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  • 1980-1984  (857)
  • 1980  (857)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (768)
  • Rat  (88)
  • Nuclear reactions
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Afferent neurons of the hypoglossal nerve of the rat as demonstrated by horseradish peroxidase tracing (1980)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 158 (1980), S. 349-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Afferent neurons ; Hypoglossal nerve ; Rat ; HRP-tracing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cell bodies of sensory neurons of the rat's hypoglossal nerve were demonstrated by the somatopetal horseradish peroxidase (HRP) transport technique. Labelled perikarya were found within the second and third cervical spinal ganglia and in the vagal sensory ganglia. After application of HRP to the cut peripheral trunk of the hypoglossal nerve about 200 labelled cell bodies were counted in each animal. The vast majority of the axons from cervical spinal ganglion cells reach the hypoglossal nerve via the descending ramus (N. descendens hypoglossi). However, there may exist an additional pathway, probably via the cervical sympathetic trunk. Application of HRP to the medial and lateral end branches led to a labelling of much fewer spinal ganglion cells while the number of labelled vagal sensory neurons remained unchanged. Thus, it is suggested that the majority of the cervical afferents of the hypoglossal nerve originates within the extrinsic tongue musculature and the geniohyoid muscle, whereas the vagal afferents may perhaps derive exclusively from the intrinsic muscles. Histograms of the mean diameters of labelled cell bodies show a predominance of very small perikarya. This contrasts with the diameter distribution of sensory perikarya labelled after HRP application to nerves supplying other skeletal muscles. It is therefore assumed that the afferent component of the hypoglossal nerve is composed mainly of small-calibre axons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00301822
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ansa cervicalis and the infrahyoid muscles of the rat (1980)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 159 (1980), S. 59-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Infrahyoid muscles ; Motoneurons ; Spinal ganglion cells ; Axons ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Perikarya of motoneurons and spinal ganglion cells attributed to infrahyoid muscle nerves of the rat were labelled by retrogradely transported horseradish peroxidase (HRP). For the differentiation of motor and sensory axons cross sections of the nerves were stained for acetylcholinesterase. Numbers and diameter distributions of perikarya and myelinated axons were determined. Motoneuronal perikarya innervating the infrahyoid muscles are located from the transition zone brain stem/spinal cord to the segment C 3. They are found mostly in the medial part of the Rexed laminae VII and VIII at the level of C 1 and C 2 and more ventrolaterally in C 3 and are therefore located to a large extent in areas until now not recognized to contain motoneurons. Our results provide evidence for a somatotopic organization of the motoneurons in the upper cervical spinal cord. The diameter distributions of motoneuronal perikarya and axons are in most cases bimodal, the two modes corresponding to α-and γ-motoneurons. In relation to the diameters of their perikarya α-axons are significantly thicker than γ-axons. In contrast to the motoneurons no clear correlation could be established between the sizes of perikarya of spinal ganglion cells and their peripheral processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00299255
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural study of Sertoli cells in rat seminiferous tubules during intrauterine life and the postnatal period (1980)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 160 (1980), S. 11-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Sertoli cells ; Rat ; Fetal and postnatal life ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sertoli cells have various functions: mechanical (creation of two compartments in the seminiferous tubules, migration of germinal cells), secretory (secretion of anti-Müllerian hormone, inhibin, androgen-binding-protein and estrogen) and phagocytic. We report an ultrastructural study of the rat Sertoli cell during maturation and consider possible correlations between the acquisition of certain morphological characteristics and certain functions. During fetal life, the Sertoli cell possesses differentiated zones of junction with the gonocytes and seems to have a role in the migration of the gonocytes towards the periphery of the seminiferous tubule. The Sertoli cell performs the phagocytosis of the gonocytes which degenerate during their migration, and seems to be the site of production of protein granules, whose presence can be related to the synthesis of anti-Müllerian hormone. After birth and before puberty, when the inclusions resembling secretory granules disappear, the Sertoli cell membranes in contact with spermatocytes II and spermatids differentiate, forming, through the differentiated junctional complexes, two compartments (adluminal and luminal) in the seminiferous tubules. Finally, they acquire the characteristics of active secretory cells, capable, in particular, of steroid synthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315646
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Innervation of the liver in guinea pig and rat (1980)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 160 (1980), S. 239-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Liver ; Innervation ; Adrenergic nerves ; Guinea pig ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The adrenergic innervation of rat and guinea pig liver is investigated using the glyoxylic-acid — paraformaldehyde method for fluorescent microscopical demonstration of adrenergic nerves and electron microscopy. The nerve distribution in the parenchyma of both animals is compared. The distribution of the liver nerves as detected with fluorescence microscopy is confirmed electron microscopically. The two species exhibit fundamental differences in their liver innervation: (1) In the guinea pig, a rich innervation is found in the trias as well as in the parenchyma. Many nerves traverse the entire liver lobules and may end near the central vein. The guinea pig hepatocyte innervation seems to be uniformly adrenergic. Electron microscopy shows that the varicosities of these nerves mostly form close contacts to the hepatocytes but also to other hepatic intralobular cells. (2) In the rat, the liver nerves are as a rule restricted to the triads, running mainly with smooth muscle containing blood vessels. It rarely happens that nerves penetrate into the lobule and come into contact with the peripherally located hepatocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305105
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Arrays of glycogen granules in the axoplasm of peripheral nerves at pre-ovoid stages of wallerian degeneration (1980)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 50 (1980), S. 227-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Wallerian degeneration ; Schmidt-Lantermann incisures ; Glycogen clusters ; Peripheral nerves ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Phrenic and sciatic nerves of the rat were examined during the initial stages of Wallerian degeneration 4–48 h after axotomy about 5 mm below the level of transection. One of the first changes observed in transected axons was the appearance of glycogen granules and formation of clusters of particulate glycogen at the Schmidt-Lantermann incisures and at the nodes of Ranvier. Four hours after transection, glycogen granules were found at these sites mainly attached to the tubules of axoplasmic reticulum or dispersed in small clusters in the axoplasm. At later stages, glycogen particles increased in number and formed elongated clusters arrayed mostly longitudinally among axonal organelles filling stretches of axons about 2 μm long adjacent to the incisures and in nodal regions. The buld-up of glycogen clusters reached a peak at 22 h after axotomy, when longitudinal arrays of glycogen particles were found at about 70% of the incisures and nodes examined. The percentage of these sites containing glycogen clusters had already decreased 26 h after axotomy. When axonal degeneration advanced and axons contained only floculated material and swollen mitochondria, glycogen granules also disintegrated. It is of interest that glycogen particles accumulate in those regions of the internode where the axon will soon become disrupted during ovoid formation. The possible mechanisms leading to glycogen accumulation at these sites are discussed in relation to the active role of Schwann cells in Wallerian degeneration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688759
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hypothalamic lesions in rats with long-term streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus (1980)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 52 (1980), S. 119-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Hypothalmus ; Rat ; Streptozotocin ; Diabetes ; Morphology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sixteen male Wistar rats, 1 year after injection of streptozotocin or vehicle, were fixed by whole-body perfusion, the brains were removed and processed for light and electron microscopy. Study of semithin sections from the hypothalamic area revealed changes in the arcuate nucleus and median eminence. The lesions, in comparison with controls, were subjected to a blind semiquantitative evaluation. The following changes were observed by light microscopy in diabetic rats: accumulation of glycogen (P〈0.01), degeneration of neurons (P〈0.05), hypotrophy of tanycytes (P〈0.01), and axonal changes. Electron microscopy of diabetic rats revealed that glycogen was increased in neuronal bodies and processes (axons, synapses), also in tanycytes, and glia cells. In neurons were seen: dilated and fragmented endoplasmic reticulum, degranulated ergastoplasm, loss of organelles, increased number of microtubuli, myelin figures, irregulatities in the form of nuclei, and appearance of chromatin. The tanycytes in diabetic animals were reduced in volume, had an increased nuclear cytoplasmic ratio, a reduced number of organelles, short basal processes, and almost complete loss of the apical processes. These changes demonstrate the existance, under experimental conditions, of an encephalopathy pathogenetically related to streptozotocin-induced diabetes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688009
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Angioarchitectonics of rat cerebellar cortex during pre- and postnatal development (1980)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 50 (1980), S. 131-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Rat ; Cerebellum ; Vessels ; Development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The adult arrangement and the development of stem vessels and capillaries was studied in the rat cerebellum. In principle, stem vessels branch and terminate at three levels: (1) the molecular layer, (2) the Purkinje cell-granular layer, and (3) the cerebellar white matter. All stem vessels are interconnected by the capillary network which is most dense in the Purkinje cell—granular layer. As in the neocortex, the stem vessels of the cerebellum are formed successively during development, so that the later they are formed the more superficial are their terminations. The formation of multiple stem vessels in the depths of fissures and sulci during both pre- and postnatal development may correlate to regional variations in, e.g., mitotic frequency or thickness of the external granular layer. The earliest “endo-parenchymal” branches are formed before the first neurons are present. Capillary growth by sprouting during the postnatal period parallels known regional differences in the timing of the neuronal maturation, e.g., increased synaptic density and oxidative metabolism. The findings in this investigation confirm and extend the results of an earlier morphometric study on capillary development in the cerebellar cortex. Although the angiogenetic factors remain unknown, the hypothesis of a link between the vascularization and the functional maturation of the brain is corroborated by the results. Knowledge of the normal vascular development seems necessary for an understanding of brain morphogenesis and for interpretation of primary pathogenetic mechanisms in various intoxications etc.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692863
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of several lipidosis-inducing drugs upon the area postrema and adjacent medullary nuclei of adult rats (1980)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 52 (1980), S. 179-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Medulla oblongata ; Rat ; Chlorophentermine ; Chloroquine ; Lipidosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present study is concerned with the question of whether or not amphiphilic drugs (chloroquine, quinacrine, perhexiline) that fail to induce general lipidosis in the central nervous system (CNS) of adult rats can produce lipidosis in a circumventricular organ (area postrema) not furnished with a blood-brain barrier. Chlorphentermine known to induce general lipidosis in CNS of adult rats served as reference compound. All drugs, when chronically applied in high oral doses, induced significant perikaryal lipidosis in the area postrema. In the adjacent nuclei (nucleus tractus solitarii, nucleus dorsalis nervi vagi, nucleus nervi hypoglossi, nucleus gracilis), only chlorphentermine caused generalized lipidosis, whereas the other drugs had either limited or no effects. The present findings strongly suggest that the exemption, of most regions of the CNS of adult rats, from lipidosis induced by chloroquine and others is due to hindered drug distribution across the blood-brain barrier, rather than being due to non-susceptibility of central neurons toward the lipidosis-inducing action of the drugs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00705806
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The early internal vascularization of the rat brain (1980)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 50 (1980), S. 221-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Rat ; Brain ; Vessels ; Prenatal ; Development ; Protein deprivation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The internal vascularization of the brain was studied in foetuses of normal and protein-deprived rats from embryonic day (E) 12 to 15. The position of vascular branches showed distinct relations to the various zones of the neuroepithelium. The possibility that various parts of the vascular system may differ in function, maturation, and morphogenetic relations to the neuroepithelium must be considered. The distinct vascular layers were therefore given names relating them to the respective wall zone. The ingrowth of straight stem vessels from the epiparenchymal vascular plexus into the neuroepithelium and the formation of vascular branches close to the ventricular system were referred to as stage I of the internal vascularization. The resulting plexus was called the deep vascular plexus of the ventricular zone. Its formation followed the same temporospatial gradients as the formation of the marginal zone. Following the formation of the intermediate zone, more stem vessels entered the neuroepithelium and a superficial vascular plexus of the ventricular zone was formed (stage II). This plexus was positioned close to the border between the ventricular zone and the intermediate zone. Subsequently, vascular branches also formed plexuses of the intermediate and subventricular zones (stage III). No “intraepithelial” vessels were seen on E 12. The temporospatial gradients in the telencephalic vesicles were caudal to rostral and lateral to medial, starting in the parts corresponding to the ganglionic eminence in the floor of the lateral ventricle on E 13. Only the dorsomedial angles of the hemispheres showed no vessels on E 15. No obvious differences were seen between the normal and the protein-deprived foetuses regarding the timing and extent of vascularization or the size and appearance of wall zones in the immature central nervous (I-CNS).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688758
