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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (7,637,532)
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  • 301
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-Temperature Operation of 50 A (1600 A/cm〈sup〉2〈/sup〉), 600 V 4H-SiC Vertical-Channel JFETs for High-Power Applications (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 600-603 (Sept. 2008), p. 1055-1058 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this work we have demonstrated the high-temperature operations of 600 V/50 A 4HSiCvertical-channel junction field-effect transistors (VJFETs) with an active area of 3 mm2.Specific-on resistance (RONSP) in the linear region of a single die is less than 2.6 mW.cm2 while thedrain-source current is over 50 A under a gate bias (VGS) of 3 V. A reverse blocking gain of 54 isobtained at gate bias ranging from -13 V to -23 V and drain-source leakage current (IRDS) of 200 μA.To demonstrate the use of SiC VJFETs for high-power applications, eight 3 mm2 SiC VJFETs arebonded in a high current 600-V module. RONSP in the linear region of these eight-paralleled SiCVJFETs is 2.8 mW.cm2 at room temperature and increased to 5.35 mW.cm2 at an ambienttemperature of 175 °C in air, corresponding to a shift of 0.61%/°C from room temperature to 175 °C.Meanwhile, the forward current is over 360 A at room temperature and reduces to 188 A at 175 °Cat drain-source bias (VDS) of 5.25 V and VGS of 3 V
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/20/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.600-603.1055.pdf
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  • 302
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Normally-Off 4H-SiC Vertical JFET with Large Current Density (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 600-603 (Sept. 2008), p. 1059-1062 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: We developed normally-off 4H-SiC vertical junction field effect transistors (JFETs) withlarge current density. The effect of forming an abrupt junction between the gate and the channel wassimulated, and vertical JFETs were then fabricated with abrupt junctions. As a result, a large rateddrain current density (500 A/cm2) and a low specific on-resistance (2.0 mWcm2) were achieved forsmall devices. The blocking voltage was 600 V. These results were due to a reduction of the thresholdvoltage by forming the abrupt junction between the gate and the channel
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/20/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.600-603.1059.pdf
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  • 303
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Switching Performance of Epitaxially Grown Normally-Off 4H-SiC JFET (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 600-603 (Sept. 2008), p. 1067-1070 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Static and dynamic behavior of the epitaxially grown dual gate trench 4H-SiC junctionfield effect transistor (JFET) is investigated. Typical on-state resistance Ron was 6 – 10mΩcm2 at VGS= 2.5V and the breakdown voltage between the range of 1.5 – 1.8kV was realized at VGS = −5V fornormally-off like JFETs. It was found that the turn-on energy delivers the biggest part of the switchinglosses. The dependence of switching losses from gate resistor is nearly linear, suggesting thatchanging the gate resistor, a way similar to Si-IGBT technology, can easily control di/dt and dv/dt.Turn-on losses at 200°C are lower compared to those at 25°C, which indicates the influence of thehigh internal p-type gate layer resistance. Inductive switching numerical analysis suggested the stronginfluence of channel doping conditions on the turn-on switching performance. The fast switchingnormally-off JFET devices require heavily doped narrow JFET channel design
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/20/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.600-603.1067.pdf
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  • 304
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    1270V, 1.21mΩ·cm〈sup〉2〈/sup〉 SiC Buried Gate Static Induction Transistors (SiC-BGSITs) (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 600-603 (Sept. 2008), p. 1071-1074 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: We have succeeded to fabricate SiC buried gate static induction transistors (BGSITs) withthe breakdown voltage VBR of 1270 V at the gate voltage VGS of –12 V and the specific on-resistanceRonS of 1.21 mΩ·cm2 at VGS = 2.5 V. The turn-off behaviors of BGSITs strongly depend on the sourcelength WS, which is the distance between the gate electrodes. The rise time tr of BGSIT for WS = 1,070μm is 395 nsec, while that for WS = 210 μm is 70nsec. From the 3D computer simulations, weconfirmed that the difference in turn-off behavior came from the time delay in potential barrierformation in channel region because of high p+ gate resistivity. The turn-off behaviors also depend onthe operation temperature, especially for long WS. On the other hand, the turn-on behaviors hardlydepend on the WS and temperature
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/20/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.600-603.1071.pdf
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  • 305
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three Dimensional Analysis of Turnoff Operation of SiC Buried Gate Static Induction Transistors (BG-SITs) (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 600-603 (Sept. 2008), p. 1075-1078 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The turnoff mechanism of SiC buried gate static induction transistors (SiC-BGSITs) wereanalyzed by three dimensional device simulation. A current crowding occurs in the portion near thechannel center away from the gate contact during the initial phase of the turnoff operation, which isresulted from a non-uniform potential distribution through the gate finger with the displacementcurrent flowing there. This increases the turnoff delay time. The impact of source length on the turnoffperformance was made clear
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/20/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.600-603.1075.pdf
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  • 306
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fast Switching Characteristics of 4H-SiC RESURF-Type JFET (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 600-603 (Sept. 2008), p. 1095-1098 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: 400V/2.5A 4H-SiC JFETs having a reduced surface field (RESURF) structure werefabricated. Measurements on the static and switching characteristics were carried out. Theon-resistance was 0.86 W. The turn-on time (ton) and the turn-off time (toff) were 8ns and 10 ns,respectively. The fabricated JFETs showed low on-resistance and fast switching characteristics.4H-SiC RESURF-type JFETs, which is a sort of lateral transistor, are preferable to a moduleconfiguration of switching devices. Moreover, they are promising for application to DC powersupplies with higher efficiency and smaller size owing to their low on-resistance and fast switchingcharacteristics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/20/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.600-603.1095.pdf
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  • 307
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of Passivation Oxide Properties on SiC Field-Plated Buried Gate MESFETs (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 600-603 (Sept. 2008), p. 1103-1106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Silicon Carbide MESFETs for microwave frequencies were made using a field-platedburied gate approach. The devices were fabricated using passivation oxides with different interfacetrap densities. By using a passivation oxide with a reduced interface trap density, grown in a sodiumcontaining ambient, it was possible to achieve a very high continous wave output power density of thedevice: 8 W/mm at 3 GHz and 1 dB compression
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/20/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.600-603.1103.pdf
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  • 308
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RF Characteristics of a Fully Ion-Implanted MESFET with Highly Doped Thin Channel Layer on a Bulk Semi-Insulating 4H-SiC Substrate (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 600-603 (Sept. 2008), p. 1107-1110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: We fabricated a 0.5-μm-gate MESFET on a bulk 4H-SiC semi-insulating substrate usingion implantation for the channel and contact regions. Our device design used a thin, highly dopedchannel layer, which was implanted at single energy to improve the device’s RF characteristics. Theelectrical characteristics of the ion-implanted MESFET annealed at 1700°C were better than those ofthe ion-implanted MESFET annealed at 1300°C. The fabricated ion-implanted MESFET has amaximum transconductance of 32.8 mS/mm and an fT/fmax of 9.1/26.2 GHz. The saturated outputpower was 26.2 dBm (2.1 W/mm) at 2 GHz. These values were the same as those of the conventionalepitaxial MESFET with a recessed gate
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/20/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.600-603.1107.pdf
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  • 309
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation into Short-Circuit Ruggednessof 1.2 kV 4H-SiC MOSFETs (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 600-603 (Sept. 2008), p. 1123-1126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The shout-circuit ruggedness of prototype 1.2kV SiC MOSFETs has been investigated.The short-circuit measurements were carried out at 25 °C and 125 °C with a dc bus voltage of 800 Vand an on/off state gate voltage of +20/-10 V. The small difference in tfail between 25 °C and 125 °Cindicates that the destructive breakdown occurs at temperatures much higher than 125 °C. Thetemperature at destructive breakdown estimated from the Wunsch-Bell formula is about 1400 °C. Atsuch high temperatures, intrinsic carriers are increased markedly and generated heat leads to thedestructive breakdown. tfail of all the SiC-MOSFETs studied is longer than 10 μs, meaning that theshort-circuit ruggedness satisfies system requirements. These results show that the SiC-MOSFETsare promising for power electronics applications
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/20/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.600-603.1123.pdf
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  • 310
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of Local Temperatures Using µ-Raman of SiC and AlGaN-GaN/SiC Power and RF Devices (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 600-603 (Sept. 2008), p. 1111-1114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Confocal μ-Raman was used to measure the operating temperatures in SiC MESFETS,AlGaN/GaN/SiC HEMT’s and 4H-SiC PiN diodes. Temperatures obtained from thermal imaging ofthe MESFETS compared well with those measured from Raman scattering. Operating temperatureswere also obtained for large area PiN diode and it was shown that a single point at the center of thedevice can be used to measure the average temperature
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/20/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.600-603.1111.pdf
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  • 311
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Recombination-Induced Stacking Faults on Majority Carrier Conduction and Reverse Leakage Current on 10 kV SiC DMOSFETs (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 600-603 (Sept. 2008), p. 1127-1130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper presents the effect of recombination-induced stacking faults on the drift basedforward conduction and leakage currents of high voltage 4H-SiC power devices. To show the effects,IV characteristics of a 4H-SiC 10 kV DMOSFET and a 4H-SiC 4 kV BJT have been evaluated beforeand after the induction of stacking faults in the drift epilayer. For both devices, significant increases inforward voltage drops, as well as marked increases in leakage currents have been observed. Theresults suggest that injection of minority carriers in majority carrier devices should be avoided at alltimes
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/20/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.600-603.1127.pdf
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  • 312
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On-State and Switching Performance of High-Voltage15 – 20 kV 4H-SiC DMOSFETs and IGBTs (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 600-603 (Sept. 2008), p. 1143-1146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: We compare the on-state and switching performance of high-voltage 4H-SiC n-channelDMOSFETs and p-channel IGBTs within a three-dimensional parameter space defined by blockingvoltage, switching frequency, and current density. We determine the maximum current density eachdevice can carry at a given switching frequency, such that the total power dissipation is 300 W/cm2.The IGBT current depends strongly on lifetime in the NPT buffer layer, and only weakly on lifetime inthe drift layer. The MOSFET current is essentially independent of frequency
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/20/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.600-603.1143.pdf
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  • 313
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of 4H–SiC DMOSFETs for High–Power Electronics Applications (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 600-603 (Sept. 2008), p. 1135-1138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this paper, large area (0.18cm2) SiC DMOSFETs with 1.2 kV and 20 A rating areevaluated for power electronic switching applications. A drain-to-source voltage drop VDS of 2 V at aforward drain current of 20 A (JD = 110 A/cm2) was obtained and a specific on-resistance of 18mΩ-cm2 was extracted at room temperature. The device on-resistance was measured up to 150°C andinitially decreases with increasing temperature, but remains relatively flat over the entire temperaturerange, demonstrating stable device behavior. High voltage blocking of 1.2 kV between 25°C and150°C is also demonstrated with a gate-to-source voltage VGS = 0 V. The drain leakage current underreverse bias and high temperature stress is shown to increase from 10 μA at 25°C to 27 μA at 150°Cwhile maintaining the full blocking rating of the device. Experimental results from double-pulseclamped inductive load tests are presented demonstrating fast high voltage and high current switchingcapability. High voltage resistive-switching measurements on parallel connected SiC DMOSFETswere performed with VDS having rise and fall times of 49 and 74 ns respectively. Thermal cameraimages taken of parallel connected DMOSFET die during repetitive switching operation with VDS =420 V, IDS = 25 A and a 40% duty cycle shows a 2°C difference in die temperature, which suggestseven current sharing and temperature stable device operation
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/20/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.600-603.1135.pdf
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  • 314
