketone 4 in THF zu den 2:1-Addukten 5, in Ether zu den 1:1-Addukten 8. Hohe chirale 1,2-Induktion bei der Bildung von 8 wird durch α-Phenylgruppen in 4 bewirkt (syn/anti-8 86:14 bis 96:4), während α-Ethylgruppen in 4 nur geringe Stereoselektion bewirken (syn/anti-8 ≍ 56:44).
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 271
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 2159-2164 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Anodic oxidation ; Dipeptide, methoxylation, oxidation ; Regioselective electrooxidation ; Electrochemistry ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Regioselektive anodische Oxidation von N-Acyl-, N-Alkoxycarbonyl- und N-(2-Nitrophenylsulfenyl)-DispeptidesternDie durch Chlorid katalysierte anodische Methoxylierung geschützter Dipeptidester zeigt hohe Regioselektivität. Diese wird sowohl durch die N-Schutzgruppen als auch durch die Aminosäure-Seitenketten beeinflußt. Die anodische Methoxylierung läßt sich effektiv in Richtung auf die selektive Oxidation der C-terminalen Aminosäure steuern. Die regioselektive Oxidation der N-terminalen Aminosäuren gelingt, wenn man von N-(2-Nitrophenylsulfenyl)-geschützten Dipeptidestern ausgeht. Man erhält auf diese Weise die entsprechenden Sulfenimino-Verbindungen.
    Notes: The chloride-mediated anodic methoxylation of protected dipeptide esters shows high regioselectivity. It is influenced by the N-protecting groups and the amino acid side-chains. The anodic methoxylation may be effectively directed to the selective oxidation of the C-terminal amino acid. Regioselective oxidation of the N-terminal amino acid is obtained by direct electrolysis of N-(2-nitrophenylsulfenyl)-protected dipeptides with formation of the sulfenimino dipeptides.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 272
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 2165-2175 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: γ-Lactones, di- and tetrasubstituted ; Chelates, seven-membered ; Allylsilane additions, Lewis acid promoted ; Felkin-Anh model ; Aldehydes, chiral ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Ein chelatkontolliere Weg zu di-und tetasubstituierten γ-Lactonen - Stereoselektivität von Lewis-Säre-indzierten Additionen an chirale β-Formylcarbonsäure-methylesterDie chiralen β-Formylcarbonsäure-methylester 1a-1h liefern mit Allyltrimethylsilan/TiCl4 disubstituierte und tetrasubstituierte γ-Lactone 3a-3h mit mäßigen bis exzellenten Diastereoselektivitäten. Andere Lewis-Säuren sind weniger selektiv. Die Bildung von siebengliedrigen Chelaten 1 · TiCl4 wurde in einigen Fällen NMR-spektroskopisch eindeutig nachgewiesen. Trichlormethyltitan zeigt ein ähnliches Selektivitätsmuster wie die Reagentienkombination Allylsilan/TiCl4. Die Aldehyde 1a-1d, 1g und 1h werden hauptsächlich in trans-γ-Lactone umgewandelt, während 1f unter geeigneten Bedingungen im Überschuß das cis-γ-Lacton 3f liefert. Diese Ergebnisse werden unter Berücksichtigung des Felkin-Anh-Modells und der Chelatbildung diskutiert. Außerdem werden weitere Modellreaktionen mit den einfacheren chiralen Aldehyden 5 und 7 sowie mit den Acetalen 9a/b und 11a/b vorgestellt. Diese unterstreichen die Bedeutung der Chelatkontrolle bei den Additionen an die β-Formylester 1.
    Notes: On reaction with allyltrimethylsilane/TiCl4, chiral methyl β-for-mylcarboxylates 1a-1h provide disubstituted and tetrasubstituted γ-lactones 3a-3h with moderate to excellent diastereoselectivities. Other Lewis acids are less selective. The formation of seven-membered ring chelates 1 · TiCl4 has been proven unambiguously by NMR spectroscopy in several cases. Trichloromethyltitanium displays a selectivity pattern similar to the reagen combination allylsilane/TiCl4. Aldehydes 1a-1d, 1g, and 1h give primarily trans-γ-lactones, whereas under appropriate conditions 1f affords an excess of cis-γ-lactone 3f. These results are discussed with regard to the Felkin-Anh model and to chelate formation. Model studies with simpler chiral aldehydes 5 and 7 as well as with acetals 9a/b and 11a/b are presented and discussed. They emphasize the importance of chelate control in additions to β-formyl esters 1.
    Additional Material: 9 Tab.
