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  • Digitale Medien  (219)
  • 2000-2004  (219)
  • 1985-1989
  • 2000  (219)
  • breast cancer  (140)
  • kinetics  (79)
Datenquelle
Materialart
  • Digitale Medien  (219)
Erscheinungszeitraum
  • 2000-2004  (219)
  • 1985-1989
Jahr
Schlagwörter
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Identification of High-Risk Breast Cancer Patients from Genetic Changes of Their Tumors (2000)
    Springer
    Surgery today 30 (2000), S. 516-522 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2813
    Schlagwort(e): Key Words: genetic changes ; prognostic factor ; breast cancer ; amplification ; loss of heterozygosity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: ERBB2 , INT2, and MYC genes, in 131 patients with breast carcinoma, 49 of whom had lymph node involvement, but none of whom had distant metastases. Among the several chromosome arms tested, LOH at 17q was correlated with lymph node metastasis. Amplification of the ERBB2, MYC, and INT2 genes was found more frequently in tumors from patients with lymph node metastases than in tumors from those without lymph node metastases. Univariate analysis demonstrated that LOH at 17q and INT2 amplification were factors influencing disease-free survival (DFS). A multivariate analysis was performed on 89 tumors that were able to be evaluated for both LOH at 17q and INT2 amplification, and the results showed that patients who had tumors with these genetic changes were more likely to have a poor prognosis. The findings of this study suggest that investigating genetic changes, in addition to conventional clinicopathologic factors, may contribute to defining groups of breast cancer patients with differences in prognosis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005950070118
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Why Does the Linear Driving Force Model for Adsorption Kinetics Work? (2000)
    Springer
    Adsorption 6 (2000), S. 137-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8757
    Schlagwort(e): adsorption ; kinetics ; linear driving force model ; process design
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Abstract The Linear Driving Force (LDF) model for gas adsorption kinetics is frequently and successfully used for analysis of adsorption column dynamic data and for adsorptive process designs because it is simple, analytic, and physically consistent. Yet, there is a substantial difference in the characteristics of isothermal batch uptake curves on adsorbent particles by the LDF and the more rigorous Fickian Diffusion (FD) model. It is demonstrated by using simple model systems that the characteristics of the adsorption kinetics at the single pore or the adsorbent particle level are lost in (a) evaluating overall uptake on a heterogeneous porous solid, (b) calculating breakthrough curves from a packed adsorbent column, and (c) establishing the efficiency of separation by an adsorptive process due to repeated averaging of the base kinetic property. That is why the LDF model works in practice.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008965317983
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of K, Cs and Ba on the kinetics of NH3 synthesis over carbon-based ruthenium catalysts (2000)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 68 (2000), S. 163-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Schlagwort(e): ammonia synthesis ; kinetics ; ruthenium catalysts ; promotional effect
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The kinetics of NH3 synthesis over carbon-based ruthenium catalysts promoted with barium or alkali was studied. Both the ammonia partial pressure dependencies of the reaction rates (T = 400°C, p = 63 bar, H2 : N2 = 3 : 1) and the pressure variations of the activity (T = 370°C, p= 4–63 bar, H2 : NN2 = 3 : 1) were found to be different for Ba and for the alkali (K, Cs). Ba–Ru/C proved to be more sensitive to the NH3 content and to the total pressure. The rate of synthesis over the alkali-promoted catalysts is, in turn, much stronger influenced by the ruthenium dispersion. TOFs of NH3 synthesis for the promoted samples at 370°C and 4 bar (Ba 0.085 1/s, Cs 0.05 1/s, K 0.035 1/s) are significantly higher than that for the Ru(0001) basal plane (0.0085 1/s results from the literature data at 370°C, 2 bar). The most active Ru/C samples (Ba or Cs) exceed significantly the fused iron catalyst, especially at high conversions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019024629261
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mechanism of the hydrodenitrogenation of o-toluidine and methylcyclohexylamine over NiMo/γ-Al2O3 (2000)
    Springer
    Topics in catalysis 11-12 (2000), S. 327-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9028
    Schlagwort(e): hydrodenitrogenation ; toluidine ; methylcyclohexylamine ; kinetics ; nickel-promoted molybdenum sulphide
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) of o-toluidine and its reaction intermediates was studied over a NiMo/γ-Al2O3 catalyst. The kinetics of the HDN of methylcyclohexylamine and of the hydrogenation of cyclohexene were also studied. Hydrogenation of o-toluidine alone produces methylcyclohexene and methylcyclohexane. When a sufficient quantity of cyclohexene is added during the HDN of toluidine, methylcyclohexylamine, the first intermediate in the hydrogenation of toluidine, becomes detectable. Because of its strong adsorption constant and high rate constant for reacting further to methylcyclohexene and methylcyclohexane, methylcyclohexylamine is not observed in the HDN of toluidine. Adding cyclohexene decreases the adsorption of methylcyclohexylamine, thus enabling its detection. The rate and adsorption constants of methylcyclohexylamine and cyclohexene in the HDN of methylcyclohexylamine were calculated by fitting the kinetic data to a Langmuir–Hinshelwood equation. A two-site model was used to describe the surface reactions, with one site for the methylcyclohexylamine reactions and the other for the cyclohexene reaction.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1027208200169
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Primary node negative breast cancer in BRCA1 mutation carriers has a poor outcome (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 307-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Schlagwort(e): BRCA1 ; breast cancer ; p53 ; survival
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Background:The association between BRCA1 germ-linemutations and breast cancer prognosis is controversial. A historical cohortstudy was designed to determine the prognosis for women with axillary lymphnode negative hereditary breast cancer. Patients and methods:We tested pathology blocks from 118Ashkenazi Jewish women with axillary lymph node negative breast cancer for thepresence of the two common BRCA1 founder mutations, 185delAG and5382insC. Patients were followed up for a median of 76 months. SomaticTP53mutations were screened for by immunohistochemistry, and directsequencing was performed in the BRCA1-positive tumours. Results:Sixteen breast cancer blocks (13.6%) carried aBRCA1 mutation. Young age of onset, high nuclear grade, negativeestrogen receptor status and over-expression of p53 were highly associatedwith BRCA1-positive status (P-values all 〈0.01).BRCA1 mutation carriers had a higher mortality than non-carriers(five-year overall survival, 50% and 89.6%, respectively,P = 0.0001). Young age of onset, estrogen receptor negative status,nuclear grade 3, and over-expression of p53 also predicted a poor outcome. Coxmultivariate analyses showed that only germ-line BRCA1 mutationstatus was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (P= 0.01). Among nuclear grade 3 tumours, the BRCA1 mutation carrierstatus was a significant prognostic factor of death (risk ratio 5.8,95% confidence interval: 1.5–22, P = 0.009). Sequencingof BRCA1-related breast cancers revealed one TP53missensemutation not previously reported in breast cancer. Conclusions:Using a historical cohort approach, we haveidentified BRCA1 mutation status as an independent prognostic factorfor node negative breast cancer among the Ashkenazi Jewish women. Thosemanaging women carrying a BRCA1 mutation may need take these findingsinto consideration. Additionally, our preliminary results, taken together withthe work of others suggest a different carcinogenic pathway inBRCA1-related breast cancer, compared to non-hereditary cases.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008340723974
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The contribution of molecular markers to the prediction of response in the treatment of breast cancer: A review of the literature on HER-2, p53and BCL-2 (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 647-663 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Schlagwort(e): BCL-2 ; breast cancer ; HER-2 ; p53 ; predictive factor
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Background:The selection of therapies for breast cancer is todaybased on prognostic features (chemotherapy, radiotherapy), hormone receptorstatus (hormonal therapy) and HER-2 status (trastuzumab therapy). HER-2,p53and BCL-2are tumour-related proteins that have thepotential to further improve individualisation of patient management, bypredicting response to chemotherapy, hormonal therapy and radiotherapy. Materials and methods:This paper reviews the rationale for theuse of these proteins as predictive factors, as well as the publishedliterature addressing the use of each one to predict response to hormonaltherapy, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Results:HER-2, p53and BCL-2remaininadequately assessed as predictive factors in breast cancer. HER-2 evaluationis required for the selection of patients for trastuzumab (Herceptin®)therapy, as trials of this therapy have been limited to HER-2 overexpressors.HER-2 overexpression may be predictive of resistance to hormonal therapy.Anthracyclines are effective therapy for breast cancer regardless of HER-2status, but patients whose tumours overexpress HER-2 appear to receive thegreatest relative benefit from this therapy. Studies of HER-2 as a predictorof response to CMF and to radiotherapy are inconclusive at this time. No datayet exist to support the use of p53or BCL-2as predictivefactors in the therapy of breast cancer. Conclusions:At this point in time, there is inadequate evidenceto support the use of HER-2, p53or BCL-2to guide theselection of hormonal therapy, chemotherapy or radiotherapy for breast cancer.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008390429428
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Activity and toxicity of GI147211 in breast, colorectal and non-small-cell lung cancer patients: An EORTC–ECSG phase II clinical study (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 793-797 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Schlagwort(e): breast cancer ; camptothecins ; colorectal cancer ; GI147211 ; non-small-cell lung cancer ; topoisomerase I
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Background:GI147211 is a water-soluble synthetic analogue ofcamptothecin showing promising in vivoand in vitroantitumor activity and an acceptable toxicity profile. Patients and methods:Between April 1995 and November 1996, 67eligible patients with pretreated breast cancer (25 patients) andchemo-naïve colorectal (19 patients) and non-small-cell lung cancer (23patients) were entered into three multicentric, non-randomized phase IItrials. Treatment schedule consisted of intravenous GI147211 administered ata dose of 1.2 mg/m2/day for five consecutive days every threeweeks. Results:Hematological toxicity was common with grade 3–4neutropenia in 54% of patients and neutropenic fever together or notassociated with infection in 14.5% of patients. Grade 3–4thrombocytopenia and grade 2–4 anemia were observed in 20% andin 68% of patients, respectively. Non-hematological toxicity wasgenerally mild to moderate and consisted mainly of gastrointestinal toxicity,asthenia and alopecia. A dose-escalation to 1.5 mg/m2/d wasfeasible in 17 (25%) patients. The antitumor activity of GI147211 wasmoderate in breast cancer patients (3 partial responses (PRs), response rate(RR) 13%) and minimal in non-small cell lung cancer patients (2 PRs,RR 9%). No objective responses were obtained in colorectal patients. Conclusions:GI147211, at the dose and schedule employed in thisstudy, showed an acceptable safety profile but a modest antitumor activity inthe examined tumor types.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008373031714
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Static and Kinetic Studies on the Adsorption Behavior of Sulfadiazene (2000)
    Springer
    Adsorption 6 (2000), S. 349-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8757
    Schlagwort(e): sulfadiazene ; adsorption ; kinetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Abstract To investigate the nature of interactive forces between sulfadiazene molecules and alumina surface the experiments were performed for the adsorption of sulfadiazene (SD) from its aqueous sulution onto the alumina surfaces at 25 ± 0.2°C and the influence of factors such as increasing concentration of SD (4.0–20.0 × 10−3 mol cm−3), the time required for adsorption equilibrium, pH (2.0–12.0) and temperature (5–45°C) of the adsorption medium, the presence of ions like Cl−, SO2− 4 and PO3− 4 (0.01–0.30 M) and organic solvents (5% v/v) were observed on the course of adsorption of SD. Various adsorption and kinetic parameters such as adsorption coefficient, the rate constants for adsorption and desorption were also evaluated. The results of the above cited studies facilitated to formulate the mechanisms of interaction between SD and alumina surfaces. From application view point the present work may be a potential tool for an effective chromatographic separation of sulfa drugs from industrial effluents.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026517117239
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An Analysis of Unicellular Mass Transfer Using a Microfabricated Experimental Technique (2000)
    Springer
    Biomedical microdevices 2 (2000), S. 305-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8781
    Schlagwort(e): membranes ; breast cancer ; oncology ; cell column regulation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract Using microfabrication technology, we have developed a new experimental apparatus and technique which allow isolation of individual cells and which facilitate the study of kinetic volume changes and membrane permeability. The key component of the apparatus is a microdiffusion chamber which was constructed using silicon microfabrication technology and standard photolithography. The central unit of the chamber is a 1 μ m thick silicon nitride membrane with a center hole on the order of 2–3 μ m in diameter. The device is novel in its analysis of a single cell, instead of the traditional array of cells, and its avoidance of the damage artifacts and computational difficulties which are inherent in other, commonly used methods of cellular analysis. The device is used in conjunction with a predictive computer model which simulates the response of the entire membrane or a portion of the membrane to various permeant and impermeant concentrations. This study introduces the apparatus and the model, and illustrates the effectiveness of the new procedure by determining several membrane permeability coefficients for HBL-100 (healthy human breast line). The empirical data and theoretical data were combined to yield a water permability (L p) of 1.1 ± 0.5μ m/(min-atm) (mean ± 1 standard deviation) (N= 5) during the uncoupled transport of water at 22 ±C. In the presence of 6 M glycerol, the water permeability (L p), permeability coefficient (P S), and the reflection coefficient (σS) were determined to be 2.0 ± 0.63 μ m/(min-atm), 2.7E-5 ± 6.1E-6 cm-sec-1, and 0.76 ± 0.5 (N = 6). No previous values of these coefficients could be found for HBL-100 cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009959323022
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    NO reduction over La2O3 using methanol (2000)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 64 (2000), S. 65-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Schlagwort(e): NO reduction ; CH3OH ; La2O3 ; methyl nitrite ; kinetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Nitric oxide (NO) reduction by methanol was studied over La2O3 in the presence and absence of oxygen. In the absence of O2, CH3OH reduced NO to both N2O and N2, with selectivity to dinitrogen formation decreasing from around 85% at 623 K to 50–70% at 723 K. With 1% O2 in the feed, rates were 4–8 times higher, but the selectivity to N2 dropped from 50% at 623 K to 10% at 723 K. The specific activities with La2O3 for this reaction were higher than those for other reductants; for example, at 773 K with hydrogen a specific activity of 35 μmol NO/s m2 was obtained whereas that for methanol was 600 μmol NO/s m2. The Arrhenius plots were linear under differential reaction conditions, and the apparent activation energy was consistently near 14 kcal/mol with CH3OH. Linear partial pressure dependencies based on a power rate law were obtained and showed a near‐zero order in CH3OH and a near‐first order in H2. In the absence of O2, a Langmuir–Hinshelwood type model assuming a surface reaction between adsorbed CH3OH and adsorbed NO as the slow step satisfactorily fitted the data, and the model invoking two types of sites provided the best fit and gave thermodynamically consistent rate constants. In the presence of O2 a homogeneous gas‐phase reaction between O2, NO, and CH3OH occurred to yield methyl nitrite. This reaction converted more than 30% of the methanol at 300 K and continued to occur up to temperatures where methanol was fully oxidized. Quantitative kinetic studies of the heterogeneous reaction with O2 present were significantly complicated by this homogeneous reaction.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019036431195
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxidation of dicyclopentadiene catalyzed by palladium(II) acetate and p-benzoquinone in the presence of inorganic acid (2000)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 69 (2000), S. 103-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Schlagwort(e): dicyclopentadiene ; Wacker oxidation ; Pd(AcO)2 ; benzoquinone ; kinetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The oxidation of dicyclopentadiene catalyzed by palladium(II) acetate and benzoquinone in the presence of perchloric acid was studied. Tricyclodecenone in high selectivity (85–98%) at a conversion of dicyclopentadiene up to 76% was obtained. The kinetic model assumed the significant inhibition complexation between dicyclopentadiene and tricyclodecenone with the catalytic species.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019053402854
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comparative study of clinical, pathological and biological characteristics of symptomatic versus asymptomatic breast cancers (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 581-586 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Schlagwort(e): biological/pathological characteristics ; breast cancer ; prognosis ; progression ; symptomatic/asymptomatic patients
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Background:It is well known that mammographic screening reducesbreast cancer mortality. One possible explanation for this effect is thatscreening makes it possible to detect smaller breast cancers with fewerinvolved nodes, but another hypothesis is that some screening-detected tumorsare in a pathologically and biologically different phase of evolution fromthose that are detected clinically. The aim of the present study was tocompare the biological, pathological and clinical characteristics ofsymptomatic vs. asymptomatic breast cancers. Patients and methods:The study considers a series of 1916consecutive patients who underwent surgery for stage I and II infiltratingbreast cancer at Verona hospitals after having undergone ultrasound andmammography (at least one of which was positive). They were divided into twogroups on the basis of why they decided to undergo the imaging examinations:group A refers to the 1247 patients with a palpable lump, and group B to the616 who were asymptomatic. Results:The patients in group A were older, and had larger tumorsand a higher percentage of positive nodes than those in group B; they also hadsignificantly higher grade tumors, higher Ki-67 levels, and a higherpercentage of ER and PgR negative and c-erbB-2 positive tumors (allof the P-values were significant). A logistic regression analysisadjusted for tumor diameter and age showed a reduction in the significance ofeach of the considered variables, but all of them remained significantlyassociated with the modality of diagnosis except ER, PgR andc-erbB-2. Conclusions:Our results suggest that asymptomatic tumors arebiologically different from their clinically presenting counterparts, thusconfirming the hypothesis that progression towards greater malignancy mayoccur during the natural history of breast cancer.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008320317114