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    12 kV 4H-SiC p-IGBTs with Record Low Specific On-Resistance (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 600-603 (Sept. 2008), p. 1187-1190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: DC characteristics of 4H-SiC p-channel IGBTs capable of blocking -12 kV and conducting -0.4A (-100 A/cm2) at a forward voltage of -5.2 V at 25°C are demonstrated for the first time. A recordlow differential on-resistance of 14 mW×cm2 was achieved with a gate bias of -20 V indicating astrong conductivity modulation in the p-type drift region. A moderately doped current enhancementlayer grown on the lightly doped drift layer effectively reduces the JFET resistance while maintainsa high carrier lifetime for conductivity modulation. A hole MOS channel mobility of 12.5 cm2/V-sat -20 V of gate bias was measured with a MOS threshold voltage of -5.8 V. The blocking voltageof -12 kV was achieved by Junction Termination Extension (JTE)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/20/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.600-603.1187.pdf
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  • 315
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrogen Gas Sensors Fabricated on Atomically Flat 4H-SiC Webbed Cantilevers (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 600-603 (Sept. 2008), p. 1199-1202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper reports on initial results from the first device tested of a “second generation”Pt-SiC Schottky diode hydrogen gas sensor that: 1) resides on the top of atomically flat 4H-SiCwebbed cantilevers, 2) has integrated heater resistor, and 3) is bonded and packaged. With properselection of heater resistor and sensor diode biases, rapid detection of H2 down to concentrations of 20ppm was achieved. A stable sensor current gain of 125 ± 11 standard deviation was demonstratedduring 250 hours of cyclic test exposures to 0.5% H2 and N2/air
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/20/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.600-603.1199.pdf
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  • 316
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    4H-SiC Single Photon Avalanche Diode for 280nm UV Applications (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 600-603 (Sept. 2008), p. 1203-1206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper reports a 4H-SiC single photo avalanche diode (SPAD) operating at the solarblind wavelength of 280 nm. The SPAD has an avalanche breakdown voltage of 114V. At 90% and95% of the breakdown voltage, the SPAD shows a low dark current of 57.2fA and 159fA,respectively. The quantum efficiency of 29.8% at 280nm and 〈0.007% at 400nm indicates a highUV-to-visible rejection ratio of 〉4300. Single photon counting measurement at 280nm shows that asingle photon detection efficiency of 2.83% with a low dark count rate of 22kHz is achieved at theavalanche breakdown voltage of 116.8V
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/20/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.600-603.1203.pdf
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  • 317
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Schottky Barrier Lowering in 4H-SiC Schottky UV Detector (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 600-603 (Sept. 2008), p. 1215-1218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The Schottky barrier lowering in 4H-SiC interdigit Schottky-type UV photodiode is investigated inthe presence of a thermally grown oxide layer on the exposed active area. Gain photocurrent isobserved and correlated with the presence of the oxide and with the charge traps at thesemiconductor/oxide interface. Photo-thermally stimulated current measurements evidenced thatinterface charge accumulation is optically promoted. Rise and fall photo-current measurementsprovided the time parameter of the trapping phenomenon
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/20/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.600-603.1215.pdf
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  • 318
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efficiency Improvement of PV-Inverters with SiC-DMOSFETs (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 600-603 (Sept. 2008), p. 1231-1234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The new MOSFET-generation with SiC-materials seems well suited for power electronicconverters up to 1200 V operating-voltage, and particularly for grid-feeding PhotoVoltaic-inverters,which transfer the DC power of the solar panel to the AC grid. Their high switching speed and lowon-resistance RDS(on) allow the use of higher switching frequencies, which could mainly reduce thecosts and weight of the converters. This paper shows a comparison between IGBT and SiCDMOSFET devices and first measurements of some 1200 V / 10 A SiC-DMOSFET samples madeby CREE®
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/20/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.600-603.1231.pdf
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  • 319
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Progress in GaN MOSFET Technology (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 600-603 (Sept. 2008), p. 1263-1268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: GaN MOS capacitors were characterized to optimize the electric properties of SiO2/GaNinterface. With optimized anneal conditions, an interface state density of 3.8×1010/cm2-eV wasestimated at 0.19 eV near the conduction band and decreases deeper into the band gap.Enhancement-mode GaN MOSFETs were experimentally demonstrated on both p and n GaN epilayerwith record high field-effect mobility of 167 cm2/V-s. Lateral RESURF-type GaN MOSFETs exhibitnon-destructive high voltage (up to 940V) blocking capabilities. Other characterization includingmobility orientation dependence, MOS-gated Hall mobility, current collapse and an NMOS inverterutilizing E/D mode GaN MOSFETs have also been experimentally demonstrated
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/20/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.600-603.1263.pdf
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    Semipolar Nitrides Grown on Si(001) Offcut Substrateswith 3C-SiC Buffer Layers (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 600-603 (Sept. 2008), p. 1281-1284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The growth process of semipolar GaN(10-12) on Si(001) offcut substrates with 3C-SiCbuffer layers has been investigated. From XRD analysis, the difference in the crystal orientationbetween GaN(10-12) and 3C-SiC(001) has been found to be around 8˚ toward the [110] direction ofthe 3C-SiC templates. From TEM observations, a cubic-phase AlN seed layer is found to grow on3C-SiC(001) templates, and the swift transition from the cubic phase to a hexagonal phase leads to thestable growth of hexagonal nitrides. Using 8˚-offcut Si substrates, it is possible to obtain a mirror-likesurface of GaN(10-12) using an approximately 10-nm-thick AlN seed layer, which swiftly transitionsfrom cubic AlN to hexagonal GaN
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/20/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.600-603.1281.pdf
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  • 321
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    Effects of 3C-SiC Intermediate Layer on the Properties of AlN Films Grown on SiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉/Si Substrate (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 600-603 (Sept. 2008), p. 1289-1292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Aluminum nitride thin films were deposited on polycrystalline 3C-SiC intermediate layerby pulsed reactive magnetron sputtering system. Characteristics of AlN/SiC structures wereinvestigated experimentally by means of FE-SEM, AFM, X-ray diffraction, and FT-IR. The columnarstructure of AlN thin films was observed by FE-SEM. The surface roughness of AlN films on 3C-SiClayer was measured using AFM. X-ray diffraction pattern of AlN films on SiC layers highly wereoriented as (002). Full width of half maximum (FWHM) of the rocking curve around (002) reflectionswas 1.3°. It was determined from infrared absorbance spectrum that the residual stress of AlN thinfilms grown on SiC layers was almost free. The presented results show that AlN thin films on 3C-SiCbuffer layers can be used for various applications
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/20/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.600-603.1289.pdf
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  • 322
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    Characterization of Traps in GaN pn Junctions Grown by MOCVD on GaN Substrate Using Deep-Level Transient Spectroscopy (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 600-603 (Sept. 2008), p. 1297-1300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Minority- and majority-carrier traps were studied in GaN pn junctions grownhomoepitaxially by MOCVD on n+ GaN substrates. Two majority-carrier traps (MA1,MA2) andthree minority-carrier traps (MI1, MI2, MI3) were detected by deep-level transient spectroscopy.MA1 and MA2 are electron traps commonly observed in n GaN on n+ GaN and sapphire substrates.No dislocation-related traps were observed in n GaN on n+ GaN. Among five traps in GaN pn onGaN, MI3 is the main trap with the concentration of 2.5x1015 cm-3
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/20/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.600-603.1297.pdf
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  • 323
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    Effects of Supports on Hydrogen Adsorption on Pt Clusters (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 139 (Apr. 2008), p. 41-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Pt nano-particles are supported on carbon materials at the electrode catalysts of protonexchangemenbrane fuel cells. Pt nano-particles are desirable to be strongly adsorbed on carbonmaterials for high dispersion, although strong Pt-C interactions may affect the catalytic activity ofsmall clusters. Thus we have examined H-atom absorption on Pt clusters supported or unsupportedon graphene sheets, using first-principles calculations. For Pt-atom/graphene systems, a H atom ismore weakly adsorbed than for a free Pt atom, and the H-Pt interaction becomes weaker if theinteraction between a Pt atom and graphene becomes stronger. For the Ptn-cluster/graphene systems(n=2-4), the H-Pt interactions are also substantially changed from those for free Pt clusters. In the Ptclusters on graphene, the Pt-Pt distances are substantially changed associated with the electronicstructurechanges by the Pt-C interactions. These structural and electronic changes in the Pt clustersas well as the presence of graphene itself seem to cause the changes in the absorption energies andpreferential sites of H-atom absorption
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.139.41.pdf
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    Dynamical Interaction between Thermally Activated Glide of Screw Dislocation and Self-Interstitial Clusters in Bcc Fe (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 139 (Apr. 2008), p. 59-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Constant strain rate molecular dynamics simulations under the modified boundaryconditions were performed to elucidate the interaction processes between the kink motion of screwdislocation and the glissile self-interstitial atom cluster loops in bcc Fe by using an EAM potentialfor Fe fitted to ab initio forces. The junction formation and the helical dislocation mechanismswere identified as two possible interaction processes. In the junction mechanism, the initial Burgersvector 1/2〈111〉 of the cluster loop was transformed into 〈100〉. In the helical dislocationmechanism first the absorption, followed by the formation of the helical dislocation and theemission of the cluster loop through Hirsch mechanism was observed. Substantial hardening wasseen as result of the interactions. The stress-strain plots obtained for different loop sizes,temperature and strain rates were used to estimate the strengthening factors
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.139.59.pdf
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    Diffusion Mechanisms near Tilt Grain Boundaries in Ni〈sub〉3〈/sub〉Al Intermetallide (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 139 (Apr. 2008), p. 89-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The paper is devoted to the research of diffusion mechanism in Ni3Al intermetallide overgrain boundaries of tilt 〈111〉 and 〈100〉 by the method of molecular dynamics. It was found thatgrain boundary diffusion represented the combination of three main mechanisms: migration ofatoms along the nuclei of grain boundary dislocations, cyclic mechanism near the nuclei and theformation of the chain of displaced atoms from one nucleus of dislocation to the nucleus of theother one. Diffusion mobility of Ni atoms was essentially bigger than the mobility of Al atoms.Grain boundary slipping and intergrain slipping were also observed during the deformation of thebicrystal
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.139.89.pdf
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    Molecular-Dynamics Analysis of the Structural Properties of Silica during Cooling (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 139 (Apr. 2008), p. 101-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The structural properties of SiO2 liquid during cooling have been investigated bymolecular dynamics simulations. The interatomic forces acting on the particles are calculated by themodified Tersoff potential parameters. The glass transition temperature and structural properties ofthe resulting SiO2 system at various temperatures have been investigated. The fivefoldcoordinations of Si and threefold coordinations of O atoms were observed, and the coordinationdefects of system decrease with decreasing temperature up to 17 % at 300 K. The self-diffusioncoefficients for Si and O atoms drop to almost zero below 3000 K. The structures were distorted athigh temperatures, but very stable atomic network persisted up to high temperature in the liquidstate
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.139.101.pdf
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    Simulation of Surface-Enhanced Ordering in Smectic Films (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 139 (Apr. 2008), p. 135-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A Landau-de Gennes type model for the direct isotropic/smectic A phase transition isused to study surface-enhanced smectic ordering in the stable smectic temperature regime. Aunified surface-free energy functional is proposed which can be utilized for homeotropic and planarsurface anchoring. The time-dependent complex Landau-Ginzburg evolution equations andboundary conditions are derived for thin-film geometry. Simulation results are presented for thetwo types of anchoring and compared to observations from experiments and previous simulations.Simple visualization software for smectic layering was developed and is also presented that iscompatible with discretized numerical solutions of the model
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.139.135.pdf
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    Atomistic Simulations of Copper Precipitation and Radiation Induced Segregation in α-Iron (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 139 (Apr. 2008), p. 107-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present Monte Carlo simulations of the first stages of the coherent precipitation of Cuin α-Fe during thermal ageing and under irradiation. The simulations are based on a diffusion modelby vacancy and self-interstitial jumps, the parameters of which are fitted on ab initio calculations.The simulations of precipitation kinetics during thermal ageing are compared with experimentalones. They reveal that precipitates containing up to several tens of atoms can be much more mobilethan individual copper atoms, due to the trapping of vacancies in Cu. Monte Carlo simulations arealso used to analyze the coupling between fluxes of point defects and Cu which occurs underirradiation and the possible resulting radiation induced segregation phenomena
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.139.107.pdf