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  • 273
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Diastereoselectivity ; Hetero Diels-Alder reactions ; Enamino ketones ; High-pressure kinetics ; Pyrans, dihydro- ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Diastereoselektivität und Kinetik intermolekularer Hetero-Diels-Alder-Reaktionen unter hohem Druck. Eine Signifikante Druckinduzierte Erhöhung der StereoselektivitätDie Hetero-Diels-Alder-Reaktion der Enaminoketone 5a-d mit Ethylvinylether (2) in Dichlormethan- und Heptan/Isodurol-Lösung zu den Dihydropyranen 6a-d and 7a-d unter hohem Druck bis 7 kbar und 0.5 bis 130°C wird beschrieben. Die Kinetik wurde hierbei durch quantitative FT-IR-Spektroskopie bestimmt. Die Cycloaddition zeigt eine erhebliche druckabhängige Erhöhung der Diastereoselektivität zugunsten der cis-Diastereomeren 6a-c mit dem größten Effekt für die Reaktion von 5a und dem geringsten für 5c. Die druckgemittelten Brutto-Aktivierungsvolumina ΔV≠ liegen zwischen -(23.4±1.0) und -(24.2±1.0) cm3/mol, die ΔΔV≠-Werte für 5a, 5b und 5c wurden zu -(5.9±0.5), -(3.9±0.1) bzw. -(2.4±0.2) cm3/mol und die ΔΔH≠-Werte zu -(8.1±1.7), -(8.7±2.7) bzw. -(10.0±0.9) kJ/mol bestimmt. Auf Grund der günstigen ΔΔH≠- und ΔΔV≠- Werte konnte bei der Reaktion von 5a mit 2 zu 6a/7a eine Erhöhung der Selektivität von 1.67:1.00 bei 90°C und Normaldruck auf 13.6:1.0 bei 0.5°C und 6 kbar erreicht werden. Dieses Beispiel zeigt, daß eine signifikante und synthetisch wertvolle Erhöhung der Diastereoselektivität chemischer Reaktionen durch Anwendung von hohem Druck möglich ist.
    Notes: The Hetero Diels-Alder reaction of the enamino ketones 5a-d and ethyl vinyl ether (2) to give the dihydropyrans 6a-d and 7a-d is studied in dichloromethane and in heptane/isodurene under high pressure up to 7 kbar at temperatures between 0.5 and 130°C. The kinetics is measured by on-line FT-IR spectroscopy. The cycloaddition shows a remarkable pressure-dependent increase of diastereoselectivity in favour of the cis adducts 6a-c with the largest effect found for the reaction of 5a and the smallest for 5c. The pressure-averaged overall activation volumes ΔV≠ in dichloromethane are determined to be between -(23.4± 1.0) and -(24.2±1.0) cm3/mol. The ΔΔV≠ values for the cycloaddition of 5a, 5b, and 5c are -(5.9±0.5), -(3.9±0.1), and -(2.4±0.2) cm3/mol, respectively, and the ΔΔH≠ values are -(8.1±1.7), -(8.7±2.7), and -(10.0±0.9 kJ/mol, respectively. Because of the favourable ΔΔV≠ and ΔΔH≠, the selectivity of the reaction of 5a to give 6a/7a can be increased from 1.67: 1.00 at 90°C and 1 bar to 13.6:1.0 at 0.5°C and 6 kbar. This example shows that a significant and synthetic useful increase of diastereoselectivity in chemical reactions is possible by applying high pressure.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 274
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Paternò-Büchi reaction ; Photochemistry ; Chiral induction ; Glyoxylic acid (+)-menthyl ester ; Electronical effects ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Chiral Induction in Photochemical reactions, XI. - Substituted (+)-Menthyl Glyoxylates in the Paternò-Büchi Reaction. The Influence of Electronical and Structural Effects on DiastereoselectivityThe electronic effect of the α-substituent of (+)-menthyl glyoxylates exerts considerable influence on the diastereoselectivity of the Paternò-Büchi reaction with furan. The diastereomeric excesses correlate with well-known substituent constants of ®.
    Notes: Der elektronsiche Einfluß des in α-Position zur Carbonylfunktion befindlichen Substituenten an (+)-Menthyl-glyoxylaten ist für die Diastereoselektion in der Paternò-Büchi-Reaktion mit Furan von erheblicher Bedeutung. Die erzielbaren Diastereomerenüberschüsse sind mit den bekannten Substituentenkonstanten für ® korrelierbar.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 275
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 1199-1201 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Dibromonitrobenzenes ; Bromine-lithium exchange ; Formylation, regioselective ; Indigo, 6,6′-dibromo- ; Tyrian purple ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Regioselective Bromine/Lithium Exchange in 2,5-Dibromo-1-nitrobenzene. - A Simple Synthesis of 4-Bromo-2-nitrobenzaldehyde and 6,6′-DibromoindigoThe reaction of phenyllithium with 2,5-dibromo-1-nitrobenzene (1) in tetrahydrofuran at -105°C leads to the lithium derivative 2 with high regioselectivity. By reaction with dimethylformamide 2 is converted into 4-bromo-2-nitrobenzaldehyde (3) in 92% yield. The isomeric aldehyde 4 is not formed. With the same reaction sequence 2,4-dibromo-1-nitrobenzene (5) can be transformed into 5-bromo-2-nitrobenzaldehyde (6). From aldehyde 3 and nitromethane Tyrian purple (7) is easily accessible.