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Macrophages in peripheral nerves (1980)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 49 (1980), S. 43-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Rat ; Peripheral nerve ; Macrophage ; Ultrastructure ; Histochemistry ; Acid phosphatase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The cellular content of the endoneurium in peripheral nerves of normal adult rats was studied. Endoneurial cells with high light-microscopical activity of acid phosphatase were usually located close to blood vessels or near the perineurium. Cells with the ultrastructural appearance of macrophages showed the same distribution and accounted for 2–4% of the endoneurial cell nuclei profiles. These cells rapidly endocytosed carbon particles after endoneurial administration of colloidal carbon in vitro.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692218
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toxic effect of various selenium compounds on the rat in the early postnatal period (1980)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 45 (1980), S. 207-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Selenate ; d,l-selenomethionine ; d,l-selenocystine ; Dimethyl selenide ; Trimethylselenonium ion ; Toxicology ; Cataract ; Ontogeny ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The toxic effect of selenium compounds (sodium selenate,d,l-selenomethionine,d,l-selenocystine, dimethyl selenide, and trimethylselenonium ion) was tested in 10-day old male rats. Increasing doses of the compounds were administered an s.c. injection and control animals were not injected. All compounds tested were lethal. Eye lens cataract was induced by the administration of selenate,d,l-selenomethionine, andd,l-selenocystine, while dimethyl selenide and trimethylselenonium ion failed to cause cataract. The cataractogenic effect of the above compounds may be attributed to their interference with glutathione metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02419000
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stimulation-dependent changes in synaptic effects on unit activity of medial preoptic nucleus neurones in rats (1980)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 39 (1980), S. 121-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Amygdala ; Medial preoptic nucleus ; Median eminence ; Rat ; Synaptic plasticity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Stimulation-dependent changes in synaptic effects were observed in medial preoptic nucleus neurones during stimulation of the amygdala or pyriform cortex in anaesthetized female rats. The changes occurred after 35–240 triple pulse stimuli repeated at 0.89 Hz. Median eminence stimulation did not produce any synaptic change. These data show the existence of synaptic plasticity in the neural pathway from the amygdala and pyriform cortex to the medial preoptic nucleus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237076
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The distribution of spinal projection neurons in the hypothalamus of the rat, studied with the HRP method (1980)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 40 (1980), S. 79-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Spinal tract neuron ; Hypothalamus ; HRP ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution and number of hypothalamospinal tract (HST) neurons were studied following injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) at various levels of the rat spinal cord. The hypothalamus was divided into four areas and one nucleus, that is, the dorsal (DHA), posterior (PHA), medial (MHA) and lateral (LHA) hypothalamic areas and the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). The total numbers of HST neurons labeled with HRP varied according to the injection levels: 6,160 (C2 injections), 3,808 (T8), 1,961 (L1), 919 (L7) and 13 (S4). With C2 injections LHA contained 3,464 neurons, which accounted for 56% of the full number of HST neurons; similarly, PVN, 1,114 (18%); MHA, 865 (14%); DHA and PHA, 817 (12%). With L7 injections, LHA contained 444 labeled neurons, which accounted for 48% of the total; PVN, 327 (36%); MHA, 71 (8%); DHA with PHA, 77 (8%). As for the rostrocaudal distribution of labeled neurons, there was only a slight difference between the C2 and L6 injections in LHA, but no difference was noticed in PVN, DHA nor PHA. The present findings suggest that 70% of HST neurons may project to the cervical and thoracic cords. Although the number of labeled HST neurons decreased as the injection sites were placed caudally, no clearcut topographical arrangement was recognized in terms of the spinal projection levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236665
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Swimming in the rat: Analysis of locomotor performance in comparison to stepping (1980)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 40 (1980), S. 374-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cinematography ; Electromyography ; Locomotion ; Rat ; Swimming
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Swimming in a mammalian quadruped, the rat, is analyzed in kinematic (joint angles) and electromyographic (EMG) terms. Data were collected on the movements of the hip, knee, ankle, and toe joints and three principle extensors and three flexors of the right hindlimb and compared with similar data collected on the same rats during treadmill stepping. The flexion, or protraction phase of swimming and stepping had many elements in common, including a similarity of EMG activity patterns and corresponding limb movements. However, in the extension, or retraction phase, there were notable differences. Although joint-extensor muscles were all coactive in both conditions, the brevity of the swimming extensor phase precluded the characteristic variation in EMG activity levels seen in the extensors in stepping. The flexors, in particular semitendinosus (ST), exhibited bursts of activity at the end of the extensor phase of swimming which were not present during the comparable period of stepping. The extra burst in ST produced a very rapid knee flexion at this time. Whereas the range of hip joint movement was similar in the two conditions, the ranges of the knee and ankle joints were expanded during swimming. Overall, the evidence suggests that swimming is a very rapid form of a basic locomotor pattern in which the extensors are driven to their maximum contraction rate. The extra extension of the limb derives from the absence of ground reaction forces, allowing the knee and ankle joints to fully extend. The added bursts in the flexors remain to be explained. A discussion of these results in terms of current theories of single limb locomotor pattern generation is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236146
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytometric investigations in histochemically identified neurons — Changes of fluorescence intensities and nuclear diameters in dopamine neurons of the arcuate nucleus in the cycling rat (1980)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 38 (1980), S. 293-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Rat ; Estrous cycle ; Hypothalamic arcuate nucleus ; Dopamine perikarya ; Cytometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The relative formaldehyde-induced fluorescence intensities and the diameter of cell nuclei of fluorescent perikarya of the arcuate nucleus were recorded in serial cross-sectioned hypothalamic arcuate nuclei of regularly cycling rats (5 estrous and 4 proestrous animals). Stress-induced changes of cytometric parameters were avoided by preadaptation of animals to handling procedures. Dopamine neurons in a 75 μm thick periventricular layer of the arcuate nucleus exhibited significantly smaller nerve cell nuclei and significantly reduced relative fluorescence intensities in proestrous rats. Both of these cytometric parameters indicate a decrease in the activity of periventricular dopamine neurons of the arcuate nucleus. The reported findings might support the hypothesis that dopamine inhibits the release of LH-RH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236648
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ponto-cerebellar projection in the rat: Differential projections to sublobules of the uvula (1980)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 38 (1980), S. 11-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cerebellum ; Pontine nuclei ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Microinjections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were made in different sublobules of the uvula (lobule IX, a, b, and c of Larsell, 1952) of the cerebellar cortex in the rat. These injections resulted in retrograde labeling of cells located in the pontine nuclei. Sublobule IXa receives a predominant input from a single column of cells situated in a dorsointermediate position in the caudal pontine nuclei. Sublobules IXb and IXc receive a pontine projection from two different columns of cells, one medial and one lateral. The location of the labeled cells in the lateral part of the caudal pons suggests a topographic projection to the subdivisions of the uvula. Sublobule IXa receives a projection from a distinct dorsointermediate region and sublobule IXb and IXc receive a projection from partially overlapping ventral regions. The cells of origin in the medial pons are organized such that more dorsally located cells project to sublobule IXc and ventrally located cells project to sublobule IXb with extensive overlap. These differential patterns of projections to the sublobules of the uvula along with other data in the literature suggest that sublobule IXa may be involved with different functional correlates than sublobules IXb and IXc.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237925
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Axonal projections and conduction properties of olfactory peduncle neurons in the rat (1980)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 39 (1980), S. 241-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Olfactory peduncle neurons ; Axonal branching ; Supernormal period ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electrophysiological methods were employed to study the axonal properties of the neurons of anterior olfactory nucleus (AON), transition zone (TZ), and rostral prepyriform cortex (RPPC) and their projections towards the ipsilateral and contralateral olfactory bulb (IOB, COB) in the rat. Of 91 antidromically driven cells, 39 (43%) and 32 (35%) responded to IOB and COB stimulation, respectively; 20 (22%) were discharged from both bulbs. Collision tests performed on the latter group indicated that these neurons have a short main axon which divides near the soma, projecting one branch to the COB and a thinner one toward the IOB. Mean conduction velocities of axons projecting to the IOB and the COB were 0.4 m/s and 0.7 m/s, respectively, the faster conducting axons having shorter refractory periods. Of the 38 neurons tested, 92% showed decreases in threshold and latency (up to 20% of control antidromic latency) after a test volley that was preceded by a conditioning pulse at intervals of 20–215 ms. Latency decreases were greater for slowly conducting axons than for the faster ones. These after-effects of impulse activity in OB afferent axons were attributed to the presence of a supernormal period of increased conduction velocity and excitability similar to that found in the olfactory nerve (Bliss and Rosenberg, 1974).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237113
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhanced suppression of a conditioned avoidance response by haloperidol but not phenoxybenzamine in rats with bilateral parafascicular lesions (1980)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 40 (1980), S. 164-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Rat ; Avoidance conditioning ; Parafascicular nucleus ; Dopamine ; Noradrenaline
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Male rats were subject to bilateral lesions in the parafascicular nucleus (PF) of the thalamus. The lesions had little or no effect on the performance of a pre-operatively acquired conditioned avoidance response. However, the PF lesioned animals displayed an enhanced response to the dopamine receptor blocking agents haloperidol or pimozide but not to the noradrenaline receptor blocking agent phenoxybenzamine. The results indicate that intralaminar thalamic nuclei and dopaminergic extrapyramidal motor pathways are functionally connected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237534
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An automatic microspectrophotometric scanning method for the measurement of bone formation rates in vivo (1980)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 32 (1980), S. 63-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Rat ; Bone formation ; Fluorochrome ; Microphotometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary A method for quantitative studies of the formation rate of bone has been developed. After vital staining with calcein, the fluorescence of a bone section was measured with a microphotometer controlled by a mini computer. After staining the bone structure with alizarin red S in a second step, the section was measured in transmitted light. The two data sets were combined and the shortest distances between the bone surface and the fluorescence lines were computed. With this information the distance distribution and the bone area between the label and the surface could be calculated in two different ways: with the single labeling and the continuous labeling techniques. The advantages and disadvantages of the two methods are discussed and compared with those of other techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02408522
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A quantitative histologic analysis of the growing long bone metaphysis (1980)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 32 (1980), S. 113-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Rat ; Bone ; Metaphysis ; Quantitative ; Aging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The purpose of this work was to analyze the proximal tibial metaphysis of the 170 g rat in a quantitative histologic fashion which would allow some relation to tissue age to be established. Stained 3 µm thick tissue sections were analyzed with the aid of a Merz grid on an eyepiece reticule and a light microscope. Tissue mass and cell distribution were studied in all areas. The rate of change in tissue mass during aging of the metaphysis was calculated. Two regions of the metaphysis were identified. One, corresponding to the primary spongiosa, less than 4.45 days of age, is a region of high turnover of hard tissue and high numbers of osteoblasts and osteoprogenitor cells. The other, corresponding to the secondary spongiosa, is a region of relatively low net tissue turnover and low numbers of osteoblasts and osteoprogenitor cells. Osteoclasts were found relatively more uniformly distributed through the metaphysis than were osteoblasts and osteoprogenitor cells. The rate of bone formation in the primary spongiosa is 50 times that found in the Haversian bone of the rib of 5-year-old humans and about 500 times that found at the cortical-endosteal surface of ribs of 5-year-old humans. It is argued that both cell distribution and tissue distribution in the metaphysis support the concept that osteoblasts and osteoclasts, rather than osteocytes, are responsible for the maturation of the metaphysis. The inhomogeneous distribution of both cells and tissue in the metaphysis has definite meaning for the interpretation of findings concerning the incorporation of radionuclides into the skeleton.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02408530
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of growth hormone in experimental phosphorus deprivation in the rat (1980)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 32 (1980), S. 105-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Rat ; Hypophysectomy ; Dietary phosphorus deprivation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The demands of growth are known to exacerbate the effect of phosphorus deprivation (PD). We examined whether changes associated with PD could be prevented in young rats in which growth and growth hormone (GH) were eliminated by hypophysectomy (HPX) and whether PD in normal intact rats (INT) was associated with increased secretion of GH. INT or thyroxine- and ACTH-replaced HPX rats were fed one of the three diets: 0.31% P (NP); 0.027% P (LP), and 0.31% P, pair-fed with LP-mates (NP-PF). The results indicate that HPX did not qualitatively alter several physiologic responses to PD: (a) serum and urinary phosphorus (P) decreased and urinary calcium (Ca) increased; (b) net intestinal Ca retention fell and duodenal sac uptake of45Ca rose; and (c) external P balance was restored and duodenal sac uptake of32P-phosphate increased. Only the hypercalcemia seen in INT, LP rats was prevented by HPX. In INT rats serum immunoassayable GH levels, measured in single samples, were not different between different dietary groups while pituitary bioassayable GH was reduced in both LP and NP-PF rats when compared to the NP rats. Thus, except for hypercalcemia, the physiologic responses associated with PD are not prevented by the elimination of growth and GH, and the development of these responses in INT rats was not associated with a consistent or specific alteration in GH secretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02408529