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    Ab-Initio Calculation for the Study of Nano Scale Silicon Based Device Structure (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 139 (Apr. 2008), p. 113-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Motivated by the possibility of scaling down of various electronic devices at the nanolevel,we have chosen a simple p-n junction like device in silicon structure. An aggregation ofseventy-eight silicon atoms, passivated by oxygen is considered. We compute the electronicstructure of such a cluster and then the density of states and the optical spectra for this aggregate arecompared with a modified one. The modification is introduced by substituting phosphorus andboron atom within this cluster of silicon atoms in both sides in order to make a p-n junction likesituation. A variant of this p-n junction like structure is introduced by adding a layer of oxygenbetween the phosphorus and boron regions. Comparison of the electronic structures of all thesesystems reveals several interesting properties
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.139.113.pdf
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    Nanosized Barium Hexaferrite Powders Obtained by a Single Microemulsion Technique (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 140 (Oct. 2008), p. 55-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Barium hexaferrite (BaFe12O19) powders of particle size of 130 and 180 nm weresynthesized by a single microemulsion technique. The influence of the concentration of Ba2+ andFe3+ metallic ions in the aqueous phase in the microemulsion system on the particle sizedistribution, crystallinity and magnetic properties of BaFe12O19 was studied. The coercive force andsaturation magnetization of the sample obtained at a lower concentration of metallic cations in theaqueous phase were higher than those of the sample obtained at higher concentration
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.140.55.pdf
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    Magnetic Anisotropy of Co Films Annealed by Laser Pulses (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 140 (Oct. 2008), p. 69-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The magnetic properties of an ultrathin cobalt film were modified by a focusedfemtosecond pulsed laser beam. The Co wedge, with a thickness ranging from 0 to 2 nm,sandwiched by Au films was prepared using ultra-high vacuum magnetron sputtering on a micasubstrate. The modifications of the laser induced magnetic anisotropy were investigated usingmagneto-optic Kerr microscopy and MFM/AFM techniques. The laser induces: (i) localreorientation of magnetization from an in-plane to a perpendicular state and (ii) an increase of thecoercivity field. A corresponding increase of the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy is discussedconsidering an improvement of the Co/Au interfaces
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.140.69.pdf
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    First Principle Investigation of Structural Properties of Potassium Doped Fullerene Clusters – K〈sub〉n〈/sub〉(C〈sub〉60〈/sub〉)〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 140 (Oct. 2008), p. 77-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: First principle simulations for the nanosystems Kn(C60)2, (n = 1, 2) composed of twofullerene (C60) molecules and one or two potassium (K) atoms have been undertaken. A veryeffective delocalization of the 4s1 valence electron of potassium was observed, the potassium atomin practice becomes an ion. The adsorption binding energy of potassium atom(s) is Ea = -1.923 ± 0.04 eV, - 3.819 ± 0.04 eV for K(C60)2 and K2(C60)2, respectively. The reported largevalues of adsorption energy should cause a significant change in electronic properties of alkalidoped fullerene clusters
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.140.77.pdf
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    Electrospray Nanocoating of Microfibres (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 140 (Oct. 2008), p. 127-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The paper presents experimental results of electrospray deposition of nanopowder ontomicrofibers. The process is designed to form fibrous filters with an enhanced collection efficiencyin the submicron range by covering the fabric with a catalytic material. Polyamide fibres werecoated with Al2O3, ZnO, MgO, or TiO2 nanoparticles. The structures obtained were porous at thenanometer scale which increased the total surface area of the catalyst
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.140.127.pdf
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    Antifungal Effectiveness of Nanosilver Colloid against Rose Powdery Mildew in Greenhouses (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 135 (Feb. 2008), p. 15-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The antifungal effectiveness against rose powdery mildew using antimicrobial nanosilvercolloidal solution was investigated. Double-capsulized nanosilver was prepared by chemicalreaction of silver ion with aid of physical method, reducing agent and stabilizers. The averagediameter of nanosilver was about 1.5 nm. They were highly stable and very well dispersive inaqueous solution. The Transmission electron microscopy and UV-vis spectrometer were usedfor measurements of size analysis and their stability, respectively. The nanosilver colloidalsolution of concentration of 5000 ppm was diluted in 10 ppm of 500 kg and sprayed at largearea of 3306 m2polluted by rose powdery mildew. The white rose powdery mildew fade outabove 95 % after 2 days and was not recurred for a week. The antifungal effects were observedby an optical microscope and photographs
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.135.15.pdf
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    Nanomaterials in Dental Applications (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 140 (Oct. 2008), p. 133-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Currently, nanopowders and nanocomposites reinforced with nanofillers are one of themost rapidly developing groups of materials possessing excellent prospects for a wide range ofindustrial and medical applications. This paper presents several examples of the nanomaterialsdeveloped in the Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering of Warsaw University ofTechnology which can have dental applications.Ceramic-polymer composites are the most popular materials for dental fillings. The influence ofthe nanofiller additions on the relevant properties of ceramic-polymer dental composites arediscussed in the paper.The other group of nanomaterials applicable as dental materials are based on nanostructured yttriumstabilized zirconium oxide ceramic. This ceramic is widely used for the fabrication of crowns,bridges, inlays and other dental elements for which high strength, durability and estheticalappearance is required. The effect of the nano-grain size of the ceramic powder on the sinteringparameters, microstructure and properties of the zirconia is discussed
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.140.133.pdf
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    Dielectric Relaxation of a Cholesterol Domain Near a Graphite Wall - A Computer Simulation (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 140 (Oct. 2008), p. 153-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Molecular dynamics (MD) studies are presented for a cholesterol domain near a graphitewall. The dynamic observables of cholesterol at the physiological temperature of 309 K wereinvestigated. Attention was focused on the total dipole moment→M autocorrelation function( ) ( ) ( ) / (0)2∧ → → →C t = M t ⋅M t M and the dielectric loss spectrum ε’’(ν). Additionally, the comparisonwith the dielectric relaxation of a pure cholesterol cluster without a graphite wall is presented anddiscussed
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.140.153.pdf
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    Nanoscale Nickel-Free Austenitic Stainless Steel (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 140 (Oct. 2008), p. 179-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this work Ni-free austenitic stainless steels with nanostructure were synthesized bymechanical alloying (MA), heat treatment and nitrogenation of elemental Fe, Cr, Mn and Momicrocrystalline powders. The phase transformation from ferritic to austenitic was confirmed byXRD analysis. The mechanical and corrosion properties of the produced biomaterials wereinvestigated. Additionally, the biocompatibility of nickel-free austenitic stainless steels withnanostructure and microcrystalline 316L steel, were analyzed studying the behaviour of NormalHuman Osteoblast (NHOst) cells from Cambrex (CC-2538). An enhancement of the properties dueto the nanoscale structures in the bulk consolidated materials was observed
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.140.179.pdf
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    The Effect of Grain Size Distribution on the Mechanical Properties of Nanometals (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 140 (Oct. 2008), p. 185-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Predicting the properties of a material from knowledge of the internal microstructures isattracting significant interest in the fields of materials design and engineering. The most commonlyused expression, known as Hall-Petch Relationship (HPR), reports on the relationship between theflow stress and the average grain size. However, there is much evidence that other statisticalinformation that the grain size distribution in materials may have significant impact on themechanical properties. These could even be more pronounced in the case of grains of thenanometer size, where the HPR is no longer valid and the Reverse-HPR is more applicable. Thispaper proposes a statistical model for the relationship between flow stress and grain sizedistribution. The model considered different deformation mechanisms and was used to predictmechanical properties of aluminium and copper. The results obtained with the model shows thatthe dispersion of grain size distribution plays an important role in the design of desirablemechanical properties. In particular, it was found that that the dependence of a material’smechanical properties on grain size dispersion also follows the HPR to Inverse-HPR type ofbehaviour. The results also show that copper is more sensitive to changes in grain size distributionthan aluminium
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.140.185.pdf
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    Theory and Technology of Semisolid Metal Molding (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 141-143 (July 2008), p. 9-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Fundamentals of semisolid metal molding, including the particulate feedstock,methods of its generation and features that make it useful for processing, are outlined.Melting characteristics of the feedstock under sole influence of heat are considered, coveringa wide range of microstructural and microchemical factors, believed to be of importance athigh temperatures. The generation of the thixotropic slurry within the injection moldingsystem and its solidification behaviour are accompanied by detailed features of the moldedstructures and their correlation with properties of net-shape components. In addition toconventional techniques the novel processing concepts including near-liquidus molding,semisolid extrusion molding as well as the alloy and composite generation in a semisolidstate are described. An update on commercialization progress is completed by acharacterization of the modern equipment used for process implementation with broadreferences to metal die casting and plastics injection molding
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.141-143.9.pdf
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    Thixoforming of Steel: A State of the Art from an Industrial Point of View (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 141-143 (July 2008), p. 25-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Since the first research works in the end of 1980s on the semi-solid forming of steel, thisprocess has presented a great interest and a real industrial potential. Several research teams, all overthe world, have shown the feasibility of such a process. Working on the parameters which have aninfluence on the process, they pointed out the "technical locks" which must be overcome to allowindustrialization of the process. A first and perhaps most important difficulty is the reliability of theforming tools in an industrial production context. Much work has therefore been devoted to identifyways to increase tools life. A second important point is the possibility to obtain soundmicrostructure and satisfactory mechanical properties. This paper is a state of the art review on thesubject of the thixoforming of steel, restricted to forming of semi-solid reheated steel. Semi-solidforming process carried out after partial solidification are therefore not covered. The readerinterested in such processes may refer to the review recently published by Hirt et al. [1].The present review considers, in turn, the different steps of an hypothetical production line and theirparticular challenges, from the raw material to the final product
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Process Window Determination for Thixoextrusion ProcessesUsing a Steel Alloy (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 141-143 (July 2008), p. 61-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A direct semi-solid bar extrusion process is characterised by inserting a feed stock in acontainer and extruding through a forming die with a punch. Compared to conventional barextrusion the use of semi-solid material complicates the process due to the requirement ofsolidification of the material. To achieve the solidification of the semi-solid bar, different basic toolconcepts are presented. With a combination of these concepts experiments were carried out usingthe steel alloy X210CrW12 to detect the influence of the most influencing parameters pressvelocity, extrusion channel diameter, length and geometry. Numerical simulations enable a betterunderstanding of the process mechanics like temperature development in the billet and forming dieas well as the material flow in the deformation zone
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.141-143.61.pdf
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  • 342
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    Basic Study on Thixo-Co-Extrusion of Multi-Layer Tube with Al/Mg Alloys (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 141-143 (July 2008), p. 73-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Thixo-forming is in the forefront of metal processing technology in the 21st century. Theresearch on thixo-co-extrusion of multi-layer tube as extension and development of the semi-solidforming technology is a completely new processing method for the composite material forming andis of great significance, in which different semi-solid billets (slurries) are extruded at the same timeto form multi-layer tubes. In this study, different sizes of column-shaped and ring-shaped billets ofAl/Mg alloys were firstly prepared by using specially designed molds. Then they were reheated byelectric-resistance furnace，microstructures from different heating laws were investigated. Lastly,FEM simulation on thixo-co-extrusion of double-layer tube with A356/AZ91 was conducted
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.141-143.73.pdf
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  • 343