    Notes: Die Reaktion von Phenyllithium mit 2,5-Dibrom-1-nitrobenzol (1) in Tetrahydrofuran bei -105°C ergibt mit ausgezeichneter Regioselektivität die Lithium-Verbindung 2, die durch Umsetzung mit Dimethylformamid mit 92proz. Ausbeute den 4-Brom-2-nitrobenzaldehyd (3) liefert. Der isomere Aldehyd 4 wird nicht gebildet. In analoger Weise läßt sich auch der 5-Brom-2-nitrobenzaldehyd (6) aus 2,4-Dibrom-1-nitrobenzol (5) erhalten. Aus dem Aldehyd 3 und Nitromethan kann auf einfache Weise der Antike Purpur (7) synthetisiert werden.
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  • 276
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: AM1 calculations ; Chloralide ; Dioxolane ; Force-field calculations ; Tartaric acid ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Isolation of a third diastereoisomer (1c) of (R,R)-tartaric acid chloralide is described. A comparison of structural data derived by X-ray analysis with calculated parameters is given. Structures are generated by the ALCHEMY force-field program as well as by AM1 calculations.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 277
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 1207-1210 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Circular dichroism, dependence on concentration ; Exciton interaction ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Sugar derivatives of diaminoacridine stack in aqueous solution like the parent compound. This is shown by CD measurements which give concentration-depending CD couplets. An extraordinarily strong CD couplet is obtained around 255 nm when two units of hydroxyacridine (base changed for solubility reasons) are connected by a 6-membered chain.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 278
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 1215-1217 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Bromine-lithium exchange ; C2-symmetric ketones ; Ozonolysis ; Vinyllithium reagents, chiral ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Starting with carbinol 3 [easily accessible from ethyl (S)-lactate], the synthesis of enantiomerically pure, C2-symmetric ketone 8 is achieved; the key step involves the diastereoselective addition of dilithium compound 4 to benzaldehyde.
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  • 279
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: 1,1′-Diazaferrocene coordination ; Silver complex ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Heterocycles as Ligands, VI1. - The Bridging Coordination of a 1,1′-Diazaferrocene in a Dinuclear Silver Complex - an Uncommon Structure[Ag2(μ-pyr2*Fe)2](BF4)2 · 2 MeOH (4, pyr* = C4Me4N) is obtained by reaction of pyr2*Fe · 2 Hpyr* (3) with AgBF4 in MeOH. The X-ray structure of 4 shows the bridging coordination mode of the diazaferrocene ligands with a nearly linear geometry at the silver atoms.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 280
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Conformation analysis ; McMurry reaction ; [3.2]Paracyclophane-10-ene ; Reductive coupling ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: [3.2] Paracyclophan-10-end und [3.2.3.2]Paracyclophan-10,27 -diene: Eine einfache Synthese mit Hilfe der McMurray-Reaktion und dynamische StereochemieDie 1,3-Bis(4-acylphenyl)propane 2, 3, 9, 12 und 15 wurden einer Cyclisierung durch reduktive Kupplung mit niedervalentem Titan (McMurry-Reaktion) unterworfen. 2 und 3 werden unter sorgfältig kontrollierten Bedingungen mit guten Ausbeuten in die 10,11-Dialkyl[3.2]paracyclophan-10-ene 4 und 5 umgewandelt. Die bei den Dialdehyde 12 und 15 liefern nach der gleichen Methode ebenfalls [3.2]Paracyclophan-10-en 13 bzw. [3.2]Metacyclophan-10-en 16. Das Ditoluoyl-Derivat 9 bildet dagegen durch eine Dimerisierung nur das makrocyclische Cyclophan 10. Die entsprechenden makrocyclischen Cyclophane 6 und 7 lassen sich auch aus 2 und 3 erhalten. Die konformative Beweglichkeit der Cyclophane 4, 5 und 13 wurde mit Hilfe von 1H-NMR bei verschiedenen Temperaturen untersucht und ΔG≠ = 48-51 kJ/mol für das Durchschwingen der Propano-Brücke bestimmt.
    Notes: The 1,3-bis(4-acylphenyl)propanes 2, 3, 9, 12, and 15 were subjected to a cyclization by reductive coupling with low-valent titanium (McMurry reaction). 2 and 3 are converted into the corresponding 10,11-dialkyl[3.2]paracyclophane-10-enes 4 and 5, respectively, under carefully controlled conditions in good yields. By the same method the dialdehydes 12 and 15 give rise to [3.2]paracyclophane-10-ene 13 and [3.2]metacyclophane-10-ene 16. However, the ditoluoyl derivative 9 gives rise only to the macrocyclic cyclophane 10 by dimerization. The corresponding macrocyclic cyclophanes 6 and 7 were also obtained from 2 and 3, respectively. The conformational mobility of the cyclophanes 4,5, and 13 was studied by variable-temperature 1H-NMR, and ΔG≠ = 48-51 KJ/mol was determined for the wobbling motion of the propano bridges.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 281
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 2303-2309 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Benzyllithium ; Pyramidal carbon atom ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: η1-C6H5CH2Li · THF · TMEDA, Complex with a Pyramidal Benzylic C AtomIn addition to the X-ray structure determination of C6H5CH2Li · N(CH2CH2)3N]∞ by Patterman, Karle, and Stucky37 and that of [C6H5CH2Li ·OEt2]∞; by Beno, Hope, Olmstead, and Power42 we present yet another benzyllithium structure: η1-C6H5CH2Li · THF · TMEDA (1). In contrast to the earlier ones, a monomer is observed in the case of 1. Furthermore, in 1 lithium is only coordinated to the benzylic carbon atom whose pyramidal configuration has been determined for the first time. The molecular-weight determination of C6H5CH2Li in THF giving a monomer61, and NMR investigations in THF indicating a pyramidal benzylic C atom in 1 (and C6H5CH2Li53,54) correspond to the solid-state structure of 1. The different coordinations of lithium observed in the three solid-state structures and the pyramidal configuration of the benzylic C atom in 1 are in agreement with theoretical studies (also of other authors45-50). The pyramidal configuration of the benzylic C atom of 1 suggests that a similar stereochemical situation contributes to the high retention observed recently in Haller-Bauer cleavage reactions of optically active benzylic ketones62e-g.