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structure of fetal rat calvarium; provisional identification of preosteoclasts (1980)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 31 (1980), S. 21-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Rat ; Calvarium ; Electron microscopy ; Preosteoclasts ; Osteoclasts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary This is a study of the fine structure of cells of the 20-day fetal rat calvarium. Special attention is given to identifying and characterizing preosteoclasts. These cells are relatively common and located largely, but not exclusively, at the endocranial bone surface. The preosteoclasts are characterized by abundant mitochondria, an incomplete perinuclear Golgi apparatus, and variable-shaped dense granules. The dense granules are unique in appearance in that they contain an internal dense matrix surrounded by a clear halo. Most granules are circular in shape but some are elongate or tubular in form. Granules with identical appearance are observed in osteoclasts. The preosteoclasts are mononucleate, or occasionally binucleate. It is suggested that because preosteoclasts are morphologically distinctive and relatively abundant, it should be feasible to separate these cells from a heterogeneous cell isolate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02407163
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Positive two-stage carcinogenesis in female sprague-dawley rats using 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) as initiator and 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) as promotor (1980)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 385 (1980), S. 181-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Tumor promotion ; Tumor initiation ; DMBA ; TPA ; Two-stage carcinogenesis experiment ; Carcinogenesis ; Cocarcinogenesis ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In contrast to a previous report by Shubik, the validity of the 2-stage skin carcinogenesis experiment was demonstrated in the rat. The modified experiment was carried out in female Sprague-Dawley rats using intragastrically administered DMBA as a carcinogen and the topically applied phorbol ester TPA as a promoter. Seven groups of animals were used. Two groups were treated with TPA only, two groups were initiated only with DMBA, two further groups were both initiated and promoted, and one group served as a control. Each of the initiated/promoted groups or only initiated or promoted groups contained one sub-group in which the animals had been bilaterally ovarectomized prior to the experiment. Hyperplasia of the dorsal epidermis occurred only in the promoted and in the initiated/promoted groups. Tumors of the back skin were observed exclusively after initiation/promotion. Ovarectomy — leading to a prolonged survival time of the animals — seems to be crucial for the manifestation of malignant skin tumors. Initiation/promotion also gives rise to tumors of the forestomach, the small intestine, the liver and the colon. Tumors in other organs (especially in the mammary gland and the Zymbal gland) were also be observed after initiation alone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427403
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pulmonary and systemic embolism after deliberate intravenous fluorocarbon administration (1980)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 386 (1980), S. 331-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Fluorocarbon ; Extracorporeal circulation (EEC) ; Pulmonary ; systemic embolism ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary After intravenous injection of 0.1 ml Fluorocarbon (FC) into the caudal vein of rats clear droplets which are reminiscent of gas emboli appear in the pulmonary and cerebral arteries. These droplets cannot be stained with Azan, haematoxylin-eosin, Nile blue sulfate, Sudan black B, and Sudan III in Paraplast embedded or frozen sections. Gas chromatography of affected lung tissue reveals a high concentration of FC. The clear droplets are the histological correlates of FC emboli which lead to haemorrhagic lung infarction and ischaemic brain infarcts. After intralienal injection FC induces haemorrhagic infarcts of the spleen near the injection site and massive embolization of the intrahepatic portal veins with consequent liver cell necrosis. FC droplets are phagocytosed by hepatic sinusoidal lining cells. Due to the absence of a specific method for identifying FC embolization of renal vessies is difficult to assess.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427302
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organ of Corti-specific polypeptides: OCP-I and OCP-II (1980)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 226 (1980), S. 123-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Organ of Corti ; Organ-specific polypeptides ; Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ; Guinea pig ; Rat ; Actin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two polypeptides, OCP-I and OCP-II, specific to the organ of Corti of the guinea pig and the rat, were detected by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. They were neither present in other inner ear structures, nor in other organs tested. The two polypeptides constitute a substantial portion of the total protein of the organ of Corti. Both inner and outer layer of the organ of Corti contained approximately equal amounts of OCP-I and OCP-II. The molecular weights of OCP-I and OCP-II are 37,000 and 22,500 daltons, respectively. The corresponding pI values are 4.9 and 5.1, respectively. In addition, actin and tubulin were detected in both layers of the organ of Corti.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00455126
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of pesticides on scheduled and unscheduled DNA synthesis of rat thymocytes and human lymphocytes (1980)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 45 (1980), S. 101-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Pesticides ; DNA repair ; Human lymphocytes ; Man ; Rat thymocytes ; Rat ; DNA synthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The action of seventeen pesticides (insecticides, fungicides and herbicides) has been studied with short-term in vitro system using rat thymocytes and/or human lymphocytes. The parameters studied were: a) the action of chemicals tested in scalar doses on DNA synthesis of rat thymocytes; b) damage exerted by pesticides on human lymphocyte DNA measured as unscheduled DNA synthesis; c) the interference of chemicals tested with human lymphocyte repair capability after damage exerted on cells by ultraviolet rays. The results obtained suggest that some of tested pesticides don't induce damages to human lymphocyte DNA, some others elicit low DNA repair if compared to the repair following a standard ultraviolet irradiation and some of them (6/17) exert a marked inhibition of cell repair processes after ultraviolet irradiation. Data are discussed on the basis of a possible role played by these substances as carcinogenic agents in the environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01270907
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of excess 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in young rats (1980)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 43 (1980), S. 155-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: 1α,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol ; Calcification ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The oral administration for 5 days of excess 1α,25-dihydroxychole-calciferol [1,25(OH)2D3] at doses of 1, 5, and 25 μg/kg to rats, beginning at the age of 2 or 10 days, produced dose-dependent reductions in weight development and additional calcification near the skeleton. Alizarin red S stained skeleton revealed calcific deposits near the bones of the head, near the neural arches, between the ribs, along the bones both of the fore limbs and, to a lesser extent, of the hind limbs. Historically, the deposits appeared to be localized primarily in the subepithelial connective tissues. Starting treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 (25 μg/kg for 5 days) at the age of 20 days produced additional calcification in 1 of 8 rats at only 1 location (lower jaw). Additional calcification as described above could no longer be induced by 1,25(OH)2D3 in 30-day-old rats using doses up to 25 μg/kg and 10 daily treatments. We conclude that the sensitivity of young rats to 1,25(OH)2D3-induced additional calcification, which differs in localization from that observed in adult rats, decreases with the maturation of the animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00297581
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on liver toxicants (1980)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 43 (1980), S. 257-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Bromobenzene ; Cytochrome P-450 ; Cytochrome reductase ; Glucuronyltransferase ; Lipoperoxidation ; Liver ; Mixed-function oxidase ; Peroxide ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In acute oral studies, the effect of bromobenzene on hepatic microsomal enzymes was investigated. Neither glucuronyltransferases nor cytochrome c reductase showed significant changes. Most of the mixed-function oxidases studied were inhibited with the exception of ketamine-N-demethylase. The data indicate that bromobenzene or its epoxide acts on cytochrome P-450 but not on all cytochrome P-450 species, and does not affect the reductase and the glucuronyltransferases. Microsomal lipoperoxidation and microsomal H2O2 formation were increased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00366181
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the development of metastasizing tumors of the rat thyroid gland after combined administration of nitrosomethylurea and methylthiouracil (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 96 (1980), S. 281-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Carcinogenesis ; Thyroid gland ; Rat ; NMU ; MTU
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Seventy-five female Wistar rats of 150 g each were given 3×40 mg/kg body weight nitrosomethylurea (NMU) and 4 weeks later until death (in the 9th–60th week) methylthiouracil (MTU), as a 0.1% solution in their drinking water. After 2 months, in the almost colloid-less thyroid gland individual foci appeared which consisted of sometimes colloid containing follicles with increased cytoplasmic and nuclear basophilia; they increased in number during the subsequent weeks and finally resulted in nodes with different morphologic structures. From the 16th week on there were tumors infiltrating the capsule, and after the 24th week there were angioinvasive carcinomas. Thirteen rats had developed lung metastasization after the 30th week. Cytology could only distinguish between the follicular carcinomas of low differentiation and the follicular adenomas. If these findings are applied to human pathology, one would have to reckon with adenomas which can develop their malignant characteristics without necessarily changing their histologic and cytologic appearance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00408100
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequential studies on the histopathogenesis of gastric carcinoma in rats by a weak gastric carcinogen, N-propyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 98 (1980), S. 153-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Gastric carcinoma ; Intestinal metaplasia ; N-Propyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sequential studies were made on the histopathologic changes in the glandular stomach of rats induced by a weak carcinogen, N-propyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (PNNG). Fiftyfour rats were given 100 μg/ml of PNNG in their drinking water for 44 weeks, and then normal tap water until the end of the experiment. Rats were killed at intervals between week 1 and week 88. No marked atrophy or ulceration of the mucosa was found between week 1 and the end of the experiment. Focal intestinal metaplasia was found in week 19 and its incidence increased during the experiment. Adenocarcinoma in situ with extreme cellular atypia was found in mucosa with a normal appearance in week 67. An adenocarcinoma invading the submucosa was found in week 69, and one invading the serosa in week 88. All these pathological lesions were found on the anal side of the pyloric region. No pathologic changes were found in the fundic region. The sequential changes of the mucosa of the glandular stomach induced by this weak gastric carcinogen, PNNG, were very different from those induced by the potent gastric carcinogen, N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). Gastric carcinoma induced by PNNG seems to be more similar to human gastric cancer than that induced by MNNG.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00405959
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time-dependent accumulation of inorganic mercury in subcellular fractions of kidney, liver, and brain of rats exposed to methylmercury (1980)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 44 (1980), S. 231-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Methylmercury ; Inorganic mercury ; Rat ; Subcellular distribution ; Biotransformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Accumulation of inorganic mercury in subcellular fractions of the kidney, liver, and brain of rats was studied during 48 days after a single injection of 25 mg/kg of methylmercury chloride. The highest ratio of inorganic to total mercury was seen in the cytosol of kidney, 80% of the total being as inorganic mercury at day 48. The ratio in the mitochondria and microsomes of kidney attained a maximum level (about 50% of the total as inorganic) at day 26–37. In the liver, the ratio was strikingly low in the cytosol and microsomes as compared to the light and heavy mitochondria where about 40% of the total was present as inorganic maximally at day 26. The ratio in the brain, determined up to day 15, was very low as compared with the kidney and liver, showing less than 3% of the total in the mitochondria, microsomes, and cytosol, and 5.4% in the myelin fraction. The high accumulation of inorganic mercury in the cytosol of kidney was closely related to metallothionein-like component, while those in the mitochondria and microsomes of kidney and in the mitochondria of liver were exclusively bound to high molecular weight proteins even after deoxycholate treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00278031
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Postnatale Entwicklung von Rattenthrombozyten: Die Volumenverteilung und elektrophoretische Beweglichkeit von Rattenthrombozyten während des ersten Lebensmonats (1980)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 40 (1980), S. 421-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Rat ; Thrombocytes ; Cell volume ; Electrophoretic mobility ; Haematopoiesis ; Ratten ; Thrombozyten ; Zellvolumen ; elektrophoretische ; Beweglichkeit ; Hämatopoese
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Volumenverteilung von Rattenthrombozyten zeigt zwischen dem 5. und dem 8. Tag nach Geburt eine deutliche Zunahme im Modalvolumen. Bei rechnerischer Analyse der Kurven konnten keine deutlichen Anhaltspunkte für zwei diskrete Thrombozytenpopulationen gefunden werden. Da sich jedoch der Anstieg des Modalvolumens mit dem Beginn der Produktion einer neuen Erythrozytenpopulation deckt, und außerdem die Thrombozytenkonzentration im Blut in dieser Zeit deutlich ansteigt, können diese Veränderungen Ausdruck der Produktion einer zweiten Thrombozytenpopulation sein. Die mittlere elektrophoretische Beweglichkeit der Rattenthrombozyten fällt in den ersten drei Wochen nach Geburt nur geringfügig ab, während die der Erythrozyten im gleichen Zeitraum signifikant anstiegt.
