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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 402 (1984), S. 289-296 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Epithelium ; Chorion laeve ; Diabetes mellitus ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The epithelium of human chorion laeve from pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus was examined under the light and electron microscopy. In comparison with normal chorion laeve, the epithelium of chorion laeve in diabetes mellitus shows the following morphological changes: 1. The trophoblast cells display more microvilli and cell processes on their surface. 2. Trophoblast cells with different cytoplasmic characteristics can be seen. Some display few organelles and large glycogen depositions; other are rich in organelles. Furthermore, some cells with electron dense filaments and few cell organelles can be found. 3. Necrotic cells are frequently present in the outer epithelial layers. 4. The intercellular spaces in the epithelial layers near the basement membrane are narrower. Since vasculopathy of the decidual arteries with disturbance of blood circulation is often found in pathological pregnancies, we assume that the morphological changes found are due to deficiency in nutrient and oxygen supply.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Alloxan ; Culture ; Electron microscopy ; 6-Hydroxydopamine ; Pancreaticβ-cells ; Stereology
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Stereological techniques on electron microscopy micrographs were used to evaluate the morphological changes of cultured isletβ cells that had been exposed to alloxan or 6-hydroxydopamine. Trypan Blue exclusion by cells cultured for 3 days indicated that the cells were 100% viable. Electron microscopy revealed that nearly all of the surviving cultured cells wereβ cells. Exposure to 5 mmol/l alloxan or 1–5 mmol/l 6-hydroxydopamine for 10 or 30 min caused a general swelling of the cultured cells with a concomitant swelling of mitochondria and nuclei. The size of the secretory granules was not affected by the drugs. Only 3–10% of the cells excluded Trypan Blue after exposure to 5 mmol/l alloxan or 6-hydroxydopamine. The data conform with the hypothesis that a primary action of alloxan and 6-hydroxydopamine is at the plasma membrane level ofβ cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 404 (1984), S. 213-221 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Oat cell carcinoma ; Male breast ; Immunocytochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A case of small cell neuroendocrine (oat cell) carcinoma of the breast in a 52-year old male is presented. Oat cell carcinomas have been reported in various extrapulmonary sites, but this is the second case of a primary oat cell carcinoma of the breast and the first one to have been documented in a male. The tumor was investigated histologically, immunocytochemically and ultrastructurally. The relationship to so-called “carcinoid” mammary tumors is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 404 (1984), S. 427-434 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Elephantiasis neuromatosa ; Neurofibromatosis ; Electron microscopy ; Immunohistochemistry ; S-100 protein
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary An example of elephantiasis neuromatosa, an unusual variant of neurofibromatosis, coexistent with lipomatosis is presented. This dual cell population produced a diffuse swelling of the gluteal sulcus of a young female. The neurogenous origin of the spindle cell component was substantiated by immunoreactivity for S-100 protein as well as by the fine structural observation of a regular basement membrane coating and a profusion of Luse bodies. As far as can be ascertained, this is the first reported immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of this particular variant of peripheral nerve sheath lesion.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor ; Electron microscopy ; Histoenzymology ; Ameloblast ; Amyloid-like substance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor, simultaneously located in the two jaws (maxilla and mandible) was examined by histochemical and electron microscopic methods. Squamous tumor cells without secretory polarity were different from those of common ameloblastoma. High activities of alkaline phosphatase and ATPases were demonstrated by light and electron microscopy on the cytoplasmic membrane, findings similar to those in the stratum intermedium cells of the normal dental germ from which these tumor cells seem to arise. The tumor cells, like preameloblasts of the dental germ, also produce a granulo-filamentous material in intracytoplasmic vesicles and discharge it into the stroma. This “pseudo-amyloid” substance represents an abnormal protein of the enamel matrix and calcification, mainly occurring in that substance, might be an attempt at mineralization.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 403 (1984), S. 391-400 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Light microscopy ; Granular cell tumour ; Mammary gland neoplasm
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Primary granular cell tumours of the breast in 35 2and 55 year old women were studied by light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Light and electron microscopy revealed a neural origin of the tumours and this was further substantiated by immunohistochemical studies, with positive S-100 protein reaction and negative reactions for surface heavy and light chains, CEA, alfa-1-antitrypsin, muramidase and GFA-protein. Granular cell tumour of the mammary gland is a very rare tumour. Clinically it sometimes simulates carcinoma because of its fibrous consistency, fixation to pectoral fascia and skin retraction. The diagnosis of granular cell tumour should be included in the differential diagnosis of carcinoma of the breast. The granular cell tumour is derived from neuro-ectodermal tissue. Whether it represents a neurogenic cell-confined metabolic disturbance with lysosomal activation, or a true neoplasm remains to be elucidated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Urological research 12 (1984), S. 17-22 
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Schlagwort(e): Urinary calculi ; Electron microscopy ; X-ray microanalysis ; Artefacts
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Material in urinary calculi is prone to irradiation damage during electron microscopy and this suggests the need for care in the interpretation of data. It is shown, however, that minimum-dose transmission microscopy is feasible for single-crystal electron diffraction work, and that although internal damage in severe, morphological artefacts are unlikely in the SEM unless the incident electron flux is greater than 10-13 A nm-2. During EDX micro-analysis, the detection of light elements is impaired by irradiation effects unless a minimum-dose procedure is used. For the preparation of SEM samples, artefacts can be created by cleaving air-dried material-and it is therefore important to consider more lengthy preparation methods such as cryogenics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Schlagwort(e): Concanavalin A ; Lectin receptors ; Bladder tumor ; Electron microscopy ; X-ray microanalysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary We used concanavalin A (con A)-peroxidase-iron dextran-diaminobenzidine (DAB) technique for the electron microscopic detection of con A binding sites on cell membranes. Normal bladder mucosa showed a sparse distribution of con A binding sites with both transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron microscopy, but bladder tumors showed a higher concentration in the distribution of con A binding sites in proportion to the histopathological grade of transitional cell carcinoma. Quantitative estimation of the con A binding sites was attempted using scanning X-ray pulse analysis of iron elements contained in the reaction complexes. Con A binding sites were quantitatively the smallest in normal mucosa, increasing proportionate to the grade of the bladder tumor. Some specimens were compared by the ferritin-labelled method and the pattern of ferritin conjugates distribution was similar to that seen with the con A-peroxidase-iron dextran method.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Schlagwort(e): Urinary calculi ; Stone ultrastructure ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A study of urinary stones obtained from patients after surgery in the Medical College Hospital, Trivandrum, under the scanning electron microscope showed the presence of calcium oxalate and calcium biphosphate crystals as the main constituents. However, the pattern of the different phases of crystal growth was not uniform. Within the crystal lattice, fibrous structures, possibly of protein matrix, were invariably observed. Electron microscopy may be usefully adapted as a particularly suitable method for ultramicroscopic investigation of the fine structure of urinary stones including single crystal surface structure, section of urinary calculi and for possible presence of hitherto unknown components within the calculus.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 169 (1984), S. 9-20 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Peroxisomes ; Marginal plates ; DAB-Cytochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Freeze-etching
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In the canine circumanal gland, the morphological alterations of peroxisomes during differentiation and maturation of the glandular cells were studied by electron microscopy, cytochemistry and freeze-etch technique. Each of the following three cell types has its own characteristic peroxisomal population: 1) The basal cell contains only a few small peroxisomes, which appear as spherical and tubular profiles showing strong DAB reaction. In the differentiating basal cells, these are joined by a few dilated, hemispherical organelles with intensely stained small marginal plates. 2) In the intermediate cell, additional to spherical and tubular peroxisomes, numerous clongated organelles with distinct marginal plates are observed, displaying weak catalase activity. 3) In the mature cell, dumbbell-shaped peroxisomes with enlarged marginal plates predominate. Serial section analysis and freeze-etching studies reveal that these dilated particles are of erythrocyte-like shape. They exhibit very weak catalase activity or do not contain any visible DAB reaction product. In their flattened, thin central portions, the memoranes enclose the marginal plates and form straight cisternae, which are closely associated with adjacent fenestrated cisternae of ER on both sides, referred to as paramarginal cisternae. Dumbbell-shaped peroxisomes with their corresponding paramarginal cisternae form large peroxisome-ER-complexes. Furthermore, three to five dumbbell-shaped particles are often stacked in parallel. Only at their flat poles are the organelles in close contact with paramarginal cisternae. The observation of continuities, in particular between erythrocyte-like organelles and tubular peroxisomes in mature glandular cells, indicates the existence of a peroxisomal compartment composed of two segments in the mature stage. In freeze-etch replicas of mature glandular cells, only the dilated segments of the peroxisomal compartment can be easily recognized because of their unusual size and erythrocyte-like shape. Additionally, on the E-face of their central portion, a straight, square or rectangular area with a distinct crystalline pattern is seen, which corresponds to the marginal plate. These findings indicate that the circumanal gland of the dog offers unique possibility to analyze the biological properties of a well-defined peroxisomal compartment.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 62 (1984), S. 225-229 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Dandy-Walker syndrome ; Dandy-Walker cyst ; Ependymal cell ; Ultrastructure ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructure of the wall of the Dandy-Walker cyst has been described rarely. A boy aged 2 years was confirmed clinically, neuroradiologically, and operatively as having a Dandy-Walker cyst in the posterior fossa. The cyst wall obtained during surgery consisted of an outer arachnoid cell layer, intermediate interwoven neuroglial strands, and an inner layer of cells which lacked the characteristic appearance of ependyma. An unusual finding was a small, buried island of ependymal cells in the intermediate layer of the neuroglial tissue. Ultrastructural study of the cyst wall provides a better understanding of the pathogenesis of the Dandy-Walker syndrome.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 63 (1984), S. 96-107 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Hereditary coproporphyria ; Hereditary hepatic porphyrias ; Sural nerve biopsy ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In spite of several cases reported in the literature, the exact pathogenetic mechanism of neuropathic changes in porphyric neuropathy remains uncertain. Various authors have ascribed the neuropathologic findings to either a dying-back axonal degeneration or segmental demyelination. In recent years, the hypothesis of an axonal and myelinic disorder has received support by the demonstration of a combined and simultaneous involvement of both these structures. Such different opinions are also a consequence of the reduced number of detailed bioptic observations in the different forms of acute porphyria not only during acute phases but also between attacks. In this paper we report the results of light- and electronmicroscopic examination of two sural nerve biopsies from subjects with hereditary coproporphyria. The first was performed 6 months after an acute attack, the second specimen was obtained from a patient without acute attacks, who had clinical and electrophysiologic signs of a chronic progressive neuropathy. In both cases a dying-back axonal degeneration is considered the primary change. The pathogenetic mechanism of peripheral nerve lesions in porphyric neuropathy will be discussed finally.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 62 (1984), S. 324-331 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Human skeletal muscle ; Hemiplegia ; Cerebral vascular disease ; Histopathology ; Electron microscopy ; Rehabilitation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Anterior tibial muscle biopsies of the hemiplegic side of 16 patients with a cerebrovascular accident in the middle cerebral artery region were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by enzyme histochemistry and electron microscopy. Patients grouped according to the time lapsed as from the occurrence of the accident (1–17 months) demonstrated a progressive decrease in the fiber diameter and changes in fiber type distribution with predominant type II atrophy and type I predominance. Nuclear internalization, myopathic alterations, and perifascicular fatty infiltrations were observed constantly. In the affected fibers the ultrastructural findings were myofibrillar alterations with the formation of rods and cytoplasmic bodies. There was accumulation of lipofuscin, glycogen, and lipid droplets. Microvascular changes were observed frequently. Biopsies from the asymptomatic legs were either normal or showed age-related muscle alterations. Correlation was noted between the clinical and functional status of the patients and the morphological aspects seen in muscle biopsies.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 63 (1984), S. 255-263 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Carbon disulphide ; Electron microscopy ; Giant axonopathy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Adult Wistar rats were exposed to carbon disulphide (CS2) vapour at a concentration of 2.4 mg/l of air for 5 days a week (6h a day), and the ultrastructure of peripheral nerves, neuromuscular junctions and muscles was investigated after 6 months of exposure to CS2. Numerous giant axons, i.e. paranodal or internodal swellings, were seen in the peripheral nerves. At the swollen paranodes, the myelin sheath was thinned, in other regions large intramyelinic vacuoles indicative of more dramatic demyelination were observed at axonal enlargements. Axonal enlargements consisted essentially of whorls of tightly packed neurofilaments. A number of nerve fibres underwent complete degeneration, but at the same time there was evidence of nerve regeneration. Nerve terminals were affected in a similar way following CS2 exposure. At neuromuscular junctions, filamentous swellings of nerve terminals preceded their degeneration and eventual denudation of synaptic gutters. As a rule, the postsynaptic part of neuromuscular junctions remained unimpaired by CS2 treatment. Muscles were affected by both atrophy and degeneration. Clusters of dense and lamellar bodies and numerous autophagosomes indicative of direct myotoxic effect of CS2 were frequently encountered in the investigated muscles. Some muscle fibres apparently underwent necrosis judging from the occurrence of myotubes characteristic of muscle degeneration and regeneration. The pathomorphology of CS2 neuropathy resembles that of other toxic neuropathies which presumably have a common origin in impaired energy metabolism.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 169 (1984), S. 261-270 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Peroxisomes ; DAB-cytochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Three-dimensional reconstruction ; Preputial gland ; Mouse