    Notes: Nach der Röntgenstrukturanalyse von [C6H5CH2Li · N(CH2CH2)3N]∞ durch Patterman, Karle und Stucky37 sowie der von [C6H5CH2Li·OEt2]∞; durch Beno, Hope, Olmstead und Power42 präsentieren wir eine weitere Benzyllithium-Strukturuntersuchung, nämlich die von η1-C6H5CH2Li · THF · TMEDA (1). Im Gegensatz zu den früheren liegt bei 1 eine monomere Benzyllithium-Verbindung vor. Außerdem ist Lithium lediglich an das benzylische C-Atom koordiniert, dessen pyramidale Konfiguration erstmals ermittelt werden Konnte. Die Molekulargewichtsbestimmung von C6H5CH2Li in THF, die ein Monomer ergab 61, und Kernresonanzuntersuchungen in THF, die auf ein pyramidales, benzylisches C-Atom bei 1 (und C6H5CH2Li53,54) hinweisen, entsprechen der Festkörperstruktur von 1. Die in den drei Festkörperstrukturen beobachteten verschiedenen Koordinationen des Lithium-Kations an das Benzyl-Anion sind wie die pyramidale Konfiguration des benzylischen C-Atoms in 1 mit quantenmechanischen Rechnungen (auch anderer Autoren45-50) in Einklang. Die pyramidale Konfiguration des benzylischen C-Atoms in 1 läßt vermuten, daß ähnliche stereochemische Verhältnisse zur hohen Retention beitragen, die bei der Haller-Bauer-Spaltung optisch aktiver Benzylphenylketone beobachtet wird62e-g.
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  • 282
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: ortho-Quinones ; tert-Butyl hydroperoxide ; Phenols, oxygenation ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Eine neue ortho-Chinon-Synthese durch Oxygenierung von Phenolen mit den Systemen tert-Butylhydroperoxid/Übergangsmetall-Komplex und dem Mimounschen Oxodiperoxo-Molydbän-Komplex [Mo(O2)2O] · py · HMPTPhenole können mit einer Kombination der Übergangsmetall-Komplexe Ti(OiPr)4, VO(acac)2, Zr(acac)4, Zr(OnPr)4 und tert-Butylhydroperoxid oder mit [Mo(O2)2O] · Py · HMPT spezifisch zu ortho-Chinonen oxygeniert werden. Naphthole, Anthracenole, Phenanthrole und Donor-substituierte einkernige Phenole werden glatt in die entsprechenden 1,2-Chinone übergeführt. Ungehinderte ortho-Napthochinone können unter Michael-Addition mit nicht umgesetztem Ausgangsmaterial zu Biarylen abreagieren.
    Notes: A specific oxygenation of phenols to ortho-quinones can be effected by a combination of the transition metal complexes Ti(OiPr)4, VO(acac)2, Zr(acac)4, Zr(OnPr)4 and tert-butylhydroperoxide (TBHP) or [Mo(O2)2O] · Py · HMPT. Naphthols, anthracenols, phenanthrols and donor substituted mononuclear phenols are readily converted into the corresponding 1,2-quinones. Unhindered ortho-naphthoquinones can yield binaphthyls with unreacted starting material by Michael addition.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 2351-2359 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chromophores, combined ; Ethene, diphenyl- ; Ethyne, diphenyl- ; Phenylmethylium ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Phenylvinylogously Extended Triphenylmethylium SystemsAs isoconjugated models for (phenylazo)tritylium ions of type A the tritylium systems containing one to three styryl or phenylethynyl substituents have been investigated. In accordance with simple theoretical model considerations these ions have VIS absorptions at considerably longer wavelengths than tritylium ion itself. They also show the expected bathochromic band shifts in going from the singly branched (1, 4) to the doubly and triply branched systems 2, 3 and 5, 6 as well as the predicted bathochromic shifts for 4-methoxystyryl (1b-3b) and hypsochromic shifts for 4-(dimethylammoniostyryl)- and 4-(nitrostyryl)tritylium ions 1c-3c and 1d, respectively. For most of the newly prepared tritylium systems fully resolved NMR spectra were obtained, whose signal positions correlate very well with the charge distributions derived from the elementary conjugation model. For the 4,4′-(1,2-ethenediyl)bistritylium system 12, whose color resembles that of 4-styryltritylium ion 1a, only the resonance lines of the inner protons 3,β-H and carbons C-4,β show significant deviations from the corresponding signal positions of the reference systems 1a and tritylium (13).
