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  • 1995-1999  (2,218)
  • 1990-1994
  • 1998  (2,218)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (2,108)
  • Immunohistochemistry
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Material
Years
  • 1995-1999  (2,218)
  • 1990-1994
Year
Keywords
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cellular neurilemoma (schwannoma) of the descending colon mimicking carcinoma (1998)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 41 (1998), S. 1193-1196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Cellular neurilemoma ; Schwannoma ; Occult blood ; Intestinal hemorrhage ; Hematochezia ; Stromal tumors ; S-100 ; Leu-7 ; glial fibrillary acid protein ; Descending colon ; Gastrointestinal ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a rare case of a cellular neurilemoma (schwannoma) of the descending colon, mimicking carcinoma, not accompanied by von Recklinghausen's disease. The differential diagnostic problems are discussed and the possibility of a site-specific, modified Schwann cell of myenteric plexus origin is suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02239444
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Are lymph node micrometastases of any clinical significance in dukes stages A and B colorectal cancer? (1998)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 41 (1998), S. 1244-1249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Colonic neoplasms ; Cytokeratin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymph nodes ; Micrometastases ; Rectal neoplasms ; Survival ; Tumor stage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: The aim was to investigate the significance of lymph node micrometastases in Dukes Stages A and B colorectal cancer. METHODS: Archival specimens were examined from 147 patients (96 colon, 51 rectum; 44 Stage A, 103 Stage B) who had surgery between 1987 and 1994. One lymph node section from each node (colon, 1–11; median, 4; rectum, 1–15; median, 3) was examined with use of an anticytokeratin antibody. RESULTS: Forty-seven (32 percent) patients had micrometastases. At follow-up in June 1996, 23 patients had died of cancer or with known tumor relapse, after a median time of 28 (range, 5–67) months; 8 of 47 (17 percent) patients had micrometastases, 15 of 100 (15 percent) did not. No statistically significant differences were observed according to micrometastases when the results were analyzed with respect to Dukes stage or survival time. The median survival time of living patients with micrometastases was 48 (range, 18–97) months, and for patients without micrometastases, 48 (range, 19–111) months. Six of 96 living patients had a tumor relapse; three of these displayed micrometastases. CONCLUSION: Lymph node micrometastases are not a useful prognostic marker in Dukes Stages A and B and do not imply different strategies for additional therapy or follow-up.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02258221
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Predictive value of nuclear betacatenin expression for the occurrence of distant metastases in rectal cancer (1998)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 41 (1998), S. 1256-1261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Beta-catenin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Metastasis ; Predictive value ; Prognosis ; Rectal cancer ; Tumor marker
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: Adenomatous polyposis coli protein, glycogen synthetase kinase-3-beta, T cell transcription factor/lymphoid enhancer-binding factor, and beta-catenin modulate cell differentiation and proliferation via the expression of effector genes. It has recently been postulated that betacatenin is a potent oncogene of sporadic colorectal carcinogenesis and a prognostic tumor marker. Our aim was to investigate whether the nuclear overexpression of betacatenin, possibly caused by mutations in exon 3 of betacatenin (CTNNB1), is correlated with distant metastatic spread or disease-free survival in rectal carcinoma. METHODS: Immunohistochemical analysis was performed with an anti-beta-catenin-monoclonal antibody on paraffin sections of two groups of patients (n=2 × 77) with rectal carcinoma curatively treated by surgery alone. The patients selected were all free of local disease, to exclude surgical influence. Patient groups were matched for age, gender, International Union Against Cancer stage, and year of operation (1982 to 1991) and differed only in subsequent metachronous distant metastatic spread. Follow-up was prospective (median, 9.6 years). Three staining patterns were defined: membranous (normal), diffuse cytoplasmic (pathologic), and intense nuclear staining (pathologic). When intense nuclear staining was defined, the specimen was microdissected. Then, DNA was isolated, polymerase chain reaction-amplified, and sequenced to detect mutations in exon 3. RESULTS: Nuclear overexpression of beta-catenin correlated neither with distant metastatic spread (chisquared, 0.37;P=0.79) nor with disease-free survival (log-rank with trend,P=0.62). No mutations were found in the area of the serine/threonine-kinase glycogen synthetase kinase-3-beta-phosphorylation site in exon 3 (CTNNB1) of beta-catenin. CONCLUSION: Although beta-catenin seems to play an important role in early colorectal carcinogenesis, its value as a prognostic marker is questionable. It must be assumed that metastatic ability is determined by other factors than the disturbance of the beta-catenin T cell transcription factor/lymphoid enhancer-binding factor cascade and that other mechanisms might cause the observed nuclear translocation of beta-catenin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02258226
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    p53 protein overexpression and response to induction chemoradiation therapy in patients with locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma (1998)
    Springer
    Annals of surgical oncology 5 (1998), S. 203-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1534-4681
    Keywords: Colorectal cancer ; p53 ; Immunohistochemistry ; Radiotherapy ; Surgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: The association between mutations in the p53 gene and prognosis in colorectal cancer remains controversial. This report evaluates the role of p53 protein to predict the response of neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy in patients with primary locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma. Methods: Between January 1993 and December 1994, 26 patients were seen with locally advanced primary rectal adenocarcinoma, located between 0 and 10 cm from the anal verge, demonstrated clinically and by CT scan. Each received 45 Gy of preoperative radiation therapy (RT) concomitantly with bolus infusion of 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) (450/mg/m2 on days 1 to 5 and 28 to 33 of RT). Surgery was performed between 4 and 8 weeks later. All the primary tumors were mapped and sliced. The response rate was divided according to the percentage of malignant cells in the rectal wall and perirectal fat. Lymph nodes were studied with the manual or modified clearing technique. p53 mutant status was assessed immunohistochemically from sections of the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded pretreatment biopsy and the resected specimen. Results: There were 14 females and 12 males, with a mean age of 54 years. All received the scheduled treatment. An abdominoperineal resection (n=10), low anterior resection (n=10), and pelvic exenteration (n=6) were performed. The stages of tumors were as follows: no residual tumor (n=4); T2 (n=6); T3–4 (N=9); and T3–4, N1,2 (n=7). Fourteen specimens (54%) had mutated p53, and 10 (71%) had 〉50% of residual tumor, whereas only two (17%) of the specimens with normal p53 had 〉50% of residual tumor (P=.018). Eight of the 10 low anterior resections were performed in patients whose specimens expressed normal p53. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the determination of p53 is a factor in predicting tumor response in patients who undergo preoperative chemoradiation therapy for rectal adenocarcinoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02303772
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prospektive Studie zur Pathologie der strahleninduzierten Mukositis (1998)
    Springer
    Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie 2 (1998), S. 131-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-3940
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Mukositis ; Strahlentherapie ; Immunohistochemische Veränderungen ; Adhäsionsmoleküle ; Makrophagenmarker ; Key words Mucositis ; Radiotherapy ; Immunohistochemistry ; Adhesion molecules ; Macrophages
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: One of the most severe early side effects of radiation in head and neck cancer patients is mucositis. Inflammation of the oral mucose may lead to an extreme subjective burden, restricting the patients’ well-being and even leading to an interruption of radiotherapy. The aim of our prospective study was to investigate the pathological alterations of the oral mucosa during irradiation. Therefore, samples from head and neck cancer patients were taken before radiation and a 30-G and a 60-G radiation dose. Pathogenetic alterations were determined by immunohistochemical staining of various cell surface molecules known to be involved in the pathogenesis of inflammation. Staining was performed with antibodies against ICAM 1, VCAM 1, ELAM, 25F9, 27E10, and RM3-1. Our study demonstrates the expression rates of the various surface molecules during inflammation. Expression of RM3-1 and ICAM 1 showed a steep increase during the time of radiation, whereas expression of ELAM reached a low constant value. Therefore, we conclude that distinct cell surface molecules demonstrate a characteristic time-dependent expression during radiation. Better insight into the pathogenesis of radiation-induced mucositis may help to develop a pathological classification of mucositis and to improve therapeutic strategies.
    Notes: Die strahleninduzierte orale Mukositis nimmt als die bedeutendste Frühreaktion der Radiatio einen of subjektiv stark belastenden Verlauf, der nicht selten zu einer äußerst unerwünschten Therapieunterbrechung oder sogar einem -abbruch führt. Leider liegen bisher keine longitudinalen Studien über differenziertere, quantifizierbare pathohistologische Veränderungen vor. Ziel dieser prospektiven Pilotstudie ist es, ein Verfahren zu etablieren, das es erlaubt, dem Verlauf der oralen Strahlenmukositis eine Zeitkinetik verschiedener Makrophagensubpopulationen und ausgewählter Adhäsionsmoleküle zuzuordnen. Dazu dokumentierten wir die immunhistochemischen Veränderungen der oralen Mukosa prä radiationem, bei 30 G und bei 60 G Energiedosis. Neben monoklonalen Antikörpern gegen 3 funktionell verschiedene Makrophagensubpopulationen (27E10, 25F9, RM3/1) kamen auch Marker für verschiedene endotheliale Adhäsionsmoleküle (VCAM-1, ICAM-1, Elam) zur Anwendung. Die Evaluierung der immunohistochemischen Befunde deutet auf eine signifikante Zunahme des antiinflammatorischen Makrophagen RM3/1 im Bindegewebe im Verlauf der Bestrahlung hin, während die Anzahl der inflammatorischen und reifen Makrophagen zu sistieren scheint. Das endotheliale Expressionsmuster der 3 Adhäsionsmoleküle VCAM-1, ICAM-1 und Elam ist durch einen signifikanten Anstieg von ICAM-1 bei nahezu gleichbleibender niedriger Expression von VCAM-1 und Elam gekennzeichnet. Unsere ersten Ergebnisse der Expressions- und Verteilungsmuster stellen Vergleichswerte dar, anhand derer in weiteren Studien die Pathogenese der oralen Strahlenmukositis genauer untersucht werden kann.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100060050047
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kraniale und zervikale Chordome (1998)
    Springer
    Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie 2 (1998), S. 153-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-3940
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Typisches Chordom ; Pathohistologie ; Immunhistochemie ; Differentialdiagnose ; Key words Typical chordoma ; Pathohistology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Differential diagnosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Cranial and cervical chordomas can spread by para- or retropharyngeal extension up to the region of the salivary glands or the jaw and may simulate a tumor of the salivary glands or jaw. In occasional cases, because the tumors often expand slowly, months or years may pass between the first clinical symptoms and diagnosis. Diagnostic problems exist in differentiating these chordomas from pleomorphic adenoma, mucinous carcinoma, or chondrosarcoma. Ten relevant observations of typical cranial and cervical chordomas (Salivary Gland Register Hamburg 1965–1996) were analyzed more closely by pathohistological and immunohistochemical means. The exact diagnosis is based upon the evidence of blown-up, bubble-like („physaliform“) cells which contain mucus drops in a vacuolized cytoplasm and are surrounded by extensive areas of mucoid mucus. The pattern of immunohistochemistry is characterized by the multifold expression of cytokeratin, vimentin, and EMA. The differential diagnosis is discussed with reference to further types of chordoma (chondroid chordoma, dedifferentiated chordoma with spindle cell sarcomatous transformation), chondrosarcoma, pleomorphic adenoma, and mucus-producing carcinoma.
    Notes: Kraniale und zervikale Chordome können sich bei para- oder retropharyngealer Ausbreitung bis zur Speicheldrüsen- oder Kieferregion ausbreiten und einen Speicheldrüsen- oder Kiefertumor vortäuschen. Da die Tumoren oft langsam wachsen, vergehen vom Auftreten der ersten klinischen Symptome bis zur Diagnosestellung mitunter Monate oder Jahre. Differentialdiagnostische Probleme bestehen in der Abgrenzung zu pleomorphen Adenomen, schleimbildenden Karzinomen oder Chondrosarkomen. 10 einschlägige Beobachtungen von typischen kranialen und zervikalen Chordomen des Speicheldrüsenregisters Hamburg (1965–1996) werden pathohistologisch und immunhistochemisch näher analysiert. Die exakte Diagnose beruht auf dem Nachweis von aufgeblähten blasenförmigen („physaliformen“) Zellen, welche in einem vakuolisierten Zytoplasma Schleimtropfen enthalten und von ausgedehnten mukoiden Schleimseen umgeben sind. Das immunhistochemische Expressionsmuster ist durch die Mehrfachexpression von Zytokeratin, Vimentin und EMA gekennzeichnet. Die Differentialdiagnose zu weiteren Chordomtypen (chondroides Chordom, entdifferenziertes Chordom mit spindelzelliger sarkomatöser Transformation), zum Chondrosarkom, pleomorphen Adenom und schleimbildenden Karzinom wird erörtert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100060050051
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spinal cord evoked potentials and edema in the pathophysiology of rat spinal cord injury (1998)
    Springer
    Amino acids 14 (1998), S. 131-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-2199
    Keywords: Nitric oxide ; Spinal cord evoked potentials ; Edema ; Cell changes ; p-CPA ; Diazepam ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The possibility that nitric oxide is somehow involved in the early bioelectrical disturbances following spinal cord injury in relation to the later pathophysiology of the spinal cord was examined in a rat model of spinal cord trauma. A focal trauma to the rat spinal cord was produced by an incision of the right dorsal horn of the T 10–11 segments under urethane anaesthesia. The spinal cord evoked potentials (SCEP) were recorded using epidural electrodes placed over the T9 and T12 segments of the cord following supramaximal stimulation of the right tibial and sural nerves in the hind leg. Trauma to the spinal cord significantly attenuated the SCEP amplitude (about 60%) immediately after injury which persisted up to 1h. However, a significant increase in SCEP latency was seen at the end of 5h after trauma. These spinal cord segments exhibited profound upregulation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) immunoreactivity, and the development of edema and cell injury. Pretreatment with a serotonin synthesis inhibitor drug p-chlorophenylalanine (p-CPA) or an anxiolytic drug diazepam significantly attenuated the decrease in SCEP amplitude, upregulation of NOS, edema and cell injury. On the other hand, no significant reduction in SCEP amplitude, NOS immunolabelling, edema or cell changes were seen after injury in rats pretreated with L-NAME. These observations suggest that nitric oxide is somehow involved in the early disturbances of SCEP and contribute to the later pathophysiology of spinal cord injury.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01345253
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brain derived neurotrophic factor and insulin like growth factor-1 attenuate upregulation of nitric oxide synthase and cell injury following trauma to the spinal cord (1998)
    Springer
    Amino acids 14 (1998), S. 121-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-2199
    Keywords: Brain derived neurotrophic factor ; Insulin like growth factor-1 ; Nitric oxide ; Spinal cord injury ; Edema ; Cell injury ; Blood-spinal cord barrier ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The possibility that brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF) induced neuroprotectivn is influenced by mechanisms involving nitric oxide was examined in a rat model of focal spinal cord injury. BDNF or IGF-I (0.1 μg/10 [1 in phosphate buffer saline) was applied topically 30 min before injury on the exposed spinal cord followed by repeated doses of growth factors immediately before and 30 min after injury. Thereafter application of BDNF or IGF was carried out at every 1 h interval until sacrifice. Five hours after injury, the tissue pieces from the T9 segment were processed for nNOS immunostaining, edema and cell injury. Untreated injured rats showed a profound upregulation of nNOS which was most pronounced in the nerve cells of the ipsilateral side. A marked increase in the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) permeability to125I-albumin, water content and cell injury in these perifocal segments was also found. Pretreatment with BDNF and IGF significantly reduced the upregulation of nNOS in the spinal cord. This effect of the growth factors was most pronounced in the contralateral side. Rats treated with these neurotrophic factors showed much less signs of BSCB damage, edema and cell injury. These results suggest that BDNF and IGF pretreatment is neuroprotective in spinal cord injury and that these neurotrophic factors have the capacity to down regulate nNOS expression following trauma to the spinal cord. Our data provide new experimental evidences which suggest that BDNF and IGF may exert their potential neuroprotective effects probably via regulation of NOS activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01345252
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhanced expression of selectins in human skin wounds (1998)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 112 (1998), S. 39-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Key words Selectins ; Wound age ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Notes: Abstract The aim of the study was to characterize the vitality and age of skin wounds by the detection of selectins. A prospective study was conducted for this purpose in which 197 vital human skin wounds (time since injury ranging from 3 min to 790 days) were investigated immunohistologically. Of the samples tested, 97 were taken from autopsy material and 100 from patient material from the department of surgery at the university hospital. The selectins were detected in paraffin sections after autoclaving and using the ABC technique. The intensity was rated by a semi-quantitative evaluation using a four-stage ordinal scale. Strong positive immunohistochemical reactions were observed for the P-selectin 3 min at the earliest and 7 h at the latest after the time of injury. For the E-selectin a positive staining was evident 1 h at the earliest and 17 days at the latest from the time the skin was injured. The staining intensity decreased significantly after an interval of 12 h from the time of injury (P 〈 0.05). The L-selectin was regularly detected on leukocytes in thesamples of injured skin. The immunohistochemical results for the P- and E-selectins were significantly different between injured and uninjured skin (P 〈 0.01). The expression of the selectins is indicative of the vitality of the wound. P-selectin was detected in a few cases (n = 4) at low intensity while E-selectin could not be found in the control samples (n = 31) of postmortem skin wounds. The use of P- and E-selectins for forensic purposes can help to achieve better estimates of the age of wounds with short survival times.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004140050196
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Do metallothioneins affect the response to treatment in testis cancers? (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 124 (1998), S. 31-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Key words Metallothionein ; Immunohistochemistry ; Testicular germ cell tumors ; Response to treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purpose: Data on the involvement of elevated metallothionein (MT) expression in resistance to some of the commonly used anticancer treatments are scattered and conflicting. This encouraged us to examine further the contribution of metallothionein expression to the development of this resistance phenotype. Patients and methods: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks of primary untreated germ cell testicular tumor specimens, obtained from 77 patients following radical orchiectomy, were examined for their MT expression using monoclonal antibody and immunohistochemistry. Clinical staging, the chemotherapeutic schedule and evaluation of response to treatment (defining objective response) were performed according to UICC criteria. Results: All tumor types, including seminomas and nonseminomas, expressed MT, regardless of their histology and clinical stage. The immunoreactivity of MT showed a significant positive correlation with the clinical sensitivity of cancer to antitumor therapy (P = 0.0001). Conclusion: In patients with germ cell testicular tumors, high MT expression, as detected by immunohistochemistry, predicts a better response rate to chemotherapy whereas tumors lacking or demonstrating low MT expression show a worse prognosis. These data do not support the hypothesis that MT overexpression contributes to cisplatinum resistance, at least in this tumor type.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004320050130
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of the proliferation index in gastric carcinomas with the monoclonal antibody MIB 1 (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 124 (1998), S. 49-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Key words Proliferation index ; Gastric carcinoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Monoclonal antibody MIB 1
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Our study aimed to reveal whether the proliferation index of tumor cells, calculated with the monoclonal antibody (mAb) MIB1, is of prognostic relevance in patients with a gastric carcinoma and shows any correlation to well-known clinicopathological factors (TNM categories, stage, grade, Laurén type). We examined formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of samples from 94 patients, who underwent surgery for an adenocarcinoma of the stomach between 1988 and 1991. Specimens were immunohistochemically stained using the mAb MIB1 in combination with the alkaline-phosphatase/anti-(alkaline phosphatase) technique. The proliferation index (PI) was estimated in various areas of interest (tumor center and periphery and in lymph node metastases of compartments I and II), by always counting 200 tumor cells in three different high-power fields per specimen, and calculated as the percentage of MIB1-positive tumor cell nuclei relative to all tumor cell nuclei in the area examined. The total PI in the primary tumor was 47.2% and slightly higher in the center (49.1%) compared to the periphery (44.7%). Surprisingly in lymph node metastases the PI was lower than in the primary tumor (compartment I: 39.5%, compartment II: 33.6%). Tumors with distant metastases revealed a higher proliferative activity (55.1%) than tumors without (44.3%). The PI increased significantly from well to poorly differentiated carcinomas (P 〈 0.01), whereas the intestinal Laurén type showed a lower PI than the diffuse type. No difference in survival was found between patients with a median PI or less and those with a PI above the median (47.2%). Our results show that the proliferation index in gastric carcinomas has no prognostic relevance and therefore is of low clinical value.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004320050133
