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  • 1970-1974  (1,203)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1950-1954
  • 1971  (1,203)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (788)
  • Industrial Chemistry  (330)
  • Engineering General  (62)
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  • 1970-1974  (1,203)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1950-1954
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dendrodendritic synapses of cells that have axons: The fine structure of the Golgi type II cell in the medial geniculate body of the cat (1971)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 133 (1971), S. 216-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Neurocytology ; Synapse ; Audition ; Thalamus ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study provides a combined analysis with the Golgi method and electron microscopy of the Golgi type II cells of the thalamus in the cat. In the ventral nucleus of the medial geniculate body these cells constitute a large, morphologically homogeneous population of neurons. They are clearly distinguished from the thalamo-cortical neurons by their size, shape, kinds of dendritic appendages, and cytoplasmic structure. The axon of the Golgi type II cell is exceptionally short and forms a small number of lumpy endings in the vicinity of its origin. The dendrites are often longer and much more elaborately branched than the axon. The shafts of these dendrites bear spiculated appendages, while the distal ends of the dendrites form clusters of very large endings. The appendages and terminal clusters participate in the nests of axonal endings formed by the afferent auditory axons and the dendritic branches of thalamo-cortical neurons. These axonal nests are the synaptic nests observed in electron micrographs. Within the synaptic nests the endings of Golgi type II neurons form dendrodendritic synapses on the dendrites of the thalamocortical neurons. The dendritic endings of Golgi type II neurons also receive synapses from the afferent axons. The dendrodendritic synapses may involve the Golgi type II neurons in an inhibitory role in the thalamo-cortical transformation of auditory signals. The dendrodendritic endings of the Golgi type II neurons continue to grow in the adult cat. Possibly these cells are involved in the evolution of cortical functions and in the plastic changes of neural activities that modify behavior.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00528025
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Early prenatal ontogenesis of the cerebral cortex (neocortex) of the cat (Felis domestica). A Golgi study (1971)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 134 (1971), S. 117-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Prenatal ontogenesis ; Neocortex ; Cat ; Golgi study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The neocortex of the cat undergoes a series of fundamental transformations of its fibrillar-neuronal organization during the course of early prenatal cortical ontogenesis. Some of these transformations assume structural chracteristics and neuronal features which resemble those of phylogenetically older cortical organizations. Following the arrival of corticipetal fibers at the marginal zone of the cerebral vesicle a very primitive neocortical organization, the primordial plexiform layer develops. It is characterized by the external location of the white matter with both corticipetal and a few corticofugal fibers and a few immature neurons sandwiched between the fibers. The primitive plexiform layer is present in the cat from the 20th to the 25th day of gestation. The external (superficial) location of the white matter of the primordial plexiform layer of the cat neocortex is reminiscent of the amphibian cortical organization. It also resembles other primitive structures (spinal cord) of the central nervous system. In view of its short duration and because of the immaturity of its fibrillar-neuronal elements, the primordial plexiform layer is considered to be a transient neocortical organization possibly without functional activity in the cat. The appearance of the cortical plate (25th day of gestation) causes the subdivision of the primordial plexiform layer into an outer and an inner zone. The outer zone becomes layer I and the inner zone layer VI of the neocortex. Both of these layers remain as such throughout cortical development. From the 25th to the 45th day of gestation the fibrillarneuronal structure of layers I and VI develop while the cortical plate grows, passively, by the progressive addition of new cells. The progressive fibrillar-neuronal organization of layers I and VI and the development of structural and functional interactions between them constitutes the primordial neocortical organization of the cerebral cortex of the cat. It is characterized by a superficial (layer I) and a deep (layer VI) plexiform layer composed predominantly of collaterals from the corticipetal fibers arriving at the developing cortex and by three basic types of neurons. The horizontal neurons of layer I with descending axons terminating in layer VI, and the Martinotti neurons of layer VI with ascending axons terminating in layer I, are associative neurons. The large stellate neurons of layer VI are projective neurons. The axons of these cells before entering the white matter send ascending recurrent collaterals to layer I. The fibrillar-neuronal organization of the neocortex during this gestational period (primordial neocortical organization) resembles the organization of the reptilian neocortex. It is postulated that the primordial neocortical organization of the cat is functionally active during this gestational period. The arrival of new types of afferent fibers at the lower region of the cortical plate (45th day of gestation) causes the maturation of the pyramidal neurons of this region of the neocortex. These neurons are recognized at this age as the pyramidal neurons of layer V of the neocortex of the cat. The appearance of these afferent fibers and the maturation of the pyramidal neurons of layer V marks the transformation of the neocortex from its primitive reptilian structure into a distinctly mammalian organization. It is postulated that the cortical plate (pyramidal plate) is a recent addition in neocortical phylogeny representing a mammalian transformation. An analogy seems to exists among the pyramid-like neurons of the amphibian cortex, the pyramid-like neurons of the reptilian neocortex and the pyramid-like neurons (stellate) of layer VI of the mammalian neocortex. This analogy differs from the classical one postulated by Cajal which includes the pyramidal neurons of the mammalian neocortex, which are here considered as recent additions to neocortical phylogeny and hence as distinct mammalian neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00519296
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Origin and termination of cuneocerebellar tract (1971)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 13 (1971), S. 339-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cuneocerebellar tract ; External cuneate nucleus ; Main cuneate nucleus ; Cerebellum ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. The origin and termination was determined for cells belonging to the cuneocerebellar tract in the cat, which consists of one proprioceptive component (P-CCT) activated by group I muscle afferents and one exteroceptive component (E-CCT) activated by cutaneous afferents. The recording sites of the cells were histologically verified and the termination of the axons assessed by antidromic activation from the cerebellar surface. 2. The P-CCT originates from cells in the external cuneate nucleus, where forelimb muscles are somatotopically represented. The observations suggest that practically all cells in this nucleus project to the cerebellum and are activated by muscle afferents. 3. The E-CCT originates from cells in the rostral part of the main cuneate nucleus, where they occur intermingled with lemniscal neurones. 4. The CCT terminates in the pars intermedia of lobule V of the anterior lobe and in the four rostral folia of the paramedian lobule. The majority of the cells send one branch to each projection area. 5. The P-CCT and E-CCT terminate in the same projection areas. 6. CCT neurones activated from distal and proximal parts of the limb terminate diffusely in the entire projection area, although there is some tendency for neurones activated from distal parts to terminate caudally and for neurones activated from proximal parts to terminate rostrally.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234336
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optic nerve axon diameters measured in the cat retina: Some functional considerations (1971)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 13 (1971), S. 498-503 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Optic nerve ; Retina ; Axon diameters ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Because of the arrangement of axon bundles in the fibre layer of the cat's retina, it is possible to obtain electronmicroscopic sections of axon bundles which contain exclusively either axons arising from the area centralis, or axons arising from peripheral retina. From electronmicrographs of such sections we have constructed axon diameter spectra for central and peripheral axon samples. The centrally originating axons are markedly smaller than peripheral axons, in good agreement with their slower conduction velocity (described in an accompanying paper). The diameter spectra of both peripheral and area centralis axon samples are unimodal, in contrast to the two conduction velocity groups known to exist within each axon population. Alternative explanations of this discrepancy between diameter and conduction velocity spectra are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234280
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Excitation and depression of cortical neurones during spreading depression (1971)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 12 (1971), S. 132-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cerebral cortex ; Spreading Depression ; Glutamic acid ; Excitation ; Depression ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Variations in the excitability of individual cortical neurones during the invasion of spreading depression (SD) have been monitored by observing the alterations of spontaneous and L-glutamate-induced firing. Invasion of many neurones during SD is marked by a brief burst of firing which occurs concurrently with the onset of the negative slow extracellular potential. Other neurones do not fire, although the microelectrode records a negative slow wave. Depression of glutamate-induced and spontaneous firing follows and may last for several minutes. The initial loss of excitability of those neurones that discharge during SD invasion may be due to excessive depolarization. This phase is rapidly succeeded by a period of depressed excitability, during which the neurones can be invaded by an antidromic spike or excited by increased amounts of L-glutamate. These findings indicate that SD propagation initially involves the release of an excitant substance, possibly glutamic acid. The continuing effects of SD are due to the reduction in cell excitability. As many neurones are depressed without undergoing an initial excitation, it appears that a depressant substance is also involved. This may be gamma-aminobutyric acid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234311
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Excitability changes of extensor motoneurons and primary afferent endings during prolonged stimulation of flexor afferents (1971)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 12 (1971), S. 150-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Monosynaptic response ; Primary afferent depolarization ; Spinal cord ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Long trains of electrical stimuli supramaximal for Group I fibers of PBST nerves were used to study the effect on GS pathway. Inhibition of GS monosynaptic response occurred during PBST stimulation: however, decline in the inhibition developed with time despite the constancy of the inhibitory input monitored from the dorsal root. The level of recovery of the monosynaptic reflex at steady state depended upon the frequency of PBST stimulation, the higher the frequency the more complete the recovery. The effect of increasing the frequency of GS stimulation was to increase the inhibitory effect from PBST. Enhanced excitability of GS primary afferent endings in monosynaptic contact with homonymous motoneurons occurred and decreased parallel to the recovery of the monosynaptic response. When present, the polysynaptic response evoked by stimulating GS peripheral nerves increased during PBST stimulation in an inverse relation to changes in the monosynaptic response. Intracellular recordings from GS motoneurons usually revealed no change in membrane potential or in excitability of postsynaptic membrane to direct stimulation. Increased delay of intracellular GS spike potential was observed during PBST stimulation. The amount of this shift can be accounted for by polysynaptic activation of the same motoneuron.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234312
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations on synaptic patterns in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat: The C laminae and the perikaryal synapses (1971)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 12 (1971), S. 184-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Lateral geniculate ; Cat ; Synapse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The laminae near the optic tract which have previously been described as C, C1 and C2, have been studied electron microscopically and compared ] to the A laminae. In the A laminae most of the presumed retinogeniculate axons end in encapsulated synaptic zones that contain multiple interconnected synaptic profiles. Only a few of these axons form simple axodendritic synapses upon proximal dendritic segments of the largest cells. In the C laminae the situation is reversed. Most of the retinogeniculate axons end as simple synapses upon medium or small dendrites and few end in encapsulated synaptic zones. Further, these zones are simpler in the C laminae than in the A laminae. The neuronal profiles are smallest and the synaptic interconnections appear to be least complex in lamina C2, where there are only a few, small, presumed retinogeniculate terminals. Of the three C laminae, lamina C, furthest from the optic tract, shows the largest profiles and the most complex interconnections. Bundles of very fine axons occur in all the laminae, but they dominate the regions closest to the optic tract (lamina C2) where they tend to run parallel to the lamina. Some of the largest cells in laminae A, A1 and C are contacted by very fine perisomatic axons which contain round vesicles. These axons have not been described before and are likely to represent an input too fine to have been demonstrable by light microscopical methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234315
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The termination of the spinothalamic tract in the cat an experimental study with silver impregnation methods (1971)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 12 (1971), S. 331-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Spinal cord ; Thalamus ; Silver methods ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The termination of the spinothalamic tract (STT) in the cat has been studied light microscopically in Fink-Heimer and Nauta impregnated sections. Following lesions of the STT at various rostrocaudal levels of the spinal cord the degenerating fibres in the thalamus and subthalamus were mapped, mainly in transverse sections. The cervicothalamic tract was not injured by the lesions. The spinothalamic fibres enter the diencephalon through the mesencephalic reticular formation and terminate in the following regions: the medial portion of the magnocellular part of the medial geniculate body (MGmc), the ventrolateral portion of the medial part of the posterior nuclear complex (POm), the caudolateral and medial parts of the zona incerta (ZI), the nucleus centralis medialis (CeM), the nucleus parafascicularis (Pf), the lateral part of the nucleus centralis lateralis (CL), the medial and rostrolateral parts of the nucleus ventralis lateralis (VL). To reach these regions the fibres pass through the nucleus centrum medianum (CM), the nucleus subparafascicularis (SPf) and the nucleus paracentralis (Pc). The fibres that terminate in the VL pass through Forel's field H1 and the external medullated lamina (EML). Conclusive results were not obtained concerning a termination in the CM. The spinothalamic fibres do not pass through nor terminate in the nucleus ventralis posterolateralis (VPL) and the nucleus reticularis (R). The VPL, defined as that portion of the ventral thalamus that receives terminal fibres from the dorsal column nuclei, has been found to extend rostrally only as far as Horsley-Clarke level anterior 10.5. The results strongly support the view that all the spinothalamic fibres terminate ipsilateral to their course in the ventral quadrant of the spinal cord. No signs of a somatotopical organization of the termination of the STT were found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234489
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modification of the distribution of receptive field orientation in cats by selective visual exposure during development (1971)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 12 (1971), S. 509-527 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Visual cortex ; Receptive fields ; Visual deprivation ; Neuronal plasticity ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A novel procedure was used to rear kittens under conditions of controlled visual experience: one eye was exposed only to vertical lines while the other eye, simultaneously, was exposed only to horizontal lines. Stimuli were presented in a mask which the animals wore whenever they were in a lighted environment. At the conclusion of the rearing period elongated receptive fields of units recorded from the visual cortex of these animals were oriented either horizontally or vertically. This is in contrast to the full complement of receptive field orientations found in normal cats. Furthermore, units with vertically oriented fields were predominantly or exclusively activated by the eye which had been exposed to vertical lines, while neurons with horizontally oriented fields were predominantly or exclusively activated by the eye which had been exposed to horizontal lines. Normally, 80–90% of the neurons in the visual cortex of the cat are activated by both eyes. The consequences of this controlled visual experience provide evidence for highly selective modification of neuronal connectivity by environmental conditions prevailing during development. Sufficient control of the visual environment was achieved to allow direct comparison between single unit response characteristics and the specific stimuli presented during rearing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234246