    Notes: Als isokonjugierte Modelle für (Phenylazo)tritylium-Ionen des Typs A wurden die einfach bis dreifach Styryl- und Phenylethinyl-substituierten Trityliumsysteme 1-6 untersucht. Im Einklang mit einfachen theoretischen Modellbetrachtungen weisen diese Ionen wesentlich längerwellige VIS-Absorptionen als das Tritylium-Ion selbst auf und zeigen auch die erwarteten bathochromen Bandenverschiebungen von den einzweigigen (1, 4) zu den zwei- und dreizweigigen Systemen (2, 3 bzw. 5, 6) hin. Ebenso klar kommen auch die für die 4-Methoxystyryl- (1b-3b) und 4-(Dimethylammoniostyryl)tritylium-Ionen 1c-3c sowie das 4-(Nitrostyryl)tritylium-Ion 1d vorhergesagten bathochromen und hypsochromen VIS-Bandenverschiebungen zum Ausdruck. Von den meisten der neu hergestellten Trityliumsysteme konnten voll aufgelöste NMR-Spektren erhalten werden, deren Signallagen sehr gut mit den aus dem elementaren Konjugationsmodell folgenden Ladungsdichteverteilungen vereinbar sind. Beim farblich dem 4-Styryltritylium-Ion 1a entsprechenden 4,4′-(1,2-Ethendiyl)bistritylium-System 12 zeigen nur die Resonanzlinien der inneren Protonen 3,β-H und Kohlenstoffe C-4,β signifikante Abweichungen von den entsprechenden Signallagen der Referenzsysteme 1a und Tritylium (13).
    Additional Material: 7 Tab.
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  • 284
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 2391-2393 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Host-guest chemistry ; Macrobicyclic ligand ; Alkali metal complexation ; Complex formation ; Cesium selectivity ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A Large Macrobicyclic cavity for the Selective Complexation of Alkali Metal IonsThe preparation of the new ligand 3 was carried out starting with the podand 8 and the triamine 11. Ligand 3 forms complexes with alkali metal ions in solution (chloroform) as well as under the conditions of FAB mass spectrometry, whereby Cs⊕ selectivity is observed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 285
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 2395-2396 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Nitrone, oxidation of ; Vinylhydroxylamine, oxidation of ; Vinyl nitroxide, dimerization of ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Nitroxides (Aminyl Oxides), XLII.  -  The Isolation of the First OC-Bonded Dimer of a Vinyl NitroxideVinyl nitroxide 2, formed by oxidation of nitrone 1, with lead dioxide, affords the OC dimer 3. Oxidation of 1 proceeds rather slowly. A high oxidation potential is found for 1. However, if vinyl nitroxide 2 is generated from the vinylhydroxylamine 4, the aldehyde 7 is formed by a complex reaction sequence.
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  • 286
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 2399-2401 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: [4]Radialene derivative ; 1,2,3-Cycloheptatriene, dimerization ; Cyclobuta[1,2:3,4]dicycloheptatetraene ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Nickel(O)-Catalyzed Dimerization of 1,2,3-Cycloheptatriene: cyclobuta[1,2:3,4]dicyclopheptatetraene, a [4]Radialene DerivativeReaction of (7-bromotricyclo[4.1.0.02,7]hept-1-yl)trimethylsilane (4) with cesium fluoride in dimethylformamide at room temperature in the presence of (Ph3P)4Ni afforded a 32% yield of the [4]radialene derivative 3. The formation of 3 is interpreted as a Ni(0)-catalyzed dimerization of the elusive 1,2,3-cycloheptatriene (2), which is generated by thermal rearrangement of the highly strained tricyclo[4.1.0.02,7]hept-1(7)-ene (1). The X-ray structure of 3 shows an essentially planar [4]radialene subunit.
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 2411-2412 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Beam experiments ; Mass spectrometry, neutralization reionization ; Benzo-tri(1,2-dithiet) ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The as yet unknown benzo-tri(1,2-dithiet) 2 can be generated as a stable neutral molecule in beam experiments by subjecting C6S6-· to neutralization reionization mass spectrometry.
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  • 288
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 1255-1256 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Alkanetellurenyl halides ; Tris(trimethylsilyl)methanetellurenyl halides ; Methyl tris(trimethylsilyl)methyl telluride ; Phenyl tris(trimethylsilyl)methyl telluride ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Tris (trimethylsilyl)methanetellurenyl Halides (Me3Si)3 CTex (X = Cl, Br, I): Synthesis of Stable Alkanetellurenyl HalidesThe first stable and isolable alkanetellurenyl halides, tris(trimethylsilyl)methanetellurenyl chloride, bromide, and iodide (1a-c) are obtained quantitatively by halogenolysis of bis[tris-(trimethylsilyl)methyl] ditelluride with SO2Cl2, Br2, and I2, respectively. Their synthetic potential is examplified by transformation to methyl tris(trimethylsilyl)methyl telluride (2) and phenyl tris(trimethylsilyl)methyl telluride (3).