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase-1 in human pancreatic adenocarcinomas (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 124 (1998), S. 65-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Key words Membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MT-MMP-1) ; Human pancreatic adenocarcinoma ; Desmoplasia ; Non-radioactive in situ hybridization ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The expression of a new type of matrix metalloproteinase, membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MT-MMP-1), was examined in 24 cases of primary pancreatic adenocarcinomas and 9 cases of secondary liver tumors derived from pancreatic adenocarcinomas, using a non-radioactive in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical methods. Out of 24 cases of primary pancreatic adenocarcinomas, 18 showed positive expression of MT-MMP-1 transcripts in cancer cells and 20 of 24 showed positive expression in the tumor stromal cells. The immunoreactivity of the gene products for MT-MMP-1 was demonstrated to be almost the same, as shown by in situ hybridization in these 24 cases. In particular, both the staining intensity for MT-MMP-1 transcripts and the immunoreactivity of the gene products in the tumor stromal cells of mucinous cystadenocarcinomas were significantly weaker than those of common-type ductal adenocarcinomas among the 24 cases. All of the 9 cases of secondary liver tumors derived from pancreatic adenocarcinomas showed positive expression for MT-MMP-1 transcripts but less immunoreactivity for the gene products. These results suggest that MT-MMP-1 is transcribed and translated in both cancer cells and the tumor stromal cells in human pancreatic adenocarcinomas. Furthermore, considering that common-type ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas usually shows a strong desmoplastic reaction, while mucinous cystadenocarcinoma typically does not, MT-MMP-1 expressed in the tumor stromal cells of common-type adenocarcinomas may be involved in processes leading to the desmoplastic reaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004320050137
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The time-related expression of p53 protein in human skin wounds – a quantitative immunohistochemical analysis (1998)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 111 (1998), S. 169-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Key words Protein p53 ; Wound age ; Immunohistochemistry ; Quantitative image analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Notes: Abstract The time-dependent expression of p53 protein during wound healing has been investigated by immunochemistry in fibroblastic cells of skin wounds ranging between a few minutes and 11 weeks old. When compared to uninjured skin, an increased expression of p53 was found earliest in a wound with a postinfliction interval of 3 days. The ratio (r) of positively stained cells in relation to the total number of fibroblastic cells in the wound area of this specimen was about 0.2. A considerable increase in the expression of p53 (r 〉 0.5) was first found in a wound aged 8 days and in wounds with postinfliction intervals ranging between 3 and 11 weeks, where the ratio of positive cells was between 0.40 and 0.64. Therefore, it can be calculated that r-values of at least 0.5 indicate a postinfliction interval of approximately 1 week or more. Since comparably low numbers of positively stained fibroblastic cells were found in specimens with an advanced wound duration, reliable information for a forensic wound age estimation can only be provided by positive results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004140050142
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Active collagen synthesis in infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (1998)
    Springer
    Pediatric surgery international 13 (1998), S. 237-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Keywords: Key words Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis ; Procollagen type I extracellular matrix ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract M-57 antibody, which is capable of distinguishing newly-synthesized type I procollagen from fully-processed, mature collagen, was used to examine the expression of collagen synthesis in hypertrophic pyloric muscle from patients with infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS). Seven specimens from IHPS patients were removed at the time of operation; age-matched normal pyloric tissue of 5 post-mortem cases was obtained as controls. Immunohistochemistry was performed using antibody of the amino-terminal end of the procollagen type I propeptide (M-57). Newly-synthesized procollagen (M-57) was strongly detected in both the connective tissue septa between circular muscle bundles, and among the circular-muscle fibers in patients with IHPS. No M-57 staining was observed among the circular-muscle fibers in controls. Our findings show that the hypertrophic circular muscle in IHPS is actively synthesizing collagen, and this may be responsible for the characteristic “firm” nature of the pyloric tumor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003830050306
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of Ca2+-binding S100 proteins in epithelial tumours of the skin (1998)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 432 (1998), S. 53-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Ca2+-binding S-100 proteins ; Epithelial tumours ; Skin ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The Ca2+-binding proteins S100A1, S100A2, S100A4, S100A6 and S100B were evaluated immunohistochemically in normal skin and skin appendage tumours. Epidermal basal cells, epithelial cells of sebaceous glands, hair follicle sheet epithelia and eccrine duct reacted strongly with an antiserum against human S100A2 but were nonreactive or weakly reactive to S100A1, S100A4, S100A6 and S100B. Varying types of skin appendage tumours and most peripheral cells in tumour nests of basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma showed positive S100A2 immunoreactivity in neoplastic cells corresponding to basal cells but were nonreactive or faintly reactive for other S100 proteins. Langerhan’s cells and melanocytes were labelled by S100B. Basophilic cells of calcifying epithelioma were occasionally stained with S100A2 antiserum. Eccrine poroma did not react with any S100 antiserum. Mixed tumours of the skin containing neoplastic myoepithelial cells stained strongly for S100A2 and S100B but only faintly for S100A1, S100A4, S100A6. This is the first report on selective evaluation of different S100 proteins in normal skin. These antibodies are valuable tools for better characterization of skin appendage tumours.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050134
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of the inflammatory infiltrate in autoimmune cholangitis (1998)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 432 (1998), S. 217-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Cholangitis ; Autoimmune diseases ; T-Lymphocyte subsets ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Autoimmune cholangitis (AIC) is characterised by clinical and/or laboratory features of cholestasis, the presence of antinuclear antibodies and the lack of antimitochondrial antibodies. Histologically, changes largely identical to those found in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) are typically found. It is not possible to differentiate between AIC and PBC on conventional morphological grounds, and we therefore wished to find whether there is a difference between these entities in the composition of the inflammatory infiltrate leading to bile duct destruction. In liver biopsies from ten patients with confirmed AIC and ten patients with PBC the inflammatory infiltrate was characterised with antibodies against CD 3, OPD 4 CD 8, GB 7, L 26, CD 56 and CD 57. In AIC, T cells were predominant in the portal inflammatory infiltrate in nine cases. Granzyme B-positive activated cytolytic T lymphocytes were found in the bile duct epithelium in five cases. All these five cases showed inflammatory bile duct destruction. No significant differences between the immunohistochemical findings in AIC and in PBC were found. We suggest that AIC is a subgroup of PBC, antimitochondrial antibody-negative type.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050158
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extranodal follicular dendritic cell tumour of the nasopharynx (1998)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 432 (1998), S. 293-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Follicular dendritic cell tumour ; Nasopharynx ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; PCR
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  We report the first case of an extranodal follicular dendritic cell (FDC) tumour localized in the nasopharynx of a 44-year-old male patient. The tumour cells were characterized immunohistochemically by strong expression of CD21, HLA-DR and vimentin and focal expression of CD68 and cytokeratin. Electron microscopic examination revealed desmosomal cell junctions between adjacent cell processes. Molecular genetic analysis using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed germline configuration of immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor genes. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genomes were detectable by PCR. After complete surgical tumour removal and radiotherapy the patient is disease-free 20 months after the initial diagnosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050168
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical detection of c-fos and c-jun expression in osseous and cartilaginous tumours of the skeleton (1998)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 432 (1998), S. 515-519 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words c-fos ; c-jun ; Bone neoplasms ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The products of c-fos and c-jun proto-oncogenes form the heterodimeric complex AP-1 (activator protein 1), which play an important part in the control of bone cell proliferation and differentiation and in the development of bone tumours. We examined the expression of c-fos and c-jun in a series of 52 primary skeletal neoplasms, using an immunohistochemical method on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections. The expression of c-fos and c-jun was restricted to bone-forming lesions, while cartilaginous tumours were devoid of immunoreactivity. In benign osteoblastic lesions moderate c-fos and c-jun expression was found in 2 cases (18.1%). The highest levels of c-fos and c-jun expression were detected in high-grade central osteosarcomas (7 of 15 cases with moderate/diffuse expression) while 1 telangiectatic osteosarcoma, 2 low-grade central osteosarcomas, 1 low-grade periosteal osteosarcoma and 7 low-grade parosteal osteosarcomas were either negative or had low expression. The high-grade component of a dedifferentiated parosteal osteosarcoma showed diffuse immunoreactivity for both oncoproteins. Comparison of c-fos and c-jun expression by histological grade showed that high-grade osteosarcomas had a significantly higher expression of both oncoproteins than did low-grade osteosarcomas (P = 0.01, Fisher’s exact test). Thus, c-fos and c-jun overexpression may be implicated in the development of high-grade osteosarcomas, but they appear to have little or no relevance for the development of low-grade osteosarcomas and cartilaginous skeletal neoplasms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050199
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pathomorphological aspects of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia II (HIT-II syndrome) (1998)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 432 (1998), S. 541-546 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Heparin ; Thrombocytopenia ; Thrombosis ; Pathomorphology ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The therapeutic use of heparin results in thrombocytopenia in 5–30% of patients. In 0.1–1% of patients treated with heparin, the platelet count decreases to between 100 × 109/l and 50 × 109/l and leads to severe synchronous central arterial and venous thrombosis with a mortality of 18–36%. This is known as ”white-clot syndrome” or heparin-induced thrombocytopenia II (HIT-II syndrome). Whilst the clinical aspects and the central type of thrombosis in HIT-II syndrome are well documented, the histomorphology and differential diagnosis of thrombosis are not. We report three cases of HIT-II syndrome with thrombosis of the central arteries and veins. The HIT-II thrombi could be differentiated from thrombi of other origins, particularly from mural thrombi. Heparin-induced thrombi were seen on microscopical examination to be like onion skin in structure, and immunohistochemistry showed that they had a markedly reduced content of fibrin and clearly enhanced amounts of IgG and IgM. The layered structure thus implied appositional growth. The thrombi in HIT-II syndrome do not seem to be induced by activation of the coagulation cascade, but by platelet aggregation mediated by anti-platelet antibodies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050203
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vascular patterns in the normal and pathological human adrenal cortex (1998)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 433 (1998), S. 69-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Adrenal gland ; Vascular supply ; Immunohistochemistry ; Adrenal neoplasms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The vasculature of the adrenal gland has been studied by microinjection techniques in a variety of species. While there is general agreement about the overall patterns, some uncertainty still exists over the structure of medullary arteries and the connections between the sinusoids of the cortex and medulla. We have taken a new approach to these problems by applying immunohistochemical techniques to the human adrenal gland, identifying overall vascular patterns by endothelial expression of CD34 and muscular channels by smooth muscle actin. We have also examined adrenal nodules, adenomas and carcinomas to see whether these can be differentiated on the basis of their vascular patterns. The general pattern in the normal gland was similar to that found in injection studies, but there appeared to be more connections between sinusoids of the zona fasciculata than previously reported. There was direct continuity between cortical and medullary sinusoids. Medullary arteries were demonstrated as thin-walled vessels. Immunopositivity for smooth muscle actin was present in sinusoids, apparently in endothelial cells, suggesting that they may express this protein and thus have a contractile function. Macronodules and adenomas could not be reliably distinguished, both showing a rich network of sinusoidal vessels. Carcinomas showed marked disorganization, with large-calibre vessels interspersed with irregular networks of vessels of very small calibre.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050218
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical localization of metallothionein in synovial tissue of patients with chronic inflammatory and degenerative joint disease (1998)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 433 (1998), S. 153-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Metallothionein ; Immunohistochemistry ; Synovial tissue ; Rheumatic diseases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Metallothioneins (MTs) are low-molecular-weight cytosolic proteins, which are thought to participate in metal homeostasis and protection against metal toxicity and oxidative stress. MT synthesis can be induced by a variety of inflammatory mediators and antirheumatic drugs, and high levels of MT have been implicated in resistance of cells to some antirheumatic drugs. We studied the expression and localization of MT in synovial tissue samples from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis or osteoarthritis (OA) by quantitative immunohistochemistry. Immunostaining for MT was detected in a large number of intimal lining cells in most of the investigated synovial tissue samples (75%). In a smaller proportion of samples (42%), some of the fibroblast-like cells of the subsynovial layer were also MT positive. Immunostaining and double-staining experiments with antibodies against monocyte-, macrophage- and leucocyte-associated antigens suggested that most of the MT-positive cells were intimal fibroblast-like cells and subsynovial fibroblasts. However, there were no statistically significant differences in the intensity of staining for MT between the rheumatic diseases and OA at the single-cell level. Thus, MT is expressed in synovial tissue and may participate in homeostatic and protective functions. The interindividual variability in the expression of MT in synovial tissue may be related to the therapeutic efficacy of the gold compounds and chemotherapeutic antirheumatic drugs sequestered by MT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050230
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential diagnosis of glandular proliferations in the prostate (1998)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 433 (1998), S. 397-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Atypical small acinar lesions ; Prostate cancer ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A variety of small acinar lesions of the prostate can mimic prostate cancer in punch biopsies and in transurethral resection material. The first part of this review deals with differential diagnostic problems of the central and transition zone, including atypical adenomatous hyperplasia of the prostate, atrophic processes, sclerosing adenosis, basal cell hyperplasia, and low-grade adenocarcinoma. The second part deals with differential diagnostic problems in the peripheral zone: prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, postatrophic hyperplasia, Cowper’s glands, seminal vesicles, and ductal and intraductal carcinoma. Finally, atypical and small acinar proliferations are described. Diagnostic perspectives are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050266
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cutaneous nerves in atopic dermatitis (1998)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 432 (1998), S. 363-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Atopic dermatitis ; Pruritus ; Cutaneous nerve ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Although pruritus is the cardinal symptom of atopic dermatitis, its mechanism is not well understood. Free nerve endings in the skin are involved in pruritus as itching receptors. We studied the cutaneous nerve fibres in lichenified lesions of 16 patients with adult atopic dermatitis. On immunohistochemistry, fibres immunoreactive for neurofilament, neuron-specific enolase, and protein gene product 9.5 were observed in the papillary dermis and dermoepidermal junctions as well as in the epidermis. In these areas, no fibres stained positively for substance P, neuropeptide Y, vasoactive intestinal peptide, beta endorphin, somatostatin or serotonin. On electron microscopy, the ultrastructure of subepidermal and intraepidermal free nerve endings appeared to be essentially normal. However, the distribution density of the cutaneous nerve fibres was much higher than in normal controls, and the diameter of these fibres was much larger, because of the large number of axons in each nerve fibre. Degranulation of mast cells was not seen. These findings suggest that pruritus in lichenified atopic skin is probably not caused by damage to the cutaneous free nerve endings. In such lesions, the number of the cutaneous free nerve endings is greatly increased, but they may have a normal function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050179
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diagnosis and immunohistochemical classification of systemic amyloidoses (1998)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 433 (1998), S. 19-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Systemic amyloidosis ; Postmortem study ; Immunohistochemistry ; Classification ; Histomorphological pattern
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Fourty-three cases of systemic amyloidosis were identified in an unselected autopsy series from our institute (6305 autopsies between 1979 and 1993) and classified immunohistochemically by means of a panel of antisera directed against five major amyloid fibril proteins. Amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis was the most common type, being found in 21 cases (48.8%). Transthyretin-derived (ATTR) amyloidosis was present in 11 cases (25.6%), and immunoglobulin light chain-derived (AL) amyloidosis in 10 cases (23.3%). A single case (2.3%) contained deposits of more than one type of systemic amyloid. AA amyoloidosis was associated with chronic inflammatory or infectious diseases (81%), malignant tumours (19%) or both (9.5%). Immunoglobulin light chain-derived amyloidoses were associated with myeloma (50%) or primary (idiopathic; 50%). In AA and AL amyloidosis the kidney was the organ most frequently involved. ATTR amyloid affecting mostly the heart and lungs presented as senile systemic amyloidosis. Systemic amyloidosis was the cause of death in 5 cases (12%) and caused symptoms in 17 cases (39%). Our results suggest that most cases can be classified by using a panel of sensitive and specific antibodies against five major amyloid fibril proteins. This technique may make amyloid type-specific therapy possible for AL amyloid patients who do not have evidence of an underlying plasma cell dyscrasia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050211
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of cyclin Ds in relation to p53 status in human breast carcinomas (1998)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 433 (1998), S. 223-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Breast cancer ; Cyclin D1 ; p53 ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Cyclin D1 has been reported to be overexpressed in many tumours, including breast carcinomas. Cyclin D1 was first identified as a protooncogene (BCL1/PRAD1), and its overexpression was related to tumour proliferation. The product has also recently been identified as important in mediating cell cycle growth arrest via the p53 pathway in murin fibroblast cell lines. Ninety breast carcinomas previously analysed for p53 status were analysed for amplification of cyclin D1, D2 and D3 genes by Southern blot analysis and for protein expression by immunhistochemistry. In 10 samples gene amplification was detected at the cyclin D1 locus. No gene amplification was detected at the cyclin D2 and D3 loci. Immunoreactivity for cyclin D1 was detected in 38 (42.2%) tumour tissue samples. Fifty samples were immunostained for cyclin D2 and D3. Only 2 samples (4%) showed immunoreactivty for cyclin D2, and 9 samples (18%) for cyclin D3. Cyclin D1 protein overexpression was significantly more often found in tumours with wild type p53 and in tumours with higher grades of differentiation expressing ER. No association was seen between gene amplification of the cyclin D1 gene and p53 status. We conclude there is a relationship between wild type p53 and cyclin D1 protein overexpression in clinical material, indicating that cyclin D1 may be another downstream effector of p53.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050240