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Combined 4-hydroxy-ifosfamide and vinorelbine treatment in established and primary human breast cell cultures (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 587-594 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Schlagwort(e): 4-OH-IF ; breast cancer ; drug combination ; human cell lines ; primary cultures ; VNB
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Background:Vinorelbine and ifosfamide are active drugs againstbreast cancer, but the best treatment schedule has yet to be defined bypreclinical or clinical studies. The antitumor activity of4-hydroxy-ifosfamide (4-OH-IF), the active form of ifosfamide, and vinorelbine(VNB) and their interaction were investigated in two established breast cancercell lines (MCF-7 and BRC-230) and in 10 primary breast cancer cultures. Materials and methods:Cytotoxic activity was evaluated by ahighly efficient clonogenic assay (HECA). The median-effect principle wasapplied to evaluate synergistic and antagonistic interactions and thecorresponding combination index values were calculated. Cell cycleperturbations were analysed by flow cytometry. Results:In MCF-7 and BRC-230 cell lines the sequence VNB for 4hours followed by 4-OH-IF for 24 hours produced an antagonistic effect.Conversely, the inverse sequential scheme, 4-OH-IF → VNB providedsynergistic effects on both cell lines. The synergism was associated with astrong block in the G2-M phase. Synergistic activity of 4-OH-IF → VNBsequence was confirmed in 7 of 10 primary breast cancercultures. Conclusions:In conclusion, the sequence 4-OH-IF → VNBappeared to be the most effective scheme both in established cell lines andin primary breast cancer cultures.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008340902093
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Delayed adjuvant tamoxifen: Ten-year results of a collaborative randomized controlled trial in early breast cancer (TAM-02 trial) (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 515-519 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Schlagwort(e): adjuvant treatment ; breast cancer ; tamoxifen
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Aim:Immediate adjuvant tamoxifen reduces disease recurrence andimproves survival in patients with early breast cancer. However, is it toolate to administer tamoxifen to patients who have already undergone treatment,but were unable to benefit from this adjuvant therapy? The French NationalCancer Centers (FNCLCC) have investigated the efficacy of delayed tamoxifenadministration in a randomized controlled trial. Patients and methods:From September 1986 to October 1989, womenwith primary breast cancer, who had undergone surgery, radiotherapy, and/orreceived adjuvant chemotherapy but not hormone therapy more than two yearsearlier, were randomized to receive either 30 mg/day tamoxifen or notreatment. The 10-year disease-free and overall survival rates of the twogroups of patients and of various subgroups were determined according to theKaplan–Meyer method and compared by the log-rank test. Results:This intention-to-treat analysis comprised 250 women inthe tamoxifen group and 244 in the control group. Patient characteristics(age, T stage, number of positive nodes, receptor status, and interval sincetumor treatment) were comparable in both groups. Delayed adjuvant tamoxifensignificantly improved overall survival only in node-positive patients and inpatients with estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) or progesteronereceptor-positive (PR+) tumors. Disease-free survival, however, wassignificantly improved in the global population and in several patientsubgroups (node-positive, ER+, PR+). Patients in whom the interval betweenprimary treatment and delayed adjuvant tamoxifen was greater than five yearsalso had significantly improved disease-free survival. Conclusions:Overall and disease-free survival results indicatethat delayed adjuvant tamoxifen administration (30 mg/day) is justified inwomen with early breast cancer, even if this treatment is initiated two ormore years after primary treatment.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008321415065
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Tumor lysis syndrome following hemi-body irradiation for metastatic breast cancer (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 1349-1351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Schlagwort(e): breast cancer ; radiotherapy ; tumor lysis syndrome
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a rare serious acute complication of cancertherapy, reported mainly following chemotherapy in patients with large tumorload and chemosensitive disease. These are mainly patients with non-Hodgkin'slymphoma, leukemia and rarely in solid tumors. It is less frequently describedafter radiotherapy for lymphoid and hematological malignancies. TLS followingradiotherapy for solid tumors is a very rare complication. In thisreport/review we describe a seventy-three-year-old male patient withprogressive metastatic carcinoma of the breast to the lungs, liver and bone.He was referred for radiotherapy because of generalized bony pains. Thepatient was planned for sequential hemi-body irradiation starting with themore symptomatic upper half body. After premedication, he was given 8.5 Gy tothe mid point at the maximum chest separation with anterior lung attenuatorlimiting uncorrected lung dose to 6.15 Gy. A further 3.5 Gy electron boost tothe fungating breast tumor was given to the 100%. Forty-eight hours after irradiation he developed hyperkalemia,hyperphosphatemia, hyperuricemia, hypocalcemia and renal failure. Theseclinical and biochemical changes are typical of tumor lysis syndrome (TLS).Despite hydration, and treating the hyperuricemia, the patient developed comaand died eight days after irradiation. The prophylaxis and management of TLS and in high-risk patients aredescribed to avoid this frequently fatal complication.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008347226743
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    ErbB2 status and the benefit from two or five years of adjuvant tamoxifen in postmenopausal early stage breast cancer (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 1545-1550 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Schlagwort(e): breast cancer ; erbB2 ; HER-2/neu ; tamoxifen ; therapy resistance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Aim:We aimed to study the importance of erbB2 status in earlystage postmenopausal breast cancer for patients who participated in a trialof five vs. two years of adjuvant tamoxifen. Patients and methods:We analysed the erbB2 status of the tumoursfrom 577 patients participating in the trial, either by a DNA amplificationassay (n = 181) or by measurement of the protein level with flowcytometry (n = 396). Results:ErbB2 was overexpressed or gene amplified in 102 of thepatients (18%). Overall, erbB2-positive patients had a significantlylower recurrence-free probability than others, 62% at five years ascompared to 83%, and showed a significantly decreased breast cancersurvival rate (P = 0.0007). ErbB2 status was significantlyassociated with recurrence and death in Cox multivariate analysis, adjustingfor nodal status, tumour size and estrogen receptor status. The relative riskof recurrence (RR) for five vs. two years of tamoxifen was analysed inrelation to erbB2 status for patients still disease-free two years aftersurgery. Whereas erbB2-negative patients showed significant benefit fromprolonged treatment (RR = 0.62, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.42–0.93), no benefit was evident for erbB2-positive patients (RR= 1.1, 95% CI: 0.41–3.2). When the same analysis was restrictedto ER-positive patients a similar difference in relative hazard was obtainedbut the difference was not strictly significant (P = 0.065). Conclusions:For early stage breast cancer patients treated withadjuvant tamoxifen, overexpression of erbB2 is an independent marker of poorprognosis. The results suggest that overexpression decreases the benefit fromprolonged tamoxifen treatment.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008313310474
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Dose-finding study of oral idarubicin and cyclophosphamide in first-line treatment of elderly patients with metastatic breast cancer (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 229-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Schlagwort(e): breast cancer ; cyclophosphamide ; elderly ; idarubicin ; oral chemotherapy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008384820279
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A feasibility study evaluating docetaxel-based sequential and combination regimens in the adjuvant therapy of node-positive breast cancer (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 169-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Schlagwort(e): adjuvant therapy ; breast cancer ; docetaxel ; feasibility
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Background and purpose:Docetaxel is an active agent in thetreatment of metastatic breast cancer. We evaluated the feasibility ofdocetaxel-based sequential and combination regimens as adjuvant therapies forpatients with node-positive breast cancer. Patients and methods:Three consecutive groups of patients withnode-positive breast cancer or locally-advanced disease, aged ≤70 years,received one of the following regimens: a) sequential A → T → CMF:doxorubicin 75 mg/m2 q 3 weeks × 3, followed by docetaxel 100mg/m2 q 3 weeks × 3, followed by i.v. CMF days 1 + 8 q 4weeks × 3; b) sequential accelerated A → T → CMF: A and T wereadministered at the same doses q 2 weeks; c) combination therapy: doxorubicin50 mg/m2 + docetaxel 75 mg/m2 q 3 weeks × 4,followed by CMF × 4. When indicated, radiotherapy was administeredduring or after CMF, and tamoxifen started after the end of CMF. Results:Seventy-nine patients have been treated. Median age was48 years. A 30% rate of early treatment discontinuation was observedin patients receiving the sequential accelerated therapy (23% duringA → T), due principally to severe skin toxicity. Median relativedose-intensity was 100% in the three treatment arms. The incidence ofG3–G4 major toxicities by treated patients, was as follows: skintoxicity a: 5%; b: 27%; c: 0%; stomatitis a: 20%;b: 20%; c: 3%. The incidence of neutropenic fever was a:30%; b: 13%; c: 48%. After a median follow-up of 18months, no late toxicity has been reported. Conclusions:The accelerated sequential A → T → CMFtreatment is not feasible due to an excess of skin toxicity. The sequentialnon accelerated and the combination regimens are feasible and under evaluationin a phase III trial of adjuvant therapy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008345432342
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The oxygen uptake threshold during incremental exercise test (2000)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 440 (2000), S. r200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Schlagwort(e): Key words oxygen uptake ; kinetics ; threshold
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The linear relationship between oxygen consumption (Vo2) and exercise intensity is a well established phenomenon observed during incremental exercise. Recently, a non-linear increase in Vo2 has been reported by Zoladz et al., who used a relatively complicated method to describe the phenomenon. In this study, we tried to ascertain whether the same phenomenon, which we named the oxygen uptake threshold (OUT), could be described by a simple method, using the two best fitting lines adopted for the less and more steep parts of the Vo2 increase. Our hypothesis was that the non-linear Vo2 increase was the result of a continuous Vo2 increase (oxygen drift) occurring during the more intense steps only. Therefore, we analysed the Vo2 time course during each step. Six cyclists performed an incremental exercise test on a cyclo - ergometer. The lactate threshold (LT) was calculated by using the intersection point of the two best fitting lines in the diagram of log LA (lactate concentration) dependence on log P (Power). The time course of Vo2 during each step was analysed by an exponential rise to the maximum model. The results showed that OUT could be determined in five of the six subjects, whereas LT could be determined in all six subjects. The power output determined by OUT (168 ± 13 W) was similar to that determined by LT (180 ± 25 W). The Vo2 time course during each step showed steady values during low intensity exercise. At intensities above LT and OUT, however, Vo2 increased continuously, showing oxygen drift. It may be concluded that OUT is a realistic phenomenon, which is based on oxygen drift.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004240000064
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Paclitaxel plus vinorelbine: An active regimen in metastatic breast cancer patients with prior anthracycline exposure (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 85-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Schlagwort(e): breast cancer ; combination therapy ; paclitaxel ; vinorelbine
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Purpose:To evaluate the anti-tumour activity and tolerance of thecombination of paclitaxel plus vinorelbine in metastatic breast cancer (MBC)patients previously treated with anthracyclines. Patients and methods:Fifty-six MBC patients who have had at leastone previous anthracycline-containing chemotherapy regimen were enrolled inthis phase II trial. Patients received paclitaxel (135 mg/m2 overone-hour infusion) and vinorelbine (30 mg/m2) both on day 1 of eachthree-week course of therapy (maximum eight courses or until diseaseprogression was evident). Results:Six complete and nineteen partial responses were observedamong the fifty-four assessable patients (response rate of 46%,95% CI: 33%–60%). Responses were observed in alldisease sites and in all subsets of patients. The response rates whenpaclitaxel plus vinorelbine were used as first, second and third-linechemotherapy for metastases were 67%, 41% and 35%,respectively. The response rate among anthracycline-refractory patients was46% (6 of 13). Median time to progression in the overall patient groupwas 28 weeks. The main toxicities (CTC grade 2 or more) were alopecia,myelosuppression and peripheral neuropathy (85%, 46% and19% of patients, respectively). Nine patients (17%) hadneutropenic fever in fifteen of the three hundred twenty-eight coursesadministered (5%). Conclusions:The combination of paclitaxel and vinorelbine on day1 every three weeks is active in MBC patients with prior anthracyclineexposure. The regimen is safe, well tolerated and convenient for the patients.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008374425246
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Early secondary acute myelogenous leukemia in breast cancer patients after treatment with mitoxantrone, cyclophosphamide, fluorouracil and radiation therapy (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 1289-1294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Schlagwort(e): breast cancer ; cyclophosphamide ; fluorouracil ; mitoxantrone ; radiation therapy ; secondary leukemia
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Background:The topoisomerase II-targeted drugs,epipodophyllotoxins and anthracyclines, have been shown to inducetherapy-related AML (t-AML) characterized by a short latency period afterchemotherapy, the absence of prior myelodysplastic syndrome and stereotypedchromosome aberrations. Few reports have been published on patients treatedwith the anthracenedione mitoxantrone which also targets topoisomerase II. Weobserved 10 cases of such t-AML over a 7-year-period in breast cancer patientstreated with mitoxantrone combined with fluorouracil, cyclophosphamide andregional radiotherapy, and in three cases with vindesine. Patients and methods:We retrospectively analyzed patientsreferred to our hospital for AML with a past history of polychemotherapy forbreast cancer, including mitoxantrone, either as adjuvant (8patients)/neoadjuvant (1 patient) therapy or for metastatic disease (1patient). We studied the probability of developing t-AML in a prospectiveseries of 350 patients treated with an adjuvant FNC regimen (mitoxantrone,fluorouracil, cyclophosphamide) and radiation therapy. Results:The median age was 45 years (range 35–67). t-AMLdeveloped 13–36 months (median 16) after beginning chemotherapy forbreast cancer, and 4–28 months (median 10.5) after ending treatment. Asdescribed in t-AML following treatment with epipodophyllotoxins oranthracyclines, we found a majority of FAB M4, M5 and M3 phenotypes (7 of 10),and characteristic karyotype abnormalities that also can be found in denovoAML: breakpoint on chromosome 11q23 (3 patients), inv(16)(p13q22)(2 patients), t(15;17)(q22;q11) (1 patient), t(8;21)(q22;q22) (1 patient) anddel(20q)(q11) (1 patient). The prognosis was poor. All patients died of AMLshortly after diagnosis. Since two patients had been enrolled in a prospectivetrial for the treatment of breast cancer which included 350 patients, theprobability of developing t-AML was calculated to be 0.7% from25–40 months, using the Kaplan–Meier method (95% confidenceinterval (95% CI): 0.1–4.5). Conclusions:The combination of mitoxantrone withcyclophosphamide, fluorouracil, and radiation therapy can induce t-AML, aswith other topoisomerase II-targeted drugs. Despite a low incidence, theprognosis appears to be poor.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008375016038
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Breast cancer in women ≤35 years: Review of 1002 cases from a single institution (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 1255-1262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Schlagwort(e): age ≤35 years ; breast cancer ; single institution
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Background:Early-onset breast cancer may differ with respect toetiology, clinical features and outcome compared with breast cancer in olderwomen. To gain further insight, we retrospectively reviewed the clinicalfeatures and outcome of women ≤35 years with primary breast cancer seen atour institution over a 30-year period. Patients and methods:Charts were reviewed for women with operablebreast cancer diagnosed ≤35 years of age seen at the Princess MargaretHospital (PMH), Toronto from 1965–1994. Results:One thousand eighty-six women with non-metastaticinvasive breast cancer, aged 18.3–35.6 years (median 32.1 years) werereferred to PMH. Symptoms at presentation included: self-detected breast lump(83%), other breast symptom (10%), physician diagnosis(4%) and unknown (3%). Tumor size was known in 936 (〉2 cm in61%) and nodal status in 888 (lymph node positive in 52%).Modified radical mastectomy was performed in 568 (57%) andbreast-conservation surgery (BCS) in 422 (42%). Five hundred sixteen(51%) patients received adjuvant radiotherapy and five hundredthirty-four (53%) adjuvant systemic therapy. Two hundred ninety-three(29%) patients had a family history of breast cancer (FH).Contralateral breast cancer (CBC) occurred more frequently in women with FH(Prange 0.042–0.008). Local recurrence (LR) was 37% and73% at 10 years in those treated by BCS with and without radiotherapy,respectively. At 10 years, disease-free survival (DFS) was 30% andoverall patient survival 48%. Conclusions:In this cohort, breast cancer was usuallyself-diagnosed and tumors were 〉2 cm at presentation in approximatelytwo-thirds of cases, suggesting the possibilities of a delay in diagnosis,more aggressive tumors or both. Our results are compatible with the knownassociation of breast cancer FH with increased CBC. Our data also corroboratesthe suggestion that positive genetic testing in this age group should lead toconsideration of more aggressive ipsilateral and contralateral breastmanagement. In those receiving adjuvant irradiation after BCS, the LR rate washigh, but did not impact on overall survival.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008391401404
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Infusional ECarboF in patients with advanced breast cancer: A very active and well-tolerated out-patient regimen (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 1557-1561 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Schlagwort(e): breast cancer ; carboplatinum ; chemotherapy ; continuous 5-fluorouracil