    Notes: Summary The volume distribution curves of rat thrombocytes show a significant rise of the modal volume between days 5 and 8 after birth. No clear evidence for two distinct thrombocyte populations was obtained by computer analysis of the volume distribution curves. However, the increase of the modal volume of the platelets correlates with the production of a new erythrocyte population. In addition, the platelet concentration in the blood increases significantly during this time. These changes could indicate the production of a second thrombocyte population. The mean electrophoretic mobility of rat thrombocytes decreases only slightly during the first 3 weeks after birth, while it increases for erythrocytes significantly during the same period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01029684
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  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sauvagine, a new polypeptide from Phyllomedusa sauvagei skin (1980)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 312 (1980), S. 265-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Phyllomedusa sauvagei ; Sauvagine ; Blood pressure ; Diuresis ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. The occurrence of sauvagine, a new polypeptide from amphibian skin, and its actions on rat blood pressure and diuresis were studied. 2. Sauvagine was found to be present in the skin of all the 10 Phyllomedusa species so far studied, amounts ranging from a few micrograms to 240 μg per g fresh skin. 3. The polypeptide displayed in the rat an intense, long-lasting hypotensive action accompanied by tachycardia. Hypotension was not modified by either atropine or propranolol, excluding the participation of the autonomic nervous system in its production. Tachycardia, on the contrary, was partially inhibited by propranolol. 4. Hypotension is probably the main cause of the intense antidiuresis seen in hydrated rats following sauvagine administration. Reduction in urina volume was accompanied by a decrease in GFR and an increase in tubular Na+ reabsorption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00499156
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  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glomerular tubular balance of renald-glucose transport during hyperglycemia (1980)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 384 (1980), S. 39-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: d-Glucose ; Tubular Transport ; Glomerulotubular balance ; Micropuncture ; Clearance ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract d-Glucose transport in the kidney of glucose loaded rats was investigated using clearance and micropuncture techniques. The range of plasma glucose concentration in clearance experiments was 20–140 mmol·l−1 and in micropuncture experiments 17–94 mmol·l−1. 1. During hyperglycemia, the glucose concentration in endproximal tubular fluid was elevated above that in arterial plasma. At plasma concentrations above 60 mmol l−1 intratubular glucose concentration was found to be about 1.2 times higher than in plasma. 2. At endproximal puncture sites TF/Posmol was unity throughout the investigated range of hyperglycemia. 3. Proximal tubular glucose reabsorption during hyperglycemia is close to saturation which is compatible to aK m=10.8 mmol l−1 as determined previously. 4. Passive glucose permeability does not change during hyperglycemia. The permeability constant of 2.03·10−5 cm·s−1 does not differ significantly from that during normoglycemia, 1.9·10−5 cm·s−1. 5. Single nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR) and fluid reabsorption in the proximal convolution (C) were significantly correlated during hyperglycemia (r=0.78,P〈0.001). Fractional volume reabsorption during hyperglycemia was decreased to 0.36 as compared to control, but during hyperglycemia it was not affected by the magnitude of the glucose plasma concentration. 6. During hyperglycemia, proximal tubular glucose reabsorption (TG) was correlated to SNGFR (r=0.64,P〈0.001). This relation became insignificant when the influence of volume reabsorption (C) is controlled for (r=0.17,P〉0.5). However, the significance of the correlation between TG and C persists when the influence of SNGFR is held constant. 7. Calculations indicate that when glucose reabsorption was doubled, et sodium transport was increased about fourfold. 8. In hyperglycemia, renal transport rate (TG), when factored by renal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) seems to be linearly related to glucose plasma concentration. Up to endproximal puncture site 25.5% and by the entire kidney 68.2% of the tubular glucose load were reabsorbed. The difference may be attributed either to glucose transport systems which are localized distal to the proximal convoluted tubules and/or to an inhomogenity of the glucose transport in the different types of nephrons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00589512
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  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in the glomerular filtration rate after unilateral nephrectomy in rats (1980)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 385 (1980), S. 161-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Glomerular filtration rate ; Unilateral nephrectomy ; Compensatory hypertrophy ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Changes in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were studied in rats, 4 h to 4 weeks after unilateral nephrectomy (NX). The GFR was determined with a technique using51Cr-EDTA and a single timed blood sample. The GFR determined in this way corresponded with the GFR calculated by two compartment analysis and with the plasma levels of creatinine and urea. Increases in the GFR, compared with half the GFR of sham operated rats, were observed as early as 4 h after NX. This increase was entirely due to an increase in the GFR per gram of kidney, since no increase in kidney weight was observed at that time. After the initial increase, the GFR remained at that level during the first 48 h after NX. At 48 h a significant increase in kidney weight per 100 g body weight had taken place. The longterm changes in the GFR amounted to an increase of about 80% of that of sham operated rats after 3–4 weeks. After 4 weeks, the increase in the GFR of the remaining kidney was due to an increase in kidney weight of 35% as well as an increase in the GFR per gram of kidney of 20%. These data indicate that the increase in the GFR of the remaining kidney after unilateral NX occurs rapidly and is independent of an increase in kidney weight. Compensatory hypertrophy develops at a later stage and helps to maintain the increased function of the single remaining kidney.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588697
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  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hepatic vein catheterization in the rat (1980)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 387 (1980), S. 67-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Hepatic vein ; Catheterization ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A procedure for catheterization of a right hepatic vein is described in the rat. The procedure is based on the observation that, when the posterior half of the body is bent to the left, a right hepatic vein is aligned with the axis of anterior vena cava and posterior vena cava. A catheter, inserted in the right jugular vein and fitted with a rectilinear mandrel, is guided into the right auricle, the suprahepatic segment of posterior vena cava and a right hepatic vein. Successful catheterization of a right hepatic vein has been obtained in 47 out of 50 animals in which the procedure has been performed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00580846
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  • 37
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    Electronic Resource
    Increase in plasma renin activity, water intake and blood pressure following application and reapplication of a renal artery clip (1980)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 385 (1980), S. 211-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Rat ; Renal hypertension ; Plasma renin activity ; Water intake ; Declipping ; Reclipping ; Converting enzyme inhibitor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Application of a renal artery clip in rats with an undisturbed contralateral kidney caused a sustained increase in blood pressure and a transient rise of plasma renin activity and water intake. The response of blood pressure, plasma renin activity and water intake was augmented after reapplication of the clip to normotensive declipped rats (renal hypertensive rats, from which the clip had been removed 24 h before the reapplication). The time-course of the changes of blood pressure, plasma renin activity and water intake were similar after the initial application as after reapplication of the clip. Administration of an inhibitor (SQ 14.225) of the converting enzyme abolished the increase in blood pressure and water intake after reapplication of the clip. These data indicate a critical role of renin in the rise of blood pressure and water intake after initial application of a renal artery clip as well as after reapplication of the clip to declipped rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00647459
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  • 38
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    Electronic Resource
    Effect of feeding a high protein diet on solute-coupled water absorption from rat colon (1980)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 388 (1980), S. 165-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Colon ; Water absorption ; Electrolyte absorption ; High protein diet ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Using an in vivo sac technique, net transport of water, Na, Cl and K was studied in the colon ascendens of rats fed either a high carbohydrate (HC) or high protein (HP) diet, since water intake is elevated in HP-rats. The ligated colon sacs were filled with isotonic Krebs-Henseleit solution. Net Na and Cl absorption rates related to 1 g intestinal dry weight were 46% and 30% higher in HP-rats compared with HC-rats. Net water absorption in HP-rats exceeded that in HC-rats by 115%. Therefore the ratio between net water absorption and net absorption of solutes was higher in HP-rats than in HC-rats, and thus the hypertonicity of the absorbate was lower in the HP-rats. There was a net secretion of K in both groups of rats to about the same extent. Experiments with22Na indicate that the increased net Na absorption in HP-rats was due to an increased unidirectional Na transport from the lumen to the blood side of the colon. The group difference in the ratio between net absorption of water and solutes might be a manifestation of regulatory mechanism controlling intestinal water absorption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00584123
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  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of tubuloglomerular feedback adaptation to acute and chronic changes in body fluid volume (1980)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 387 (1980), S. 39-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Rat ; Micropuncture ; Tubuloglomerular feedback ; DOCA-salt treatment ; Extracellular volume
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Experiments were performed in anesthetized rats to investigate the time course of the adaptive changes in tubuloglomerular feedback reactivity and juxtaglomerular renin activity induced by DOCA and NaCl loading (isotonic saline as drinking fluid plus daily injections of 25 mg/kg DOCA). In these DOCA escaped rats we studied further the effect of acute volume depletion and repletion on the magnitude of feedback responses. A significant reduction of feedback reactivity was found on the fifth day after starting the DOCA-salt treatment with maximum depression being established after two weeks. In contrast, significant reduction of juxtaglomerular renin content required 10 days and maximum depression three weeks of DOCA-salt administration. In DOCA-salt treated animals with severely curtailed feedback responses acute volume depletion was induced by a single injection of furosemide (10 mg/kg) leading to an excretion of 0.49 ±0.17 mEq sodium and a mean decrease of body weight of 2.17±0.22% over a period of 60–70 min. Mean feedback response (expressed as percent change of early proximal flow rate caused by elevating loop of Henle flow rate from zero to 40 nl/min) was −43.9 ±4.0%, significantly greater than in the pre-depletion phase and indistinguishable from responses seen in normal control rats. Repletion of extracellular volume by infusing HCO3-Ringer solution over 20 min induced a reduction in feedback responsivity to −12.0±2.9%. Plasma and juxtaglomerular renin concentration increased with volume depletion and decreased with volume repletion, but remained considerably lower than observed in normal control rats. Our results suggest that the tubuloglomerular feedback system responds to acute alterations in extracellular volume with rapid adaptations in its reactivity which is consistent with its role in the control of sodium excretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00580842
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  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Secretin and VIP-stimulated adenylate cyclase from rat heart (1980)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 389 (1980), S. 21-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Secretin ; Vasoactive intestinal peptide ; Glucagon ; Isoproterenol ; Adenylate cyclase ; Heart ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Membrane adenylate cyclase from rat heart was activated by the two gut peptides secretin and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), glucagon, and the β-adrenergic drug isoproterenol, in the presence of guanosine 5′-triphosphate (GTP). With all the stimuli tested, the optimal magnesium concentration was 5 mM, i.e. in excess over the 0.5 mM ATP substrate concentration and 0.01 mM GTP used as cofactor. Under these conditions, half-maximal adenylate cyclase activation with glucagon, secretin, and VIP was achieved at concentrations of 0.5, 0.5 and 1.0 μM, respectively. Data obtained with the secretin (7–27) fragment, a secretin antagonist, indicate that secretin and VIP acted on the same binding sites, which differed from glucagon binding sites. Structural requirements for secretin activation of cardiac adenylate cyclase were evaluated by comparing the potency and efficacy of parent peptides and synthetic analogs. The gastric inhibitory peptide GIP was inactive. When using 13 mono-or bi-substituted analogs, it appeared that amino acids in positions 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 were of major importance while those in position 5 and 11 played a relatively minor role.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00587924
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  • 41
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxygen supply of the brain cortex (rat) during severe hypoglycemia (1980)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 387 (1980), S. 121-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Local tissuepO2 ; Hypoglycemia ; Brain cortex ; ECoG ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Oxygen supply of the brain cortex together with changes in the electrocorticogram (ECoG) were investigated during and after insulin induced hypoglycemia in 13 anaesthetized rats. Local oxygen partial pressures (pO2) on the parietal cortex were continuously measured with a multiwire surface electrode of the Clark type. During early hypoglycemia with a mean arterial glucose concentration [G]a of 2.81 (SD ±0.40) mmol/l, the local tissuepO2 did not change significantly as compared to thepO2 values recorded during the control period with a normal [G]a of 4.51 (SD±0.70) mmol/l. During severe hypoglycemia at a [G]a of 1.39 (SD±0.2) mmol/l,pO2 began to increase continuously on all 104 measuring sites, independently of changes in arterial blood pressure and ECoG. During a period of 7–18 min of isoelectricity, tissuepO2 remained elevated so long as blood pressure did not decrease. After injection of a 25% glucose solution,pO2 gradually decreased to control values within 30–60 min in most experiments. We conclude from these results that oxygen supply is generally improved during severe hypoglycemia. We assume that the increase in tissuepO2 is mainly caused by an increase in microflow. Thus, the neuronal damage occurring after severe hypoglycemia, as reported in literature, cannot primarily be caused by an oxygen deficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00584262
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  • 42
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acid base status in unanesthetized, unrestrained guinea pigs (1980)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 384 (1980), S. 93-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Guinea pig ; Rat ; Anesthesia ; Chronic cannulation ; Blood acid-base status
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Acid-base status of arterial blood was measured in chronically cannulated, unanesthetized, unrestrained guinea pigs. Normal values were: pH=7.444±0.032,PaCO2=35.7±4.4; HCO 3 − =24.4±2.8; BE=+0.4±2.1 (n=69) andPaO2=91.9±7.3 (n=25) (Values are mean±S.D.). Induction of light anesthesia with thiopentone caused a respiratory depression (decrease inPaO2) accompanied by respiratory acidosis (increase inPaCO2 and decrease in pH) and a development of slight metabolic acidosis (decrease in base excess and standard bicarbonate). Acid base parameters of guinea pigs are compared to those obtained from rats under identical experimental conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00589520
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  • 43
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Firing characteristics of neurons mediating optokinetic responses to rat's vestibular neurons (1980)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 386 (1980), S. 221-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Optokinetic system ; Pretectum ; Visual vestibular convergence ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract 1) The responses of single units in the pretectum (Pt) and in the n. reticularis tegmenti pontis (NRTP) to constant velocity horizontal rotation (0.25–60 deg/s) of a large-field visual pattern were studied in immobilized, non-anesthetized DA-HAN rats. In addition, responses of Pt and NRTP neurons to pure vestibular stimuli (rotation in the dark) were studied. 2) Pt neurons showed seven response types to optokinetic stimulation (Table 1). The most frequent response (48%) consisted of a very rapid increase in firing to steady state on temporonasal motion stimulation of the contralateral eye; nasotemporal stimuli yielded no change in resting rate as did stimulation of the ipsilateral eye. The response maximum occurred at a retinal slip velocity of 1 deg/s. None of the Pt units tested responded to pure vestibular stimuli. 3) NRTP neurons — as Pt units — most frequently (43%) increased their discharge rate on temporonasal stimulation of the contralateral eye and maintained a constant resting rate during nasotemporal motion. Peak response amplitudes also occurred with retinal slip velocities of 1 deg/s. Contrary to the fast time-to-peak of the responses of Pt neurons NRTP units showed a slow rise in frequency of firing to peak response levels. 4) NRTP neurons responded to pure vestibular stimuli (horizontal angular acceleration in the dark). The vestibular responses were synergistic with those evoked in the same neurons by optokinetic stimuli. Thus, the most frequently encountered type of optokinetic response (s. above) showed a type II vestibular response. 5) Comparison of OKN and Vn optokinetic responses with those of Pt and NRTP suggests that the unidirectional-selective Pt and NRTP neurons are important links in the central optokinetic path. In addition, the NRTP may represent the site at which the retinal slip signal and the eye velocity signal converge. This convergence has been postulated in models of the system [12].