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 289
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 1259-1260 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Sterically demanding cyclopentadienyl ligand ; Iron(trimethyl phosphite) complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A direct synthesis of iron(trimethyl phosphite) half-sandwich complexes [η5-C5H2(SiMe3)3]Fe[P(OMe)3]2X starting from FeX2(X = Cl, Br, I) and Li[η5-C5H2(SiMe3)3] is described. Their reactivity toward tBuMgCl and CO has been studied.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 1329-1339 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Umpolung ; Diastereoselectivity ; Acyloins ; Substituent effects ; Nucleophilic acylation ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Trimethysily Cyanide - A Reagent for Umpolung, XVI1). - Effect of Umpolung Moieties on the Diastereoselectivity of the Nucleophilic Acylation of α-Chiral Carbonyl CompoundsUmpolung of benzaldehyde leads to derivatives 1a-h, which add to the aldehydes 2a and 2c as well as to the ketones 2b and 2d in high yields, if side reactions are excluded by proper choice of conditions. Determined with the acyloins 4 or their silyl ethers 5, the diastereoselectivity of this reactions depends only slightly on the groups used for umpolung (1e 〉 1c 〉 1d 〉 1a ≍ 1b ≍ 1g 〉 1h 〉 1f). Strong effects are observed for the substitutents at the center of chirality of the electrophiles 2. Whereas a syn/anti selectivity of ≍ 95:5 in products 4 and 5 is obtained by an α-phenyl group in 2, only a 52:48-71:29 ratio is produced by an α-ethyl group. In case of 4d the syn/anti ratio is raised from 63:37 to 80:20 by optimizing the conditions. The observed Cram selectivity is explained by the model of Anh.
    Notes: Die Derivate 1a-h (umgepolter Benzaldehyd) addieren sich an die Aldehyde 2a und 2c sowie an die Methylketone 2b und 2d in hohen Ausbeuten, wenn durch Wahl der Reaktions- und Aufarbeitungsbedingungen Nebenreaktionen ausgeschaltet werden. Die Diastereoselektivität der Reaktion, bestimmt an den Acyloinen 4 oder deren Silylethern 5, wird nur in geringem Ausmaß von den Umpolungsgruppen beeinflußt (1e 〉 1c 〉 1a ≍ 1b ≍ 1g 〉 1h 〉 1f). Entscheidend ist das Substitutionsmuster am Chiralitätszentrum des Elektrophils 2. Eine α-Phenylgruppe bewirkt hohe chirale Induktion (syn/anti-4 oder -5 ≍ 95:5). Bei einer α-Ethylgruppe liegt das syn/anti-Verhältnis bei 52:48 bis 71:29. Durch Optimierung der Bedingungen steigt die Diastereoselektivität für 4c von syn/anti 63:37 auf 80:20. Die beobachtete Cram-Selektivität ist mit dem Modell von Anh erklärbar.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 291
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 1341-1349 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Dicyanoacetates ; Ketone hemiacetal ; Solvent effects ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Structure of DicyanoacetatesThe 13C-NMR and FT-IR spectra of dicyanoacetic acid esters were measured in various solvents. Aprotic solvents (acetonitrile, chloroform) favour structure 1, whereas solvents with good hydrogen-bond-accepting ability (DMSO, water, methanol) favour the formation and dissociation of enols, as shown by comparison of the 13C-chemical shifts of the enols with those of the corresponding sodium or potassium salts. The X-ray analysis of the sodium salt of p-nitrophenyl dicyanoacetate establishes the partial double bond character of the C1—C2 bond which is the reason for the hindered rotation in salts and enols as proven by NMR spectroscopy.
    Notes: 13C-NMR- und FT-IR-Spektren von Dicyanesessigsäureestern in verschiedenen Lösungsmitteln zeigen, daß aprotische Lösungsmittel (Chloroform, Acetonitril) die Ester-Form 1, basische bzw. protische Lösungsmittel (DMSO, Methanol, Wasser) die Ketenhalbacetal-Form 2 begünstigen. Die 13C-chemischen Verschiebungen von Dicyanessigsäureestern und den davon abgeleiteten Natrium- und Kalium-Salzen sind in DMSO und Wasser praktisch identisch und lassen auf eine weitgehende Dissoziation der Ketenhalbacetale schließen. Eine Röntgenstrukturanalyse des p-Nitrophenylester-Natrium-Salzes bestätigt den partiellen Doppelbindungscharakter der C1—C2-Bindung, welcher der NMR-spektroskopisch nachweisbaren Rotationsbehinderung in den (dissoziierten) Enolen und Salzen zugrunde liegt.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 292
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: tert-Butyldifluorophosphine ; Hexakis(tert-butyldifluorophosphine)tungsten(0), synthesis and properties ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Contributions to the Coordination Chemistry of tert-Butyldifluorophosphine, 1. - Hexakis(tert-butyldifluorophosphine)tungsten(0) - Synthesis, Chemical Properties, Spectra, and Crystal StructureSynthesis, chemical properties, NMR and IR spectra of hexakis(tert-butyldifluorophosphane)tungsten(0) (4) are described. Its crystal structure was determined by X-ray diffraction. 4 is the first coordination compound with more than four bulky PtBuF2 ligands.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 293
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 1487-1488 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Carbene deprotonation ; η2-Thiocarbene complex ; Methylthiovinyl ligand ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Methylthiovinyl as a New Ligand - Deprotonation of Dicarbonyl(η5-cyclopentadienyl)[η2-methyl(methylthio)carbene]tungsten TetrafluoroborateTriethylamine deprotonates the C-methyl group in dicarbonyl-(η5-cyclopentadienyl)[η2-methylthio)carbene]tungsten tetrafluoroborate to provide the neutral methylthiovinyl complex of tungsten.