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of CD44 expression in early colorectal carcinomas of the de novo and ex adenoma types (1998)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 433 (1998), S. 407-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words CD44 ; Colorectal carcinoma ; Carcinogenesis ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Small colorectal carcinomas without morphological evidence of origin from an adenoma have been called ”de novo” carcinomas. As changes in the expression of the adhesion molecule CD44 and its variants have been described along the adenoma-carcinoma sequence in colorectal carcinoma, we compared patterns of CD44 expression in early de novo and ex-adenoma colorectal carcinomas by staining specimens from a group of early (pT1) colorectal carcinomas by immunohistochemistry for CD44 (standard and variant forms v3, v5, v6, v7, v7/8, v10). We evaluated carcinoma, adenoma (ex-adenoma cases), transitional mucosal areas and apparently nonneoplastic mucosa peripheral to the lesions (when present). A marked increase was seen in numbers and intensity of standard and variant forms of CD44 in carcinomatous areas compared with nonneoplastic mucosa in both groups, with no significant difference between the groups. However, adenoma areas of the ex-adenoma cases and the transitional mucosa of the de novo carcinomas had nearly identical staining patterns. Together with data from other molecular studies, this may be interpreted as evidence for an adenoma-type precursor lesion in so-called de novo colorectal carcinomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050267
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical study of hormone receptor and hormone-regulated protein expression in phyllodes tumour: comparison with fibroadenoma (1998)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 433 (1998), S. 311-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Phyllodes tumour ; Androgen receptor ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The histogenesis of phyllodes tumour (PT) and that of fibroadenoma (FA) of the breast appear to be closely related. FA is thought to be hormonally responsive, while the hormone-responsiveness of PT is uncertain. To gain insight into hormone-responsiveness of PT, we performed immunohistochemical analysis of oestrogen-regulated pS2 and androgen-regulated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) protein expression and also of oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR) and androgen receptor (AR) expression in paraffin sections obtained from 50 female PT patients. Paraffin sections taken from 50 female fibroadenoma (FA) patients were analysed for comparison. ER, PgR, pS2, AR and PSA expression were detected in 32%, 96%, 20% 98% and 4.0% of PT sections and in 28%, 96%, 42% 80% and 10% of FA sections, respectively. No correlations were detected among ER, PgR and pS2 expression or between AR and PSA expression in PT or FA sections. PgR expression was significantly associated with AR expression in PT (P〈0.0001). The present investigations indicate that PT and FA have almost similar hormone receptor status. However, different positivities of pS2 expression suggest that oestrogen-responsiveness may differ between PT and FA. In addition, a wide-ranging co-expression of AR and PgR in PT sections suggests that these receptors may play an important part in the proliferation, although the functional significance of these receptors should be elucidated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050254
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of p53 and associated factors on the outcome of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (1998)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 433 (1998), S. 427-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Oral ; squamous cell carcinoma ; Tumour suppressor gene ; Prognosis ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  In several tumour entities the immunohistochemical detection of p53 has proved to be a predictive factor for the survival of the patients. In this study the effector waf1 and the regulator mdm2 responsible for the inactivation of p53 were also determined in 156 tissue samples of primary squamous cell carcinomas in the oral cavity and oropharynx, their lymph node metastases, and the epithelium outside the invasively growing tumour from 107 patients. In this latter epithelium there was a significant correlation between grade of dysplasia and staining for p53 (P〈0.01). In the dysplastic epithelium a significant correlation between p53, waf1, and mdm2 was shown (P〈0.05). Differences in the immunohistochemical staining between different blocks of the tumour tissue and also between primary tumours and their lymph node metastases were revealed in 11–44% of cases, but there was no correlation with other variables, such as formation of lymph node metastases. In contrast to the conventional tumour grading and staging, no influence of any of the variables determined on survival or recurrence-free survival could be detected. It seems that p53 and associated factors are important in the early stages of cancerogenesis but not in further tumour progression and metastatic spread.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050270
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of intrahepatic mast cells in various hepatobiliary disorders (1998)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 433 (1998), S. 471-479 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Mast cells ; Hepatic fibrosis ; Immunohistochemistry ; Tryptase ; Basic fibroblast growth factor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  There is evidence that mast cells are involved in a number of pathophysiological processes. The significance of mast cells in hepatic fibrosis was examined in 28 patients with histologically normal livers, 34 with acute liver diseases, 51 with chronic liver diseases, and 59 with cholestatic biliary diseases, using immunostaining of the mast cell-specific proteinase, tryptase. Mast cells that were positive for tryptase and for chymase were significantly increased in frequency in fibrotic portal tracts and fibrous septa, particularly in cholestatic/biliary diseases. Mast cells were also increased in frequency around the fibrotic septal and intrahepatic large bile ducts and peribiliary glands of biliary diseases. However, they were less common or even rare in the sclerotic bile ducts and in scarred portal or septal fibrosis. More than half of these more numerous mast cells were positive for histamine, and some were also positive for basic fibroblast growth factor. These two substances were detectable by immunoelectron microscopic in the cytoplasmic granules of mast cells. In contrast, mast cell numbers were not significantly increased in acute viral or drug-induced hepatitis, or in zones 2 and 3 of the hepatic acinus with respect to pericellular and perivenular fibrosis in chronic liver diseases. These findings suggest that mast cells increase in number in cholestatic/biliary diseases, and to a lesser degree in chronic liver diseases, and are involved in the active fibrous enlargement of portal tract and fibrous septa formation and also in the fibrosis of the intrahepatic bile ducts as they display fibrosis-promoting factors such as tryptase, fibroblast growth factor and histamine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050276
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Defects of the respiratory chain in hepatic oncocytes (1998)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 432 (1998), S. 349-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Oncocytes ; Liver ; Cytochrome-c-oxidase ; Immunohistochemistry ; Respiratory chain defect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Oxyphilic hepatocytes, also called hepatic oncocytes, have been found in 20 of 47 cirrhotic livers (42%) with defects of the respiratory chain. Immunohistochemical studies using antisera against cytochrome-c-oxidase (complex IV) revealed respiratory chain-deficient oxyphilic foci in 16 of the 20 cases (75%). Fourteen percent of the oxyphilic areas were deficient, whereas only 8.5% of the nonoxyphilic liver nodules showed respiratory chain defects (P 〈 0.004). In addition, oxyphilic foci made up about 18% of all defective areas but were present in only 11.5% of the regenerative nodules. These results illustrate that oxyphilic cell change is associated with a higher propensity for the development of respiratory chain defects, but is not obligatory for this.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050177
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mammary foam cells (1998)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 432 (1998), S. 433-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Breast ; Foam cells ; Immunohistochemistry ; GCDFP15-PIP gene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Cells showing abundant, finely vacuolized cytoplasm (foam cells) are found frequently in most benign lesions of the breast and in certain malignant breast tumours. The origin of mammary foam cells (FCs) has not been clarified, and we therefore studied the morphological features of mammary FCs in a series of 50 benign lesions. The FCs were subdivided, on the basis of their distribution into FCs lining the glandular lumina, intraluminal FCs, intraepithelial-pagetoid FCs, and stromal FCs. The lesions were tested with a panel of antibodies against macrophage (MAC 387, CD68) and epithelial (epithelial membrane antigen [EMA], gross cystic disease fluid protein 15 [GCDFP15] and cytokeratin) markers. The lesions were examined for the presence of PIP/GCDFP15-specific mRNA by an in situ hybridization technique. Three different types of FCs were identified. Type A FCs are epithelial cells (positivity with EMA and cytokeratin) and show apocrine differentiation (positivity with GCDFP15 antiserum and expression of PIP/GCDFP15 mRNA). Type B FCs are of macrophage origin, as they are positive with the macrophage markers and lack cytokeratin and PIP/GCDFP15 mRNA. Finally, type C FCs show an intermediate profile between an epithelial cell and a macrophage: they are both CD68 and GCDFP15 positive and show a thin peripheral rim of positivity with anti-cytokeratin antibody. They lack PIP/GCDFP15 mRNA. Our results indicate the possibility of a spectrum of phenotypes in mammary FCs, from epithelial-apocrine cells to macrophage-derived phagocytic cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050187
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poorly differentiated desmin-negative and vimentin-positive leiomyosarcoma of the stomach examined by the immunohistochemical and quick-freezing and deep-etching methods (1998)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 432 (1998), S. 377-383 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Leiomyosarcoma ; Stomach ; Immunohistochemistry ; Quick-freezing ; Deep-etching
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A poorly differentiated leiomyosarcoma of the stomach in a 41-year-old woman is reported. The diagnosis was confirmed by the diffuse immunohistochemical reaction to HHF35, and the presence of focal density and caveolas in some of the tumour cells by conventional electron microscopy. Immunohistochemically, most tumour cells had an undifferentiated nature, in which negative immunostaining for desmin, alpha-smooth muscle actin, and type IV collagen, and positive immunostaining for vimentin were observed. By the quick-freezing and deep-etching (QF-DE) method, these tumour cells revealed the loss of bundled actin and myosin filaments, which constitute desmin associated structures (focal densities and dense patchy areas). Their cytoplasm had many mitochondria and other cell organelles. The intermediate filaments (IFs), which were determined to be vimentin by immunohistochemistry, were observed in the inter-organellar spaces, and connected with these cell organelles. Actin filaments formed a meshwork structure and were distributed mainly in subplasmalemmal regions. Although a basal lamina was not detected by conventional electron microscopy, basal lamina-like structures, an association between the extracellular matrices and the cell membrane, were observed. Using the QF-DE method, three dimensional ultrastructural alterations of the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix of the leiomyosarcoma were observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050181
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pancreatic leiomyosarcoma (1998)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 432 (1998), S. 469-472 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Leiomyosarcoma ; Pancreatic neoplasms ; Human tumours ; Immunohistochemistry ; Flow cytometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A leiomyosarcoma originating from the pancreas of a 57-year-old man is presented. A 6×5×4 cm tumour was located in the head region, and the patient underwent surgical palliation. Immunohistochemical studies excluded an epithelial origin; a myogenic origin was suggested by strong vimentin and smooth muscle actin positivity. Flow cytometric analysis revealed an aneuploid pattern (DNA index: 1,561). The patient died with widespread metastases 7 month after the operation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050193
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    Electronic Resource
    Reciprocal expression of bcl-2 and p53 oncoproteins in urothelial dysplasia and carcinoma of the urinary bladder (1998)
    Springer
    Urological research 26 (1998), S. 235-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Key words Bcl-2 ; P53 ; Immunohistochemistry ; Urothelial dysplasia ; Bladder cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In order to investigate if and when the bcl-2 oncoprotein is activated in bladder tumorigenesis and its relationship with p53 overexpression and patient survival, we studied bcl-2 and p53 expression immunohistochemically in matched normal urothelium, dysplasia and cancer specimens selected by step-sectioning from 54 radically resected bladders for non-metastatic transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). In normal urothelium and mild dysplasia, bcl-2 was restricted to the basal cell compartment, while in moderate and severe dysplasia its expression was detectable also in the upper regions. Excess bcl-2 immunoreactivity was found in 27 (50%) of carcinomas, and a larger proportion of high-grade TCCs showed bcl-2 expression compared with that of low-grade TCCs (P 〈 0.05). Overexpression of p53 protein showed a increasing trend toward the progression of bladder tumorigenesis (P 〈 0.01) and a significant reciprocal correlation was found between bcl-2 and p53 expression in either various dysplasias (P 〈 0.01) or carcinoma (P 〈 0.05). With the evolution from mild dysplasia to carcinoma in individual cases, loss of bcl-2 expression was more frequently observed in superficial (P 〈 0.02) or low-grade carcinoma (P 〈 0.05) than in muscle-invasive or high-grade carcinoma. Furthermore, patients with negative immunostaining for both bcl-2 and p53 in cancer lesions had a significantly more favorable prognosis compared with those with positive immunostaining for the oncoproteins (P 〈 0.05), although bcl-2 by itself did not predict patient survival. We suggest that aberrant activated bcl-2, which is seen earlier than p53, appears to facilitate bladder tumorigenesis and to enhance tumor aggression in some extent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002400050051
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cyclin D1 expression in gliomas (1998)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 95 (1998), S. 131-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Cyclin D1 ; MIB-1 ; Immunohistochemistry ; Gliomas ; Invasion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cyclin D1 (cycD1) expression was defined immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibody DCS-6 and polyclonal antiserum H-295 in 50 glioma biopsies. The number of positive nuclei was higher for H-295 than for DCS-6, with a ratio of 3:1. The labelling index (LI) was compared to the grade of histological malignancy and to Ki-67 MIB-1 LI. The LI for cycD1 increased with histological malignancy, in parallel with the increase in MIB-1 LI. In most tumours, the maximum LI for cycD1 and MIB-1 were found in the same areas. The mean MIB-1 LI: mean cycD1 LI ratio does not vary in the three grades of astrocytic tumours. However, in this study the correlation between the two LIs was not statistically significant. Staining for cycD1 antigen does not necessarily imply that the gene is overexpressed since other molecular mechanisms can also be responsible for cell cycle deregulation. In invasive areas, the cycD1 LI is frequently higher than in solid tumour, either because more tumour cells are positive or because reactive astrocytes and activated microglia express cycD1. The relative contribution of neoplastic and reactive cells remains to be defined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050776
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of endothelial barrier antigen immunoreactivity in blood vessels following compression trauma to rat spinal cord (1998)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 96 (1998), S. 8-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Endothelial barrier antigen ; Blood-brain ; barrier ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat ; Spinal cord
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The endothelial barrier antigen (EBA) recognised by a monoclonal antibody is expressed in rat cerebral microvessels possessing blood-brain barrier properties but only weakly by fenestrated vessels. We have studied the expression of this marker in the spinal cord of control rats and compared the findings with those seen in rats subjected to compression injury at the T8–9 level with a survival period of 4 h, 24 h, 4 days and 9 days. To that end, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded material was immunostained by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method. Sections from control rats presented a distinct immunostaining at the site of the endothelial cells of almost all microvessels in the grey and white matter of the cord. The anterior and posterior spinal arteries did not show such staining. Neurons and glial cells were unstained. Rats which had survived 4 h after a moderate or severe compression trauma still showed immunoreactivity in intramedullary microvessels at the site of injury. There was a moderate reduction of vascular immunoreactivity at 24 h and a pronounced loss of such reactivity at 4 days after trauma. At 9 days after compression the expression of the endothelial barrier antigen had almost been normalised in the microvessels of the cord. In conclusion, using immunohistochemistry, EBA can be demonstrated in noninjured rat spinal cord microvessels, while the staining disappears at the site of compression trauma to the cord. The EBA marker can be used to indicate sites of vascular injury in spinal cord compression injury. The factors causing the disappearance and restitution of the antigen are unknown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050854
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Do human intracranial arteries lack vasa vasorum? A comparative immunohistochemical study of intracranial and systemic arteries (1998)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 96 (1998), S. 22-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Cerebral arteries ; Human ; Immunohistochemistry ; Vasa vasorum ; Atherosclerosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Vasa vasorum are adventitial vessels that play a role in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, aneurysm, vasculitides, and graft vascular disease. The existence of vasa vasorum in human intracranial arteries is not yet well defined. The specific aims of this study are to determine whether the human intracranial arteries have vasa vasorum, whether their existence is related to the thickness of tunica media as is in systemic vessels, and whether they are acquired in reaction to pathological conditions, such as atherosclerosis and arterial occlusion. Human intracranial internal carotid (i-ICA), vertebral (i-VA), basilar (BA) and middle cerebral arteries (MCA) from adults, children and newborns were examined. Systemic vessels of comparable medial thickness were used as controls. Immunohistochemical staining for Factor VIII and CD 31 was used to identify the endothelial cells. Human intracranial arteries in neonates, children and adults do not have vasa vasorum, although their medial thickness is comparable to their systemic counterparts with vasa vasorum. Only in adults did the proximal intracranial segments of i-ICA and i-VA reveal a few vasa vasorum-like vessels with unusually large diameter. They were more frequently seen in atherosclerosis and thrombotic but again limited to the proximal segments of i-ICA and i-VA. Completely obstructed bilateral carotid arteries in a child with sickle cell disorder revealed a rich adventitial neovascularization in the proximal intracranial part of the vessel. It is not yet known whether obstruction of the distal segments may create similar neovascularizations. Adventitial neovascularizations seen in the proximal i-ICA and i-VA may represent a focal intracranial extension of the vascular pathologies involving the extracranial segments of major cerebral arteries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050856
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunolabelling of the cytoplasm and processes of apoptotic facial motoneurons following axotomy in the neonatal rat (1998)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 95 (1998), S. 223-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Apoptosis ; Axotomy ; c-Jun ; Immunohistochemistry ; Motoneurons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A polyclonal antibody intended to recognize c-Jun (Oncogene Science, c-jun/AP-1, Ab-2) has previously been shown to recognize an apparently novel “apoptosis-specific protein” (ASP) in the cytoplasm of cells undergoing apoptotic cell death in vitro. We have investigated whether this antibody would also serve as a reliable marker for apoptotic motoneurons in vivo. Following transection of the left facial nerve in anesthetized neonatal rat pups, which results in over 90% death of the facial motoneurons, we performed immunohistochemistry on frozen brain stem sections with Oncogene Science Ab-1 and Ab-2 antibodies which are raised against different peptide fragments of c-Jun. While Ab-1/c-Jun labelling was seen in the nuclei of the majority of axotomized motoneurons, Ab-2/ASP immunoreactivity was present only in scattered cells, all of which had characteristic apoptotic morphology. Furthermore, Ab-2/ASP immunoreactivity was cytoplasmic and frequently included the dendrites and axons of dying neurons. Some cerebellar granule cells undergoing postnatal developmental cell death were also Ab-2/ASP positive. The time course of the number of Ab-2/ASP-labelled motoneurons corresponded relatively closely with our previous data on DNA fragmentation in these cells, as assessed by an in situ end labelling (ISEL) technique. When facial nerve axotomy was performed at 7 and 14 days postnatum, resulting in reduced cell death, the number of Ab-2/ASP immunoreactive cells decreased correspondingly. Although the exact identity of the epitope recognized by Ab-2 is unclear, we conclude that, by labelling the cytoplasmic and neuritic components of apoptotic motoneurons, Ab-2/ASP immunohistochemistry is a valuable complementary technique to existing in situ methods based on the detection of fragmented DNA in the cell nucleus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050791
