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  • 1980-1984  (780)
  • 1960-1964
  • 1982  (780)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (706)
  • pharmacokinetics
  • Nuclear reactions
Datenquelle
Materialart
Erscheinungszeitraum
  • 1980-1984  (780)
  • 1960-1964
Jahr
Schlagwörter
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pharmacokinetics of intravenous glibenclamide investigated by a high performance liquid Chromatographic assay (1982)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 23 (1982), S. 37-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Glibenclamide ; pharmacokinetics ; high performance liquid chromatography ; plasma insulin ; blood glucose
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A simple high performance liquid Chromatographic assay for the determination of plasma glibenclamide concentrations is described. This resolved glibenclamide from normal plasma constituents. The calibration curve of the assay was linear over the range 10–500 μg/1 and the minimum level of detection was 2 μg/1. Within-assay coefficients of variation were 11.6% (20 μg/1); 5.3% (50 μg/1); 6.8% (100 μg/1); between-assay coefficients of variation were 8.4% (20 μg/1); 4.7% (50 μg/1) and 7.4% (100 μg/1). The assay was used to study the pharmacokinetics of a 1 mg intravenous dose of glibenclamide in eight normal subjects. The mean half-life was found to be 1.47±0.42 h (SD) and no evidence for a non-linear β-phase or slowly equilibrating ‘deep’ compartment was found although this could not be rigorously excluded. The mean systemic drug clearance was 78±29 ml·h-1·kg-1 and the apparent volume of distribution in the β-phase was 155±44 ml/kg. The median time of maximum response of plasma immunoreactive insulin was 25 min and the median time of maximum blood glucose response was 53 min. No correlation could be found between the pharmacokinetics of glibenclamide and these responses in fasted normal individuals.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00257728
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pharmacokinetics of propranolol and sotalol in hyperthyroidism (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 21 (1982), S. 373-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): propranolol ; sotalol ; thyrotoxicosis ; bioavailability ; serum tri-iodothyronine ; pharmacokinetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The elimination and bioavailability of two beta-blocking agents, propranolol and sotalol, were studied in 10 thyrotoxic patients, both before and after treatment with iodine-131. Each subject received in random order propranolol 160 mg and sotalol 160mg as single oral doses both while hyperthyroid and after euthyroidism had been achieved. The pharmacokinetics of sotalol was not affected by hyperthyroidism, whereas serum propranolol concentrations were significantly lower during hyperthyroidism than in the euthyroid state. During hyperthyroidism, the bioavailability of propranolol was significantly reduced (p〈0.05) and its clearance was increased (p〈0.005), whereas there was no difference in its serum t1/2. This indicates that the bioavailability of propranolol in hyperthyroidism is reduced by a mechanism which may depend on increased first-pass metabolism in the liver, or on an increased distribution volume of the drug. Both propranolol and sotalol caused a slight decrease in serum tri-iodothyronine concentration. As the effects of beta-blocking agents on the symptoms of hyperthyroidism are correlated with the serum concentration of the drugs, sotalol, with its long half-life and unaltered elimination in hyperthyroidism, has certain advantages over propranolol in the treatment of thyrotoxicosis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00542321
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Studies of the different metabolic pathways of antipyrine in man (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 21 (1982), S. 433-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): antipyrine ; antipyrine metabolites ; drug metabolism ; route of administration ; healthy volunteers ; urinary excretion ; pharmacokinetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The pharmacokinetics of antipyrine in plasma and saliva, and urinary excretion of its major metabolites, were studied following i.v. and oral administration of antipyrine 500 mg to 6 healthy volunteers. Data from both plasma and saliva showed that the oral bioavailability of antipyrine given as an aqueous solution was complete. The saliva/plasma concentration ratio was constant with time from about 3 h onwards, with a mean value of 0.87 after oral and 0.91 after i.v. administration. It is concluded that the pharmacokinetic parameters of antipyrine can be satisfactorily established on the basis of salivary data, although the volume of distribution and clearance values are then slightly too high. After i.v. administration, 3.8±1.9% of the dose was excreted in urine as unchanged antipyrine in 48h, 24.9±6.3% as 4-hydroxyantipyrine, 16.5±3.2% as norantipyrine, 13.0±2.2% as 3-hydroxymethyl-antipyrine and 5.8±1.0% as 3-carboxy-antipyrine. No significant differences were observed following oral administration. The half-lives calculated from the linear part of the urinary excretion rate curves of the metabolites were about the same for oral and i.v. administration, and were of the same order of magnitude as the elimination half-life of parent drug in plasma and saliva. It is important for determination of the ultimate metabolite ratio that urine is collected for at least 36h, because there is a delay in the excretion of 3-hydroxymethyl-antipyrine in urine.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00542332
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pharmacokinetic aspects of caffeine in premature infants with apnoea (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 22 (1982), S. 47-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): apnoea ; caffeine ; premature infants ; pharmacokinetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The pharmacokinetics of caffeine was examined in 13 premature infants (gestational age 25–34 weeks, birth weight 920–2060 g, postnatal age 1–42 days) who received the drug for treatment of opnoea. Caffeine (1% aqueous solution) was given i.v. in single doses; guided by the clinical response infants received between one and seven (mean 2.6) doses of 15 mg/kg. Mean (± SE; range) Clb was extremely slow − 8.5 ml/kg/h (±0.4; 5.8–12.2), t1/2 was prolonged − 65.0 h (±3.7; 48.2–87.5 h) and Vd was 0.781/kg (±0.04; 0.47–1.01). No significant correlation was found between Clb, t1/2 and postnatal age in the whole group or in individual infants. Effective plasma concentrations varied over a wide range (12–36 µg/ml) and overlapped with subtherapeutic concentrations (⩽24 µg/ml). Single doses of 15 mg/kg i.v. or p.o. prevented apnoea in most cases, if necessary followed by additional doses. Monitoring the blood level of caffeine in infants receiving frequent repeated doses is necessary to prevent toxicity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00606424
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Does cantharides blister fluid provide access to the peripheral compartment? (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 23 (1982), S. 327-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): bendroflumethiazide ; cantharides plasters ; blister fluid ; plasma levels ; pharmacokinetics ; compartmental analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The pharmacokinetics of bendroflumethiazide (BFT) was investigated following the oral administration of 10 mg to 3 healthy volunteers. Each subject participated twice in the study. BFT was determined in plasma and cantharides blister fluid from 1/2 to 30 h post administration. Blister fluid was obtained from blisters 10–22 h old. Plasma levels were fitted to a tri-exponential equation and the concentration of the drug in the peripheral compartment was calculated from the microscopic rate constants. In 5 of 6 cases investigated, cantharides blister fluid levels paralleled the concentration of the drug in the peripheral compartment. The mean blister fluid levels exceeded the calculated concentration in Compartment 2 1.46 fold. In one case, the blister fluid level paralleled the plasma level. This subject clearly differed from the others as more than 10 h were required for blister formation in her. The results suggest that following the administration of BFT, cantharides blister fluid behaves as part of the peripheral compartment. The possible value of studying blister fluid levels in pharmacokinetic investigations is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00613614
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The influence of free fatty acids on valproic acid plasma protein binding during fasting in normal humans (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 23 (1982), S. 343-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): valproic acid ; fatty acids ; plasma protein binding ; pharmacokinetics ; drug metabolism
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The effect of physiologic variations of free fatty acid levels on in vivo valproic acid plasma protein binding was studied in 6 healthy adult subjects. 14 blood samples were taken during a 12-h dosing interval at steady state while in a fed condition and also during a 27 h fast. Free fraction and total valproate concentration were determined by equilibrium dialysis and GLC, respectively. Free fatty acid levels were determined from both fresh samples and samples incubated at 37°C for 12 h, the latter in order to simulate equilibrium dialysis conditions. Fasting resulted in increased serum free fatty acid levels in all subjects, ranging from 34–182% (p〈0.01). Incubation also caused free fatty acid levels to rise, more so in fed samples (50–87%,p〈0.01) than in fasting samples (10–50%,p〈0.01). Fasting resulted in a 9% increase in the mean free fraction for all subjects combined (p〈0.01). Regression analysis of 180 sets of values for free fraction, total valproate concentration and free fatty acid level suggested that valproate concentration accounts for 17% and free fatty acid level for 37% of the variation in free fraction. Mean clearance was unchanged by fasting despite an increased free fraction suggesting decreased intrinsic clearance (i.e. decreased metabolism) of valproate under these conditions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00613618