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructure of peroxisomes in partially differentiated cells of the mouse preputial gland was investigated using serial thin sections and three-dimensional reconstruction as well as the alkaline diaminobenzidine technique for visualization of the peroxidatic activity of catalase. An analysis of serial sections indicates that the different types of intensely stained peroxisomal profiles, classified according to their shape, represent random planes through highly complex peroxisomes. These organelles exceed 4 μm in length and exhibit a focal heterogeneity with respect to their size, shape and enzyme distribution. The graphical three-dimensional reconstruction demonstrates that the most intricate peroxisomes are characterized by tortuous, elongate, and branched tubular segments of varying diameter equipped with enlarged terminal hollow-spherical structures which engulf areas of cytoplasm. A close spatial relationship is established between adjacent peroxisomes and peroxisomes and mitochondria, the latter two of which synchronously develop into highly complex structures. A close association is also observed between peroxisomes and the endoplasmic reticulum, whereby membrane continuities between the two compartments cannot be demonstrated. These observations are inconsistent with traditional concepts concerning peroxisomal shape and size, the number per cell, as well as their biogenesis from the endoplasmic reticulum. The functional significance of individual highly complex peroxisomes and their assemblage forming an extensive netlike membraneous system throughout the cell is discussed with respect to intracellular energy transport and trans-membrane electron exchange.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 16
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Implantation ; Blastocyst ; Zona pellucida ; Decidual reaction ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Ultrastructural studies were undertaken to investigate the temporal relationship between loss of the zona pellucida around the blastocyst and the appearance of decidual changes in the endometrial stroma during normal implantation in rats. Blastocyst-free and blastocyst-containing sites of pregnant uterine horns were studied and compared with control sites from contralateral salpingectomized horns and horns of pseudopregnant animals from 24.00 h on Day 4 and onwards. There were no membrane contacts between the blastocyst and the uterine epithelium at 10.00 h on Day 5 and earlier because of an intervening zona pellucida. From 14.00 h onwards, however, such contacts were present and at 18.00 h, the zona pellucida had disappeared and the blastocyst had attached onto the uterine epithelium. The stromal cells of pregnant and control horns were indistinguishable from each other at 24.00 h on Day 4, but from 06.00 h on Day 5 onwards specific changes were noted in the stromal cell nucleoli of the pregnant horns. The results therefore suggest that the first morphological sign of decidualization occurs about 12 h before the Pontamine Blue reaction and is initiated by the blastocyst early on Day 5 while it is still encased by the zona pellucida.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 17
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Meconium corpuscles ; Apoptosis ; Foetal intestine ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary During the embryonic development of the intestine, programmed deletion of epithelial cells plays a vital role in the formation of secondary lumina and of villi. Electron microscopy shows that this deletion is effected by apoptosis, a distinctive mode of cellular death recently recognised as being implicated in normal tissue involution in the adult, as well as during intrauterine development. The process involves cellular condensation and budding to form membrane-bounded apoptotic bodies containing well-preserved organelles. These are then either engulfed by neighbouring principal cells or sloughed off into the intestinal lumen. Engulfed apoptotic bodies that show various degrees of lysosomal degradation have previously been reforred to as “meconium corpuscles”.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 64 (1984), S. 108-113 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Image analysis ; Electron microscopy ; Muscle fibers
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Based on a fixed number of EM photomicrographs a semiautomatic image analysis is made of normal gastrocnemius muscle fibers to obtain reference values for comparison with pathologic data. Z disc, mitochondria, tubular system, and sarcoplasmic reticulum are measured. It is stated that no definite fiber type differentiation is possible based on these quantitative data. However, measurements of Z disc and mitochondria are suggestive of such a differentiation. On the other hand, all data reach a Gaussian distribution on a logarithmic scale after a 5% correction factor is introduced.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 64 (1984), S. 122-128 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Hydrocephalus ; Blood-brain barrier ; Tight junctions ; Paracellular pathway ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Considering the possibility of a paracellular route for edema resolution we studied the microvasculature of the subependymal and subcortical white matter in hydrocephalic rats. Normal adult rats were used as controls. After injection of kaolin suspension into the cisterna magna, the animals were killed at intervals of 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks. In hydrocephalic rats at 1 week after kaolin injection, widening of the interendothelical cleft between the tight junction (dehiscence) was seen in 27 of 76 (35%) vessels. At 2 weeks after kaolin injection, the number of the dehiscences had increased (39/7:56%) and some were enlarged, forming interendothelial blisters. At 4 weeks in hydrocephalic rats, both dehiscences and blisters were still prominent (45/73∶63%) and at 8 weeks the dehiscences were still prominent, but the number of the blisters had decreased (25/81∶31%). The blisters and dehiscences were most pronounced in the corpus callosum and occipital regions. Following i.v. injection of horseradish peroxidase, the interendothelial dehiscences and blisters were completely devoid of the marker substance. These findings indicate that in obstructive hydrocephalus the tight junctions may constitute part of a paracellular pathway for the resorption of interstitial edema fluid.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 276 (1984), S. 2-11 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Schlagwort(e): Photochemotherapy ; Freckles ; Electron microscopy ; Melanocytes ; Langerhans cells ; Retinoid therapy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Photochemotherapy (PUVA)-induced freckles were found in 25 patients (41%) who had received more than 1,000 J/cm2 of PUVA. The patients had been treated with PUVA for more than 2 years, with more than 150 exposures before PUVA lentigines appeared on the thighs, the upper arm, the mid-lower arm, the waist, and the buttocks. The histopathology of these freckles was analyzed by light and electron microscopy. Light microscopy showed an increased amount of pigment and melanophages and increased numbers and size of melanocytes. The keratinocytes often displayed atypical features such as enlarged nuclei, giant size, or fibrillar degeneration. Homogenization of the papillary dermis was observed in 11 patients. The activation of melanocytes was confirmed electron microscopically, and pathological features such as large amounts of lipid droplets and lysosome-melanosome complexes within the melanocytes were seen. The Langerhans cells were mostly normal, whereas the keratinocytes showed cytolytic changes, fibrillar degeneration, and vacuolization. A close follow-up of patients with prolonged PUVA treatment is recommended.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 277 (1984), S. 44-54 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Schlagwort(e): Birbeck granule ; Birbeck granule-like structure ; Electron microscopy ; Langerhans cell ; Lymph node
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary To understand contact hypersensitivity, it is important to know the kinetics of Langerhans cells (LC) and related cells in the lymph node (LN), as well as in the skin. For this purpose, we tried experimentally to induce increased numbers of LCs, Birbeck granule-like structure (BgS)-containing cells, and interdigitating reticulum cells (IDC) in DNCB-sensitive mice and studied them by means of electron microscopy with the following results: (1) cytologically, LC, BgS-containing cells and IDC were closely related; (2) BgS seemed to arise from rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum (r-ER), and BgS-containing cells were midway in nature between LC and IDC from the morphological view point. From these findings, it appears that IDC, BgS-containing cells, and LCs were simultaneously involved in the contact hypersensitivity reactions of LNs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 22
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Polyneuropathy ; Hereditary disease ; Chiloren ; Sural nerve biopsy ; Electron microscopy ; Morphometry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Ten autosomal recessive/sporadic cases of hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type I (HMSN I), nine of which originated from the northern part of Sweden, were included in the study. Parents were free from neurologic symptoms. Motor and sensory conduction velocity was normal when recorded, i.e., in 19 and 17 parents, respectively. Sural nerve biopsies from the ten cases revealed a varying degree of onion bulb formation. In eight of the cases the onion bulbs consisted of abundant basement membranes, whereas the Schwann cells were few and sometimes lacking. There were in some cases considerable differences between separate fascicles as to the loss of myelinated nerve fibers. In the six biopsies in which teasing was performed signs of present and previous demyelination were noticed. Numerous internodal segments were abnormally thin with reference to their length. In many such segments there were marked local thickenings of the nerve fiber. In cross sections the probable counterparts to these thickenings were nerve fibers with unduly thick myelin sheaths and complex folding of the myelin. Ultrastructural axonal changes were seen in the majority of the cases. The pathogenetic and diagnostic implications of the present findings are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 65 (1984), S. 128-137 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Quantitative ; Electron microscopy ; Microangiopathy ; Pi granules ; Schwann cells
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A significant reduction in the myelinated nerve fiber population was observed during quantitative electron-microscopic examination of peripheral nerves in chronic alloxan diabetic rats. Dystrophic axonal abnormalities and regenerating fibers were more numerous in diabetics than age-matched controls. Schwann cells showed reactive changes including prominent pi granules of Reich and intracytoplasmic filament accumulation. Enumeration of these alterations, however, revealed no singificant difference from controls. Endoneurial macrophages in diabetic rats were also filled with lamellar intracytoplasmic inclusions characteristic of a chronic neuropathy. Quantitation of pathologic lesions in teased nerve fibers confirmed the preponderance of axonal over demyelinative disease and showed demyelination to be segmental. Microangiopathy was noted throughout the vasa nervorum of diabetic rats, and quantitative electron microscopy showed endothelial proliferation with doubling of the number of endothelial cells and proportional capillary mural thickening. Swollen, reactive endothelial cells appeared to effece the vascular lumen and may impair capillary perfusion. These microcirculatory changes, in the presence of biochemical and rheologic disturbances may contribute to tissue hypoxia and underly the loss of axons in experimental diabetic neuropathy.
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 138 (1984), S. 273-277 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Cyanobacteria ; Secondary metabolite ; Allelopathy ; Photosynthesis ; Electron transport ; Thylakoids ; Herbicides ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Cyanobacterin is a secondary metabolite produced by the cyanobacterium, Scytonema hofmanni. Highly purified cyanobacterin was found to inhibit the growth of many cyanobacteria at a minimum effective dose of 2 μg/ml (4.6 μM). The antibiotic had no effect on eubacteria including the photosynthetic Rhodospirillum rubrum. The site of action of cyanobacterin was further investigated in the unicellular cyanobacterium, Synechococcus sp. Electron micrographs of antibiotic-treated Synechococcus cells indicated that cyanobacterin affects thylakoid membrane structure. The antibiotic also inhibited light-dependent oxygen evolution in Synechococcus cells and in spheroplasts. These data support our conclusion that cyanobacterin specifically inhibits photosynthetic electron transport. This activity is similar to herbicides such as 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl urea (DCMU). The anhydro analog of cyanobacterin had no biological activity.