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    The Effect of Physicochemical Treatment on Pd Dispersion of Carbon-Supported Pd Catalysts (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 135 (Feb. 2008), p. 57-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Carbon-supported palladium catalysts were prepared by an impregnation method usingpalladium chloride and different carbon supports such as activated carbons with different surfaceoxygen concentrations and a mesoporous carbon, CMK-5.. The different degree of surface oxidationwas achieved by the nitric acid and high-temperature heat treatment. The molecular PdCl2 species wasstabilized by adding an HCl in an impregnation step.. As the reduction temperature increased, the Pddispersion decreased for all Pd catalysts. There was no noticeable difference in Pd dispersion amongPd catalysts supported on carbon supports with different physicochemical properties when thereduction temperature was 423 K. Pd catalysts supported on the carbon support with a highconcentration of surface oxygen groups showed a better dispersion than did other Pd catalysts whenthey were reduced at 573 K. The maximum Pd dispersion was observed over Pd catalyst supported oncarbon supports with the highest surface area when the reduction temperature was higher than 573 K
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.135.57.pdf
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  • 344
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    Effect of Ball-Milling Method on the Formation of ODS Fe-14Cr-2Al-1Si-0.3Ta-1Y〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 Powders (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 135 (Feb. 2008), p. 65-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Mechanical alloying (MA) process has been examined to synthesize ferritic stainlesssteel powder dispersed with nano-sized Y2O3 particles. A pilot-scale horizontal mill was fabricatedand compared with laboratory-scale ball mills and an attrition mill. Horizontal milling resulted in amuch better distribution of particle size and dispersoids than other milling methods. Althoughhorizontal milling is considered as a low-energy process requiring long times, processing time couldbe markedly reduced with increasing the diameter of horizontal mill with a proper control of millingparameters
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 345
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    Fabrication of C〈sub〉sf〈/sub〉/Mg Composites Using Extrusion Directly Following Vacuum Infiltration - Part 2: Forming Process Study (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 141-143 (July 2008), p. 91-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Extrusion directly following vacuum infiltration is a special forming technique thatcombines the advantages of liquid metal infiltration and semisolid extrusion. The major advantages ofthis process are elimination of porosity and shrinkage, good surface finish, good dimensionalaccuracy, high strength to weight ratio and near net shaping. Magnesium matrix composites arefabricated usually through stirring casting, powder forming, injecting deposition, liquid metalinfiltration or die casting at present time. However few investigations on magnesium matrixcomposite are conducted for the specific characteristics of magnesium alloy, such as high chemicalactivity and easy oxidation. The present paper is focused on Csf/Mg composites obtained viainfiltration of porous short carbon fiber preform by liquid Magnesium. The complete experimentsetup is designed and fabricated by ourselves, which include the forming molds, the unit for meltingthe magnesium, the unit for vacuuming and the monitoring and collecting system of forming processparameters. In this method the whole experiment setup is vacuumed firstly. Then the pressurizednitrogen is used to infiltrate the magnesium melt through a porous preform of short carbon fibers.After the infiltration completed, the punch of the press extrude the magnesium-infiltrated preform outof the forming die to form the tubes or bars. X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical and SEM microscopeswere used to characterize the infiltration and the microstructure of fabricated composites. Thecompression test was used to characterize the mechanical properties of fabricated composites. Theresults show that the preform was infiltrated thoroughly by melt magnesium and the fabricated Csf/Mgcomposites have excellent mechanical properties compared with the magnesium alloys. Csf/Mgcomposites should be very promising candidates for automobile parts and portable electronicappliance parts in the future
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.141-143.91.pdf
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  • 346
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    Strategies for Re-Heating Steel Billets for Thixoforming (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 141-143 (July 2008), p. 121-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Inductive re-heating of billets is the state-of-the-art method to enable the desired liquidfraction for thixoforming. In laboratory experiments the temperature might be directly controlledsince it is usually possible to apply thermocouples for temperature measurements. Due to technicalrestrictions temperature measurements especially in the interior of a billet are difficult in industrialheating processes. For this reason, thixoforming billets are heated without temperature monitoringby using proven heating functions. Such functions are usually obtained by trial-and-error or on thebasis of FEA simulations. In both cases exhaustive experimental work is usually necessary. Moreover,FEA simulations require thermo-physical material data that is difficult to obtain for industrialrelevant heating processes.In this paper an alternative method of experimentally obtaining optimized heating functions by usinga fuzzy logic controller is introduced. Under steady-state environmental conditions this methodallows a quick and reproducible re-heating. The main advantages of the fuzzy logic based approachare that no specific material data is required, system specific properties such as the efficiency havenot be explicitly determined and that the practical implementation could be realized with a minimumof experimental work
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.141-143.121.pdf
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  • 347
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    Numerical Simulation of Induction Heating of Aluminum Alloy Billets (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 141-143 (July 2008), p. 133-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this work, a numerical model for induction heating is proposed. The heating processconsiders only interaction of electromagnetic effects and heat transfer, and is represented by anunsteady heat diffusion equation. The numerical simulation of the process is performed using afinite volume method in which the induction heating is represented by a volumetric heat sourceterm. The heat source term is evaluated analytically using principles based on Faraday’s and Biot-Savart laws. The technique is applied to the case of induction heating of a cylindrical A356aluminum alloy billet. The model predicts magnetic flux density and temperature distribution duringthe heating process. The effects of process parameters, such as frequency and current density, on thetemperature distribution are also studied. The results show that nearly uniform distribution oftemperature can be achieved when the billet is heated slowly with low frequency and low supplycurrent density
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.141-143.133.pdf
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  • 348
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    Compocasting of an Al-Si-SiC〈sub〉p〈/sub〉 Composite Using Powder Injection Method (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 141-143 (July 2008), p. 175-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this work Al-7wt%Si-10wt%SiCp composites were produced by injection of thereinforcement in the form of SiCp particles or a specially made particulate composite powder ofaluminum and SiCp into the melt of proper composition at a temperature corresponding to 10%solid fraction. This paper presents the results of the investigation on the effects of reinforcementaddition form, reinforcement addition temperature, stirring speed and magnesium addition on theincorporation and distribution of the reinforcement particles. The results showed that incorporationof SiCp particles was considerably improved by their injection in the form of milled Al/SiCpcomposite powder. Better particle wetting, improved particle dispersion and reduced particles sizewere achieved by injection of milled Al/SiCp composite powder instead of SiCp powder.Magnesium addition and high temperature injection were necessary for achieving goodincorporation. Reinforcement incorporation was improved by increasing the stirring speed up to 500rpm, after which the incorporation decreased slowly
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.141-143.175.pdf
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  • 349
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    Development of Rheo-Diecasting of Al-Si Alloys Based on a Modified DSCP Process (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 141-143 (July 2008), p. 185-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An advanced rheo-diecasting technique, based on a modified multi-electromagneticstirring continuous preparation (MSCP) process was developed for manufacturing near-net shapeAl-alloys components with high integrity. The modified MSCP process innovatively combines noncontactelectromagnetic stirring and an annular chamber with specially designed profiles to in situmake high quality semisolid slurry, and intensive forced shearing and self-wiping action can beachieved under high shear rate and high intensity of turbulence inside the annular chamber. ThreeAl-Si alloys with hypoeutectic, eutectic and hypereutectic compositions were tested in this study.The results indicate that, compared with those produced by conventional high-pressure diecasting(HPDC) process, rheo-diecasting samples based on the modified MSCP process have finer andmore uniform microstructure
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.141-143.185.pdf
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  • 350
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    Thixoforming of Hypereutectic Al/Si Automotive Pistons (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 141-143 (July 2008), p. 201-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: For hypereutectic Al/Si alloys, one of the advantages of thixoforming in comparison with castingroutes is the relatively short processing times at high temperatures and hence limited coarsening ofthe Si phase. Coarse silicon particles give poor mechanical properties. Here two hypereutectic Al/Sialloys (magneto-hydro-dynamically (MHD) stirred A390 from Pechiney and an extruded A390 alloyfrom Showa in Japan) have been thixoformed to form pistons. Opening up the die entrance to thefull width of the crown made the flow into the die more uniform and helped to reduce the tendencyfor large pores to form due to swirling of the slurry. Die heating reduced cold shuts in the skirt (thinsection) of the piston. Placing inserts into the die to make holes for the piston pins (i.e. having anobstacle in the thicker regions) evened up the flow between the thick and the thin regions in the die.Massive pores experienced in earlier shots were then eliminated. Placing ceramic material in the dieentrance considerably reduced the shrinkage porosity in the crown. The use of the Showa alloy,where the globular semisolid microstructure is achieved by a solid state deformation route ratherthan MHD, gave reduced shrinkage porosity and eliminated macrosegregation of the eutectic andthe silicon. Computer modeling has aided optimization of the die
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.141-143.201.pdf
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  • 351
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    Sub Liquidus Casting Technology for the Production of High Integrity Component (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 141-143 (July 2008), p. 219-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This work is a contribution to improve the knowledge of components behavior producedby semi-solid processes particularly the Sub-Liquidus-Casting process. Die design was supported byusing the Procast simulation program. The effect of the different variables of the process instructural integrity of the product has been described and analyzed. The components were producedusing A356 alloy formed on a pilot plant with a 400 Ton THT press. The components study wasmade by RX, metallographic analysis and mechanical tests. The effects of T5 and T6 heattreatments were also studied
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.141-143.219.pdf
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  • 352
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    Semisolid Joining of Zinc AG40A Alloy by Partial Remelting and Mechanical Stirring (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 141-143 (July 2008), p. 225-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A technique to achieve the globular weld structure using stirring the localized semisolidzone during butt-joining of zinc AG40A (Zamak-3) die cast alloy is reported. Since the semisolidtemperature range of this alloy is very narrow, the accurate controlling of weld pool temperaturemust be considered. By presented process, globular microstructure of the weld zone can beachieved. Moreover the near weld zone would have the globular structure due to semisolid holding.A gas heating system was designed to heat up the nitrogen gas to desired temperature accurately. Aheating element was embedded in a castable ceramic block while a stream of gas could pass closelyaround the hot element length. Hot nitrogen gas flow through a precise ceramic nozzle was used tocreate a localized semisolid pool. At this stage a fine stirrer was introduced into the weld seam inorder to mix the two sides into a single uniform joint. Local mechanical properties of differentzones show a good strength in the weld metal zone and heat affected zone by results of the shearpunch tests and hardness tests. Air entrapment in the pool decreases by controlling the speed ofsubstrate movement and stirrer rotation under the nozzle. The strengths of each zone show relativecorrespondence to the variation of the hardness values
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 353
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    Effects of T5 and T6 Heat Treatments Applied to Rheocast A356 Parts for Automotive Applications (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 141-143 (July 2008), p. 237-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The correlation between the evaluation of the mechanical and of the fatigue behaviour ofthe rheocast, T5 and T6 heat treated SSM A356 aluminium alloy with respect to the microstructuresof the component has been investigated. The study has been carried out on a suspension arminjected in a rheocasting 800 tons plant in Stampal S.p.A. The new rheocasting is a process thatallows obtaining the alloys in a semisolid state directly from the liquid state, by controlled coolingof the molten alloys. The resulting microstructures are very fine, free from defects andhomogeneous: these characteristics improve the mechanical properties of the alloys and speciallythe response to cyclic stress, an important issue for a suspension component. After a preliminarytensile test analysis, axial high frequency fatigue tests have been carried out at room temperature onspecimen cut out from the suspension arm to determine the Wöhler curve and the number of cyclesto failure. The results of this work allow a comparison of the effects of heat treatment process, T5 orT6, on Semi-Solid components for industrial applications in the automotive field.On the basis of these analysis the correlation between microstructure and mechanical performancescan be established