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anti-neuronal nuclear autoantibodies, types 1 and 2: their utility in the study of tumors of the nervous system (1998)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 96 (1998), S. 329-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Anti-neuronal nuclear autoantibodies ; Central nervous system ; Immunohistochemistry ; Tumor classification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This is a comprehensive immunohistochemical study of selected archival tumors of the nervous system applying human anti-neuronal nuclear autoantibodies of types 1 and 2 (ANNA-1 and -2), serum markers of paraneoplastic syndromes associated primarily with small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Neither ANNA-1 nor ANNA-2 bound to glial tumors regardless of histological grade and subtype; instead they labeled neurons in overrun normal parenchyma. Central neurocytomas and the neuronal components of mixed glioneuronal tumors were also immunoreactive for both. In addition, varying proportions of tumor cells were stained in dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor, subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA), tuber and neuroblastoma. All other tumors were nonreactive, namely choroid plexus papilloma, pituitary adenoma, pineocytoma, pheochromocytoma, thymic and pulmonary carcinoid, chordoma, meningioma, schwannoma and metastatic melanoma. SCLC was immunonegative for ANNA-1 and ANNA-2 in paraffin preparations, but displayed strong immunoreactivity for both in frozen sections: this discrepancy was not observed in other tumors studied. In conclusion, the human IgG autoantibodies ANNA-1 and ANNA-2 provide novel tools for studying the cytogenesis of tumors of the nervous system in that they permit the identification of both normal and neoplastic, poorly differentiated and small neuronal cells that may escape detection using commercially available anti-neuronal antibodies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050902
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sarcoid neuromyopathy with selective involvement of the intramuscular nerves (1998)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 95 (1998), S. 437-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Neurosarcoidosis ; Sarcoid myopathy ; Intramuscular nerves ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 35-year-old man affected with pulmonary sarcoidosis had a 12-year history of fatigue and pain in the limbs, with normal neurological examination, except for diffusely absent deep tendon reflexes. Muscle biopsy samples showed multiple noncaseating granulomas, most prominent around the intramuscular nerves, with predominance of CD4+ cells. Intramuscular nerve bundles surrounded by granulomas were immunolabelled with laminin α1, α2, β1 and γ1 chain, and collagen IV. Sural nerve biopsy samples were normal. This patient showed a unique histopathological pattern of sarcoid neuromyopathy characterized by distribution of granulomas or infiltrating cells around intramuscular nerve fibers. The clinical picture, restricted to nonspecific symptoms of fatigue and myalgia, and loss of deep tendon reflexes, correlated well with the selective localization of sarcoid lesions in contiguity with the intramuscular nerves. To our knowledge, this peculiar clinico-pathological correlation has not been reported previously.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050822
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An immunohistochemical study of the ontogeny of the neuroendocrine system in the chicken oesophagus (1998)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 197 (1998), S. 283-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Avian gut ; Immunohistochemistry ; Endocrine cells ; Regulatory peptides ; Intrinsic nervous system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The ontogenesis and distribution of serotonin-, chromogranin A-, chromogranin B-, galanin-, neurotensin-, bombesin- and neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive elements were studied in the chicken oesophagus during pre- and post-hatching life. Unlike positive nerve elements, that were present in pre- and post-hatching life, positive endocrine cells were observed only during embryonic life in the oesophageal epithelium. The first endocrine cells, immunoreactive for serotonin and chromogranins, appeared on day 12, in the cervical and thoracic portions of the oesophagus. At the same age, but only in its distal portion, a few bombesin- and neurotensin-immunoreactive cells also appeared. The number of the endocrine cells progressively increased, reaching a maximum on day 15. They then decreased, with a cranio-caudal progression, until they disappeared a few days after hatching. Almost all the serotonin-immunoreactive cells but only a subpopulation of bombesin- and neurotensin-immunoreactive cells colocalized chromogranins. About half of this subpopulation also colocalized serotonin. All these cells reacted positively with Grimelius argyrophile stain. The mucosa of the crop never contained positive endocrine cells. Positive nervous elements appeared first in the wall of the terminal oesophagus and only one or two days later in the proximal oesophagus including the crop. Nervous elements immunoreactive for galanin first appeared from days 6 to 7, for neurotensin from days 7 to 8, for neuropeptide Y from 13 to 15 and for bombesin from 15 to 18. At day 15 galanin-immunoreactive ganglionic cells and fibres occupied both the myenteric and submucous plexus and galanin-positive nerve fibres could be seen throughout the oesophageal wall from the adventitia to a thin subepithelial network. Neurotensin- and neuropeptide Y-immunopositive ganglionic cells and fibres, by contrast, invariably occupied the muscular and submucous layers. Scattered bombesin-immunoreactive ganglionic cells were observed only in the myenteric plexus. The number of positive nerve elements progressively increased until some weeks after birth. Density and intensity were always much higher for galanin and neurotensin than for neuropeptide Y and bombesin.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004290050138
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light and electron microscopic studies of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) – immunoreactive neurons in the enteric nervous system of rat small and large intestine (1998)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 198 (1998), S. 341-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) ; Small intestine ; Large intestine ; Enteric nervous system ; Rat ; Immunohistochemistry ; Synapse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP)-immunoreactive (IR) neurons in the myenteric and submucosal plexus of the rat small and large intestine were examined by immunostaining with purified polyclonal antiserum against PACAP (1–15), using both light and electron microscopy. Many PACAP-IR neuronal cell bodies and fibers were found in the myenteric and submucosal plexus. Many of the PACAP-IR fibers originated from the cell bodies of the myenteric and submucosal ganglia. The ganglia were also innervated by PACAP-IR fibers. PACAP-IR fibers penetrated both the circular and longitudinal muscle layers, confirming the previous observations indicating that PACAP neurons act as motor neurons. Ultrastructural study demonstrated that PACAP-IR nerve terminals formed synaptic contacts with PACAP-IR nerve cell bodies or dendritic processes. This observation suggests that PACAP-IR neurons innervate other PACAP-IR neurons, and that PACAP neurons work as interneurons in the enteric nervous system. PACAP-IR nerve cells received not only PACAP-positive nerve terminal input also PACAP-negative nerve terminal input. It also suggests that PACAP neurons are regulated not only by PACAP-IR enteric neurons, but also by neurons originating elsewhere. Our observations support the view that PACAP-IR neurons are involved in the control of gut motility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004290050189
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Skein-like inclusions in the neostriatum from a case of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with dementia (1998)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 96 (1998), S. 541-545 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; Ubiquitin ; Inclusion body ; Neostriatum ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Skeins or skein-like inclusions (SLIs) in motor neurons detected by ubiquitin immunohistochemistry are a characteristic finding of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Here we report ubiquitinated SLIs in the putamen and caudate nucleus from a case of ALS with dementia. A 48-year-old Japanese man developed apathy and amimia. Mental and neurological examinations revealed severe character change, muscle atrophy and fasciculation of the distal upper extremities and the tongue, and an exaggeration of the deep tendon reflex. He subsequently showed dysphagia and dysarthria. He died at the age of 51 years, after a total clinical course of about 2.5 years. By immunohistochemistry, ubiquitin-immunoreactive intraneuronal inclusions were observed in the spinal anterior horn cells, the frontal, temporal and entorhinal cortices, dentate fascia of the hippocampus and the amygdala. In addition, ubiquitinated inclusions were also seen in the putamen and caudate nucleus, which appeared as aggregates of thread-like structures similar to SLIs in the spinal anterior horn neurons. They were not seen on hematoxylin-eosin staining, and they also did not show any argentophilia nor did they react with other antibodies, including antibody against tau protein. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the presence of SLIs in non-motor neurons. Our results thus support the notion that ALS is a multisystem disease, and not simply a disease of the motor neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050932
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hereditary dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy: detection of widespread ubiquitinated neuronal and glial intranuclear inclusions in the brain (1998)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 96 (1998), S. 547-552 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy ; Nuclear inclusion ; Ubiquitin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We examined the brains and spinal cords of seven patients with clinicopathologically and genetically confirmed hereditary dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) using an antibody against ubiquitin, and found small, round immunoreactive intranuclear inclusions in both neurons and glial cells in various brain regions. Ubiquitinated neuronal intranuclear inclusions (uNIIs) were consistently found in the striatum, the pontine nuclei, the inferior olivary complex, the cerebellar cortex and the dentate nucleus. Ubiquitinated glial intranuclear inclusions (uGIIs) were found less frequently than uNIIs. Most of the inclusion-bearing nuclei were of an astrocytic nature. Immunostaining with an antibody against DRPLA protein revealed similar immunoreactive neuronal and glial intranuclear inclusions, but in much smaller in numbers compared with uNIIs and uGIIs. Electron microscopy showed that such inclusions were composed of granular and filamentous structures. These findings strongly suggest that, in DRPLA, the occurrence of uNIIs and uGIIs is directly related to the causative gene abnormality (an expanded CAG repeat encoding polyglutamine), that neurons are affected much more widely than previously recognized and that glial cells are also involved in the disease process.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050933
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  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amyloid angiopathy of the human brain: immunohistochemical studies using markers for components of extracellular matrix, smooth muscle actin and endothelial cells (1998)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 96 (1998), S. 558-563 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Amyloid angiopathy ; Alzheimer’s disease ; Extracellular matrix ; Immunohistochemistry ; Microangiopathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cerebral amyloid angiopathies comprise a heterogeneous group of conditions characterised by amyloid deposition in leptomeningeal and cortical vessels. We have studied the deposition of extracellular matrix components in such vessels from controls and ten cases with marked amyloid angiopathy. Arterial vessels which were heavily loaded with amyloid often showed lack of immunostaining to collagen type I, III, V and VI in the amyloid-containing parts of the vessel wall but some immunoreactivity remained in the adventitia. The subintimal region of some arterioles presented a faint staining with collagen V and collagen VI antisera. Immunostaining to collagen IV and laminin revealed normal reactivity in the vascular basal lamina and frequently remaining activity in the media. Immunostaining for actin showed a complete or partial loss of reactivity in the amyloid-containing parts of the media but often there was a thin line of staining at the position of pericytes. The endothelial markers did not reveal any changes compared with controls. In other cerebral microangiopathies, for instance Binswanger’s leukoencephalopathy, CADASIL and cases presenting hyalinosis there is a deposition of fibrillary collagens in the wall of afflicted microvessels. Degeneration of smooth muscle cells and absence of marked fibrosis in some of the arterial vessels in cases of amyloid angiopathy may explain why such vessels are susceptible to ruptures and haemorrhages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050935
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  • 46
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Age-related changes in the articular cartilage of human sacroiliac joint (1998)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 198 (1998), S. 505-513 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Extracellular matrix ; Aging ; Immunohistochemistry ; Collagen ; Cartilage degeneration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Iliac and sacral articular cartilage of 25 human sacroiliac joints (1–93 years) are examined by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry in order to gain further insight into the nature and progress of degenerative changes appearing during aging. These changes can already be seen in younger adults as compared to cartilage degeneration known in other diarthrodial joints. Structural differences between sacral and iliac cartilage can already be observed in the infant: the sacral auricular facet is covered with a hyaline articular cartilage, reaching 4 mm in thickness in the adult and staining intensely blue with alcian blue at pH1. Iliac cartilage of the newborn is composed of a dense fibrillar network of thick collagen bundles, crossing each other at approximately right angles. A faint staining with alcian blue suggests a low content of acidic glycosaminoglycans. In the adult, iliac cartilage becomes hyaline and its maximal thickness reaches 1–2 mm. Both articular facets exhibit morphological changes during aging that are more pronounced in the iliac cartilage and resemble osteoarthritic degeneration; the staining pattern of the extracellular matrix becomes inhomogenous, chondrocytes are arranged in clusters and the articular surface develops superficial irregularities and fissures. Sometimes fibrous tissue fills up these defects. Nevertheless, large areas of iliac cartilage remain hyaline in nature. Sacral articular cartilage often remains largely unaltered until old age. The sacral subchondral bone plate is usually thin and shows spongiosa trabeculae inserted at right angles, suggesting a perpendicular load on the articular facet. Iliac subchondral spongiosa shows no definite alignment and joins the thickened subchondral bone plate in an oblique direction. The iliac cartilage therefore seems to be stressed predominantly by shearing forces, arising from the changing monopodal support of the pelvis during locomotion. The subchondral bone plate on both the iliac and sacral auricular facet is penetrated by blood vessels that come into close contact with the overlying articular cartilage. These vessels may contribute to the high incidence of rheumatoid and inflammatory diseases in the human sacroiliac joint. Immunolabelling with an antibody against type II collagen reveals a diminished immunoreactivity in the upper half of adult sacral cartilage and only a faint and irregular labelling in the iliac cartilage. Type I collagen can be detected in a superficial layer on the sacral articular surface and around chondrocyte clusters in iliac cartilage, as in dedifferentiating chondrocytes during the development of osteoarthritis.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004290050200
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  • 47
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lineage and development of the parasympathetic nervous system of the embryonic chick heart (1998)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 198 (1998), S. 171-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Cardiac neural crest ; Quail-chick chimera ; Retroviral gene transfer ; Cardiac ganglia ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  We were interested in the contribution of the cardiac neural crest to the complete anterior and posterior nerve plexus of the chick heart. This includes the pathways by which these cardiac neural crest-derived neuronal precursors enter the heart. As lineage techniques we used the traditional quail-chick chimera in combination with the newly introduced technique of retroviral reporter gene transfer to premigratory cardiac neural crest cells. Retrovirally infected embryos (n=23) and quail-chick chimeras (n=19) between stages HH27 and 40, were immunohistochemically evaluated, using the lineage markers LacZ (retroviral reporter) and QCPN (anti-quail nuclear marker), respectively and the neuronal differentiation markers HNK-1, RMO-270 and DO-170. Between stages HH27 and 33, quail-derived and LacZ positive cells were situated around the arterial cardiac vagal branches at the arterial pole, and vagal branches along the anterior cardinal veins and the sinal vagal branch at the venous pole. From stage HH35 onward, QCPN/LacZ-positive cardiac ganglia were observed throughout the anterior and posterior plexus and were mainly concentrated in the subepicardium near the distal ends of the arterial cardiac vagal branches and the sinal cardiac vagal branch respectively. From stage HH36 both the anterior and posterior plexus contained a population of large cardiac ganglion cells and a population of smaller cells along nerve branches as well as in the cardiac ganglia, which means that differentiation starts in both plexus at the same time. Furthermore only nerve fiber connections between the anterior and posterior plexus were observed. These results show that the cardiac neural crest contributes to the cardiac ganglion cells from both the entire anterior and posterior plexus. Furthermore these results suggest that these precursor cells enter the arterial pole via the arterial cardiac vagal branches and the venous pole via the sinal cardiac vagal branch without intermixing. Finally we show that in addition to the cardiac ganglia, the cardiac neural crest contributes to small myocardial glia or undifferentiated cells along nerve fibers, and some myocardial nerve fibers as well as nerve tissue in the adventitia of the large veins at the venous pole and in the adventitia of the coronary arteries.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004290050175
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    Electronic Resource
    Development of the atrioventricular valve tension apparatus in the human heart (1998)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 198 (1998), S. 317-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Congenital heart defects ; Cushions ; Extracellular matrix ; Immunohistochemistry ; Morphogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Using various microscopical techniques we studied the development of the atrioventricular valves in human hearts between 5 and 19 weeks of development. Within the atrioventricular cushions two different layers could be recognized that remained present in all ages studied. The atrial layer, being present at the side of the atrioventricular orifice, was positive for laminin while the ventricular layer, that was connected to the myocardium, was positive for fibronectin and collagen III. Fate-mapping of these two layers, morphometrics, and scanning electron microscopy, supplemented with in vivo labeling of cushion tissue in chicken hearts have lead to new insights in the process of valve development. The cushions became freely movable prevalvular leaflets by delamination of ventricular myocardium underneath the cushion tissue. This myocardium gradually retracted towards annulus and papillary muscles and finally disappeared, resulting in fibrous, non-myocardial valves. The atrial layer of the cushions remained present as a jelly-like surface on the valve leaflets while the ventricular layer of the cushions became the compact fibrous tissue of the leaflets and the chords. Chordal development was first visible at 10 weeks of development when gaps were formed in the ventricular layer of the cushions on top of the papillary muscles. These gaps enlarged into the interchordal spaces while the cushion tissue in between the gaps lengthened to form the chords. We conclude that the leaflets as well as the chords of the atrioventricular valves are derived from atrioventricular cushion tissue. Myocardium is only important for loosening of the leaflets while keeping connection with the developing papillary muscles. Errors in delamination or retraction of myocardium or remodeling of cushion tissue into chords form the basis for various congenital valve anomalies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004290050187
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  • 49
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    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization of the androgen receptor in the developing human prostate (1998)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 197 (1998), S. 199-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Human prostate ; Development ; Androgen receptor ; Immunohistochemistry ; In situ hybridization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  As it is suggested that the androgen receptor mechanism is required for prostatic development, we attempted to determine the appearance, expression and distribution of the androgen receptor in embryonic, infantile and pubertal human prostate. Using mono- and polyclonal antibodies and a digoxigenin-labeled 713 bp riboprobe, the androgen receptor expression in paraffin sections of fetal, infantile, and pubertal prostates was studied at the protein and RNA level. Under highly standardized conditions, application of the polyclonal antibodies resulted in a weak cytoplasmic and nuclear labeling of the epithelium of fetal glands. No immunoreaction was obtained with monoclonal antibodies. Applying the polyclonal antibody to pubertal and adult specimens, immunoreactivity of the androgen receptor was positive in nuclei of adluminal and basal epithelial cells, in interstitial and vascular smooth muscle cells and vascular endothelium, whereas ganglionic cells and enteroendocrine cells were negative. In situ hybridization with the digoxigenin-labeled riboprobe gave clear positive results already in epithelium of very young fetal specimens. A semiquantitative visual evaluation of in situ hybridizations showed that intermediate intensity of expression was increased in pubertal and adult specimens, whereas strong expression was reduced in prostatic epithelium. Conclusions: The essential findings are: (1) an early expression of androgen receptor mRNA in the fetal prostate; (2) no immunoreaction of monoclonal antibodies against the androgen receptor in the same specimens, (3) a decrease of androgen receptor mRNA expression, but increase in immunoreactivity of the androgen receptor protein with the onset of glandular maturation during puberty.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004290050131
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  • 50