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 140 (1984), S. 265-270 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): EcoRI ; EcoRI-DNA complexes ; EcoRI* activity ; Recognition sites ; Frequency of binding ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Electron microscopy of negatively stained isolated restriction enzyme EcoRI revealed particle projections with triangular or square outlines, indicating that the enzyme, in its tetrameric state, is tetrahedron-like. The two dimers making up the tetramer appear to be arranged in two planes orthogonal to each other. Complexes formed by EcoRI with the plasmids pBR322 or pGW10 were investigated by electron microscopic spreading techniques. In the presence of Mg2+, EcoRI was bound to the DNA molecules to form pearl necklace-like aggregates. The number of bound EcoRI particles was much higher as the sum of EcoRI-and 5′..AATT..3′ sites (with exceptions, the 5′..AATT..3′ sites may function as one type of EcoRI* sites) along the DNAs, indicating unspecific binding. In the absence of Mg2+, EcoRI was bound to the DNA only at the recognition site for EcoRI and the sites where the tetranucleotide sequence 5′..AATT..3′ was present. A direct correlation of the local concentrations of the bases A and T within the flanking sequences of the binding sites with the frequency of EcoRI to the DNA was observed. Dimers and tetramers of the enzyme was found to bind to the DNA. Tetramers occasionally exhibited two binding sites for DNA as indicated by the observation of DNA loops originating at the sites of bound tetrameric EcoRI particles.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 107 (1984), S. 242-244 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Schlagwort(e): Phospholipase ; Plasma membrane ; Cytochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Human tumors
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Phospholipase activity was localized for the first time by cytochemical staining at the plasma membrane of malginant cells in gastric adenocarcinomas by electron microscopy. This activity was not found in benign cells of the same tumor, e.g., in components of the connective tissue underlying the glandular epithelium, or in cells beyond the margin of the same tumor. Neither benign nor maligant cells of colorectal tumors, nor those in malignant melanoma, had any phospholipase activity that could be demonstrated by the method.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 107 (1984), S. 229-232 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Schlagwort(e): Prolymphocytic leukemia ; Cytoplasmic inclusions ; X-ray microanalysis ; Chronic lymphocytic leukemia ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A patient with prolymphocytic leukemia is described. The peripheral blood and bone-marrow cells contained nuclear pockets, bridges, and appendices, as well as cytoplasmic inclusions that were not membrane bound or connected with the endoplasmic reticulum. X-ray microanalysis of the cells showed them to contain large amounts of phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, and calcium, as well as a smaller amount of sodium and magnesium in comparison with control lymphocytes. When compared with lymphocytes of a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the patient's cells showed higher amounts of magnesium, sulfur, and chlorine, while the sodium content was decreased. The usefulness of electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis in the diagnosis of this type of leukemia is discussed.
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 403 (1984), S. 27-40 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Spleen ; Ellipsoids ; Morphometry ; Electron microscopy ; Lymphocyte traffic
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A study of ellipsoids (EL) in the human spleen was done on 25 surgically resected specimens in order to assess the number of EL, their structure, the nature of the cuff cells and the problem of lymphocyte traffic through their wall. The results show that an average spleen of 200 g contains 1.6 × 107 EL. They are localized in a constant segment of the vascular tree, just at the transition of the penicillary arterioles into capillaries and they consist of a capillary (not an arteriole) surrounded by a cuff of cells. These cells are neither endothelial nor smooth muscle cells, display lysosomal activity and are considered as fixed specialized pericapillary cells capable of cytoplasmic expansion. Since their number is inconstant in different individuals and in different species they are considered to be dynamic histological structures. Because of the constant presence of lymphocytes in their walls we consider the EL to be a transit system for lymphocytes and the splenic equivalent of the high endothelial venules in the lymph nodes.
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  • 29
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Gastric carcinoma ; Scirrhous carcinoma ; Collagen ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Collagen types I and III were examined immunohistochemically in 32 cases of gastric carcinoma classified as poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with scirrhous stroma, well differentiated adenocarcinoma with intermediate stroma, or poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with medullary stroma. In the stroma of scirrhous carcinoma, types I and III collagens were distributed abundantly in fibrillar or granular patterns with little difference in the intensity of staining. In well differentiated adenocarcinoma, type I collagen was diffusely distributed in the stroma with type III collagen distributed sparsely. In poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with medullary stroma, the two types of collagen were only found around capillaries, constituting the tumor interstitium. Electron microscopic examination of scirrhous carcinoma showed tumor cells partially covered with fibroblasts, and discontinuous basal lamina, collagen fibers and microfibrils present between tumor cells and fibroblasts. In well differentiated carcinoma, tumor cells were surrounded by fibroblasts, and well developed basal lamina was observed beneath the tumor cells. In poorly differentiated carcinoma with medullary stroma, the stroma consisted of capillaries and very few fibroblasts with discontinuous basal lamina occasionally being present between tumor cells and fibroblasts.
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 237 (1984), S. 219-226 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Spermatogonia ; Spermatocytes ; Carbohydrates ; Guppy ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The structure of guppy (Poecilia reticulata) spermatogonia and spermatocytes has been studied using electron microscopy. The spermatogonia, situated at the apex of the seminiferous tubule, are almost all surrounded by a network of Sertoli cells; they have very diffuse chromatin and one or two large nucleoli. The cytoplasm contains relatively few organelles, although annulate lamellae are found. The mitochondria have few cristae and are concentrated at one pole of the cell; they are sometimes found with intermitochondrial cement. These spermatogonia are separated from each other, having no intercellular bridges or inclusion in Sertoli cells, and are relatively undifferentiated; they correspond to stem cells. The spermatogonia beneath the apex are organized into cysts. First-generation spermatogonia are more dense and heterogeneous, their nuclei becoming smaller and their chromatin becoming denser during successive generations. In spermatocytes, the synaptinemal complex exists as a modified form until metaphase. The concentration of organelles in the cytoplasm increases and the organelles become more diversified as spermatogenesis progresses. Many cytoplasmic bridges are observed (several per cell), indicating that the cells remain in contact after several divisions. These changes in germ cell structure have been related to some of the characteristic features of spermatogenesis in guppy, e.g. the large number of spermatogonial generations and the complexity of spermiogenesis.
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 238 (1984), S. 413-416 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Peroxisomes ; DAB-cytochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Liver, amphibian ; Gymnophiona ; Ichthyophis glutinosus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructure of hepatic peroxisomes was investigated in Ichthyophis glutinosus (Amphibia: Gymnophiona), employing perfusion fixation and the diaminobenzidine (DAB) technique for the visualization of catalase. The majority of peroxisomes is circular or rod-shaped, although elongated particles occasionally occur. They contain a finely granular matrix, lightly stained after the DAB procedure. Their mean diameter is approximately 0.25 μm. Serial sections reveal that the circular and rod-shaped peroxisomal profiles are cross and oblique sections of highly tortuous, tubular organelles exceeding 2 μm in length. In addition to tubular profiles, elongated, rectangular particles, as well as straight dumbbell-shaped organelles with distinct marginal plates are observed. They range from 900 to 1650 nm in length (mean = 1200 nm). In the flattened, thin central portion of the dumbbell-shaped particle, the peroxisomal membranes form a cisterna enclosing one or two uniformly thick marginal plates, which display a definite substructure with a periodicity of 10 nm. These findings indicate that peroxisomes in the liver of Ichthyophis exhibit a complex organization. It is suggested that the organelles undergo a specific differentiation process, morphologically characterized by the formation of enlarged segments of unusual shape.
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  • 32
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Ovulation (rabbit) ; Graafian follicle ; Perfusion ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Isolated ovaries from untreated, sexually mature rabbits were introduced into an in vitro perfusion system and perfused with a chemically defined medium containing albumin. The ovaries were perfused for up to 15 h (mean 11.5 h) and then processed for morphological investigation. Both at the light- and electron-microscopical levels, most of the ovaries exhibited a normal structure comparable with ovaries in situ. In two cases, however, marked accumulations of bacteria were found, although not inside the follicles. Since ovulation in the rabbit normally occurs between 9.5–13 h after mating or human chorionic gonadotrophin treatment, this model seems adequate for studies of ovulation in vitro. It is, however, important to study the ovaries microscopically after the perfusion to detect artifacts, e.g., bacterial infection, that may have influence on the process of ovulation.
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  • 33
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Tannic acid ; Acetylcholine receptors ; Tissue culture ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Spinal cord neurons from 9-day chick embryos were maintained in culture for up to 35 days and then fixed in 4% cacodylate-buffered glutaraldehyde containing 2% tannic acid. After about 15 days in culture a small percentage of the synaptic specializations present were characterized by striking electron-dense striations averaging 15 nm in width, oriented perpendicular to the postsynaptic membrane. These structures increased in frequency with time in culture (to a maximum of about 10% of all synapses in the oldest cultures); they were asymmetrical, protruding approximately 8 nm into the synaptic cleft, and more deeply (approximately 15–18 nm), into the postsynaptic cytoplasm. On the basis of earlier work by Sealock (1980) they are interpreted as concentrations of acetylcholine receptors. Similar membrane differentiations were also seen associated with active-zone areas of a few presynaptic membranes, and the possibility that these represent presynaptic acetylcholine receptors is discussed. Additional observations reported are (1) the presence of striations resembling those seen at the postsynaptic membrane in the membranes of some postsynaptic vesicles, and (2) filamentous links between the striations and cytoskeletal elements of the postsynaptic cell.
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 235 (1984), S. 479-484 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Monoamine-containing cells ; Taste bud ; Paracrine cells ; Mechanoreceptors ; Electron microscopy ; Teleosts
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The taste buds on the barbels in three species of teleosts (Cyprinus carpio, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, Parasilurus asotus) were studied by means of fluorescence and electron microscopy. Intensely yellow-fluorescent cells, which are disk-shaped and located exclusively in a basal position, are observed in the barbel-buds of all fishes examined. The basal cells contain a large number of small clear vesicles approximately 40–60 nm in diameter, which show a tendency to aggregate in the cytoplasm facing the junction of the nerve terminals; chemically transmitting synapses are seen in the latter region. It is suggested from the present observations that the basal cells in the barbel-bud may originate from Schwann cells and have a dual function both as mechanoreceptors and paracrine elements. Since the administration of 5,6-DHT results in an appearance of small dense vesicles among the small clear vesicles, the possibility exists that the basal cell may be capable of taking up monoamines and storing them in the small clear vesicles.
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  • 35
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Exocrine pancreas ; Calcium pool ; Calcium release ; Electron microscopy ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In an attempt to identify a cellular Ca2+-pool, from which calcium is released when secretagogues are applied, tissue fragments of the rat exocrine pancreas were incubated and fixed with glutaraldehyde in the presence of calcium. By means of this procedure electron-dense deposits were found on plasma membranes. X-ray microanalysis showed that these deposits contain calcium. Stimulation of tissue fragments with the use of the secretagogues carbachol or cholecystokinin reduced the number of deposits by about 80%. When the antagonist atropine was applied after carbachol stimulation, deposits reappeared on cell membranes, which then disappeared again after a second stimulation with cholecystokinin. In the presence of procaine, carbachol was inhibited and only slightly reduced the Ca2+-deposits on the plasma membranes. These results suggest that a calcium pool, from which calcium is released to induce enzyme secretion on stimulation, is located in the cell membrane
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  • 36
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Chloride cells ; Acid stress ; Gill ; Electron microscopy ; Fathead minnow
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas, were exposed for 129 days to Lake Superior water acidified with sulfuric acid by means of a flow-through toxicant injection system. The effects of chronic acid stress (pH 6.5, 6.0, 5.5, 5.0) on gill histology were examined. Most of the histological effects were seen at pH 5.5 and 5.0 and were confined primarily to changes in numbers, distribution, and morphology of chloride cells. At low pH levels there tend to be more chloride cells in the gill epithelium and an increased percentage of these cells in the secondary lamellae. In contrast to normal chloride cells, chloride cells from fish exposed to low pH frequently had apical pits while some had bulbous apical evaginations. The occurrence of structural changes in chloride cells during exposure to acid water suggests that chloride cells may be involved in acclimation to acid stress.
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  • 37
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Lactating cell ; Lipid droplets ; Secretory vesicles ; Mitochondria ; Intracellular associations ; Electron microscopy ; Milk secretion
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The size, cellular location, and identity of surface-associated components were determined for lipid droplets in lactating cells. Transmission electron-microscopic measurements were made involving 3801 droplets in approximately 211 cells from three rats and 1197 droplets in 66 cells from a mouse. For the purposes of droplet evaluation, cells were divided into seven locations ranging from basal to secreting positions. Droplets were also categorized with respect to contact with other droplets, basolateral plasma membrane, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, secretory vesicles, and endoplasmic reticulum-cytoplasm (ERC). Data on droplet size showed that droplet growth occurs mainly in the secretory position, confirming previously published findings. Lipid droplets from mouse tissue, although somewhat smaller in size showed similar growth trends to those of the rat. Data on numbers of droplet contacts and percentages of droplet circumferences involved in associations with other cell components showed that the dominant interaction of lipid droplets was with the ERC. However, intimate association of droplets with mitochondria was noted in all cellular locations. In addition, nursed animals exhibited a greater proportion of droplet surface association with secretory vesicles and less in contact with mitochondria in comparison to those not nursed. The significance of these relationships to milk synthesis and secretion is discussed.