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of fenfluramine on sleep-wakefulness in cats (1971)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 20 (1971), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Fenfluramine ; Amphetamine ; Paradoxical Sleep ; Slow-Wave Sleep ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Five cats were prepared with chronically implanted electrodes for recording sleep-wakefulness patterns. Four of these animals received fenfluramine at each of three dose levels and data was recorded for the following 12 hours. Percent of time in paradoxical sleep was significantly reduced by 2.5 and 7.5 mg/kg, but not by 0.5 mg/kg, of fenfluramine. The higher doses also increased slow-wave sleep and, at 7.5 mg/kg (an anorexigenic dose), total sleep time was significantly increased. Under similar conditions amphetamine, at an anorexigenic dose of 1 mg/kg, significantly suppressed both paradoxical sleep and slow-wave sleep in three cats. Rebound of paradoxical sleep after suppression induced by 2.5 mg/kg of fenfluramine was not seen in either of two cats studied when sleep patterns were recorded for 48 hours. After 7.5 mg/kg of the drug, however, rebound was seen on days 3 and 4 after suppression of paradoxical sleep which lasted for over 26 hours. In two animals, daily administration of 2.5 mg/kg of fenfluramine for 16 consecutive days, followed by saline administration for three days, indicated that tolerance was developing to the suppression of paradoxical sleep produced by the drug.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00404052
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mossy and climbing fibre activation in the cat cerebellum by stimulation of the labyrinth (1971)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 12 (1971), S. 1-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Purkinje cell ; Mossy fibres ; Climbing fibres ; Vestibular system ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In decerebrate cats, caloric and galvanic stimulations of the labyrinth were able to modulate the activity of the Purkinje cells through both the afferents which terminate in the cerebellar cortex as mossy fibres and climbing fibres. In response to these stimulations, several patterns of response were seen. For the galvanic stimulation a predominant pattern was described. In most cases the mossy fibre driven activity had an effect which was opposite to that of the climbing fibre one. The climbing fibre driven activity could be modulated only in the low frequency range, but it can interfere remarkably with the mossy fibre one. The results described were obtained not only in the so-called vestibular area of the cerebellum, but also in other areas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234413
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organization of afferent connections to cuneocerebellar tract (1971)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 13 (1971), S. 359-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cuneocerebellar tract ; Proprioceptive path ; Exteroceptive path ; Cerebellum ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. The afferent connections to 180 cuneocerebellar tract (CCT) neurones were studied in the cat. The neurones were classified into two groups, proprioceptive and exteroceptive. 2. The proprioceptive neurones (P-CCT) occurred in the external cuneate nucleus and were monosynaptically activated by group I muscle afferents. About 60% of these neurones received additional excitation from group II muscle afferents. 3. The P-CCT neurones received excitation from one nerve only. 4. The P-CCT neurones received postsynaptic inhibition from muscle nerves not supplying excitation. 5. The exteroceptive neurones (E-CCT) occurred in the main cuneate nucleus and received di- and polysynaptic excitation from cutaneous afferents. Most neurones received additional excitation from high threshold muscle afferents. The latter originated from receptors that were sometimes activated by pressure against deep structures but seldom, if ever, from slowly adapting stretch receptors in muscle. 6. The E-CCT neurones were usually activated from several skin and muscle nerves. 7. Stimulation of the sensorimotor area of the cerebral cortex evoked inhibition in some P-CCT neurones and excitation and/or inhibition in some E-CCT neurones. 8. The afferent organization of the CCT is compared with that of the dorsal spinocerebellar tract. The information carried by the two tracts is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234337
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conduction velocity groups in the cat's optic nerve classified according to their retinal origin (1971)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 13 (1971), S. 489-497 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Conduction velocity ; Cat ; Retina ; Optic nerv
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary By recording antidromic field potentials and unit responses generated in the retina by stimulation of the optic tract and optic disc, evidence was obtained which suggests the presence of four major conduction velocity groups in the cat's optic nerve. The axons from all peripheral retina appear to fall into two groups, fast and slow, which correspond to the two major velocity groups described by earlier workers. Evidence is presented that the axons which arise from the area centralis form two distinctly slower conduction velocity groups. For each conduction velocity group, and for 60 single units, conduction velocity was estimated for both the intraretinal (unmyelinated) and extraretinal (myelinated) segments of the axons. All axons encountered accelerated markedly on leaving the retina. An anatomical basis for the classification of conduction velocity groups is presented in an accompanying paper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234279
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lateral geniculate unit activity and eye movements: Saccade-locked changes in dark and in light (1971)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 13 (1971), S. 533-546 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Lateral geniculate body ; Eye movements ; Corollary discharge ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The activity of 83 single lateral geniculate body (LGB) neurons was recorded in encéphale isolé cats, during nystagmic eye movements induced as an after-effect of electrical stimulation of the lateral vestibular nucleus. Phasic changes in firing, time-locked with the eye movements were found in 66% of the neurons, by a method using the saccades to trigger a post-“saccadic”-time histogram of the corresponding neuronal discharge. In 51% of the neurons, a saccadelocked change was significant even in complete darkness. The onset of the postsaccadic change showed an average latency of about 100 msec from the onset of the movement. The change could be either an increase, or a decrease in firing in both light and dark, or a change evident in one condition only, or even a reversal of the pattern of the change by shifting from one condition to the other. The results are discussed in connection with theories on visuo-motor mechanisms that counteract illusory shifts of visual field during active eye movements. The saccadelocked influences on LGB dark activity strongly support the Helmholtz-Teuber notion of “corollary discharges” modifying the activity of visual centers during eye movements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234284
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of stimulation of the cerebral cortex on vestibular nuclei units in the cat (1971)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 14 (1971), S. 77-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Vestibular nuclei units ; Descending influence from cortical areas 2 pri and 6aδ ; Converging multisynaptic pathway ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In cats under subhypnotic doses of a-chloralose and pentobarbital the descending action of circumscribed cortical stimulation on the unit activity in the vestibular nuclei was investigated. From a total of 215 units distributed through the middle areas of the vestibular nuclei, 61 units responded — 59 with facilitation and 2 with inhibition. No discernible relationship between units responding to horizontal rotation and those responding to cortical stimulation was demonstrated. Most responsive neurons within the vestibular nuclei were in the internal part of the triangular and the parvocellular and ventral subdivisions of Deiters' nucleus, whereas its dorsal part and the medial vestibular nucleus were virtually free of cortically excitable units. Stimulation of both ipsilateral and contralateral area 2 pri, on the anterior ectosylvian gyri, and area 6aδ, hidden in the cruciate sulcus, was effective, while stimulation of the surface parts of area 6 and of area 4 was not. This response may be conducted via converging multisynaptic pathways to a midbrain area, possibly to the nuclei of the direction-specific eye and head movements, and from there to the vestibular nuclei.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234912
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methamphetamine effects upon avoidance behavior during limbic seizures in the cat (1971)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 21 (1971), S. 390-400 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Methamphetamine ; Septal Stimulation ; Limbic Seizures ; Septal after-Discharge ; Shock Avoidance ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract It was predicted that methamphetamine administered to nine adult male cats would counteract the debilitating effects of electrically-induced septal after-discharges (seizures) upon learned shock avoidance. Performance was assessed in terms of number of avoidance responses and their latencies. Septal after-discharges of over five seconds duration resulted in the predicted deterioration of avoidance performance. Under the dosage (1.5 mg/kg) and conditions employed in the present experiment, methamphetamine appeared to enhance, rather than counteract, this effect. Methamphetamine alone had mixed effects upon avoidance behavior: there was less tendency for animals to “freeze” in response to the CS, but subjects appeared confused and disoriented. There was a greater likelihood of occurrence of after-discharges when methamphetamine was used in conjunction with electrical stimulation of the septum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02419062
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carotid body oxygen consumption of the catin vitro (1971)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 323 (1971), S. 315-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Chemoreceptors ; Carotid Body ; Cat ; Oxygen Consumption ; Schlüsselwörter ; Chemoreceptoren ; Glomus caroticum ; Katze ; Sauerstoffverbrauch
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The oxygen consumption of the cat carotid body has been measuredin vitro using a confinement method. The oxygen consumption of the organ appears to be very high (1.14 ml STPD·min−1 per gram of dried tissue). The carotid body dry mass (0.044 mg) was much lower than the values found in the literature. The O2 consumption versus O2 tension relationship of this small organ shows no critical points as other organs generally do.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00592402
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in firing rates of extensor motoneurones caused by electrically increased spinal inputs (1971)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 326 (1971), S. 35-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Extensor Motoneurones ; Synaptic Activation ; Inhibition ; Spinal Cord ; Cat ; Extensor-Motoneuren ; Synaptische Erregung ; Hemmung ; Rückenmark ; Katze
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Veränderungen in repetitiven Entladungsmustern der extensor Alpha-Motoneuren während afferenter Tetanisationen mit verschiedenen Reizstärken und Reizfrequenzen wurden bei decerebrierten Katzen untersucht. 2. Die Motoneuren wurden durch Teilung der Ventralwurzeln bei Tetanizationen des ipsilateralen N. gastrocnemius mit 100–200 Hz funktionell isoliert. Nach Amplituden der extracellulär abgeleiteten Spikes wurden die Motoneuren zu “großen” und “kleinen” angeordnet. Die Anzahl der aktivierten afferenten Fasern wurde durch die Steigerung der Reizstärke gesteigert. 3. Kleine Motoneuren waren immer tonisch; große Motoneuren waren im allgemeinen phasisch, selten tonisch. Die Schwelle für tonische Entladungen lag höher bei großen Motoneuren als bei kleinen. 4. Hochfrequente Tetanisationen (150–200 Hz) des N. gastrocnemius verursachte eine Aktivitätsabnahme bei großen Motoneuren; dabei blieb die Entladungsfrequenz der kleinen Motoneuren unverändert oder war öfters leicht gesteigert. 5. Die Steigerung der Zahl der tetanisierten afferenten Fasern bei unveränderten Reizfrequenzen verursachte eine Abnahme des Entladungsrates der kleinen tonischen Motoneuren oder wandelte sie zu den phasischen um; die Entladungsfrequenz der großen Motoneuren wurde durch diese Prozedur gesteigert. 6. Möglichkeiten, welche die Unterschiede in Entladungsmustern der großen und kleinen Motoneuren während afferenter Tetanisationen mit verschiedenen Reizstärken und Reizfrequenzen verursachen können, werden diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary 1. Variations in repetitive firing patterns of extensor alpha motoneurones caused by afferent tetanizations at different intensity and frequencies were investigated in decerebrated cats. 2. Motoneuronal units were isolated by dividing ventral roots and tetanization of the ipsilateral gastrocnemius nerves with 100–200 Hz. The amplitude of extracellularly recorded spikes of motoneurones was used for classifying them as “large” or “small”. The number of activated afferent fibres was increased by increasing the stimulus intensity. 3. Small-amplitude motoneuronal units were always tonic; large-amplitude motoneuronal units were generally phasic, rarely tonic. The threshold for tonic firing was higher in large-amplitude units than in small-amplitude units. 4. High frequency afferent tetanization (150–200 Hz) caused depression in activities of large-amplitude motoneuronal units; discharge frequencies of small-amplitude motoneuronal units remained unchanged or were often slightly increased during such stimulations. 5. Increasing the number of afferent fibres tetanized at unchanged frequencies caused a decrease in firing rates of tonically discharging small-amplitude motoneuronal units or changed them to a phasic type of motoneurones; discharge frequencies of large-amplitude motoneuronal units were increased by this procedure. 6. Possibilities which can cause the differences in firing patterns of small- and large-amplitude motoneuronal units during afferent tetanizations at various stimulus intensities and frequencies are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00586793
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The lateral cervical nucleus in the cat (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 115 (1971), S. 377-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Lateral cervical nucleus ; Cat ; Quantitative study ; Ultrastructural investigation-Neuron
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Profiles of 14 neurons all sectioned through the nucleolar plane and 87 isolated dendritic profiles have been analyzed with respect to the surface area covered by boutons and astroglial processes. This analysis has revealed two different types of neurons within the lateral cervical nucleus (LCN) of the cat. The cell types also differ in other ultrastructural respects. One type, which probably consists of projection neurons, is characterized by a rather large size, a relatively small nucleus, numerous mitochondria, well developed granular and agranular endoplasmic reticulum. The cell membrane of these cells shows somatic spines and the perikaryon is covered with boutons to a mean extent of 42%. The other cell type, which probably is internuncial, is smaller, has a proportionally larger nucleus, few mitochondria and a poorly developed granular and agranular endoplasmic reticulum. These cells show no somatic spines and the perikaryal membrane is covered with boutons to an extent of about 10%. Also the bouton populations contacting the two cell types differ from one another. The proportion of internuncial neurons within the LCN has been estimated to about 8%. The internuncial neurons seem to have no preferential localization. The primary dendrites of the projection neurons have a bouton covering of about 48%. No proportional differences in covering could be revealed between different sizes of dendrites. The results are discussed in relation to what is known about the anatomical and physiological organization of the LCN, and also compared with the results obtained in other similar investigations on other parts of the central nervous system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00324940
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The synaptic organization in the medial geniculate body of afferent fibres ascending from the inferior colliculus (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 113 (1971), S. 44-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ventral nucleus of medial geniculate body-Synaptic patterns ; Experimental degeneration ; Collicular afferents ; Cell laminae ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ventral nucleus of the medial geniculate body has been examined electron microscopically 2–5 days after destruction of the inferior colliculus. In both the ipsi- and contralateral ventral nuclei, degenerating collicular afferents are of medium diameter (1–5 μ) and their degenerating terminals are distributed mainly to synaptic aggregations (“glomeruli”) in which they end axo-axonically and axo-dendritically. Their distribution and mode of termination indicates that these terminals belong to a class which in normal material is large, contains round synaptic vesicles and ends by means of asymmetrical synaptic complexes upon dendrites and upon the second (“pale”) type of glomerular terminal. It also ends by means of “adhesion plaques” on the same dendrites. As the terminals of corticothalamic afferents to the nucleus are already known, only the origin of two types remains to be determined: the pale terminals, which arise from structures resembling dendrites and which end only axo-dendritically, and a small, less common terminal which ends axo-axonically, axo-dendritically and axo-somatically. Both types contain flattened synaptic vesicles and end by means of symmetrical synaptic complexes. Correlative Nauta and Golgi studies suggest that the collicular afferents have a very specific spatial distribution within the cellular laminae composing the ventral nucleus. The terminal degeneration commences as a neurofilamentous hyperplasia and quickly passes to one of increased electron density. There is evidence for early removal of degenerating terminals from the postsynaptic membrane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00331201
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Glomera coronaria der Katze (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 118 (1971), S. 532-554 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Glomera coronaria ; Cat ; Chemoreceptor cell ; Blood supply ; Synapses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Gefäße der zwischen Aorta ascendens und Truncus pulmonalis, an der Vorder- und Hinterwand des Truncus pulmonalis gelegenen Glomera, sowie das sogenannte „Glomus pulmonale“ der Katze lassen sich von den Coronararterien aus durch Tusche-Gelatine-Lösungen füllen. Die erwähnten Paraganglien sind als Chemoreceptorenfelder dem Coronarkreislauf angeschlossen und daher als Glomera coronaria zu bezeichnen. Licht- und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen ergaben eine morphologische Übereinstimmung mit dem Glomus caroticum. Vagusdurchtrennungen verursachen eine Degeneration der an den Glomuszellen gelegenen synaptischen Formationen sowie Veränderungen in Glomuszellen.