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 354
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    Servomechanical Press: A New Press Concept for Semisolid Forging (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 141-143 (July 2008), p. 261-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Semisolid forging process requires special movement of the ram, until now onlyachievable with hydraulic presses. The upper die, placed on the press ram, must move fast duringforming of the component in order to reduce segregation phenomena, and, once the part is shaped,the die must squeeze the material so that the contraction of the material is overcome and noshrinkage defects are formed. Traditional mechanical presses are not able to reproduce this kind ofcycles, only possible with hydraulic presses. The introduction of servo motors in mechanical pressesmakes possible the achievement of those requirements, and, therefore, the use of these presses forthe semisolid forging processes. The main characteristic of this type of machines is the eliminationof the flywheel and the clutch; in the solution proposed by the press builder Fagor, the AC servomotor drives the ram of the press by using a transmission based on gears and a crank. This paperpresents some of the results achieved during the semisolid forging of A356 aluminium alloy using a400 tons Fagor servo motor driven mechanical press installed at the University of Mondragon
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.141-143.261.pdf
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  • 355
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    Casting of Aluminum Alloy Bar by Semisolid Roll Casting (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 141-143 (July 2008), p. 295-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Rheo-casting of 4045 aluminum alloy bar was operated using an unequal diameter twin rollcaster and a cooling slope. The semisolid slurry was made by the cooling slope. The thickness of thebar was 12 mm and width was 100mm. The casting speed was 1m/min. Quantity of the melt pouredon the cooling slope was important to make sound bar. The primary crystal became spherical, and itssize was about 40μm
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 356
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    Synthesis and Characterization of NiFe〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉 Nanoparticles Synthesized by Levitational Gas Condensation (LGC) (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 135 (Feb. 2008), p. 123-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: NiFe2O4 nano particles were synthesized by a simple levitational gas condensation (LGC)using Ni and Fe metal powder as starting materials. The TEM image reveals spherical particles withthe range of the particle size from 8 to 22 nm. The Mössbauer spectrum revealed the presence ofsuperparamagnetic phase with abnormal ionic states of Fe2+ and Fe3+
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.135.123.pdf
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  • 357
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    Controlling the Semisolid Grain Size during Solidification (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 141-143 (July 2008), p. 355-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This paper will use a new method for predicting grain size and then apply it to varioussolidification environments to reveal which factors are dominant in determining the final grain size.This study will only focus on methods where the grain size is set during a solidification process.These processes include grain refinement by inoculation of the melt with grain refining particles,increasing the cooling rate, low superheat casting, ultrasonic treatment and the use of chill moulds.Each of these methods can control the grain size to some extent but in order to predict the outcomeit needs to be understood how the alloy constitution, inoculant particle characteristics and thecasting conditions affect the prime nucleation event for the formation of new grains. Thesemethodologies are currently being used, or have potential to be used, for the production of finespherical grained semi-solid slurries
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.141-143.355.pdf
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  • 358
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    EN AC-46500 Injected by Semi-Solid Rheocasting (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 141-143 (July 2008), p. 283-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: EN AC-46500 aluminium components are formed by Semi-Solid Rheocasting (SSR) inan industrial plant using a 700 tons high pressure machine. The dies wear was designed by thePLCO model of the ProCast simulation software. The components have had a good structuralintegrity and the mechanical properties after T6 treatment have been equivalent to that obtained bythe same alloy by die cast.The present work describes the SSR forming process, the resulting microstructure as well as theoptimization of the ageing heat treatment by hardness evolution. The results of the tensile testsmake these clear
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.141-143.283.pdf
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  • 359
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    Rheological Characterization of a New Alloy for Thixoforming (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 141-143 (July 2008), p. 301-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A new aluminum alloy (AlSi5Mg0.5Cu0.3Ag) for semisolid die-casting applications wasdesigned, starting from computational thermodynamics calculations by Computherm Database. Thegoal was to obtain a combination of good castability and proper concentration of hardening elementsfor strengthening precipitation treatment. The predicted thixotropic properties were verified bymeasuring the microstructural conventional parameters, such as globule size and shape factor, and thesolidification range, by means of differential scanning calorimetry. To complete the characterizationof this new alloy and to evaluate its applicability in industrial production, the shear rate andtime-dependent flow behavior of the alloy in the semisolid state was studied in a Searle-typerheometer. A future aim of the present research is to try to use rheology testing as the tool to optimizethe chemical composition, in order to design an alloy characterized by good mechanical performancesand easy processability. Considering the strong influence of the solid fraction content on semisolidalloy viscosity, the rheology tests were interrupted after a certain time and the alloy was deeplyfreezed using vaporized liquid nitrogen, in order to fix the microstructure and verify the correctness ofthe thermodynamic simulation
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.141-143.301.pdf
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    A Comparison of Measuring Devices Used to Prevent Wall Slip in Viscosity Measurements of Metallic Suspensions (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 141-143 (July 2008), p. 307-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: When analysing semi-solid metal alloys or any other suspension in rheometers a majorproblem is related to wall slip effects which lead to an underestimation of the suspensions viscosity.Using smooth rotating rods in rotational rheometry for analysing suspensions a thin particle freelayer of liquid is formed at the surface of the rod due to near-wall segregation. Thus, mainly theviscosity of this layer is measured which is much lower than the one of the bulk phase. Kiljanski [1]proposed a method for rotational rheometers to recalculate such measurements to get viscosityvalues without slip effects. A device-related change to minimize wall slip is the use of rotating rodswith grooved surfaces. Therewith near-wall mixing is produced to destroy the particle free layer.Alternatively, the use of multiple blade vanes is proposed in the literature to avoid wall slip. Thedifferences of the two measuring devices (grooved, vane) are discussed at the example ofmeasurements for a low melting tin-lead alloy in the semi-solid state. It is figured out whether avane geometry is also suitable to be applied for rheological measurements on metallic suspensions
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.141-143.307.pdf
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  • 361
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    Analysis of Rheological Properties of Steel near Solidus Point Using Gleeble〈sup〉®〈/sup〉 Simulator (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 141-143 (July 2008), p. 325-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The main goal of this work is the analysis of rheological properties of steel alloy at hightemperatures, just below the solidus point, and in the semi-solid state with low liquid phase content.Data obtained from the analysis can form the basis of numerical simulation for designing andoptimizing the thixoforming processes. The rheological properties should be known over a widetemperature range so that the simulations could also predict defects such as incomplete die filling.The analysis concerned M2 tool steel alloy. The paper also discusses development of globularmicrostructure in partially melted steel
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.141-143.325.pdf
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  • 362
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    Functionally Gradient Materials via a Casting Process Involving Partial Solidification (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 141-143 (July 2008), p. 349-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A novel technique for the production of functionally gradient materials, developed by theauthors, is presented. The process is known as the Cast-Decant-Cast or CDC process, and involves apartial solidification step. This process takes expensive and time-consuming factors out of theproduction of functionally gradient materials by enabling utilisation of standard foundry equipment,and the process is carried out in a single multi-step casting operation.The CDC process involves simultaneous but separate melting of two alloys of different compositionin order to produce a gradient in material properties. Details of the process are presented. It is shownthat the outcome depends on partial local remelting and alloy mixing, which results in a gradualchange or gradient between the first and second alloys in the as-cast condition, hence producing afunctionally gradient material.The process has been adapted to conventional casting methods such as gravity casting and lowpressure casting. It is the method of decanting the first material from the mould that differentiatesthe process variants. The decanting step for the low pressure method is controlled by pressureapplication and release on the molten alloys within their respective, but separate, sealed holdingchambers. Decanting for the gravity casting method began as a physical inversion of the mould andis now at the point of autodecanting through careful design of an innovative gating system.The CDC process has been proven by means of metallographic study of microstructure to producefunctionally gradient materials. Adapting the CDC process to conventional casting methods hasmade it a potentially commercially viable option for numerous applications. The results of recentresearch on the process are presented in summary form, including multi-alloy experiments,observations on the influence of timing and thermal control, and FGM manufacture using MMCsand joining dissimilar metals
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.141-143.349.pdf
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  • 363
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    Viscosity Estimation of Semi-Solid Alloys by Drop Weight Backward Extrusion Test under High Speed Deformation (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 141-143 (July 2008), p. 379-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A simple method for estimating the apparent viscosity of semi-solid alloys wasinvestigated. A drop weight of 50Kg and backward extrusion equipments were used to test thedeformation. Backward extrusion was employed in a closed die system due to the very littleseparation of liquid from solid phases compared with other methods at very high deformation rate.The half of the calculated impact velocity, 700mm/s was considered as an average velocity fordeformation during the test, since the slop of the velocity changes against time is constant in themiddle stage of the deformation. The initial height of the sample and the thickness of the residualcompressed solid at the bottom of the cup were used to calculate the amount of apparent viscosityof A356 aluminum alloy in this work
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.141-143.379.pdf
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    Alloy Characterization to Adapt Steels to Thixoforming: Study of a High Chromium High Carbon Steel (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 141-143 (July 2008), p. 523-527 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This paper deals with the examination of the influence of alloying elements on thethixoformability of a Cr steel. It focuses on the liquid fraction curves of different Cr steels withmodifications of composition. The effect of composition modifications was observed. The solidfraction versus temperature has been obtained by a thermodynamics software (MTData) and byDifferential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), limited to low heating rates. MTData permits to obtaininformation on the influence of alloying elements, with the advantage of the possibility to changethe chemical composition very easily. The DSC tests determine the influence of the heating rate onthese curves
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.141-143.523.pdf
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    Microstructure and Thermal Plasticity of Semi-Solid M2 Steel Casting Ingots Using Inclined Slope Pre-Crystallization Method (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 141-143 (July 2008), p. 539-544 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Semi-solid M2 steel casting ingots were prepared using inclined slope pre-crystallizationmethod, and the microstructure at different slope length and thermal plasticity of ingots wereinvestigated in this paper. It was clarified that semi-solid processing technology can solve theserious problem of eutectic carbides segregation in casting microstructure. The dendritic primaryaustenite grains are changed into non-dentritic or equiaxed grains, and the eutectic ledeburitecarbide networks are fine. So, it improves the thermal plasticity of casting ingots, and the carbidedistribution of the semi-solid casting ingots is better than conventional casting after being forged
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.141-143.539.pdf
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  • 366
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    Solidification of A356 Alloy in a Linear Electromagnetic Stirrer (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 141-143 (July 2008), p. 563-568 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In the present work, a 2-pole linear electromagnetic stirrer (LEMS) is developed to studythe effect of stirring during solidification of aluminium alloys. The stirrer design entails theplacement of a stack of coils around the mold to generate a primary motion that recirculates alongthe longitudinal direction. The stirrer is first tested and validated by measuring the electromagneticforces on solid aluminum cylinders of different diameters as a function of excitation current. Thealloy to be stirred and solidified is placed in a cylindrical graphite mould located in the annulus ofthe LEMS. A suitable cooling arrangement is provided at the bottom of the mould to extract heatfrom the melt, in order to produce a rheocast billet inside the mould. Rheocasting experiments withA356 aluminium-silicon alloy are performed using a stirring current of 250A, in order to assess theeffect of electromagnetic stirring on microstructure formation. The resulting microstructures andcooling curves with stirring are compared with those obtained without stirring