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    The innervation of the synovium of the knee joint in the guinea pig: an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study (1998)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 197 (1998), S. 293-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Sensory neurons ; Autonomic neurons ; Neuropeptides ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The innervation of the knee joint synovial membrane of the guinea pig, i.e., the synoviocyte layer, the subjacent connective tissue and the connective tissue region beneath, was analyzed with immunohistofluorescence and electron microscopy. A screening of the innervation with antibodies against the general axon marker – protein gene product (PGP) 9,5 – revealed the presence of nerve fibers distributed in various regions of the knee joint synovial membrane. Confirmating previous studies, some of these nerve fibers stained with antibodies to tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), neuropeptide Y (NPY), substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). In addition, dynorphin (DYN)-containing fibers were detected, which have not been reported previously in normal joints. In general, the immunoreactive fibers were observed close to the synoviocytes and at blood vessels. Fibers with colocalization of NPY- and TH-like immunoreactivities (LIs), as well as of DYN- and TH-LIs were demonstrated. In the electron microscope, bundles of unmyelinated fibers as well as single fibers were found in the connective tissue region below the synoviocytes. Varicose parts of the nerve fibers contained mainly small, clear vesicles. Small and large dense-cored vesicles were also seen, but less frequently. Denser portions of the plasma membranes of some axons were observed in these regions, facing the extracellular space. Myelinated fibers were also observed in some nerve bundles. These findings emphasize the complex innervation of the synovial membrane, with nerve fibers containing a host of neuroactive substances. Altogether, these fibers are probably involved in many functions such as vasoregulation and control of synovial secretion in addition to being a source of mediators in joint inflammation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004290050139
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    Disturbed vagal nerve distribution in embryonic chick hearts after treatment with all-trans retinoic acid (1998)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 197 (1998), S. 391-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Heart development ; Vagal nerve ; Immunohistochemistry ; Retinoic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The distribution of the vagal nerve was studied in whole-mount specimens and serial sections of chick embryos after retinoic acid treatment. White Leghorn chick embryos were treated at stage 15 either with 1 µg all-trans retinoic acid (n=11), or with the solvent dimethylsulphoxide (sham-operated embryos, n=8). Eight embryos served as normal controls. At stage 34 all 27 embryos were examined with a dissecting microscope. In order to reveal the vagal patterning, the hearts were removed and whole-mount stained with the HNK-1 antibody. In three hearts of the retinoic acid-treated group a morphologic intracardiac anomaly – a double outlet right ventricle – was found. To explore in depth the vagal nerve distribution in the heart, a separate set of hearts of retinoic acid embryos (n=5), sham-operated (n=4) and control embryos (n=5), was devised solely for serial sectioning and staining with the HNK-1 antibody. All hearts of retinoic acid-treated embryos showed a disturbed vagal nerve distribution both over the surface of the heart and within the heart wall. The vagal patterning was not altered in the sham-operated embryos compared to controls. It is concluded that retinoic acid disturbs the development of vagal nerve patterning regardless of the concurrent presence of intracardiac malformations. The mechanism and functional implications remain to be investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004290050150
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    Electronic Resource
    Expression of growth hormone receptor in the bovine mammary gland during prenatal development (1998)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 198 (1998), S. 163-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words GHR ; Mammary gland ; Fetus ; In situ hybridization ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Growth hormone (GH) is known to play a key role in postnatal growth and differentiation. The role of GH and its receptor (GHR) in prenatal development, however, is still controversial. Using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemistry we demonstrated the presence of GHR mRNA and protein in bovine mammary glands during fetal development. RT-PCR revealed GHR transcripts in fetal mammary glands from the third to the ninth month of pregnancy. By non-radioactive ISH, GHR mRNA was localized in the glandular epithelium, the surrounding mesenchymal cells, endothelial cells of vessels and in the stratum basale of the epidermis of fetal mammary glands. From the sixth month of fetal life onwards, GHR transcripts were also found in the cytoplasm of adipocytes. Immunohistochemical studies using the monoclonal antibody mAb 263 revealed the same distribution pattern as the mRNA. Our results imply that the growth hormone receptor is distinctly expressed in the immature mammary gland, suggesting that GH is involved in growth and differentiation of the fetal mammary gland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004290050174
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    Electronic Resource
    Mixed dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor and ganglioglioma (1998)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 95 (1998), S. 649-654 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor ; Ganglioglioma ; Mixed neuronal-glial neoplasm ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a case of a 15-year-old girl with new onset seizures, who had a mixed dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNT) and ganglioglioma of the right parieto-occipital lobe. The tumor appeared well demarcated and exhibited a low T1 and a high T2 signal on magnetic resonance imaging. Architecturally it was in large part intracortical and multinodular, but also featured a leptomeningeal component. The former corresponded to DNT, a proliferation of oligodendroglia-like cells (OLCs) arranged in nodules, as well as comprising a diffuse internodular element featuring “floating neurons” in a mucoid matrix. The leptomeningeal portion of the lesion was a ganglioglioma consisting of large neurons and astrocytes in association with marked desmoplasia. Spacially, the two components abutted one another but appeared distinct. Immunohistochemistry showed the neurons of the ganglioglioma to be positive for class III β-tubulin, synaptophysin, and chromogranin A, whereas the astrocytic cells stained only for glial fibrillary acidic protein. Most OLCs in the DNT were positive for S-100 protein. This apparently mixed lesion suggests that a close histogenetic relationship exists between DNT and ganglioglioma. We postulate that the pluripotential progenitor cells residing in the subpial granular layer may have given rise to the cortical DNT and to the leptomeningeal ganglioglioma. To our knowledge, this is the first detailed histological, immunochemical and ultrastructural report of a mixed DNT and ganglioglioma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050852
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    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical examination of c-Met protein expression in astrocytic tumors (1998)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 95 (1998), S. 345-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Astrocytic tumors ; c-Met ; Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor ; Immunohistochemistry ; Immunofluorescence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/ SF), which has various physiological functions, and its receptor c-Met, the human c-met proto-oncogene product, are thought to be determinant in the pathological processes of various malignancies. To investigate the possible role of HGF/SF in the progression of development of astrocytic tumors, we examined the expression of c-Met in these tumors. Immunohistochemistry using the streptavidin-biotin peroxidase complex method and immunofluorescence double staining with anti-c-Met polyclonal and anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein monoclonal antibodies were performed. Positive c-Met expression was detected in 31 of the 42 astrocytic tumors and some of the control cases analyzed. c-Met-positive cells showed morphological characteristics of astrocytes. Especially in the cases of high-grade tumors, c-Met positivity was abundant in cells in both vascular-rich and peripheral regions of the tumors but not in the cells with distinctly malignant features. Immunofluorescence double staining revealed that the c-Met-positive cells were in part of astrocytic origin. We suggest that c-Met-positive cells are affected by some factors in the lesions where the pathological processes are in a state of development. Our studies indicated that c-Met expression might take part in glioma invasion but not in the development of malignancy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050809
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    Electronic Resource
    Structural changes in male trapezius muscle with work-related myalgia (1998)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 95 (1998), S. 352-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Cytochrome c oxidase ; Fibre type ; Human ; Immunohistochemistry ; Myalgia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Muscular changes in male forest machine operators with work-related neck and shoulder myalgia were studied. Enzyme cyto- and immunohistochemical analysis was carried on muscle biopsies obtained from ten myalgic subjects (M), nine non-myalgic selected in the same work place (NM) and six healthy young men (C). The M group displayed a significant increase in type IIA fibres in comparison to the C group. This hypertrophy was accompanied by a parallel increase in the capillary bed. Both the M and NM groups exhibited an increase in fibres with a disorganised mitochondrial pattern. Interestingly, fibres lacking cytochrome c oxidase occurred in the M group (0.9%) but also in the NM group (0.5%), suggesting a mitochondrial defect. Central nuclei (5.2%) and developmental myosin (3%) were also more frequent in the M group. These changes are probably related to injury-regeneration cycles. These data support the association between the work conditions and muscle changes in work-related trapezius myalgia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050810
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    Electronic Resource
    Different manners of sarcoglycan expression in genetically proven α-sarcoglycan deficiency and γ-sarcoglycan deficiency (1998)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 96 (1998), S. 202-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key wordsα-Sarcoglycan ; γ-Sarcoglycan ; Sarcoglycanopathy ; Immunohistochemistry ; Gene ; mutation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We investigated the expression of α-sarcoglycan, β-sarcoglycan, γ-sarcoglycan, and δ-sarcoglycan immunohistochemically in three patients with mutations of the α-sarcoglycan gene and a patient with a mutation of the γ-sarcoglycan gene. Although each of the four sarcoglycans were decreased on the muscle membranes of all the patients, different expression patterns for each were seen among the patients. In patients with mutations of the α-sarcoglycan gene, β-, γ- and δ-sarcoglycans were relatively preserved as compared to greatly reduced α-sarcoglycan. However, the patient with a mutation of the γ-sarcoglycan gene showed marked reduction of γ-sarcoglycan as compared to partially preserved α- and β-sarcoglycans, and well-preserved δ-sarcoglycan. These results suggest that each sarcoglycan component in sarcoglycanopathy does not decrease in the same manner, and that mutations of the sarcoglycan gene can be predicted, at least in part, by means of sensitive immunohistochemistry for each sarcoglycan.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050882
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  • 57
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    Electronic Resource
    Histopathological assessment of localized proliferation in cases of Bowen’s disease using immunostaining and a laser cytometer (1998)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 290 (1998), S. 435-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Key words Bowen’s disease ; Proliferative activity ; Immunohistochemistry ; Laser cytometer ; Tissue ; sections
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In order to evaluate the localized proliferative activity of intratumor cells in Bowen’s disease using tissue sections, skin specimens from ten patients were compared with skin samples from seven normal individuals for their expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Ki-67 immunostaining and intranuclear DNA contents, quantitated with a laser cytometer (LCM). In normal epidermis, the largest proportion of PCNA- and Ki-67-positive cells was observed in the basal cell layer, with the amounts decreasing through the suprabasal cell layer towards the prickle cell layer. Examination by LCM also revealed the highest average fluorescence intensity of individual nuclei in the basal cell layer and, as with the immunohistological parameters, reducing towards the upper layer of the epidermis. In the Bowen’s disease tissue sections, the largest proportion of PCNA- and Ki-67-positive cells was found in contact with the basement membrane (base of the tumor), with lower amounts in the center of the tumor nest and in the marginal epidermis. The average fluorescence intensities of individual nuclei were in line with these results. These results show that tumor cells distributed in Bowen’s disease tumor nests have different proliferative activities depending on their location.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004030050332
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    Electronic Resource
    Detection of nitric oxide and nitric oxide synthases in psoriasis (1998)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 290 (1998), S. 3-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Key words Nitric oxide ; Nitric oxide synthase ; Immunohistochemistry ; Psoriasis ; Chemiluminescence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Biopsies from psoriasis lesions and clinically uninvolved skin of eight patients and five normal subjects were studied by immunocytochemistry with computerized image analysis for the presence of endothelial, neuronal and inducible isoforms of nitric oxide synthase. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase was expressed in the endothelium and weakly in some keratinoctyes. Its expression was not significantly different in psoriasis. Inducible nitric oxide synthase, however, was absent from normal skin but was significantly upregulated in psoriatic lesional skin, focally in keratinocytes but to the greatest extent in the papillary dermis and to a lesser extent in clinically uninvolved psoriatic skin. Inducible nitric oxide synthase staining was greatest in the more severe lesions and correlated with the inflammatory infiltrate (CD3-positive cells) and with keratinocyte proliferation (Ki-67-positive cells). In normal skin, neuronal nitric oxide synthase was expressed only in keratinocytes in the granular layer and eccrine sweat glands. However, in psoriasis and clinically uninvolved skin the neuronal form was present through all levels of the epidermis. Direct measurement of nitric oxide production from the skin surface revealed a tenfold increase in the lesions of 16 psoriatic patients compared with their nonlesional skin, and this nitric oxide production was inhibited by topical betamethasone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004030050268
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    Electronic Resource
    Thrombomodulin expression on dermal cells in normal and psoriatic skin (1998)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 290 (1998), S. 233-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Key words Thrombomodulin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Factor XIIIa ; CD34 ; Dendrocyte
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The various subsets of dermal cells with a dendritic appearance can be identified by phenotypic differences in cell markers. We report on the morphology and tissue distribution of dermal cells detected with a monoclonal antibody against thrombomodulin in histological sections of normal arm and scalp skin and psoriatic skin. Double staining with antibodies to factor XIIIa, CD34 and CD68 was also employed in scalp biopsies to elucidate the relationship between thrombomodulin+ dermal cells and dermal dendrocytes and macrophages described by others. Thrombomodulin+ dermal cells in normal arm skin had little cytoplasm with fine branched dendrites and tended to be localized just beneath the epidermis. In scalp skin these cells had longer, more numerous dendrites and were distributed in the papillae and perivascular adventitial dermis primarily in the upper and central reticular dermis. In psoriatic skin, thrombomodulin+ dermal cells had an increased cytoplasmic volume with stout, less branched dendrites and appeared in the papillae and among inflammatory cells. Dermal cells detectable by thrombomodulin expression were factor XIIIa–, CD34– and CD68–, and seemed to represent a distinct subset of dermal cells which may function in tissue repair. However, thrombomodulin+ dermal cells and factor XIIIa+ dendrocytes were frequently seen close together and could act cooperatively to regulate extravascular thrombin homeostasis in both normal and pathological dermal environments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004030050297
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    Electronic Resource
    Expression of laminin 5, and collagen IV and VII in bullous pemphigoid skin (1998)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 290 (1998), S. 283-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Key words Laminin ; Collagen ; Bullous pemphigoid ; Basement membrane ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004030050305
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  • 61
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    Increased expression of platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha and beta and vascular endothelial growth factor in the skin of patients with chronic venous insufficiency (1998)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 290 (1998), S. 291-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Key words Growth factors ; Immunohistochemistry ; Angiogenesis ; Chronic venous insufficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Growth factors produced by a variety of cells act as signalling peptides through specific cell surface receptor pathways. Functions such as cell proliferation, migration and differentiation have been assigned to each of them. Here, we report alterations of platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFR-α) and beta (PDGFR-β) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression patterns in the progressive clinical stages of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). A total of 30 punch biopsies were taken from patients with CVI, and VEGF and PDGFR were detected by indirect immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques. PDGFR-α and PDGFR-β expression was strongly increased in endothelial cells of capillaries, pericapillary cells and connective tissue cells in the stroma of the skin of venous eczema and venous leg ulcer patients, and to a smaller extend in the dermis of those with lipodermatosclerosis. VEGF staining showed a similar expression pattern in the progressive CVI stages. However, staining of vessels in particular might simply reflect binding of VEGF, secreted by keratinocytes or fibroblasts, to its receptors. Growth factor and receptor expression in specimens from telangiectases and reticular veins, and from pigmented areas, resembled that of normal skin. We conclude that PDGFR-α, PDGFR-β and VEGF play an important role in mediating inflammation and epithelial hyperproliferation in venous eczema, inducing connective tissue sclerosis in lipodermatosclerosis, and causing the reduced reepithelialization tendency in venous ulcers. We speculate that endothelial proliferation with chronic venous hypertension might be mediated by these growth factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004030050307
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  • 62
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    Serum anti-p53 autoantibodies in primary resected non-small-cell lung carcinoma (1998)
    Springer
    Cancer immunology immunotherapy 46 (1998), S. 345-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Keywords: Key words Lung cancer ; p53 ; Autoantibody ; Immunohistochemistry ; Tumor markers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Mutated p53 proteins accumulate in the nuclei of tumor cells, and anti-p53 autoantibodies are found in the sera of patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). We analyzed the correlation among serum anti-p53 autoantibodies, immunohistochemical staining for p53, and clinical features (age, gender, smoking history, histological type, differentiation, stage, T factor, tumor size, and N factor) in resected non-small-cell lung carcinomas. A total of 62 cases of resected NSCLC were studied (43 men and 19 women; 33 adenocarcinomas, 21 squamous cell carcinomas, 8 large-cell carcinomas). Preoperative serum titers of anti-p53 autoantibodies were detected in 13/62 cases (21.0%). A correlation between histological type and positive titers of serum p53 autoantibodies was seen (large-cell carcinoma versus squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, P = 0.031, χ2-test). Out of 25 cases, 10 (40%) with positive immunohistochemical staining for p53 had positive titers, whereas 3 positive titers were found in 37 patients with negative immunohistochemical staining for p53 (P = 0.0025, χ2-test). Serum titers of anti-p53 autoantibodies were present in approximately 20% of the cases of NSCLC, and overexpression of p53 protein in tumor cells was detectable in approximately 40%. Serum anti-p53 autoantibodies may be a clinical parameter for the presence of p53 mutations and p53 overexpression in NSCLC patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002620050496
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  • 63
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    The novel combination of fat clearance and immunohistochemistry improves prediction of the outcome of patients with colorectal carcinomas: a preliminary study (1998)
    Springer
    International journal of colorectal disease 13 (1998), S. 99-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1262
    Keywords: Key words Fat clearance ; Immunohistochemistry ; Colorectal carcinoma ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Afin d'évaluer la signification de micrométastases en relation avec le taux de survie, les pièces opératoires de 48 patients porteurs d'un cancer colorectal ont été analysées après clearance de la graisse périrectale. Le nombre et la taille des ganglions lymphatiques contenant des métastases et la signification de ces micrométastases en relation avec la survie des patients ont été déterminés. Nous avons trouvé que la majorité des métastases lymphatiques (71.8%) avaient 5 mm ou moins de diamètre et que leur taille n'avait pas d'effet sur la survie. Des colorations immunohistochimiques des ganglions lymphatiques ont révélé que 15 des 25 patients diagnostiqués comme présentant un cancer au stade B de Dukes sur des colorations de routine contenaient en fait des micrométastases et que 86% de celles-ci mesuraient moins de 5 mm de diamètre. La survie de ce sous-groupe a été considérablement plus mauvaise que celle de patients au stade B de Dukes sans micrométastases. Aucun des trois patients à un stade A de Dukes ne présentait de micrométastases. Etant donné que la plupart des métastases et micrométastases surviennent sur des ganglions lymphatiques de 5 mm et moins et que ces dernières peuvent aisément être méconnues lors d'examens de routine, nous proposons que la clearance de la graisse périrectale et une analyse immunohistochimique de routine des cancers au stade de Dukes B améliorent la prédiction de survie des patients opérés d'un cancer colorectal.