    Notes: Summary The vessels of the glomera that lie between the aorta and the pulmonary trunk, on the anterior and posterior wall of the pulmonary trunk, as well as the so-called glomus pulmonale of the cat have been injected with gelatine-india ink mixture. The paraganglia mentioned above are associated with the coronary circulation as chemoreceptors and are designated as the glomera coronaria. The investigations demonstrate a morphologic similarity with the glomus caroticum. Section of the vagus causes a degeneration of the synaptic structures on the glomus cells as well as changes in the cells themselves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00324619
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of estrogen on the cat hypothalamus (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 117 (1971), S. 76-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypothalamus ; Cat ; Estrogen effects ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In this study the ultrastructural features of tissue from the posterior hypothalamic area were investigated. Ovariectomized cats which were either treated with sesame oil placebo or with estrogen for varying periods of time were used. The following observations were noted. 1. The cat that was treated with placebo one month after ovariectomy showed an increase in the number of dense core (granulated) vesicles within neuronal cytoplasm. This observation was not apparent in the cats which were treated with estrogen one month after ovariectomy. 2. In the cat that had been Ovariectomized for two months before treatment with placebo was initiated, axon terminals contained more dense core vesicles than were observed in axonal endings from estrogen-treated cats in the two month ovariectomy group. 3. The tissue from cats that were continuously treated with estrogen for one month after ovariectomy displayed dense-core vesicles in both somata and neuropil. It is suggested that the ultrastructural changes observed were dependent on both the time of initiation and the length of estrogen treatment. 4. It is concluded that the preliminary observations in this study provide anatomical evidence suggesting that estrogen level in the cat may affect the functional activity of the posterior hypothalamic area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00331103
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über die Bedeutung des Narkoticums für funktionelle Untersuchungen an der Katzenharnblase (1971)
    Springer
    Clinical and experimental medicine 155 (1971), S. 187-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1591-9528
    Keywords: Chloralose ; Urethane ; Bladder function ; Isometric determinations ; Cat ; Chloralose ; Urethan ; Blasenfunktion ; Isometrische Untersuchungen ; Katze
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei isometrischen Untersuchungen von Funktionsabläufen an Katzenharnblasen wurde bei 10 mit Urethan und 49 mit Chloralose narkotisierten Tieren eine eindeutige Dämpfung der Blasenfunktion durch Urethan gefunden. Diese trat bereits ab 50 mg Urethan/kg i.v. auf. Für funktionelle Untersuchungen des Blasenwandmuskels wird daher Chloralose 60 mg/kg i.p. empfohlen.
    Notes: Summary The influence of two anaesthetic agents (urethane and chloralose) on isometrically determined bladder function was compared in the cat. Even if the animal still showed pronounced muscle reflexes urethane (50 mg/kg and more) clearly impaired bladder function in the phase of collection and also the micturition reflex. Chloralose, even when applied in an anaesthetic dose (60 mg/kg i.p.) did not influence bladder function whatsoever. For this reason chloralose is preferable as an anaesthetic agent in functional experiments on the detrusor muscle of the cat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02047607
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040101
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonactinsäure-Diastereomere und 2-Desmethyl-nonactinsäure-Epimere (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 21-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Diastereomers of Nonactin Acid and Epimers of 2-Desmethylnonactin AcidNonactin acid 8a was prepared in only four reaction steps starting from the furan 3a. - In an attempt to prepare nonactin acid by intramolecular cyclisation of 13, the tetrahydropyran 15 was obtained in addition to the desired tetrahydrofuran 14. Treatment of 14 + 15 with sodium cyanide under the conditions of the Kolbe reaction led to the formation of the isomeric acids 16 + 17.
    Notes: Ausgehend von dem Furan 3a gelangt man in vier Reaktionsschritten zur Nonactinsäure 8a, einem 2.5-disubstituierten Tetrahydrofuran. - Beim Versuch der Darstellung von Nonactinsäure durch intramolekulare Cyclisierung von 13 entstand neben dem gewünschten Tetrahydrofuran 14 durch Ringerweiterung auch das Tetrahydropyran 15. Die Umwandlung von 14 + 15 mit Natriumcyanid nach Kolbe führte zu den stellungsisomeren Säuren 16 + 17.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040105
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über Signalverschiebungen in den NMR-Spektren von tert.-Butyl-, tert.-Butyloxy- und Nitro-tert.-butyl-benzolderivaten durch aromatische Lösungsmittel (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 40-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Aromatic Solvent Induced Shifts (ASIS) in the N.M.R. Spectra of tert-Butyl-, tert-Butoxy-and Nitro(tert-butyl)benzene DerivativesThe n.m.r. spectra of aromatic tert-butyl and tert-butoxy groups which are not separated in CCl4 may always be resolved in benzene and pyridine solution. In some cases (e. g. 15) assignements for these signals are obtained empirically from their solvent shifts. The signals of the aromatic protons in 2.6- and 3.4-dinitro-1-tert-butylbenzene show remarkable solvent effects (CCl4→C6D6) which cannot be explained by the 1:1 complex models. The shifts induced by aromatic solvents must originate rather from the time average over all orientations of the anisotropic molecules in the nearest solvent schell. The interpretation of such solvent shifts should be based on values derived from an absolute standard.
    Notes: In CCl4 nicht getrennte NMR-Signale für aromatisch gebundene tert.-Butyl- und tert.-Butyloxygruppen werden in Benzol und Pyridin stets aufgelöst und können in bestimmten Fällen (z. B. 15) an Hand der Lösungsmittelabhängigkeit empirisch zugeordnet werden. Die Ringprotonensignale bei 2.6- und 3.4-Dinitro-1-tert.-butyl-benzol zeigen beim Lösungsmittelwechsel CCl4→C6D6 sehr unterschiedliche und z. T. sehr starke Verschiebungen, die nicht mit dem Modell spezifischer 1:1-Komplexe erklärt werden können. Die Wirkung des aromatischen Lösungsmittels muß vielmehr durch das Zeitmittel über alle Orientierungen aller anisotroper Moleküle in der engsten Solvathülle zustandekommen. Auf die Verwendung eines absoluten Standards bei der Deutung von Lösungsmitteleffekten in der NMR-Spektroskopie wird hingewiesen.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040107
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthese des 7-β-Neohesperidosyl-4′-β-D-glucopyranosylnaringenins, eines Flavanontriglykosids aus Citrusfrüchten (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 473-478 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis of 7-β-Neohesperidosyl-4′-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)naringenin, a Flavanone Triglycoside from Citrus FruitsThe glycoside 7-β-neohesperidosyl-4′-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)naringenin (3), isolated from the segments of Citrus paradisi Macf, by Mizelle et al., was synthesized by condensation of phloracetophenone 4-β-neohesperidoside (1) with 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde 4-β-D-glucopyranoside (2) and by cyclisation of the resulting chalkone glykoside. Dehydrogenation of the flavanone triglykoside undecaacetate and subsequent saponification leads to the formation of 7-β-neohesperidosyl-4′-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)apigenin (7), the first synthetic apigenin triglycoside.
    Notes: Das von Mizelle und Mitarbb. aus Citrus paradisi Macf. isolierte 7-β-Neohesperidosyl-4′-β-D-glucopyranosyl-naringenin (3) wurde durch Kondensation von Phloracetophenon-4-β-neohesperidosid (1) mit 4-Hydroxy-benzaldehyd-4-β-D-glucopyranosid (2) und Cyclisierung des entstandenen Chalkonglykosids synthetisiert. Durch Dehydrierung des Flavanontriglykosid-undecaacetats (3a) wurde nach Verseifen das 7-β-Neohesperidosyl-4′-β-D-glucopyranosyl-apigenin (7) als erstes synthetisches Apigenintriglykosid dargestellt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040216
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  • 28
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    Electronic Resource
    Theoretische und spektroskopische Untersuchungen an Indigofarbstoffen, XI. Verbindungen mit dem Thioindigogrundchromophorsystem: Darstellung und Eigenschaften von 3.4-Bis-alkylmercaptohexen-(3)-dionen-(2.5) (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 492-512 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Theoretical and Spectroscopic Investigations of Indigo Dyes, XI. Compounds with the Basic Chromophore of Thioindigo: Preparation and Properties of 3.4-Bis(alkylthio)hex-3-ene-2.5-dionesThe nucleophilic exchange of halogen in trans-3.4-dibromo- and -3.4-dichlorohex-3-ene-2.5-dione (4 and 5) with alkanethiols is studied. With bromine as leaving group substitution and reductive debromination leads to the formation of trans-3-methylthiohex-3-ene-2.5-dione (7a). With chlorine the expected trans-3.4-bis(alkylthio)hex-3-ene-2.5-diones (6a-c) are formed. These have the same structure and geometry as the basic chromophore of thioindigo, but they do not show the corresponding typical chemical and spectroscopic properties. They rather behave spectroscopically like β-alkylthio-α,β-unsaturated ketones. Conformation and spectroscopic properties of 6a-e are discussed with respect to the sterical requirements of the different groups at the sulfur atoms.
    Notes: Der Austausch der beiden Halogenatome von trans-3.4-Dibrom- und -3.4-Dichlor-hexen-(3)-dion-(2.5) (4 und 5) gegen Alkylmercaptane wird untersucht. Mit Brom als Abgangsgruppe erfolgt neben einfachem Austausch quantitativ eine reduktive Entbromierung zu trans-3-Methylmercapto-hexen-(3)-dion-(2.5) (7a), während mit Chlor als Abgangsgruppe zweifacher Austausch zu trans-3.4-Bis-alkylmercapto-hexen-(3)-dionen-(2.5) (6a-e) stattfindet. Diese zeigen nicht die spektroskopischen und chemischen Eigenschaften, die man für dieses - in der Verknüpfung ihrer funktionellen Gruppen dem Thioindigogrundchromophor entsprechende - System erwartet, sondern sie verhalten sich wie einfache β-alkylmercapto-α,β-ungesättigte Ketone. Die Abhängigkeit der Konformation und der spektroskopischen Eigenschaften von der Größe der Alkylreste am Schwefel wird diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040218
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beiträge zur Chemie des Bors, LIV. Chemische Eigenschaften von Tris(2.2-dimethyl-hydrazino)-boran (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 549-557 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Contributions to the Chemistry of Boron, LIV. Chemical Properties of Tris(2.2-dimethylhydrazino)boraneIn contrast to the ready cleavage of BN-bonds in tris(dialkylamino)boranes by BCl3, (BH3)2, HCl or CH3J the prefered reactions of these acids with tris(2.2-dimethylhydrazino)borane (1) are additions. Due to the greater basicity of the dimethylamino group as compared to the NH moiety, additions occur at the group (CH3)2N before the group NH is attacked. Solvolysis of B[NH—N(CH3)2]3 (1) by H2O or C2H5OH yields (CH3)2 N—NH2 and B(OH)3 or B(OC2H5)3, respectively, but no mixed compounds XnB[NH—N(CH3)2]3 n are formed in these reactions or by ligand exchange with B(OCH3)3 or B[N(CH3)2]3. 1 is stable up to 280° at higher temperature condensation with formation of N.N-dimethylhydrazine occurs.
    Notes: Während die Verbindungen BCl3, (BH3)2, HCl und CH3J die B N-Bindungen von Tris(dialkylamino)-boranen spalten, lagern sie sich an Tris(2.2-dimethyl-hydrazino)-boran (1) an. Dabei erfolgt zunächst Addition an die stärker basische Dimethylaminogruppe, danach reagiert auch die schwächer basische NH-Gruppe. Solvolysen von 1 mit H2O und C2H5OH oder Komproportionierungen mit B(OCH3)3 oder B[N(CH3)2]3 führen nicht zu gemischten Verbindungen XnB[NH—N(CH3)2]3 n(X—OH, OR, N(CH3)2). Im Vergleich zu Tris(alkylamino)-boranen ist 1 thermisch sehr stabil. Erst oberhalb 280° spaltet sich N,N-Dimethylhydrazin ab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040225
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über o- und p-Dicyanmethylen-chinocyclopropene Synthese, Bildungsmechanismen und Eigenschaften (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 605-638 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: o- and p-(Dicyanomethylene)quinocyclopropenes. Synthesis, Mechanisms of Formation and Propertieso- and p-quinocyclopropenes of the benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, and fluorene series (9, 12-15, 29, 30b, 37, 38) are prepared a) by thermolysis of 1:1 adducts of 3-ethoxy-1.2-diaryl-cyclopropenylium cations 6 and arylmalodinitrile anions, b) by reaction of diarylcyclopropenones with arylmalodinitriles in acetic anhydride. The reaction mechanisms suggested by isolation of intermediates are discussed. - Polarography of the quinocyclopropenes shows reversible formation of a radical cation in a one-electron step. This is in agreement with calculations according to the simple HMO model, which give satisfactory correlations with polarography, u. v. and i. r. spectroscopical data.
    Notes: o- und p-Chinocyclopropene der Benzol-, Naphthalin-, Anthracen-, Phenanthren- und Fluorenreihe (9, 12-15, 29, 30b, 37, 38) werden dargestellt a) durch Thermolyse von 1:1-Addukten aus 3-Äthoxy-1.2-diaryl-cyclopropenylium-Kationen 6 und Arylmalodinitril-Anionen, b) durch Reaktion von Diarylcyclopropenonen und Arylmalodinitrilen in Acetanhydrid. Die sich aus der Isolierung von Zwischenprodukten ergebenden Reaktionsmechanismen werden diskutiert. - Durch polarographische Untersuchungen wird festgestellt, daß die Chinocyclopropene reversibel im Einelektronenschritt in ein Radikal-Kation übergehen. Dies wird durch Rechnungen nach dem einfachen HMO-Modell bestätigt, die befriedigende Korrelationen mit den polarographischen sowie UV- und IR-spektroskopischen Daten ergeben.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040229
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  • 31
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    Electronic Resource
    Notiz zur Darstellung von 3-Amino-acroleinen (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 665-667 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040234
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  • 32
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    Notiz zur Tritium-Markierung der Acetylgruppen von Polyolacetaten durch Tritium-Wasser in Pyridin mit technischem Silber(I)-fluorid (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 668-670 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040235
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  • 33
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    Über Reaktionsprodukte der Bromierung von Kohlenwasserstoffen in flüssigem Brom (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 71-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Studies on the Bromination of Hydrocarbons in Liquid BromineThe bromination of aliphatic hydrocarbons in liquid bromine in the presence of catalytic amounts of hydrobromic acid is described. Hydrocarbons with neighbouring tertiary carbon atoms and tetraalkylated ethylenes give definite bromination products. From the corresponding hydrocarbons were obtained 1.4-Dibromo-2.3-bis(bromomethyl)but-2-ene (1), 1.4.5-Tribromo-2.3-bis(bromomethyl)pent-2-ene (2), 1.4.5-Tribromo-2.3-bis(bromomethyl)-hex-2-ene (3), 1.4.5-Tribromo-2-bromomethyl-3-(α.β-dibromoethyl)pent-2-ene (4), and 1.4.5.8-Tetrabromo-Δ4a(8a)-octalin (5).