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We performed a trial using the combination of epirubicin 50mg/m2/day 1, carboplatinum AUC 5/day 1 and continuous5-fluorouracil (5-FU) 200 mg/m2/day (every 4 weeks for6 months) to confirm the efficacy and low toxicity profile of thisregimen in breast cancer. In 51 patients with metastatic(n = 33) or locally advanced (n = 18)breast cancer the overall response rate was 86% (95% confidenceinterval (95% CI): 73%–94%): 94% in locallyadvanced and 81% metastatic disease. Grade 3–4 toxicity was low:4% of patients presented with febrile neutropenia, 16% withsevere palmar-plantar syndrome, 10% with Port-a-cath thrombosis. This study confirms the high efficacy of infusional 5-FU-based regimens andjustifies further research into novel promising oral 5-FU derivatives.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008378220547
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Doxorubicin-based adjuvant chemotherapy in elderly breast cancer patients: The M.D. Anderson experience, with long-term follow-up (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 1597-1601 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Schlagwort(e): adjuvant chemotherapy ; breast cancer ; doxorubicin ; elderly patients
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Background:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinicaloutcome of doxorubicin-based adjuvant chemotherapy in elderly breast cancerpatients and to compare results in elderly patients with those in youngerpatients. Patients and methods:We retrospectively reviewed the records ofall patients aged 50 years or older treated in trials of doxorubicin-basedadjuvant chemotherapy between 1974 and 1988. Old age was not an exclusioncriterion for these trials. Patient characteristics, hematologic andnonhematologic side effects, patterns of recurrence, and causes of death weredetermined for patients aged 50–64 years and for patients aged 65 yearsor older, and results were compared between these two groups.Kaplan–Meier survival curves were plotted, and tested by the generalizedWilcoxon test. Results:A total of 390 patients aged 50 years or older weretreated with doxorubicin-based adjuvant chemotherapy during the study period.Of these, 325 were aged 50–64 years (group 1), and 65 were aged 65 yearsor older (group 2). The median follow-up period for group 1 was 185 months(range 29–272+ months), and the median follow-up period for group 2 was169 months (range 128–240+ months). There were no statisticallysignificant differences between the two groups with respect to performancestatus, hormone receptor profile, tumor size, nodal status, or type oflocoregional therapy. There also were no statistically significant differencesbetween the two groups in recurrence patterns, disease-free survival, oroverall survival. The granulocyte and platelet nadirs of cycles 1, 3, and 6were similar between the two groups. No cumulative hematologic side effectswere seen in either group. The occurrence of second malignancies was extremelylow in both groups. In both groups, the majority of deaths were due toprogression of disease. Conclusions:Adjuvant doxorubicin-based chemotherapy is welltolerated in elderly breast cancer patients who have good performance statusand normal cardiac ejection fraction. Adjuvant doxorubicin-based chemotherapyin these patients results in disease-free and overall survival rates similarto those seen in younger patients.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008315312795
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A pilot trial assessing the efficacy of paroxetine hydrochloride (Paxil®) in controlling hot flashes in breast cancer survivors (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 17-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Schlagwort(e): breast cancer ; hot flashes ; paroxetine ; serotonin uptake inhibitors ; survivors
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Background:Many breast cancer survivors suffer debilitating hotflashes. Estrogen, the drug of choice in perimenopausal women, is generallynot recommenced to breast cancer survivors. Nonhormonal treatments are mostlydisappointing. Anecdotal reports in our institution suggested that theselective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor, paroxetine hydrochloride, might beefficacious in alleviating hot flashes. Patients and methods:Thirty women with prior breast cancer whowere suffering at least two hot flashes a day entered a single institutionpilot trial to evaluate paroxetine's efficacy in reducing the frequency andseverity of hot flashes. After completing daily diaries for one week on notherapy, the women received open-label paroxetine, 10 mg daily for one week,followed by four weeks of paroxetine, 20 mg daily. The women completedhot-flash daily diaries throughout the study period, and a health-relatedsymptom-assessment questionnaire and a quality-of-life rating scale in thefirst and sixth week of the study. Results:Twenty-seven women completed the six-week study period.The mean reduction of hot flash frequency was 67% (95%confidence interval (95% CI): 56%–79%). The meanreduction in hot flash severity score was 75% (95% CI:66%–85%). There was a statistically significantimprovement in depression, sleep, anxiety, and quality of life scores.Furthermore, 25 (83%) of the study participants chose to continueparoxetine therapy at the end of study. The most common adverse effect wassomnolence, resulting in drug discontinuation in two women, and dose reductionin two women. One woman discontinued drug due to anxiety. Conclusions:Paroxetine hydrochloride is a promising new treatmentfor hot flashes in breast cancer survivors, and warrants further evaluationin a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008382706068
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Socio-economic deprivation and stage of disease at presentation in women with breast cancer (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 105-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Schlagwort(e): breast cancer ; socio-economic status ; stage
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Background:This study describes and compares the pathologicalprognostic factors and surgeon assessment of stage of breast cancer of womenliving in affluent and deprived areas to assess whether clinical stage atpresentation may explain the known poorer survival outcomes for deprivedwomen. Patients and methods:A population-based review of the caserecords of 417 women with breast cancer was carried out. Results:No difference in pathological criteria was found betweenthe 88% of women living in affluent and deprived areas for whom suchdata were available. Clinical assessment of the remaining 50 cases showed thatwomen living in deprived areas were more likely to present with locallyadvanced or metastatic disease. Conclusion:The poorer survival of women from deprived areas withbreast cancer may be explained by more deprived women presenting with advancedcancers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008385321476
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Patient participation in medical decision-making: A French study in adjuvant radio-chemotherapy for early breast cancer (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 39-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Schlagwort(e): breast cancer ; choice ; decision-making process ; patient–physician relationship
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Background:Shared decision-making is increasingly advocated asan ideal model. However, very few studies have tested the feasibility ofgiving patients the opportunity to participate in the choice of treatment. Patients and methods:Women, with non-metastatic breast cancer,eligible for non-intensified adjuvant chemotherapy attending our hospital wereproposed two administrations of chemotherapy and radiotherapy: a sequentialand a concomitant one. Two patient-questionnaires were used to elicitmotivations for their choice and their degree of comfort with the process ofdecision-making and one questionnaire to test physicians' ability to predictpatients' choice. Results:Participation rate in the study was 75.3%(n = 64). Majority (64%) of patients chose the concomitanttreatment. Multivariate analysis revealed that patients with a lower level ofeducation, who discussed the choice with social circle, and who most fearedside-effects were more likely to choose the sequential treatment. Physicianswere able to predict patients' choice in 66% of cases. 89% ofpatients declared that they were "fully satisfied" with having participatedin the choice of treatment and 79% supported shared decision-making. Conclusions:Results are in favour of promoting activeparticipation of cancer-patients in medical decision-making. The adequatedegree of such participation remains however to be elicited and tested fortherapeutic choices implying more difficult trade-offs between quantity andquality of life.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008390027720
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Second cancers after adjuvant tamoxifen therapy for breast cancer in Japan (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 1539-1544 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Schlagwort(e): adjuvant therapy ; breast cancer ; second cancer ; tamoxifen
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Background:Women treated with tamoxifen for breast cancer are atincreased risk of endometrial cancer. We conducted a retrospective cohortstudy to evaluate the risk of second primary cancers after adjuvant tamoxifentherapy for breast cancer in Japan. Patients and methods:The subjects of the study were 6148 womenwho had been diagnosed with stage I, II, or IIIA unilateral primary breastcancer and had received surgical treatment during the period from January 1982through December 1990 at nine institutions in Japan. The information on eachpatient was obtained from medical records or a prospectively compiled computerdatabase at each institution. Results:Of the 6148 women, 3588 (58.4%) were administeredtamoxifen as an adjuvant treatment and 2560 (41.6%) were notadministered. Median follow-up periods were 7.64 years for tamoxifen-treatedpatients and 8.10 years for non-tamoxifen-treated patients, respectively. Theduration of tamoxifen treatment was mostly two years or less (80.7%),and few patients received tamoxifen for more than five years. The cumulativeincidence rates of all second cancers at 10 years were 4.61% and4.09% among tamoxifen-treated and non-tamoxifen-treated patients(P = 0.62), respectively, and the incidence rate ratio (IRR) forall second cancers was 1.06 (95% confidence interval (CI):0.77–1.47) after adjustment of several covariates. The numbers ofendometrial cancers was 9 and 3 among tamoxifen-treated andnon-tamoxifen-treated patients, respectively, and the IRR was 2.37 (95%CI: 0.64–8.77, P = 0.20). Of the 12 patients who developedendometrial cancer, 4 died of cancer (for 3 of them, the cause of death wasbreast cancer), and the other 8 patients were alive as of March 1996. Stomachcancer was the most frequent second cancer and the IRR was 1.34 (95%CI: 0.76–2.38, P = 0.31). There was no substantialincrease in any other type of gastrointestinal cancer such as colorectal andliver cancers among tamoxifen-treated patients. Conclusions:The incidence and risk of second primary cancersassociated with tamoxifen therapy is low. The potential benefit of adjuvanttamoxifen therapy in breast cancer patients outweighs the risk of secondprimary cancers for Japanese breast cancer patients.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008383804811
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Front-line treatment of advanced breast cancer with docetaxel and epirubicin: A multicenter phase II study (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 1249-1254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Schlagwort(e): breast cancer ; docetaxel ; epirubicin
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Purpose:In a previous phase I trial we evaluated the toxicity anddetermined the maximum tolerated doses of the docetaxel (D)–epirubicin(Epi) combination. We conducted a multicenter phase II study to evaluate theefficacy and tolerability of this regimen as front-line treatment in womenwith advanced breast cancer (ABC). Patients and methods:Fifty-four women with ABC stage IIIB (4patients) or IV (50 patients) received front-line treatment with Epi 70mg/m2 on day 1 and D 90 mg/m2 on day 2. The median agewas 55 years, performance status (WHO) was 0–1 in 49 patients andvisceral disease was present in 45 (83%). Results:All patients were evaluable for toxicity and 50 forresponse. In an intent-to-treat analysis complete remission was observed in5(9%) patients, partial remission in 31 (57%) (overall responserate 66%, 95% confidence interval: 54%–79%),stable disease in 9 (17%) and disease progression in 9 (17%).After a median follow-up of 11.5 months, the median duration of responses was8 months, the median time to disease progression 11.5 months and the mediansurvival has not yet been reached. The probability of one-year survival was65%. Three hundred six cycles of treatment were administered (median6 cycles per patient). Grade 3 and 4 neutropenia was observed in 8(15%) and 31 (57%) patients, respectively, and febrileneutropenia in 19 (35%). Prophylactic rh-G-CSF was used in 45(83%) patients or 226 (74%) cycles. Other hematologic ornon-hematologic toxicities were usually mild. In five (9%) patients theleft ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was decreased by more than10% with the treatment. Two patients died during the treatment ofrespiratory failure without associated neutropenia. Conclusions:The combination of docetaxel–epirubicin is aneffective and well tolerated front-line treatment in patients with ABC.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008351310818
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    p53 determination alongside classical prognostic factors in node-negative breast cancer: An evaluation at more than 10-year follow-up (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 393-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Schlagwort(e): breast cancer ; p53 ; prognostic factors
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Background:There is heterogeneity of methods and conflictingresults concerning the prognostic value of p53 in node-negativebreast cancer. The clinical value of a quantitative method for measuringtumoral p53 content still needs to be evaluated. Patients and methods: A long-term retrospective study wasconducted on 297 node-negative patients with a median follow-up greater than10 years (11 years, 101–172 months). Classic prognostic factors wereconsidered including age, tumor size, histoprognostic grade and estradiol (ER)and progesterone receptors (PR). In addition, the value of p53 determination (immunoluminometric assay in tumor cytosol) was assessed forthis long follow-up period. Results: p53 concentrations were significantly linked tothe histological grade (P = 0.001), to tumor size (P = 0.02)and ER status (P = 0.01). Higher p53 tumoral concentrationswere found in tumors with large size, pejorative histological grade andnegative ER status. In contrast, p53 tumoral concentrations were notinfluenced by menopausal or PR status. Multivariate Cox analysis demonstratesthat tumor size was the only significant predictor of disease-free survival(P = 0.049) with a risk factor at 1.38. As regards specific survival,univariate Cox analysis indicates that p53 taken as a continuousvariable is a significant predictor (P = 0.024) together withhistological grade, tumor size and ER status. In a multivariate Cox analysisthere were two significant and independent variables for predicting overallsurvival: tumor size (P = 0.031) and ER status (P = 0.015)with the highest risk factor (RR = 2.14). Conclusions:The present investigation points out that theprognostic power of p53 tumor determination evaluated at more than10 years median survival is not higher than the well-recognized classicprognostic factors in node-negative breast cancer. The present data highlightthe need to assess the prognostic value of potentially new biological factorsin node-negative breast cancer on cohorts of patients followed over periodsin excess of 10 years.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008359722254
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A comparison of methods currently used in clinical practice to estimate familial breast cancer risks (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 451-454 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Schlagwort(e): breast cancer ; genetic counselling ; risk assessment
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Background:With the identification of genes predisposing tohereditary breast cancer, the accurate and consistent estimation of a woman'srisk of developing breast cancer based on her family history is of paramountimportance if national service guidelines are to be developed. Patients and methods:The residual lifetime risk of developingbreast cancer was estimated for 200 women attending a breast cancer geneticassessment clinic by three different methods currently in use in the UK. Riskswere computed on the basis of the Cancer and Steroid Hormone (CASH) study dataand were classified as ‘low/moderate’ (〈20%) or ‘high’(〉20%). These risk categories are representative of those currentlyused to allocate surveillance and genetic testing. Risks were then comparedto estimates derived by other methods used in current clinical practice,including those of Houlston and Murday. Results:The CASH data-based method ascribed 27% to thehigh risk category, as compared to 53% for the combined Houlston andMurday methods. A method based on the number of affected relatives aloneascribed only 14% to the high risk category. Overall, 108 (54%)women were placed in the same risk category by all three methods. Conclusions:This study demonstrates that there is a significantdegree of variability between methods currently used to estimate breast cancerrisk which has serious implications for individual patient management, serviceprovision and multicentre studies evaluating the benefits of genetic testingfor breast cancer susceptibility.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008396129543
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Gemcitabine and vinorelbine in pretreated advanced breast cancer: A pilot study (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 495-496 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Schlagwort(e): breast cancer ; gemcitabine ; metastases ; vinorelbine
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Purpose:Gemcitabine (GEM) and vinorelbine (VNR) are both activeagainst advanced breast cancer (ABC), being able to induce a median ORR of25% and 40%, respectively. Because of their different mechanismof action and good tolerability, the combination of GEM and VNR has beentested in ABC. Patients and methods:Twenty-nine ABC patients pretreated withanthracycline-taxane were treated with GEM 1000 mg/m2 on day 1, 8,15, and VNR 25 mg/m2 on day 1 and 8 every twenty-eight days.Analysis of toxicity pattern, response rate, TTP and OS were carried out. Results:Twenty-nine patients were enrolled into the trial. TheORR was 48% (95% CI: 29–67): a CR was observed in threepatients (10%; 95% CI: 2–27), while eleven patients(38%; 95 CI: 21–58) achieved PR, eight (28%) had a SD, andseven (24%) progressed. Toxicity was mainly hematological and included:grade 3 leukopenia in 48% of cases without episodes of neutropenicfever, grade 3–4 thrombocytopenia in 10%, and grade 2 anemia in7%. Non-hematological toxicities were mild and rather infrequent. Conclusions:The GEM–VNR combination seems to be active inpretreated ABC with an acceptable toxicity pattern, and may well reppresentan interesting therapeutic choice after anthracycline/taxane regimens.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008348704373
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Psychosocial predictors of survival: Metastatic breast cancer (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 469-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Schlagwort(e): breast cancer ; Prognostic factors ; psychosocial factors
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Background:Research interest in psychosocial predictors of theonset and course of cancer has been active since the 1950s. Recently wereported associations between psychological factors and survival in patientswith metastatic melanoma. We now report a replication of this study in asample of women with metastatic breast cancer. Patients and methods:Ninety-nine patients with metastatic breastcancer completed questionnaires measuring cognitive appraisal of threat,coping, psychological adjustment, perceived aim of treatment, social supportand quality of life, approximately four months after diagnosis. Survival wasmeasured from date of study entry to date of death or censored at the date oflast follow-up for surviving patients. Results:In a multivariate analysis, four factors independentlypredicted outcome. Patients with metastases in the liver, lung or pleurasurvived for a shorter duration (P 〈 0.001); older patients(P 〈 0.001) and those with a better appetite (P 〈0.05) also lived for a shorter time. Patients who minimised the impact ofcancer survived longer (a median of 29.1 vs. 23.9 months after study entry,P 〈 0.01). Conclusions:Minimisation was also significantly associated withoutcome in patients with metastatic melanoma who participated in anidentically designed study, reported elsewhere. This suggests thatminimisation may have a general impact on cancer progression and deservescloser scrutiny in other cancers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008396330433