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pharmacokinetics of pancuronium in man: A linear system (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 23 (1982), S. 369-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): neuromuscular blockade ; pancuronium ; non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent ; pharmacokinetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Pancuronium in bolus doses of 40 to 350 µg/kg was administered to surgical patients in order to evaluate the linearity of its pharmacokinetics. The profile of the plasma decay curve and of its urinary elimination were compared with reference to the administered dose. It was possible to superimpose the dose-normalized plasma decay-curves. The parameters of the two compartment-open model used to describe the pharmacokinetics of pancuronium were not influenced by the dose. The elimination half-life was 89±20 min and the plasma clearance was 1.84±0.38 ml/min/kg. The profiles of cumulative urinary excretion were also dose-independent. After 6 and 24 h, 57% and 69% of the administered dose, respectively, had been excreted in the urine. The results indicate that the pharmacokinetics of pancuronium is linear.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00613623
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Overdosage of antidepressants: Clinical and pharmacokinetic aspects (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 23 (1982), S. 513-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): amitriptyline ; imipramine ; clomipramine ; antidepressant overdose ; clinical effects ; pharmacokinetics ; cardiotoxicity ; maprotiline ; doxepine ; nortriptyline ; opipramol
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Twenty-nine cases of self-poisoning with antidepressants (amitriptyline, imipramine, clomipramine, maprotiline, doxepine, nortriptyline, opipramol) were examined by frequent observation of CNS effects, heart rate, blood pressure and standard ECG, 24 h-ECG-monitoring, measurement of systolic time intervals, EEG recordings and frequent measurement of serum levels of antidepressants and primary metabolites. None of the patients died. Maximum total serum antidepressant level (parent compound + desmethyl metabolite) ranged from 20 to 2200 µg/l, with concentrations above 500 µg/l in 11 cases. The serum amitriptyline concentration remained high for 3–4 days in some of the severely intoxicated patients and the decay curves were compatible with partly saturated elimination. A degree of unconsciousness and the occurrence of excitation and hallucinations were generally seen in cases with total serum antidepressant levels above 500 µg/l. Grand mal seizures occurred more frequently at high antidepressant levels, but could not be predicted from the EEG recordings. Increased heart rate and prolonged QRS- and QTc-intervals were significantly correlated with the total serum antidpressant level. 24 h-ECG-monitoring revealed no serious arrhythmias or instances of heart block. Hypotension was only seen initially in few patients. Systolic time interval measurements showed changes suggesting impaired myocardial performance (elevated PEP/LVET ratio) at intermediate (60–500 µg/l) but not high (〉500 µg/l) total serum antidepressant levels. Measurement of serum concentration in antidepressant intoxication is important for identification of patients with high serum levels and the corresponding risk of developing toxic reactions, and to exclude patients with a low concentration who do not require intensive observation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00637499
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pharmacokinetics and tolerance of slow-release indomethacin tablets in rheumatoid arthritis (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 23 (1982), S. 349-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): indomethazine ; rheumatoid arthritis ; pharmacokinetics ; tolerance ; side effects ; slow-release tablets
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The pharmacokinetics, efficacy and tolerance of a new formulation of slow-release indomethacin tablet were compared with those of a conventional indomethacin capsule in 30 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The slow-release tablet was absorbed more slowly than the capsule (tmax 3.7 h and 〈 2 h, respectively) and produced more even serum drug levels in 10 subjects. Side-effects, especially dizziness and diarrhoea, were less frequent after the slow-release tablet than during the capsule period.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00613619
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effect of food on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of tolmesoxide in essential hypertensives (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 21 (1982), S. 287-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): tolmesoxide ; hypertension ; pharmacokinetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Tolmesoxide is a new, direct-acting vasodilator drug for use in the management of both hypertension and cardiac failure. In 6 essential hypertensives inadequately controlled by combined β-blocker and diuretic therapy (average supine blood pressure 178/103 mm Hg) the addition of tolmesoxide (300–900 mg daily) was associated with a significant improvement in blood pressure control (average supine blood pressure 161/89 mmHg). The effect of food on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of tolmesoxide have also been studied because, particularly at higher doses, the drug has been associated with upper gastrointestinal upset and it has been empirically recommended that it be taken with food. The blood pressure and heart rate responses were not significantly different when tolmesoxide was taken fasting or with food. Food resulted in a significant reduction in the peak plasma tolmesoxide concentration (2.14 µg/ml compared to 2.97 µg/ml) and a significant increase in the time to reach peak plasma concentration (1.67 h compared to 0.63 h). Although there was no impairment of its hypotensive effect, food significantly altered the pharmacokinetics of tolmesoxide and may therefore be useful in reducing the gastrointestinal disturbance associated with its use. In the treatment of inadequately controlled hypertension, tolmesoxide has a limited role as an alternative vasodilator.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00637615
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Kinetics of a high dose of piretanide in renal failure (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 21 (1982), S. 307-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): piretanide ; renal failure ; high dose ; pharmacokinetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The kinetics of piretanide was studied in patients with renal failure. After oral administration of a high dose of piretanide (96 mg), the pharmacokinetic parameters were: elimination rate constant 0.346±0.072 h−1, half life 2.00±0.35 h, and total plasma clearance 119.55±35.90 ml · min−1. Compared to the values obtained in adults with normal renal function, these results show a decrease in total plasma clearance, but conservation of the metabolic clearance which amounts to 45% of the total clearance in the healthy adult.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00637618
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pharmacokinetics of cimetidine and its sulphoxide metabolite during haemodialysis (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 21 (1982), S. 325-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): cimetidine ; renal failure ; cimetidine sulphoxide ; pharmacokinetics ; haemodialysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A single intravenous dose of cimetidine 200mg was administered to 6 patients with severe chronic renal failure one hour prior to haemodialysis. The plasma concentrations of cimetidine and its sulphoxide metabolite at the start of haemodialysis were 2.74±0.12 and 0.76±0.08 µg/ml, and after dialysis for 4h 1.08±0.10 and 0.51±0.08 µg/ml, respectively (mean ± SE). The average haemodialysis clearance (ClHDa) of cimetidine during dialysis was 46–92ml/min at a dialysate flow rate of 320ml/min and blood flow rates in the 6 patients between 160–240ml/min. The mean ClHDa of the sulphoxide metabolite was 44% higher than that of cimetidine, and ranged between 49–148ml/min. During haemodialysis the mean plasma elimination half-life (t1/2) of cimetidine was 3.24h (range 2.08–5.08) and of the sulphoxide metabolite 9.49h (range 4.70–14.39). There was a significant relationship between the elimination rate constant (β) and ClHDa of the sulphoxide metabolite (p〈0.01), but no such relationship was found between β and ClHDa of cimetidine. However, there was a tendency to a relationship between β of cimetidine and the capacity to metabolise the drug, expressed as the ratio between the plasma concentrations of the sulphoxide metabolite and cimetidine after dialysis for 4h. These ratios ranged between 0.23–0.76, and the lowest ratio was seen in the patient with the lowest β value of cimetidine. Thus, the large variations in the plained by differences in their capacity to metabolise the drug. The mean total amount of cimetidine eliminated during dialysis was 27.3mg (range 17.9–31.8), which was 9.0–15.9% of the given dose. Between 12.2–21.2mg (mean 15.3) of the sulphoxide metabolite was eliminated in the dialysate. Major adjustment of the dose of cimetidine on days of dialysis is not necessary.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00637621
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Distribution of lithium elimination rates in a selected population of psychiatric patients (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 21 (1982), S. 351-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): lithium ; plasma level decay curve ; elimination ; pharmacokinetics ; psychiatric patients