    Notes: Bei der Bromierung in flüssigem Brom in Gegenwart katalytischer Mengen Bromwasserstoffsäure bilden aliphatische Kohlenwasserstoffe mit benachbarten tertiären Kohlenstoffatomen und tetraalkylierte Äthylene definierte Bromierungsprodukte. Im einzelnen werden 1.4-Dibrom-2.3-bis-brommethyl-buten-(2) (1), 1.4.5-Tribrom-2.3-bis-brommethyl-penten-(2) (2), 1.4.5-Tribrom-2.3-bis-brommethyl-hexen-(2) (3), 1.4.5-Tribrom-2-brommethyl-3-[α.β-dibromäthyl]-penten-(2) (4) und 1.4.5.8-Tetrabrom-Δ4a(8a)-octalin (5) aus den entsprechenden Kohlenwasserstoffen erhalten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040111
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    Zur Komplexchemie von Vierzentren-π-Systemen, III. Farbe, Solvatochromie und Reduktionspotentiale der 1.4-Diaza-butadien-molybdäntetracarbonyle (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 110-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Complex Chemistry of Four-Centre π-Systems, III. Colour, Solvatochromy and Reduction Potentials of (1.4-Diazabutadiene)molybdenum TetracarbonylsMolybdenum tetracarbonyl complexes of the =N=C=C=N-system (1,4-diazabutadiene=DAB) show an intense, low energy electronic transition, which is antiparallel to the ground state dipole moment; its solvent dependance is measured for 33 mostly new compounds and shows directly the amount of metal-ligand interaction, and thus of π-backbonding. The π-delocalisation of metal-D-electrons strongly depends on the substituents of the DAB-system, but the complex ground state has still molybdenum in the valence state 0. The competing mesomeric, inductiv and steric effects of the DAB ligands can be separated, too, by polarographic reduction potentials of complexes and ligands. The results can be understood in terms of simple perturbation theory.
    Notes: Molybdäncarbonyl-Komplexe des =N=C=C=N-Systems (1.4-Diaza-butadien=DAB) zeigen eine antiparallel zum Grundzustandsdipolmoment gerichtete intensive farbgebende Elektronenanregung, deren an dreiunddreißig meist neuen Verbindungen untersuchte Solvatochromie direkte Aussagen über die Größe der Metall-Ligand-Termwechselwirkung und damit über die π-Rück bindung gestattet. Die Delokalisierung der Metall-D-Elektronen ist abhängig von den Substituenten des DAB-Systems, der Komplexgrundzustand enthält aber formal 0-wertiges Molybdän. Die konkurrierenden induktiven, mesomeren und sterischen Effekte der DAB-Liganden sind in den polarographischen Reduktionspotentialen der Komplexe und Liganden selbst ebenfalls genau abgrenzbar, bestätigen die Solvatochromie-untersuchungen und lassen sich im Rahmen einfacher Störungstheorie widerspruchsfrei deuten.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040116
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    Reduktive Silylierung von Naphthalin (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 138-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reductive Silylation of NaphthaleneThe reaction of naphthalene with trimethylchlorosilane and sodium has been found to afford 1.4-bis(trimethylsilyl)-1.4-dihydro- and 1.2-bis(trimethylsilyl)-1.2-dihydronaphthalene (1, 2), whereas potassium reacts to give mainly 1.2.3.7-tetrakis(trimethylsilyl)-1.2.3.4-tetrahydro-naphthalene (3) besides 1.2.4-tris(trimethylsilyl)-1.4-dihydro-(4) and 1.2.4-tris(trimethylsilyl)-1.2-dihydronaphthalene (5). The configuration has been determined by n.m.r. spectroscopy.
    Notes: Bei der reduktiven Silylierung von Naphthalin mit Natrium und Trimethylchlorsilan werden vorwiegend nur 1.4-Bis-trimethylsilyl-1.4-dihydro- und 1.2-Bis-trimethylsilyl-1.2-dihydronaphthalin (1, 2) gebildet. Ersetzt man jedoch das Natrium durch Kalium, so erhält man 1.2.4-Tris-trimethylsilyl-1.4-dihydro- (4) sowie 1.2.4-Tris-trimethylsilyl-1.2-dihydro-naphthalin (5) und vor allem 1.2.3.7-Tetrakis-trimethylsilyl-1.2.3.4-tetrahydro-naphthalin (3). - Die Aufklärung der Konfiguration erfolgte NMR-spektroskopisch.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040118
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    Synthese und Eigenschaften der 4-Chlor- und 4-Brom-2H-chromene sowie der 3-Brom-2H-chromene (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 168-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis and Properties of 4-Chloro- and 4-Bromo-2H-chromenes and of 3-Bromo-2H-chromenesDehydrobromination of trans-3,4-dihalochromans yields the 4-halo-2H-chromenes 1-4. Dehydration of cis-3-bromo-4-hydroxychromans leads to the 3-bromo-2H-chromenes 5 and 6.
    Notes: Durch Abspaltung von Bromwasserstoff entstehen aus den trans-3.4-Dihalogen-chromanen die entsprechenden 4-Halogen-2H-chromene 1-4. Die 3-Brom-2H-chromene 5 und 6 erhält man durch Dehydratisierung der cis-3-Brom-4-hydroxy-chromane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040122
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    Vinyloge Acylverbindungen, IX. Zur Hydrolyse vinyloger Carbonamidiumsalze (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 210-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Vinylogous Acyl Compounds, IX. Hydrolysis of Vinylogous Carbonamidium SaltsThe hydrolysis of vinylogous carbonamidium salts 10 in aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution does not lead - as hitherto supposed - to meso-(2-acylvinyl)acylacetaldehydes 8, but to bis(2-acylvinyl)ethers 11. The structure of these compounds results from n. m. r. and i. r. spectra and is confirmed by independent synthesis.
    Notes: Die Hydrolyse vinyloger Carbonamidiumsalze 10 in wäßriger Natriumhydrogencarbonat-Lösung führt nicht - wie bisher angenommen - zu meso-[2-Acyl-vinyl]-acylacetaldehyden 8, sondern zu Bis-[2-acyl-vinyl]-äthern 11. Die Strukturzuordnung dieser Verbindungen gründet sich auf NMR- und IR-spektroskopische Befunde sowie auf eine unabhängige synthese.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040126
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    1.2.3-Tricarbonylverbindungen, V. Hydratbildende cyclische 1.2.3-Tricarbonylverbindungen als Dienophile in Diels-Alder-Reaktionen (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 160-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: 1.2.3-Tricarbonyl Compounds, V. Hydrate-forming 1.2.3-Tricarbonyl Compounds as Dienophiles in Diels-Alder ReactionsThe 1.2.3-tricarbonyl compounds 5-8 react as dienophiles and add isoprene or 2.3-dimethylbuta-1.3-diene to yield the spiro-dihydropyranes 9-16. I.r., mass, and n.m.r. spectra are discussed.
    Notes: Cyclische 1.2.3-Tricarbonylverbindungen (vgl. 5-8) reagieren als Dienophile mit Isopren und 2.3-Dimethyl-butadien-(1.3) unter Bildung der Spiro-dihydropyrane 9-16. Die IR- und Massenspektren der Reaktionsprodukte sowie die NMR-Spektren von 9 und 10 werden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040121
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  • 39
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    Mikrobiologische 11β-Hydroxylierung von 3β-Hydroxy-5α.6α-epoxy-steroiden (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 205-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Microbiological 11β-Hydroxylation of 3β-Hydroxy-5α.6α-epoxysteroidsSome 3β-Hydroxy-5α,6α-epoxysteroids are hydroxylated specifically in 11β-position without formation of by-products by the fungus Curvularia lunata.
    Notes: Eine Reihe von 3β-Hydroxy-5α.6α-epoxy-steroiden wird mit dem Pilz Curvularia lunata ohne Bildung von Nebenprodukten spezifisch in 11β-Stellung hydroxyliert.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040125
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  • 40
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    Isochinoline, II. 3.3-Dialkylsubstituierte 3.4-Dihydro-isochinoline aus Alkyl-aryl-cyclopropanen (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 248-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Isoquinolines, II. 3.3-Dialkyl-3.4-dihydroisoquinolines from Alkyl-aryl-cyclopropanesUnder the conditions of the Graf-Ritter reaction alkyl-aryl-cyclopropanes 8 react with nitriles 2 via dialkyl-benzyl-carbonium ions 1 to give 3.3-dialkyl-3.4-dihydroisoquinolines 3. The effect of the substituents R1, R2, and R3 in 8 on the reaction is discussed.
    Notes: Alkyl-aryl-cyclopropane 8 reagieren unter den Bedingungen der Graf-Ritter-Reaktion über Dialkyl-benzyl-carboniumionen 1 mit Nitrilen 2 zu 3.3-dialkylsubstituierten 3.4-Dihydroisochinolinen 3. Der Einfluß der Substituenten R1, R2 und R3 in 8 auf den Reaktionsverlauf wird besprochen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040129
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    Synthetische Arbeiten in der Reihe der aromatischen Erythrina-Alkaloide, XVIII. Zur Existenz von trans-Erythrinanen (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 270-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Syntheses of Aromatic Erythrina-Alkaloids, XVIII. Concerning the Existence of trans-ErythrinanesWolff-Kishner reduction of the 6α-bromo-ketolactam 2 affords, among other products, the 6β-hydroxyerythrinane-8-one 8. This is the first compound of the trans-erythrinane series.
    Notes: Bei der Wolff-Kishner-Reduktion des 6α-Brom-ketolactams 2 entsteht neben anderen Produkten auch das 6β-Hydroxy-erythrinanon-(8) 8, der erste Vertreter der trans-Erythrinan-Reihe.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040132
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    Ionisation von Organomagnesium-Verbindungen, IV. Bildung von Carbanionen aus Organomagnesium-Verbindungen bei Einwirkung von Hexamethylphosphorsäuretriamid (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 320-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Ionization of Organomagnesium Compounds, IV. Formation of Carbanions from Organomagnesium Compounds by Means of Hexamethyl-phosphortriamideStepwise addition of hexamethylphosphortriamide (HMPT) to the solutions of benzyl-like organomagnesium compounds in diethylether results in drastic changes which can be observed spectroscopically. First, the absorption maxima are shifted to longer wave lengths in an apparently continuous manner, until two equivalents of the strongly donating cosolvent have been added. Further addition of HMPT leads to ionization of the C—Mg-bonds. This can be seen from the development of new bands characteristic of the carbanions, as represented by the alkali metal derivatives.
    Notes: Der Zusatz von Hexamethylphosphorsäuretriamid (HMPT) zu den ätherischen Lösungen von benzylartigen Organomagnesium-Verbindungen führt zu drastischen, spektral beobachtbaren Veränderungen. Zunächst tritt eine scheinbar kontinuierliche Verschiebung der Absorptionsmaxima nach längeren Wellen ein, bis zwei Äquivalente des starken Donor-Solvens zugesetzt sind. Weitere Zugabe von HMPT führt zur Ionisation der C—Mg-Bindungen und Freisetzung der betreffenden Carbanionen, die sich durch das Aufkommen der (von den Alkalimetall-Verbindungen bekannten) Carbanion-Banden zu erkennen gibt.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040137
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    Notiz zur Herstellung des monomeren Formaldehyd-phenylhydrazons (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 343-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040139
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    Notiz über die Struktur des aus Chromon und Oxalylchlorid gebildeten „Ketochlorids“ (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 350-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040142
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  • 45
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    Photochemie kleiner Ringe, 23. Carbena-cyclopentadiene und Acetylen-carbonester. Photochemische Synthese von Benzindenen und Spirocyclopropenen (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 391-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Photochemistry of Small Rings, 23. Carbenacyclopentadienes and Alkynes. - Photochemical Synthesis of Benzindenes and SpirocyclopropenesPhotolysis of phenyl-substituted diazocyclopentadienes 3 in alkynes leads via the intermediate carbenacyclopentadienes to the formation of 1H-benz[e]indenes 5. 5c was degraded to the known compound 3-phenyl-2.3-dihydro-1H-benz[e]indene (8). - On irradiation 3a, f in dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate yield the spiro[2.4]heptatrienes 9 instead of 5. 9a was rearranged by further irradiation to the benz[e]indene 5f. - The mechanism of the benzindene formation is discussed.
    Notes: Die Photolyse phenyl-substituierter Diazo-cyclopentadiene 3 in Alkinen führt über die Carbena-cyclopentadiene zu 1H-Benz[e]indenen 5. 5c wurde zum bekannten 3-Phenyl-2.3-dihydro-1H-benz[e]inden (8) abgebaut. - Die Bestrahlung von 3a, f in Acetylendicarbonester ergab jedoch nicht 5, sondern die Spiro[2.4]heptatriene 9. 9a wird durch weitere Belichtung in das Benz[e]inden 5f umgelagert. - Der Mechanismus der Benzinden-Bildung wird diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040206
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    Michael-Additionen mit β-Aryl-acrylsäureestern: Die Synthese von 3-Aryl-2.2-bis-äthoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidonen-(5) (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 421-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Michael Additions with Ethyl β-Arylacrylates: The Synthesis of 3-Aryl-2.2-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)-5-pyrrolidonesThe Michael reaction of ethyl β-arylacrylates with diethyl acetaminomalonate followed by cyclisation directly yielded the 3-aryl-2.2-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)-5-pyrrolidones (4).
    Notes: β-Aryl-acrylsäure-äthylester werden mit Acetamino-malonsäure-diäthylester nach Michael unter nachfolgender Cyclisierung direkt zu 3-Aryl-2.2-bis-äthoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidonen-(5) (4) umgesetzt.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040210
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    Übergangsmetallchalkogenverbindungen Über Diphenyldithiophosphinato-Komplexe von Vanadin(III), Vanadin(IV) und Molybdän(VI) (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 461-472 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Transition Metal Chalcogen Compounds Diphenyldithiophosphinato Complexes of Vanadium(III), Vanadium(IV) and Molybdenum(VI)The preparation and properties of the compounds [(C6H5)2PS2]2MoO2 (3), [(C6H5)2PS2]2-VO (4) and [(C6H5)2PS2]3 V (5) are described. Their vibrational and electronic spectra are reported. The parameters 10 Dq = 13 200/cm and B = 395/cm were calculated from the electronic spectrum of the vanadium(III) compound.