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Combination chemotherapy with navelbine and continuous infusion of 5-fluorouracil in metastatic, chemotherapy refractory breast cancer (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 1041-1043 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Schlagwort(e): 5-FU ; breast cancer ; metastatic ; navelbine ; protracted continuous infusion
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Background:The protracted continuous infusion (PCI) of5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has proven in several studies an active and welltolerated treatment for advanced, pretreated breast cancer. Navelbine has alsoactivity in this setting. Patients and methods:Heavily pretreated patients with metastaticbreast carcinoma were eligible for the study. Treatment consisted of 5-FU 250mg/m2 given as a PCI by an elastomeric pump and navelbine 20mg/m2 on days 1 and 8, every four weeks. Eighty-three patients(median age 54 years; range 32–82 years) entered the study. The mediannumber of metastatic tumour sites was 2, with visceral involvement in 56patients. Apart from five patients with contraindications, all patients hadbeen pretreated with anthracyclines. Thirty-one patients had received taxanesand seventy-four bolus 5-FU. Results:A median of 5 cycles (range 1–14) per patient wasadministered. The median duration of 5-FU infusion was 17 weeks (range, 4-90).In the 80 evaluable patients (3 not yet evaluable) 12 complete remissions and24 partial remissions occurred (response rate, 45%). Median durationof response was 9 months. Toxicity was mild. Median survival was 20 months. Conclusions:PCI–5-FU combined with navelbine offers areasonable chance of tumour regression with modest side effects in patientswith heavily pretreated breast cancer.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008333327500
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Adjuvant chemotherapy in node negative breast cancer: Patterns of use and oncologists' preferences (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 631-633 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Schlagwort(e): adjuvant chemotherapy ; attitudes ; breast cancer ; consensus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Background:A worldwide variation in policy is seen regardingadjuvant systemic treatment for node negative breast cancer (NNBC). After thefirst presentations of the 10-year EBCTCG results, a study was carried out inthe Netherlands to assess patterns of care and to obtain the views ofoncologists as to what constitutes a worthwhile benefit from treatment. Methods:A questionnaire regarding patterns of use of andpreferences for adjuvant chemotherapy in younger women was mailed to surgical,medical and radiation oncologists in the Netherlands. Results:Thirty-five percent stated that NNBC patients under 50in their hospital never received adjuvant chemotherapy. The majorityconsidered a 10-year survival gain of 6%–10% sufficientto warrant the use of chemotherapy in patients under 50. Surgical oncologistsrequired a larger benefit from treatment than radiotherapists and medicaloncologists. The more frequently oncologists treated patients in a researchcontext, the less benefit they required from treatment to make it worthwhile. Conclusions:Data such as these are valuable input into theprocess of guideline development, and may help discussion within theprofession as to what benefit offsets the burden of treatment.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008379628579
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Phase II study of docetaxel in patients with liver metastases from breast cancer (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 541-546 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Schlagwort(e): breast cancer ; clinical trial ; docetaxel ; hepatic metastases
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Background:Previous phase II studies of docetaxel have indicatedthat hepatic metastases from breast cancer respond well to first-linetreatment with docetaxel. The objective of this prospective, open label phaseII study therefore was specifically to evaluate the activity and safety ofdocetaxel in this indication. Patients and methods:The study recruited 47 women (mean age 50years, range 33–66 years) with hepatic metastases from breast cancer whofulfilled the eligibility criteria. After premedication with steroids,patients received a one-hour intravenous infusion of docetaxel 100mg/m2 at three-weekly intervals for up to eight cycles. Responseto treatment during medication was assessed after three, six and whereappropriate, eight cycles and every three month follow-up thereafter, untildisease progression or death. Results:The best overall response rate (ORR) for evaluablepatients was 64.3% (95% CI: 48.0%–78.5%).In terms of the primary efficacy parameters, the ORR at the sixth cycle oftreatment was 62% (95% CI: 45%–80%) with17% complete responses. The median duration of response was 139 days(95% CI: 111–216 days) and the median survival durationcalculated on an intent-to-treat basis was 335 days (227–568 days,95% CI). One (2%) toxic death was reported. Conclusions:Docetaxel is a highly effective cytotoxic agent inthe treatment of patients with liver metastases from breast cancer.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008383707159
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sentinel node biopsy as a practical alternative to axillary lymph node dissection in breast cancer patients: An approach to its validity (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 701-705 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Schlagwort(e): breast cancer ; lymph nodes ; sentinel lymph node biopsy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Background:Sentinel node biopsy (SNB) has been proposed as analternative to axillary lymph-node dissection (ALND) in breast cancer. Beforeimplementing SNB in our practice, we wished to test its validity by comparingit to the standard ALND, both in our hands and with other reported series. Patients and methods:One hundred thirty-two patients wereincluded prospectively. SNB and immediate ALND were performed. For SNB, atechnetium-colloid was used to produce preoperative lymphoscintigraphy andintraoperative gamma-probe search for the SN. Serial sectioning andimmunostains were used on the SN. A comprehensive review of the literature wasdone in order to run a meta-analysis of diagnostic tests using a summaryreceiver operating characteristic curve (SROC) to calculate the pooledparameters of sensitivity and associated 95% confidence interval(95% CI), including our own data. Results:Our technical success rate was 96%. Localsensitivity was 96%, with a 95% CI from85%–99%. Seven patients were upstaged by the SNB. Aliterature search identified 18 studies published from 1996–1999.Estimates of sensitivity ranged from 83%–100%. The pooleddata meta-analysis gave a global sensitivity of 91%, with a 95%CI from 89%–93%. The area under the global SROC curve was0.9967. Conclusions:The minimally invasive SNB was shown to be apractical alternative to ALND. We propose to use local as well as globalsensitivity and associated 95% CI to test the validity of SNB in theclinical setting. Due to limitations of ALND as the golden standard, SNB canin fact be considered a more accurate method for nodal staging.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008377910967
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weekly docetaxel plus gemcitabine or vinorelbine in refractory advanced breast cancer patients: A parallel dose-finding study (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 367-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Schlagwort(e): docetaxel + gemcitabine ; docetaxel + vinorelbine ; phase I ; breast cancer
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Purpose:The objective of this study was to determine thedocetaxel MTD when combined with gemcitabine or vinorelbine in advanced breastcancer patients who had received previous anthracycline-based chemotherapy foradvanced disease. Patients and methods:Advanced breast cancer patients aged between18 and 70 with ECOG PS 0–2 who had not responded to, or had relapsedafter, first-line anthracycline-based chemotherapy, were randomized to receiveeither gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 or vinorelbine 25 mg/m2in combination with escalating doses of docetaxel (starting from 30mg/m2), all on days 1 and 8 every three weeks. Escalation wasstopped if 〉33% of patients treated at a given dose level showed DLTat the first cycle. Results:A total of 34 patients with locally advanced (8) ormetastatic disease (26) were treated, for a total of 94 cycles delivered.Nineteen patients received docetaxel in combination with gemcitabine and 15with vinorelbine. All patients had been pretreated with anthracyclines, and24 of 34 had also received weekly dose-dense paclitaxel. A docetaxel dose of40/m2 proved to be safe when combined on days 1 and 8 withgemcitabine, while a dose of 35 mg/m2 was tolerated in combinationwith vinorelbine. Overall, nine episodes of DLT, all of them neutropenia,occurred at the first cycle. Considering all 94 cyles, grades 3 or 4neutropenia and thrombocytopenia occurred in 15 (44%), and 7(20%) patients. Non-hematologic toxicity was mild, except for threecases of grade 2 peripheral neuropathy. All patients were assessed forresponse on an 'intent-to-treat' basis. Overall, five partial responses wererecorded (docetaxel + gemcitabine = 3 and docetaxel + vinorelbine = 2), fora 15% (95% CI: 5%–31%) overall responserate. Only 1 of 24 (4%) patients who had received weekly dose-densepaclitaxel responded to treatment. Conclusions:The weekly docetaxel administration in combinationwith either gemcitabine or vinorelbine is a well-tolerated treatment forheavily pretreated advanced breast cancer patients. This approach, althoughsometimes capable of achieving a major response, does not seem advisable inadvanced breast cancer patients refractory to both anthracyclines andpaclitaxel.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008346708604
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Response to primary chemotherapy in breast cancer patients with tumors not expressing estrogen and progesterone receptors (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 1057-1059 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Schlagwort(e): breast cancer ; estrogen receptor ; progesterone receptor ; preoperative chemotherapy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Background:We recently demonstrated that in premenopausalpatients with estrogen receptors (ER)-absent tumors, early initiation ofsystemic chemotherapy after primary surgery might improve outcome. These dataindicate a different responsiveness to chemotherapy for tumors not expressinghormone receptors. To test this hypothesis we evaluated the responsiveness topreoperative chemotherapy in patients with ER and progesterone receptors(PgR)-absent tumors. Patients and methods:Patients with biopsy-provenT2–T3, N0–2 breast cancertreated at a single institution from January 1995 to August 1999 withpreoperative chemotherapy were retrospectively evaluated. ER and PgR weredetermined immunohistochemically and classified for this purpose as absent(0% of the cells positive) or positive (≥1% of the cells). Results:On 117 evaluable patients 72 had an objective response(61%). A significant difference in response was observed for patientswith ER and PgR absent compared with those with ER and/or PgR-positive tumors(82% vs. 57%,P = 0.03 Fishers's exact test).Pathological complete remission rates were also significantly different in thetwo groups (23% vs. 7%, respectively; P = 0.04). Conclusions:The different degree of response according to hormonereceptors expression supports the hypothesis that tumors not expressing bothER and PgR might represent a different clinical entity in terms ofchemotherapy responsiveness.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008334404825
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Kinetic Analysis of the Decomposition of Chelates of Di-alkyldithiocarbamate of Cd(II) (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 59 (2000), S. 633-642 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Schlagwort(e): cadmium ; dialkyldithiocarbamate ; kinetics ; thermal decomposition ; thermogravimetry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The thermal decomposition kinetics of the solid complexes Cd(S2 CNR2 )2 , where R =C2 H5 , n -C3 H7 , n -C4 H9 or iso -C4 H9 , was studied by using isothermal and non-isothermal thermogravimetry. The superimposed TG/DTG/DSC curves revealed that thermal decomposition reactions occur in the liquid phase. The kinetic model that best fitted the experimental isothermal TG data was the one-dimensional phase-boundary reaction-controlled process R1 . The thermal analysis data suggested the thermal stability sequence Cd(S2 CNBun 2 )2 〉Cd(S2 CNPrn 2 )2 〉Cd(S2 CNBui 2 )2 〉Cd(S2 CNEt2 )2 , which accords with the sequence of stability of the apparent activation energies.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010120813517
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies of Facial and Meridional uns-cis-[Co(eddp)gly] Complexes (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 59 (2000), S. 807-814 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Schlagwort(e): facial and meridional Co(III) complexes ; kinetics ; thermodynamics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Thermal properties of facial and meridional uns-cis-[Co(eddp)gly]0.5H2O complexes were investigated by means of DSC and TG techniques. It wasshown that the processes of thermal decomposition of these complexes are multi-stepdegradation processes, which can also be well separated into individual steps, depending onthe molecular symmetry. Thus, the process of thermal degradation of the meridional isomerof the above complex consists of 4 well-separated steps in the temperature interval from 100to 500°C. The corresponding kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of this process weredetermined, and a possible mechanism is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010157821694
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of Some Metal Complexes of N,N-diethyl-n '-benzoylthiourea (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 61 (2000), S. 955-965 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Schlagwort(e): kinetics ; metal complexes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) were performed on the complexes with general formula (M(DEBT)n (where M =Fe, Co, Ni, Cu or Ru; n =2, or 3 and DEBT=N,N-diethyl-N'-benzoylthiourea). Derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) curves were also recorded in order to obtain decomposition data on the complexes. The complexes of Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Ru(III) displayed two- or three-stage decomposition patterns when heated in a dynamic nitrogen atmosphere. Mass loss considerations relating to the decomposition stages indicated the conversion of the complexes to the sulfides or to the corresponding metal alone (Cu, Ru, NiS, CoS or FeS). Mathematical analysis of the TG and DTG data showed that the order of reaction varied between 0.395 and 0.973. Kinetic parameters such as the decomposition energy, the entropy of activation and the pre-exponential factor are reported.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010171230450
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fast Gas Adsorption Measurements For Complicated Adsorption Mechanisms (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 62 (2000), S. 429-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Schlagwort(e): adsorption ; fast measurement ; gravimetry ; kinetics ; sorption ; kw6
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Jäntti introduced a method to reduce the time required for the stepwise measurement of adsorption isotherms. After each pressure change he measured the adsorbed mass three times and calculated its equilibrium value at the new pressure. In the present paper, we discuss the applicability of this method in a broader scope without starting from a given combination of sorptive and adsorbent and the influence of measuring inaccuracies. The method is applied to detect whether the adsorption process is based on more than one adsorption mechanism or not.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010190131304
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Study of Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of Low-temperature Reaction of Ammonium Perchlorate by Isothermal TG (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 63 (2000), S. 375-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Schlagwort(e): activation energy ; ammonium perchlorate ; decompositon ; isothermal ; kinetics ; thermogravimetry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The kinetics of the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate at temperatures between 215 and 260°C is studied, in this work, by measuring the sample mass loss as a function of time applying the isothermal thermogravimetric method. From the maximum decomposition rate – temperature dependence two different decomposition stages, corresponding to two different structural phases of ammonium perchlorate, are identified. For the first region (215–235°C), corresponding to the orthorhombic phase, the mean value of the activation energy of 146.3 kJ mol–1, and the pre-exponential factor of 3.43⋅1014 min–1 are obtained, whereas for the second region (240–260°C), corresponding to the cubic phase, the mean value of the activation energy of153.3 kJ mol–1, and the pre-exponential factor of 4.11⋅1014 min–1 are obtained.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010136308310
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Theoretical and Experimental Investigations of The Decomposition of 10-methylacridinium Halides (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 60 (2000), S. 35-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Schlagwort(e): kinetics ; 10-methylacridinium halides ; thermodynamics ; thermogravimetric investigations
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract 10-Methylacridinium chloride, bromide and iodide were prepared in crystalline forms (the first two salts as monohydrates) and subjected to thermogravimetric investigations. Decomposition of the compounds is initially accompanied by the liberation of water (in case of monohydrates), halomethanes and acridine molecules. As decomposition proceeds, side reactions occur which are reflected in a complex pattern of thermogravimetric curves. TG traces corresponding to the initial decomposition stage were used to determine the kinetic characteristics of the thermal dissociation of the salts. MNDO/d, AM1 and PM3 methods were employed independently to examine reaction pathways and to predict thermodynamic and kinetic barriers for the thermal decomposition of the compounds. These data were subsequently supplemented with theoretically determined crystal lattice energies, which enabled the relevant characteristics for the decomposition of crystalline phases to be predicted. The theoretically predicted characteristics are qualitatively comparable with those originating from thermogravimetric investigations, which allows one to believe that both are valid.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010160132175
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Thermal Decomposition of Triazine Herbicides. I. 1,2-(4-chloro-6-ethylamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-ylamino)-2-methylpropionitrile (cyanazine) (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 60 (2000), S. 103-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Schlagwort(e): cyanazine ; DSC ; kinetics ; thermal stability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Cyanazine was taken as an example for investigations under the influence of different conditions on thermal decomposition of triazine herbicides. DSC measurements were carried out under atmospheric pressure and hermetically closed, under pressure 1.3 kPa. The influence of the pressure on the constant reaction rate of decomposition of cyanazine was discussed. It was also proved that the predicted reaction constant rates from isothermal and non-isothermal measurements are consistent.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010132820788
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Influence of Gas Atmosphere on Removal of Sulphate Groups From Titanium Oxide (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 60 (2000), S. 247-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Schlagwort(e): desulfuration ; gas atmosphere ; kinetics ; thermal decomposition ; titanium dioxide