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Chronic treatment with conventional lithium carbonate was interrupted in a selected group of 40 psychiatric patients of mixed sex and race. All patients had normal renal function. Serum samples were taken 12, 24, 36 and 48 h after the last dose and lithium was assayed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Decay rates calculated for the 12–24 h and 36–48 h periods yielded different values. This was ascribed to the presence of an incomplete redistribution phase during the earlier period. The distribution of elimination rates determined during the later period gave a more symmetrical spread and approximated a normal distribution. The mode, median, mean and standard deviation of the lithium elimination half-lives were 12.5, 14, 18.2 and 7.3 h and 22.5, 24.5, 29.8 and 10.1 h for the two periods, respectively. The results contrast sharply with another report of the distribution spread of elimination half-lives in a much larger sample. The current values have implications for dosage prediction, serum level monitoring and dosage formulation, especially sustained-release preparations. The evidence was against the possibility that some individuals ‘retain’ lithium.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00637625
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Correlation between pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of ergotamine in patients suffering from migraine (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 21 (1982), S. 397-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): ergotamine ; migraine ; radioimmunoassay ; clinical effects ; adverse effects ; pharmacokinetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The systemic availability of ergotamine after a single therapeutic oral or rectal dose was studied using a radioimmunoassay during the headachefree state in 24 patients suffering from migraine. Plasma concentrations of the drug were compared with anamnestic data about its clinical effects in the same patients. Among 12 patients with a good therapeutic response to medication, the mean plasma ergotamine levels stayed in the range 0.20 to 0.50 ng/ml for 6h. Their mean plasma levels at 30 min (0.33ng/ml) and 1h (0.40ng/ml) were significantly higher than those (0.06 and 0.08ng/ml, respectively) in 9 patients with only a moderate therapeutic response. In 9 patients with a moderate and 3 with a poor therapeutic response, the mean plasma level generally stayed below 0.10ng/ml. The mean peak concentrations in moderate (0.13 ng/ml) and poor (0.11ng/ml) responders appeared later (at 3h) than in good responders (at 1h). Side effects of the medication appeared to be associated with relatively low plasma levels of ergotamine and also with delayed maximum plasma concentrations of the drug. The present results suggest that the time of the maximum plasma drug level is an important determinant of the clinical effects of ergotamine, and that a good therapeutic response may be expected if a plasma ergotamine level of 0.20ng/ml or more is achieved within 1 hour after oral or rectal administration.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00542326
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pharmacokinetics and biotransformation of the new benzodiazepine, lormetazepam, in man (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 21 (1982), S. 421-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): benzodiazepine ; lormetazepam ; lormetazepam glucuronide ; transfer to milk ; pharmacokinetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The concentrations of lormetazepam and its glucuronide in plasma and milk were determined during administration of 10 daily doses of lormetazepam 2 mg (2 tablets of NOCTAMID® - 1) to five mothers delivered by Caesarian section. Their babies were breast-fed throughout the study, and the plasma levels of lormetazepam and its glucuronide were determined three times in the babies. At 12 and 24h after administration, the plasma level of lormetazepam was about 3.5 ng/ml and 1.8 ng/ml in mothers, and below 0.09 ng/ml in the children. In milk the lormetazepam concentration was below 0.2 ng/ml. The plasma level of glucuronide varied between 24 ng/ml at 12h and 11 ng/ml 24h after administration. Almost no accumulation of unchanged lormetazepam was observed (factor: 1.3). The ratio of the levels of lormetazepam in milk and plasma was estimated to be below 0.06, and for the glucuronide the ratio was 0.04. The quantity of free and conjugated active ingredient transferred to the children via breast milk was calculated to be at most 100 ng/kg, corresponding to 0.35% of the maternal dose, which is regarded as tolerable.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00542330
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in malnourrished infants (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 21 (1982), S. 499-504 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): gentamicin ; malnutrition ; pharmacokinetics ; infant
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The pharmacokinetics of gentamicin was investigated in normal and malnourished infants aged 4–10 months. Neither mean “elimination” nor “distribution half life” show any difference, but the volume of distribution was higher in malnourished babies, probably due to their larger total body water.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00542045
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Metabolism of pindolol in patients with renal failure (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 22 (1982), S. 423-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): pindolol ; renal failure ; metabolism ; pharmacokinetics ; 14C-pindolol ; blood metabolites ; urinary metabolites
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Increased metabolism of pindolol in renal impairment has previously been suggested by pharmacokinetic calculations. The present study was a pharmacokinetic and metabolic investigation in 7 patients with severe renal impairment (endogeneous creatinine clearance below 5 ml/min). All the patients received pindolol 5 mg t.d.s. 5 days. On the sixth day, after an overnight fast, 14C-pindolol 5 mg was given orally as a solution to drink. Blood samples were taken for up to 72 h and urine was collected at intervals up to 96 h for measurement of unchanged pindolol by a fluorimetric method and total radioactivity by liquid scintillation counting. Metabolites in blood and urine were analysed after separation by HPLC. It was found that the plasma levels following a single dose of 14C-pindolol were similar to those observed in healthy volunteers, but the elimination half-life was slightly increased up to 11.5 h. The observed steady state plasma concentrations of pindolol were twice as high but they are still in the therapeutic range of 10 to 100 ng/ml. Therefore, the dose of pindolol could have been reduced by a factor 2, but the reduction was not essential. No active metabolite of pindolol was found in plasma or urine, but elimination of the metabolites was decreased. The elimination half-life following multiple doses was prolonged compared to normal and it was quite comparable to that found for the pharmacodynamic half-life in renal patients. The discrepancy between the present findings and the previous results for metabolism and pharmacodynamic half-life was probably due to the sensitivity of the fluorimetric assay of pindolol.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00542547
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pharmacokinetics of theophylline in patients following short-term intravenous infusion (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 22 (1982), S. 417-422 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): theophylline ; aminophylline ; obstructive airways disease ; short-term i.v. infusion ; log-normal distribution ; pharmacokinetics ; serum concentrations
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Serum theophylline concentrations after intravenous administration of a new short-term infusion (Euphyllin® Kurzzeitinfusion) were measured in 50 out-patients with chronic obstructive airways disease (COAD). An intravenous infusion of theophylline ethylenediamine 480 mg (corresponding to approximately 350 mg anhydrous theophylline) in 50 ml isotonic solution was given in 20 min. Blood samples were taken beforehand and 25 to 30 min and 1, 3 and 6 h after starting the infusion. 86% of the patients had a one-hour serum level in the therapeutic range of 8–20 mg/l, and 2 h later, this was true of 64% of the patients. The short-term infusion was well tolerated, even in cases with unknown high pre-infusion serum levels. Pertinent pharmacokinetic parameters were determined, such as total body clearance, apparent volume of distribution, and half-life of elimination. Geometric mean and 95%-confidence limits, derived from the log-normal distribution of these parameters, were: Cl=0.044 (0.018–0.109) l/h/kg ideal body weight, Vd=0.451 (0.258–0.789) l/kg ideal body weight, and t1/2(el)=7.1 (2.6–19.1) h.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00542546
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Kinetics of ergotamine after intravenous and intramuscular administration to migraine sufferers (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 23 (1982), S. 235-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): ergotamine ; pharmacokinetics ; migraine ; plasma drug levels ; i.v. administration ; i.m. administration ; bioavailability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The kinetics of ergotamine has been investigated in migrainous patients using a new, specific, sensitive HPLC assay (detection limit 100 pg/ml plasma). 10 patients were given ergotamine tartrate 0.5 mg i.v. and 5 of them received the same dose i.m. 2–3 weeks later. Blood samples were collected for up to 54 h following administration and the plasma concentration were analysed. After intravenous administration the plasma ergotamine declined rapidly, with an initial distribution half-life of 3 min followed by a mean terminal half-life of 1.86 h (range 90–155 min). The mean total plasma clearance was 11.0 ml kg−1 min−1, and the volume of distribution (Vdβ ) was 1847.6 ml kg−1. Individual t1/2β showed a positive linear correlation with the individual Vdβ . The intramuscular absorption of ergotamine was rapid and maximum plasma levels were usually obtained 10 min following administration. The biological availability was incomplete and variable at 46.6% (range 28.3–60.8%).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00547560