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.141-143.563.pdf
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    Processing of Hypereutectic AlSiCuFe Alloys in the Semi-Solid State (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 141-143 (July 2008), p. 587-592 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Hypereutectic Al-Si based alloys are expected to be more wear resistant than theAlSi8Cu3Fe alloy, currently used in compressor connecting rods in die cast grades. Die casting ofsuch alloys, however, is not straightforward. Semi-solid processing was thus considered toovercome the problems encountered in casting hypereutectic Al-Si alloys. Two experimentalhypereutectic AlSiCuFe alloys were obtained by adding 8 to 12 wt% Si to the AlSi8Cu3Fe alloy.The ingots of these alloys were melted and cooled to very near their liquidus points, 625ºC and675ºC respectively, before they were poured into a permanent mould in order to produce nondendriticfeedstock for thixoforming. This low superheat casting process largely replaced α-Aldendrites with relatively smaller α-Al rosettes. The slugs machined from the ingots thus obtainedwere thixoformed after they were heated in situ in the semi-solid range for 5 minutes in a laboratorypress. Several thixoformed parts were heat treated to the T6 temper with an accompanying increasein hardness from 91-96 HB to 130-131 HB
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.141-143.587.pdf
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  • 368
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    FSI-Analysis of the MMC-Thixoforging Process Regarding the Rheology of the Aluminiumcast-Alloy AlSi7Mg0,3 (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 141-143 (July 2008), p. 611-616 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This paper illustrates investigations regarding the infiltration process of the thixotropiccast-alloy AlSi7Mg0,3 into laminated fibre woven fabrics by Fluid-Structure Interaction Analysis(FSI). As results of such FSI-Analysis on the one hand the kinematical behaviour of thereinforcement due to the infiltration process on the macroscopic and microscopic level on the otherhand fluiddynamical effects of the regarded alloy are achieved. Thus in the run-up to timeconsumingand cost-intensive experiments, informative bases like fluidic optimizing of the cavity orthe configuration and insertion of the reinforcement component can be numerically developed.Furthermore a reliable prediction of transient permeability of the fibre fabric is possible, whicheffects the infiltration process significantly.Numerical input data such as rheological parameters characterizing the behaviour of partialsolidified alloys have been conducted. Therefor basic rheological tests of the aluminium cast-alloyAlSi7Mg0,3, like `HYSTERESIS TESTS´, `SHEAR RATE JUMP TESTS´ and detection of `STATIC´ and`DYNAMIC YIELD POINTS´ and the `DIFFERENTIAL STRUCTURAL PARAMETER´ have been conducted.Furthermore `EVOLUTION OF VISCOSITY´ has been correlated with thermodynamical calculationsusing ThermoCalc®. Finally the infiltration of a textile semi-finished part (carbon fibre fabric /canvas bonding) by A356 is discussed as an example to demonstrate the feasibility of FSI-Analysis,taking into account a two-way coupling between the interacting CSM- and CFD-Codes
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.141-143.611.pdf
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    Investigation of the Primary Phase Segregation during the Filling of an Industrial Mold with Semi-Solid A357 Aluminum (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 141-143 (July 2008), p. 635-640 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Casting metal alloys in the semi-solid state is now becoming a well establishedmanufacturing technique. But, the success of this technology necessitates a good understanding ofthe feedstock material behaviour. To obtain high quality components with semi-solid metalprocessing, a homogeneous distribution of phases must be maintained in the material during the diefilling stage. Many parameters affect the process such as temperature, time and stress history,which influence the shape, size and connectivity of the particles that make up the slurry. Thesubsequent phase interaction mechanisms are quite complex and have direct effects on the flow andfinal micro-structure distribution of the cast part and thus, without any doubt, on its mechanicalproperties. Two-phase numerical models have been developed to account for the liquid-solid phaseseparation e.g. [1,2]. Several two-phase models have been elaborated on the basis of soil mechanicsand consider that the phase interaction term is mainly due to the flow through a porous medium.Because of the difficulties of making direct measurements in an extremely hostile environment,there has been very little work done to validate these models. In order to fill this gap, a betterunderstanding of the phase distribution and phase segregation mechanisms during the filling step isrequired. In this work, the post-solidification primary α-phase distribution inside an industrialsemi-solid cast part has thus been investigated. A thorough metallographic analysis has beenperformed using an upright microscope coupled to a Clemex image-analysis software. The resultswere then processed to produce a map of the final α-phase distribution. Many different grain scaleshave been observed in the solidified part and their distributions seem to be closely associated to thevelocity field. Contacts between moving particles seem to play an important role in the phasedistribution and show many similarities to granular materials. This latter aspect should beconsidered in the development of new constitutive models for semi-solid slurries
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.141-143.635.pdf
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    Three-Body Abrasive Wear Behaviour of Fiber Reinforced Vinyl Ester Composites (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 136 (Feb. 2008), p. 99-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Fiber reinforced polymer composites are generally known to possess highstrength and attractive wear resistance in dry sliding conditions. The behaviour of suchcomposites performing in abrasive wear situations needs a proper understanding. Hence,in the present work of the three-body abrasive wear behaviour of two dimensional stitchedcarbon fabric, E-glass woven fabric and three dimensional E-glass woven fabric reinforcedvinyl ester composites was investigated. Three-body abrasive wear tests were conductedusing rubber wheel abrasion tester (RWAT) under different abrading distances at twoloads, wherein the wear volume loss were found to increase and that of specific wear ratedecrease. The results indicate that the type of fabric in vinyl ester have a significantinfluence on wear under varied abrading distance/loads. Further, it was found that carbonfabric reinforced vinyl ester composite exhibited lower wear rate compared to E-glasswoven fabric reinforced vinyl ester composites. The worn surface features, as examinedthrough scanning electron microscope (SEM), show higher levels of broken glass fiber intwo dimensional glass woven fabric reinforced vinyl ester composite compared to carbonfabric and three dimensional glass fabric reinforced vinyl ester composites
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.136.99.pdf
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    Studies on the Fabrication and Stab Resistance Characterization of Novel Thermoplastic-Kevlar Composites (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 136 (Feb. 2008), p. 83-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Kevlar has demonstrated the ability to protect well against ballistic threats but has low resistance topuncture. Correctional Kevlar has shown good resistance to puncture. However, the fabric isexpensive, difficult to manufacture because of its tight weave construction, and has limitedprotection against ballistic threats. In an effort to produce materials that are less bulky, moreflexible, and resistant to puncture, thermoplastic-Kevlar (TP-Kevlar) composites have beenexamined. Kevlar fabric was impregnated with thermoplastic film using a hot press to produce thecomposites. Static and dynamic puncture resistant properties of the TP-Kevlar composites wereinvestigated using a National Institute of Justice (NIJ Standard 0115.00) Stab Tower. The TP-filmsused in this study were polyethylene, Surlyn, and co extruded-Surlyn, which is a co extrusion ofSurlyn and polyethylene. Response of the polyethylene (PE)-Kevlar composites, Surlyn-Kevlarcomposites, and co extruded (COEX)-Kevlar composites to spike and knife threats under static anddynamic conditions were compared with that of neat Kevlar. The infusion of thermoplastic filmsinto the Kevlar fabric was shown to dramatically increase puncture resistance during quasi-staticand dynamic testing with spikes. The TP-film type also made a difference when examining theresistance on a comparative basis of the TP-Kevlar targets. The TP-Kevlar composite targetsshowed more resistance to quasi-static spike testing than quasi-static knife testing. Weaponcomparisons revealed that the TP-Kevlar composite targets had more resistance to dynamic knifetesting than dynamic spike testing
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.136.83.pdf
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    Delamination Buckling of Kevlar and Twaron Stitched Glass\Epoxy Composite Laminates by Experiments (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 136 (Feb. 2008), p. 109-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In the present paper, effects of through-the-thickness stitching of delaminated glass/epoxycomposite laminates with two different types of aramid threads, Kevlar® and Twaron® threads, on thebuckling loads are studied. The buckling loads are predicted based on the Southwell, Vertical displacementand Membrane strain plot methods from the experimental data. Flexural modulus of the stitched andunstitched glass/epoxy composite laminates, knot tensile strength of Kevlar® and Twaron®stitching threads are obtained experimentally. From the Southwell, Vertical displacement andMembrane strain plot methods it is observed that stitching either by Kevlar® or Twaron® threadsis effective in improving the buckling strength of glass/epoxy composite laminates when thedelamination length is greater than 0.5L, L is the length of the laminate
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Dynamic Response of Two-Core Sandwich Composite Structures under Impact (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 136 (Feb. 2008), p. 115-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Traditional sandwich structure consists of two face sheets and a core. With an internalsheet inserted into the core, a two-core sandwich structure is then formed. Two-core sandwichstructures with composite laminated face sheets and a thin internal sheet subjected to low velocityimpact are studied in this paper. Local displacement of the core under the point of impact isinvestigated. Simulated results show that the local displacement of the core along the direction ofthe impact has been decreased significantly by introducing the internal sheet into a traditional singlesandwich structure and by reducing the space between the internal sheet and the impacted face sheet.Shear deformation in the cores of a two-core sandwich structure is also investigated and attention isfocused on shear strains on interfaces between face/internal sheets and the cores. Results furthershow that strain levels in selected elements at the interested interfaces depend upon locations of theselected elements and arrangements of the internal sheet
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Analysis of Robustness of Vibration Control System for a Magnetically Supported Shaft (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 144 (Sept. 2008), p. 16-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Analysis of robustness of active magnetic bearing system is carried out in the paper. Allof the most important acceptable levels of robustness are established. Rigid body model of a rotor isused for controller design, stability and analysis of robustness. Advanced tools for robust control areapplied. The μ-synthesis is used to design a μ robust controller to stabilize the shaft that issupported magnetically. The influence of robust control on the sensitivity of plant with anuncertainty dynamics is shown. The influence of dynamic uncertainty on the robustness level ofclosed-loop system is considered. Small gain theorem and robustness theorem for an activemagnetic bearing are investigated. Finally, the experimental results confirm the analyticalinvestigations of the robust control of vibrations
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.144.16.pdf
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    Multi-Fingered Haptic Interface Robot and its Application Systems (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 144 (Sept. 2008), p. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Haptic interfaces that represent force and tactile feeling have been utilized in the areas oftelemanipulation, interaction with microscale and nanoscale phenomena, and medical training andevaluation, to mention only some applications. A multi-fingered haptic interface has greaterpotential for these kinds of applications than does a singlepoint haptic interface. We developed afive-fingered haptic interface robot named HIRO II, which consists of a hand with 15 dof and anarm with 6 dof. The following research issues are presented: the design method of mechanism, aninterface control that takes the redundancy of the mechanism into consideration, physical simulationincluding frictional force and moment, a haptic rendering with a deformable object, the systemarchitecture and two application systems--a future science encyclopedia and a VR breast palpationsystem
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.144.1.pdf
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    Uncertainty Modeling in Robust Control of Active Magnetic Suspension (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 144 (Sept. 2008), p. 22-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Stabilization of a plant in case of uncertainty parameters and unmodeled dynamics arethe main problems considered in this paper. A robust control of motion of a rigid shaft that issupported by magnetic bearings was used as an example. The dynamics of the active magneticsuspension system is characterized by instability and uncertainty. The uncertainty is modeled as anadditive and multiplicative. Robust controller H∞ was designed for the defined plant with theuncertainty models. The robust controller assures high quality of control despite the uncertaintymodels. Robust control of vibrations of a rigid rotor is confirmed by experimental studies. A digitalsignal processor is used to execute the control algorithm in real time
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Modeling of Magnetic Attraction Force of Electromagnetic Module in a Relative Base – Air-Gap – Absolute Base System (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 144 (Sept. 2008), p. 53-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this paper a formula of estimation of magnetic attraction force in the relative base –air-gap – absolute base system is presented. The attraction force of the relative base (forcer) to theferromagnetic absolute base (stator) is a result of the attraction of permanent magnets, which are thecomponents of the electromagnetic modules. The physical model and mathematical description ofthe particular electromagnetic module are presented