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00587472
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  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine on the development of tolerance to ethanol (1980)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 67 (1980), S. 143-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Ethanol ; Tolerance ; 5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine ; 5-HT ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract 5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) or the vehicle was administered once into both lateral ventricles of the rat. Desmethylimipramine (DMI) was administered IP prior to the intraventricular injection of 5,7-DHT to prevent the destruction of norepinephrine (NE) terminals. Following recovery from surgery, ethanol (5 g/kg, PO) or isocaloric sucrose was given daily for 25 days. Tests at 5-day intervals showed that chronic ethanol treatment produced tolerance to the motor impairment on the moving belt test and to hypothermic effects of ethanol. The 5,7-DHT treatment did not alter either the motor impairment or hypothermia produced by the initial dose of ethanol. However, 5,7-DHT treatment produced a 75% depletion of brain serotonin (5-HT) without altering NE concentration and retarded the development of tolerance to ethanol in both measurements. This study with a specific central depletor of 5-HT, without alteration in NE concentration, extends and supports our hypothesis that brain 5-HT modulates the development of tolerance to ethanol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431969
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  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Following several days of continuous administration d-amphetamine acquires hallucinogenlike properties (1980)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 68 (1980), S. 197-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Continuous amphetamine ; Hallucinogens ; Limb flicks ; Shakes ; Grooming ; Model psychosis ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Rats injected with LSD or mescaline show the behavioral syndrome which has been previously reported following injections of hallucinogens in higher mammals: limb flicks and whole body shakes. Although these behaviors are not elicited by acute injections of amphetamine, they are present in rats which have been pretreated for 108 h with a slow-release amphetamine pellet, given a 12h rest period, and then injected with d-amphetamine. Such pellet-pretreated animals also groom their body surface excessively. We propose that this novel syndrome which follows continuous amphetamine administration can serve as an animal model of the type of amphetamine psychosis that is produced by a similar drug regimen in humans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00432141
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  • 46
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    An observational method for quantifying the behavioural effects of dopamine agonists: Contrasting effects of d-Amphetamine and apomorphine (1980)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 69 (1980), S. 253-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Rating scales ; Photocell activity cages ; Measurement ; Stereotypy ; d-Amphetamine ; Apomorphine ; Dopamine ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A novel means of measuring and analysing behavioural effects of dopamine agonists is described and illustrated by a comparison of the effects of d-amphetamine and apomorphine in the rat. d-Amphetamine (0–15 mg/kg IP) produced significant dose- and time-dependent changes in responses such as locomotion, rearing and sniffing, but not in licking or gnawing. In contrast, apomorphine (0–5 mg/kg SC) produced significant increases in licking and gnawing, as well as in locomotion and sniffing, but no changes in rearing. The results are discussed in comparison with those obtained by other methods, such as photocell beam interruptions or stereotypy rating scales, and may be of importance in elucidating the functions of the forebrain dopamine projections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00433091
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  • 47
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    Electronic Resource
    Differential effects of naloxone against the diazepam-induced release of behavior in rats in three aversive situations (1980)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 69 (1980), S. 101-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Diazepam ; Naloxone ; Behavioral inhibition ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of naloxone on diazepam-induced release of behavior in aversive situations were investigated in rats. Naloxone (0.5 and 1 mg/kg-1) suppressed diazepam-induced eating in an unfamiliar situation and reduced (1 mg/kg-1) spontaneous food intake. Naloxone (1 mg/kg-1) canceled the increased lever pressing produced by diazepam in a conflict procedure in which one electric shock was delivered at each seventh press. Naloxone (1 mg/kg-1) failed to reverse the enhanced responding for food induced by diazepam in the presence of a signal previously paired with electric foot shocks. In this situation, naloxone alone reinforced the behavioral suppression. These results suggest that transmission mediated by opiate peptides may be involved in only some ‘disinhibitory’ effects of benzodiazepines. In addition, such a peptidergic transmission may play a role in the control of stress-induced behavioral suppression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00426529
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  • 48
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A technique for in vivo and in vitro studies on the preserved and transplanted rat kidney (1980)
    Springer
    Urological research 8 (1980), S. 107-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Kidney transplantation ; Rat ; Renal ischaemia ; Renal preservation ; Microsurgical technique
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A modified technique for preservation and transplantation of rat kidneys, allowing precise control of the periods of warm and cold ischaemia, is presented. The donor kidney is placed in a continuously cooled micropuncture cup during the insertion. End-to-end anastomosis of arteries and veins is performed. The technique causes negligible circulatory changes on restoration of the blood flow. Eighty-nine consecutive transplantations are analysed. Complications from the vascular anastomoses occurred in 6% (5/89). In 53 survival experiments complications from the ureteric anastomoses occurred in 9% (5/53). The methodological scatter was small, with a distinct difference in the serum creatinine course and mortality of recipients obtaining kidneys subjected to cold is chaemia for different lengths of time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00271437
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  • 49
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of an (n, α) nuclear reaction to study the long-distance transport of boron in trifolium repens after foliar application (1980)
    Springer
    Planta 150 (1980), S. 197-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Boron ; Foliar nutrition ; Nuclear reactions ; Transport (boron) ; Trifolium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The growth of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) is severely inhibited by boron starvation, but a foliar treatment with boric acid can transitorily alleviate the deficiency symptoms. The 10B(n ,α)7 Li nuclear reaction has been used to study boron transport in the plant after foliar application. More than 98% of the boron supplied remained at the point where it was applied to the leaves, and less than 2% was useful to the growth of the treated plant. This small “efficient” portion of boron was quite mobile. It was distributed to the different parts of the plant, then was transferred from the oldest parts to the newly formed leaves. Physiological and agronomical implications of these data are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00390826
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  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metrazol produces conditioned taste aversion in rats (1980)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 68 (1980), S. 257-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Metrazol ; Conditioned taste aversion ; Rat ; Two bottle test preference ; Saccharin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Employing a two bottle drinking procedure where an animal's preference is measured between plain water and a novel fluid, it was found that the convulsant drug Metrazol produced a conditioned taste aversion to saccharin. This finding is contrary to that of previous reports and highlights the sensitivity of the two bottle method in detecting a taste aversion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428112
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  • 51
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of diphenylhydantoin on rat behavior (1980)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 69 (1980), S. 183-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: DPH ; Genral activity ; Stereotypy ; Supersensitivity ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Animals were administered increasing doses of diphenylhydantoin (DPH) for 20 days. During withdrawal they were observed in an open field. The results suggest that chronic DPH administration leads to a central supersensitivity phenomenon. Possible interference of DPH with dopaminergic systems was discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427647
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  • 52
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    Electronic Resource
    Mesenterico-caval shunt in rats (1980)
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 177 (1980), S. 79-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Mesenterico-caval shunt ; Microsurgical procedure ; Patency rate ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A microsurgical technique for mesenterico-caval shunting in the rat is described. The method results in a portal blood drainage from the upper abdominal contents whereas the blood of the mesenteric vein is shunted to the inferior caval vein. Controls were undertaken after 1 and 3 weeks, either visually or radiologically. Twenty-two of 26 surviving animals showed patency of the shunt. All animals had undisturbed blood supply to the portal stump.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01851635
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  • 53
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    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 1 (1980) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970010101
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  • 54
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tubulin nucleation and assembly in mitotic cells: Evidence for nucleic acids in kinetochores and centrosomes (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 1 (1980), S. 1-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: centrosomes ; kinetochores ; microtubule initiation ; nuclease enzymes ; electron microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A lysed cell system was used to study the organelle structure and nucleation of exogenous tubulin at kinetochores and centrosomes in mitotic PtK2 cells. We have used this lysed cell system in conjunction with nuclease digestion experiments to determine which specific nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) are involved in either the structure and/or microtubule-initiating capacity of kinetochores and centrosomes. The results indicate that DNase I specifically decondenses the kinetochore plate structure, with the eventual loss in the ability of the chromosomes to nucleate microtubule assembly. DNase I had no effect on either the structure or nucleating capacity of centrosomes. Both RNase T1 and RNase A specifically attacked the amorphous pericentriolar material of the centrosomes, with a concomitant loss in the ability of this material to nucleate microtubule formation. Neither RNase appeared to affect the structure or nucleating capacity of the kinetochore. Therefore, the two types of nucleases appear to exert preferential effects on the different types of microtubule initiation sites in mitotic mammalian cells. The results suggest that DNA is a major component of the kinetochore, while RNA is a major component of the amorphous pericentriolar material. These findings support the concept that microtubule initiation sites in mitotic cells contain nucleic acids which are essential for the structural and functional integrity of the sites.