    Notes: Abstract To evaluate the significance of micrometastases in relation to survival rate, specimens from 48 colorectal carcinoma patients were analysed after fat clearance. The number and size of the lymph nodes harbouring metastases and the significance of micrometastases for patients' survival were assessed. We found that although the majority of metastatic lymph nodes (71.8%) were 5 mm or less in diameter, their size had no effect on survival. Immunohistochemical staining of lymph nodes revealed that 15 of 25 patients with Dukes' stage B diagnosed by routine staining had micrometastases, 86% of these lymph nodes being less than 5 mm in diameter. The survival rate of this subgroup was found to be considerably poorer than that of Dukes' stage B patients with no micrometastases. None of the three patients with Dukes' stage A carcinoma had micrometastases. Since most of the metastases and micrometastases occur in lymph nodes of 5 mm and less and can be easily missed by routine examination, we suggest that fat clearance and routine immunohistochemical analysis of Dukes' stage B improve the prediction of outcome of colorectal cancer patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003840050143
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    Facilitation of learning after lesions of the tuberomammillary nucleus region in adult and aged rats (1998)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 118 (1998), S. 447-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Posterior hypothalamus ; Histamine ; Memory ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The tuberomammillary nucleus (TM) located in the posterior part of the hypothalamus is the main source of neuronal histamine in the central nervous system. Recent work from our laboratories has indicated an involvement of the TM region in neuronal plasticity and reinforcement processes. In the present study, we investigated the effects of TM lesions on the performance of adult and aged Wistar rats in a set of learning tasks, which differed in terms of complexity and reward contingencies (habituation learning, inhibitory avoidance, discrimination learning, Morris water maze). An improvement was found in every test applied, indicating that TM lesions seem to generally enhance learning and memory capacities independent of the special demands of a given task. Age-related learning deficits were strongly diminished. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the excitotoxic lesions used to destroy the TM region led to a marked decrease in the number of histamine-positive neurons in the vicinity of the injection site, indicating an involvement of the brain histaminergic system in the observed behavioral changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002210050301
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    Induction of microglial and astrocytic response in the adult rat lumbar spinal cord following middle cerebral artery occlusion (1998)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 118 (1998), S. 235-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Focal cerebral ischaemia ; Immunohistochemistry ; Microglia ; Astrocytes ; Spinal cord
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The response of microglia and astrocytes, as detected immunohistochemically by the monoclonal antibody OX-42 and anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) respectively, was studied in the rat lumbar spinal cord following focal cerebral ischaemia produced by permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) above the rhinal fissure. At 1 and 2 days after right-sided MCA occlusion, OX-42 immunoreactivity of microglia in both the contralateral dorsal and ventral horns of the lumbar spinal cord was moderately increased compared with cells of the ipsilateral side. The microglial reaction was progressive, with some cells transformed into amoeboid form considered to be macrophages at day 3. By 5 days, many of the reactive microglia, notably in the ventral horn, appeared to encircle the soma of motoneurons. At 7 days, the microglial reaction had subsided while astrocytes in the same area were hypertrophied to replace the perineuronal microglia. The microglial response in both the cerebral cortex and lumbar spinal cord was effectively reduced by the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, MK-801. Present results suggest that following MCA occlusion, the vigorous response of microglia, and subsequently astrocytes, in the spinal cord in extra-focal areas far removed from the primary site of ischaemia may be mediated by glutamate released from the ischaemic corticospinal neurons through NMDA receptors on the postsynaptic spinal cord neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002210050277
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    Distribution of glutamate-, glycine- and GABA-immunoreactive nerve terminals on dendrites in the cat spinal motor nucleus (1998)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 118 (1998), S. 517-532 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Ultrastructure ; Immunohistochemistry ; Bouton ; Synaptic input ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The dendritic tree constitutes more than 93% of the receptive membrane area of a spinal motoneuron, yet little is known about its synaptic inputs. In this study we examined the distribution of glutamate-, GABA- and glycine-like immunoreactivity in boutons apposing dendrites in the L7 spinal cord motor nucleus, by use of postembedding immunohistochemistry on serial sections. We examined 799 boutons apposing 401 cross-sectioned dendrites of different calibre (range 0.2–15 µm), and 14 first-order (stem) dendrites. Thirty-five percent (35%) of the boutons were immunopositive for glutamate and 59% for GABA and/or glycine. Among the latter, 30% showed glycine immunoreactivity only and 24% were immunoreactive for both GABA and glycine. Very few were immunoreactive only for GABA (5%). As few as 6% of the boutons were judged as not enriched for any amino acid analysed. The fine structural characteristics of the boutons were in accordance with previous descriptions. The sample of dendrites was arranged in calibre bins in order to facilitate distribution analysis. Stem dendrites differed from the other bins, with a high total bouton covering (61%) and a high bouton density. Sixty-nine percent of the membrane covering was by glycine- and/or GABA-immunoreactive boutons, whereas 18% was covered by boutons enriched in glutamate. For non-stem dendrites, bouton covering fell from 33% to 12% with decreasing calibre. However, bouton apposition length decreased in parallel, yielding a fairly uniform bouton density among dendrites of different calibre. The lack of correlation between packing density and dendrite calibre was also evident when the sample of dendrites was broken down into subsamples based on content of amino acid immunoreactivity. The latter analysis also revealed that both the relative covering and density of boutons containing inhibitory amino acids (57%; glycine and/or GABA) and glutamate (38%), respectively, did not vary systematically with dendrite calibre. Combined, the data indicate that in non-stem dendrites the proportion of excitatory and inhibition inputs does not change systematically throughout the dendritic arborizations of spinal α-motoneurons. Thus, spinal motoneurons can, with respect to the general synaptic architecture, be divided into two main compartments, i.e. the proximal soma-juxtasomatic compartment (including stem dendrites) and the distal dendritc compartment. The proximal domain is under a powerful glycine and/or GABA influence. Finally, based on the data presented here and previously published data, it was calculated that spinal α-motoneurons receive in the range of 50–140×103 synaptic boutons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002210050308
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    Das epitheloide Angiomyolipom der Niere – Eine neue Tumorentität Fallbericht über einen Tumor mit zahlreichen mehrkernigen Riesenzellen (1998)
    Springer
    Der Pathologe 19 (1998), S. 436-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Epitheloidzellen ; Riesenzellen ; HMB-45 ; Immunhistologie ; Flow-Zytometrie ; Key words Epithelioid cells ; Giant cells ; HMB-45 ; Immunohistochemistry ; Flow-cytometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Epitheloid angiomyolipoma is a recently recognized tumor entity, of which 9 tumors are documented in the literature. We report a case that occurred in a 19 years old patient. The tumor consisted of epithelioid cells ranging from medium sized and polygonal to giant cells with prominent nucleoli. Remarkably, there were many multinucleated giant cells. Hemorrhage, necrosis, and clusters of foamy macrophages were also present. Obvious elements of typical angiomyolipoma, especially fatty tissue was not found. Flow cytometry revealed diploid tumor cells with a high S-phase fraction of 9.7%. Melanoma-associated antigen HMB-45 and CD 68 was detected in the epithelioid and spindle cells. The multinucleated giant cells stained for desmin and KP1, and to a lesser extent for HMB-45 and vimentin. There was no expression of cytokeratin or epithelial membrane antigen. Epithelioid angiomyolipoma often pose problems in diagnosis, particularly with regard to distinction from renal cell carcinoma. Previous reports in the literature suggest that epithelioid angiomyolipoma may have malignant potential.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das epitheloide Angiomyolipom ist eine neu beschriebene Tumorentität. Bisher wurden 9 Fälle publiziert. Wir berichten über einen weiteren Tumor bei einem 19jährigen Patienten. Der Tumor hatte große, teils epitheloide, teils spindelförmige Zellen mit eosinophilem Zytoplasma, pleomorphen Zellkernen mit prominenten Nukeolen und zahlreiche Schaumzellen. Einige Zellen wiesen eine ganglienzellartige Morphologie auf. Auffallend waren zahlreiche mehrkernige Riesenzellen. Blutungen, Nekrosen und Mitosen wurden ebenfalls angetroffen, jedoch konnte kein Fettgewebe nachgewiesen werden. Die Tumorzellen waren bei der flow-zytometrischen Messung diploid, hatten aber eine hohe S-Phase-Fraktion von 9,7%. Immunhistologisch exprimierten die epitheloiden Tumorzellen das Melanom-assoziierte Antigen HMB-45 und den Makrophagenmarker KP-1. Von den mehrkernigen Riesenzellen wurde Desmin und KP-1 exprimiert, in geringerem Ausmaß auch Vimentin und HMB-45. Es ließ sich keine Zytokeratinexpression und keine Expression von epithelialem Membranantigen (EMA) nachweisen. Anhand dieses Tumors wird dargestellt, daß das epitheloide Angiomyolipom von den verschiedenen Nierenzellkarzinomvarianten abgegrenzt werden kann. Die immunhistologische Untersuchung ist der Schlüssel zur richtigen Diagnose. Aufgrund der bisher publizierten Fallberichte verhalten sich einige epitheloide Angiomyolipome maligne.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002920050309
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    Myofibroblastäre Tumoren Kurzgefaßte Übersicht zur Klinik, Diagnose und Differentialdiagnose (1998)
    Springer
    Der Pathologe 19 (1998), S. 176-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Myofibroblastäre Tumoren ; Myofibrom ; Myofibroblastom ; Angiomyofibroblastom ; Sarkom ; Myofibrosarkom ; Fibromatosen ; Fibrosarkom ; Immunhistochemie ; Key words Myofibroblastic tumours ; Myofibroma ; Myofibroblastoma ; Angiomyofibroblastoma ; Sarcoma ; Myofibrosarcoma ; Fibromatosis ; Fibrosarcoma ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary This review summarizes myofibroblastic tumours that have been characterized in the last years. These lesions include: fibromatoses in adults and infants (infantile digital fibromatosis and infantile myofibromatosis); myofibroma of adults, an almost exclusively solitary lesion in the skin which is characterized morphologically as a biphasic lesion composed of spindle-shaped eosinophilic tumour cells and more primitive mesenchymal tumour cells associated with a haemangiopericytoma-like vasculature; dermatomyofibroma (plaque-like dermal fibromatosis), a band-like myofibroblastic proliferation in young female patients, which is mainly located in the periaxillar region and in which distinction from more aggressive, plaque-like variant of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans is mandatory; myofibroblastoma of the breast, a well-circumscribed lesion composed of spindle shaped, desmin-positive tumour cells, which is seen mainly in elderly male patients and has to be distinguished from other spindle cell lesions of the breast; angiomyofibroblastoma, a well-circumscribed myofibroblastic neoplasm of the vulva and vagina composed of ovoid to round myoid tumour cells with scattered multinucleated cells, which forms a continuous morphological spectrum with the clinically more aggressive angiomyxoma in this location; intranodal myofibroblastoma, a distinctive proliferation of myofibroblastic cells associated with so-called amianthoid fibres, which is seen most commonly in inguinal lymph nodes; myofibroblastoma/myofibroblastic tumour of soft tissues, a variably well-circumscribed myofibroblastic lesion which lacks atypia and is composed of actin and/or desmin positive tumour cells, and poorly delineated sarcomas with myofibroblastic differentiation (myofibrosarcoma).
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es werden die in der letzten Zeit charakterisierten mesenchymalen Tumoren myofibroblastärer Differenzierungsrichtung exemplarisch vorgestellt und charakterisiert. Diese Tumoren schließen ein: Fibromatosen vom Erwachsenentyp sowie die infantile digitale Fibromatose und die infantile Myofibromatose; das Myofibrom des Erwachsenenalters (sog. kutanes Myofibrom), eine überwiegend solitäre Läsion im Hautbereich, die ein biphasisches Bild bietet und durch spindelige eosinophile Tumorzellen sowie unreife mesenchymale Zellen mit einem assoziierten hämangioperizytomartigen Gefäßmuster charakterisiert ist; das Dermatomyofibrom (plaqueförmige dermale Fibromatose), eine meist bei jungen Frauen in der Periaxillarregion vorkommende myofibroblastäre Neoplasie, die insbesondere von der plaqueförmigen Variante des klinisch aggressiveren Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans abgegrenzt werden muß; das Myofibroblastom der Mamma, eine gut umschriebene, aus spindeligen, Desmin-positiven Tumorzellen aufgebaute Läsion, die meist bei älteren männlichen Patienten auftritt und morphologisch von anderen spindeligen Tumoren der Brustdrüse unterschieden werden kann; das Angiomyofibroblastom, ein gut umschriebener Tumor der Vulva und Vagina, welcher aus runden, z.T. mehrkernigen Tumorzellen besteht und ein morphologisches Spektrum mit dem unscharf begrenzten und häufig rezidivierenden aggressiven Angiomyxom in dieser Lokalisation bildet; das intranodale Myofibroblastom, eine benigne Proliferation myofibroblastär differenzierter Zellen, die sog. Amianthoidfasern aufweisen kann und meist im Bereich der inguinalen Lymphknoten gesehen wird; das Myofibroblastom/myofibroblastischer Tumor des Weichgewebes, ein teil-weise gut umschriebener myofibroblastärer Tumor ohne Atypien, der aus Aktin- und/oder Desminpositiven Tumorzellen besteht sowie die seltenen und bisher noch nicht eindeutig definierten myofibroblastär differenzierten Sarkome (Myofibrosarkome).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002920050271
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    Primärer primitiver neuroektodermaler Tumor der Harnblase Klinisch pathologischer Fallbericht und Differentialdiagnose kleinzelliger Tumoren in dieser Lokalisation (1998)
    Springer
    Der Pathologe 19 (1998), S. 154-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Harnblase ; MPNET ; Ewing-Sarkom ; Sarkom ; Immunhistochemie ; Key words Bladder ; MPNET ; Ewing’s sarcoma ; Sarcoma ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary We report a rare case of primary primitive neuroectodermal tumour of the bladder in an adult. A huge tumour with extensions into pelvic and retroperitoneal tissue was found radiologically in a 62-year-old man. The patient did not complain about remarkable clinical symptoms until 4 days before admission to hospital. Histology of diagnostic transurethral tumour resection showed a small round-cell tumour with focal necrosis and scattered Homer-Wright rosettes. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that tumour cells stained positively with O13, a monoclonal antibody which recognizes the membrane glycoprotein p30/32MIC2. Focally, tumour cells stained positively for vimentin, NSE, S-100 protein and synaptophysin. The patient died 3 weeks later because of fulminant pulmonary embolism and autopsy revealed a huge, partly exophytic but mainly endophytic tumour of the bladder with extensions into the rectum and retroperitoneal tissue. The differential diagnosis of small round-cell tumours in this location is discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird über den seltenen Fall eines primären primitiven neuroektodermalen Tumors der Harnblase bei einem Erwachsenen berichtet. Bei nahezu stummer klinischer Anamnese hatte sich bei einem 62jährigen Patienten ein die gesamte Harnblase ausfüllender, solider Tumor entwickelt, wobei durch bildgebende Verfahren eine Ausdehnung bis in das benachbarte Bindegewebe des Beckens und das Retroperitoneum nachweisbar war. Nach erfolgter diagnostischer transurethraler Tumorteilresektion fand sich histologisch ein klein- und rundzelliger Tumor mit dem Nachweis einzelner Rosetten vom Homer-Wright-Typ und herdförmiger Tumornekrosen. Immunhistologisch zeigten die Tumorzellen bei Negativität gegenüber epithelialen Markern eine Positivität gegenüber O13, einem gegen das membranöse Glykoprotein p30/32MIC2 gerichteten monoklonalen Antikörper, weiterhin war eine fokale Immunpositivität gegenüber Vimentin, Neuron-spezifischer Enolase, S-100-Protein und Synaptophysin zu demonstrieren. Die Autopsie des 3 Wochen später wegen einer fulminanten Lungenembolie verstorbenen Patienten ergab einen ausgedehnten, fokal exophytisch, überwiegend jedoch endophytisch wachsenden Harnblasentumor, der dorsal bis an das Rektum und nach kranial kontinuierlich in das Retroperitoneum reichte. Es wird die Differentialdiagnose von klein- und rundzelligen Tumoren in dieser Lokalisation bei Erwachsenen diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002920050269
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    Time-course expression of vascular endothelial growth factor as related to the development of the retinochoroidal vasculature in rats (1998)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 118 (1998), S. 155-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Retinochoroidal vasculature ; Retinal pigment epithelium ; Vascular endothelial growth factor ; In situ hybridization ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Growth factors involved in angiogenesis are critical to both the normal and pathological vascular development in the retina and choroid. In the present experiment, the relationship between the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and the retinochoroidal vasculogenesis in Sprague-Dawley rats was investigated using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. It was found that VEGF was produced mainly by astrocytes and Müller cells in the neural retina, and this was correlated temporally and spatially with the retinal vasculogenesis. In addition, it was observed that, although the VEGF expression in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) decreased with increasing age, it persisted from the embryonic stage to adulthood. These findings indicate that the VEGF expression in RPE may play a role in the development of the choroidal vessels as well as in the maintenance of the normal structure and permeability of the choriocapillaris in adults.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002210050267
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    Abnormalities of nerve fibers in the circular muscle of patients with slow transit constipation (1998)
    Springer
    International journal of colorectal disease 13 (1998), S. 208-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1262
    Keywords: Key words Slow transit constipation ; Immunohistochemistry ; Enteric nervous system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Abnormalities of the enteric nervous system are thought to explain the pathophysiology of motility disorders. Our aim was to determine if particular classes of enteric neurons are affected in slow transit constipation (STC). Specimens were taken from the terminal ileum and ascending, transverse and descending colon of patients undergoing subtotal colectomy for STC. Immunohistochemistry was performed using antisera to neuron-specific enolase, tachykinin, leu-enkephalin, choline acetyltransferase, vasoactive intestinal peptide, nitric oxide synthase, tyrosine hydroxylase and neuropeptide Y. The density of nerve fibres labelled with these antibodies in each layer was compared with age-matched controls. The density of nerve fibres with tachykinin and enkephalin immunoreactivity was reduced in the colonic circular muscle of the 15 patients with STC, whereas innervation of all other layers was normal. This reduction of tachykinin-immunoreactive nerve fibres also occurred in nine of the 12 specimens of terminal ileum examined. No difference was detected in the density or distribution of nerve fibres using the other antisera. Excitatory nerve fibres are present in the circular muscle in STC but they are deficient in tachykinins and enkephalin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003840050163
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    Temporal osteoclastoma: an exceptional lesion in infancy (1998)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 14 (1998), S. 213-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Key words Giant cell tumour ; Immunohistochemistry ; MRI ; Osteoclastoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Osteoclastoma is a rare skeletal lesion, characterized by large multinucleated giant osteoclastic cells; this lesion usually affects young adults with a prevalence of 1 case/1 million population. We report the case of a 9-year-old girl with a right temporal tumescence: X-ray, CT and MRI revealed the presence of a right temporal hyperostotic ring-like area over the lambdoid suture, with irregular margins and calcareous deposits. The tumour was expanding mainly toward the endocranium involving both cranial tables and diploë, without infiltrating the brain parenchyma. The child underwent complete microsurgical removal of the lesion. Histopathological findings revealed the giant cell tumour osteoclastoma. Correct modern preoperative neuroimaging workup, coupled with microneurosurgical technique, allowed successful lesion removal with good outcome. A review of the more recent literature and of mechanisms of pathology together with neuroradiological protocol and results of treatment are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003810050214
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    Melanotic progonoma of the brain: a case report and review (1998)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 14 (1998), S. 389-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Key words Melanotic progonoma ; Neuroectodermal tumor of infancy ; Medulloblastoma ; Prognosis ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract So far, only 25 melanotic progonomas have been found in the central nervous system (male/female ratio 3.5), mostly located in the cerebellum. The average age is 8 years (range 3.5 months to 69 years) with 85% becoming clinically apparent in the first decade of life; 73.7% of the patients reported succumbed to their disease at a mean age of 2.8 years, with a postoperative survival time of just 9 months. Systemic metastases were reported in 9 cases and had mostly spread via cerebrospinal fluid. In contrast to peripheral melanotic progonomas usually found in the maxilla, cerebral progonomas have a much worse outcome and have to be regarded as malignant. We present the case of a 1-year-old boy suffering from a melanotic progonoma of the pineal gland, who died at the age of 22 months with extensive spinal and abdominal metastases 10 months after partial removal of the tumor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003810050251
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    The β2-agonist salbutamol affects the expression of phospholamban and both isoforms of SERCA in canine skeletal muscle and blocks changes in these induced by neuromuscular stimulation (1998)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 435 (1998), S. 511-517 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Key words Skeletal muscle ; Fiber type ; SERCA ; Ca2+-ATPase ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neuromuscular stimulation ; Salbutamol ; Phospholamban ; Sarcoplasmic reticulum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Chronic administration of salbutamol induced expression of hybrid fibers in canine skeletal muscles. Fast-twitch fibers expressed SERCA2a (the slow-twitch isoform of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase) and slow-twitch fibers expressed SERCA1 (the fast-twitch isoform of the Ca2+-ATPase). The proportion of fibers that became hybrid increased from a small percentage in the control muscles to 30% in the predominantly fast-twitch latissimus dorsi and to 45% in the predominantly slow-twitch vastus intermedius. In contrast to this response by the SERCA genes the phospholamban gene response was muscle specific. The fraction of fibers that expressed phospholamban decreased slightly in the latissimus dorsi while increasing moderately in the vastus intermedius. The effects of chronic neurostimulation of the latissimus dorsi on SERCA1, SERCA2a and phospholamban levels were mostly blocked by salbutamol. While 100% of fibers from neurostimulated muscles expressed phospholamban, only 51% of the fibers from the neurostimulated and salbutamol-treated muscles expressed it. In the neurostimulated muscle, very few muscle fibers expressed SERCA1a while 61% of the fibers that received salbutamol expressed it, albeit as hybrid fibers. The levels of SERCA2a in response to these interventions were just the opposite. In the neurostimulated muscle 37.5% of fibers were hybrid and 62.5% expressed SERCA2a only. With co-administration of neurostimulation and salbutamol, 61.3% of fibers were hybrid and 38.7% expressed SERCA2a only.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004240050546