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.144.53.pdf
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  • 378
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    Diagnostics of Scoring in Gears (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 144 (Sept. 2008), p. 118-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In the paper, the scoring phenomenon appearing on the surfaces of meshing teeth and theconditions of its initiation are presented. The methodology of detection of this phenomenon isproposed. Based on the formulated methodology, it is possible to determine the condition of a gearby means of the reliability function
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.144.118.pdf
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  • 379
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    Development of Adapted Heat Treatments for Steels out of the Semi-Solid State after Thixoforming (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 141-143 (July 2008), p. 695-700 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The process of thixoforming incorporates a series of forming processes in the semi-solidstate, which can be categorized between the conventional processes of forging and casting andcombines the advantages of these processes. Thixoforming of steels in the semi-solid state, requiresround, solid particles (globulites) in a liquid matrix which is deformed with low forming forces. Inorder to achieve laminar material flow and to produce segregation-free components, the materialmust fulfil diverse criteria. First, the melting interval should be as large as possible for an easytemperature regulation. Next, low solidus and liquidus temperatures are advantageous regardingtool loading. Additionally, thixoformable steels should show a melting behaviour that is finegrainedand globular. Furthermore, these steels should possess low contents of intraglobular liquidphase fractions.This paper gives a survey of the current state of steel Thixoforming and deals with the developmentof adaptive heat treatment strategies. Regarding the structure formation and the development ofsuitable heat treatment strategies, the once semi-solid state yields new structures that can be appliedin ways not previously possible with conventional hardening processes. New microstructures andup to date unknown better mechanical properties can be adjusted with an optimised heat treatmentstrategy. By this, new fields of application for thixo-materials can be entered and also advancedprocedures for special applications can be established. For example the steel X210CrW12 leads to avery hard material with high wear-resistance, which can be used at higher temperatures than theconventional hardened material. In general, new generic microstructures after thixoforming resultsin unexpected favourable mechanical properties. Problems arise with respect to segregation andpores which resulting in inhomogeneous property distributions
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.141-143.695.pdf
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  • 380
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    Fabrication of Rheological Material of A356 Aluminum Alloy by Electromagnetic Stirring through Vacuum Pump (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 141-143 (July 2008), p. 731-736 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This study demonstrates fabricating rheological material by EMS system attachedvacuum pump, in order to improve mechanical properties of rheoforged products by removingdefects such as porosity and oxides arising from rheological forging process. The billet fabricatedby EMS in vacuum pressure reduced formation of oxides and porosities of the inner material. Thebillet fabricated by EMS in vacuum pressure below 56 cm/Hg remarkably reduced porosities,comparing to the EMS in atmospheric pressure
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.141-143.731.pdf
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  • 381
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    Symmetry Behavior of Thixoextruded AZ31 Mg Alloy (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 141-143 (July 2008), p. 749-753 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This study was carried out to characterize thixoextruded AZ31 Mg alloy in terms of itssymmetric behavior through the optical microscope, electron back scattering diffraction andmechanical test. The elongated grains to the extrusion direction were generally observed during hotextrusion, while the thixoextruded microstructures were isotropic. Texture of hot extruded barshowed the strong fiber component, while that of thixoextruded bar was random distribution. Theaspect ratio of hot extruded bar was irregular at each position. On the contrary, the aspect ratio ofthixoextruded bar was almost uniform below 2 at each position
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.141-143.749.pdf
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  • 382
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    Weldability of SSM Rheo Processed Aluminum Alloy A356 (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 141-143 (July 2008), p. 773-778 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: CSIR-Rheo technology process which involves the preparation of metal slurry directfrom liquid alloys by stirring and cooling was applied for treatment of Al-7%Si-0.35%Mg alloy,A356, to the Semi-Solid Metal state. Plates were cast in steel moulds with a 50 Ton High PressureDie Casting machine. Heat treatments T4 and T6 were given to the samples. Butt laser welding wasperformed on the heat treated and as fabricated plates (F). Tensile properties, hardness profile,microstructure of the weld, heat affected zone and base metal were examined. Some comments onoutcomes of the research are included
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.141-143.773.pdf
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  • 383
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    Rotor Crack Detection Using Active Magnetic Bearings (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 144 (Sept. 2008), p. 9-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Well-established procedures exist to monitor and diagnose fairly severe problems withrotating machinery but little progress has been made in developing techniques to detect subtlechanges in machine condition for both improved diagnostics, and to develop prognostic proceduresfor determining remaining service life. Of all machine faults, crack initiated problems presentprobably the most significant safety and loss hazard in modern turbomachinery, including aircraftengines and power generation units. Different approaches are used to model, detect, and localizecrack-induced damage in rotating structures. This paper presents novel application of activemagnetic bearings (AMBs) for on-line rotor crack detection. AMB-actuators provide convenientmeans to apply a broad spectrum of known dynamic forces and monitor responses in a rotor-bearingsystem, which facilitates more sensitive and precise diagnostics. The paper presents theoreticalmodeling and description of the experimental facility for proof-of-concept testing
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.144.9.pdf
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  • 384
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    The Influence of Selected Powder Fillers on the Tribological Properties of Composite Materials for Dental Fillings (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 144 (Sept. 2008), p. 33-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The aim of this study was to determine the influence of powder fillers on the tribologicalproperties of composite materials used for dental fillings. The investigated composites contain afluoridated filler (based on Ba-Sr-Al-P-Na-silicate glass fillers) as a fluoride source as well asdifferent powder fillers (friction modifiers) e.g. silicon nitride (Si3N4), boron nitride (BN),polyethylene (PE), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Composite disks were photo-cured and testedfor wear against harder stainless-steel counterface. Wear tests were carried out by means of specialtribotester in the presence of phosphate buffer as a lubricant. Influence of the load and fillercontents on the friction coefficients and wear were estimated. The interaction between the fillerparticles and organic matrix and its influence on the tribological behavior of prepared specimenswere observed. Organic powder fillers (PE, PTFE) reduced the friction coefficient and the wear oftested composite materials for dental fillings. Inorganic friction modifiers (Si3N4, BN) did notexhibit this effect
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.144.33.pdf
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  • 385
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    Design of Dynamic Nonlinear Control Techniques for Flexible-Link Manipulators (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 144 (Sept. 2008), p. 250-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this paper, we develop robust dynamical controllers for addressing the problems oftracking and regulation of flexible-link manipulators. The design of dynamical controllers is basedon construction of a two-time scale dynamical motion of the closed-loop system. The main controlobjective is to achieve stability of the closed-loop system while ensuring boundedness of all thecontrol signals as well as sufficiently small tip-position tracking requirement. In order to achieve aminimum phase behaviour for utilizing output feedback control strategy, a new redefined output isproposed. Instead of using the joint angles as outputs in the rigid-link case, a new output is chosenfor the flexible-link case which will provide and guarantee stability of the closed-loop flexiblesystem. Simulations results are provided for flexible-link manipulators using the proposed controlstrategies. A comparative analysis is also included to demonstrate and illustrate the advantages anddisadvantages of the considered control methodologies
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.144.250.pdf
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  • 386
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    High-Temperature Mechanical Relaxation due to Dislocation Motion inside Dislocation Networks (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 137 (Mar. 2008), p. 21-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Internal friction peaks observed in single or polycrystals are clearly due to a dislocationrelaxation mechanism. Because a sample observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM)often exhibits in the same time various dislocation microstructures (isolated dislocations,dislocation walls, etc.) it is very difficult to connect the observed relaxation peak with a particulardislocation microstructure. Using isothermal mechanical spectroscopy (IMS), it is easier tocompare, for instance, the evolution of a relaxation peak with measurement temperature to themicrostructural evolution observed by in-situ TEM at the same temperatures. IMS was used tostudy a relaxation peak in a 5N aluminium single crystal firstly 1% cold worked and then annealedat various temperatures. TEM experiments performed in the same material at various temperaturesequal to the temperatures used for the damping experiments made possible to link this internalfriction peak with a relaxation effect occurring inside dislocation walls. In two other experiments ina 4N aluminium polycrystal and in a metal matrix composite with SiC whiskers, it is shown that theobserved relaxation peaks are connected to the motion of dislocations inside polygonizationboundaries in the first case and in dislocation pile-ups around each whisker in the second one.Theoretical models proposed to explain such relaxation peaks due to a dislocation motion inside adislocation wall or network are discussed
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 387
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    Damping in AZ31 ECAP-Processed Alloy (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 137 (Mar. 2008), p. 181-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Study of anelasticity in AZ31 magnesium-based alloy in initial (hot-rolled at 370 оС)condition and after one and four passes of equal channel angular pressing is carried out. An internalfriction peak was found at 170 °C at a frequency f of about 1 Hz. Two possible mechanisms of thispeak are discussed: it is suggested that the peak origin is the grain boundary relaxation
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.137.181.pdf
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  • 388
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    Change of Structure and Properties of 51CrV4 Shaft Caused by Thermo-Mechanical Treatment (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 137 (Mar. 2008), p. 169-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The simultaneous influence of both thermal and mechanical treatment was applied toproduce a geometrically complex shaft from 51CrV4 steel. This special treatment led to theformation of adjacent microstructures which were significantly different from each other. It wasfound that these microstructural changes were accompanied by a change of mechanical properties interms of hardness, electrical resistivity and especially internal friction. Specimens for structuralstudies and study of mechanical and physical properties were taken out from different places of theproduced shaft and tested in order to verify and understand the obtained gradation. The significantvariations in properties could be explained in terms of structure and dislocation behaviour underapplied cyclic stress using mechanical spectroscopy technique. The cold-work (Snoek-Köster) peakwas recognised and analysed in the structure of this steel
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 389
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    Study of PPV Polymer Layers on Si Substrates by Mechanical Spectroscopy (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 137 (Mar. 2008), p. 189-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Thin layers of the OLED related polyphenylene-vinylene (PPV) deposited by a precursoron micro-fabricated Si cantilevers were studied by applying the vibrating-reed technique duringrepeated temperature cycling between 100 and 520 K. By means of the Langmuir-Blodgett methodfor film production, the dependence of damping and elastic modulus on well defined values of filmthickness (16 to 69 nm) was determined. Simultaneous measurements of these quantities showedfour damping peaks during heating around 130 K (called γ), 250 K (β), 350 K (β’), and 400 K(called C). Three of them (γ, β’, C) disappeared after heating to the highest temperature (520 K)indicating their presence in the precursor only. The activation parameters of the relaxation peaks (γ,β, β’) were estimated and assigned to specific atomic movements in the molecule. Peak C occursduring the conversion process of precursor to polymer. Earlier results are essentially substantiated,indicating only slight differences to those for layers produced previously by spin coating. The observedthickness dependence of damping for the γ and β peaks suggests a weaker contribution ofmolecules in the surface region than of those in the bulk, while the β’ peak is supposed to resultfrom molecules in the interface region between layer and substrate
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.137.189.pdf
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  • 390