    Additional Material: 45 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970010102
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  • 55
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    Electronic Resource
    Redistribution of actin and fascin in sea urchin eggs after fertilization (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 1 (1980), S. 31-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: actin ; fascin ; actin cross-linking proteins ; fertilization ; microvilli ; sea urchin eggs ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Following fertilization, the sea urchin egg cortex undergoes a structural change involving the assembly and organization of actin filaments into microvilli. Antifascin localizes this actin cross-linking protein in the microvilli of the fertilized egg cortex but no organized staining is present in the unfertilized cortex. Determination of the actin content of eggs using the DNAase I inhibition assay indicates that actin is about 1.4% of the total protein. Approximately 90% of this actin is soluble in low calcium isotonic extracts of unfertilized eggs while only 60-65% can be recovered in identical extracts of fertilized eggs. Similar measurements for fascin using a radioimmunoassay indicate this molecule represents about 0.3% of the total egg protein, essentially all of which is recovered in low calcium isotonic extracts of unfertilized eggs. After fertilization only 65-70% of this actin cross-linking protein is in the soluble phase. These results demonstrate a markedly different solubility for actin and fascin after fertilization, when the indirect immunofluorescence staining localizes fascin in the microvilli, and are consistent with the idea that fascin organizes newly polymerized actin filaments into the microvillar cores. A consideration of the amounts of actin and fascin incorporated into the cortex after fertilization and the number of microvilli on the egg surface indicates that the measured values are sufficient to account for the observed microvillar elongation.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970010104
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  • 56
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    Control by calcium of the contractility of Labyrinthula slimeways and of the translocation of Labyrinthula cells (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 1 (1980), S. 17-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Ca-ion ; Labyrinthula ; contraction ; glycerination ; Ca-reservoir ; cell movement ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Colonies of Labyrinthula, a colonial marine protist, expand by protrusive movements of the specialized slimeways. The movements recorded in time-lapse films are of two types - filopodial and lamellipodial - and occur at rates equivalent to those of cell translocation.Evidence is presented that Ca2+ regulates the contraction of the actomyosin system of filaments present in the slimeways of Labyrinthula. In glycerinated models or in colonies exposed to ionophore A23187 contraction is evidenced by the occurrence of periodic contractions of the slimeways, giving them the appearance of strings of beads. Glycerinated slimeways contract on the addition of Ca2+ and ATP while slimeways provided with ionophore A23187 contract on addition of Ca2+ alone. The concentration required is 1.1 × 10-7 M Ca2+ while concentrations of 6.2 × 10-8 or lower were ineffective. Rates of contraction were measured in time-lapse films which provide evidence that contractions and beading occur everywhere in the slimeway system. When beading occurs, the 6-nm filaments transform from an array of parallel single filaments into an interwoven meshwork.We have identified by pyroantimonate-OsO4 fixation, as possible Ca2+ reservoirs, deposits of Ca2+ in bothrosomes - structures through which cell secretions pass into the slimeways. The electron-dense deposits are located at the base of the bothrosome and disappear after incubation with EGTA. We propose that the translocation of cells as well as the movements of slimeways may be regulated by the cells through the local measured liberation of Ca2+ from the bothrosome where it is sequestered.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970010103
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  • 57
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    An analysis of spindle ultrastructure during anaphase of micronuclear division in Tetrahymena (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 1 (1980), S. 41-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: mitosis ; mitotic spindle ; kinetochore ; microtubule ; micronucleus ; Tetrahymena ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Mitotic micronuclei were isolated from Tetrahymena thermophila and data on spindle ultrastructure were obtained from serial, transverse sections. Comparison of data from nuclei at meta- and early anaphase with data from nuclei at late anaphase showed that during anaphase, sister kinetochores move from the equator to the spindle poles, but kinetochore translocation occurs without any apparent change in either the number or length of kinetochore microtubules. This unprecedented result is ascribed significance with regard to the mechanism of kinetochore transport since there are only a limited number of ways that result could be achieved. The organization of the peripheral sheath changes during anaphase as evidenced by gaps in the sheath at late anaphase. Numerous kinetochore and non-kinetochore microtubules are located in polar regions of the spindle at late anaphase, whereas those regions contained only peripherally arranged microtubules at earlier stages. Tracking of individual kinetochore microtubules in late anaphase nuclei showed that some of them appeared to become incorporated into the peripheral sheath near the pole. At early and late anaphase, crossbridges connect adjacent microtubules throughout the spindle poleward to the kinetochores, as well as in the interzone.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970010105
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    Physarum myosin light chain binds calcium (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 1 (1980), S. 63-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Physarum polycephalum ; myosin light chains ; polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ; calcium ; cytoplasmic streaming ; actomyosin ATPase regulation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Myosin from the slime mold Physarum polycephalum contains three sizes of polypeptides: a heavy chain and two light chains, LC-1 and LC-2. Using a simple qualitative test for calcium binding by comparing electrophoretic migration of the polypeptides in sodium dodecy1 sulfate (SDS) acrylamide gels in the presence and absence of calcium, we have found that Physarum myosin light chain LC-2 migrates with an apparent molecular weight of 16,900 daltons in the presence of the metal ion chelator ethylene glycol bis (B-aminoethyl ether) N,N′-tetraacetic acid (EGTA). However, if calcium chloride is added to the sample prior to electrophoresis, the apparent molecular weight decreases to 16,100. Lanthanide and cadmium ions, but not magnesium, can substitute for calcium. Because the ionic radii of Ca2+, La3+, and Cd2+ are almost identical, we conclude that Physarum myosin LC-2 possesses a very size-specific binding site for calcium. Physarum myosin LC-1 and the heavy chain give no evidence for binding calcium by this test. Since cytoplasmic streaming in the plasmodium of Physarum requires calcium, our evidence indicates that the calcium-binding property of Physarum myosin LC-2 may be important in regulating the production of force by actomyosin in the ectoplasm. Unexpectedly, the myosin light chain in Physarum capable of binding calcium, LC-2, is the essential light chain, while LC-1 is a member of the regulatory class of myosin light chains [V. T. Nachmias, personal communication]. Until now, essential myosin light chains have not been shown to have high affinity divalent cation binding sites. This means a new version of the myosin-based model for actomyosin regulation by calcium may be required to explain cytoplasmic movement in Physarum, and perhaps in other motile systems involving cytoplasmic myosins as well.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970010106
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    The role of the extracellular matrix in cell motility in fibroblast aggregates (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 1 (1980), S. 99-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: cell motility ; extracellular matrix ; collagen ; glycosaminogly cans ; collagenase ; hyaluronidase ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The effect of specific components of the extracellular matrix on the motility of tissue cells was studied using organ-cultured aggregates of embryonic fibroblasts. Spherical aggregates of chick embryo heart and skin fibroblasts were fused with [3H]-thymidine-labeled aggregates of the identical cell type. The movement of labeled cells into the unlabeled partner aggregate served as an estimate of cell motility in the cultured tissue-like aggregates. Collagenase treatment decreased the collagen content of heart fibroblast aggregates and increased cell motility; ascorbic acid treatment increased the collagen content of skin fibroblast aggregates and decreased cell motility. Reduction of the glycosaminoglycan content with testicular hyaluronidase had no measurable effect on cell motility in heart fibroblast aggregates.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970010108
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  • 60
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    Identification of genetic elements associated with muscle structure in the nematode caenorhabditis elegans (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 1 (1980), S. 73-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: nematodes ; muscle structure ; mutants ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A search for new mutants with altered body-wall muscle cell structure has been undertaken in the nematode C elegans. One-hundred seventeen mutants were isolated after mutagenesis with ethyl methanesulfonate or ultraviolet light, enrichment by a motility-requiring test, and screening by polarized light microscopy; 102 of these mutants were in ten previously established genes, whereas 15 mutants permitted the identification of seven new complementation groups in C elegans. Two of the new genes map on linkage group I (unc-94 and unc-95) and four genes are sex linked (unc-96, unc-97, unc-98, and unc-99). One complementation group (unc-100) could not be mapped because of the special characteristics of its cohort mutants. Representative mutants of the mapped genes were examined by polarized light and electron microscopy. All of the mutants exhibit disruptions of the normal A and I band organization of thick and thin filaments. Several of the mutants produce collections of thin filament-like structures. In one of these cases, HE177 demonstrated collections of somewhat wider, intermediate-sized filaments as well, and the HE195 mutant produces paracrystalline aggregates of thin filaments amidst looser arrangements of similar structures. The mutants in newly identified genes, as well as the new mutants in previously established genetic loci, have promise as tools in the study of myofibrillar assembly and function. Among the 22 complementation groups associated with body-wall structure in C elegans, it is likely that some genes code for regulatory and morphogenetic functions in addition to the well-studied structural, contractile, and calcium-associated proteins in muscle.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970010107
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    Tubulin content and synthesis in differentiating drosophila cells in culture (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 1 (1980), S. 113-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: tubulin ; Drosophila ; β-ecdysterne ; differentiating ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Drosophila Kc cells exposed to physiological doses of the moulting hormone, β-ecdysone, elongate, become motile, and subsequently aggregate. This pattern of morphogenesis was found to require the assembly of a microtubular cytoskeleton. Tubulin content was significantly increased in hormone-treated cells when compared to controls, as measured by a 3H-colchicine-binding assay. However, determinations of rates of tubulin synthesis and breakdown revealed no difference between control and hormone-treated cells for either parameter. When tubulin content was assayed by methods that do not depend on colchicine-binding activity, no difference between hormone-treated and control cells was observed. These results are discussed in terms of a model in which β-ecdysone affects the distribution of tubulin in “assembly-active” and “assembly-inactive” pools.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970010109
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    Meeting report (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 1 (1980), S. 159-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970010112
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    The formation and elongation of filopodia during transformation of sea urchin coelomocytes (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 1 (1980), S. 131-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: sea urchin coelomocytes ; motility ; filopodial formation and elongation ; ciné film analysis ; scanning electron microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Sea urchin coelomocytes were examined during their morphological transformation from petaloid to filopodial forms by scanning electron microscopy and ciné film analysis. Petaloid coelomocytes have a variable morphology but, in general, consist of numerous thin sheets of cytoplasm, the petals, arranged in three dimensions around a central nuclear region. The transition to the filopodial form can occur in either substrate-attached or suspended cells and begins with the formation of several microspikes at the edge of each petal. These become more apparent as the cytoplasm between each microspike/filopodium is retracted centripetally. Concomitantly, the diameter of the flattened cell is increased by as much as twofold as the filopodia actively lengthen at a uniform, average rate of 0.5 μm/minute. The transformation process requires ca 15 minutes and is complete when the cell diameter no longer increases. These filopodia are functionally distinct from the passively produced retraction fibers observed in cultured mammalian cells. The formation of filopodia is biphasic and includes both a cytoplasmic retraction phase and an active extension phase.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970010110
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    Invited review: Guidance cue patterns and cell migration in muiticeliuiar organisms (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 1 (1980), S. 141-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: axon guidance ; chemotaxis ; haptotaxis substrate pathways ; development ; pattern biology ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In multicellular organisms, guidance cues are either diffusible molecules or cellular or extracellular surfaces that are found in reproducible locations and that orient migrating cells and cell processes. The pattern of the guidance cues usually determines the complex in vivo migration routes of motile cells and cell processes. Within organisms, guidance cues are found to be organized in two general patterns: (a) broad gradients - such as diffuse chemotactic gradients; (b) discrete routes (substrate pathways) - such as chemotactic gradients confined to long channels, and such as the axon surface which represents a long specific highway for migrating Schwann cells.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970010111
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    Announcement (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 1 (1980), S. 163-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970010113
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    Statement of purpose (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 1 (1980), S. 167-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970010114
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  • 67
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    The effect of short term incubation in vitro on the RNA content of regenerating mouse epidermis (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 196 (1980), S. 349-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effect of short term incubation in vitro on RNA content in regenerating and normal epidermis has been investigated. Regenerating mouse epidermis was incubated for three hours, either attached to its underlying dermis or by itself, in either buffered sucrose or Roswell Park Memorial Institute culture medium at 26°C or at 37°C. There is a significant loss of RNA when regenerating epidermis is incubated without being attached to its underlying dermis, at either 26°C or 37°C, although there was little loss of DNA, good incorporation of (3H) orotic acid into RNA, as well as good preservation of epidermal histological details. In contrast, when regenerating epidermis was incubated attached to its dermis, little loss of RNA occurred. Similarly, incubating normal epidermis attached to its dermis results in no loss of RNA. These conditions also result in no significant loss of DNA, good incorporation of (3H) orotic acid into RNA, and preservation of epidermal histological details.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091960311
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    American association of anatomists. Pages 1A-50A (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 196 (1980), S. A1 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstracts of papers presented at the 93rd meeting of the American Association of Anatomists a t Omaha under the sponsorship of the University of Nebraska School of Medicine, April 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, and May 1, 1980.The abstracts are listed in alphabetical sequence by senior author as follows: scientific papers from platform, poster presentation, or motion picture demonstration; special sessions on history and stereoprojection; and papers by title.Names of authors who are guests of the Association are marked with an asterisk. In addition, the letter “G” following the number of the paper and the term “sponsored by” is used to denote a graduate student presentation by an individual in hislher terminal year of graduate study, sponsored by hislher major professor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091960313
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    American association of anatomists. Pages 151A-200A (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 196 (1980), S. A151 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091960316
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  • 70