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The studies were devoted to determination of the effect of gas atmosphere and its pressure on the second step of decomposition of hydrated titanium dioxide (HTD) promoted by sulfate groups. It has been found that thermal decomposition of HTD at temperatures above 300°C consists of a number of processes such as dehydroxylation, desulfuration, recrystallization and sintering of solid grains, photochemical processes (if the decomposition proceeds in the presence of light) and adsorption of gas phase components (in the presence of air or SO2). Kinetic parameters characterizing this step of decomposition have been determined for processes carried out in vacuum and in argon or air atmospheres (at a pressure of 13.33hPa). The kinetic curves of decomposition carried out in the presence of gases capable of being adsorbed on the surface of partly dehydrated HTD are featured by local extrema due to simultaneous processes of decomposition and adsorption of gas components.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010178130783
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Solid State Coordination Chemistry. The quantitative thermoanalytical study of thermal dissociation reactions (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 60 (2000), S. 9-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Schlagwort(e): coordination compounds ; kinetics ; thermal dissociation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Physicalo-chemical importance of the quantitative study of kineticliability of coordination compounds in thermal dissociation processes is considered. Muchattention is given to the proof of the physicalo-chemical meaning and validity of kineticparameters calculated from thermoanalytical data. Experimental data (thermal dissociation ofcoordination compounds and clathrates with such a matrix) are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010148028796
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The Effect of Cross-linked Polyethylene As a Surface Modifier on Crystallization of Polypropylene (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 60 (2000), S. 401-407 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Schlagwort(e): cross-linking ; isothermal crystallization ; kinetics ; modification ; polypropylene ; silica
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The effect of addition of silica on the parameters of isothermal crystallization of polypropylene has been investigated. It was found that the covering of the silica surface by a layer of low-density polyethylene leads to a deactivation of the filler regarding the positive effect on the polypropylene crystallization rate parameters. Cross-linking of the surface polyethylene layer results in a stronger attachment of the modifying polymer to the filler surface and the deactivation effect of the silica surface modification is more pronounced.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010129106561
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Formation of Cr(II) Species in the H2/CrO3 System. Parameter control (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 60 (2000), S. 541-547 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Schlagwort(e): Cr(II) ; chromium trioxide ; kinetics ; reduction ; thermal analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The thermal behaviour of CrO3 on heating up to 600°C in dynamic atmospheres of air, N2 and H2 was examined by thermogravimetry (TG), differential thermal analysis (DTA), IR spectroscopy and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The results revealed three major thermal events, depending to different extents on the surrounding atmosphere: (i) melting of CrO3 near 215°C (independent of the atmosphere), (ii) decomposition into Cr2(CrO4)3 at 340–360°C (insignificantly dependent), and (iii) decomposition of the chromate into Cr2O3 at 415–490°C (significantly dependent). The decomposition CrO3 → Cr2(CrO4)3 is largely thermal and involves exothermic deoxygenation and polymerization reactions, whereas the decomposition Cr2(CrO4)3 → Cr2O3 involves endothermic reductive deoxygenation reactions in air (or N2) which are greatly accelerated and rendered exothermic in the presence of H2. TG measurements as a function of heating rate (2–50°C min−1) demonstrated the acceleratory role of H2, which extended to the formation of Cr(II) species. This could sustain a mechanism whereby H2 molecules are considered to chemisorb dissociatively, and then spillover to induce the reduction. DTA measurements as a function of the heating rate (2–50°C min−1) helped in the derivation of non-isothermal kinetic parameters strongly supportive of the mechanism envisaged.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010142904261
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Kinetic Modeling of Advanced Inorganic Glass-ceramics Formation by Crystal Growth From Pre-existing Nuclei (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 60 (2000), S. 667-674 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Schlagwort(e): accommodation function ; crystal growth ; glass-ceramics ; kinetics ; number of nuclei ; thermal history
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Kinetic modeling of the crystal growth from pre-existing nuclei was reexamined to obtain a fundamental information about the controlled crystallization of glasses during formation of advanced inorganic glass-ceramics. Methods of kinetic analysis were reviewed by taking account of thermal history of the sample within the temperature range of nucleation. An accommodation function depending on the thermal history was introduced in the kinetic equation. The role of the accommodation function was reinvestigated when determining the activation energy from a series of kinetic curves. The kinetic description of the crystal growth in the samples with different thermal history was generalized by extrapolating the rate behavior to infinite temperature.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010123805594
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Temperature Modulated DSC. Theoretical interpretation (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 60 (2000), S. 333-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Schlagwort(e): base line ; DSC ; kinetics ; modeling ; thermodynamics ; TMDSC
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The application of non-linear heating program to a heat-flux DSC apparatus has attracted much attention. From thermodynamics viewpoint, it is shown that the variation of enthalpy of a sample changing with temperature change is due, to both the true heat capacity of the sample and the enthalpy of some transformations occurring in the sample, characterized by its degree of advance. Using the simple assumption that the rate of the transformation is proportional to the distance from the thermodynamic equilibrium, an electrical model of the thermal event is given. Using the coupled cell model of the DSC apparatus, we show how to obtain the rate of transformation of the sample and heat capacity, which is directly related to the base line of the experiment.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010148200201
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Practical Thermogravimetry (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 60 (2000), S. 759-778 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Schlagwort(e): decomposition temperature ; error sources ; gas-flow and vapor control ; kinetics ; thermogravimetry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The well-known divergence between the present ‘state of the art’ of thermogravimetry and industrial requirements is discussed. Sources of errors are analyzed and the optimization of measuring conditions is discussed regarding the problems associated with static and dynamic (flow) atmospheres, and interactions between materials and gases or vapors. Recommendations for gas-flow control systems and vapor sources are given. Thermal stability and the kinetics of gas-evolving, reversible, thermal decompositions of solids are discussed. The scope of TG-derived kinetics for practical use is examined. Some new characteristic points of TG curves are proposed and defined, e.g. ‘procedure-independent decomposition temperature’ and ‘augmented decomposition temperature’ (obtained at pseudo-equilibrium conditions).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010187019979
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The Thermodynamic Driving Force in the Kinetic Evaluation of Thermoanalytical Curves (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 60 (2000), S. 879-886 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Schlagwort(e): driving force ; kinetics ; rate equation ; reversible reactions
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract This paper outlines the different ways of taking the distance from thermodynamic equilibrium into account in kinetic studies based on thermoanalytical experiments. The three main approaches are: (i) avoiding or neglecting the effect of the reverse reaction, (ii) describing the influence of distance from equilibrium on apparent kinetic parameters, and (iii) incorporating a driving force factor in the rate equation. Finally, the contradiction of the microscopic nature of the processes and the macroscopic character of the usual rate equation are briefly discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010159708593
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Kinetic Analysis of the Thermal Decomposition of Synthetic Malachite by CRTA (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 60 (2000), S. 943-954 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Schlagwort(e): CRTA ; kinetics ; self-generated atmospheric conditions ; synthetic malachite ; thermal decomposition
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The kinetic behavior of the thermal decomposition of synthetic malachite was investigated by means of CRTA under different conditions of reduced pressure, flowing gases and quasi-isobaric atmospheres. The thermal decomposition was found to proceed at lower temperatures under the influence of the self-generated gases, CO2 and H2O. From a viewpoint of chemical equilibrium, the normal and opposite effects on the overall kinetics were observed for the self-generated CO2 and H2O, respectively. The complexity of the present reaction is also reflected by the variations of the apparent kinetic parameters which depend on the applied and self-generated atmospheric conditions. The practical usefulness of CRTA when applied to a complicated thermal decomposition is discussed as exemplified by the kinetic approaches to the present reaction.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010172111319
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Thermal Studies on Some Lanthanide Complexes (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 61 (2000), S. 151-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Schlagwort(e): complexes ; kinetics ; TG-DTA
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Thermal behaviour of a few lanthanide complexes of the type ML3(I) [M=Eu,Gd; HL=4,4,4-trifluoro- 1-(2-napthyl)-1,3-butanedione and EuL30.5dmm dmm=2,6-dimethylmorpholine(II)], has been investigated. From thermogravimetric(TG) curves, the decomposition pattern of the compounds has been analysed on the basis of mass loss data. The order and activation energy of the thermal decomposition reactions have been elucidated. From differential thermal analysis (DTA) studies, the heat of reaction and rate of thermal decomposition reaction have been enumerated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010172926826
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Non-isothermal Kinetic Study of the Heterogeneous Thermal Decomposition of a Mannich Compound (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 61 (2000), S. 239-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Schlagwort(e): kinetics ; Mannich compounds ; thermal decomposition
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The authors present data concerning the evaluation of kinetic parameters of the decomposition of a Mannich compound by using the classical method of constant heating rate thermal analysis and the new one of controlled rate thermal analysis (CRTA). The data processed using the CRTA method allow to obtain more reliable kinetic parameters according to the proposed reaction mechanism.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010197632277
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Polypropylene Crystallization in an Ethylene-propylene-diene Rubber Matrix (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 61 (2000), S. 437-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Schlagwort(e): crystallization ; EPDM ; kinetics ; morphology ; PP ; rubber
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The effect of the incorporation of an amorphous immiscible polymer (ethylene-propylene-diene- terpolymer) on the PP crystallization kinetics and thermodynamics is investigated by thermal analysis. The results of the investigation have shown that EPDM acts as a nucleant agent. A marked decrease of the half time of PP crystallization, τ1/2 , as well as a sensible increase of the overall crystallization rate, K n , has been observed in the presence of EPDM. Moreover, at any crystallization temperature, a minimum of τ1/2 , is obtained at 25% EPDM content in the blend. The Avrami model has been successfully applied to describe the crystallization kinetics of the blend. The kinetic curves obtained under non-isothermal conditions confirm the results obtained under isothermal conditions and demonstrate the nucleant action of the EPDM phase on the PP crystallization.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010165317028
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    TG and DTA Study of the Thermal Dehydration of Metal-exchanged Zeolite-4A Samples (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 62 (2000), S. 721-727 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Schlagwort(e): kinetics ; metal exchange ; thermaldehydration ; zeolite
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Zeolite-4A is a hydrated aluminosilicate which becomes more hydrated when exchanged with transition metals. In this work, the dehydration kinetics of cobalt, nickel and copper(II)-exchanged zeolite-4A were studied by means of TG and DTA over the temperature range from 20 to 500°C, and the numbers of water molecules in the metal-exchanged zeolite samples were calculated. It was observed that, as the ionic radius of the hydrated metal increased, the number of water molecules also increased. The loss of water from the zeolite samples generally occurred in the temperature range 100–300°C and was manifested in the DTA graphs by an extended endothermic effect. The DTA curves demonstrated that the peak position shifted towards lower temperatures as the metal concentration increased or, in other words, the water of hydration increased. The kinetic parameters (order of reaction and activation energy) were calculated via the Coats and Redfern method. The process of dehydration was found to follow first-order kinetics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026725509732
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Kinetic Equations for Thermal Dissociation Processes. Part I. KEKAM equation (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 63 (2000), S. 359-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Schlagwort(e): KEKAM equation ; kinetics ; thermal dissociation of solids
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Relationships have been established between the average conversion degree and the dissociation time for polydisperse granular material, taking its grain size distribution into account. It has been checked in which cases the kinetic curves obtained by a numerical solution can be described in terms of KEKAM equation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010184224240
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Critical Analysis of the Isoconversional Methods for Evaluating the Activation Energy. II. The activation energy obtained from isothermal data corresponding to two successive reactions (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 63 (2000), S. 465-469 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Schlagwort(e): isoconversional methods ; kinetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract An analysis is presented of the consequences of the use of a one term equation containing apparent activation parameters, instead of the true rate equation to describe two successive decomposition reactions undergone by a solid compound. It is demonstrated that the apparent activation energy, obtained by means of isoconversional differential and integral methods, varies with the conversion degree for a relatively narrow temperature range and with temperature at a given value of the conversion degree. The activation energy values obtained with the isoconversional differential method are higher than the corresponding values obtained with the isoconversional integral method.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010100712853
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Kinetics of Thermal Decomposition of Plumbo-jarosite (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 59 (2000), S. 869-875 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Schlagwort(e): decomposition ; kinetics ; plumbo-jarosite
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract An investigation was carried out on the kinetics of thermal decomposition of plumbo-jarosite. The kinetic models of dissociation of the compounds in the ore were identified. The results of the kinetic studies and the mechanism of the process are discussed. The thermal decomposition of plumbo-jarosite occurs in three stages: the first up to 763, the second up to 1023 and the third up to 1223 K, the corresponding activation energy values being 62.2, 60.3 and 98.0 kJ mol–1 , respectively.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010122308490
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Thermal Characterization of Passivated Nanometer Size Aluminium Powders (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 61 (2000), S. 805-818 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Schlagwort(e): aluminium ; ARC ; DSC ; kinetics ; nanometric size ; SDT ; TG
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The thermal properties of Alex, a nanosized Al powder, were determined using various techniques, including DSC, TG, simultaneous TG-DTA (SDT) and accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC). The results demonstrate that the specific heat capacities of nano and micron size Al powders are similar between 30 and 400°C. Dynamic and isothermal methods were used to determine the kinetic parameters for the oxidation reaction of Alex, which was detected at an onset temperature of 481°C. The results obtained were in good agreement with each other. From the ARC experiments, exotherms were detected near 340 and 260°C for experiments started at ambient pressure and at 0.72 MPa, respectively.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010197115003
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Thermal and Spectroscopic Studies on the Decomposition of Some Aminoguanidine Nitrates (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 61 (2000), S. 861-871 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Schlagwort(e): DAGN ; kinetics ; mechanism and IR spectroscopy ; TAGN ; thermal decomposition
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Diaminoguanidine nitrate (DAGN) and triaminoguanidine nitrate (TAGN),potential energetic materials in emerging propulsion technology with high mass impetus at low isochoric flame temperature have been studied as regards kinetics and mechanism of thermal decomposition using thermogravimetry (TG), differential thermal analysis (DTA),infrared spectroscopy (IR) and hot stage microscopy. Kinetics of thermolysis has been followed by isothermal TG and IR. For the initial stage of thermolysis of DAGN the best linearity with a correlation coefficient of 0.9976 was obtained for the Avrami-Erofe'evequation, n=2, by isothermal TG. The activation energy was found to be 130 kJ mol–1 and logA=11.4. The initial stage of thermolysis of TAGN also obeyed the Avrami-Erofe'ev equation, n=2, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9975by isothermal TG and the kinetic parameters are E=160.0 kJ mol–1 and logA=16.0. High temperature IR spectra showed exquisite preferential loss in intensity of the NH2, NH, N–N stretching and CNN bending. Spectroscopic and other results favour deamination reaction involving the rupture of the N–N bond as the primary step in the thermal decomposition.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010113707251