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  • 294
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Indeno[2,1-a]indene derivative, 4b,9b-disila- ; Rotation hindrance ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Silicon Compounds with Strong Intramolecular Steric Interactions, 36.  -  A Bicyclic Disilane from the Reaction of 1,2-Dichlorotetramesityldisilane with Lithium tert-ButylamideTreatment of 1,2-dichlorotetramesityldisilane (1) with lithium tert-butylamide gives the 4b,9b-disilaindeno[2,1-a]indene derivative 3 whose NMR spectra in solution show a hindered rotation about the Si—C(mesityl) bonds even at high temperatures. The X-ray structure analysis of 3 reveals a strong folding of the two halves of the bicyclic molecule and a considerably short Si—Si bond length of 230.7 pm.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 295
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Anionic metal complexes ; Chlorosilane elimination ; Phosphinidene complexes ; Silyl complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Transition-Metal Silyl Complexes, 32.  -  Anionic Silyl Complexes as Equivalents to Dianionic Metal Complexes in Synthesis: Reactions of [(MeCp)(CO)2Mn(SiR3)]⊖ with Main-Group 5 DihalidesThe versatility of anionic silyl complexes for preparative purposes is demonstrated by reactions with dihalides of phosphorus, arsenic, and antimony in their +III and +V oxidation states. Na[(MeCp)(CO)2Mn(SiMePh2)] (1) reacts with Ph3AsCl2 or Ph3SbBr2 to give (MeCp)(CO)2Mn(EPh3) (2a: E = Sb, 2b: E = As), while reaction with MesPCl2 (Mes = 2,4,6-Me3C6H2) affords the binuclear compound [(MeCp)(CO)2Mn]2PMes (3). Both reactions proceed by Ph2MeSiX elimination.
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  • 296
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 1489-1490 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Binuclear complexes ; Zirconium ; Group VI metals ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Heterometallic Binuclear Complexes, I.  -  Reactive Zr(IV)-M(0) Compounds (M = Cr, Mo, W) with Bridging Diphenylphosphinocyclopentadienide LigandsReaction of ZrCl2(C5H4PPh2)2 (1) with labile complexes M(CO)3L3 (M = Cr, L = acetonitrile, M = Mo, W, L3 = cycloheptatriene) gives the binuclear compounds ZrCl(μ-Cl)(μ-C5H4PPh2)2M(CO)3 [M = Cr (2), Mo (3), W (4)]. The Cl bridge is readily cleaved by ligands such as CO, MeCN, or P(OMe)3.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 297
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 1493-1498 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Spirocyclization ; Quinone cyclization ; Enaminones ; Nenitzescu reaction ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigations on the Formation of 6-Hydroxyindole in the Nenitzescu Reaction, II.  -  Cyclization of N-(Quinonylalklyl)enaminone DerivativesThe N-(quinonylethyl)enaminones 8a-d are synthesized from the phenylethylamines 5a, b. Quinones 8a, c, d are cyclized to the spiro compounds 9a, c, d. N-(Quinonylmethyl)enaminones 19a, b are obtained from aldehyde 12 via 13, 14, 15 and 16. Enaminone 19a cyclizes spontaneously to spiro compound 20. Ring closure of 19b yields isoquinolinium salts 21a, b. N-(Quinonylpropyl)enaminone 25 is gained from 22 via 23 and 24 and is O-protonated to 26. As shown by model reactions, primary 1,4-addition of enaminone nitrogen to p-benzoquinone is unlikely.