    Notes: Die Darstellung und Eigenschaften der Verbindungen [(C6H5)2PS2]2MoO2 (3), [(C6H5)2PS2]2-VO (4) und [(C6H5)2PS2]3 V (5) werden beschrieben. Die Schwingungs- und Elektronenspektren werden mitgeteilt und letztere mit der Kristallfeldtheorie interpretiert. Für die Vanadin(III)-Verbindung lassen sich aus den Übergängen ν1(3T1g→3T2g) und ν2(3T1g(F) → 3T1g(P)) die Werte für 10 Dq 13200/cm und B 395/cm berechnen.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040215
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    Die Reaktion von Borstickstoffverbindungen mit im Lichtbogen angeregten Kohlenstoffatomen (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 513-518 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The Reaction of Boron-Nitrogen Compounds with Excited Carbon Atoms Generated in an ArcThe interaction of carbon vapor from a carbon are with dimethylaminoborane, (CH3)2N—BH2 (1), yields as the main reaction product (dimethylamino)methylborane, (CH3)2 N—BH—CH3 (3), which combines with the starting material to form the four-membered ring compound 5. Other compounds formed in this reaction are (dimethylamino)dimethylborane, (CH3)2N—B(CH3)2 (2), and dimethylaminborane, (CH3)2NH—BH3, as well as the previously unknown compound (CH3)2N—BH—O—BH—N(CH3)2 (6), which could be isolated.
    Notes: Die Reaktion von im Lichtbogen erzeugten Kohlenstoffatomen mit Dimethylaminoboran, (CH3)2N—BH2 (1), ergibt als Hauptreaktionsprodukt das Dimethylamino-methylboran, (CH3)2N—BH—CH3 (3), das sich mit dem Ausgangsmaterial zur Vierringverbindung 5 umsetzt. Weiterhin findet man Dimethylamino-dimethylboran, (CH3)2N—B(CH3)2 (2) und Dimethylamin-boran, (CH3)2NH—BH3. Schließlich kann die bisher noch nicht bekannte Verbindung (CH3)2N—BH—O—BH—N(CH3)2 (6) isoliert werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040219
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    Ein einfacher Weg zu azidverbrückten Palladium- und Platin(II)-Komplexen (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 528-532 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: A Simple Pathway to Azide-Bridged Palladium and Platinum(II) ComplexesSalts of azide-bridged dimeric cations are prepared in quantitative yields by reaction of the monomeric diazido complexes (Ph3P)2 M(N3)2 with nitrosyl- or triethyloxonium salts, and diethyl sulfate, respectively.
    Notes: Salze der azidverbrückten dimeren Kationen entstehen in praktisch quantitativer Ausbeute durch Umsetzung der monomeren Diazidokomplexe (Ph3P)2 M(N3)2 mit Nitrosyl- oder Triäthyloxonium-Salzen bzw. mit Diäthylsulfat.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040222
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    Beiträge zur Chemie des Bors, LV. Intramolekulare Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen in (2.2-Dimethyl-hydrazino)-boranen (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 558-576 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Contributions to the Chemistry of Boron, LV. Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding in (2.2-Dimethylhydrazino)boranesN. m. r. spectroscopic investigations on (2.2-dimethylhydrazino)boranes demonstrate the presence of intramolecular hydrogen bonds in these compounds, and this is further proved by comparison with isopropylaminoboranes. The planar configuration of B[NH—N(CH3)2]3 and B2[NH—N(CH3)2]4 is determined by this bonding. The N—H … N bond energy has been estimated as ∼2.5 kcal/mole from the temperature dependence of the n. m. r. spectra. Intermolecular association is indicated in the compounds R2B—NH—N(CH3)2. - The basicity towards the acid CDCl3 decreases in the isopropylaminoborane series for (2.2-dimethylhydrazino)boranes the series has been found confirming the effects of intramolecular hydrogen bonding.
    Notes: Kernresonanzspektroskopische Untersuchungen an (2.2-Dimethyl-hydrazino)-boranen belegen durch Vergleich mit Isopropylamino-boranen intramolekulare Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen. Diese sind insbesondere für B[NH—N(CH3)2]3 und B2[NH—N(CH3)2]4 konfigurationsbestimmend. Ihre Bindungsenergie beträgt ∼2.5 kcal/Mol. In R2B—NH—N(CH3)2 erfolgt Assoziation über intermolekulare N—H … N-Bindungen, die in Lösung leicht aufbrechen. - Basizitätsbestimmungen mit der Referenzsäure CDCl3 ergeben die Reihe für die Isopropylamino-borane, jedoch für die (2.2-Dimethyl-hydrazino)-borane in Übereinstimmung mit den durch intramolekulare Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen bewirkten Effekten.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040226
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    Über die Struktur der Thioamide und ihrer Derivate, XI. NMR-Spektroskopische Untersuchungen und Mechanismus der Isomerisierung von Thioamid-Anionen (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 4-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Structure of Thioamides and their Derivatives, XI. N.M.R-Spectroscopic Studies and the Mechanism of Isomerization of Thioamide anionsIn the n. m. r. spectra of thioformamide anions 2 a larger trans long-range coupling constant is observed than in the spectra of the corresponding thioformamides 1. In spite of this spectral evidence indicating that 2 has the stronger partial double bond character, 2 isomerizes faster than 1. This suggests that isomerization proceeds via an inversion mechanism, an assumption which is verified by the steric effects of o-substituents in thioformanilide anions 4. On the other hand, in the case of thioformanilides 3 a rotation mechanism is observed.
    Notes: In den NMR-Spektren von Thioformamid-Anionen 2 wird eine größere trans-Fernkopplungskonstante als in den entsprechenden Thioformamiden 1 gefunden. Trotz des daraus zu folgernden größeren Doppelbindungscharakters wird bei 2 eine schnellere Isomerisierung als bei 1 beobachtet. Der dadurch nahegelegte Inversionsmechanismus wird durch den sterischen Einfluß von o-Substituenten in den Thioformanilid-Anionen 4 belegt, während für die Thioformanilide 3 ein Rotationsmechanismus gefunden wird.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040103
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    Cycloadditionen mit Carbodiimiden, 1. Substituenteneinflüsse bei der Cycloaddition von Ketenen an Carbodiimide (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 50-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Cycloadditions with Carbodiimides, 1. Influences of Substituents in the Cycloaddition of Ketenes to CarbodiimidesCarbodiimides and ketenes yield 4-imino-2-azetidinones (1-14) in a cycloaddition reaction. Aliphatic carbodiimides show higher reactivity than aromatic carbodiimides. In mixed aliphatic-aromatic substituted carbodiimides, therefore, preferentially one of the C=N bonds undergoes reaction. The structures of the resulting compounds were confirmed by chemical transformations, i.r., and n.m.r. spectra.
    Notes: Carbodiimide gehen mit Ketenen Cycloadditionen zu 4-Imino-azetidinonen-(2) (1-14) ein. Aliphatisch substituierte Carbodiimide sind reaktiver als aromatisch substituierte. Bei aliphatisch-aromatisch substituierten Carbodiimiden gelingt es daher, bevorzugt eine der beiden C=N-Doppelbindungen zur Reaktion zu bringen. Die Konstitutionen der 4-Iminoazetidinone-(2) ergeben sich aus IR- und NMR-Spektren in Verbindung mit chemischen Umwandlungen.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040108
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  • 53
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    Über höhere Ringsysteme mit den strukturellen Merkmalen des Diamantgitters, 1. Enamin-Bildung und Ringangliederung beim Bicyclo[3.3.1]nonandion-(3.7) (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 75-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Higher Ring Systems with the Structural Characteristics of the Diamond-type Lattice, 1. Enamine Formation and Ring Fusion in the Case of Bicyclo[3,3,1]nonane-3,7-dioneBicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-3.7-dione can be condensed with pyrrolidine to form 1.3-dipyrrolidino-2-oxaadamantane. From this system the mono- and bis-pyrrolidinoenamine of bicyclo[3.3.1]-nonane-3.7-dione (3,5) can be obtained. The reaction of the bis-enamine 3 with ethyl bromomethylacrylate leads to the pentacycle 4.
    Notes: Bicyclo[3.3.1]nonandion-(3.7) (1) kann mit Pyrrolidin zum 1.3-Dipyrrolidino-2-oxa-adamantan (2) kondensiert werden. Aus diesem System sind das Mono- und Bis-pyrrolidin-Enamin des Bicyclo[3.3.1]nonandions-(3.7) (3.5) erhältlich. Über das Bis-Enamin 3 kann mit α-Brom-methyl-acrylsäure-äthylester der Pentacyclus 4 auf gebaut werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040112
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  • 54
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    Kupfer(I)-diazabutadien-halogenide (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 92-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Copper(I)-diazabutadiene Halides1,4-Diazabuta-1,3-dienes react with cuprous halides to form strongly coloured, monomeric 1:1 adducts 2-11, 16-20, 24, 25, containing copper with threefold coordination. This coordination number determines the spectroscopic behaviour. While diazabutadiene complexes of other metals in low oxidation states show a long-wavelength absorption with strong metal-to-ligand CT character, in the copper complexes 2-11, 16-20, 24, 25 the metal terms are about equally important in the ground and excited state without showing the typical solvatochromism and the extremely high intensity of the chromogenic transition.
    Notes: 1.4-Diaza-butadiene-(1.3) bilden mit Kupfer(I)-halogeniden stark farbige, monomere 1:1-Komplexe 2-11, 16-20, 24, 25 mit dreifach koordiniertem Kupfer. Diese Koordination bestimmt das elektronenspektroskopische Verhalten. Während in Diazabutadien-Komplexen anderer Metalle in niedrigen Oxydationsstufen die längstwellige Absorption sehr starken Metall-Ligand-charge-transfer-Charakter hat, fehlt hier bei etwa gleich starker Beteiligung von Metalltermen im Grundzustand und angeregten Zustand die typische Solvatochromie und die extrem hohe Intensität des farbgebenden Übergangs.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040115
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    Reindarstellung und NMR-Spektren von Trimethyl-allyliden- und -benzyliden-phosphoran (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 145-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation and N.M.R. Spectra of Trimethyl(allylidene)- and -(benzylidene)phosphoraneThe title compounds (1 and 2) have been prepared in a pure state for the first time. Their 1H n. m. r. spectra could be completely analysed and the data obtained are taken as evidence for a delocalisation of the ylidic carbanionic charge into the π-system.
    Notes: Trimethyl-allyliden- und -benzyliden-phosphoran (1 und 2) wurden erstmals rein dargestellt. Die 1H-NMR-Spektren ließen sich vollständig analysieren und im Sinne einer Delokalisierung der negativen Ladung in das π-System deuten.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040119
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  • 56
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    Umsetzung von phosphororganischen CH-aciden Verbindungen mit Schiffschen Basen in Gegenwart saurer und alkalischer Katalysatoren, V. Umsetzung von Propyl-benzyl-phosphinsäureestern in Gegenwart von Natriumamid (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 173-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reaction of Organophosphorus CH-acidic Compounds with Schiff Bases in the Presence of Acid and Alkaline Catalysts, V. Reaction of Esters of Propylbenzylphosphinic Acid in the Presence of Sodium AmideThe reaction of esters 1 of propylbenzylphosphinic acid with Schiff bases 2 in the presence of sodium amide has been studied. In ether at -33° esters of (2-arylamino-1,2-diarylethyl)-propylphosphinic acids (3 and 4) are obtained in 20-81% yields. In ether at 10° and in liquid ammonia small amounts of trans-olefins (5) are formed along with the adducts 3 and 4 (the yields of which decrease). The reactivity of 1 is compared with that of the esters of benzyl-phosphonic acid, and the mechanism of the reaction of 1 with 2 is discussed.
    Notes: Bei der Umsetzung der Propyl-benzyl-phosphinsäureester 1 mit Schiffschen Basen 2 in Gegenwart von Natriumamid entstehen in Äther bei -33° Ester der [2-Arylamino-1.2-diaryläthyl]-propyl-phosphinsäuren (3 und 4) in 20-81 proz. Ausbeute. In Äther bei 10°, in geringem Umfang auch in flüssigem Ammoniak, bilden sich neben den verringert auftretenden Addukten 3 und 4 auch noch trans-Olefine (5). Die Reaktionsfähigkeit von 1 im Vergleich zu den Benzylphosphonsäureestern sowie der Mechanismus ihrer Umsetzung mit 2 werden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040123
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    cis- und trans-3.3′-Dimethoxy-5.5′-di-tert.-butyl-diphenochinon-(4.4′) (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 220-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: cis- and trans-3.3′-Dimethoxy-5.5′-di-tert-butyldiphenoquinone-(4.4′)The two geometric isomers of 3.3′-dimethoxy-5.5′-di-tert-butyldiphenoquinone-(4.4′) (1) were isolated. The configurational assignment was made on the basis of n.m.r. spectra and the X-ray diffraction pattern from single crystals. The free enthalpy of activation for the cis/trans-isomerisation was determined. -p-Diphenoquinones with different substituents in both rings, which were needed as model compounds, could be prepared for the first time.
    Notes: Die beiden geometrischen Isomeren des 3.3′-Dimethoxy-5.5′-di-tert.-butyl-diphenochinons-(4.4′) (1) wurden isoliert. Die Konfigurationszuordnung gelang anhand der NMR-Spektren sowie von Einkristall-Röntgenaufnahmen. Die Freie Aktivierungsenthalpie der cis/trans-Isomerisierung wurde bestimmt. -p-Diphenochinone mit verschiedenen Substituenten in beiden Ringen, als Vergleichssubstanzen benötigt, konnten erstmals dargestellt werden.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040127
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    Durch Lewis-Säuren ausgelöste reduktive Umlagerungen vom Retrobenzilsäure-Typ, VI. Kreuzungsversuche (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 290-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reductive Rearrangements of the Retrobenzilic Acid Type Induced by Lewis Acids, VI. Crossing ExperimentsBy a series of crossing experiments the reductive retrobenzilic acid rearrangements of 5,5-diaryldithiohydantoins (1) and 4,4-diaryl-2-imidazoline-5-thiones (3), induced by aluminium chloride and yielding the corresponding 4,5-diaryl-4-imidazoline-2-thiones (2) and 4,5-diarylimidazoles (4), respectively, were shown to proceed intramolecularly.
    Notes: Durch eine Serie von Kreuzungsversuchen wird der intramolekulare Verlauf der durch Aluminiumchlorid ausgelösten reduktiven Retrobenzilsäure-Umlagerung von 5.5-Diaryl-dithiohydantoinen (1) und 4.4-Diaryl-Δ2-imidazolin-thionen-(5) (3) zu 4.5-Diaryl-Δ4-imidazolin-thionen-(2) (2) bzw. 4.5-Diaryl-imidazolen (4) erwiesen.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040134
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    Notiz über eine neue Chromon-Synthese (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 348-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040141
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    Sind absolute asymmetrische Photosynthesen möglich? (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 353-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Are Absolute Asymmetric Photosyntheses Possible?The addition of carbenes, generated from diazoalkanes by circularly polarized light, to trimethylethylene (1) yielded optically inactive cyclopropanes. Attempts to obtain a chiral photochemical cyclodimerisation of cyclopent-1-en-3-one (4) or to reproduce two absolute asymmetric photosyntheses described earlier also failed. Thus such syntheses appear to be questionable.