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fractal Approach in the Kinetics of Solid-Gas Decompositions. Part II (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 61 (2000), S. 979-984 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Schlagwort(e): kinetics ; nucleation-growth
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The author presents some applications of the fractal geometry in the kinetics of heterogeneous decomposition of solids.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010175415429
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Study of The Mechanism and Kinetic Parameters of The Thermal Decomposition of Cobalt Sulphate Hexahydrate (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 59 (2000), S. 935-942 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Schlagwort(e): CoSO46H2O ; kinetics ; thermal decomposition
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Thermogravimetry (TG-DTG), and differential thermal analysis (DTA) were used in the study of the kinetics of decomposition of cobalt sulphate hexahydrate under an air atmosphere. The kinetics of the particular stages of CoSO4 6H2 O decomposition were evaluated from the dynamic mass loss data. The values of the kinetic parameters for each stage of the thermal decomposition were calculated from the α(T) data by using the integral method, applying the Coats-Redfern approximation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010186628054
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Kinetic Study of the Accelerating Effect of Coal-burning Additives on the Combustion of Graphite (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 62 (2000), S. 681-685 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Schlagwort(e): coal-burning additive ; combustion ; graphite ; kinetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The catalytic and accelerating effects of three coal-burning additives (CBA) on the burning of graphite were studied with the help of thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. The kinetic study on the catalytic oxidation of the graphite doped with CBA was carried out and the results were presented. The results show that the CBA can change the carbon oxidation/combustion course by catalytic action and change the activation energy, thus improving the combustion efficiency.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026769323844
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Critical Analysis of the Isoconversional Methods for Evaluating the Activation Energy. I. Theoretical background (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 63 (2000), S. 457-463 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Schlagwort(e): isoconversional methods ; kinetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract It is demonstrated that, if the activation energy depends on the degree of conversion, its values obtained by isoconversional differential and integral methods are different.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010148611036
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  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Modeling of the Phase Transformation Induced by Ball Milling in Anatase TiO2 (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of materials synthesis and processing 8 (2000), S. 139-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4870
    Schlagwort(e): TiO2 ; phase transformations ; mechanical alloying ; kinetics ; modeling
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract A high-pressure and high-temperature phase of TiO2 : TiO2 II is formed transiently during room-temperature high-energy ball milling of anatase TiO2 : TiO2 anatase → TiO2 II → TiO2 rutile. Rutile is the only phase present after prolonged ball milling. The present paper focuses on the influences of physical and chemical processing conditions on the transformation kinetics. The effects of two milling parameters on the kinetics of phase transformation of anatase TiO2 were investigated: the nature of milling tools and the powder-to-ball weight ratio R. Granulometric characterizations and TEM observations have demonstrated that the transformation of TiO2 anatase into TiO2 II occurs without fracturing of particles and that TiO2 II nanograins form at the surface of anatase particles. The parameter R affects only the transformation rate. For a given R, the transformation rate is the largest with alumina grinding tools, intermediate with zirconia tools, and the smallest with steel tools. The parameters involved in current models of the mechanical alloying process do not suffice to explain the differences in transformation rates observed here. A parameter, which takes into account the influence of the mechanical properties of grinding materials, is considered.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011351807629
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  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Relating Single-Impact Events to Macrokinetic Features in Mechanical Alloying Processes (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of materials synthesis and processing 8 (2000), S. 271-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4870
    Schlagwort(e): Comminution ; kinetics ; mechanical alloying ; phase transformation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract It has been shown that structural evolution occurring in powder mixtures subjected to mechanical treatment by milling follow well-defined conversion trends as a function of milling time. Sigmoidal curves were observed in the case of the mechanical alloying of transition metal mixtures, whereas a simpler kinetic course with a progressively decreasing transformation rate was found to characterize the disordering process of intermetallic equilibrium compounds by mechanical milling. Under the stipulation that collisions are the dominant energy transfer events, a kinetic model is developed to relate the observed macrokinetic features to the discrete powder fractions, which transform at each impact. Because of its intrinsic qualities, the milling process was regarded as discrete processing. A statistical approach was followed to work out a set of differential equations, solutions of which provide a sound description of the transformation kinetics in terms of conventional rate expressions. The model allows one to reproduce the different kinetic behaviors by means of a single, unifying mathematical formalism. Furthermore, quantifying the structural evolution rate by suitable kinetic constants permits the exploration of the reactive behavior of a system treated under different milling regimes or to compare, on an absolute basis, different systems processed under similar conditions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011382008963
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  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    High-Temperature Oxidation Behavior of the Co-Base Superalloy DZ40M in Air (2000)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 53 (2000), S. 351-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Schlagwort(e): Co-base superalloy ; high-temperature oxidation ; kinetics ; structure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract The oxidation behavior of the Co-base superalloy DZ40M was studied in air at900–1100°C for times of up to 2000 hr. The results indicated thatthis alloy can grow a protective oxide scale at 900 and 1000°C duringisothermal oxidation, but not at 1100°C because of serious cracking andspalling of the oxide scales. Moreover, an internal-precipitate zone formedin the subsurface region of the alloy at all temperatures and times. Theprecipitates were rich in Cr in the vicinity of the alloy–scaleinterface and rich in Al deep in the alloy. The internal-precipitatemorphology changed from a granular to needlelike shape with increasingoxidation temperature.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004597405809
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Analysis of Aluminum—Yeast Hexokinase Interaction: Modifications on Protein Structure and Functionality (2000)
    Springer
    The protein journal 19 (2000), S. 199-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4943
    Schlagwort(e): Aluminum ; yeast hexokinase ; preferential interactions ; kinetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The aluminum and yeast hexokinase interaction was studied. Structural changes were correlated with variations in protein functionality. Results show two different behaviors: At low metal concentrations preferential adsorption of metal (and water exclusion) induces aggregate formation. No significant changes in the protein structure occur, but there is a continuous loss of activity (from the first concentration). At large salt concentrations a monomerization process and a conformational change in the secondary structure as well as in the three-dimensional structure take place. This change reduces the percentage of α-helix conformation, gives thermal stability to the protein, and allows the exposure of some tryptophan residue and hydrophobic regions. The protein inhibition increases. Conformational change and monomerization may allow access of the metal to the substrate site, mainly the ATP site. The inhibition in any case is of mixed type with a competitive component.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007055719926
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A Comparative Study of Human Muscle and Brain Creatine Kinases Expressed in Escherichia coli (2000)
    Springer
    The protein journal 19 (2000), S. 59-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4943
    Schlagwort(e): Creatine kinase ; human ; expression ; brain ; muscle ; purification ; kinetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract We report the expression of the human muscle (CK-MM) and brain (CK-BB) creatine kinases in Escherichia coli. The proteins have been purified to apparent homogeneity and several of their physical and kinetic properties investigated. In the process, we have conclusively verified the correct DNA sequence of the genes encoding the respective isozymes, and determined the correct primary structure and mass of the gene products. Alignment of the primary sequences of these two enzymes shows 81% sequence identity with each other, and no obvious gross structural differences. However, Western blot analyses demonstrated the general lack of antigenic cross-reactivity between these isozymes. Preliminary kinetic analyses show the K m and k cat values for the creatine and MgATP substrates are similar to values reported for other isozymes from various tissues and organisms. The human muscle and brain CKs do not, however, exhibit the synergism of substrate binding that is observed, for example, in rabbit muscle creatine kinase.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007047026691
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  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stabilization of ammonium dinitramide in the liquid phase (2000)
    Springer
    Russian chemical bulletin 49 (2000), S. 1974-1976 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9171
    Schlagwort(e): ammonium dinitramide ; thermal decomposition ; kinetics ; stabilization ; isotope composition
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The kinetics of accumulation of the main products of thermal decomposition of ammonium dinitramide in the melt was investigated. The isotope composition of nitrogen-containing gases evolved by the decomposition of 15NH4N(NO2)2 and NH4 15N(NO2)2 was found. Easily oxidized salts, amines, amides, iodides, and other compounds soluble in the melt interfere with the liquid-phase decomposition of ammonium dinitramide.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009555405171
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The kinetics and mechanism of cyclodimerization of alkylthiopropenals (2000)
    Springer
    Russian chemical bulletin 49 (2000), S. 1977-1980 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9171
    Schlagwort(e): 2-alkylthiopropenals ; Diels–Alder reaction ; kinetics ; reaction mechanism ; 2,5-dialkylthio-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-carbaldehyde ; IR spectroscopy ; ab initio calculations
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The kinetics of 2-alkylthiopropenals cyclodimerization was studied in the temperature range from -7 to +42 °C in heptane and at 20 °C in various solvents. The rate constants for cyclodimerization of 2-alkylthiopropenals are four orders of magnitude higher than those for dimerization of the oxygen-containing analogs, 2-alkoxypropenals, and are independent of the solvent polarity and substituent steric constant. The activation parameters for 2-butylthiopropenal cyclodimerization were estimated. The distribution of electron density in the 2-methoxy- and 2-methylthiopropenals molecules was calculated by the ab initio method. From comparison of the HOMO and LUMO energies for these aldehydes it was concluded that the ratio between the cyclodimerization rates for 2-alkylthio-, 2-ethoxypropenals, and propenal is determined by the HOMO–LUMO gap.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009507522009
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cooperative Interactions in Photosensitized Modification of DNA with Oligonucleotide-derived Binary Reagents (2000)
    Springer
    Molecular biology 34 (2000), S. 814-822 
    Details
    ISSN: 1608-3245
    Schlagwort(e): DNA ; kinetics ; oligonucleotide derivatives ; photomodification ; sensitization
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Quantitative characteristics of thermodynamic and kinetic cooperativity arising in the process of photomodification of a single-stranded DNA fragment with binary systems of oligonucleotide conjugates forming an active site on the target were studied. Oligonucleotides of the binary system were complementary to adjacent segments of the DNA target, and contained arylazide (X) and perylene (S) residues covalently attached to their terminal phosphates. Upon irradiation at the perylene absorption wavelength, the target was modified by the arylazide residue, which was activated owing to the contiguity with the sensitizing perylene group in the tandem complex. Basing on the kinetic data, the constants of association of both derivatives of oligonucleotides with the target were determined: K x = 1.13 · 106 M–1, K s = 1.49 · 104 M–1. It was determined that association of both oligonucleotides with the target proceeded with a positive cooperativity characterized by parameter α = 45. The kinetic cooperativity parameter β was found to be approximately equal to 200; this characterized the acceleration of target modification in complex with the binary reagent versus that in the absence of sensitizer.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026619607955
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Functional Properties of Lactate Dehydrogenase from Dunaliella salina and Its Role in Glycerol Synthesis (2000)
    Springer
    Russian journal of plant physiology 47 (2000), S. 761-771 
    Details
    ISSN: 1608-3407
    Schlagwort(e): Dunaliella salina ; lactate dehydrogenase ; kinetics ; glycerol synthesis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The dependence of the catalytic properties of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, EC 1.1.1.27) from a halophilic alga Dunaliella salina, a glycophilic alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, and from porcine muscle on glycerol concentration, medium pH, and temperature was investigated. Several chemical properties of the enzyme from D. salina differentiated it from the LDH preparation obtained from C. reinhardtii and any homologous enzymes of plant, animal, and bacterial origin. (1) V max of pyruvate reduction manifested low sensitivity to the major intracellular osmolyte, glycerol. (2) The affinity of LDH for its coenzyme NADH dropped in the physiological pH region of 6–8. Above pH 8, NADH virtually did not bind to LDH, while the enzyme affinity for pyruvate did not change considerably. (3) The enzyme thermostability was extremely low: LDH was completely inactivated at room temperature within 30 min. The optimum temperature for pyruvate reduction (32°C) was considerably lower than with the enzyme preparations from C. reinhardtii (52°C) and porcine muscle (61°C). (4) NADH greatly stabilized LDH: the ratio of LDH inactivation constants in the absence of the coenzyme and after NADH addition at the optimum temperature in the preparation from D. salina exceeded the corresponding indices of LDH preparations from C. reinhardtii twelve times and from porcine muscle eight times. The authors believe that these LDH properties match the specific metabolism of D. salina which is set at rapid glycerol synthesis under hyperosmotic stress conditions. The increase of cytoplasmic pH value produced in D. salina by the hyperosmotic shock can switch off the terminal reaction of the glycolytic pathway and thus provide for the most efficient utilization of NADH in the cycle of glycerol synthesis. As LDH is destabilized in the absence of NADH, this reaction is also switched off. In the course of alga adaptation to the hyperosmotic shock, glycerol accumulation and the neutralization of intracellular pH stabilize LDH, thus creating the conditions for restoring the complete glycolytic cycle.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026607211936
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Kinetic study of a thermostable β-glycosidase of Thermus thermophilus. Effects of temperature and glucose on hydrolysis and transglycosylation reactions (2000)
    Springer
    Glycoconjugate journal 17 (2000), S. 377-383 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4986
    Schlagwort(e): β-glycosidase ; temperature dependence ; kinetics ; glucose ; transglycosylation ; (Thermus thermophilus)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract A β-glycosidase of a thermophile, Thermus thermophilus, belonging to the glycoside hydrolase family 1, was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The purified enzyme (Ttβgly) has a broad substrate specificity towards β-D-glucoside, β-D-galactoside and β-D-fucoside derivatives. The thermostability of Ttβgly was exploited to study its kinetic properties within the range 25–80[emsp4 ]°C. Whatever the temperature, except around 60[emsp4 ]°C, the enzyme displayed non-Michaelian kinetic behavior. Ttβgly was inhibited by high concentrations of substrate below 60[emsp4 ]°C and was activated by high concentrations of substrate above 60[emsp4 ]°C. The apparent kinetic parameters (k cat and K m ) were calculated at different temperatures. Both k cat and K m increased with an increase in temperature, but up to 75[emsp4 ]°C the values of k cat increased much more rapidly than the values of K m . The observed kinetics might be due to a combination of factors including inhibition by excess substrate and stimulation due to transglycosylation reactions. Our results show that the substrate could act not only as a glycosyl donor but also as a glycosyl acceptor. In addition, when the glucose was added to reaction mixtures, inhibition or activation was observed depending on both substrate concentration and temperature. A reaction model is proposed to explain the kinetic behavior of Ttβgly. The scheme integrates the inhibition observed at high concentrations of substrate and the activation due to transglycosylation reactions implicating the existence of a transfer subsite.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007104030314
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Expression of bone sialoprotein and osteopontin in breast cancer bone metastases (2000)
    Springer
    Clinical & experimental metastasis 18 (2000), S. 253-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7276
    Schlagwort(e): bone sialoprotein ; osteopontin ; breast cancer ; metastasis ; bone metastases ; immunohistochemistry ; in situ hybridization