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    Evaluation of flow-cytometric three-parameter analysis for EGFR quantification and DNA assessment in human bladder carcinomas (1998)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 432 (1998), S. 77-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Multiparameter flow cytometry ; DNA measurements ; EGFR-quantification ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Flow-cytometric multi-parameter staining is an excellent method for defining tumour subpopulations. This provides further understanding of tumour heterogeneity and defines the biological relevance of tumour subpopulations. A method of quantifying the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in parallel with DNA staining, which was previously established in bladder carcinoma cell lines, was applied to twenty-five biopsies of urothelium and urothelial neoplasms. Uro5, a surface glycoprotein, was used to identify urothelial cells. Objective quantification of receptor content via flow cytometry was achieved with beads of defined numbers of antigen-binding sites, and receptor numbers obtained from urothelial and nonurothelial cells were compared with staining intensity in a three-step immunoperoxidase detection of the EGFR. The data obtained matched the immunohistochemical findings and were more sensitive in the low range (ca. 5×103) of receptors. Parallel definition of the proliferative fraction and DNA-ploidy of tumour cells means that this method satisfies the requirements of objective quantification for oncological diagnosis.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050137
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    Mesangial cell activation in the collagenofibrotic glomerulonephropathy (1998)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 433 (1998), S. 183-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Collagenofibrotic glomerulonephropathy ; Immunohistochemistry ; α-Smooth muscle actin ; Type III collagen ; Myofibroblast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Collagenofibrotic glomerulonephropathy is a new disease entity of unknown pathogenesis, which is characterized by the deposition of type III collagen within the mesangial matrix. We have investigated a case in which many mesangial cells in the type III collagen-deposited glomeruli were α-smooth muscle actin (ASMA) positive and showed an increase of subplasmalemmal filaments, indicating the activation and myofibroblastic transformation. It is suggested that the activated mesangial cells may synthesize the type III collagen deposited in the subendothelial space and mesangial matrix.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050234
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    Helicobacter pylori infection produces reversible glycosylation changes to gastric mucins (1998)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 433 (1998), S. 419-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Helicobacter pylori ; Gastric mucin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Gastric mucosa ; Glycoprotein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The protective ability of gastric mucins may depend largely on their oligosaccharide chains. We evaluated the effects of H. pylori infection on the glycosylation of gastric mucins. Gastric biopsy specimens from 20 H. pylori-infected patients before and after cure of the H. pylori infection and 8 normal uninfected volunteers were examined by immunostaining for simple mucin-type glycoproteins and blood-group-related antigens bearing type 1 chain backbone. The immunoreactivity in different gastric compartments was evaluated. Simple mucin-type glycoproteins and blood-group-related antigens were expressed in surface mucous cells. Simple mucin-type glycoproteins showed antrum-predominant expression in normal volunteers and were found in significantly fewer surface mucous cells in infected patients than in normal volunteers; their expression was restored after eradication of H. pylori. Sialyl Lewisa and Lewisb were expressed in fewer surface mucous cells after than before eradication. The patterns of glycosylation of gastric mucins vary in different gastric compartments and are reversibly altered by H. pylori infection. These alterations may affect the protective functions of gastric mucins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050269
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    Overexpression of c-met proto-oncogene associated with chromophilic renal cell carcinoma with papillary growth (1998)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 433 (1998), S. 511-515 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words c-MET ; Renal cell carcinoma ; Chromophilic subtype ; Papillary growth pattern ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Various genetic changes are involved in human renal cell carcinomas (RCCs). However, the molecular events related to other cytomorphological subtypes of RCC are not well known, apart from the relationship between the von Hippel-Lindau tumour suppressor gene and clear cell subtype RCC. We examined the overexpression of several growth factor receptors immunohistochemically and analyzed their relationship to the cytomorphological characters in 120 cases of RCCs. These receptors included c-met proto-oncogene product (c-MET), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and transforming growth factor beta receptor II (TGFβR). The overexpression of c-MET was detected in all cases (20/20) of the tubulo-papillary growth type and 78.3% (18/23) of chromophilic cell subtype, resulting in a very significant associations between c-MET overexpression and tubulo-papillary growth RCCs (P〈0.0001), c-MET and chromophilic subtype RCCs (P〈0.0001), and c-MET and EGFR (P〈0.0001). EGFR overexpression was significantly associated with the compact growth RCCs (49/89, P〈0.0001), clear cell subtype RCCs (P〈0.005) and the overexpression of TGFβR (P〈0.0001). These results strongly suggest a close correlation between the overexpression of c-MET and development of the chromophilic subtype of RCC with papillary growth pattern. EGFR expression is closely related to the pathogenesis of the clear cell subtype of RCC with compact growth pattern. The overexpression of c-MET, EGFR, and TGFβR may have roles that are individually significant in the morphogenesis of RCC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050282
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  • 79
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    Localization of elastin mRNA and TGF-β1 in rat aorta and caudal artery as a function of age (1998)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 291 (1998), S. 305-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Elastin ; TGF-β1 ; Arteries ; In situ hybridization ; Immunohistochemistry ; Northern blot ; Ageing ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Several in vitro studies have previously demonstrated that the addition of TGF-β to aortic smooth muscle cells or skin fibroblasts stimulates elastin synthesis. It is not clear however whether, in vivo, TGF-β participates in the regulation of elastin synthesis, especially in physiological conditions. The aim of our study was to explore the localization of elastin mRNA and TGF-β1 in the rat thoracic aorta (an elastic artery) and caudal artery (a muscular artery). Elastin mRNA was localized by in situ hybridization and quantified using Northern blot analysis. TGF-β1 was detected using immunohistochemistry. The study was carried out as a function of age (rats of 3, 10, 20, and 30 months). We observed that TGF-β1 immunoreactivity is present predominantly, but not exclusively, at the sites of elastin synthesis as determined by elastin mRNA detection: in smooth muscle cells in the aorta and in endothelial cells in the caudal artery. The ability of exogenously added TGF-β1 (0.001–10 ng/ml) to modulate the steady-state levels of elastin mRNA in primary cultures of endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts isolated from the thoracic aorta was also studied. At the highest concentration used, elastin mRNA levels increased 5-fold in endothelial cells and 11-fold in smooth muscle cells. The demonstration that TGF-β1 immunoreactivity is present at the sites of elastin synthesis in the thoracic aorta and in the caudal artery and the observation that TGF-β1 induces an increase in elastin mRNA levels in cultured endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells suggest that TGF-β1 may be implicated, at least in part, in the physiological regulation of elastin gene expression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051000
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    The projections of 5-hydroxytryptamine-accumulating neurones in the myenteric plexus of the small intestine of the guinea-pig (1998)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 291 (1998), S. 375-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: 5-hydroxytryptamine ; Myenteric neurones ; Retrograde tracing ; Immunohistochemistry ; Chemical coding ; Morphology ; Guinea-pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Retrograde tracing, combined with immunohistochemistry, was used to study the projections of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-accumulating neurones within the ileum of the guinea-pig, with confocal microscopy being used to characterise further their morphology. Two classes of neurones in the myenteric plexus, capable of taking up 5-HT or analogues, were distinguished. One class had Dogiel type I morphology with lamellar dendrites, was located on the edge or in the middle of ganglia and lacked immunoreactivity for somatostatin (SOM). The other class had smooth ovoid cell bodies with multiple filamentous dendrites and a single axon and represented a subset of the SOM-immunoreactive interneurones in the myenteric plexus. Varicosities immunoreactive for 5-HT alone, 5-HT/SOM or SOM alone were present in the myenteric ganglia. Both classes of 5-HT-accumulating neurones had long aboral projections within the myenteric plexus (up to 100 mm long) and to the submucous plexus and probably function as descending interneurones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051007
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    A neurochemical characterisation of the golden hamster myenteric plexus (1998)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 291 (1998), S. 385-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Gastrointestinal tract ; Intestine ; Myenteric plexus ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neuropeptides ; Co-localisation ; Golden (Syrian) hamster
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The neurochemical composition of nerve fibres and cell bodies in the myenteric plexus of the proventriculus, stomach and small and large intestines of the golden hamster was investigated by using immunohistochemical and histochemical techniques. In addition, the procedures for localising nitric-oxide-utilising neurones by histochemical (NADPH-diaphorase) and immunohistochemical (nitric oxide synthase) methods were compared. The co-localisation of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and nitric oxide synthase in the myenteric plexus of all regions of the gut was also assessed. The results demonstrated the presence of nerve fibres and nerve cell bodies immunoreactive to protein gene product, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, tyrosine hydroxylase, 5-hydroxytryptamine and nitric oxide synthase in all regions of the gastrointestinal tract examined. The pattern of distribution of immunoreactive nerve fibres and nerve cell bodies containing the above markers was found to vary in different regions of the gut. Myenteric neurones and nerve fibres containing immunoreactivity to nitric oxide synthase and NADPH-diaphorase reactivity, however, were shown to have an identical distribution throughout the gut. In contrast to some studies on the guinea-pig and rat, the co-existence of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and nitric oxide synthase was seen in only a small population of myenteric neurones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051008
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    Expression of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-II in human prostate, breast, bladder, and paraganglioma tumors (1998)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 291 (1998), S. 469-479 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words mRNA ; Cancerous epithelium ; Autocrine growth regulation ; In situ hybridization ; Immunohistochemistry ; Western blotting ; Benign prostate hyperplasia ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are potent mitogens for a variety of cancer cells in vitro. A paracrine/autocrine role of IGF-II in the growth of breast and prostate cancer cells has been suggested. Information on cell-type-specific IGF-II expression in vivo in the breast and prostate is, however, limited. Thus, cell types expressing IGF-II mRNA and protein in tumors were identified by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Of 36 prostate, 17 breast, and 10 bladder cancers, and 9 paraganglioma tissues examined, IGF-II was expressed in more than 50% of prostate, breast, and bladder tumors, and in 100% of paraganglioma tumors. Expression levels of IGF-II were highest in the paraganglioma and bladder followed by prostate and breast tumors. In all the tumors expressing IGF-II, both mRNA and protein were localized to malignant cells, expression in the stroma being minimal. Since previous studies had indicated that an incompletely processed form of 15-kDa IGF-II exhibited higher mitogenic potency than the completely processed 7.5-kDa IGF-II form, the quantity and size of IGF-II proteins expressed in these tumors were analyzed by Western immunoblotting. Greater expression of 15-kDa IGF-II relative to the 7.5-kDa IGF-II form was clearly demonstrated in all six prostate cancers and in half of the two breast and four bladder cancers examined. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the 15-kDa form of IGF-II expressed in cancerous cells contributes to autocrine cancer cell growth in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051016
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    In situ detection of AE2 anion-exchanger mRNA in the human liver (1998)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 291 (1998), S. 481-488 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Anion exchange ; Bicarbonate secretion ; Bile-duct epithelial cells ; Hepatocytes ; Immunohistochemistry ; Liver lymphocytes ; T cells ; Man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Na+-independent anion exchangers, a family of membrane proteins that mediate electroneutral exchanges of chloride and bicarbonate ions across the cell membrane, are considered to be involved in intracellular pH regulation as well as in transepithelial acid/base transport. Previous immunohistochemical data have shown that anion-exchanger-2 (AE2) protein is expressed in the liver parenchyma, localizing at both the canaliculi and the luminal surfaces of intrahepatic bile ducts, where it may have a role in the biliary secretion of bicarbonate. In the present study, we have carried out in situ hybridization experiments on biopsies of human liver using three overlapping antisense anion-exchanger-2 riboprobes. Anion-exchanger-2 mRNA signals were localized mainly in the cytoplasm of terminal and interlobular bile-duct cells, whereas weaker signals were observed in bile-duct cells of larger intrahepatic ducts. Furthermore, some hepatocytes, mostly periportal, contained detectable anion-exchanger-2 mRNA signals in their cytoplasm. No hybridization signals were observed in controls with sense riboprobes, with omission of the antisense probe, or with treatment of the sections with RNase before hybridizations. Finally, intense anion-exchanger-2 hybridization signals were observed in lymphomononuclear cells in sinusoids and in portal infiltrates. Immunocytochemical data from reverse-phase sections suggest that these cells correspond to some of the CD45R+ (UCHL1+) T lymphocytes resident in the liver.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051017
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    Postnatal development of GABA- and glycine-like immunoreactivity in the cochlear nucleus of the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) (1998)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 293 (1998), S. 207-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Brain mapping ; Inhibitory neurotransmitters ; Auditory system ; Brain stem ; Immunohistochemistry ; Meriones unguiculatus (Rodentia)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The maturation of the morphological substrate for inhibitory interactions was investigated in the cochlear nucleus of the gerbil with immunocytochemistry for gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine on alternating vibratome sections. The patterns of immunostaining obtained with both antibodies in the adult closely conformed to the general mammalian scheme. Qualitative analyses revealed an age-related increase in staining intensity and in the relative numbers of immunolabelled cells after birth up to the age of 3–4 weeks. As early as birth and in all subdivisions of the cochlear nucleus, a few labelled cells and puncta in the sections were stained either with the GABA or the glycine antibody. Immunoreactive puncta and cells were, however, far less abundant than in the adult, and the staining intensity of cells was only weak. The most strikingly GABA-immunolabelled cells at birth were the Golgi cells of the granule-cell domains. The numbers of weakly GABA- and glycine-immunostained cells of the dorsal cochlear nucleus clearly increased between birth and the third postnatal week. At approximately the onset of hearing (postnatal day 12–14), some cells of the dorsal cochlear nucleus and small cells of the ventral cochlear nucleus gained adult-like GABA-staining properties. Almost adult-like labelling intensity was observed in glycine-immunoreactive cells of the deep dorsal cochlear nucleus and in some small cells of the ventral cochlear nucleus. Puncta staining to both antibodies appeared adult-like throughout the cochlear nucleus. About 2 weeks after the onset of hearing (at the latest), adult-like staining of all subsets of immunoreactive cells occurred throughout the cochlear nucleus in all specimens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051113
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    Characterization and localization of two forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in the spinal cord of the frog Rana ridibunda (1998)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 293 (1998), S. 235-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Gonadotropin-releasing hormone ; Spinal cord ; Amphibian ; Biochemical characterization ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rana ridibunda (Anura)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Two molecular variants of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) have been previously characterized in the brain of amphibians, i.e., mammalian GnRH (mGnRH) and chicken GnRH-II (cGnRH-II). The aim of the present study was to identify the molecular forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone and to localize gonadotropin-releasing hormone-containing elements in the spinal cord of the frog Rana ridibunda using highly specific antisera against mGnRH and cGnRH-II. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis combined with radioimmunoassay (RIA) detection revealed that frog spinal cord extracts contained both mGnRH and cGnRH-II. Immunohistochemical labeling revealed that the frog spinal cord was devoid of GnRH-containing cell bodies. In contrast, numerous GnRH-immunoreactive fibers were observed throughout the entire length of the cord. mGnRH immunoreactivity was only detected in the rostral region of the cord and consisted of varicose processes located in the vicinity of the central canal. cGnRH-II-positive fibers were found throughout the spinal cord, the density of immunoreactive processes decreasing gradually toward the caudal region. Two main cGnRH-II-positive fiber tracts with a rostrocaudal orientation were observed: a relatively dense fiber bundle surrounding the central canal, and a more diffuse plexus in the white matter. In addition, short, varicose cGnRH-II-positive processes with a radial orientation were present throughout the gray matter. These fibers were particularly abundant ventromedially and formed a diffuse network that ramified laterally to end in the vicinity of motoneurons. Taken together, these data indicate that the frog spinal cord, like the frog brain, contains two forms of GnRH. The presence of numerous cGnRH-II-immunoreactive fibers in the ventral horn suggests that cGnRH-II may influence the activity of a subpopulation of motoneurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051115
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    Transient appearance of substance P-like immunoreactivity in the granular convoluted tubules of the male mouse submandibular gland: light- and electron-microscopic studies (1998)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 292 (1998), S. 177-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Submandibular gland ; Granular convoluted tubule ; Substance P ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mouse (BALB-c)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The time of appearance and distribution of substance P (SP)-like immunoreactivity in the granular convoluted tubule cells of the developing male mouse submandibular glands were examined, and the subcellular localization of SP-like immunoreactivity was investiagted by electron microscopy. At 25 days of age, SP-like immunoreactivity was first detected in the supranuclear cytoplasm of the granular convoluted tubule cells, which occurred either singly or in small clusters. At 30 and 35 days of age, granular convoluted tubule cells with SP-like immunoreactivity were more numerous than in the earlier stages, as the volume ratio of the cells increased. Not all granular convoluted tubule cells demonstrated SP-like immunoreactivity. The number of cells with SP-like immunoreactivity decreased at 60 days of age, and these cells had completely disappeared at 90 days of age. Most, but not all, secretory granules in the granular convoluted tubule cells were strongly labeled with gold particles, indicating that the subcellular site of SP-like substance is in the secretory granules within the cells. The findings suggest that the physiological role of the SP-like substance secreted from the GCT cells is restricted to the early postnatal stages, and that it may be involved in the development of the oral mucosa or digestive tract as a trophic factor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051048
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    GABA-immunohistological observations, at the electron-microscopical level, of the neurons of isthmic nuclei in chicken, Gallus domesticus (1998)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 291 (1998), S. 255-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Isthmo-optic system ; GABA ; Immunohistochemistry ; Domestic Fowl
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Following a demonstration of Golgi-impregnated neurons and their terminal axon arborization in the optic tectum, the neurons of the nucleus parvocellularis and magnocellularis isthmi were studied by means of postembedded electron-microscopical (EM) γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-immunogold staining. In the parvocellular nucleus, none of the neuronal cell bodies or dendrites displayed GABA-like immunoreactivity in EM preparations stained by postembedded GABA-immunogold. However, numerous GABA-like immunoreactive and also unlabeled terminals established synapses with GABA-negative neurons. GABA-like immunoreactive terminals were usually found at the dendritic origin. Around the dendritic profiles, isolated synapses of both GABA-like immunoreactive and immunonegative terminals established glomerulus-like structures enclosed by glial processes. All giant and large neurons of the magnocellular nucleus of the isthmi displayed GABA-like immunoreactivity. Their cell surface was completely covered by GABA-like immunoreactive and unlabeled terminals that established synapses with the neurons. These neurons are thought to send axon collaterals to the parvocellular nucleus; their axons enter the tectum opticum. The morphological characteristics of neurons of both isthmic nuclei are like those of interneurons, because of their numerous axosomatic synapses with both asymmetrical and symmetrical features. These neurons are not located among their target neurons and exert their modulatory effect on optic transmission in the optic tectum at a distance.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050995