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    Heterogeneity of the MtTW15 mammosomatotropic tumor. II. Characterization of parenchymal cells by superimposition immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 196 (1980), S. 301-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Large MtTW15 tumors, which secrete growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL), are composed of ovoid, elongated, and angular cells which demonstrated interdigitating processes and junctional complexes. The majority of the cells were essentially agranular, but two types of granulated cells were identifiable. One class of granulated cells contained moderate to sparse populations of round dense-cored granules measuring up to 250 nm in diameter. Rod-shaped to filamentous mitochondria with an electron-dense matrix were characteristic of a second class of granulated cells with pleomorphic granules of various sizes and electron densities. Images of exocytotic release of the round dense-cored granules were frequently seen, but were not observed with the pleomorphic granules, many of which were judged to be lysosomes. Superimposition immunocytochemistry revealed hormones only in the granulated cells with round to ovoid granules. Morphometry indicated that hormone specific subpopulations of tumor cells can be identified since PRL secretory granules were significantly smaller than GH secretory granules (149 ± 6 nm for PRL versus 221 ± 9 nm for GH, P 〈 0.001). The vast majority of immunopositive cells contained only GH or PRL, but a few were observed containing both hormones. Ovoid to irregular-shaped nuclei, large lipid inclusions, numerous free ribosomes and polyribosomes, moderate development of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and prominent Golgi profiles were characteristics of all cell types. Irrespective of the presence or absence of cytoplasmic granular elements, particles resembling viruses were encountered in many tumor cells, and these frequently appeared to be budding into the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091960306
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    Developing innervation of the chick heart: A histofluorescence and light microscopic study of sympathetic innervation (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 196 (1980), S. 333-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The available descriptions of the development of sympathetic innervation of the chick heart conflict with the known sympathetic innervation of the adult chicken heart. The adult heart is innervated by bilateral sympathetic cardiac nerves originating from the first thoracic sympathetic ganglia. These nerves travel lateral and anterior to the lung and join the vagi just before entering the pericardium along the great vessels. Using catecholamine histofluorescence techniques and silver preparations, we have observed the development of the sympathetic cardiac nerves. The sympathetic cardiac nerves arise from the first thoracic sympathetic ganglia on the 7th day of incubation. They grow lateral and then ventral to the developing lungs to join the vagi, and are found in the bulbar region of the heart and atrium on the 10th day of incubation. Fluorescent cells without processes mark the course of the sympathetic cardiac nerves and are present in the bulbar region on the 10th day and thereafter. Sympathetic ganglion cells lose their fluorescence between day 8 and day 16 of incubation. This is presumably due to dilution of the transmitter in the rapidly increasing volume of cytoplasm in the sprouting neurons. Small intensely fluorescent (SIF) and adrenal medullary cells do not undergo a diminution of fluorescence during this period. SIF cells appear well differentiated at 16 days.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091960309
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    Extracellular spaces of the rat pars intermedia as outlined by lanthanum tracer (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 196 (1980), S. 355-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The extracellular spaces of the rat pars intermedia were examined after perfusion with fixative containing lanthanum. The tracer reveals complex and extensive interdigitations among secretory cells. Spaces appear continuous with extracellular “channels” between the epithelial cells lining the hypophyseal cleft. Some suggestion for close contiguity between endocrine cells was present as “narrowing” or discontinuous areas within lanthanum-filled spaces. Extracellular regions surrounding nerve fibers and terminals appear continuous with the spaces between secretory cells. Areas between cells are thought to provide access to vascular and local neurotransmitter input, as well as to provide an extensive area for extrusion of peptide hormones and endogeneous opiates.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091960312
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    American association of anatomists. Pages 51A-100A (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 196 (1980), S. A51 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091960314
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    American association of anatomists. Pages 101A-150A (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 196 (1980), S. A101 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091960315
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    American association of anatomists. Pages 201A-257A (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 196 (1980), S. A201 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091960317
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  • 76
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    Secretory mechanisms of human ceruminous glands: A transmission and scanning electron microscopic study (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 196 (1980), S. 363-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Two secretory mechanisms (eccrine and apocrine) were observed by transmission and scanning electron microscopy in the same secretory cells of the human ceruminous glands.The eccrine secretion occurs as a typical exocytosis by fusion of the limiting membrane of the secretory granule with the apical plasmalemma. The apocrine secretion is more complex and takes place by sequential steps: bulging of the cellular apex into the lumen, constriction of the projection, and detachment of it from the cell. This mechanism generally causes the removal of the entire projection all at once by decapitation at its base; some variations of this process have been found, however, and are described in the present work.A double membrane, apparently separating the apical protrusion from the rest of the cell, is noticeable in our photographs. Nevertheless, even if this membrane is very similar to a demarcation layer, we consider it as an intercellular double membrane separating two obliquely sectioned cells.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091960402
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    A histochemical analysis of polyanionic compounds found in the extracellular matrix encountered by migrating cephalic neural crest cells (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 196 (1980), S. 401-412 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Neural crest cells destined to form craniofacial primordia initially are “seeded” into and subsequently migrate through the extracellular matrix (ECM) of a cell free space (CFS) between the surface ectoderm and the underlying mesoderm. Utilizing histochemical procedures for polyanionic compounds, we have demonstrated that both sulfated and nonsulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAG) are present in the CFS of the cephalic region of the chick embryo and that their distribution and structural organization vary with the passage of neural crest or mesodermally derived (MD) mesenchymal cells through it. In stages 7 and 8 embryos a predominance of fine filamentous strands composed primarily of nonsulfated, carboxyl-rich GAG is seen spanning intercellular spaces between adjacent tissues and MD mesenchymal cells. In older embryos (stages 9 and 10) much of the filamentous material is replaced by coarse fibrillar strands or amorphous material which coats the surfaces of MD mesenchymal and neural crest cells as they invade the CFS. Using enzymatic digestions (Streptomyces and testicular hyaluronidase) and the critical electrolyte concentration procedure, data suggest that the fine filamentous matrix onto which the neural crest cells migrate consists mainly of hyaluronate with lesser amounts of chondroitin and some sulfated GAG present. The coarse fibrillar matrix that appears after passage of either neural crest or MD mesenchymal cells through the original CFS contains strongly sulfated polyanionic material, predominantly chondroitin sulfates A, C. Since GAG is located ubiquitously within the ECM of embryos at various stages, the role of GAG, if any, in the transfer of developmental information may be of a general nature (ie, stimulus of motility) rather than of specific morphogenetic cues (for specific differentiation into craniofacial primordia).
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091960405
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  • 78
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    Serous cysts of the aging guinea pig ovary. III. Permeability of the cyst epithelium to lanthanum and horseradish peroxidase (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 197 (1980), S. 213-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The permeability of the epithelium lining serous cysts of the guinea pig ovary was examined using lanthanum and horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Both lanthanum and HRP introduced at the luminal surface of the cyst penetrated to the basal region filling caveolae in both lateral and basal cell surfaces. Within three minutes of vascular infusion of HRP, the tracer was detected between epithelial cells and in caveolae on their lateral and basal surfaces but not associated with intracellular organelles. There was no change in the intracellular distribution of HRP after ten minutes. It was concluded that the epithelium was permeable to the tracers within this time period but that pinocytosis and transport of these tracers through the epithelial cell were not demonstrated.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091970210
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    Masthead (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 197 (1980) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091970201
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  • 80
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    Effects of estrogen and androgen on the ultrastructure of secretory granules and intercellular junctions in regressed canine prostate (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 197 (1980), S. 111-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Epithelial cells in the prostate of the castrated or hypophysectomized dog were studied by thin-section and freeze-fracture electron microscopy to determine in vivo responses to estradiol-17β 17-cyclopentylpropionate (ECP) and testosterone cyclopentylpropionate (TCP). Particular attention was given to changes in specific organelles and intercellular junctions that might reflect hormone action. The few secretory granules that remain in the regressed epithelium (vestigial granules) serve as markers of prior androgen responsiveness. Pharmacologic doses of ECP caused regressed glandular cells to acquire a novel phenotype. Characteristic features of these estrogen-modified glandular (EMG) cells are newly formed secretory granules and tonofilament bundles that coexist with vestigial granules, thus demonstrating bipotentiality of response. Glandular cell-tight junctions appear unaltered by the endocrine manipulations. Although EMG cells have squamous cell features, tight junctions remain intact. Desmosomes in the canine prostate are dimorphic and are classified 70F and 100F according to the width of the filaments that converge on the dense plaques. In intact dogs, 100F desmosomes are associated with basal-reserve cells, whereas only the 70F variety is found between glandular cells. TCP treatment does not alter this distribution. Following ECP administration, both 70F and 100F desmosomes are present between EMG cells. The coexistence of newly formed secretory granules and tonofilaments of 100F desmosomes in the same EMG cell represents estrogen-induced bidirectional differentiation. Our findings indicate that androgens and estrogens are individually capable of controlling the expression of secretory granules and desmosomes. In intact animals, male and female sex hormones may act in concert to direct epithelial cell differentiation of the prostate.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091970202
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  • 81
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    Immunocytochemical analysis of prolactin production by monolayer cultures of GH3 rat anterior pituitary tumor cells: I. Long-term effects of stimulation with thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 197 (1980), S. 153-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulates prolactin production in cultured GH3 rat anterior pituitary tumor cells. For correlation of cell-by-cell prolactin distribution and intracellular hormone concentration, GH3 cells were grown to plateau-phase density on glass coverslips in plastic dishes. Acetone-fixed, cell-bearing coverslips were stained for prolactin by an immunoglobulin-peroxidase bridge technique (Mason et al., '69); cells on the plastic dishes were assayed for prolactin (microcomplement fixation immunoassay, Tashjian, '73) and protein content. Intracellular prolactin, unaffected quantitatively by acetone fixation and choice of substratum, was localized immunocytochemically by a granular brown precipitate, abolished if anti-prolactin serum was preabsorbed with rat prolactin or omitted from the protocol. Intracellular prolactin was maximized with colchicine (5.0 × 10-6 M; final 3 hr of incubation) in control and TRH-treated (10 ng/ml; 48 hr) GH3 cell cultures. A total of 8,500 cells were classified by light microscopy as unstained, heavily (H) or moderately (M) stained for prolactin. In controls, 35% of cells were prolactin-positive: 6% H and 29% M. After TRH, 45% were positive: 7% H and 38% M. Although prolactin-positive cells were unevenly distributed, comprising 25% to 46% of cells in individual microscopic fields in controls, TRH increased the proportion of M cells in all areas. TRH treatment raised prolactin levels to 450% of control, but mathematical analysis attributed less than 30% of the increase to new prolactin-positive cells. We conclude that TRH acts on GH3 cultures principally by raising the mean hormone content of individual positive cells rather than by increasing the proportion of cells committed to prolactin production.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091970205
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  • 82
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    A random arrangement of albumin-containing hepatocytes seen with histo-immunologic methods. II. Conditions that produce the artifact (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 197 (1980), S. 195-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The cellular immunolocalization of albumin in rat liver has been studied as a function of various physiological and physical conditions. Our observations show that the prime requisite for accurate immunolocalization of albumin and other hepatic-based proteins is the complete removal of blood and especially plasma from sinusoids and the perisinusoidal space of Disse prior to fixation.Fixation of blood-filled liver specimens results in the antifactual entrance of plasma constituents into hepatocytes. When the fixative used is formaldehyde, the artifactual uptake occurs primarily into hepatocytes that have a high glycogen content. Fixation of blood-filled liver with acetic acid-ethanol causes a massive influx of plasma into all hepatocytes. On the contrary, with blood-free liver, varying the type of fixative consistently demonstrates that all hepatocytes normally contain albumin, transferrin, and fibrinogen simultaneously.Increasing the time between cessation of blood flow and outright fixation by either withholding the fixative or by impeding its diffusion through the specimen causes a progressive loss of antigenicity of albumin. The same result ensues when specimens remain in contact with the fixative for an extended time.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091970208
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  • 83
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    Placental permeability during early gestation in the hamster. Electron microscopic observations using horseradish peroxidase as a macromolecular tracer (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 197 (1980), S. 221-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The permeabilities of the parietal yolk sac placenta and the preplacental region of the hamster conceptus during early postimplantation (day 8) were compared by means of electron microscopy and a macromolecular protein tracer, horseradish peroxidase (HRP). HRP was administered by injection into the maternal venous system; samples of the two placental tissues were obtained for examination at intervals between 4 minutes and 1 hour later. The three layers of the parietal yolk sac wall (from outer to inner: capsular trophoblast, Reichert's membrane, parietal endoderm) appeared to provide little impediment to the passage of HRP from perivitelline maternal blood spaces to the yolk sac cavity. HRP passed through the outer trophoblast layer, both by way of intracellular fenestrae (60-200 nm diameter) and narrower intercellular channels, and completely permeated the meshwork of Reichert's membrane within minutes after injection. The inner parietal endoderm cell layer was widely discontinuous and clearly presented no barrier to HRP movement. HRP reaching the yolk sac cavity was avidly endocytosed by the visceral yolk sac epithelium. In contrast to the parietal yolk sac, the preplacental region of the conceptus was impermeable to HRP. Zonular occluding junctions located between contiguous cells of the chorionic ectoderm layer of the preplacenta were the obvious barrier to the HRP molecules. These results suggest that in this rodent species, during the early postimplantation period of gestation, the parietal yolk sac placenta potentially plays a more important role in the maternal-embryonic transfer of macromolecular substances than does the preplacenta.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091970211
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  • 84
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    Masthead (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 197 (1980) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091970301
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    Masthead (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 197 (1980) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091970401
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  • 86
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    The myelinated fibers of the deep branch of the ulnar nerve at the wrist in bonnet monkeys (Macaca radiata) and of some of its branches to the hand (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 197 (1980), S. 387-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In order to estimate the peripheral nervous correlates concerning the motor performance of the hand, the myelinated fibers of the deep ulnar nerve and some of its branches to the intrinsic muscles of the monkey (Macaca radiata) hand have been enumerated and their caliber spectra plotted. The content of the myelinated sensory fibers in the deep ulnar nerve was found to be 70% of the total. This high figure is attributable to the fact that 25-50% of the myelinated fibers in the deep ulnar nerve are destined to innervate the joints of the hand. Approximately 50% of the myelinated fibers in nerves to the intrinsic muscles of the hand were sensory.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091970403
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  • 87