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osteopontin (OPN) are prominent, mineral-associated proteins in the extracellular matrix of bone that have been implicated in the metastatic activity of cancer cells. The expression of BSP, which is normally restricted to mineralizing tissues, has been observed in cancers with a high propensity for forming bone metastases. To investigate the relationship between BSP expression and the formation of bone metastases we have conducted an initial study of the expression of BSP in 10 intraductal breast carcinoma bone metastases using immunostaining and in situ hybridization, and compared the expression with OPN. The metastases were characterized by the infiltration of tumour cells into bone with extensive bone resorption evident. Moderate to strong staining for BSP was observed in all (100%) carcinomas, which also expressed BSP mRNA as determined by in situ hybridization. Variable staining for BSP was also observed in the mineralized bone and expression of BSP mRNA could be observed in osteoblastic cells on the bone surface and in some osteocytes at sites of bone remodelling. Contrary to a previous report, BSP expression could be demonstrated by PCR in three breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7, T47-D and MDA-MB-231. Moreover, in sub-cutaneous tumours formed by MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells injected into athymic mice, higher immunostaining for BSP was seen in large ulcerating tumours in which mineral deposits were formed. In contrast to BSP, staining for OPN in bone metastases was generally restricted to the interface between tumor cells and bone surface of the carcinomas. While OPN staining was also observed in the cytoplasm of osteoclasts, which showed strong hybridization to a digoxygenin-labelled OPN cRNA probe, expression of OPN was not clearly detectable in the tumour cells. These studies provide the first demonstration of BSP expression by tumour cells in bone metastases and support the concept that BSP may have a role in targeting metastatic cells to bone. Expression of OPN in bone metastases appears to be related to increased bone resorptive activity by osteoclasts.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006754605901
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Keratinocyte growth factor-induced motility of breast cancer cells (2000)
    Springer
    Clinical & experimental metastasis 18 (2000), S. 573-580 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7276
    Schlagwort(e): breast cancer ; cell motility ; KGF ; metastasis ; MCF-7 ; T-47D ; ZR-75-1
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Endogenous growth factors and cytokines are known to have a major influence on the progression, motility and invasiveness of tumor cells. We have reported previously that conditioned media from mouse fibroblasts increases the motility of breast cancer cells. Further, we determined that keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) was an active factor from mouse fibroblasts responsible for most of the motility response in breast cancer cells. The present study examined the effect of human KGF on the motility of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and ER-negative human breast cancer cell lines in culture using time-lapse videomicroscopy to quantify cell motility. In the present study we observed that recombinant human KGF enhanced several parameters of cellular motility in ER-positive cells but not in ER-negative cell lines. Further, we observed that the level of KGF receptor (KGFR) expression in ER-positive cells was much greater than in the ER-negative cell lines. The motility response to KGF was found to be both dose-and time-dependent. Of the three ER-positive breast cancer cell lines tested, MCF-7 cells were the most responsive to KGF stimulation. Finally, MCF-7 cells grown in estrogen-depleted media did not respond to KGF. These results suggest that KGF from stromal tissue surrounding a primary tumor mass can enhance tumor cell motility and may be an early signal in the progression of breast cancer cells to a more motile and metastatic phenotype. Thus, KGF, KGFR and/or the KGF signaling pathway may be important therapeutic targets for the treatment or prevention of breast cancer metastasis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011997317994
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Analysis of mechanisms underlying BRMS1 suppression of metastasis (2000)
    Springer
    Clinical & experimental metastasis 18 (2000), S. 683-693 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7276
    Schlagwort(e): breast cancer ; chromosome 11q13 ; gap junctions ; metastasis suppressor gene ; motility
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Introduction of normal, neomycin-tagged human chromosome 11 (neo11) reduces the metastatic capacity of MDA-MB-435 human breast carcinoma cells by 70–90% without affecting tumorigenicity. Differential display comparing MDA-MB-435 and neo11/435 led to the discovery of a human breast carcinoma metastasis suppressor gene, BRMS1, which maps to chromosome 11q13.1–q13.2. Stable transfectants of MDA-MB-435 and MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cells with BRMS1 cDNA still form progressively growing, locally invasive tumors when injected in mammary fat pads of athymic mice but exhibit significantly lower metastatic potential (50–90% inhibition) to lungs and regional lymph nodes. To begin elucidating the mechanism(s) of action, we measured the ability of BRMS1 to perturb individual steps of the metastatic cascade modeled in vitro. Consistent differences were not observed for adhesion to extracellular matrix components (laminin, fibronectin, type IV collagen, type I collagen, Matrigel); growth rates in vitro or in vivo; expression of matrix metalloproteinases, heparanase, or invasion. Likewise, BRMS1 expression did not up regulate expression of other metastasis suppressors, such as NM23, Kai1, KiSS1 or E-cadherin. Motility of BRMS1 transfectants was modestly inhibited (30–60%) compared to parental and vector-only transfectants. Ability to grow in soft agar was also decreased in MDA-MB-435 cells by 80–89%, but the decrease for MDA-MB-231 was less (13–15% reduction). Also, transfection and re-expression of BRMS1 restored the ability of human breast carcinoma cells to form functional homotypic gap junctions. Collectively, these data suggest that BRMS1 suppresses metastasis of human breast carcinoma by complex, atypical mechanisms.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1013124725690
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chemotherapy-induced Complete Regression of Choroidal Metastases and Subsequent Isolated Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis in Advanced Breast Cancer: A Case Report and Literature Review (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of neuro-oncology 47 (2000), S. 161-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7373
    Schlagwort(e): choroidal metastasis ; leptomeningeal carcinomatosis ; breast cancer ; docetaxel ; mitoxantrone
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Choroidal metastases from breast cancer represent an unusual metastatic presentation that has been traditionally treated with radiation therapy. Herein, we report a case of metastatic breast cancer presenting with pulmonary, cutaneous, lymph node and symptomatic choroidal metastases treated with systemic combination chemotherapy incorporating docetaxel and mitoxantrone without induction or consolidation radiation therapy to control visual symptoms from choroidal metastases. The patient experienced a durable complete remission in all metastatic sites that was maintained for 21 months since the initiation of chemotherapy, afterwhich she developed isolated leptomeningeal carcinomatosis managed successfully with intensive intrathecal methotrexate and whole brain irradiation leading to a new complete remission maintained until this report; 11 months after its presentation. This is the first case to our knowledge reporting complete regression of choroidal metastases with docetaxel-based chemotherapy as the only treatment modality and subsequent isolated leptomeningeal carcinomatosis recurrence.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006449215047
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Biological Features of Premalignant Disease in the Human Breast (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia 5 (2000), S. 351-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7039
    Schlagwort(e): Human ; breast cancer ; premalignant
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Most human invasive breast cancers (IBCs)4 arise from preexisting benign lesions. There are many types of benign lesions in the human breast and only a few appear to have significant premalignant potential (atypical hyperplasias and in situ carcinomas). These lesions are relatively common and only a small proportion progress to IBC. They are currently defined by their histological features and their prognosis is imprecisely estimated from indirect evidence based on epidemiological studies. Although lesions within specific categories look alike, they must possess morphologically silent biological differences motivating some to remain stable and others to progress. Understanding the biological changes responsible for the development and progression of premalignant disease is a very active area of medical research. Progress in this area may provide new opportunities for breast cancer prevention by providing strategies to treat premalignant lesions before they develop or become cancerous. A large number of biological features have been evaluated in this setting during the past decade. This review discusses a few features that appear to be particularly important and have been studied in a relatively comprehensive manner.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009573710675
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Rat Models of Premalignant Breast Disease (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia 5 (2000), S. 409-420 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7039
    Schlagwort(e): Pre-malignancy ; breast cancer ; experimental model ; rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract While a number of agents have been shown to induce mammary carcinogenesis in the rat, premalignant stages of the disease have been best characterized in chemically-induced models, specifically those initiated by either 7,12 dimethylbenz[α]anthracene (DMBA)4 or 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea (MNU). In general, it appears that epithelial cells in mammary terminal end buds or terminal ductules are the targets of carcinogenic initiation, and that a series of morphologically identifiable steps are involved in the development of mammary carcinoma. The premalignant steps include ductal hyperplasia of the usual type and carcinoma in situ of the cribriform or comedo type; atypical ductal hyperplasia has not been reported. Thus the histogenesis of lesions occurring in chemically induced mammary carcinogenesis in the rat is similar to that observed in the human; although, the spectrum of lesions observed in the rat is limited. Opportunities to investigate the biological and molecular characteristics of premalignant breast disease in the rat are presented.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009582012493
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The Basic Pathology of Human Breast Cancer (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia 5 (2000), S. 139-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7039
    Schlagwort(e): breast cancer ; pathology atlas
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract This article illustrates the most common benign and malignant lesions in the breast, and is intended for the biologist working in the area of breast cancer and breast biology, not for the practicing pathologist. The atlas covers benign proliferative lesions, atypical lesions, variants of in situ cancer, the main types of invasive cancers, spindle cell lesions, and examples of vascular and lymphatic spread. Some entities are included to illustrate a point of particular relevance to the biology and histogenesis of the lesions. Some controversial diagnostic areas are considered, along with the relative risk of developing breast cancer associated with some of the proliferative lesions. The content of this atlas should be read in conjunction with the companion article by Howard and Gusterson in this issue. Their article covers the cellular origin of epithelial and stromal tumors and presents a description of some of the common benign proliferative lesions that are considered to be components of the normal spectrum of changes seen at postmortem or in biopsies.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026439204849
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Historical and Epidemiologic Background of Human Premalignant Breast Disease (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia 5 (2000), S. 341-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7039
    Schlagwort(e): Premalignancy ; risk ; breast cancer
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Premalignant breast disease in humans is a concept that admits to a broad range of elements and possible determinants predicting the likelihood of developing breast cancer. Most of these elements are relative, such as the risk of breast cancer for women that is 130 times that of men and peaks at a younger age by about 10 years. Breast cancer is clearly a stochastic, multifactorial process that evolves over many years in which we must make predictions by likelihood. This review will present the most specially defined and reliably proven of these elements, highlighting anatomic and molecular factors.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009521726605
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Statistical Properties of Stimulated Raman Scattering in a Nonlinear Regime (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of applied spectroscopy 67 (2000), S. 981-989 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8647
    Schlagwort(e): nonlinear regime of stimulated Raman scattering ; fluctuation ; Stokes radiation ; kinetics ; spectrum ; distribution function
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Statistical properties of the Raman scattering of an intense step pulse are investigated by numerical solution of the equations of a semi-classical theory with assignment of a random Gaussian distribution of the initial polarization over the sample. The probability density functions of the intensity, energy, delay time, and width of a Stokes pulse and also of the position, height, and width of the spectral peaks of the first incidental Stokes component with the preservation of the phase memory of scattering centers are calculated. The influence of collisional dephasing on the fluctuation of these characteristics is considered.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004120404710
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  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of Compaction Scheme on Property Distribution for Cumulative Charge Facings Formed from a Heterogeneous Powder Composite (2000)
    Springer
    Powder metallurgy and metal ceramics 39 (2000), S. 540-544 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9066
    Schlagwort(e): compaction ; facing ; cumulative charge ; powder ; composite ; heterogeneous structure ; particle ; kinetics ; surface ; die ; model ; xeroradiogram
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract An experimental and numerical (finite element method) study is carried out for the effect of forming scheme on property distribution for cumulative charge facings made from composite heterogeneous powder material. An experimental procedure is developed for studying powder particle flow kinetics. It is shown that use of composite punches and partition of the moulded material into a number of sub-divisions with their successive compaction achieves a more uniform density distribution for an article. It is demonstrated how the direction of the force of friction on the die walls during compaction affects the compaction of articles with faces that are not perpendicular to the direction of the pressing. The results obtained make it possible to select the optimum compaction regime taking account of production features connected with powder material composition as well as service characteristics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011359626701
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Simultaneous Determination of the Heat and the Quantity of Vapor Sorption Using a Novel Microcalorimetric Method (2000)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 17 (2000), S. 701-706 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Schlagwort(e): vapor sorption ; molar heat of adsorption ; kinetics ; isothermal microcalorimetry ; recrystallization ; hydration
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Purpose. In this study, instrumentation for measuring vapor sorptionenthalpies and sorption uptakes simultaneously with an isothermalmicrocalorimeter is introduced. Various pharmaceutical modelsubstances undergoing phase transitions when exposed to humid conditions(25°C), were employed to evaluate the usefulness and sensitivity ofthe constructed experimental method. Methods. The sample is placed in the sample vessel of a RH cell andthe moisture content of the air flow is controlled. From the RH cellthe air flow is conducted into a subsequent perfusion cell in which asaturated salt solution has been loaded. The RH cell and perfusioncells are positioned in the sample sides of two twin calorimetric units.Depending on the moisture content in the outlet flow leaving thepreceding RH cell, the heat flow signal from the subsequent perfusioncell will vary. By means of blank measurement with identical settings,the rate of water sorption can be calculated and, by integration, theamount of sorbed water is obtained. Results. Amorphous lactose and cefadroxil undergo recrystallizationwhen the moisture level in the surroundings exceeds the thresholdvalues specific to each compound. During the sorption phase, heat isevolved fairly linearly as a function of consumed moisture, and alsoafter the recrystallization, the heats indicate linear behavior. The heatvalues for the desorption phase of amorphous lactose and the adsorptionof crystalline lactose coincide. With the different anhydrous forms oftheophylline, the hydration takes place more rapidly in the metastableform I, and generally, the process is more energetic in form I. In allcases, the gravimetric results agree with the water sorption uptakescalculated from the calorimetric data. Conclusions. The technique introduced offers a rapid and sensitivemethod to gain new insights into the transitions in which vapors areinvolved. In addition, different kinds of surfaces with various energeticscan now be studied more closely.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007530315652
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  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mercury speciation in natural waters: Measurement of dissolved gaseous mercury with a field analyzer (2000)
    Springer
    Biogeochemistry 48 (2000), S. 237-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Schlagwort(e): gaseous ; kinetics ; mercury ; methods ; speciation ; waters
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Abstract Mercury evasion from water is commonly modeled using measurements of dissolved gaseous mercury (DGM). We developed a method using a recently available automated field-ready mercury vapor analyzer to rapidly measure the concentrations of DGM in surface waters. We summarize here results of laboratory tests of the method, field intercomparisons with a manual method, and selected data from recent sampling campaigns in Florida and Michigan. The method uses the 1.5 lpm flow of a Tekran® Model 2537A mercury analyzer to purge and analyze discrete water samples, generating near real time (5-min) data on DGM in samples and blanks. Application of the Tekran allowed for detailed analysis of DGM removal kinetics and short-term diel studies characterizing the influence of sunlight and precipitation on DGM production in surface waters. Gas removal kinetics for dozens of samples indicates a first-order rate constant, and supports a 20-min. purge time for surface water samples from Florida (40-min for Michigan samples). Blanks are measured during a second such purge. Our results indicate that DGMs determined by both automated and manual methods are generally comparable, and that DGM in Florida samples is unstable during storage (loss rate constant ∼0.1--0.2 h-1), probably due to oxidation. This suggests that rapid in-field analysis is preferred to storage with delayed analysis. Our data indicate that DGM at the Florida site is influenced by inputs of reactive Hg in rainwater, and by production of surface DGM during photoreduction of oxidized Hg in the water column.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006228612872
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Framing of outcome and probability of recurrence: Breast cancer patients' choice of adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) in hypothetical patient scenarios (2000)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 60 (2000), S. 9-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Schlagwort(e): adjuvant chemotherapy ; breast cancer ; decision-making ; treatment preference ; decision board instrument