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 236 (1984), S. 249-255 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Oocyte ; Nucleolus ; Silver staining ; Electron microscopy ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The nucleoli of dictyate-stage growing oocytes in rat ovaries were examined both with routine electron microscopy and electron microscopy after silver nitrate and ammoniacal silver nitrate (Ag-AS) staining. The nucleoli of the unilaminar follicular oocytes consist of twisted strands of dense fibrillar components, aggregates of granular components, and small fibrillar centers. After Ag-AS staining, silver grains are numerous on the dense fibrillar strands, fewer on the fibrillar centers, and very sporadic on the granular aggregates. The same stainability of three nucleolar components with the Ag-AS method was also confirmed in the nucleoli segregated by actinomycin D. During the transition of growing oocytes from bilaminar to plurilaminar follicle stage, the nucleolar dense fibrillar strands gradually conglomerate and are transformed into large and compact spherules. The stainability of dense fibrillar components with the Ag-AS method was lost along with this nucleolar transformation. These results may provide some new clues on the functional significance of AgAS-positive proteins in the nucleoli.
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 235 (1984), S. 51-58 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Parathyroid glands ; Electron microscopy ; Light microscopy ; Quantitative histology ; Mongolian gerbil
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Stereology and semi-automatic image analysis were used with the aim of comparing the structure of parathyroid glands from untreated adult Mongolian gerbils fixed by immersion with those fixed by perfusion. Subclassification of the chief cells based upon the staining affinity or electron density of the cytoplasm was readily performed only in glands fixed by immersion, and so-called atrophic cells were observed only in these glands. The atrophic cells were often surrounded by “light” chief cells. In glands fixed by perfusion, “light” chief cells were only rarely encountered. A significant difference between glands fixed by immersion and those fixed by perfusion was found only with regard to the form of cells and nuclei, those fixed by perfusion being more spherical. When comparing individual cells within glands fixed by immersion, “light” chief cells were more spherical and had a significantly larger nuclear and cellular size, and a lower mitochondrial volume density than the “intermediate”/“dark” chief cells. Otherwise there were no significant differences in any of the parameters investigated. These data indicate that occurrence of socalled “light” chief cells and atrophic cells is a result of improper fixation. The results of this study do not favour the concept of a functional cycle with a simultaneous occurrence of active and inactive cells within parathyroid glands.
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 235 (1984), S. 153-158 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Bovine ; Interdigitating cell ; Lymphoid tissues ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Electron-microscopic studies of lymphoid tissues from bovine fetuses and from calves disclosed a non-lymphoid cell type in the thymus-dependent zones of secondary lymphoid tissues and in the thymus that is distinguishable from reticulum cells, epithelial and endothelial cells, and macrophages. Based on morphological and topographical criteria, the cell is identified as the interdigitating cell. In addition, studies of the tissues of normal and virus-challenged fetuses, and of conventionally reared calves, indicated that the interdigitating cells originate from monocytoid cells, which undergo differentiation in the thymus-dependent zones during an immune response.
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 235 (1984), S. 243-249 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Gap junction ; Electron microscopy ; Freeze fracture ; Cell-to-cell communication
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Gap junctions exist in the septa between the segments of the lateral giant axons in the ventral nerve cord of the crayfish Procambarus. A large increase in the resistance (uncoupling) of these gap junctions was brought about by mechanical injury to the axonal segments. Both thin sections and freeze-fracture preparations were used to monitor the morphological changes which occurred up to 45 min after injury. There was no apparent change in the organization (a loose polygonal array) of the intramembrane particles which make up the junctional complex up to 45 min after injury. In some instances, however, the intramembrane particles appeared to have moved away from the junctional area. Other junctional regions were internalized and appeared similar to what have been called annular gap junctions. Also at this time (20–25 min after injury), a dense cytoplasmic plug formed in uninjured axon near the junctional region. It is concluded that the gap junctions that exhibit a loose polygonal organization of the intramembrane particles may be either in a state of low resistance (coupled) or a state of high resistance (uncoupled).
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  • 42
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Ovulation ; Perfusion ; Graafian follicle (rabbit) ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Ovulation was induced in rabbits by intravenous administration of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG), and 4–5 h later the ovaries were isolated and introduced into an in-vitro perfusion system containing synthetic medium with albumin. Rupture of follicles occurred in vitro within the physiological time range (mean 11.3 h after injection of HCG), although with a reduced frequency. Preovulatory and ruptured follicles were studied in detail by light and electron microscopy. In the granulosa layer of ruptured or preovulatory follicles cytoplasmic blebbing activity, disappearance of CallExner bodies and differentiation toward luteinized cells were found. Perhaps the most important sign of normal preovulatory development in vitro was that the basement membrane surrounding the granulosa layer was penetrated by projections of granulosa cells. In the absence of this penetration phenomenon the granulosa layer prolapsed out of the follicle. Immediately before rupture, follicles showed marked degeneration, restricted to the outer layers of the apical wall, which is compatible with the hypothesis that degradative enzymes are released close to the surface of preovulatory follicles. Although the majority of follicles that ovulated under in-vitro conditions showed the same kind of morphological alterations as can be seen in vivo, occasional atypical ruptures occurred without any overt signs during perfusion. Also technical manipulations of the perfusion system, e.g., nonphysiological increase of perfusion pressure, could force follicles to rupture. This illustrates the importance of careful morphological study of all ovaries perfused in vitro before conclusions are drawn.
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 237 (1984), S. 149-154 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Pituitary gland, pars distalis ; Innervation ; Synaptoid contacts ; Electron microscopy ; Rana temporaria L
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In the pars distalis of the hypophysis of adult Rana temporaria, three types of nerve-fiber profiles were found at two distinct sites, in both lateral parts of the bordering regions of the anterior lobe with the intermediate lobe of the hypophysis. The first type of nerve-fiber profile consists of bundles of very fine axonal elements (diameter: 〈0.7 μm). The second type is formed by larger nerve fibers (diameter up to 4 μm) containing a few neurosecretory granules of approximately 100 nm. The third type of nervefiber profile resembles the second type but these nerve fibers make synaptoid contacts on at least two different types of glandular cells. The possible functional significance of these nerve fibers in the pars distalis is discussed. No nerve fibers were found (1) in the central part of the bordering region of the pars distalis with the intermediate lobe, (2) at the bordering region with the median eminence and (3) with the neurohypophysial stalk, and (4) in all other parts of the pars distalis.
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 238 (1984), S. 165-175 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Mesonephros ; Pig embryo ; Glomerulus ; Microvasculature ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Vascularization of the pig mesonephros was investigated in embryos 5–8 cm in length. Vascular injections with microfil were cleared and dissected; corrosion casts were studied under the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Perfusion-fixed tissue was used for SEM and transmission electron microscope (TEM) studies, including freeze-fracture specimens. The branches of one mesonephric artery carry up to 15 glomeruli. Several glomeruli occupy the same arterial branch, with very short afferent arterioles proper. The efferent vessels, frequently 2–5, leave the extensive vascular pole opposite the entering arteriole and split into peritubular capillaries radiating towards the superficial veins. These capillaries form vascular regions in the shape of flattened pyramids. Along its course, one nephron is supplied by vessels derived from 4–7 glomeruli. The nephrons have less vascular contact than in the definitive kidney. The ultrastructure of the single mesonephric vessels matches the metanephric counterparts. Epithelioid cells with renin granules are common in afferent arterioles, larger arteries, and efferent vessels. The lobulated glomeruli are up to 750 μm long and flattened, showing the usual features of podocytes, mesangial cells, and an attenuated endothelium with fenestrations between 50 and 250 μm. It partially retains its own basement membrane. There is no proximal mesangium.
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 238 (1984), S. 387-394 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Pacinian corpuscles, cat ; Denervation ; Atrophy ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructure of Pacinian corpuscles of the cat located in the crural region and innervated by the interosseous nerve was studied 1 to 14 months after denervation. Both the Pacinian inner core and capsule remained well preserved one month after denervation. However, the denervated inner cores underwent progressive atrophy and wasting, which resulted in a gradual reduction of the amount of inner-core cells and lamellae, widening of interlamellar clefts, formation of empty spaces in the axial region and a considerable increase in the number of collagen fibrils. In spite of the wasting, the inner core still survived 14 months after denervation, but at least half of its volume became occupied by collagen fibrils which surrounded the remaining inner-core cells and lamellae. Collagen fibrils assembled in the denervated core were markedly thinner than those found in the capsule, as is also the case in normal Pacinian corpuscles. In the capsule, discrete focal degeneration, occasional pyknosis of the innermost capsular cells and macrophage infiltration were observed from the first month after nerve section onward, but the number of capsular layers remained within the normal range (30–40) up to 14 months after denervation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Protoplasma 119 (1984), S. 48-54 
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Schlagwort(e): Electron microscopy ; Marine alga ; Membrane contrast ; Osmium-azole complexes ; X-ray microanalysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Addition of certain heterocyclic nitrogen-carbon compounds to standard osmium tetroxide solutions used as secondary fixative resulted in an enhanced general membrane contrast in cells of the marine algaEmiliania huxleyi (Lohmann) Kamptner. Ultrastructural cell morphology and the contrast distribution were compared between cells treated according to a standard secondary fixation procedure and cells post-fixed when above mentioned heterocyclic compounds were introduced; in both cases some of the ultrathin sections were post-stained. Different compounds were tested: 1,2,4-triazole (TRA), 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (A-TRA), 5-amino-tetrazole (A-TEA) and 2,4,6-tri-amino-1,3,5-triazine (melamine). The results were interpreted to indicate the possible bonding types arising from interaction of the heterocyclic compounds with osmium tetroxide and with membrane constituents. Interpretations were partly inspired by considerations from coordination chemistry. All above tests which did not include post-staining of thin sections could be performed at alkaline pH, and consequently calcified structures were preserved. The enhanced osmium accumulation at membranes was verified with X-ray microanalysis, which also showed that in the cases where membranes were visibly contrasted, localization of probable sites of intracellular non-crystalline calcium was facilitated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant and soil 76 (1984), S. 127-137 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Adenylate pool ; Biomass volume ; CO2 evolution ; Chitin ; DNA ; Electron microscopy ; Enzymes ; Fluorescent antibody ; Fumigation-respiration ; Fungi Histochemistry ; Imunofluorecence ; Jones-Mollison technique ; Microcosms ; Monoclonal antibodies ; Nitrogen ; Nutrients ; Oxygen consumption ; Phosphorus ; Phytotoxins ; Plate counts ; Rhizobium ; Rhizosphere ; Sulphur ; Xenobiotics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary There is an immense literature on biological and biochemical analyses of soils. Such analyses have revealed the enormous richness of species in soil and their vast range of metabolic potentials and ecological diversity. Accordingly, the approaches used to investigate the soil biota and its biochemistry usually have to be modified or adapted depending upon the purpose of the investigation. Studies of micro-organisms in the soil environment, are complicated because microbial cells are commonly attached to surfaces where they live side-by-side with other populations in consortia usually containing different morphological and physiological types. Such assemblages of organisms cannot be described quantitatively using cultural techniques, such as plate counts, which underestimate both cell numbers and viable biomass. The development of more powerful observational and staining techniques has improved our knowledge of the diverse morphological and biochemical composition of soil micro-communities. Such findings have been amplified at a grosser level by laboratory studies with multi-component systems (microcosms) to mimic field situations and to assess the range of biochemical potentials of microbial consortia. But despite notable advances in analytical methods we are still, with a few exceptions, unable to detect or identify those microorganisms which carry out specific biochemical transformations or determine whether particular cells are alive, dormant or dead at the time of observation. Considerable work has been done to define some of the fundamental ecological attributes of microbial assemblages in soil. Productive work on the metabolic activities of the soil microbiota, specially geochemical transformations of C, N, S and P, has been under way for more than a century. But only in more recent years have more sensitive and reproducible analytical methods become available to measure viable biomass in soil. This will enable some insight to be gained into the role that microbial biomass plays as a labile source and sink for plant nutrients.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant and soil 76 (1984), S. 319-337 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Aggregates ; Aluminium ; Bacterial mucilage ; Binding agents ; Calcium ; Cation bridges ; Complexing agents ; Dispersion ; Electron microscopy ; Electrophoretic mobility ; Fungal hyphae ; Glues Iron ; Management Periodate ; Polysaccharides ; Rhizosphere ; Roots ; Slaking
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The stability of pores and particles is essential for optimum growth of plants. Two categories of aggregates macro- (〉 250 μm) and micro- (〈250 μm) depend on organic matter for stability against disruptive forces caused by rapid wetting. Dispersion of clay particles from microaggregates is promoted by adsorption of complexing organic acids which increase the negative charge on clays. The acids are produced by plants, bacteria and fungi. However, the dispersibility of clay in microaggregates is offset by the binding action of polysaccharides, mainly mucilages produced by bacteria, but also by plant roots and fungal hyphae. The stability of microaggregates is also enhanced by multivalent cations which act as bridges between organic colloids and clays. Macroaggregates are enmeshed by plant roots, both living and decomposing, and are thus sensitive to management, and increase in number when grasses are grown and the soil is not disturbed. Lack of root growth,i.e. fallow, has the opposite effect. Various implications for management of soil structure are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 240 (1984), S. 55-61 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Schlagwort(e): Inner ear ; Adenylcyclase ; Ouabain-insensitive endothelial ATPase ; Cytochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The cytochemical localization of adenylcyclase in the lateral cochlear wall was studied using a modification of the Reik-Howell method. All the cell membranes of the stria vascularis and spiral prominence cells, except the vascular endothelium, showed a low enzyme activity. In the marginal cell and spiral prominence epithelium facing the endolymph, this activity was limited to the perilymphatic membrane sections. The results are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 107-130 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Schlagwort(e): Phase contrast ; Computer simulation ; Partial coherence ; Electron microscopy ; Convergent beam ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
    Notizen: A general method for computing high-resolution conventional transmission electron microscope images and diffraction patterns, when there are different types of partially coherent illumination conditions, is described. Examples of convergent beam, hollow cone, and virtual aperture illumination conditions are given in the context of interpreting image features. A comparison of real and computed diffraction patterns shows that, in practice, many innovative imaging modes are possible, which can be verified prior to real microscope experiments.