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pharmacokinetics of bacmecillinam and pivmecillinam in volunteers (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 23 (1982), S. 249-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): mecillinam ; bacmecillinam ; pivmecillinam ; pharmacokinetics ; pro-drug ; healthy volunteers ; bioavailability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The pharmacokinetics of bacmecillinam and pivmecillinam were studied in healthy fasting volunteers given tablets in a cross-over, randomized order. The mean (±SD) peak levels of plasma mecillinam were 1.43±0.34, 2.73±0.43, and 4.62±1.41 mg/l after bacmecillinam 100, 200, and 400 mg and 2.38±0.65 mg/l after pivmecillinam 400 mg. The corresponding areas under plasma Vs time curves (AUC) were 2.21±0.19, 3.99±0.63, and 7.74±1.38 mg·h·l−1 for bacmecillinam and 5.35±0.93 mg·h·l−1 for pivmecillinam. The elimination half-lives were 0.8–1.1h for bacmecillinam and 0.7h for pivmecillinam. The 12 h urinary recovery of unchanged mecillinam after the 400 mg doses was 41% for bacmecillinam and 30% for pivmecillinam. The 400 mg dose of bacmecillinam gave a significantly higher plasma peak (p〈0.001), AUC (p〈0.001) and urinary recovery (p〈0.001) than did pivmecillinam 400 mg. The plasma peaks appeared earlier and the rate of absorption was higher after bacmecillinam than after pivmecillinam (p〈0.05). In conclusion, bacmecillinam had a better bioavailability than pivmecillinam in the tablet formulations studied. The AUC increased linearly with increasing doses of bacmecillinam.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00547563
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pharmacokinetic studies of oral L-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine in normal subjects and patients with familial amyloid polyneuropathy (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 23 (1982), S. 463-468 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): L-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine ; familial amyloid polyneuropathy ; pharmacokinetics ; norepinephrine ; pressor response
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The pharmacokinetics of oralL-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine (L-threo-DOPS) was studied in 7 normal subjects and 7 patients with familial amyloid polyneuropathy. Each person swallowed a single 300 mg dose in the fasting state, andL-threo-DOPS in plasma and urine was determined by high performance liquid chromatography with an electrochemical detector after separation on a boric acid gel column.L-threo-DOPS was slowly absorbed by normal subjects; the maximum plasma concentration occurred 3 h after administration and 20% of the oral dose was recovered unchanged in the urine within 12 h. It induced a substantial elevation of plasma norepinephrine levels, the peak being attained at 5 h, but without any change in blood pressure. In the patients, the absorption and metabolism ofL-threo-DOPS were delayed, and a prolonged pressor response was observed, with a peak after 8 h. It was concluded that the effects on plasma norepinephrine and blood pressure of oralL-threo-DOPS were essentially equal to those of twice as large a dose ofDl-threo-DOPS.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00605999
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cimetidine dosage regimen for patients with renal failure and for geriatric patients (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 23 (1982), S. 501-504 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): cimetidine ; uraemia ; dosing regimen ; prediction ; computer program ; old age ; pharmacokinetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Using a recently developed computer program based on a correlation between methods to predict the elimination half-life and apparent volume of distribution of cimetidine and actual data from patients, ideal dosage regimens were generated for patients with renal impairment and for geriatric patients, together with the corresponding maximum and minimum steady state concentrations. Using the ideal dosage regimens, practical regimens with feasible dosing intervals of 6, 8 and 12 h were computed, which should result in therapeutic concentrations of 0.4 to 1.3 µg/ml. For uraemic patients and geriatric patients above the age of 75 years it would be desirable to have an additional oral 100 mg dosage form.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00637496
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Clinical pharmacokinetics of high dose mebendazole in patients treated for cystic hydatid disease (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 22 (1982), S. 161-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): mebendazole ; hydatid disease ; Echinococcus granulosus ; hepatic disease ; pharmacokinetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The plasma concentrations of mebendazole and its metabolites have been monitored in twelve patients after receiving a 10 mg/kg dose for cystic hydatid disease. The mebendazole plasma concentration-time profiles differed considerably between patients; elimination half-lives ranged from 2.8–9.0 h, time to peak plasma concentration after dosing ranged from 1.5–7.25 h and peak plasma concentrations ranged from 17.5 to 500 ng/ml. The mean peak plasma concentration of mebendazole after an initial dose (69.5 ng/ml) was lower than found in patients during chronic therapy (137.4 ng/ml). The plasma AUCTs for the major metabolites of mebendazole (methyl 5-(α-hydroxybenzyl)-2-benzimidazole carbamate and 2-amino-5 benzoylbenzimidazole) were about five times the plasma AUCT found for mebendazole in patients on chronic therapy. It is suggested that the slower clearance of these polar metabolites relative to mebendazole results from enterohepatic recycling. Since mebendazole is also highly plasma protein bound, caution should be observed in administering mebendazole to patients with liver disease. Concentrations of mebendazole found in the tissue and cyst material collected from two patients during surgery ranged from 59.5 to 206.6 ng/g wet weight.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00542462
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Estimation of absorption ratios and their variation for orally administered drugs (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 22 (1982), S. 265-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): pharmacokinetics ; variation of absorption ratios ; bioavailability ; dissection of variation due to absorption and intermediate processes ; oral drug application
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Differences in the plasma concentrations of drugs after oral administration are caused by two main factors: variation in absorption ratios and in the distribution processes in the body. A new method for the dissection of both types of factors is discussed. The method uses a reference regression of the AUC-values to the corresponding values after intravenous infusion of graded doses. The reference regression is estimated from an appropriate trial. Deviation of the determined AUC-values from the regression curve afford an estimate of the residual variance due to varying distribution volumes or similar random biological effects. For the estimation of absorption ratios after oral administration the drug is given orally to another sample of subjects and their AUC-values are calculated. The deviation of these AUC values due to the above mentioned random effects are simulated using the residual variance of the reference regression, and are subtracted from the observed AUC-values. Then, the differences in the corresponding absorbed doses are transformed by inverting the reference regression. From these doses the empirical distribution function and statistical parameters (e.g. quantiles) are determined. The method has the advantage that no restrictive assumptions are required, such as first order processes, dose linearity, homogeneity of variance or normal distribution of absorption ratios. Its applicability to substances with qualitative differences in their pharmacokinetics is demonstrated by appropriate examples.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00545226
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Should erythromycin dose be altered in haemodialysis patients? (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 23 (1982), S. 435-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): erythromycin ; haemodialysis ; dosage adjustment ; pharmacokinetics ; protein-binding
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Erythromycin kinetics were studied in 17 patients with end stage renal failure treated with maintenance haemodialysis and 9 normal volunteers to discover if dialysis patients needed a modified dose. The elimination half life in dialysis patients (on dialysis days) was similar to that reported in normal subjects. Only small amounts of drug appeared in the dialysate, no patient loosing more than 9 mg in one dialysis. Both patients and volunteers had similar plasma concentrations 8 h after the end of a 5-day course. Protein-binding did not change significantly during dialysis and was similar to that reported in normal subjects. We conclude that dialysis patients requiring 1.5 g of erythromycin stearate daily or less can be given normal doses.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00605994