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    Calretinin-immunoreactive laminar nerve endings in the laryngeal mucosa of the rat (1998)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 292 (1998), S. 613-617 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Sensory nerve endings ; Calretinin ; Laryngeal mucosa ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The distribution of laminar nerve endings that contained immunoreactive calretinin was examined in the laryngeal mucosa of the adult rat. In whole-mount preparations, the immunoreactive laminar endings were distributed in the supraglottic region but not in the subglottic region. The laminar endings that arose from thick nerve fibers with or without swellings were identified as corpuscles with many variform terminal arborizations. They appeared to be located at the interface between the epithelium and the subepithelial connective tissue. The terminals were scattered under the basal lamina of the epithelium, and some of them were located within the epithelial layer. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed that both sub- and intraepithelial immunoreactive terminals that were filled with mitochondria were partly or totally ensheathed by Schwann cell processes. The denervation experiments, in which the superior laryngeal nerve was cut unilaterally or bilaterally, suggested that the laminar endings originate from the superior laryngeal nerve with strict ipsilateral innervation. The laminar endings might be associated with detection of changes in pressure in the laryngeal cavity or chemical stimuli.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051091
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    Bovine mast cells: distribution, density, heterogeneity, and influence of fixation techniques (1998)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 293 (1998), S. 111-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Mast cells ; Heterogeneity ; Tryptase ; Chymase ; Enzyme histochemistry ; Immunohistochemistry ; Bovine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Mast cells can be distinguished according to various characteristics: rodent mast cells have been subtyped by histochemical criteria, whereas canine and human mast cells have been classified according to their proteases. Comparisons of mast cells from different species have therefore resulted in contradictory and confusing opinions on mast cell heterogeneity. Thus, it is essential to obtain species-specific data on mast cell density and heterogeneity. The present study was carried out to determine the physiological distribution of mast cell numbers and types in bovines according to tissue location, staining, and fixation methods. Samples were fixed in formalin or Carnoy’s fluid. The average number of mast cells was determined by using a metachromatic staining method. Protease content of mast cells was examined with a double-enzyme-immunohistochemical staining technique. Three mast cell subtypes were distinguished: T-, TC-, and C-mast cells. The T-mast cell was the predominant subtype in nearly all investigated organs and tissue locations. Only tryptase-positive mast cells could be demonstrated in bovine skin and uterus. No chymase activity was found in these organs, regardless of the fixation type. A larger number of mast cells was observed after fixation in Carnoy’s fluid. The three different mast cell subtypes were only demonstrated in formalin-fixed tissue; chymase-positive mast cells were not found after fixation in Carnoy’s fluid. Increasing experimental data suggest that mast cell subtypes have different functions in promoting and modulating inflammation and in remodeling the extracellular matrix. Since mast cell tryptase and chymase have different functional properties, these results may clarify the different reaction patterns observed in various organs and species.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051103
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  • 90
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    Segmental muscle fiber lesions after repetitive eccentric contractions (1998)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 293 (1998), S. 165-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Muscle injury ; Cytoskeleton ; Sarcomere organisation ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Rabbit (New Zealand White)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Immunohistochemical and electron-microscopic techniques were used to analyze the extensor digitorum longus muscles of New Zealand White rabbits 1 h, 1 day, 3, 7, and 28 days after repetitive eccentric contractions. Loss of the cytoskeletal protein desmin was the earliest manifestation of injury. Apart from 1 h post-exercise, all desmin-negative fibers stained positively with antibody to plasma fibronectin, indicating loss of cellular integrity accompanying cytoskeletal disruption. Fiber sizes were significantly increased from 1–7 days after exercise. The large (hyaline) fibers found in histological sections after repetitive eccentric contractions resulted from segmental hypercontraction of the fiber. This phenomenon occurred proximally and distally to plasma membrane lesions of the muscle fiber and necrosis and manifested itself as very short sarcomere lengths. Thus, in serial sections, staining characteristics, sizes and shapes of one and the same fiber often varied dramatically. We conclude that the following sequence of events occurs: cytoskeletal disruptions, loss of myofibrillar registry, i.e., Z-disk streaming and A-band disorganization, and loss of cell integrity as manifested by intracellular plasma fibronectin stain, hypercontracted regions, and invasion of cells. When a fiber is disrupted, the remaining intact fibers apparently take up the tension put on the muscle and later fewer fibers are subjected to eccentric contractions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051108
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    Corpuscles of Stannius and stanniocalcin-like immunoreactivity in the white sucker (Catostomus commersoni): evidence for a new cell-type (1998)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 293 (1998), S. 155-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Corpuscles of Stannius ; Stanniocalcin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neuroendocrine cell ; Western blotting ; Catostomus commersoni (Teleostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The distribution of stanniocalcin immunoreactivity was examined in the corpuscles of Stannius of the white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) by using a chum salmon stanniocalcin antiserum, Western blotting, and light and electron microscopy. The white sucker possesses at least two stanniocalcin-immunoreactive corpuscles in the most posterior portions of the kidneys. Immunocytochemistry and ultrastructure revealed two cell-types in the corpuscle parenchyma, only one of which was immunoreactive. The nonimmunoreactive cells contained dense-cored vesicles and long processes that extended between the immunoreactive cells and terminated at perivascular spaces. When corpuscle extracts were subjected to electrophoresis and Western blotting, three nonreduced stanniocalcin-like immunoreactive bands (approximately 56, 61, and 64 kDa) were observed. However, in the presence of a reductant, a diffuse band migrating in the range of 28 to 32 kDa was noted. The results of this study on the white sucker demonstrate the presence of a dimeric stanniocalcin-like molecule and present evidence of a previously uncharacterized cell-type in the corpuscles of Stannius.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051107
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    PACAP (pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide)-like immunoreactivity in the gill arch of the goldfish, Carassius auratus: distribution and comparison with VIP (1998)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 293 (1998), S. 567-571 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) ; Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) ; Immunohistochemistry ; Gill arch ; Glossopharyngeal nerve ; Vagus nerve ; Goldfish ; Carassius auratus (Teleostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) is a novel vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-like peptide isolated from ovine hypothalamus. It is present in neuronal elements of a number of peripheral organs. We have examined whether PACAP occurs in the gill arch of Carassius auratus L. in which our recent studies have shown the presence of VIP-like peptide. Immunohistochemistry has revealed PACAP-like immunoreactivity in the anterior branches of the post-trematic glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves. PACAP-immunoreactive nerve cell bodies and fibers are present in connective tissue on the oral side of the gill arch. Colocalization studies carried out by the application of double immunofluorescence show that a PACAP-like peptide coexists with VIP in the same nerve cell bodies and fibers. The localization pattern of PACAP in the gill arch of goldfish suggests its possible involvement in the regulation of secretory activities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051149
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  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunoreactivity of normal rabbit serum with epinephrine (E) cells of the rat adrenal medulla after microwave antigen retrieval (1998)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 293 (1998), S. 563-566 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Chromaffin cells ; Immunohistochemistry ; Natural antibodies ; Chromogranin ; Secretogranin ; Rat (F344 ; Crl: CDBR)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Normal rabbit serum (NRS) produces intense staining of epinephrine (E) cells in microwave-heated sections of rat and mouse adrenal gland. This staining is not eliminated by liver adsorption, complement inactivation, high salt buffer, Triton X-100 or dilution in normal goat serum and bovine serum albumin (BSA), suggesting that it may result from specific antigen-antibody interactions. Western blots of adrenal medullary protein probed with NRS reveal several bands. The major band does not correspond to rat chromogranin A, which is a major constituent of E-cell secretory granules. The findings suggest that NRS may contain autoantibodies against a secreted rabbit E-cell protein with a homologous counterpart in rats and mice, and that this protein may be immunologically unmasked in situ by microwave heating. This phenomenon is a potential source of error in immunohistochemical studies of the adrenal medulla, and has potential biological significance in neuroimmunology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051148
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  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of murine mannose receptor expression from early embryogenesis through to adulthood (1998)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 292 (1998), S. 311-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Mannose receptor ; Macrophage-specific antigen F4/80 ; Macrophages ; Endothelial cells Embryogenesis ; Development ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mouse (C57Black/6 ; BALB/c)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The mannose receptor is a 175-kDa transmembrane glycoprotein that appears to be expressed on the surface of terminally differentiated macrophages and Langerhans cells. The ectodomain of the mannose receptor has eight carbohydrate recognition domains. The receptor recognizes the patterns of sugars that adorn a wide array of bacteria, parasites, yeast, fungi, and mannosylated ligands. Clearance studies in whole animals have localized radiolabeled ligands, such as mannosylated bovine serum albumen, not only to macrophages, but also to liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. Hitherto, there has been no comprehensive analysis of expression of the mannose receptor in embryonic and adult mouse tissues. In this study, we have undertaken a systematic survey of the expression of the mannose receptor from early embryogenesis through to adulthood. The mannose receptor is expressed on tissue macrophages throughout the adult mouse as expected. However, the mannose receptor is first observed on embryonic day 9 on cells that line blood island vessel walls in the yolk sac. The mannose receptor is localized on sinusoidal endothelial cells in embryonic liver by embryonic day 11 and in bone marrow at embryonic day 17. This pattern persists in these organs throughout embryogenesis into adulthood when sinusoidal endothelial cells of lymph nodes also express the mannose receptor. The receptor is also found on lymphatic endothelial cells of small intestine. In contrast, sinusoids of spleen and thymus do not express mannose receptor antigen. This study demonstrates that the mannose receptor is expressed on tissue macrophages and on subsets of vascular and lymphatic endothelial cells. Thus, the mannose receptor maybe a marker of the so-called reticuloendothelial system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051062
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical observation of growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43) in the developing circumvallate papilla of the rat (1998)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 293 (1998), S. 499-507 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Circumvallate papilla ; Growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43) ; Protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) ; Taste buds ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The distribution and development of growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43)-like immunoreactivity (-LI) in the rat circumvallate papilla (CVP) were compared to those of protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5)-LI. In the adult, thick GAP-43-like immunoreactive (-IR) structures gathered densely in the subgemmal region. Some of these further penetrated the apical epithelium and trench wall epithelium. At least two types of GAP-43-IR structures were recognized; taste bud-related and non-gustatory GAP-43-IR neural elements. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed that GAP-43-LI was localized predominantly in the Schwann cells, and a few axons displayed GAP-43-LI in the lamina propria. In the trench epithelium, GAP-43-LI was detected in the cytoplasmic side of the axonal membrane. Some intragemmal GAP-43-IR axons made synaptic-like contacts with taste bud cells. At least four developmental stages were defined on the basis of the changes in distribution of GAP-43-LI. In stage I [embryonic day (E) 16–17] GAP-43-IR structures accumulated at the lamina propria just beneath the newly-formed circumvallate papilla. In stage II (E18–19) GAP-43-IR nerve fibers began to penetrate the apical epithelium. In stage III [E20-postnatal day (P) 0] GAP-43-IR nerve fibers first appeared in the trench wall epithelium. Penetration of GAP-IR nerve fibers occurred in the inner trench wall epithelium first, and then in the outer trench wall epithelium. In stage IV (P1-) the distribution of GAP-43-LI was similar to that observed in the adult; but the density of GAP-43-LI was much higher than in adults. PGP 9.5-LI showed a similar distribution pattern to that of GAP-43-LI, except for round-shaped cells in the apical epithelium at the late embryonic stages, and in taste bud cells and intralingual ganglionic cells which lacked GAP-43-LI. The similarities in distribution patterns of GAP-43-LI and PGP 9.5-LI during the development and mature circumvallate papilla suggest that GAP-43 may be a key neuronal molecule for induction and maintenance of the taste buds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051142
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Maturation of rat dendritic cells during intrahepatic translocation evaluated using monoclonal antibodies and electron microscopy (1998)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 294 (1998), S. 503-514 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Dendritic cells ; Maturation ; Intrahepatic translocation ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Specific populations of hepatic sinusoidal cells were stained with monoclonal antibodies that recognize monocytes/macrophages (ED1), tissue macrophages (Kupffer cells) (ED2), MHC class II (Ia) antigen (MRC OX6), and dendritic cells/γ,δ T-cells (MRC OX62) and analyzed by light and electron microscopy. The majority of ED1+ and/or ED2+ cells were localized to the hepatic parenchyma, whereas OX6+ and/or OX62+ cells were more densely distributed within Glisson’s sheath than in the hepatic parenchyma. Double-immunoperoxidase staining of normal liver for ED1, ED2, and OX6 identified dendritic cells (DC) of two different phenotypes, ED1+ED2–OX6+ and ED1–ED2–OX6+. DC can be classified into three different types based on ultrastructural characteristics. The first type (type I) is characterized by one or more long cytoplasmic processes and a well-developed lysosomal system. The second type (type II) has an inconspicuous lysosomal system, abundant hyaloplasm, and characteristic short cytoplasmic processes. The third type (type I–II) has cytologic features intermediate between those of type I and type II DC. At the electron-microscopic level, these three cell types are found in the sinusoidal lumen, whereas the majority of type II DC are located in the space of Disse and Glisson’s sheath. Furthermore, some OX6-labeled elongated DC appeared to traverse the lumen of sinusoids through endothelial pores to enter the space of Disse. One hour after intravenous injection of latex particles (0.81 μm in diameter), numerous latex-laden dendritic cells (ED1+OX6+, type I and type I–II) were detected in the lumen of hepatic sinusoids, but not in the space of Disse or Glisson’s sheath. These findings suggest that normal rat liver contains resident dendritic cells which downregulate phagocytic activity and mature into potent accessory cells during migration from the portal vein toward the central vein. These DC then traverse the sinusoidal lumen to the hepatic lymph system via the space of Disse.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051201
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TH-, NPY-, SP-, and CGRP-immunoreactive nerves in interscapular brown adipose tissue of adult rats acclimated at different temperatures: an immunohistochemical study (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of neurocytology 27 (1998), S. 877-886 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7381
    Keywords: Brown Adipose Tissue ; Innervation ; Tyrosine Hydroxylase ; Neuropeptide Y ; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide ; Substance P ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT), a site of nonshivering thermogenesis in mammals, is neurally controlled. The co-existence of sympathetic and peptidergic innervation has been demonstrated in different brown adipose depots. We studied the morphological profile of IBAT innervation and tested by immunohistochemical methods whether cold and warm stimulation are accompanied by modifications in the density of parenchymal noradrenergic nerve fibers. We also studied the immunoreactivity of afferent fibers—which contain calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP)〈197〉in different functional conditions. IBAT was obtained from adult rats (6 weeks old) acclimated at different temperatures (4°, 20°, and 28°C). Tissue activity was evaluated by studying the immunolocalization of uncoupling protein (UCP-1), a specific marker of brown adipose tissue. Noradrenergic and peptidergic innervation were seen to arise from morphologically different nerves. Fibers staining for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) were thin, unmyelinated hilar nerves, and CGRP- and SP-positive fibers were in thick nerves containing both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers. Under cold stimulation, noradrenergic neurons produce greater amounts of TH, and their axons branch, resulting in increased parenchymal nerve fibers density. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) probably co-localizes with TH in noradrenergic neurons, but only in the perivascular nerve fiber network. The parenchymal distribution of NPY to interlobular arterioles and capillaries suggests that this peptide must have other functions besides that of innervating arteriovenous anastomoses, as hypothesized by other researchers. The different distribution of CGRP and SP suggests the existence of different sensory neuronal populations. The detection of CGRP at the parenchymal level is in line with the hypothesis of a trophic action of this peptide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006996922657
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The diagnosis of amniotic fluid embolism: an immunohistochemical study for the quantification of pulmonary mast cell tryptase (1998)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 111 (1998), S. 238-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Key words Amniotic fluid embolism ; Mast cell tryptase ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Notes: Abstract Recent clinical articles have suggested that amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) may be the result of anaphylactic reactions to fetal antigens and that the major part of this clinical syndrome is the result of mast cell degranulation and of the release of histamine, tryptase and other mediators. Tryptase, a neutral protease, is known to be the dominant protein component of the secretory granules of T and TC mast cells. In this paper we have examined the presence and the pulmonary distribution of mast cell tryptase utilizing specific immunohistochemical studies and morphometric evaluation in six cases of fatal amniotic fluid embolism compared to six subjects who died following anaphylactic shock and two control groups (five and six cases respectively) of traumatic death. The results demonstrate a numerical increase of pulmonary mast cells in the subjects who died of AFE (average cell number 54.095) with values corresponding to those encountered in cases of death due to anaphylactic shock (average cell number 51.378) compared with that of the traumatic control groups (average cell number 24.477 and 9.995 respectively). These results can shed light on additional criteria for the diagnosis of amniotic fluid embolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004140050160
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical detection for Actinomyces sp. in swine tonsillar abscess and granulomatous mastitis (1998)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 141 (1998), S. 15-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Actinomyces ; Granulomatous mastitis ; Immunohistochemistry ; Tonsillar abscess ; Swine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The tonsils of eleven pigs and the mammary glands of a sow were used to investigate actinomycotic lesions due to Actinomyces sp. infection. At necropsy, there was no abnormality on these tonsils, on the other hand, numerous abscesses containing sulfur granules were found in the mammary. Histopathologically, the Actinomyces sp. lesions were noted as crypt abscesses in the tonsils and as pus-forming granulomas in the mammary glands. The microorganisms in both lesions were composed of bead-like cocci, bacillary cells and short, branching filaments, those cells being positive by the Gram's and Grocott's methods. Clubs were formed around the microbial clumps in these lesions. Immunohistochemically, there were cross-reactivities between antibody of Actinomyces sp. Chiba 101 (101) and swine actinomycetes of 7 species: A. bovis, A. hyovaginalis, A. israeli, A. naeslundii, A. pyogenes, A. suis (formerly Eubacterium suis) and A. viscosus. However it was possible to differentiate Actinomyces sp. 101 from them by absorption and dilution of the antiserum, then the microorganisms in the tonsillar crypt abscesses and the granulomatous mastitis were labelled with an immunoperoxidase technique using the absorbed Actinomyces sp. 101 antiserum. Thus, these immunolabelling properties are suggestive of the presence of ‘A. suis’ (Grässer) Franke 1973.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006820611103
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Significance of retinoblastoma and mdm2 gene expression as prognostic markers for soft-tissue sarcoma (1998)
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 383 (1998), S. 99-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Key words Retinoblastoma protein ; Murine double minute protein ; Immunohistochemistry ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The growth regulatory function of the retinoblastoma protein (RB) can be suppressed by mdm2 via RB/mdm2 interaction by perturbation of the RB suppression of the E2F function. The goal of this study was to examine the clinical value of immunohistochemical (IHC) RB detection and its relationship to mdm2 overexpression in a cohort of 198 adult primary soft-tissue sarcomas (STS). RB overexpression reveals, multivariately, a correlation with survival (RR = 1.59, P = 0.037) as well as mdm2 positivity (RR = 2.32, P = 0.0035). Stratification of RB results to mdm2 staining shows a prognostic graduation in four levels. Patients with positivity for both antibodies have the highest risk (RR = 3.30, P = 0.002) and the poorest prognosis (projected 5-year survival rate, 18.6%); those with negativity for both antibodies show the most favourable prognosis (projected 5-year survival rate, 63.4%). Intermediately, an isolated RB overexpression (projected 5-year survival rate, 46.1%) is more favourable than an isolated mdm2 positivity (projected 5-year survival rate, 33.5%). To sum up, this study proves that RB and mdm2 overexpression have an individual and also an additive effect on prognosis in STS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004230050099
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