    Zusätzliches Material: 17 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 299-309 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Schlagwort(e): Electron microscopy ; Ion microscopy ; Correlative microscopy ; Electron probe microanalysis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
    Notizen: In order to correctly interpret the chemical images obtained using ion microscopy (IM), it is useful to correlate them with the information provided by conventional light microscopy (LM), secondary electron imaging (SEI), backscattered electron imaging (BEI), and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). Accordingly, we have devised a technique of specimen preparation which allows for the application of several different microanalytical techniques to a single histologic section mounted on the same substrate. Sections are cut onto polyester plastic coverslips (devoid of peaks for any element with atomic number 〉 9 using EPMA) and studied by LM. After a light rotary coating with carbon (to prevent charging), the section can then be examined by SEI, BEI, and EPMA. Specific areas can be marked for IM study either with an objective-mounted pin tissue microlocater, or by placing small pieces of metal foil, cut in specific geometric shapes, over features of interest. After sputter-coating the sample with platinum, metal-free shadows are visible using a low-power reflected light microscope available on a typical IM sample chamber as a guide for ion beam placement. The conductive coatings also minimize specimen charging during IM. Post-IM light microscopy, SEI, and BEI are used to confirm the location of specific areas probed in the IM experiments and to provide information on differential ion-sputtering artifacts and tissue contaminants. This new correlative technique should permit better understanding of the images obtained with these diverse instruments.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 405-414 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Schlagwort(e): Ceramics ; Electron microscopy ; Ion milling ; Specimen preparation ; Sputtering ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
    Notizen: Ion bombardment to perforation is a common technique in the materials sciences by which thin specimens can be prepared for transmission electron microscopy. The process is not without complication and involves radiation damage to the specimen and tends not to preserve the initial specimen topology. Some of the more important facets of the ion-milling process, pertinent to such specimen preparations, are described.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 199-201 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Schlagwort(e): Critical point drying ; Electron microscopy ; Ultrastructure ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
    Notizen: The principles and methods for constructing an improved chamber for dehydration and critical point drying of multiple biological samples are described. The specimen chamber design is based on vertical positioning of the electron microscope grids or coverslips and permits minimal perturbation of laminar solvent flow past the specimens. This condition is requisite for optimal exposure of samples to solvents, which is necessary for complete dehydration and drying. Fragile samples, including chromosomes, critical point dried in the multisample chamber demonstrate crisp, well-preserved, three-dimensional morphology.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 399-404 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Schlagwort(e): Particle size ; Electron microscopy ; Microcomputer programs ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
    Notizen: A formula is derived to enable the calculation of the true height of an object, such as a shadowed latex bead, from electron micrographs. Knowing only the angle of shadowing and the length of the evaporated shadow, and by substituting these values in the derived formula, a microcomputer may be programmed to carry out the necessary computations. An example of such a microcomputer program is given. The correct determination of the height of particles by electron microscopy using the shadowing technique is one of the most accurate methods available for the determination of small particle height.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 223 (1977), S. 195-204 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Schlagwort(e): Electron microscopy ; Human endometrium ; Nucleus ; Nucleolus ; Channel system ; Elektronenmikroskopie ; Menschliches Endometrium ; Nukleus ; Nukleolus ; Channel-System
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Das Nuclear-Channel-System ist eine runde bis ellipsoide Struktur, deren Tubuli querangeschnitten oder längsangeschnitten in eine elektronendichte Matrix eingebettet sind. Das NCS liegt meist der Kernmembran dicht an, die in diesem Bereich Einziehungen aufweist. Gelegentlich ist ein Kontakt der Kernmembran mit der Membran eines Tubulus zu beobachten. Im NCS sind Partikel festzustellen, die den 150 Å großen Partikeln des Nucleolus vergleichbar sind, was auf einen Gehalt des NCS an RNA schließen läßt. In hier vorliegenden Untersuchungen konnte das NCS in Zellkernen endometrialer Drüsenzellen während der mittleren und späten Proliferationsphase beobachtet werden. Diese Befunde sprechen gegen eine zwingende Abhängigkeit des Auftretens des NCS vom Zeitpunkt der Ovulation. Das NCS kann somit nicht als eine für postovulatorisches Endometrium typische Struktur angesehen werden. Offensichtlich bestehen zwischen den hormonellen Faktoren und der Ausbildung des NCS Beziehungen, deren Bedeutung bis heute nicht sicher beurteilt werden kann.
    Notizen: Summary The Nuclear Channel System (NCS) is a distinct endometrial pattern as observed by transmission electron microscopy. The NCS was identified in the present study in cell nuclei of endometrial glands during mid and late proliferation. These observations do not support the concept that the NCS develops at the ovulation, and is therefore not a typical post ovulatory structure. It is suggested that there are relations between hormonal factors and the development of the NCS which are as yet no clarified.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 223 (1977), S. 205-211 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Schlagwort(e): Electron microscopy ; Stereology ; Human liver ; Oral contraceptives ; Elektronenmikroskopie ; Stereologie ; Menschliche Leber ; Orale Kontrazeptiva
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Es wurden Leberbiopsien von 12 Frauen feinstrukturell-morphometrisch untersucht, die über einen Zeitraum von 2 Monaten bis zu 8 Jahren ein Kombinationspräparat zur hormonellen Antikonzeption eingenommen hatten. Die stereologischen Daten wurden bereits vorher erstellten Basiswerten für normale Lebern (Roessner et al., 1977) gegenübergestellt und auf signifikante Unterschiede hin überprüft (p〈0,001). Eine deutliche Volumenzunahme lysosomaler Zelleinschlüsse pro ml Hepatocyten und eine leichte Cytoplasmavergrößerung bei gleichzeitiger Verkleine-rung der Nuclei kennzeichnen die Veränderungen der Hepatocyten. Alle übrigen ermittelten Parameter lassen den Schluß zu, daß wesentliche Alterationen der Ultrastruktur der menschlichen Leber nach hormoneller Kontrazeption nicht auftreten. Ob damit auch funktionelle Alterationen auszuschließen sind, kann hier nicht beantwortet werden.
    Notizen: Summary Liver biopsies from 12 healthy women were investigated morphometrically — according to the methods of Weibel (1969). All women had taken an oral contraceptive agent during 2 til 76 months. The evaluated stereological datas were compared with base-line datas for normal human liver biopsies, which were elaborated in a previous investigation (Roessner et al., 1977). Statistical analysis was performed on an IBM 360/50 computer system, including F- and student's t-test. In the liver biopsy-specimen from the women, which were on oral contraceptives, the volume-density of lysosomes per ml hepatocytes shows a pronounced, significant (p〈0.001) increase. A moderate increase of cytoplasm is combined with decrease of nuclei-volume. The surface-densities of the rough and smooth endoplasmatic reticulum do not differ significantly from the datas calculated from normal human liver biopsies. All other datas too demonstrate that there are no striking changes in the ultrastructure of human liver, caused by oral contraceptives. Functional alterations however can not be excluded.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 259 (1977), S. 225-234 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Schlagwort(e): Granuloma annulare ; Necrobiosis of collagen ; Palisading granuloma ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Neun Fälle von Granuloma annulare in verschiedenen Entwicklungsstadien wurden elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht, insbesondere Kollagenveränderungen, das entzündliche Infiltrat und Gefäßalterationen. Die nekrobiotischen Veränderungen des Kollagens bestehen in Auflockerung der Bündel vom Rande her, Schwellung der Fibrillen mit Verlust ihrer Querstreifung, völliger Desintegration des Kollagens und Niederschlägen von mucinösen Substanzen, Fibrin und Glykogen. In 2 Fällen waren sogenannte “filamentöse quergestreifte Aggregationen” (= sog. “long-spacing collagen”) nachweisbar. In späteren Stadien zeigte sich Kollagenneubildung. Im Infiltrat sind vor allem Histiocyten/Makrophagen mit Übergängen zu Epitheloidzellen und Riesenzellen, daneben auch Lymphocyten und später Neutrophile identifizierbar. Gefäßveränderungen bestehen in Endothelschwellung und Basalmembranverdoppelungen. Es besteht ein perivasculäres Infiltrat, jedoch keine echte Vaskulitis. Die Ergebnisse sprechen dafür, daß die Nekrobiose des Kollagens ohne primäre Vaskulitis ein initiales Ereignis bei Granuloma annulare darstellt. Pathogenetisch wird ein Immungeschehen vom verzögerten Typ diskutiert.