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Kinetics of furosemide in children with chronic renal failure undergoing regular haemodialysis (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 21 (1982), S. 303-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): furosemide ; renal failure ; haemodialysis ; pharmacokinetics ; children ; dosage schedule
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Furosemide was measured by gas-liquid chromatography in blood and dialysis fluid from 7 children with chronic renal failure, undergoing regular haemodialysis. It was administered chronically, in two or three daily doses (4.2–9.4 mg/kg). Two children received 1 mg/kg intravenously for determination of the pharmacokinetics. The half-life was longer than in adults and in anephric patients on haemodialysis. Systemic and renal clearance were also much lower. Plasma protein binding in 2 out of 6 cases was reduced as campared to normal adults. The data do not suggest any need to modify the present dosage schedule despite the 4–5 fold increase in the half-life of furosemide. The contribution of haemodialysis to drug clearance was minimal, and accounted for less than 10% of the total clearance.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00637617
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The pharmacokinetics of diclofenac sodium in patients with active rheumatoid disease (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 21 (1982), S. 331-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): diclofenac sodium ; rheumatoid disease ; healthy subjects ; serum albumin ; pharmacokinetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Pharmacokinetic data for diclofenac sodium has been well established in healthy volunteers, whereas in patients with rheumatoid arthritis very little information is available in the literature. A single oral dose of enteric-coated diclofenac sodium was given to 10 patients with active rheumatoid disease, adopting the same procedures used for a group of 10 healthy volunteers in whom pharmacokinetic data was already available. Plasma specimens were collected over a period of 8h following administration and concentrations of diclofenac determined by GLC. Resulting plasma concentration curves were similar to those obtained in the healthy subjects in that areas under curves and terminal half-lives were comparable. However, peak concentrations of diclofenac were significantly reduced in the rheumatoid patients. The lower peak concentrations were correlated with the lower serum albumin levels in the patients which are associated with active rheumatoid disease.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00637622
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Difference between single and multiple dose pharmacokinetics of orphenadrine hydrochloride in man (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 21 (1982), S. 343-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): orphenadrine ; single dose ; multiple doses ; bioavailability ; pharmacokinetics ; N-demethylorphenadrine ; metabolism ; dog ; man
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Plasma concentrations of orphenadrine were measured by a specific gaschromatographic method in 5 healthy male volunteers after a single oral dose of orphenadrine hydrochloride 100mg. The single dose pharmacokinetic profile of orphenadrine was evaluated from these data. The elimination half-life ranged from 13.2–20.1 h after the commercial tablet formulation. Plasma concentrations, determined in volunteers and patients under different conditions of repeated oral administration of the same formulation of orphenadrine hydrochloride exceeded the theoretical values, predicted from the single dose pharmacokinetics, by a factor 2 to 3. The elimination half-lives after discontinuation of treatment showed a 2 to 3-fold increase over the single dose values. This demonstrates a clear discrepancy between the multiple and single dose pharmacokinetics of orphenadrine. Experiments in dogs suggested competition for biotransformation between orphenadrine and its metabolite N-demethylorphenadrine. Product inhibition of this type could explain the observed discrepancy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00637624
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Kinetics of allopurinol after single intravenous and oral doses (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 22 (1982), S. 77-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): allopurinol ; oxipurinol ; benzbromarone ; hydrochlorothiazide ; pharmacokinetics ; bioavailability ; interaction
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary An high-pressure liquid chromatographic method was used to measure allopurinol and oxipurinol in plasma and urine in 6 healthy volunteers after a single intravenous or oral dose of allopurinol. The influence of coadministrated benzbromarone and hydrochlorothiazide on the pharmacokinetics of allopurinol and oxipurinol was also investigated. After intravenous injection of allopurinol 300 mg the plasma disappearance was biexponential, with a mean distribution half-life of 2.32±1.08 min $$(\bar x \pm SD)$$ and an elimination half-life of 47.8±10.6 min. The total clearance of allopurinol was 11.37±2.70 ml/min/kg, whereas its renal clearance was only 1.73±0.79 ml/min/kg. Oxipurinol disappeared monoexponentially from plasma ith a mean half-life of 12.2±2.6 h. Its renal clearance was 0.42±0.091 ml/min/kg. After oral administration of allopurinol 300 mg the peak plasma concentration of 2.1±0.6 µg/ml (1.5×10−5 M) was reached within 30 to 120 min. The peak level of oxipurinol of 5.8±1.5 µg/ml (3.8×10−5 M) was found within 2 to 5 h after intravenous and oral allopurinol. The bioavailability of oral allopurinol computed from plasma data was 90.4±8.7%. The total recovery from urine was 77% (allopurinol 8%, oxipurinol 69%) after oral and 88% after i.v. administration. It was concluded that about 10% of the oral dose was not absorbed and that 12% was eliminated by an unknown mechanism, presumably as riboside. The pharmacokinetics of allopurinol and oxipurinol were not significantly influenced by coadministration of benzbromarone or hydrochlorothiazide.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00606429
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies of tienilic acid in healthy volunteers (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 22 (1982), S. 515-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): tienilic acid ; uricosuria ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacodynamics ; uric acid ; diuretic ; plasma level assay
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A simple and reliable HPLC method for the determination of tienilic acid ((TA) Selacryn®, Selcryn®, Diflurex®, Ticrynafen®) and its alcoholic metabolite in plasma and urine has been developed. In 8 healthy adult volunteers the plasma and urinary levels of tienilic acid and its alcoholic metabolite, and plasma and urinary levels of sodium, creatinine and uric acid were measured after oral administration of tienilic acid 250 mg. The pharmacokinetic parameters found differed only slightly from those reported in the literature, as there was faster absorption and a shorter half-life. TA is probably excreted by a saturable renal tubular transport mechanism. The pharmacodynamic effects of tienilic acid developed quickly, the uricosuric effect being very impressive and the natriuretic effect moderate. These effects disappeared in about 8 h. An inverse relationship was found between the starting plasma uric acid level in an individual and the maximal uric acid clearance — the higher the plasma uric acid level, the lower was the maximum effect. Plasma tienilic acid level and natriuretic effect were correlative within individuals and intra-individually (p〈0.05). Urinary tienilic acid level and natriuretic effect were correlated, too (p〈0.05 top〈0.001), but only intraindividually. No correlation between drug level and uricosuric effect was found.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00609624
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pharmakokinetic properties of noscapine (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 22 (1982), S. 535-539 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): noscapine ; pharmacokinetics ; absorption ; bioavailability ; intravenous application ; oral application ; ion exchange resin tablet
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Noscapine was administred to five healthy volunteers in a randomized crossover design, as an intravenous infusion of 66 mg, and as an oral 150 mg dose of either rapidly dissolving tablets or a tablet containing ion exchange resin-bound noscapine. After i.v. administration, the disposition of noscapine was bi-exponential with an elimination half-life of 2.6 h; the total plasma clearance was 22 ml/min/kg and the volume of distribution (Vdarea) was 4.7 l/kg. The absolute oral bioavailability was 30%, with a 3.6-fold interindividual variation. There was no pharmacokinetic evidence to support a prolonged action of the ion exchange resin tablet.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00609627
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Modification in the pharmacokinetics of amikacin during development (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 23 (1982), S. 155-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): amikacin ; pharmacokinetics ; development ; neonate ; infant ; child
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The disposition kinetics of a single i.v. dose of amikacin was studied in 6 neonates (6–25 days old), 10 infants (4–18 months) and 8 young children (3–11 years). There was a progressive change in the distribution and elimination kinetics during development. The distribution coefficient of the antibiotic averaged of 0.429, 0.320 and 0.210 l/kg in the newborns, infants and young children, respectively and serum half-life (t1/2 β) in these three groups averaged 2.812, 1.803 and 1.196 h, respectively. Significant differences in certain pharmacokinetic parameters were found between the values in paediatric patients and in adults receiving the same dose. A linear relationship was established between the distribution volume of the antibiotic and the weight of the patients, as defined by the following equation: $${\text{Vd}}_{{\text{ss}}} \left( 1 \right) = 0.976 + 1.140 \cdot {\text{TBW}}\left( {{\text{kg}}} \right);r = 0.954$$ The results suggest that a regimen of very frequent administrations should be employed in infants and young children in order to maintain a therapeutic level throughout treatment.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00545971