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Purpose.To examine the effects of framing of outcome and probabilities of cancer occurrence on the treatment preference which breast cancer patients indicate for hypothetical patient scenarios. Methods.A modified version of the Decision Board Instrument (Levine et al. 1992) was administered to 35 breast cancer patients with past ACT experience. Patients expressed their choice regarding ACT for six scenarios which were characterized by either negative or positive framing of outcome and by one of the three levels of probability of recurrence (high, medium, low). Results.The framing had no influence on ACT choices over all three probability levels. The majority chose ACT for high and medium risk and one third switched from ACT to No ACT in the low-risk condition. This switch was statistically significant. Conclusion.Hypothetical treatment decisions against ACT occur only when the probability of recurrence is low and the benefit of ACT is small. This finding for patients with past experience of ACT is similar to those reported for other oncological patient groups still in treatment.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006342316373
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  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Surgical treatment of hepatic metastases from breast cancer (2000)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 59 (2000), S. 177-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Schlagwort(e): breast cancer ; metastasis ; liver metastasis ; surgical procedure ; hepatectomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We have performed a retrospective study to evaluate whether surgical treatment is beneficial in patients with hepatic metastases from breast cancer. Between September 1985 and September 1998, 25 patients with hepatic metastases (14 solitary and 11 multiple), eight of whom had extrahepatic metastases, underwent hepatectomy. All of the detectable liver metastasis were resected in all of the cases. There were no severe postoperative complications. All but one of the patients received adjunctive polychemotherapy after the hepatectomy. After the hepatectomy, recurrent tumors were detected in 18 of the patients, being located in the liver in 12 (67%) of them. Overall, however, hepatectomy ensured that the liver was clinically recurrence-free for a median of 24 months (range 2–132 months). Eleven patients died of recurrent tumors, two died of other causes and the remaining 12 are currently alive. The 2- and 5-year cumulative survival rates after hepatectomy were 71% and 27%, respectively, and the median survival duration was 34.3±3.2 months, much better than the period of 8.5 months for another series of patients treated with standard or non-surgical therapies at our institution. The number and the size of hepatic metastases, the interval between treatment of the primary lesion and hepatectomy, and the existence of extrahepatic metastasis were not adverse prognostic factors. In conclusion, our data, although limited and highly selective, suggest that surgical treatment of hepatic metastases from breast cancer may prolong survival in certain subgroups of patients to a greater extent than standard or non-surgical therapies.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006398401352
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Quantitative measurement of soluble cytokeratin fragments in tissue cytosol of 599 node negative breast cancer patients: a prognostic marker possibly associated with apoptosis (2000)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 59 (2000), S. 211-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Schlagwort(e): apoptosis ; breast cancer ; continuous variables statistical analysis ; cytokeratins ; multiple correspondence analysis ; prognosis ; tissue cytosol ; tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Apoptosis is associated with caspase-mediated proteolysis of Type I (K18 and K19) cytokeratins. We previously showed a positive association between the levels of tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA), that recognizes cytokeratins K8, K18, and K19 fragments, and induced apoptosis in breast cancer cell lines. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the interrelationships between TPA, steroid receptors, and p53, and their joint prognostic role in node-negative breast cancer patients not treated with adjuvant therapies. Age and pT were also considered since they are known prognostic factors. Five hundred and ninety-nine cases with N- breast cancer were evaluated (median follow-up: 60 months). TPA was measured by an immunoradiometric assay and p53 by an immuno-chemiluminescent assay in tumor cytosol. Multiple correspondence analysis was used to study the associations among variables. Their prognostic role (univariate analysis) and their joint effect (multivariate analysis) on RFS were investigated with Cox regression models. TPA showed a direct association with ER and PgR. Higher p53 values were weakly associated to low values of ER, PgR, and TPA. Younger age was related to low and intermediate values of ER and PgR and to low p53 values, while older age was related to high values of ER. Multivariate analysis showed a significant prognostic impact for pT, age, ER, and TPA. Among the interactions considered clinically relevant, only that between ER and age was found. RFS estimated values were poorer in cases with lower than in those with higher TPA values, both in patients expected to have a poor (pT2, young age, low ER) and a better prognosis (pT1, older age, high ER). From the findings of the present study we can draw the following conclusions: The relationship of TPA with prognosis gives an additional contribution to pT, age, and steroid receptors in N- breast cancer; TPA may be considered the first marker of apoptosis measured with a fully standardized quantitative method in tumor cytosol and could be evaluated in prognostic indexes including markers related to different biological mechanisms.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006318112776
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  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Role of specific apoptotic pathways in the restoration of paclitaxel-induced apoptosis by valspodar in doxorubicin-resistant MCF-7 breast cancer cells (2000)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 59 (2000), S. 231-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Schlagwort(e): reversal ; paclitaxel ; resistance ; P-glycoprotein ; breast cancer ; valspodar ; apoptosis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Paclitaxel (Taxol®) kills tumor cells by inducing both cellular necrosis and apoptosis. A major impediment to paclitaxel cytotoxicity is the establishment of multidrug resistance whereby exposure to one chemotherapeutic agent results in cross-resistance to a wide variety of other drugs. For example, selection of MCF-7 breast cancer cells for resistance to doxorubicin (MCF-7ADR cells) results in cross-resistance to paclitaxel. This appears to involve the overexpression of the drug transporter P-glycoprotein which can efflux both drugs from tumor cells. However, MCF-7ADR cells possess a deletion mutation in p53 and have considerably reduced levels of the Fas receptor, Fas ligand, caspase-2, caspase-6, and caspase-8, suggesting that paclitaxel resistance may also stem from a bona fide block in paclitaxel-induced apoptosis in these cells. To address this issue, we examined the ability of the P-glycoprotein inhibitor valspodar to restore paclitaxel accumulation, paclitaxel cytotoxicity, and paclitaxel-induced apoptosis. Compared to drug sensitive MCF-7 cells, MCF-7ADR cells accumulated 〉6-fold less paclitaxel, were approximately 100-fold more resistant to killing by the drug, and were highly resistant to paclitaxel-induced apoptosis. In contrast, MCF-7ADR cells pretreated with valspodar were indistinguishable from drug-sensitive cells in their ability to accumulate paclitaxel, in their chemosensitivity to the drug, and in their ability to undergo paclitaxel-induced apoptosis. Valspodar, by itself, did not affect these parameters. This suggests that the enhancement of paclitaxel toxicity in MCF-7ADR cells involves a restoration of apoptosis and not solely through enhanced drug-induced necrosis. Morever, it appears that changes in the levels/activity of p53, the Fas receptor, Fas ligand, caspase-2, caspase-6, or caspase-8 activity have little effect on paclitaxel-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in human breast cancer cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006344200094
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  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Alcohol consumption and risk of breast cancer: a cohort study (2000)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 11 (2000), S. 239-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Schlagwort(e): alcohol ; breast cancer
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Objectives: To study the association between alcohol consumption and breast cancer risk. Methods: A case–cohort analysis was undertaken within the cohort of 56,837 women who were enrolled in the Canadian National Breast Screening Study (NBSS) and who completed a self-administered dietary questionnaire. (The NBSS is a randomized controlled trial of screening for breast cancer in women aged 40–59 at recruitment.) The cohort was recruited between 1980 and 1985, and during follow-up to the end of 1993 a total of 1469 women in the dietary cohort were diagnosed with biopsy-confirmed incident breast cancer. For comparative purposes a subcohort consisting of a random sample of 5681 women was selected from the full dietary cohort. After exclusions for various reasons the analyses were based on 1336 cases and 5238 noncases. Results: When compared to nondrinkers the adjusted incidence rate ratios (95% confidence intervals) for those consuming 〉 0 and  ≤ 10 g of alcohol/day,  〉 10 and  ≤ 20 g/day,  〉 20 and  ≤thinsp;30 g/day,  〉 30 and  ≤ 40 g/day,  〉 40 and  ≤ 50 g/day, and  〉 50 g/day were 1.01 (0.84–1.22), 1.16 (0.91–1.47), 1.27 (0.91–1.78), 0.77 (0.51–1.16), 1.00 (0.57–1.75), and 1.70 (0.97–2.98), respectively; the associated p value for the test for trend was 0.351. Similar findings were obtained when analyses were conducted separately in the screened and control arms of the NBSS, in premenopausal and postmenopausal women, for screen-detected and interval-detected breast cancer, and by levels of other breast cancer risk factors. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that alcohol consumption might be associated with increased risk of breast cancer at relatively high levels of intake.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008933824645
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  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Leptin and insulin growth factor I in relation to breast cancer (Greece) (2000)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 11 (2000), S. 383-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Schlagwort(e): breast cancer ; insulin growth factor I ; leptin ; postmenopause ; premenopause
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Objectives: Because both breast cancer and the hormone leptin are associated with obesity and reproductive phenomena in women, we have examined whether there is a relationship between leptin and breast cancer among premenopausal and postmenopausal women. We have also evaluated in this dataset the association of IGF-I with breast cancer. Methods: Seventy-five cases, diagnosed during mammographic screening, with incident breast cancer were matched for age and type of permanent residence with seventy-five controls from those screened negative in the same study base. Results: There was no evidence for an association between IGF-I and either premenopausal or postmenopausal breast cancer risk or between leptin and postmenopausal breast cancer. Among premenopausal women, however, there was a strong and statistically significant inverse association of leptin with breast cancer. Conclusion: We did not confirm the positive association, reported from other investigations, of IGF-I with premenopausal breast cancer risk. We have found evidence, however, that leptin may be inversely related to breast cancer risk among premenopausal women. The latter finding is not biologically implausible and deserves to be examined in additional datasets.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008903727238
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weight change and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer (United States) (2000)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 11 (2000), S. 533-542 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Schlagwort(e): breast cancer ; body weight ; case–control study ; postmenopausal ; weight gain ; weight loss
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Objective: Although many studies have shown that higher weight increases the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer, some aspects of this association are unclear. In order to examine the risk associated with different patterns of weight change, we analyzed data from a large case–control study of postmenopausal breast cancer. Methods: Participants included women aged 50–79 years (n = 5031) who are newly diagnosed with invasive breast cancer in Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Wisconsin. Similarly-aged population controls (n = 5255) were selected at random from driver's license files and Medicare beneficiary lists. Height, weight, and information on other breast cancer risk factors were ascertained by structured telephone interviews from 1992 to 1995, and logistic regression was used to estimate multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Women in the top quintile groups for height at age 20, recent weight, and recent body mass index had significantly increased risks of breast cancer. Among women who reached their highest adult weight at younger ages (≤45 years), increasing weight loss since that age was associated with a reduced risk of postmenopausal breast cancer (OR 0.90, CI 0.84–0.98, per 5 kg). However, weight loss among women whose highest weight occurred after age 45 was not associated with risk (OR 1.00, CI 0.95–1.05, per 5 kg). Weight gain since the lowest adult weight increased risk by 8% for each 5 kg of gain (OR 1.08, CI 1.06–1.11). Temporary weight cycling (weight loss followed by weight gain) was not associated with increased risk. Conclusions: Weight gain clearly increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. These data lend further support to efforts aimed at helping women avoid weight gain as they age.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008961931534
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Association of mammographically defined percent breast density with epidemiologic risk factors for breast cancer (United States) (2000)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 11 (2000), S. 653-662 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Schlagwort(e): breast cancer ; breast density ; mammographic density ; risk factors
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Objective: Mammographically defined percent breast density is an important risk factor for breast cancer, but the epidemiology of this trait is poorly understood. Although several studies have investigated the associations between reproductive factors and density, few data are available on the associations of breast density and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), physical activity, education, alcohol and smoking. Methods: We investigated the associations of known and suspected breast cancer risk factors with breast density in a large breast cancer family study. Information was collected on members of 426 families through telephone interviews, mailed questionnaires and mammography. Mammographic films on 1900 women were digitized and breast density was estimated in discrete five-unit increments by one radiologist. Analysis of covariance techniques were used and all analyses were performed stratified by menopausal status. Results: Similar to other reports, nulliparity, late age at first birth, younger age and lower body mass index were associated with increased percent density in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women, and hormone replacement therapy among postmenopausal women. Higher levels of alcohol consumption and low WHR were associated with increased percent density among both premenopausal and postmenopausal women (differences of 3–11% between high and low categories). However, smoking and education were inversely associated with percent density among premenopausal (p = 0.004 and p = 0.003, respectively) but not postmenopausal women (p = 0.52 and p = 0.90). Physical activity was not associated with percent density in either stratum (p values 〉 0.25). Combined, these factors explained approximately 37% of the variability in the percent density measure in premenopausal women and 19% in postmenopausal women. Conclusions: Many of these factors may potentially affect breast cancer risk through their effect on percent breast density.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008926607428
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The prognostic value of proliferation indices: a study with in vivo bromodeoxyuridine and Ki-67 (2000)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 59 (2000), S. 113-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Schlagwort(e): breast cancer ; bromodeoxyuridine ; Ki-67 ; nodes ; survival ; S-phase
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Proliferation indices are intended to help patients and clinicians make treatment decisions. We have previously demonstrated that a proliferation index based on in vivo labeling of S-phase cells with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) correlates with Ki-67 labeling index (LI). We now compare the prognostic value of these indices. With written consent, we gave 129 women with biopsy confirmed breast cancer 200 mg/M2 BrdUrd during 30 min immediately preceding surgery. We used IU-4 anti BrdUrd antibody to count the immunohistochemical labeling index (LI) of DNA-incorporated BrdUrd in 2,000 cells and MIB-1 to count Ki-67 (118 cases). Patients received standard surgical and adjuvant treatment. No patients were lost to follow-up and patients were followed a minimum of 2 (median 5.1) years. We compared survival and recurrence in tumors with high vs low labeling indices. We found that women in the low BrdUrd LI group had better disease free survival (92% vs 67% 5-yr DFS p = 0.001) and overall survival (94% vs 70% 5-yr OS, p = 0.0001) than those with a high LI. In comparison, a low Ki-67 index predicted better OS (87% vs 80% 5-yr OS, p = 0.020) and a trend for better DFS (84% vs 72% DFS p = 0.055). The apparent superiority of BrdUrd LI over Ki-67 LI is likely due to chance (p = 0.18). In multivariate survival analyses we found that BrdUrd LI proliferative index significantly improves prediction of DFS or OS even when node status, age or tumor size is in the model. We conclude that markers of proliferation are useful adjuncts in predicting patient prognosis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006344010050
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Survival and tumor characteristics of German hereditary breast cancer patients (2000)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 59 (2000), S. 185-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Schlagwort(e): BRCA1 mutation ; breast cancer ; disease-free survival ; overall survival ; pathology
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Reports from different countries have been inconclusive in attempting to relate the BRCA1 mutation status to the survival of breast cancer patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate overall and disease-free survival for German hereditary breast cancer patients. Data on clinical outcome and data on age at diagnosis of breast cancer, histology, tumor size, lymph node status, histological grade, and laterality of 36 breast cancer patients from 12 families with a BRCA1 mutation and from one family with strong evidence for linkage to BRCA1 were compared with those of 49 hereditary breast cancer patients from 23 families that did not harbor a BRCA1 mutation. Overall and disease-free survival was estimated for both groups. BRCA1 mutation carriers had a significantly earlier age of diagnosis than non-carriers (p = 0.0001) and more frequently developed contralateral breast cancer (p = 0.04). Also, BRCA1-associated tumors more frequently were of larger size (p = 0.041) and higher grade of malignancy (p = 0.005) than non-BRCA1-associated tumors. Whereas no difference in overall survival was seen, disease-free survival at 10 years differed significantly with 53.3% for BRCA1 mutation carriers and 76% for non- carriers (p = 0.02). However, after stratification for age and in multivariate analysis for mutation status, age, and bilaterality, it was shown that the worse prognosis for BRCA1 mutation carriers disappeared. Our results suggest that the worse prognosis of BRCA1 mutation carriers in terms of disease-free survival may in large part be due to the age of onset of breast cancer in this population. Thus, BRCA1 mutation status does not appear to be an independent prognostic factor.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006350518190
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