    Notes: Mit zirkular polarisiertem Licht aus Diazoalkanen erzeugte Carbene lieferten bei der Reaktion mit Trimethyläthylen (1) optisch inaktive Cyclopropane. Ebenso negativ verliefen Versuche, eine chirale photochemische Cyclodimerisierung von Cyclopenten-(1)-on-(3) (4) zu erzielen oder zwei früher beschriebene absolute asymmetrische Photosynthesen zu reproduzieren. Die Möglichkeit derartiger Synthesen scheint damit in Frage gestellt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040202
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    1:1-Komplexe von Quecksilber(II)-halogeniden mit Methyldiphenylstibin (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 360-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: 1:1-Complexes of Mercuric Halides with MethyldiphenylstibineThe complexes [HgX2·SbCH3(C6H5)2]2 mit X=Cl (5), Br (6), J (7) precipitated on combination of equimolar amounts of the components in methanol or acetone solution. Dimeric, halogen-bridged structures for these complexes have been derived from infrared spectra (300-33/cm). The ligand methyldiphenylstibine (4) has been obtained in 89% yield by reaction of dijodomethylstibine (3) with phenylmagnesium bromide.
    Notes: Die Komplexe [HgX2·SbCH3(C6H5)2]2 mit X=Cl (5), Br (6), J (7) fallen bei der Vereinigung äquimolarer Mengen der Komponenten in Methanol- oder Aceton-Lösung aus. Dimere, halogenverbrückte Strukturen dieser Komplexe werden aus Infrarotspektren (300-33/cm) abgeleitet. Der Ligand Methyldiphenylstibin (4) wird durch Reaktion von Dijodmethylstibin (3) mit Phenylmagnesiumbromid in 89 proz. Ausbeute erhalten.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040203
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    Über Reaktionen von α-Halogen-ketoverbindungen mit dem Guanidin-System. II. Zur Umsetzung von ω-Brom-acetophenon mit Anilino-guanidin (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 407-411 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactions of α-Halocarbonyl Compounds with the Guanidine System. II. Reaction of ω-Bromoacetophenone with Anilinoguanidineω-Bromoacetophenone reacts with anilinoguanidine to give 2-amino-1-anilino-4-phenylimidazole (1a). On treatment with boiling hydrochloric acid 1a undergoes benzidine-like rearrangement yielding 2-amino-4(5)-phenyl-5(4)-[p-aminophenyl]-imidazole (6).
    Notes: ω-Brom-acetophenon reagiert mit Anilino-guanidin zu 2-Amino-1-anilino-4-phenyl-imidazol (1a), das durch siedende Salzsäure benzidinartig in 2-Amino-4(5)-phenyl-5(4)-[p-amino-phenyl]-imidazol (6) umgelagert wird.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040208
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    Die stereoselektive Synthese von cis-3-Aryl-2-äthoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidonen-(5) (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 429-439 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: A Stereoselective Synthesis of cis-3-Aryl-2-ethoxycarbonyl-5-pyrrolidonescis-3-Aryl-2-ethoxycarbonyl-5-pyrrolidones (6) are obtainable from 3-aryl-2,2-bis(ethoxy-carbonyl)-5-pyrrol idones(1) via their dicarboxy-derivatives (3) or their half-esters (5) by moderate stereoselective decarboxylation.
    Notes: Aus 3-Aryl-2.2-bis-äthoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidonen-(5) (1) lassen sich über die Dicarboxy-Verbindungen (3) oder über die Halbester (5) durch mäßig stereoselektive Decarboxylierung cis-3-Aryl-2-äthoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidone-(5) (6) gewinnen.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040211
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    Synthese von 5′-Mono-, 5′-Di- und 5′-Triphosphaten der Nucleoside 2.4-Dithio-uridin, 2.4-Dithio-ribothymidin, 2-Thiothymidin und 2.4-Dithio-thymidin (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 456-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The Chemical Synthesis of 2.4-Dithiopyrimidine Nucleoside-5′-mono- and -polyphosphatesThe synthesis of 2-thiothymidine-5′-phosphate (3), 2.4-dithiothymidine-5′-triphosphate (8c), 2.4-dithiouridine-5′-diphosphate (7a), 2.4-dithioribothymidine-5′-diphosphate (7b), and 2.4-dithiouridine-5′-triphosphate (8a) is reported. The behaviour in paper chromatography and paper electrophoresis as well as the phosphate content have been used as criteria of the purity.
    Notes: 2-Thio-thymidin-5′-phosphat (3), 2.4-Dithio-thymidin-5′-triphosphat (8c), 2.4-Dithio-uridin-5′-diphosphat (7a), 2.4-Dithio-ribothymidin-5′-diphosphat (7b) und 2.4-Dithio-uridin-5′-triphosphat (8a) wurden synthetisiert. Als Reinheitskriterien dienen das Verhalten in Papierchromatographie sowie Papierelektrophorese und der Phosphatgehalt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040214
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    ESR-Spektroskopische Untersuchung des Dinaphtho[2.3-c: 2′.3′-h]phenothiazinyl-Radikals (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 519-523 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: E.S.R. Investigation of the Dinaphtho[2.3-c:2′.3′-h]phenothiazinyl Radical8H-Dinaphtho[2.3-c : 2′.3′-h]phenothiazine (1), obtained by reaction of di-2-anthrylamine with sulfur, yields the stable free radical 4 by dehydrogenation. For the solid state a free radical content of 85% has been determined by e. s. r. Solutions of 4 gave a complex e. s. r. spectrum which is discussed in connection with Hückel calculations.
    Notes: Das aus 2.2′-Dianthrylamin durch Umsetzung mit Schwefel zugängliche 8H-Dinaphtho-[2.3-c: 2′.3′-h]phenothiazin (1) liefert bei der Dehydrierung das stabile freie Radikal 4. Der Radikalgehalt beträgt im Kristall nach ESR-Messungen 85%. Lösungen von 4 liefern ein linienreiches ESR-Spektrum, das im Zusammenhang mit Hückel-Rechnungen diskutiert wird.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040220
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    SO3-Einschiebungsreaktionen bei Organopentacarbonyl-rhenium(I)-Verbindungen (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 544-548 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: SO3-Insertion into Organopentacarbonylrhenium(I) CompoundsThe hitherto unknown sulfonato complexes CH3SO3ReI(CO)5 (4), C6H5SO3ReI(CO)5 (5), and p-CH3—C6H4SO3ReI (CO)5 (6) are obtained according to equation (1) by insertion of SO3 into the metal-carbon bond of CH3Re(CO)5 (1), C6H5Re(CO)5 (2), and p-CH3—C6H4Re(CO)5 (3). The composition and the structure of these compounds result from 1H n. m. r., mass, and i. r. spectroscopic investigations.
    Notes: Durch Einschiebung von SO3 in die Metall-Kohlenstoff-Bindung von CH3Re(CO)5 (1), C6H5Re(CO)5 (2) und p-CH3—C6H4Re(CO)5 (3) gelingt gemäß Gl. (1) die Darstellung der noch unbekannten Sulfonato-Komplexe CH3SO3ReI(CO)5 (4), C6H5SO3ReI(CO)5 (5) und p-CH3—C6H4SO3ReI(CO)5 (6). Die Zusammensetzung und Struktur dieser Verbindungen wurde mit Hilfe von 1H-NMR-, massen- und IR-spektroskopischen Untersuchungen ermittelt.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040224
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    Organische Peroxide, IX. Darstellung und Thermolyse von α-Aryloxy- und α-Arylmercaptoperessigsäure-tert.-butylestern (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 577-592 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Organic Peroxides, IX. Preparation and Thermolysis of tert-Butyl α-Aryloxy- and α-ArylthioperacetatesEleven tert-butyl α-aryloxyperacetates and four tert-butyl α-arylthioperacetates were prepared and characterized by spectra and analyses. The products and rates of their thermolyses are explained by a homolytic fragmentation mechanism. The rates are predominantly influenced by a polar effect. This is supported by the observation of Hammett relations in both series (σ = -1.1 and -1.3).
    Notes: 11 α-Aryloxy-peressigsäure-tert.-butylester und 4 α-Arylmercapto-peressigsäure-tert.-butylester wurden synthetisiert und durch Spektren und Elementaranalysen charakterisiert. Die Thermolyse dieser Peroxide erfolgt durch homolytische Fragmentierung. Ihre Geschwindigkeit gehorcht in beiden Reihen der Hammett-Beziehung mit σ = -1.1 bzw. -1.3 und unterliegt somit einem polaren Effekt.
    Additional Material: 9 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040227
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  • 68
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    Über die Darstellung von Fluorcyclotriphosphazenen mit Phosphazenseitenketten (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 653-660 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The Preparation of Fluorocyclotriphosphazenes with Phosphazene Side ChainsFluorocyclotriphosphazenes with phosphazene side chains were prolonged by the alternating reactions of hexamethyldisilazane and phosphorus pentachloride (1-8). The compounds formed contain up to six alternating (PN) bonds. Reactions of heptamethyldisilazane and methylamine give 9 and 10. Substitution reactions with the higher ring compounds yield 11-14. The properties of these substances are described and their structures could be likely prooved on the basis of 31P and 19F n. m. r. investigations. The compounds are further characterized by analysis and i. r. spectra.
    Notes: Fluorcyclotriphosphazene mit Phosphazenseitenkette werden durch alternierende Reaktionen mit Hexamethyldisilazan und Phosphorpentachlorid verlängert (1-8). Dabei entstehen Verbindungen, die bis zu sechs alternierende (PN)-Bindungen enthalten (7, 8). Umsetzungen mit Heptamethyldisilazan und Methylamin ergeben 9 und 10. Substitutionen an höheren Ringverbindungen führen zu 11-14. Die Eigenschaften dieser Substanzen werden beschrieben und ihre Struktur durch 31P- und 19F-NMR-Untersuchungen wahrscheinlich gemacht. Die Verbindungen werden weiterhin durch Analysen und IR-Spektren charakterisiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040232
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  • 69
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    Chemische Reaktivität von stabilen freien Radikalen, II. Notiz zur Bildung von 2-Hydroxy-1.1-diphenyl-2-pikryl-hydrazin aus Diphenylpikrylhydrazyl (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 661-664 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040233
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  • 70
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    Notiz zur Bildung von Furochinolinen (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 677-678 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040238
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  • 71
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    Notiz über die 14C-Markierung von tertiären aliphatischen Aminen durch Alkylgruppenaustausch (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 683-685 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040241
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  • 72
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    Zum Abbaumechanismus von Polyphosphorsäureestern (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 691-695 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Degradation Mechanism of Polyphosphoric Acid EstersPhenyl and methyl polyphosphates were reacted with small amounts of phenol, the course of the degradation reactions being followed by 31P n. m. r. spectroscopy of the obtained reaction mixtures. The analysis reveal general rules for the nucleophilic degradation of polyphosphate esters.
    Notes: Polyphosphorsäure-phenylester und -methylester wurden mit kleinen, Mengen Phenol umgesetzt und der Gang der Abbaureaktionen mit Hilfe der 31P-Kernresonanzspektren der entstandenen Reaktionsgemische untersucht. Die Analyse ergibt allgemeine Regeln für den nucleophilen Abbau von Polyphosphorsäureestern.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040304
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  • 73
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    Der Verlauf der Pyridylierung von Indolen und Pyrrolinonen mit Pyridin und Benzoylchlorid (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 705-716 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The Course of the Pyridylation of Indoles and Pyrrolinones with Pyridine and BenzoylchlorideA mixture of pyridine and benzoyl chloride forms an SE reagent whose reaction with indoles and pyrrolin-2-ones is investigated. Indoles are converted to dihydropyridylindoles, e. g. 1, or to pyridylindoles, e. g. 3, whereas pyrrolinones undergo aromatization to pyrroles, e. g. 6, 7 or 10, with elimination of the amide oxygen. Reaction mechanisms are proposed and confirmed by the isolation of intermediates.
    Notes: Ein Gemisch von Benzoylchlorid und Pyridin stellt ein SE-Reagenz dar. dessen Reaktion an Indolen und Pyrrolinonen-(2) untersucht wird. Mit Indolen bilden sich Dihydropyridylindole (z. B. 1) bzw. Pyridylindole (z. B. 3), während Pyrrolinone unter Eliminierung des Amid-Sauerstoffs zu Pyrrolderivaten wie 6, 7 oder 10 aromatisiert werden. Reaktionsmechanismen werden vorgeschlagen und an Zwischenprodukten belegt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040307
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  • 74
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    Phosphororganische Verbindungen, 68. Darstellung und Eigenschaften von Tetrakis(diphenylphosphin)-nickel(0) (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 717-721 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Organic Phosphorus Compounds, 68. Preparation and Properties of Tetrakis(diphenylphosphine)nickel(0)The title compound, 1, was prepared by reacting of diphenylphosphine with bis(π-allyl)nickel, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)nickel(0) (2), nickel-powder, or nickel(II) bromide. The structure of 1 was elucidated by Zerewitinoff method, i. r. and n. m. r. spectra. The alkylation of metalated 1 was not successful.
    Notes: Die Titelsubstanz 1 wurde durch Einwirkung von Diphenylphosphin auf Bis-π-allyl-nickel, Tetrakis(triphenylphosphin)-nickel(0) (2), Nickelpulver oder Nickel(II)-bromid dargestellt. Ihre Struktur wurde durch Zerewitinoff-Bestimmung, IR- und NMR-Spektren abgesichert. Eine Alkylierung von metalliertem 1 gelang nicht.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040308
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  • 75
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    Zur Darstellung von 1-Oxo-1.3.6.7-tetrahydro-5H-furo[3.4-b]-pyranen und -thiopyranen (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 734-738 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis of 1-Oxo-1.3.6.7-tetrahydro-5H-furo[3.4-b]pyrans and -thiopyransVarious 2-methyl-3-ethoxycarbonyl-5.6-dihydro-4H-pyrans and -thiopyrans (1) react with bromine to form the corresponding 2-bromomethyl derivatives (2), which can be converted by heating to α.β-unsaturated γ-lactones (3) l. r. and n. m. r. spectra are reported and discussed.