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pharmacokinetics of terodiline in human volunteers (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 23 (1982), S. 267-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): terodiline ; human volunteers ; pharmacokinetics ; serum clearance ; bioavailability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The pharmacokinetics of terodiline HCl was studied in nine healthy volunteers given 12.5 mg i.v. and p.o. or 20 mg i.v. and 25 mg p.o. on two different occasions. The serum concentrations were measured by gas chromatography — mass spectrometry, using deuterated terodiline HCl as the internal standard. After i.v. administration the kinetics could be described by a two-compartment model with a mean distribution half life of 0.3 h and a mean elimination half life of 63 h. The serum clearance and apparent volume of distribution varied about 4-fold with mean values of 4.8 l/h and 417 l, respectively. After oral administration, the mean half life of absorption was 0.7 h and that of elimination 65 h. The absolute bioavailability varied between 64% and 105% with a mean of 92%. The long serum half life of terodiline should permit its once daily administration.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00547566
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Influence of acetylator phenotype on the pharmacokinetics of a new vasodilator antihypertensive, endralazine (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 23 (1982), S. 523-527 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): endralazine ; acetylator phenotype ; hydralazine ; pharmacokinetics ; plasma concentrations
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Five and 10 mg single oral doses of a new vasodilator antihypertensive, endralazine (E) were given on separate occasions to 17 normal male volunteers (8 slow, 7 heterozygous fast and 2 homozygous fast acetylators). The homozygous fast acetylators were excluded from statistical comparisons. Only small differences were observed in the pharmacokinetics of E between the phenotypes and there was no evidence of non-linearity at the 2 dose levels studied. Terminal half-lives ranged from 2.59 to 7.14 h with a mean of 4.30±1.08 h for the 5 mg dose and 4.25±1.09 h for the 10 mg dose. There was no significant difference in half-lives between slow and heterozygous fast acetylators. The mean area under the plasma level-time curve (AUC 0 ∞ ) was 18.2% lower (p〈0.05) in the heterozygous fast acetylators than in the slow acetylators following the 5 mg dose and 11.0% lower (p〉0.05) following the 10 mg dose. Extremely rapid absorption of the drug precluded accurate estimation of absorption rates. The AUC 0 ∞ of the acetylation metabolite (methyltriazoloendralazine) was small compared to that of E although higher in the heterozygous fast acetylators than in the slow acetylators (p〈0.01).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00637500
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pharmacokinetics of3H-phenylephrine in man (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 21 (1982), S. 335-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): phenylephrine ; pharmacokinetics ; bioavailability ; first-pass metabolism ; phenolic conjugates ; m-hydroxymandelic acid ; intravenous ; oral
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary 7-3H-phenylephrine was given to 15 volunteers by a short-infusionn=4) or p.o. (10 volunteers, 1 patient with porto-caval anastomosis). Analysis of serum for free3H-phenylephrine and fractionation of urinary radioactivity was performed by ion-exchange and thin-layer chromatography. As almost the same3H-activity was excreted in urine after i.v. and p.o. administration, 86% and 80% of the dose respectively, complete enteral absorption can be assumed. A considerable difference was seen in the fraction of free phenylephrine, i.v. 16% of the dose versus p.o. 2.6%, which suggested reduced bioavailability. This was confirmed by comparison of the areas under the serum curve, which showed a bioavailability factor of 0.38. The result for the patient with porto-caval anastomosis was comparable to that in the normal volunteers. The biological half-life of 2 to 3h was comparable to that of structurally related amines, as were the total clearance of 2 1/h, and the volume of distribution of 340l. Metabolism to phenolic conjugates mainly after oral ingestion, and tom-hydroxymandelic acid after i.v. injection, again demonstrated thatm-hydroxylated amines are predominantly conjugated during the “first-pass” metabolism.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00637623
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of urinary pH on the disposition of methadone in man (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 22 (1982), S. 337-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): methadone ; pharmacokinetics ; urinary pH ; RBC level ; saliary level ; mass fragmentography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The influence of urinary pH on the acute disposition of methadone in man was studied in five healthy volunteers. A cross-over experiment was performed in each subject. In the first experiment the subjects were treated with ammonium chloride (urinary pH ≈ 5.2) and in the other the urine was made alkaline (pH ≈ 7.8) by treatment with sodium hydrogen carbonate. d, 1-Methadone-HCl 10 mg (M) was administered intramuscularly on each occasion and blood, saliva and urine levels of M were determined by mass fragmentography. Plasma half-lives, volumes of distribution and body clearances of M were calculated in both experiments. The plasma half-lives in the β-phase were 19.5±3.6 h (acidic urine) and 42.1±8.8 h (alkaline urine), respectively (p〈0.001). The volumes of distribution were increased when the pretreatment was changed from ammonium chloride to sodium bicarbonate, namely from 3.51±0.41 l/kg to 5.24±0.83 l/kg (p〈0.01). The body clearance decreased from 134±21 ml/min (acidic) to 91.9±9.1 ml/min (alkaline urine) (p〈0.01). The ration Mplasma/MRBC was about 2.3 and the elimination of M from RBCs was in good agreement with the plasma kinetics of M under both experimental conditions. The salivary levels of M did not reflect the plasma kinetics and considerable variation was seen in the ratio Msaliva/Mplasma (0.26–2.98). Thus, the present experiments demonstrate that pretreatment either with ammonium chloride or bicarbonate had profound effects on both the distribution and elimination kinetics of methadone.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00548403
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies of oral clonidine in normotensive subjects (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 23 (1982), S. 1-5 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): clonidine ; noradrenaline ; pharmacokinetics ; arterial blood pressure ; plasma concentration
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The pharmacokinetics of clonidine and its relation to blood pressure response and side effects were studied after single oral doses of 75 µg, 150 µg and 250 µg in normotensive subjects. Following oral administration, the drug was absorbed rapidly after an initial lag time of 19–22 min and peak levels were reached between 2.4 and 2.9 h. Sampling over 48 h was necessary for accurate estimation of pharmacokinetic parameters. Post-peak plasma concentration declined in a monoexponential manner and the half-life of the elimination phase ranged from 9.0 to 15.1 h. Maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under curve (AUC) increased proportionally with increasing doses. Clonidine produced significant reductions in the pulse rate and a dose dependent decrease in blood pressure. Clonidine (150 µg) also produced significant reductions in plasma catecholamine levels.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01061368
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Distribution of oral ketoconazole to vaginal tissue (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 23 (1982), S. 331-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): ketoconazole ; vaginal candidosis ; oral antimycotic ; distribution ; pharmacokinetics ; vaginal tissue concentrations
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Plasma samples and biopsies of vaginal tissue were obtained from 23 healthy women undergoing operative sterilization, 1 to 6 h after a single oral dose of ketoconazole 200 mg. Drug concentrations in plasma and tissue, were measured by a specific gas chromatographic method. The vaginal tissue concentration averaged 2.4 times less than the corresponding plasma levels. Equilibrium between tissue, and plasma was established within 1 h after dosing, when vaginal tissue levels exceeded 1 µg/g. Ketoconazole concentrations decayed monoexponentially over the time interval studied (1–6 h), with the similar half-lives of 1.2 and 1.4 h in plasma and tissue, respectively. Following an oral 200 mg dose, a tissue concentration not less than 0.01 µg/ml was maintained over a 12 h period. This concentration has been shown to prevent outgrowth of the invasive (pseudo) mycelial form ofCandida albicans. Hence, a b.i.d. or t.i.d. dosage schedule of ketoconazole in vaginal candidosis would give continuously effective levels at the site of infection. Ketoconazole concentrations in vaginal fluid are thought to be much higher than in the tissue because of ion-trapping. The present data may explain the efficacy of oral ketoconazole in the treatment of vaginal candidosis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00613615