    Notizen: Summary Nine cases of granuloma annulare at different stages of development were investigated electron microscopically. Special attention was given to collagen changes, to the cellular infiltrate, and to vascular changes. The necrobiotic changes of the collagen were: loosening of the fibers at the borders of the bundles; swelling and loss of cross-striation of the fibrils; and complete degradation of the collagen, with precipitation of mucinous and fibrin material and of glycogen. In 2 cases “cross-banded filamentous aggregations” were present. In later stages new collagen synthesis occurred. In the infiltrate, histiocytes/macrophages were seen developing into epithelioid and giant cells. In addition, numerous active lymphocytes and, at later stages, some neutrophils were found. Vascular changes consisted of endothelial swelling and duplications of the basal lamina. A perivascular infiltrate was present, but no distinct vasculitis was seen. Our results indicate that the necrobiosis of the collagen without primary vasculitis may be an initial event in granuloma annulare. A delayed hypersensitivity mechanism is discussed with regard to pathogenesis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 373 (1977), S. 191-211 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Myeloproliferative disorder ; Thrombocytes ; Megakaryocytic-granulocytic myelosis ; Bone marrow biopsy ; Megakaryocyte lineage ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The fine structure of the bone marrow in chronic megakaryocytic-granulocytic myelosis (CMGM) was studied in 5 nontreated patients to investigate possible malignant proliferation of megakaryocytes and the role of megakaryopoiesis in fibrillogenesis, terminating in osteomyelofibrosis. In comparison with normal megakaryopoiesis there is an enormous increase of the megakaryocytic cell line and many immature and atypical forms are seen. Most conspicuous are microforms, nuclear-cytoplasmic disorganization and nuclear inclusions. Asynchrony of maturation causes abnormal thrombocytogenesis with premature detachment of platelets resulting in immature and peculiar giant forms of thrombocytes. Besides megakaryocytes appearing superficially normal the maturation anarchy of many cells is so severe that by analogy with observations in other leukaemic cells these abnormalities are thought to be representative of a malignant growth. Moreover, there is a striking accumulation of microfibrils and single collagen fibres around megakaryoblasts. Since these cells contain all those organelles commonly associated with fibre production the initial step for fibrillogenesis may therefore arise from the megakaryoblasts prior to platelet release, or any fibroblast proliferation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 374 (1977), S. 271-273 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Ulcerative colitis ; Immunoperoxidase ; Complement demonstration ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Inflammatory cell infiltrates in ulcerative colitis have been investigated by means of the immunoperoxidase method and by electronmicroscopy. Considerable morphological and functional changes of the local plasma cell population have been found. The absolute number of plasma cells is raised with a marked increase of IgG-cells and a relative decrease of IgA-cells. In particular complement (C3) has been demonstrated at the basement membrane of the surface epithelium and between epithelial cells. The significance of these findings, as a local humoral immune response, is briefly considered, with regard to their possible pathogenetic importance in aggravating and perpetuating the disease.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 375 (1977), S. 1-12 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Adenoid cystic carcinoma ; Cylindroma ; Salivary glands ; Mucosubstances ; Cytochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The distribution of mucosubstances in adenoid cystic carcinoma was investigated, and an attempt was made to characterize histochemically the various mucosubstances present. For these purposes the high iron diamine technique (HID), as well as the Astra blue, aldehyde fuchsin and Alcian blue staining methods were employed. Alcian blue was further combined with the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) technique, the Alcian blue being applied at pH levels between 0.5 and 2.5. In addition the effects of neuraminidase and hyaluronidase treatment as well as methylation and acid hydrolysis procedures on the staining qualities were studied. Acidic mucosubstances with varying histochemical properties were present in different structures of the neoplasm. The characteristic pseudocyst, a major structural component of the neoplasm, stained strongly with HID, Astra blue, aldehyde fuchsin and Alcian blue at low pH. These staining reactions were markedly suppressed by hyaluronidase treatment, and are apparently attributable to the presence of chondroitin 4- and/or 6-sulfate. Employing the Alcian blue-critical electrolyte concentration technique, the basophilia of the pseudocysts was suppressed at a concentration of 0.5–0.6 M MgCl2, which might indicate polysaccharides of relatively low degree of sulfation. An additional, non-sulfated acid mucin could also be demonstrated in these structures. In certain duct and gland like structures of the tumours, a change in staining pattern from blue or blue-red to red could be observed after exposure of the sections to neuraminidase and subsequent staining with the Alcian blue (pH 2.5)-PAS sequence. Similar observations were also made when the pH of the Alcian blue was lowered to 1.5–1.0, as well as after acid hydrolysis. These findings afford evidence for the presence of a neuraminidase susceptive sialomucin in certain epithelial secretions of the tumor. At the ultrastructural level the replicated basement lamina of the pseudocysts displayed a strong positive reaction with the PA-CrA-silver staining technique. Furthermore, amorphous material within the lumina of small duct like structures also displayed a positive reaction. The amorphous material of the cystic compartments was less reactive.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 375 (1977), S. 123-128 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Esthesioneuroblastoma ; Light microscopy ; Electron microscopy ; Argyrophil reaction ; Formaldehyde-induced fluorescence
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A case of esthesioneuroblastoma was examined by histological, histochemical and electron microscopic techniques. The tumour cells showed an argyrophil reaction with the Grimelius technique and contained cytoplasmic secretory granules, but in contrast to previous reports were devoid of histochemically demonstrable biogenic amines. For routine diagnosis the argyrophil technique may be useful in differentiating this type of tumour from epidermoid carcinoma.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 375 (1977), S. 13-22 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Target-targetoid phenomenon ; Histochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Z-band alteration ; Incomplete innervation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Target and targetoid fibers in a muscle biopsy from a patient with paralysis of the deltoid and supraspinatus muscles were studied by light and electron microscopy. The probable cause of the neuropathy was tumor compression. Target and targetoid change was exclusively confined to hypertrophic or normal-sized fibers. Morphometric evaluation of the target and targetoid fibers showed no significant difference between them. With the electron microscope, up to 4 structural zones were seen in the typical target fiber but many were devoid of either zone 2 (halo) or zone 3, or both. It was conceivable that focal irregularity and streaming of Z-bands were the primary alterations in the process of target-targetoid fiber formation, and that this phenomenon was induced both by partial residual innervation as well as re-innervation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 375 (1977), S. 147-157 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Electron microscopy ; Atherosclerosis ; Pigeon
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The atherosclerotic lesions, associated with the celiac intimal smooth muscle cushions, of four and five year old White Carneau pigeons were studied with the light and electron miscroscopes. Light microscopic examination of the spontaneous lesions demonstrated large intimal cushions composed of smooth muscle, abundant collagen, clusters of foam cells and cholesterol crystal clefts. Ultrastructural examination of the intimal atheroma revealed dilatations between apposing endothelial cells which contained a flocculent material, similar to that seen in the subendothelial space. The subendothelial compartment contained abundant collagen, extracellular lipid, vesiculated material and cell processes which contained a flocculent matrix and tubular-like elements. In addition, fibroblast-like interlaminar cells were often observed. Numerous intimal smooth muscle cells were seen which displayed varied morphology. Abundant foam cells were also present within the intimal atheromas. The presence of atherosclerotic lesions in preexisting intimal smooth muscle cushions suggests that hemodynamic factors may be important in the progression of these spontaneous lesions. Endothelial cell dilatations may provide an important route of transport for circulating elements which may accumulate within the subendothelial space. Morphologically, it appears that the smooth muscle cells undergo modification and may represent the precursors of foam cells in this species.
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 377 (1977), S. 43-48 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Childhood cystinosis ; Liver ; Electron microscopy ; Dark cells ; Tight junctions
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Ultrastructural findings in the liver in a case of childhood cystinosis are reported. Crystalline structures were found mainly in Kupffer cells. The presence of dark cells, with or without crystals, was the most striking feature observed. Such cells have already been noted within the kidney on one occasion when it was shown that the dark substance was L-cystine (Spear et al., 1971). In this case identical dark material was also found extracellularly. The data shows that free cystine can fill cell cytoplasm and extracellular spaces and the possibility that cystine overproduction may take place in the hyaloplasm should be considered. Extracellular location of cystine in the tubules might account for an increase in epithelial permeability and thus for the Fanconi syndrome.
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 60 (1977), S. 175-177 
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Schlagwort(e): Aspergillus fumigatus ; Spore formation ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 61 (1977), S. 117-119 
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Schlagwort(e): Prototheca ; Colorless alga ; Plastids ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract An ultrastructural investigation of six different species of Prototheca showed that all of them contained starch grains enclosed in double-membrane-bounded structures recognized as plastids. It is concluded that these unicellular species of Prototheca must be considered as non-photosynthetic algae.
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 152 (1977), S. 43-64 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Habenula ; Ependyma ; Supraependymal cells ; Supraependymal axons ; Electron microscopy ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The surface features of the ependymal lining of the habenular complex in rats, aged between three weeks and nine months, were studied by means of scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The ependyma of the medial habenular nucleus is heavily ciliated, the cilia obscuring underlying substructure in SEM — preparations. On the habenular commissure most cilia are arranged in tufts. Cilia are provided with segmental indentations and occasional apical thickenings. Vesicular protrusions of the ependymal cytoplasm into the ventricular lumen and the frequent occurrence of homogeneous supraependymal globules were interpreted as signs of ependymosecretory activity of nucl. hab. med. Supraependymal cells are most numerous on the anterior and superior surface of the habenular commissure. Cells presenting features identical to Kolmer (epiplexus) cells were identified on the ventricular surface of nucl. hab. med. in one specimen showing degenerative changes of undetermined aetiology in the habenular nuclei. It is therefore suggested that such cells need not necessarily be restricted to the choroid plexus. Supraependymal unmyelinated axons are particularly numerous on both nucl. hab. med. and commiss. hab. They make desmosome contacts (maculae adherentes) with the ependymal plasmalemma. Contacts presenting all features of typical synapses were not encountered. The vesicle population of the axonal profiles mainly comprises 35–50 nm translucent round vesicles besides small numbers of 60–100 nm dense-cored vesicles and large pleiomorphic vesicles. Most probably the axons belong to the well-established dense population of serotonergic axons in the dorsal part of the third ventricle.
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 150 (1977), S. 335-364 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Caudate nucleus ; Hypothyroidism ; Development ; Electron microscopy ; synaptogenesis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Thyroid hormone exerts a powerful influence on CNS growth and maturation. Hypothyroidism early in life has long been known to cause disturbances in innate behavior, motor performance, severe and frequently irreversible mental retardation. In this deficiency, depressed caudate neurogenesis, cell migration and neuropil development during the rapid period of CNS growth may contribute to the clinical picture of perceptual handicaps often seen in cretins. Light microscopic and Golgi studies of the developing caudate nucleus in thyroid deficiency have been carried out to help attain insights into the mechanisms whereby the extrapyramidal system regulates motor function. The ultrastructural study of caudate nuclear cytogenesis and synaptogenesis in normal and hypothyroid states provides more detailed information for further analysis of the problem. Hypothyroidism was induced from birth by adding propylthiouracil to the food and drinking water of lactating dams. Linear development of the caudate nucleus of both normal and hypothyroid rats at ages 8, 14, 20, 30 and 42 days was studied by electron microscopy. Thyroid glands were examined by light microscopy to assess the normal and deficient states. Immature cells, primitive processes and synapses were the characteristic features of the 8-day-old normal caudate nucleus. Distinctively wide cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, loosely packed Golgi apparatus and chromatin clumps throughout the nuclei of the neurons were significant early morphologic variations. The dramatic cytoarchitectural maturation in the 14- and 20-day normal caudate neuropil points to the rapidity of developmental rate. After the growth spurt of the first three weeks a maturational plateau occurs which is characterized by well-formed neuronal cytoplasmic organelles, myelinated and non-myelinated axons, axon terminals, dendrites and their spines, and synapses. Thyroid deficiency causes a marked maturational delay of approximately 7 days in caudate neuronal proliferation, the elaboration of neuronal networks and the attainment of mature synaptic contents and membranes. This delay is evidenced by comparison of the structural similarities between 8-day-old normal and 14-day-old deficient rats; and additional comparisons between the 14-day-old normal and 20-day-old hypothyroid rats. A rapid “catch up” process in fine structural morphogenesis takes place in the period between days 14 and 30 in the deficient animals. Repression of thyroid function does not entirely prevent development of the caudate nucleus but allows a fairly extensive, though critically incomplete degree of maturation. This imperfection is manifested by a decrease in the number of synaptic contacts that persists even after the rapid “catch up” phenomenon of caudate synaptogenesis.
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  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 151 (1977), S. 109-118 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Iris ; Mesenchymal cells ; Chicken embryo ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The iris anlage of 3–10 day old chicken embryos was studied by both light and electron microscopy. Serial semithin sections showed that some of the mesenchymal cells overlying the eye cup moved into the primitive eye cavity by the 3rd day of incubation. On the 4th day some of these cells came into close contact with the basement membrane of the dorsal iris epithelium. The bases of the epithelial cells were flat at this stage. Towards the 10th day they formed cytoplasmic processes which did not penetrate the basement membrane. Fine mesenchymal cytoplasmic processes and a large number of extracellular fibrils developed in the epithelial-mesenchymal interface. The fine mesenchymal processes came into close contact with the basement membrane of the posterior iris epithelium but did not penetrate it. Collagen-like material was observed within the cisternae of the rough ER of the mesenchymal cells at certain stages of development. Both, the mesenchymal cells and the collagen fibrils adjacent to the posterior iris layer disappeared by the 10th day when the entire iris epithelium was completely pigmented. The possible origin of the collagen fibrils and the differentiation of the posterior iris epithelium are discussed.
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  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 151 (1977), S. 127-139 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Cilia ; Human heart ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Primary 9+0 cilia have been found in the embryonic and the adult human heart. Proximally the cilia show the typical (+0 filament arrangement. Rearrangement of the filaments occur in their distal regions. The cilia are usually found in deep invaginations of the cell membrane, but can also be found in a superficial position. Close connections are frequently found between cilia and thin cytoplasmic extensions from neighbouring cells.