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    Analysis of Possibilities of Fisher’s Model Development (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 138 (Mar. 2008), p. 133-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The possibilities of Fisher’s model development and generalization are considered, as thismodel in its classical form contradicts some experimental results. Particularly, it does not explainsuch a phenomenon, observed in Mössbauer studies, as the transfer of grain-boundary diffusingatoms into near-boundary crystallite areas at temperatures when the volume diffusion is admittedlyfrozen. Different models explaining this phenomenon are briefly reviewed, the greatest attentionbeing paid to a model accounting for the presence of equilibrium-composition near-boundary layers.It is demonstrated that based on the results of grain boundaries investigations one can conclude thatat relatively low temperatures (〈 0.35 – 0.40 Tm) the diffusant pumping from a grain boundaryproceeds much faster than volume diffusion, and possible reasons for that are considered
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.138.133.pdf
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  • 391
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    Structural Evolution of Al-Cr Alloy during Processing (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 138 (Mar. 2008), p. 145-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Aluminium-chromium based alloys are promising candidates for manufacture of lightcomponents exposed to elevated temperatures. The work describes properties of Al-6.0wt.%Cr-2.1wt.%Fe-0.5wt.%Ti alloy. The rapidly solidified powder was prepared by the pressure nitrogenmelt atomization. The powder was then subject to heat treatment in order to investigate solid statephase transformations. Compaction of the powder was carried out by hot extrusion after preheatingat 450 °C. Microstructure, phase composition and structural transformations on heat treatment wereinvestigated in the as-atomized powder, as well as in the as-extruded alloy. It is found thatmetastable state of the rapidly solidified powder is characterized by presence of quasi-crystallinephases and supersaturated solid solution. Heating before and during the hot extrusion inducesdecomposition of the supersaturated solid solution and quasicrystalline to crystalline phasetransformations. The hot extruded alloy has a refined recrystallized structure that remains verystable aven after long-term annealing at 400 °C. Mechanical properties of the extruded alloy arediscussed in terms of strengthening mechanisms
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 392
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    Effect of Dissolution on the Ni〈sub〉3〈/sub〉Sn〈sub〉4〈/sub〉 Growth Kinetics at the Interface of Ni and Liquid Sn-Base Solders (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 138 (Mar. 2008), p. 153-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The Ni3Sn4 intermetallic layer occurs at the interface of nickel and the saturated orundersaturated Sn-base solder melt at 250-450 °C and dipping times of 300 to 2400 s. Mathematicalequations are proposed to evaluate the thickness of the Ni3Sn4 layer formed under conditions ofsimultaneous dissolution in the undersaturated solder melt
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.138.153.pdf
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  • 393
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    Solid State Transformations in Cu/In-48Sn/Cu Diffusion Soldered Interconnections (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 138 (Mar. 2008), p. 165-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Paper describes solid state phenomena occurring during the formation of interconnectionsintended to the electronic industry. Diffusion soldering technology is an undemanding andfunctional tool to use when the growth of intermetallic phase(s) is desired and controlled in order toobtain the joint consisted solely of an intermetallic phase. Scanning and transmission electronmicroscopy investigations of the microstructure and sequence of appearance of the intermetallicswithin the joined area are discussed. The diffusion path describing the chemical compositionchanges across the interconnection was found to correlate with microstructure transformations. Thegrowth kinetics of the δ′[Cu41(Sn,In)11] phase was determined in the temperature range of 300 –350 °C
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.138.165.pdf
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  • 394
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    On the Physicochemical Mechanism of the Influence of Preliminary Mechanical Activation on Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 138 (Mar. 2008), p. 159-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The analysis of physicochemical mechanism of the influence of mechanical activation(MA) of a charge mixture on the subsequent self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) ofintermetallic compounds is performed. Numerical estimates have revealed an insignificant role ofthe energy stored in solid reactants due to cold work during MA. The characteristic time ofrelaxation of non-equilibrium vacancies, which were generated in metals by MA, during heating inthe SHS wave is estimated, and their insignificant influence on the reaction kinetics at hightemperatures is demonstrated. It is shown that a strong effect of preliminary MA on SHS can beattributed only to deformation-enhanced solid-state diffusion during MA, which can lead to theformation of a supersaturated solid solution and thus affect the conditions for nucleation of aproduct phase (intermetallic compound) upon heating
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.138.159.pdf
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  • 395
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    Solid Phase’s Transformations in Boron Carbide Based Composites during Heat Treatment (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 138 (Mar. 2008), p. 175-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Lightweight B4C/Al composites were produced from powders of boron carbide andaluminum by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS). The effects of postdensificationheat treatment at different temperatures and environmental conditions on phase transformations andproperties evolution were studied. Heat treatment processing that followed the synthesis was appliedusing low heating rate in temperature range from 400°C up to 1500°C. An interconnectedmultiphase (B4C, Al3BC, and c-BN) microstructure was produced in composite as a result of heattreatment at temperatures below 1080°C. The formation of hard and brittle reaction products (AlN,AlB2, Al4C3, and Al8B4C7) at temperatures above 1150°C causes decrease in bending strength andincrease in resistance to unlubricated sliding wear
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    The Analytical and Computational Thermodynamics of Closed Binary Systems (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 138 (Mar. 2008), p. 241-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The Review. The presented results got by author in the field of analytical and computingthermodynamics of the binary systems for the last 25 years. This review includes following sections.In the first section, transition from description of the equilibrium of the phases in two-phase openbinary system to description of the equilibrium of the phases in two-phase closed binary system isshown. It allows to go from problem of global minimization in five-dimension space with provisionfor restrictions to problem of searching for of the global minimum in 3-dimension space withprovision for restrictions. The derivation of the system of equations for equilibrium of two phases inclosed binary system is given in the second. The third section, different interpretations (as physical,for as geometric and chemical) for the set of the equations for two phases equilibrium for closedbinary system are discussed. Analytical description of invariance for the set of equations of phaseequilibrium at transformation of molar Gibbs free energies relatively algebra adding of linearfunctions on compositions with coefficients, which are any functions of temperature and pressure, isproved in the fourth section. The generalization of the Maxwell’s rule in conjugate coordinates forclosed binary systems, which is given the fifth section, has allowed to formulate the new algorithm(U-algorithm) of the calculation of the phase diagrams. The autonomous U-algorithm unlikeNewton-method (and its modifications), which is describes in the sixth section, does not require thetasks of the initial approach and possesses the square-law velocity to convergence as Newton -method. Some applications of computer programs, which bases on the U-algorithm, for calculatedbinary phase diagrams, including solution of indirect problems, are described in the seventh sectionIn the eight section obtained results with comparison published papers are discussed. Finally, in theninth section, we summarize and discuss in short form of some open problems at present and onwhich are received only first results
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.138.241.pdf
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  • 397
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    Statistical Thermodynamics and Ordering Kinetics of D0〈sub〉19〈/sub〉-Type Phase: Application of the Models for H.C.P.-Ti–Al Alloy (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 138 (Mar. 2008), p. 283-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Using the self-consistent field approximation, the static concentration waves approachand the Onsager-type kinetics equations, the descriptions of both the statistical thermodynamics andthe kinetics of an atomic ordering of D019 phase are developed and applied for h.c.p.-Ti–Al alloy.The model of order–disorder phase transformation describes the phase transformation of h.c.p. solidsolution into the D019 phase. Interatomic-interaction parameters are estimated for bothapproximations: one supposes temperature-independent interatomic-interaction parameters, whilethe other one includes the temperature dependence of interchange energies for Ti–Al alloy. Thepartial Ti–Al phase diagrams (equilibrium compositions of the coexistent ordered α2-phase anddisordered α-phase) are evaluated for both cases. The equation for the time dependence of D019-type long-range order (LRO) parameter is analyzed. The curves (showing the LRO parameterevolution) are obtained numerically for both temperature-independent interaction energies andtemperature-dependent ones. Temperature dependence of the interatomic-interaction energiesaccelerates the LRO relaxation and diminishes a spread of the values of instantaneous andequilibrium LRO parameters versus the temperature. Both statistical-thermodynamics and kineticsresults show that equilibrium LRO parameter for a non-stoichiometry (where an atomic fraction ofalloying component is more than 0.25) can be higher than for a stoichiometry at high temperatures.The experimental phase diagram confirms the predicted (ordered or disordered) states for h.c.p.-Ti–Al
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.138.283.pdf
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  • 398
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    A Semi-Empirical Parameterization of Interatomic Interactions Based on the Statistical-Thermodynamic Analysis of the Data on Radiation Dif-fraction and Phase Equilibria in F.C.C.-Ni–Fe Alloys (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 138 (Mar. 2008), p. 303-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Using both the statistical-thermodynamics methods within the scope of the selfconsistentfield approximation and the diffraction data on coherent (or diffuse) scattering of X-rays(or thermal neutrons) from (dis)ordered f.c.c.-Ni–Fe alloys of various compositions, the estimationof interatomic interactions (including their magnetic contribution) and their temperature–concentration dependences were obtained. Based on the static concentration-wave representation,the expressions for configuration free energies of L12-Ni3Fe-type permalloy, L10-NiFe-type elinvarand L12-Fe3Ni-type invar were analyzed, considering explicit expressions for configuration entropiesof atomic and magnetic subsystems with their configuration internal energies. Phase diagramof a system at issue was plotted within the field of the presence of f.c.c.-Ni–Fe alloys; their phaseboundaries, equilibrium (static) properties near critical points (order parameter, etc.), and possiblemicrostructures developed by composition-controlled magnetic transitions and/or order–disorderconstant-composition solid–solid phase transformations were discussed. The obtained results werecompared with available experimental data
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.138.303.pdf
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  • 399
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    Vaporization and Thermochemical Study of SrCeO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉(s) and SrCe〈sub〉0.95〈/sub〉Yb〈sub〉0.05〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉(s) by Knudsen Effusion Mass Spectrometry (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 138 (Mar. 2008), p. 319-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The vaporization of samples in the SrO-CeO2 system was investigated by the use ofKnudsen effusion mass spectrometry in the temperature range of 1494 K – 1988 K. Partial pressuresof the gaseous species O2, CeO2, Sr, and SrO were determined over the samples investigated. Thepartial pressures of the species were used for the evaluation of thermodynamic activities of CeO2and SrO in the samples at 1800 K. The enthalpy of formation of SrCeO3(s) was obtained as[removed info]fH°(298 K) = -1644 ± 21 kJ mol-1. The Gibbs energy of formation of SrCeO3(s) from SrO(s) andCeO2(s) resulted as [removed info]fG°(1800 K) = -12.5 ± 2.8 kJ mol-1 for the phase field {SrCeO3 + ss of SrO inCeO2} and [removed info]fG°(1800 K) = -13.7 ± 2.1 kJ mol-1 for the phase field {SrCeO3 + SrO}. The influenceof the Yb concentration in the perovskite phase SrCe0.95Yb0.05O3 on the CeO2(s) activity was studiedas well. The thermodynamic properties obtained in the present study are discussed on the basis ofthe data available in literature
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.138.319.pdf
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  • 400
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    Developing of Ceramic Roof Tiles Process by Powder Pressing and Firing in Roller Kiln (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 591-593 (Aug. 2008), p. 521-525 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this work, it was investigated the behavior of a ceramic composition in pressing andfiring process, related to its pyroplasticity, to permit the production of roof tiles in roller kiln.Experiments were realized varying the parameters of pressing, sintering and composition, adding arefractory material. With this study, it became possible to select the optimal parameters of pressingand firing, and to start the pilot industrial tests. The developed process has advantages, in theprocess and the final product, related with the standard process (extrusion and firing in tunnel kiln).The process is energetically more efficient, because there are no movable in the kiln. It wasmeasured a flexural strength above 40 MPa with 12mm thickness, saving material. Also, theproduct has a higher quality in size, shape and dimensional precision (linear thermal shrinkagelower than 1,5%); tonality, porosity (water absorption lower than 10%), and frost resistance
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.591-593.521.pdf
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