    Notes: Die Bromierung verschiedener 2-Methyl-3-äthoxycarbonyl-5.6-dihydro-4H-pyrane und -thiopyrane (1) führt zu den entsprechenden 2-Brommethylverbindungen (2), die thermisch zu α.β-ungesättigten γ-Lactonen (3) cyclisiert werden können. Die Strukturen werden durch NMR- und IR-Spektren bewiesen.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040310
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  • 76
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    Beiträge zur Chemie des Bors, LVI. Derivate des Hydrazino-diphenylborans (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 722-733 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Contribution to the Chemistry of Boron, LVI. Derivatives of HydrazinodiphenylboraneHydrazinodiphenylboranes of the type XNH—NH—B(C6H5)2 are monomeric (1a). The acyl derivatives (1b—d) (X = C6H5CO, CH3CO, (C6H5)2P(O)) are all internally coordinated through BO-bonds. -N.N′-Bis(diphenylboryl)derivatives of hydrazines (2a—c) are obtained from (C6H5)2BN(C2H5)2 and N2H4, CH3NH—NH2, or CH3NH—NHCH3 but no N.N′-bis-(diphenylboryl)hydrazines can be prepared by this method. Compounds of the latter type (3) are accessible via N-lithiohydrazines. - The structures of the new compounds are discussed and some of their chemical properties reported.
    Notes: Hydrazino-diphenylborane des Typs XNH—NH—B(C6H5)2 sind monomer (1a); in den N-Acyl-N′-diphenylboryl-hydrazinen (1b—d) (X = C6H5CO, CH3CO, (C6H5)2P(O)) liegt vierbindiges Bor vor. - N.N′-Bis-diphenylborylierung an Hydrazinen gelingt durch Einwirkung von (C6H5)2BN(C2H5)2 auf Hydrazin, Methylhydrazin und N.N′-Dimethyl-hydrazin (Bildung von 2a—c). Diese Umaminierung kann zur Darstellung von N.N′-Bis(diphenylboryl)-hydrazinen nicht herangezogen werden; sie (3) sind jedoch über mit LiCH3 metallierte Hydrazinderivate zugängig. - Die Strukturen der neuen Verbindungen werden diskutiert und einige ihrer chemischen Eigenschaften beschrieben.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040309
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    Pteridine, XL. Zur Synthese von 3.N2.N2-Trimethyl-pterinen (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 739-747 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Pteridines, XL. Synthesis of 3.N2.N2-TrimethylpterinsThe synthesis of 2-dimethylamino-3-methyl-4-oxo-3.4-dihydropteridines (18 and 19) is described. Comparisons of u. v. spectra reveal that the predominant tautomeric form of pterin (20) in solution possesses the 2-amino-4-oxo-3.4-dihydrostructure. Various alkylations of 4-aminopyrimidine derivatives are included in these investigations.
    Notes: Die Synthese von 2-Dimethylamino-4-oxo-3-methyl-3.4-dihydro-pteridinen (18 und 19) wird beschrieben. Durch UV-Spektrenvergleiche läßt sich zeigen, daß von den möglichen tautomeren Formen des Pterins (20) die 2-Amino-4-oxo-dihydro-Struktur in Lösung bevorzugt wird. Verschiedene Alkylierungen von 4-Amino-pyrimidin-Derivaten sind in die Untersuchungen mit einbezogen.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040311
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    Darstellung und Untersuchung der Hydroacridine, VIII. Synthese und Struktur von 9-[Pyridyl-(4)]- und 9-[Pyridyl-(3)]-symm-octahydroacridin (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 787-791 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis and Investigation of Hydroacridines, VIII. Synthesis and Structure of 9-(4-Pyridyl)- and 9-(3-Pyridyl)-symm-octahydroacridineBy condensation of γ-and β-pyridinealdehyde with cyclohexanone, the tricyclic ketols 1 a and 1 b are obtained. Their oximes 2 give by thermal decomposition the corresponding 9-pyridyl-symm-octahydroacridines (3). The n. m. r. spectra are discussed.
    Notes: Durch Kondensation von γ-bzw, β-Pyridinaldehyd mit Cyclohexanon werden die tricyclischen Ketole 1 a und 1 b erhalten. Deren Oxime 2 ergeben durch thermische Zersetzung die entsprechenden 9-Pyridyl-symm-octahydroacridine (3). Die NMR-Spektren der dargestellten Verbindungen werden besprochen.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040315
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  • 79
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    Pteridine, XLI. Zur Synthese von Pteridin-N-8-ribosiden (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 770-779 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Pteridines, XLI. Synthesis of Pteridine-N-8-ribosides5-Nitro-4-(ribofuranosylamino) pyrimidines (1—4) are reduced to the corresponding 5-amino derivatives (5, 6) and these condensed with ethyl glyoxylate (7, 8). On subsequent ringclosure the pteridine-N-8-ribosides (9—12) are formed. U. v. and n.m.r. spectra are used for characterization.
    Notes: Zur Synthese der ersten Pteridin-N-8-riboside (9—12) werden 5-Nitro-4-ribofuranosylamino-pyrimidine (1—4) zunächst zu den 5-Aminoderivaten (5, 6) reduziert, diese dann mit Glyoxyl-säureester kondensiert (7, 8) und 7, 8 anschließend cyclisiert. Zur Charakterisierung der Produkte dienen UV- und NMR-Spektren.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040313
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  • 80
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    Pteridine, XLII. Eine neue Pteridinsynthese aus 4.5-Dihalogen-uracilen und Äthylendiaminen (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 780-786 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Pteridines, XLII. A New Pteridine Synthesis from 4.5-Dihalouracils and EthylenediaminesA new approach for the synthesis of pteridine derivatives from 4.5-dihalouracils and ethylenediamines is described. pK values and u. v. absorption spectra of the synthesized products have been determined.
    Notes: Eine neue Synthesemöglichkeit für Pteridin-Derivate besteht in der Umsetzung von 4.5-Dihalogen-uracilen mit Äthylendiamin-Derivaten. pK-Werte und UV-Spektren der synthetisierten Verbindungen werden angegeben.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040314
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  • 81
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    Orthoamide, XV. Über die Umsetzung von Bis-dimethylamino-tert.-butyloxy-methan mit Azinen zu Ketenaminalen und Endiaminen (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 792-801 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Orthoamides, XV. Formation of Ketene Aminals and Enediamines by Reaction of Bis(dimethylamino)-tert-butoxymethane with AzinesThe reaction of bis(dimethylamino)-tert-butoxymethane (2) with azines of aromatic aldehydes (4, 8) affords ketene aminals (5). Diazomethanes (9, 10) are formed as intermediates. Aryldiazomethanes react with 2 to give a mixture of ketene aminals (5), trans-enediamines (6), and cis-enediamines (7). The reaction of 2 with bis(2-pyridylmethylene)- (4n), with difurfurylidenehydrazine (4o) or with the azines 8, obtained by treatment of aromatic aldehydes with diphenylmethylenehydrazine, yields only ketene aminals (5). The reaction mechanism is discussed.
    Notes: Bei der Umsetzung von Bis-dimethylamino-tert.-butyloxy-methan (2) (Aminal-tert.-butyl-ester) mit Azinen aromatischer Aldehyde (4, 8) entstehen Ketenaminale (5) und als Zwischenprodukte Diazomethane (9, 10, ). Von diesen reagieren die Aryldiazomethane mit 2, zu Gemischen aus Ketenaminalen (5), trans- (6) und cis-Endiaminen (7). Bis-[Pyridyl-(2)-methylen]-(4n) und Difurfurylidenhydrazin (4o) sowie die aus aromatischen Aldehyden und Diphenyl-methylen-hydrazin dargestellten Azine 8 ergeben mit 2 ausschließlich Ketenaminale (5). Der Reaktionsablauf wird diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040316
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    Untersuchungen in der Pyrimidinreihe, XXVI. Eine neue Synthese für 5-Nitro-4-glykosylamino-pyrimidine (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 748-769 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Studies in the Pyrimidine Series, XXVI. A New Synthesis of 4-(Glycosylamino)-5-nitropyrimidinesFusion of some 4-amino-5-nitropyrimidines (1 4, 33, 36) with acylated D-ribose, D-glucose or acylated methylglycosides of D-ribofuranose, 2-deoxy-D-ribofuranose or L-arabinofuranose with an acidic catalyst produced the corresponding 5-nitro-4-(acylglycosylamino)pyrimidines (9-19 and others). In most cases both anomers were formed. which could be separated by preparative layer chromatography. The structure and configuration of the anomers were determined by u. v., n. m. r., and o. r. d. spectra. In the case of the ribofuranosides the thermodynamically more stable α-anomers were formed in larger amounts than the β-compounds. The influence of various catalysts and reaction conditions on the yield and the anomeric ratio was investigated.
    Notes: Die Schmelzkondensation verschiedener 5-Nitro-4-amino-pyrimidine (1—4, 33, 36) mit vollacylierter D-Ribose und D-Glucose sowie mit acylierten Methylglykosiden der D-Ribofuranose, 2-Desoxy-D-ribofuranose und L-Arabinofuranose zu den entsprechenden 5-Nitro-4-acylglykosylamino-pyrimidinen (9-19 und andere) wird beschrieben. Meist werden beide Anomere gebildet, die durch präparative Schichtchromatographie isoliert und mit Hilfe von UV-, NMR- und ORD-Spektren charakterisiert werden. Die Schmelzkondensation verläuft bei den angewandten Bedingungen unter thermodynamischer Steuerung. Im Falle der Ribofuranoside sind die α-Verbindungen stabiler als die β-Anomeren. Der Einfluß verschiedener Katalysatoren und Reaktionsbedingungen auf Ausbeute und Anomerenverhältnis wird untersucht.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040312
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    Reaktionen an Indolderivaten, XV. Die Borhydridreduktion von Bordifluorid-β-Dicarbonylkomplexen (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 802-807 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactions with Indole Derivatives, XV. The Boron Hydride Reduction of Boron Difluoride-β-Dicarbonyl Complexes1.3-Dicarbonyl compounds in the indole series (3, 12) have been specifically reduced to the corresponding unsaturated ketones (6, 14) by sodium boron hydride after formation of the boron difluoride complexes (5, 13).
    Notes: 1.3-Dicarbonylverbindungen der Indolreihe (3, 12) werden nach Überführung in Bordifluorid-Komplexe (5, 13) mit Natriumborhydrid glatt und einsinnig in α-β-ungesättigte Ketone (6, 14) übergeführt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040317
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  • 84
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    Die thermische Spaltung einiger Diarylnitrosamine und -nitramine (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 808-821 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Thermal Decomposition of Diarylnitrosamines and -nitraminesThermal decomposition of the nitrosamines 1 and 8 in the absence of oxygen affords diarylamine radicals which form 4-7 and 9-11, respectively. The results support the radical mechanism for the thermal benzidine rearrangement. - The nitramines 13, 14 and 17 undergo a thermal nitramine rearrangement. - Heating of 1 and 16 in the presence of oxygen to give 2, 3 and 19, 20, respectively, proceeds as depicted in eqn. (1).
    Notes: Die thermische Zersetzung der Nitrosamine 1 und 8 unter Sauerstoff-Ausschluß liefert Diarylamin-Radikale, die miteinander zu 4-7 bzw. 9-11 reagieren. Die Ergebnisse stützen den Radikalmechanismus für die thermische Benzidin-Umlagerung. - Die Nitramine 13, 14 und 17 gehen beim Erhitzen eine radikalisch ablaufende Nitramin-Umlagerung ein. - Für die Bildung von 2 und 3 bzw. 19 und 20 beim Erhitzen von 1 und 16 in Sauerstoff-Gegenwart wird der in Gl. (1) formulierte Reaktionsweg abgeleitet.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040318
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  • 85
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    Synthesen mit substituierten Malondialdehyden, X. γ-Fluor-pentamethincyanin-Farbstoffe (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 822-829 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Syntheses with Substituted Malondialdehydes, X. γ-Fluoropentamethinecyanine DyesCondensation of substituted malondialdehydes 2 and 4 with heterocyclic imonium salts 1 yields pentamethinecyanine dyes 3 and 5 in which the polymethine chain is γ-substituted with fluorine and other groups. The introduction of fluorine causes a bathochromic (!) shift of the long wave length absorption band (table 1). - The influence of substituents on the long wave length absorption band of pentamethinecyanine dyes (table 2) is quantitatively described by means of a Hammett correlation (fig.), and the deviations are discussed. - σp-Constants for 4-nitrophenyl and 2-pyrazinyl are estimated.
    Notes: Durch Kondensation substituierter Malondialdehyde 2 und 4 mit heterocyclischen Imoniumsalzen 1 werden symmetrische Pentamethincyanin-Farbstoffe 3 und 5 dargestellt, deren Polymethin-Kette mit Fluor und anderen Gruppen γ-substituiert ist. Die Einführung des Fluors bewirkt eine bathochrome (!) Verschiebung der längstwelligen Absorptionsbande (Tab. 1). - Der Substituenteneinfluß auf die längstwellige Absorptionsbande von Pentamethincyanin-Farbstoffen (Tab. 2) wird durch eine Hammett-Korrelation quantitativ beschrieben (Abbild.), Abweichungen werden diskutiert. - σp-Werte für den 4-Nitrophenyl- und den Pyrazinyl-(2)-Rest werden abgeschätzt.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040319
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  • 86
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    Tetramethoxy-äthylen, VI. Cycloadditionen von Tetramethoxy-äthylen an Kohlensuboxid (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 861-872 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Tetramethoxyethylene, VI. Cycloadditions of Tetramethoxyethylene to Carbon SuboxideReaction of tetramethoxyethylene with carbon suboxide yields via the intermediary 1 : 1 cycloadduct 6 a 2 : 1-adduct 10 and a 2 : 2-adduct 19. The structural assignments rest on chemical reactions, spectroscopic data, and an X-ray analysis.
    Notes: Bei der Umsetzung von Tetramethoxy-äthylen (1) mit Kohlensuboxid (2) entstehen als Folgeprodukte des intermediär auftretenden 1 : 1-Adduktes 6 ein 2 : 1-Addukt 10 und ein 2 : 2-Addukt 19. Die Strukturzuordnung stützt sich auf Reaktionen, spektroskopische Daten und eine Röntgen-Strukturanalyse.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040323
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  • 87
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    Darstellung von 1.6-Anhydro-β-D-mannofuranose und 1.6-Anhydro-α-L-gulofuranose (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 830-836 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation of 1.6-Anhydro-β-D-mannofuranose and 1.6-Anhydro-α-L-gulofuranoseVacuum pyrolysis of D-mannose yields 1.6-anhydro-β-D-mannopyranose besides 1.6-anhydro-β-D-mannofuranose (1a), which can be obtained in an overall yield of 3.3% by direct crystallisation. RuO4-Oxidation of the 2.3-O-isopropylidene derivative of 1 a leads to the formation of 1.6-anhydro-2.3-O-isopropylidene-β-D-lyxo-hexofuranos-5-ulose (3), which is reduced with LiAlH4 stereoselectively to the corresponding 1.6-anhydro-α-L-gulofuranose derivative 4.