    Notes: Die N-(Chinonylethyl)enaminone 8a-d werden ausgehend von den Phenylethylaminen 5a, b synthetisiert. Die Chinone 8a, c, d werden zu den Spiroverbindungen 9a, c, d cyclisiert. Die N-(Chinonylmethyl)enaminone 19a, b werden aus dem Aldehyd 12 über 13, 14, 15 und 16 dargestellt. 19a cyclisiert spontan zur Spiroverbindung 20. Der Ringschluß von 19b ergibt die Isochinolinium-Salze 21a, b. Das N-(Chinonylpropyl)enaminon 25 wird aus 22 über 23 und 24 erhalten und zu 26 O-protoniert. Die Modellreaktionen zeigen, daß eine primäre 1,4-Addition des Enaminon-Stickstoffs am p-Benzochinon wenig wahrscheinlich ist.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 298
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 1499-1501 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Epoxidation ; 1,6-Methano[10]annulenes ; Tricyclo[4.4.1.01,6]undec-8-enes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis and Chemical Properties of New 3,4-Disubstituted Tricyclo[4.4.1.01,6]undec-8-enes. Precursors for New Substituted 1,6-Methano[10]annulenesTricyclo[4.4.1.01,6]undec-3,8-diene (2) reacts with m-chloroperbenzoic acid in dichloromethane to yield the epoxides 3a and 3b; the reactions of the syn-epoxide 3a with trimethylsilyl azide either in the presence of copper(II) (2R,3R)-tartrate or of ZnCl2 as a Lewis acid lead to the formation of the trimethylsilyloxy-substituted azide 4; by acid hydrolysis of 4 with HCl in methanol the alcohol 5 is obtained in 76% yield.
    Notes: Ausgehend von Tricyclo[4.4.1.01,6]undec-3,8-dien (2) werden mit m-Chlorperbenzoesäure in Dichlormethan die Epoxide 3a sowie 3b erhalten; aus dem syn-Epoxid 3a konnte mit Trimethylsilylazid entweder unter Zugabe von Kupfer(II)-(2R,3R)-tartrat oder von ZnCl2 als Lewis-Säure das Trimethylsilyloxy-substituierte Azid 4 synthetisiert werden, aus 4 durch saure Hydrolyse mit HCl in Methanol in 76proz. Ausbeute der Alkohol 5.
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  • 299
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 1509-1529 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: [1.1.1]Propellanes ; Cyclopropanation ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Syntheses of [1.1.1]PropellanesTwo routes to [1.1.1]propellanes are presented: the “classical” cyclopropanation of bicyclo[1.1.0]butane derivatives and the carbenoid cyclization of 1-lithio-1-halo-3-alkylidenecyclobutanes, whose four-membered ring is part of a bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane or of a bicyclo[2.1.1]hexane system. The X-ray structures of two [1.1.1]propellanes, 61 and 45, have been determined.
    Notes: In der „klassischen“ Cyclopropanierung von Bicyclo[1.1.0]butan-Derivaten und in der Carbenoid-Cyclisierung von 1-Lithio-1-halo-3-alkylidencyclobutanen, bei denen der Vierring Teil eines Bicyclo[3.1.1]heptan- oder Bicyclo[2.1.1]hexan-Systems ist, wurden zwei effiziente Wege zu [1.1.1]Propellanen gefunden. Von zwei Modellen, 61 und 45, wurden die Röntgenstrukturen ermittelt.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 300
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 1503-1508 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Diaza[n.2]cyclophanenes ; Rigid-group principle ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Protecting Groups for the Synthesis of Diaza-cyclophanes by the Rigid-Group Principle4,4-Dimethyl-1,2-bis(4-methylphenyl)-3,5-pyrazolidinedione (4), 1,2-bis(4-methylphenyl)perhydro-3,6-pyridazinedione (5), and 1,2-bis(4-methylphenyl)perhydro-3,7-diazepinedione (6) have been prepared by condensation of p-hydrazotoluene with the appropriate dicarbonyl dichlorides and then converted into the corresponding bis(bromomethyl) derivatives 7-9 by photobromination. 7-9 have been tested as starting compounds for the synthesis of 2-thia-10,11-diaza[3.2]paracyclophan-10-ene (2) and 2,5-dithia-13,14-diaza[6.2]paracyclophan-13-ene (3). In no case 2 has been obtained, independent of the ring size and conformation of 7-9. However, 3 was readily formed from all precursors; the dimethylmalonyl moiety proved to be convenient as a protecting group because of its ease of preparation, its stability, and its facile cleavage by alkali.
    Notes: 4,4-Dimethyl-1,2-bis(4-methylphenyl)-3,5-pyrazolidindion (4), 1,2-Bis(4-methylphenyl)perhydro-3,6-pyridazindion (5) und 1,2-Bis(4-methylphenyl)perhydro-3,7-diazepindion (6) wurden durch Kondensation von p-Hydrazotoluol mit den entsprechenden Dicarbonsäuredichloriden dargestellt und durch Photobromierung in die Brommethylderivate 7-9 übergeführt. Die Eignung von 7-9 als Vorstufen für die Synthese von 2-Thia-10,11-diaza[3.2]paracyclophan-10-en (2) und 2,5-Dithia-13,14-diaza[6.2]paracyclophan-13-en (3) wurde geprüft. Die Darstellung von 2 gelang unabhängig von der Ringgröße und Konformation von 7-9 nicht. 3 wird dagegen in allen Fällen glatt gebildet, wobei sich der Dimethylmalonylrest wegen der guten Zugänglichkeit, Stabilität und leichten Abspaltbarkeit im alkalischen Milieu besonders bewährt.
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