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    Muscle sarcomere length following passive jaw opening in the rabbit (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 197 (1980), S. 435-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Sarcomere lengths were measured microscopically in formalin-fixed jaw muscles of 14 rabbits divided into two groups; jaw open, and jaw closed. The measurements were compared by means of a nested analysis of variance. The sarcomeres of the jaw open group were longer in the masseter and temporalis muscles (jaw elevators) and shorter in the digastric muscle (jaw depressor) than were those of the jaw closed group. In the jaw closed position, sarcomeres in the deep portion of the masseter muscle become markedly shorter than those in the superficial part of the muscle. The values for sarcomere length in the masseter muscle of the jaw open group and the digastric of the jaw closed group are near the top of the ascending limb of isometric length-tension relation for the rabbit digastric muscle.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091970407
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  • 88
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    Proliferation of epithelial cells in the adult primate choroid plexus (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 197 (1980), S. 495-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An adult rhesus monkey was injected intraperitoneally with [H3] thymidine (2.3 μCi/gram body weight) and perfused 90 minutes later with a mixture of aldehydes. One and a half micrometer plastic sections were then cut and dipped into liquid emulsion for radioautography. Labeled cells were observed in the choroid plexus of the anterior lateral ventricle; cell identification was evaluated using electron micrographs taken from serial thin sections of reembedded. radioautographic 1.5-μm sections. The ultrastructure and location of both mitotic figures and labeled cells confirmed the presence of undifferentiated basal choroid plexus epithelial cells in the adult primate central nervous system.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091970411
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  • 89
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    Masthead (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 198 (1980) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091980101
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  • 90
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    Growth patterns and hormonal profile of male rats with protein-calorie malnutrition (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 197 (1980), S. 339-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A condition of protein-calorie malnutrition was precipitated in young Sprague-Dawley male rats at 20 days of age using an 8% low protein diet (LPD). At five-day intervals for up to 50 days of age, the rats were studied to determine the effect of an LPD on the reproductive axis of the endocrine system. Daily monitoring of the body weight, as well as the consumption of food, kilocalories, and protein was conducted. The same parameters were followed over the identical time peroid in a group of animals designated as controls which were fed a standard laboratory diet (SLD) containing 27% protein. The controls showed a linear growth rate over the 30-day experimental period. In comparison, the malnourished rats grew more slowly so that by 50 days of age, their mean body weight was 68.9 ± 3.1 g as compared to 249.1 ± 6.1 g for the controls. The daily food, kilocalorie, and protein intake by the experimental animals were also appreciably less. The pituitary gland, ventral prostate gland, testes and liver were smaller in the animals fed the LPD. This was observed as early as five days after initiating the dietary regimes and remained a consistent observation until the end of the experiment. In general, the absolute weights of these organs in the 50 day-old malnourished rats were similar to those found in 25 to 26 day-old animals fed the SLD. The relative weights of the pituitary gland and liver remained similar between the two animal groups. The testes and ventral prostate gland, however, were relatively smaller in the malnourished animals at nearly every time interval studied. On light microscopic examination of the testes, it was found that normal maturation of the germ cells failed to occur in all but one of the experimental animals, whereas maturation proceeded normally in the rats fed the SLD. Serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin (PRL), and testosterone were lower in the malnourished animals at all ages studied. These hormones did not exhibit the fluctuations that were seen in the controls and are typical in rats that are becoming sexually mature. The effect of protein deficiency on the concentration of the pituitary gonadotrophins was more varied. FSH concentrations were consistently lower, PRL was moderately affected, and LH remained essentially unchanged. Hypothalamic LH-releasing hormone was measured and found to be significantly less in the rats fed the LPD at most of the time intervals examined. These results indicate that the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-gonadal axis is impaired when the consumption of proteins and calories is decreased. The possible involvement of extrahypothalamic centers in the control of hormone secretion in the protein-deficient rat is discussed.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091970308
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  • 91
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    Quantitative cell changes and vascularisation in the early corpus luteum of the pregnant rat (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 197 (1980), S. 369-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Early corpora lutea (CL) of the rat were histologically examined on Day 1, 2, 4, and 6 of gestation. Measurements were taken of total volume and of the number of luteal and endothelial cells in one CL of both ovaries of five rats at each stage examined. CL volume increased over the 6 days from --0.76 to 1.39μl and peripheral plasma progesterone levels from 8.1 to 33.2 ng/ml. The number of luteal cells per CL (range 303,000 to 37,000) did not significantly change, and there was no evidence of mitosis or death amongst these cells. Luteal cell volume increased from 1.74 to 3.49 pl and nuclear volume from 0.25 to 0.38 pl, the former being the major cause of CL growth. The CL appeared to be richly vascularized, even on Day 1, and the number of endothelial cells per CL (range 289,000 to 354,000) remained relatively constant over the period examined.It was concluded that the number of luteal cells per CL is determined prior to or around ovulation in the rat and that subsequent growth of the CL is due to hypertrophy and not hyperplasia.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091970311
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  • 92
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    Presynaptic bodies of auditory hair cells in old world monkeys (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 197 (1980), S. 379-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Presynaptic bodies of auditory hair cells of Old World monkeys are separately differentiated in inner, as contrasted with outer, hair cells. The pre-synaptic bodies of outer cells are spherical and of variable electron density, and are thus similar to those of the labyrinth of vertebrates from fish to man. The difficulty in finding them, as compared with the relative ease of finding the presynaptic bodies of inner hair cells, suggests either that they are not present in all outer hair cells or that they undergo a regression-reconstitution cycle. The presynaptic bodies of simian inner hair cells are almost always ring-shaped. The few exceptions reinforce the impression of a later evolutionary development of the inner hair cell system. In any event, our findings serve to reemphasize the remarkable differentiation of outer and inner hair cell systems, and to deepen the mystery of their separate roles in audition.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091970402
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  • 93
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    Rat ovarian mast cells: Distribution and cyclic changes (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 197 (1980), S. 489-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Numerous tissue mast cells are present in the ovarian medulla and hilus and in the oviduct of rats. In the medulla, most of these mast cells are in the connective tissue of the stroma near blood and lymphatic vessels. During proestrus, many of the medullary mast cells totally degranulate and thus are not visible histochemically; they then regranulate during estrus. In contrast, the number of stainable mast cells in the ovarian hilus and oviduct does not change during the estrous cycle. Histofluorometric methods demonstrate that mast cells in the ovarian medulla and hilus, as well as the oviduct, contain histamine. In addition, the lining of small blood vessles in the ovarian medulla contains histamine. Thus, mast cell and blood vessel histamine secretion may play a role in ovarian function.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091970410
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  • 94
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    Distribution of iron in the gastrointestinal tract of the common vampire bat: Evidence for macrophage-linked iron clearance (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 198 (1980), S. 183-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Iron in the tissues of the digestive tract of the common vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus) has been studied using histochemical, electron microscopic, and autoradiographic methods. This animal is an obligate sanguivore and has a daily intake of dietary iron 800 times that of man. The amount and distribution of tissue iron is not affected by either a single blood meal or starvation but does reflect the degree of siderosis of each animal's liver and spleen. By 7 days after the injection of a trace amount of 55Fe into the peritoneal cavity, labelled siderotic macrophages are present both on the serosa and within the walls of the stomach and intestine. In the lower intestine, such cells can be derived from the germinal centers of Peyer's patches. Siderotic macrophages are often situated in the lamina propria under areas of siderotic epithelium. Label is also present in the apical cytoplasm of mucosal epithelial cells, a region of abundant siderosomes. The ultrastructure of these organelles is extremely variable. Accumulations of membranous whorls and stacks, “stippled bodies,” ferritin molecules, and larger “ferruginous” complexes are bounded by one or a number of membranes. Iron is excreted when these epithelial cells are desquamated into the gut lumen. Similar Prussian blue-positive granules are present in the feces. Unlike other glandular cells, the parietal cells of the fundic caecum are siderotic. Their cytoplasm contains abundant siderosomes and ferritin with accumulations of amembranous ferritin bodies in the intracellular canalicular spaces. Prussian blue-positive granules are present in the lumens of fundic glands.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091980206
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  • 95
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    Effects of orchidectomy on the adrenal macrophage system (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 198 (1980), S. 209-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Macrophages of the adrenal cortex were studied in normal and orchidectomized rats. In normal rats, few macrophages with numerous cytoplasmic granules were observed, mainly in the zona reticularis. Granules were limited by a single membrane and contained either a finely granular dense matrix or heterogeneous materials made up of electron-lucent parts, dark granular and membranous areas. An aminotriazole-resistant peroxidatic activity was confined to the dense granules. In orchidectomized rats, the number of macrophages was markedly increased, and the cells were concentrated at the border between the zonae fasciculata and reticularis and disseminated throughout the zona reticularis. Lysosomes were more numerous in each macrophage, and those of heterogeneous matrix were larger and their contents were more complex than in normal rats. These results show that orchidectomy stimulates the adrenal macrophage system.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091980208
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  • 96
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    Heterogeneity of tight junction morphology in extrapulmonary and intrapulmonary airways of the rat (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 198 (1980), S. 193-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In the present study morphology of tight junctions was related to the various cell types lining extrapulmonary and intrapulmonary airways of the rat. Freeze fracture replicas were prepared from extrapulmonary airway epithelium derived from the cartilagenous and membranous sides of upper, middle, and lower thirds of the trachea. Intrapulmonary airway epithelium was obtained from airways 〈 1 mm in diameter. Tight junction fibrils on the P fracture face were organized into three types of patterns. Type 1: parallel, sparsely interconnected lumenal fibrils with large ablumenal fibril loops. Type 2: richly interconnected lumenal fibrils with large ablumenal fibril loops. Type 3: narrow network of interconnected fibrils. On the E fracture face complementary grooves were organized in a similar pattern. Ciliated cells on both sides and all levels of the trachea were associated with type 1 junctions. In intrapulmonary airways, however, the junctional pattern of ciliated cells changed to type 2. Brush cells at all levels of the airways were bounded by type 2 and occasionally by type 1 junctions. Secretory cell junctions displayed the following patterns: Mucous cells were bounded solely by type 3, serous cells by either types 2 or 3, and Clara cells predominantly by type 2. Cells tentatively identified as intermediate cells displayed all three junctional patterns. The number of parallel fibrils comprising tight junctions was higher in extrapulmonary as compared to intrapulmonary airways. No difference was seen in the various locations sampled in the trachea. Gap junctions were observed between secretory cells of extrapulmonary but not intrapulmonary airways. These observations are discussed in relation to current physiologic data.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091980207
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  • 97
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    Differential changes in cartilage cell proliferation and cell density in the rat craniofacial complex during secondary palate development (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 198 (1980), S. 219-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: During mammalian secondary palate formation sagittal growth of the lower face has been shown to be more rapid than that of the upper face, and the tongue and mandible extend beneath the primary palate. In order to identify factors contributing to this differential growth pattern, cellular and morphologic growth of the major cartilages of the upper and lower facial regions were studied in radioautographic sections labeled with tritiated thymidine. Evaluation of cell-density recordings, labeling indices, and structural dimensions revealed significant differences between Meckel's cartilage in the lower face, and the nasal cartilage and anterior cranial base cartilage in the upper face. After formation of the precartilaginous blastema, labeling indices were high in Meckel's cartilage (20-30%), but very low in the nasal cartilage and the anterior cranial base (0-2%). During secondary palate formation of the volume of Meckel's cartilage increased more rapidly than the other cartilages and its growth was primarily in the sagittal direction. Between days 15 and 17, the increase in the length of Meckel's cartilage (165%) was approximately twice as great as the increase in the combined length of the nasal cartilage and the anterior cranial base (77%). During this period induction of cleft palate with some teratogens has been shown to severely retard growth of Meckel's cartilage and produce mandibular retrognathia that contributes to delayed elevation of the palatal shelves. Therefore, extensive cell proliferation in Meckel's cartilage, during a period of limited proliferation in other craniofacial cartilages, appears to contribute to its rapid growth and its differential sensitivity to growth inhibition.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091980209
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  • 98
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    Masthead (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 196 (1980) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091960101
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  • 99
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    Connective tissue arrangement in respiratory airways (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 198 (1980), S. 245-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Connective tissue provides dynamic stability to the architecture and mechanical function of the lungs. This study examines the parenchymal connective tissue components of the alveolar ducts, their associated respiratory bronchioles and respective alveoli. Thick sections 100μ and 200μ, and serial sections at 8μ of lungs of different ages were examined histologically after fixation in distention. The varying proportions and spatial architecture of the collagen and elastic fibers and the packing and spatial interrelationships of alveoli were studied using graphic serial reconstruction. Alveolar mouths typically have a polygonal configuration as they arise from the airways. Denser connective tissue passes through the polygonal array and forms a helix encircling the airway. Polygonal packing of alveolar mouths provides a mechanically stable ductular structure with conservation of materials. A helical modification of the polygonal arrangement permits reversible changes in linear and circumferential airway dimensions.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091980211
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    A simultaneous comparison of the cells of blood, renal hilar and thoracic duct lymph in the dog (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 198 (1980), S. 255-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A simultaneous morphological and quantitative profile was obtained of the cells of blood, thoracic duct, and renal hilar lymph in the dog. Monolayer cytocentrifuged preparations were used to determine the number, type, and size of cells in the three compartments. The cell count of renal lymph was not related to that of blood or thoracic duct lymph. There was a greater percentage of lymphoid cells in the afferent lymph than could be accounted for by the random movement of cells from the blood to the lymph. Thus, there appeared to be a selective transit of cells from blood to lymph. Monocytes and neutrophils were largely absent from the thoracic duct lymph; however, eosinophils were present. Cells were observed in hilar lymph that were characteristic of cells subjected to antigenic stimulation. It was concluded that lymphocytes have a preferential pathway from blood to lymphatic and in the course of this pathway they undergo a change which is consistent with an active immunological role.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091980212
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