    Notes: Durch Vakuumpyrolyse von D-Mannose ist neben 1.6-Anhydro-β-D-mannopyranose die 1.6-Anhydro-β-D-mannofuranose (1 a) direkt in 3.3 proz. Ausb. kristallisiert gewinnbar. RuO4-Oxydation der 2.3-Isopropyliden-Verbindung von 1 a ergibt 1.6-Anhydro-2.3-O-isopropyliden-β-D-lyxo-hexofuranos-5-ulose (3), die mit LiAlH4 selektiv zum 1.6-Anhydro-α-L-gulofuranose-Derivat 4 hydriert wird.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040320
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  • 88
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    Polypodosaponin, ein neuer Saponintyp aus Polypodium vulgare L (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 837-846 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Polypodosaponin, a New Type of Saponin from Polypodium Vulgare L.From Polypodium vulgare L. a. saponin, polypodosaponin (1), was isolated. It is easily converted into 26-O-methyl-polypodosaponin (2) during the isolation with methanol. The structure elucidation was mainly made with 2. The corresponding aglykon (26-O-methylpolypodogenin) has been shown to have the structure of a 3β-hydroxy-26ξ-methoxy-22ξ.26ξ-epoxy-6-oxo-5α-cholest-7-ene (4). In the saponin 2, the 3β-hydroxy group is attached to an α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl moity. 2 shows the typical properties of a saponin, and it is representing a new type of steroid saponins.
    Notes: Aus Polypodium vulgare L. wurde ein Saponin, das Polypodosaponin (1), isoliert. Es geht bei der Isolierung mit Methanol leicht in das 26-O-Methyl-polypodosaponin (2) über, an dem vorwiegend die Konstitution aufgeklärt wurde. Dem zugehörigen Aglykon (26-O-Methyl-polypodogenin) konnte die Struktur eines 3β-Hydroxy-26ξ-methoxy-22ξ.26ξ-epoxy-6-oxo-5α-cholestens-(7) (4) zugeordnet werden. Im Saponin 2 ist die 3β-Hydroxygruppe an einen α-L-Rhamnopyranosyl-(1 -2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-Rest gebunden. 2 besitzt typische Saponineigenschaften und stellt eine neue Variante der Steroidsaponine dar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040321
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  • 89
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    Über Typ und energetische Lage des niedrigsten Triplett-Terms in Dihalogenmaleinsäureanhydriden (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 847-860 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Type and Energetic Height of the Lowest Triplet Level in Dihalomaleic AnhydridesDichloro-, dibromo- and diiodomaleic anhydrides show on excitation in the edge of the longest wavelength absorption band a phosphorescence emission, which, due to a photodissociation process, disappears on excitation with light of shorter wavelength. Triplet energy, singlet-triplet splitting as well as the phosphorescence lifetime of the anhydrides were measured. The emitting triplet term belongs obviously to a 3(ππ
    Notes: Dichlor-, Dibrom- und Dijodmaleinsäureanhydrid zeigen bei Anregung in der längstwelligen Absorptionskante eine Phosphoreszenz-Emission, die aufgrund eines Photodissoziationsprozesses bei der Einstrahlung kürzerwelliger Erregerstrahlung verschwindet. Triplettenergie, Singulett-Triplett-Aufspaltung sowie Phosphoreszenz-Lebensdauer der Derivate wurden bestimmt. Der emittierende Term gehört offensichtlich zu einer 3(ππAbkürzung für Maleinsäureanhydrid.)Configuration.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040322
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  • 90
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    Tetramethoxy-äthylen, VII. 2 + 2-Cycloadditionen an Tetramethoxy-äthylen (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 873-885 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Tetramethoxyethylene, VII. 2 + 2-Cycloadditions to TetramethoxyethyleneTetramethoxyethylene (1) readily adds to electrophilic unsaturated compounds to form 2 + 2-cycloadducts in high yield with retention of stereochemistry. Thermolyses and photolyses of some of the cycloadducts are reported.
    Notes: Tetramethoxy-äthylen (1) addiert sich in hohen Ausbeuten an elektrophile, ungesättigte Partner in einer stereospezifischen 2 + 2-Cycloaddition. Die Thermolyse und Photolyse einiger Addukte wird beschrieben.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040324
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  • 91
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    Aminyle, 4. Zur thermischen Zersetzung p-substituierter Tetraarylhydrazine (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 886-894 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Aminyls, 4. The Thermal Decomposition of p-Substituted TetraarylhydrazinesDepending on the nature of the p-substituent, the thermal decomposition of p-substituted tetraarylhydrazines yields diarylamin, o-semidine, m-Semidine, dihydrophenazine, as well as products of higher molecular weight.
    Notes: Abhängig von der Art des p-Substituenten werden bei der thermischen Zersetzung p-substituierter Tetraarylhydrazine Diarylamin, o-Semidin, m-Semidin, Dihydrophenazin und Produkte höheren Molekulargewichts gebildet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040325
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  • 92
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    Kinetik und Radikalausbeute beim Zerfall tertiärer Hyponitrite (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 902-908 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Kinetic and Radical Efficiency for the Decomposition of Tertiary HyponitritesThe thermal decomposition of dicumylhyponitrite (1a) is a first order reaction with an activation enthalpy of 27.3 kcal/mole and an activation entropy of 8.5 e. u. in isooctane. The efficiency of radical formation is 84% for 1a but 92% for di-tert-butylhyponitrite. The rate constants for the decomposition of substituted dicumylhyponitrites follow the Hammett equation with σ=++0.34 by applying σ+ values.
    Notes: Der thermische Zerfall von Dicumylhyponitrit (1a) ist eine Reaktion erster Ordnung mit einer Aktivierungsenthalpie von 27.3 keal/Mol und einer Aktivierungsentropie von 8.5 cal/Mol·Grad in Isooctan. Die Radikalausbeute für 1a beträgt 84%, für Di-tert.-butylhyponitrit 92%. Die Zerfallskonstanten substituierter Dicumylhyponitrite gehorchen bei Verwendung der σ+-Werte der Hammett-Beziehung mit σ=+ +0.34.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040327
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  • 93
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    Darstellung und Zerfall von tertiären Hyponitriten (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 895-901 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis and Decomposition of Tertiary HyponitritesDicumylhyponitrite (1a), substituted dicumylhyponitrites (1b—1f) (p-Br, p-Cl, p-CH3, m-CH3, p-CH3O), bis-(1.1-diphenylethyl)hyponitrite (1h) and bis-(1.1-dimethylpentyl)hyponitrite (1g) were synthesized. The tertiary hyponitrites decompose thermally already fast at 40°C into nitrogen and free tertiary alkoxy radicals which then react further to the corresponding alcohols and ketones. The relative reactivities of tert-butoxy and cumyloxy radicals in respect to hydrogenabstraction and β-scission were determined in various solvents; cumyloxy radicals tend much more to β-scission than the tert-butoxy radicals. The generated free alkoxy radicals are able to initiate polymerization and autoxidation reactions and can be trapped by stable radicals.
    Notes: Dicumylhyponitrit (1a), substituierte Dicumylhyponitrite (1b—1f) (p-Br, p-Cl, p-CH3, m-CH3, p-CH3O), Bis-[1.1-diphenyl-äthyl]-hyponitrit (1h) und Bis-[1.1-dimethyl-pentyl]-hyponitrit (1g) wurden dargestellt. Die tertiären Hyponitrite zerfallen bereits rasch bei-40 in Stickstoff und freie Alkoxyradikale, die dann zu den entsprechenden Alkoholen und Ketonen weiter reagieren. Die relativen Reaktivitäten von tert.-Butyloxy-und Cumyloxyradikalen hinsichtlich Wasserstoffabstraktion und β-Spaltung wurden für verschiedene Lösungsmittel bestimmt; Cumyloxyradikale neigen stärker zur β-Spaltung als tert-Butyloxyradikale. Die freien Alkoxyradikale können Polymerisations- und Autoxydationsreaktionen initiieren und mit stabilen freien Radikalen abgefangen werden.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040326
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  • 94
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    Untersuchung des Wittigschen Kohlenwasserstoffs in benzolischer Lösung mit Hilfe der Parawasserstoff-Methode (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 909-912 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigation of the Wittig's Hydrocarbon in Benzene Solution by Means of the Para-Orthohydrogen ConversionThe magnetic properties of Wittig's hydrocarbon in benzene solution was investigated by means of the para-orthohydrogen conversion. The fraction of paramagnetic molecules was determined to be 〈3% at 20 and about 5% at 65°.
    Notes: Mit Hilfe der Parawasserstoff-Methode wurde das magnetische Verhalten-des Wittigschen Kohlenwasserstoffs in benzolischer Lösung untersucht. Der Anteil an paramagnetischen Molekülen wurde bei 20° zu 3% und bei 65° zu ca. 5% bestimmt.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040328
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  • 95
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    Eine neuartige, reversible Pseudobasen-Isomerisierung (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 913-916 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: A Novel Reversible Pseudobase IsomerizationThe dications 4 and 5 are rearranged under basic conditions to give the bases 13 and 14, respectively, containing one 3-oxotetrahydroquinoline ring instead of the two indoline rings in 4 and 5, which are reformed in acidic solution. The Fischer base 15 may be oxidized directly to 13.
    Notes: Im Alkalischen lagern sich die Dikationen 4 und 5 zu den Basen 13 und 14 um, wobei einer der beiden Indolinringe zu einem 3-Oxo-tetrahydrochinolinring erweitert wird. Im sauren Medium werden 4 und 5 zurückgebildet. Die Fischer-Base 15 läßt sich direkt zu 13 oxydieren.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040329
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  • 96
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    Über Verbindungen mit Urotropin-Struktur, XL VIII Über monofunktionelle stickstoffhaltige Derivate des Adamantans (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 917-923 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Compounds with Urotropin Structure, XLVIII1.1′-Azoxyadamantane (5), the N-(1-adamantyl)nitrones 6-8 as well as the hydroxylamines 9 and 10 were obtained by conversions starting with N-(1-adamantyl)hydroxylamine (3) and/or 1-nitrosoadamantane (4). 1.1′-Azoadamantane (14) was synthesized in good yield by treatment of 1-(bromoamino)adamantane (13) with potassium tert-butoxide. By the same method 2.2′-azoadamantane (18) was obtained.
    Notes: Ausgehend von N-[Adamantyl-(1)]-hydroxylamin (3) und/oder 1-Nitroso-adamantan (4) wurden 1.1-Azoxyadamantan (5), die N-[Adamantyl-(1)]-nitrone 6—8 sowie die Hydroxylamine 9 und 10 erhalten. Eine ergiebige Darstellungsmethode für 1.1′-Azoadamantan (14) wurde in der Umsetzung von 1-Bromamino-adamantan (13) mit Kalium-tert.-butylat gefunden. Nach der gleichen Methode wurde 2.2′-Azoadamantan (18) dargestellt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040330
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  • 97
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    Zur Photolyse 3-arylsubstituierter 3H-Pyrazole (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 941-949 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Photolysis of 3-Aryl-Substituted 3H-PyrazolesPhotolysis of 3-aryl substituted 3H-pyrazoles 1a-d proceeds via the valence isomeric diazoalkenes 2a-d to the cyclopropenes 4a-d which in further photochemical reactions isomerize to the corresponding indenes 5a-c, 6 and 7.
    Notes: Belichtung der 3-arylsubstituierten 3H-Pyrazole 1a-d führt über die valenzisomeren Diazoverbindungen 2a-d zu den Cyclopropenen 4a-d, die in photochemischen Folgereaktionen zu den Indenen 5a-c. 6 und 7 isomerisieren.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040333
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  • 98
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    Orthoamide, XVII. Reaktionen von Dimethylamino-alkoxy-acetonitrilen (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 932-940 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Orthoamides, XVII. Reactions of (Dimethylamino)alkoxyacetonitriles(Dimethylamino)alkoxyacetonitriles (1) react with alcohols to form transacetalisation products. Reaction of 1 with primary amines results in elimination of alcohol and HCN and formation of formamidines (2); reaction of 1 with secondary amines affords aminals of glyoxylonitriles (6, 7). 1 reacts with reactive aldehydes in a multiple-step process to yield the corresponding α-(dimethylamino)nitriles 8 or the corresponding acyloins 9.
    Notes: Dimethylamino-alkoxy-acetonitrile (1) reagieren mit Alkoholen unter Umacetalisierung, mit primären Aminen unter Alkohol- und HCN-Abspaltung zu Formamidinen (2) und mit sekundären Aminen zu Aminalen des Glyoxylsäurenitrils (6, 7). Mit reaktiven Aldehyden entstehen in einer Mehrstufenreaktion die entsprechenden α-Dimethylamino-nitrile 8 oder die entsprechenden Acyloine 9.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040332
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  • 99
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    Orthoamide, XVI. Synthese von O.N- und N.N-Acetalen der α-Keto-carbonsäurenitrile sowie von Iminoestern (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 924-931 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Orthoamides, XVI. Syntheses of O. N- and N.N-Acetals of α-Keto Carbonitriles and IminoestersO.N-acetals of α-keto carbonitriles (1) are formed by the reaction of dimethylformamide dialkylacetals with acyl cyanides as well as by the reaction of adducts of dialkylformamide and dimethyl sulfate with sodium cyanide in water. The corresponding N.N-acetals (2) are produced by reaction of 1 with dimethylamine, by reaction of aminalester with acyl cyanide, or by treatment of tetramethylformamidinium methyl sulfate with sodium cyanide in water. N-Alkylcarboxamide dimethyl sulfate adducts (3) react with sodium cyanide in water to give the methyl ester of the corresponding N-alkylcarboximidic acid (5).
    Notes: O.N-Acetale der α-Keto-carbonsäurenitrile (1) entstehen aus Dimethylformamid-dialkyl-acetalen und Acylcyaniden sowie aus Dialkylformamid-Dimethylsulfat-Addukten und Natriumcyanid in Wasser. Die entsprechenden N.N-Acetale (2) entstehen aus 1 mit Dimethylamin bzw. aus Aminalester mit Acylcyaniden oder aus Tetramethylformamidinium-methylsulfat mit Natriumcyanid in Wasser. N-Monoalkylsubstituierte Säureamid-Dimethylsulfat-Addukte (3) bilden mit Natriumcyanid in Wasser N-Alkyl-iminoester (5).
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040331
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthese von Trinitro-aza-adamantan-Derivaten (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 950-953 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis of Trinitroazaadamantane Derivatives1.3.5-Trinitrobenzene is converted on reduction with sodium boron hydride or Grignard compounds and subsequent reaction with formaldehyde and an ammonium salt into 3.5.7-trinitro-l-azaadamantane (8a) and derivatives of this compound (8b-e, 12, 13).
    Notes: 1.3.5-Trinitro-benzol läßt sich durch Reduktion mit Natriumborhydrid oder Grignard-Verbindungen und anschließende Aminoalkylierung zu 3.5.7-Trinitro-l-aza-adamantan (8a) sowie Derivaten davon (8b-e, 12, 13) umsetzen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040334
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