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  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 151 (1977), S. 97-108 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Chick embryo ; Placode ; Electron microscopy ; Invagination ; Midbody
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The otic, the lens and the nasal placodes have been examined in chick embryos between stages 10 and 18 of Hamburger and Hamilton. At the stage when each placode first becomes visible conspicuous differences have been seen in the surface morphology between those cells which will invaginate and form the placode and those which will remain on the surface of the head, forming the epidermis. The differences become more pronounced with increasing development. The placode cells possess many surface projections whilst the epidermal cells do not. These differences in surface morphology are related to other differences which are visible in TEM sections, the placode cells being highly columnar and extending the full depth of the placode, whilst the epidermal cells are cuboidal or even squamous. This modification in cell shape of the placode cells is correlated with the presence of longitudinally orientated microtubules. The mechanism of invagination is discussed and evidence is presented which supports the idea that there is a migration of cells into the placode from one side. Such a phenomenon would help to explain the asymmetrical structure of the placode, including the presence of the overhanging lip.
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 260 (1977), S. 167-178 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Schlagwort(e): Electron microscopy ; Psoriasis pustulosa ; Spongiform pustule
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Fünf Fälle von Psoriasis pustulosa wurden elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Die Hauptveränderungen im Corium bestanden in Capillardilatation mit intravasculären polymorphonukleären Leukocyten und Erythrocyten. Leukocyten traten durch die vasculären Spalten und Fenestrationen und wanderten durch das deutlich ödematöse Corium zur Epidermis. Lymphgefäße fanden sich ebenfalls. Histiocyten mit Langerhansgranula wurden in der Dermis und Epidermis beobachtet. Die morphologischen Veränderungen in der Epidermis waren abhängig von der Lokalisation und besonders stark ausgeprägt in der Nähe von voll entwickelten Pusteln in höheren Zellschichten. Früher beschriebene Befunde konnten bestätigt werden. Perinukleäre Cytolyse und andere Veränderungen in den Keratinocyten scheinen sekundär aufgrund des Ödems und der Ansammlung von Neutrophilen innerhalb der Epidermis zu entstehen. Immunologische Phänomene könnten hierfür verantwortlich sein.
    Notizen: Summary Five cases of psoriasis pustulosa were examined by electron microscopy. The main features within the dermis were dilated capillaries filled with polymorphonuclear leukocytes and red cells. Neutrophils passed out of the vessels through the gaps and fenestrations and migrated towards the epidermis throughout the distinctly edematous corium. Lymphatic vessels could be found. Histiocytes containing Langerhans granules were observed in the dermis and epidermis. The morphological changes of the epidermis depented on the place examined and were most evident near fully developed pustules in the upper layers. The presence of previously described morphological findings could be confirmed. Perinuclear cytolysis and other changes in the keratinocytes, however, seem to be secondary, resulting from edema and accumulation of neutrophils within the epidermis. Immunological phenomenona may be responsible for the latter event.
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 37 (1977), S. 119-125 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Amyloid polyneuropathy ; Electron microscopy ; Nerve fibers abnormalities ; Giant axons
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Two sporadic cases of amyloid polyneuropathy with clinical features corresponding to the Portuguese type of this disease were studied. Histological examination of sural nerve demonstrated a marked loss of myelinated and unmyelinated fibers in the case 1 due to axonal degeneration, high content of fibers with segmental demyelination and the occurrence of several enlarged axons filled with the 10 nm filaments (so-called giant axons). In the case 2 there was total loss of unmyelinated axons and myelinated fibers were nearly completely lacking. In the development of changes in the myelinated fibers their direct compression by amyloid deposits seems to play an important role. It leads to the appearance of both axonal degeneration and segmental demyelination. The latter seems to be due to local compression and it may involve many fibers. In the light of observations reported by other authors the mechanism of changes developing in unmyelinated fibers is explained by the presence of changes in the cells of posterior root ganglia, however the question whether some abnormalities seen in unmyelinated axons could not be related to the pressure exerted by amyloid deposits directly to these fibers, remains open.
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  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 37 (1977), S. 263-265 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy ; Multiple sclerosis ; Demyelination ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Inclusions identical to those described in multiple sclerosis (MS) brain by Prineas (1975) have been seen by ultrastructural study of cerebral tissue in two elsewhere reported cases of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML). The meaning of these formations, which have been suggested to be related to a special process of demyelination in MS, is discussed in the light of the hypotheses concerning the demyelination mechanism in PML. Whatever might be their significance, these cytoplasmic non viral inclusions are not specific for MS.
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 39 (1977), S. 135-138 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Clofibrate ; Striated muscle ; Histochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Experimental animal
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Rats were given daily injections of 0.2 or 0.5 g/kg chlorophenoxyisobutyrate (clofibrate) for 9 to 46 days. Lower leg muscles were studied with light and electron microscopy. Daily treatment with 0.5 g/kg of the drug for 26–46 days caused myopathic changes.
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 37 (1977), S. 69-72 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Neuropathy ; Fibroblast ; Endoneurial edema ; Peripheral nerve ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary “Focal mucoid degeneration” was found in a N. suralis biopsy of a 8 year old child, diagnosed clinically and electrophysiologically as progressive muscular atrophy Charcot-Marie-Tooth.
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 37 (1977), S. 127-135 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Slow infection ; Viral encephalomyelitis ; Electron microscopy ; C-Type virus ; Immunopathology
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructure of visna, a slowly progressive meningo-encephalomyelitis of sheep, was studied in animals sacrificed one month after intracerebral inoculation of visna virus. The major pathological changes, representative of those seen during the first year after infection, consist of inflammation and minor focal destructive lesions of grey and white matter. The inflammatory infiltrates, both subependymal and perivascular as well as of the choroid plexus, were composed mainly of lymphocytes and macrophages with varying numbers of plasma cells. The demyelination seen was of the secondary or Wallerian type. There was no evidence of primary demyelination. Visna virions were not seen in any of the CNS material studied. The ultrastructural findings are compatible with the view that lesions in visna may be induced by a cell-mediated immune response. However, changes characteristic of an autoimmune reaction to myelin antigens were not observed.
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  • 78
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Perexiline maleate ; Drug-induced neuropathy ; Nerve biopsy ; Muscle biopsy ; Skin biopsy ; Electron microscopy ; Lysosomes ; Segmental demyelination
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The pathological findings in four nerves and muscles and in one skin biopsies from four patients treated with perhexiline maleate for angina pectoris are reported. In every case, a muscular denervation atrophy and a decrease in the large diameter myelinated fibers were observed. Only one case showed a decrease of the total number of myelinated fibers, on quantitative studies. The electron microscopic study of each nerve displayed findings consistent with a predominant schwannian degeneration, associated with a few onion bulbs formations and, in two cases, with a mild wallerian degeneration. The most striking finding consisted in the presence of polymorphous membrane-bound inclusions reminding the morphology of lysosomal complex lipids. These structures were very abundant in Schwann cells, but they were seen also in fibrocytes, endothelial and pericytic cells. Similar inclusions were present in the single muscle and skin biopsies studied by electron microscopy. In the muscle, they were seen in muscular cells as well as in endothelial and pericytic cells. In the skin, similar inclusions were observed in endothelial, smooth muscle and sweat gland cells. These inclusions were difficult to identifiy in one micron thick sections, emphazing the need of ultrastructural study for diagnostic purposes.
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  • 79
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Cytoplasmic tubular aggregates ; Electron microscopy ; Growth hormone cells ; Pituitary adenoma
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Electron microscopy revealed the presence of cytoplasmic tubular aggregates in the capillary endothelium of a sparsely granulated growth hormone cell adenoma removed surgically from a 25-year-old female patient with acromegaly. To our knowledge, this is the second publication describing these structures in hypophysial growth hormone cell adenomas.
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 37 (1977), S. 95-100 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Brain oedema ; Ouabain ; Na-K-ATPase ; Na-ion ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Ouabain, a specific inhibitor of active cation transport across cell membrane, was applied topically to brain surface of cats. The cerebral cortex to which 10−3 M ouabain was applied showed a spongy state, which was ultrastructurally revealed to be swelling of the neuronal cell processes, especially of dendrites. Astrocytes did not show swelling even in the most severely affected lesions. There was a marked increase in sodium with a slight increase of water in the most severely affected lesions. There was a marked increase in sodium with a slight increase of water in the cortex treated with 10−3 M ouabain. No evidence of increased vascular permeability was noted in the cortex, morphologically or biochemically. Electron microscopic cytochemistry to detect the sodium ion revealed that the increased sodium in the cortex accumulated in the swollen neuronal cell processes. It is speculated that neuronal rather than astrocytic elements might be highly dependent upon active cation transport, and that intracellular oedema in the brain tissue responsible for impairment of active cation transport might be related primarily to neuronal elements.
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 38 (1977), S. 39-43 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; Muscle biopsy ; Target fibre ; Lamellar inclusions ; Transversal tubular system ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In a muscle biopsy from a patient suffering about 2 years from an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis groups of atrophic fibres and target fibres were observed. By electron microscopic examination, amongst numerous parallel or spinal cisternae near the plasma membrane, single-membrane bound smooth tubular elements with a constant diameter of 200–300 Å occur in the central and intermediary zone of some target fibres. The connexion between these tubules and the terminal cisternae (triads) of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, suggest that this phenomenon seems to be a proliferation of the transversal-tubular system due to the partial denervation. Only a mechanical displacement of the T-tubules as a result of the destruction of the muscle fibres is not plausible, because the T-system volumetrically amounts only 0.3–0.5% of the muscle fibre.
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  • 82
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Human fetal muscle ; Electron microscopy ; Motor end-plate ; Extraocular muscles
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The development of human extraocular muscles (EOM) was studied in a series of fetal specimens (12–24 weeks gestation). EOM were evaluated by enzyme histochemistry (EZ) (NADH and ATPase), by differential phase contrast microscopy (DPC) and electron microscopy (EM). In the early fetus (14 weeks), there was no clear-cut sub-division into fibre types. A uniform histochemical reaction was seen with NADH while ATPase showed light and dark myotubes. Myotubes contained large central nuclei, prominent eccentric nucleoli, abundant glycogen granules, free ribosomes, numerous mitochondria, and dense and looser bundles of myofilaments. Mesenchymal cells undergoing mitosis and fibroblasts with prominent stacks of rough endoplasmic reticulum were scattered within endomysium. Mast cells with well formed cytoplasmic granules were found as early as 18–24 weeks. The same specimens by DPC showed differentiation into at least 4 different fibre types at 12 weeks. All the intramuscular nerves at 12–16 weeks were composed of unmyelinated fibres. At 18 weeks, myelinated axons were present. Morphologically immature end-plates devoid of junctional folds were found at 12 weeks. The motor innervation of some EOM appears to be derived from more than one axon (multiple innervated fibres). At 18 weeks gestational age, differentiation into fibre types became apparent by enzyme histochemistry. These histochemical and morphological findings suggest that morphologically mature endplates are not prerequisites for differentiation into muscle fibre types.
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  • 83
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Resting microglia ; Silver impregnation ; Electron microscopy ; Hematogenous cell
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Vibratome sections of hippocampus of adult rabbits were stained by a modified Hortega's silver-carbonate method. Impregnated materials were examined by electron microscopy to decide fine-structural characteristics of the resting microglia. Comparing their characteristics with those of macrophages, we came to the following conclusions:(1) Impregnated resting microglia in the hippocampus of adult rabbits can be identified as cells having distinct fine structures. (2) Resting microglia are morphologically different from macrophages or their precursor cells, and therefore, seem not to be hematogenous cells sojourning in the normal brain parenchyma.
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 39 (1977), S. 177-180 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Herpes simplex virus type II ; Organized CNS culture ; Cerebellar explants ; Electron microscopy ; Herpes infection
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Organized cultures of newborn rat and hamster cerebellum were infected with herpes virus type II, after 7 and 14 days “in vitro”. 48 h after the infection, electron microscopic examination of the cultures showed that astrocytes contained numerous intranuclear and intracytoplasmic viral particles, while neurons remained apparently intact. The specificity of the infection for a given cell type is discussed.
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 39 (1977), S. 231-235 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Actinomyces viscosus ; Epidural space ; Spinal cord ; Cat ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In a 3 year old female domestic cat a suppurative, granulomatous lesion of the tail and sacral area penetrated into the epidural space, causing paraplegia. A. viscosus was isolated from the inflammatory tissues. A comparative light and electron-microscopic study of the bacterial elements and the architecture of the granules (Drusen) show that the latter are in-vivo microcolonies of the agent.