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pharmacokinetics of metipranolol in normal man (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 21 (1982), S. 293-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): metipranolol ; deacetyl metipranolol ; pharmacokinetics ; bioavailability ; healthy volunteers
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The pharmacokinetic parameters of deacetyl metipranolol were determined after i.v. infusion of increasing doses (6–25 mg) in 17 normal volunteers. In a second cross-over trial, deacetyl metipranolol 10 and 20 mg were infused in a further 10 subjects, and in a third trial another 20 volunteers received metipranolol 40 mg orally. Metipranolol is very rapidly and completely deacetylated in man, so all pharmacokinetic data refer to deacetyl metipranolol, which was assayed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using a recently developed model, using a volume of distribution which is variable with time. The following data were obtained after oral administration: (mean values); lag-time 7.3 min; tmax 50 min, invasion half-life 6.3 min; elimination half-life 3 h; urinary excretion of unchanged drug approximately 4% of the dose. The experiments with infusion of increasing doses, as well as the cross-over study with 10 and 20 mg i.v., showed dose-linearity of the kinetics. The respective mean half-lives of elimination were 2.6, 2.9 and 2.8 h. The mean total, renal and extra-renal clearances amounted to 1237 ml/min, 149 ml/min and 1068 ml/min, respectively. The distribution coefficient was 3.5 l/kg, and protein binding amounted to 70% within the range of therapeutic concentrations. Absolute bioavailability was found to be approximately 50% by several different evaluation procedures. Thus, the pharmacokinetic profile of metipranolol shares features of both the lipophilic and the hydrophilic groups of β-blocking agents.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00637616
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pharmacokinetics of bendroflumethiazide alone and in combination with propranolol and hydralazine (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 21 (1982), S. 315-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): bendroflumethiazide ; propranolol ; hydralazine ; pharmacokinetics ; thin-layer chromatography ; fluorimetry ; fixed combination product
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Bendroflumethiazide (Bft) was administered to 6 healthy subjects at 3 different dose levels (2.5, 5 and 10 mg) in a cross-over design, either as capsules (2.5 mg) or as tablets (5 mg). Its pharmacokinetics were evaluated then and following administration of a fixed combination of Bft with propranolol and hydralazine to a further 7 volunteers. Plasma and urinary concentrations of Bft were determined by a new fluorimetric — thin-layer chromotography procedure. Peak plasma levels occurred after 2–3 h and averaged 15, 27 and 45 µg/l in the three dose groups. Areas under the plasma concentration — time curves (AUC0→12), which were 75, 147 and 250 µg l−1 h respectively, and cumulative urinary recovery (20%) were independent of the dose administered and the type of formulation. Thus Bft kinetics proved to be linear within the dose range evaluated. The plasma clearance was calculated to be 505 ml/min, renal clearance 108 ml/min and nonrenal clearance 396 ml/min. Bioavailability of Bft was not altered following administration of the fixed combination. The amount of propranolol found in the circulation did not change, whereas that of hydralazine (determined as apparent hydralazine) increased by 59% when the fixed combination was administered.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00637620
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Relationship between the plasma concentration of clomipramine and desmethylclomipramine in depressive patients and the clinical response (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 22 (1982), S. 15-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): clomipramine ; desmethylclomipramine ; depressive syndrome ; plasma level ; pharmacokinetics ; clinical response ; benzodiazepines
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Thirty one in-patients suffering from depression were treated orally with clomipramine (Cl) at various dosage, for 28 days, after a “wash-out” period of three days. In 17 patients receiving 75 mg per day of Cl, steady state plasma levels of Cl were reached at Day 14, and steady state plasma levels of its active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine (DMCl), were reached at Day 21. In contrast, in 7 other patients receiving a dosage increasing to 150 mg per day at Day 7, mean plasma levels of Cl and DMCl continued to rise during the entire treatment period. At the steady state, a correlation was found between Cl dosage expressed as mg kg body weight and the plasma concentration of Cl and DMCl. Factors such as tobacco and alcohol consumption seem to modify the Cl/DMCl ratio. A comparison of clinical response with plasma levels of Cl, DMCl and Cl + DMCl showed a significant negative linear correlation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00606419
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comparative pharmacokinetic analysis of amoxycillin using open two and three-compartment models (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 22 (1982), S. 273-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): amoxycillin ; i.v. administration ; pharmacokinetics ; two- and three-compartment models
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The pharmacokinetic characteristics of amoxycillin were studied in healthy volunteers after intravenous injection of 250 mg, 500 mg and 1,000 mg, and infusion of 2 g and 5 g. Serum concentrations were fitted using either bi- and tri- exponentional equations. Comparison of the regression curves obtained revealed that the three-compartment model gave a better fit to the serum concentration versus time curve. It was evident that there was a third, slow, dose dependent phase of disposition. This result has been confirmed by the fact that the terminal half life of amoxycillin on cessation of a continuous infusion is significantly greater than after acute administration.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00545227
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of indapamide — A new antihypertensive drug (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 22 (1982), S. 295-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): indapamide ; bioavailability ; pharmacokinetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Two formulations of indapamide tablets (2.5 mg) were given as a 5.0 mg dose and the subsequent blood levels were compared to those obtained after administration of a 5.0 mg solution. The study was conducted as a randomized three-way crossover design using healthy male volunteers. The drug was well tolerated by all the subjects involved. The area under the blood concentration versus time curve, extrapolated to infinity was essentially the same for all three formulations (4.2, 4.7, and 4.4 µg-h/ml). Statistical comparison of the blood levels from the two tablets showed that one tablet had a significantly greater maximum blood concentration (263 vs 231 ng/ml) and a significantly shorter time of maximum blood concentration (2.3 vs 3.5 h). Cmax (333 ng/ml) and tmax (0.7 h) values for the solution were significantly higher than either tablet. The average half-life (β-phase) for all three formulations was 15 h, while the average systemic clearance was 20 ml/min. Indapamide has a low clearance rate and there was no evidence that the drug undergoes a first-pass effect.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00548396
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pharmacokinetics of TRIS (hydroxymethyl-)aminomethane in healthy subjects and in patients with metabolic acidosis (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 22 (1982), S. 257-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): TRIS buffer ; metabolic acidosis ; pharmacokinetics ; cellular uptake ; renal excretion ; healthy volunteers
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary To investigate the pharmacokinetics of TRIS, an infusion of the buffer was given to 6 healthy volunteers (121 mg/kg=1 mmol/kg; pH 7.4) and to 20 patients suffering from metabolic acidosis (109–376 mg/kg; pH 10.9). The drug exhibited two-compartment characteristics in volunteers (t0.5,β=5.6 h) and patients with intact renal function (t0.5,β=16.3–45.6 h). The final volume of distribution (Vβ) indicated uptake into tissues, but equilibration between body compartments was slow. Mainly unchanged TRIS was eliminated by the kidney; 82% of the administered dose was recovered from 24 h-urine of healthy subjects. In the patients a linear correlation between creatinine-clearance and TRIS-clearance was observed, the latter always being somewhat greater than the former. Only insignificant amounts of the drug were found in bile and gastric juice. In anuric patients the plasma concentration of TRIS declined monoexponentially, with a half-life between 10 and 58 h. Haemodialysis or haemofiltration did not influence this process. From the data it seems questionable whether cellular uptake of TRIS is an important factor in the therapy of intracellular acidosis, but the possibility of drug accumulation must be borne in mind if repeated doses are given to the same patient.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00545225
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pharmacokinetics of methadone during maintenance treatment: Adaptive changes during the induction phase (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 22 (1982), S. 343-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): methadone ; opiate addicts ; pharmacokinetics ; single and multiple doses ; stable isotope technology ; methadone maintenance therapy ; deuterium technique