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  • 86
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Metachromatic leukodystrophy ; Peripheral nerve ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructural findings in nerve biopsies from two cases of late onset metachromatic leukodystrophy were compared with those in cases of late infantile and juvenile onset. Hypertrophic changes and regenerating clusters were more evident in the late onset cases, in which macrophages were less frequent, presumably reflecting the chronicity of the disorder in this form. Inclusions within Schwann cells and endoneurial macrophages were similar in all four cases. Myelin figures, in which the periodicity of major dense lines was 8 nm, were present in Schwann cells associated with myelinated axons. The electron lucent zones between the major dense lines were bisected by lines of lesser electron density. These inclusions were probably related to myelin breakdown. All other inclusions displayed a periodicity of 5.8 nm and consisted of zebra bodies, vacuoles containing irregularly orientated lamellar material and stacks of flattened discs. These inclusions represented the metachromatic sulphatide deposits. Occasional inclusion bodies were observed within axons.
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  • 87
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Spontaneously hypertensive rats ; Bilateral carotid occlusion ; Acute ischemic brain damage ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary An ultrastructural study of cerebral infarcts in spontaneously hypertensive rats 1–5 h after bilateral carotid artery occlusion was performed. The alterations of the neocortex consisted of shrinkage of the neurons surrounded by swollen astrocytic processes. Distension of the rough endoplasmic reticulum of the neuronal cytoplasm appeared early, while changes of the mitochondria were slight. Though there appeared slight to moderate perivascular astrocytic swelling, endothelial swelling was rare and there was no severe narrowing of the capillary lumen. There were no filling defects of colloidal carbon injected to the blood vessels of the ischemic brains. Ischemic neuronal alterations were proved to develop in the absence of severe morphological changes of the microvasculature in the developing cerebral infarcts in the present experimental model.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 88
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Poxvirus group ; Vaccinia virus, neurovirulent ; Neurovaccinia strains ; Meningoencephalitis, experimental ; Virus morphogenesis ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Adult NMRI mice were inoculated intracerebrally with 1.5–5×102 pfu of the “neurovirulent” strain Ma1 of vaccinia virus. The animals usually became diseased on day 3 and died on day 5 or 6 p.i. Infectivity assay studies on the mouse brains yielded a steeply rising viral titer comparable with that exhibited by several other so-called neurovaccinia strains after intracerebral inoculation. Histological studies revealed a patchy leptomeningitis most apparent over the basal brain surface. Mononuclear elements of varied size were the most common infiltrate cells in the meningitic lesions. These often showed a pronounced hemorrhagic and necrotizing character. In some places, the cellular infiltrates within the subarachnoid space extended along the perforating vessels into the superficial cerebral cortex. By electron microscopy, all essential stages of virus morphogenesis including the discharge of mature virions could be seen in numerous mononuclear phagocytes and adventitial cells. In contrast to this, no unequivocal neuroectodermal cell showed morphologic evidence of productive viral infection. Likewise, no endothelia or vascular myocytes were encountered which contained newly formed virus particles. However, alterations of the walls of blood vessels and signs of disturbed vascular permeability were a frequent finding in the meningeal foci of inflammation as well as in and around the track left by the inoculating needle. Another ultrastructural feature of the meningitic lesions was the widespread occurrence of degenerating or disintegrating infiltrate cells both infected and uninfected ones. The virologic and morphologic findings observed in this model of experimental vaccinia virus meningo-encephalitis are discussed with regard to data previously published by other authors. The propensity of strain Ma1 of vaccinia virus (and most probably of other so-called neurovaccinia strains) for replication in mesenchymal cells in particularly emphasized.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 40 (1977), S. 73-77 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Transplacental carcinogenesis ; Ethylnitrosourea ; Schwannomas ; Free cholesterol ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Malignant schwannomas of the trigeminal nerves were induced transplacentally by a single intravenous injection of 30 mg of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea per kg of body weight into pregnant BD-IX rats on the 15th day of gestation. These neoplasms consisted of a pleomorphic population of Schwann cells and occasional fibroblasts. In order to preserve sterols the tumours were fixed in a digitonin-containing aldehyde solution. The electron microscope investigation of the tissues so treated revealed various structures: lamellar, tubular and complex formations were all observed. In addition, the unit membranes, including those of various cytoplasmic organelles, showed areas of increased contrast. The abundance of these fine structural configurations indicated the high sterol content of ethyl-nitrosourea-induced schwannomas.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 38 (1977), S. 187-194 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Fabry's disease ; Muscle biopsy ; Nerve biopsy ; Electron microscopy ; Lamellar bodies
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A study of a muscle biopsy has provided evidence of storage involvement of the skeletal muscle fibres in Fabry's disease. In the endothelial cells of the capillaries, the inclusions were more abundant and pleomorphic. Muscle satellite cells were spared. In the sensory nerve biopsy, the perineurial and endothelial cells contained lamellar bodies, but not the Schwann cells. There was a slight reduction of the number of the small myelinated fibres and of the unmyelinated fibres. An electron microscopic study of a muscle biopsy can be helpful in the diagnosis of the disease. The physiopathology of the pain attacks is still a matter for discussion.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 40 (1977), S. 163-169 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Leucodystrophy ; Myelin ; Dog ; Histochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A recently recognised progressive disorder of central myelin in Dalmatian dogs is described. The disease is probably transmitted by autosomal recessive inheritance. The symptoms started at the age of 3–6 months and were dominated by visual deficiency and/or progressive locomotive abnormalities. Pathologically, the most consistent lesions were found bilaterally in the region of the centrum semiovale. The optic nerves were also frequently affected, the basal ganglia and spinal cord were affected infrequently. The main lesions were confined to myelin, while axons and nerve cells were spared, particularly in the early stages of the lesions. Numberous phagocytes were observed which contained engulfed myelin and other lipid breakdown products. Ultrastructurally and histochemically the disease differs from previusly described types of leucodystrophy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 40 (1977), S. 157-161 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Tuberous sclerosis ; Electron microscopy ; Astrocytes ; Microvilli
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A sporadic case of tuberous sclerosis in a stillborn infant is reported. The death at the 31st week of gestation was presumably due to the development of enormous rhabdomyomas of the heart. The typical cerebral lesions were fully developed as in patients deceased later in life. The atypical cells found in the cortical tubers demonstrated ultrastructural features of reactive astrocytes. Moreover, they showed innumerable microvillilike projections on their surface and junctional complexes, mostly of the zonula adhaerens type, reminiscent of ependymocytes. The significance of such glio-epithelial cellular features is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 93
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Disulfiram psychosis ; Electron microscopy ; Synaptic changes ; Dopamine-β-hydroxylase ; Histotoxic anoxia
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Following chronic administration of disulfiram to rats, changes of the brain were examined electron-microscopically. Pathological findings were observed in the nerve cells of the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus at later stage, and synaptic changes in the hypothalamus from initial stage. On the other hand, changes of myelinated fibers, neuroglias and capillaries were very slight. It was considered that neurons were affected more predominantly than other neuronal elements by the cytotoxic action of the drug, and that the synaptic changes of the hypothalamus might reveal chronic disturbance of noradrenergic transmission by inhibition of dopamine-β-hydroxylase. These ultrastructural findings might relate to the pathogenic mechanism of the disulfiram psychosis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 39 (1977), S. 173-175 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Parkinson's disease ; Lewy body ; Dense core vesicles ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In a case of Lewy body disease incidentally found at autopsy, numerous dense core vesicles, 80–200 nm in diameter, were seen in the neuronal perikarya of the locus caeruleus. They were particularly numerous in the vicinity of the Lewy bodies. The change seems to occur at the early stage of Lewy body production and may represent an additional morphologic clue to abnormal catecholamine metabolism in Parkinson's disease.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 37 (1977), S. 65-68 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Electron microscopy ; Neuropathology ; Down's syndrome ; Human cerebral cortex
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In a quantitative electronmicroscopic study, autopsy samples from the frontal and temporal lobes of two severely defective mongoloid brains were examined for the presence of abnormalities in the ultrastructure of the cerebral cortex. Particular attention was paid to the occurrence of atypical neuronal and glial inclusions similar to those which occur in small numbers (1 in 5000 µ2 of cortex) in neurologically normal brain (Rees, 1975). An area of 3.6×105 µ2 of cortex was examined from each brain. Within the cortical parenchyma, there was no gliosis, neuronal death or areas of degeneration. Atypical neuronal and glial inclusions were observed in both of the retarded brains, but they did not occur in substantially different numbers from normal brains. There were no inclusions or structural abnormalities peculiar to the retarded brains. Thus, in these two defective brains, it has not been possible to demonstrate any specific abnormalities in the ultrastructure of the cortex.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 96
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Lymphocyte ; Juvenile amaurotic idiocy ; Ceroid lipofuscinosis ; Vacuolar contents ; Electron microscopy ; Sural nerve ; Muscle ; Rectum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Lymphocytes of the peripheral blood of 31 patients with juvenile amaurotic idiocy (juvenile form of ceroid lipofuscinosis) were examined with the electron microscope. In all cases, intracytoplasmic clear vacuoles were present, containing round hollow, fingerprint and highly electron dense structures. The combination of these structures, not necessarily in one and the same vacuole, was considered to be highly indicative for the diagnosis of juvenile amaurotic idiocy. In addition to these three structures, parallel tubular inclusion bodies, rectilinear profiles and rodshaped structures were found but in a number of the cases. The parallel tubular inclusion bodies were not regarded as having any diagnostic significance.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 37 (1977), S. 213-217 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Peripheral neuropathy ; Giant axons ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary An 8-year-old boy with a slowly progressive motor neuropathy is described. The first signs appeared at the age of 3 years. Histological examination of the sural nerve showed the presence of numerous segmental axonal swellings and features of demyelination as well as remyelination. These enlargements were filled with irregularly orientated 10 nm filaments. The case resembled the previously described cases of giant axonal neuropathy but differed from them in absence of kinky hair.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 23 (1977), S. 215-223 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Amorphous mineral ; Bone ; Electron microscopy ; Ultracryotomy ; Ultramicro-incineration
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Summary The fine structure of the extracellular phase of avian medullary bone and embryonic chick femur was examined in thin sections prepared by ultracryotomy and ultramicroincineration. Since contact with solutions was completely avoided, little or no loss or dislocation of mineral constituents could occur. Amorphous bone mineral (ABM) was present in two forms: as 15–30 nm spheres and as a structure-free haze. Removal of all organic material by low temperature ashing left the ABM intact. Crystals were usually associated with the ABM. In newly ossifying regions clusters or nodules of randomly oriented crystals and ABM appeared to coalesce when they reached approximately 1 μm in diameter. In highly calcified regions crystals appeared to be oriented along collagen fibers. ABM did not appear to be associated with collagen. Unmineralized collagen was visible in osteoid after staining with dry OsO4 vapor and it appeared to be diverted around nodules. Structures which resembled matrix vesicles were present. Selected area electron diffraction patterns indicated the presence of hydroxyapatite.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 24 (1977), S. 191-197 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Amelogenesis imperfecta ; Hypocalcification ; Hypoplasia ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Summary An ultrastructural study of teeth with amelogenesis imperfecta revelaed various aspects of microcavities in the enamel surface, which ranged from isolated imprints of ameloblasts corresponding to the mildest lesions at the end of amelogenesis, to pits caused by the death of 20 to 30 ameloblasts at the beginning of amelogenesis. Abnormalities in the shape of the prisms can be observed. Further, crystals are distributed randomly within a prism or at the junction of 2 contiguous prisms while intercrystalline spaces are widened, indicating in various places the lack of a preferred orientation of the crystals. In amelogenesis imperfecta, two different crystalline periods are found: 1 of about 250 Å, the other of about 500 Å and over. The fact that amorphous areas are found among the crystals of enamel may be related to different stages of crystallization. However, it was not possible to find any lattice defect.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 24 (1977), S. 239-242 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Cementum ; Lysis ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Summary Examination of microradiographs from the deciduous teeth of pigs revealed large lacunae or radiolucent zones close to the cemento-dentinal junction. Electron microscopic studies of the ground sections showed areas or irregularly shaped zones devoid of mineral and filled with collagen fibers. In the wide unmineralized zones, spherical clusters of crystallites were noted. Several cementum lacunae bordered by a broad rim of unmineralized collagen fibers were noted and some lacunae also contained zones of a moderately electron dense material. This material did not yield a diffraction pattern, while the mineralized part of the cementum gave the diffraction pattern typical of hydroxyapatite.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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