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Deuterated methadone (M-d30) and GC-MS were used to study the pharmacokinetics of methadone (M) during the induction stage of methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). A pulse dose of M-d3 was given on Days 1 and 25 of two dosage regimens, one with a continuous 30 mg dose (n=6), and the other with 30 mg for 10 days, followed by 60 mg as the maintenance dose (n=6). Plasma and urinary levels of M and M-d3 were measured throughout and plasma half-lives, oral bioavailabilities and volumes of distribution were calculated from the data of Days 1–2 and 24–26. The oral bioavailability of a methadone solution was found to be between 81 and 95%; elimination half-life in the β-phase varied between 19 and 58 h; the volume of distribution was 4.1±0.65 l/kg; and total body clearance of M was 54–195 ml/min and its renal clearance 3.4–34 ml/min. A consistent finding was a lower urinary pH and increased renal clearance during the first days of MMT as compared with after one month. In 4/12 of the patients dispositional tolerance was developed to methadone during the first month of treatment. The shorter elimination half-lives in those patients probably caused unacceptably high fluctuation in the body content of M during the 24 h dosage interval, and may have interfered therefore, with its therapeutic effectiveness
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00548404
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pharmacokinetics of chlorpheniramine after intravenous and oral administration in normal adults (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 22 (1982), S. 359-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): chlorpheniramine ; pharmacokinetics ; oral absorption ; half-life ; bioavailability ; volume of distribution
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Plasma and urinary levels of chlorpheniramine (CPM) and its 2 demethylated metabolites were measured by HPLC after i.v. and oral dosing. In 5 mg (maleate) i.v. bolus studies in 2 subjects, plasma CPM levels were fitted to triexponential equations with terminal half-lives (t 1/2) of 23 and 22 h and area of 3.6 and 3.21/kg, respectively. Intravenous data predicted hepatic blood extraction ratios for the 2 subjects to be 0.06 and 0.07, respectively. Absolute bioavailability from oral solution (10 mg) was 59 and 34%, and from tablets (8 mg) 44 and 25%, respectively, indicating extensive gut first-pass metabolism. Mean t 1/2 from 7 oral fasting studies in 5 subjects was 28 h (19–43 h). Mean absorption lag time was 0.7 h (0.4–1.3 h), and mean peak time was 2.8 h (2–4 h). In 2 subjects, 6 mg solutions were given every 12 h for 9 doses; good correlation between single and multiple dose kinetics was found. Significant accumulation was demonstrated in simulation studies with frequent daily dosing. Estimated accumulation ratios vary from 4.1 to 9.4 (mean 6.5). The t 1/2 from urinary data (collected for 12 days) was consistent with plasma data. The above results suggest the need to reexamine the current practice of frequent daily dosing and the use of sustained or controlled release dosage forms of this drug. The possible cause of reduced plasma clearance of CPM in renal patients is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00548406
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Influence of food on the kinetics of 8-methoxypsoralen in serum and suction blister fluid in psoriatic patients (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 23 (1982), S. 75-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): psoriasis ; 8-methoxypsoralen ; food influence ; suction blister fluid ; serum ; pharmacokinetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The influence of food on the kinetics of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) in serum and suction blister fluid was evaluated in a cross-over study in 19 psoriatic patients under PUVA treatment. The peak serum concentration of 8-MOP was reached 1.5 h after ingestion on an empty stomach, and in suction blister fluid the maximum concentration was already present in the first sample taken after 2 h, the time when UVA radiation was given. The postprandial kinetics of 8-MOP in serum and suction blister fluid differed, the highest levels being reached, respectively, at 2.4 and 3 h after intake, i.e. in both body fluids after irradiation had started. The side effects of 8-MOP, such as nausea and dizziness, in the two groups were similar. The present results indicate that to optimize the therapeutic effect of PUVA in individual patients, 8-MOP should be given on an empty stomach.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01061380
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The clinical pharmacology of tolmesoxide (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 23 (1982), S. 93-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): tolmesoxide ; vasodilator ; hypertension ; pharmacokinetics ; haemodynamics ; plasma renin activity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The haemodynamic response and pharmacokinetics of single dose oral tolmesoxide were studied at various dose levels in 4 patients with severe hypertension. There was a reproducible fall in mean arterial pressure from baseline of 24.2% and a rise in heart rate of 37.6% following administration of tolmesoxide. The onset of antihypertensive action occurred within 1 h, with a peak effect at 3 h after dosing. The mean duration of action was up to 12.0 h. Tolmesoxide had a mean half-life of 3.0 h. It was rapidly absorbed with a mean peak plasma level occurring at 1.0 h. Plasma levels correlated well with the doses administered. Side-effects included mild nausea, facial flushing and postural symptoms.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00545961
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Clinical pharmacology of a new β-adrenoceptor blocking drug, befunolol (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 23 (1982), S. 189-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): befunolol ; propranolol ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacodynamic effects ; beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Repeated doses of a new β-adrenoceptor blocking agent, befunolol, were administered orally to adult male volunteers for a cross-over comparison with propranolol. The β-adrenoceptor blocking activity of befunolol was greater than that of propranolol when assessed by the percentage reduction in exercise-induced tachycardia. The elimination half-life of drug was significantly prolonged on repeated administration of propranolol, but not of befunolol. The percentage reduction in exercise-induced tachycardia was highly correlated with the log plasma level of each drug. Both drugs produced a significant reduction in pre-exercise systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and significant attenuation of exercise-induced rise in systolic blood pressure.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00547552
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Variability of beta-blocker pharmacokinetics in young volunteers (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 23 (1982), S. 37-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): metoprolol ; propranolol ; oxprenolol ; pharmacokinetics ; acetubolol ; diacetolol ; oral contraceptive
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Plasma concentrations of metoprolol, propranolol oxprenolol, acebutolol and its metabolite diacetolol were measured after single oral doses in young healthy volunteers. In order to assess the inter-and intra-subject variability the following pharmacokinetic parameters were compared: AUC o 24 , Cmax, tmax and t1/2. The smallest variation in inter-subject variability was seen with oxprenolol and acebutolol: intrasubject variability was more uniform. Female volunteers taking an oral contraceptive generally had higher AUC o 24 and Cmax values than those not. This finding reached statistical significance only for metoprolol AUC o 24 .
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01061375
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Clinical pharmacokinetics of verapamil in patients with atrial fibrillation (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 23 (1982), S. 49-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): verapamil ; norverpamil ; pharmacokinetics ; atrial fibrillation ; oral administration ; i.v. administration
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The pharmacokinetic parameters and oral bioavailability of the antiarrhythmic drug verapamil were determined in six patients with atrial fibrillation. Plasma samples were taken following i.v. injection of verapamil 10 mg (Isoptin® 2 ml), and oral verapamil 80 mg (Isoptin® 2 tablets of 40 mg). Verapamil and its N-demethylated metabolite, norverapamil, were analyzed to 1 ng/ml plasma by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using deuterated standards. Following intravenous injection, the disposition of verapamil followed a biexponential pattern with a fast distribution phase and a slower elimination phase (t1/2β=5.79 h), corresponding to a plasma clearance of 0.26 1/kg/h. After oral administration, only an elimination phase was evident, with the same elimination rate (t1/2β=5.53 h). The oral bioavailability was 10.5%±7.5%. The norverapamil formed after i.v. and oral administration of verapamil had plasma half-lives of 5.86 h and 6.77 h, respectively. The elimination of verapamil in patients with atrial fibrillation was decreased compared to that in healthy young volunteers and the oral bioavailability was lower. Very good correlation between the percentage reduction in heart rate and the log plasma concentration of verapamil was found in every patient during the elimination phase, irrespective of the route of administration. There was also a high correlation when the plasma concentration — effect data from all the patients were pooled (r=0.59,n=71;p〈0.0005).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01061377
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pharmacokinetics of theophylline in infants with bronchiolitis (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 23 (1982), S. 123-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): theophylline ; bronchiolitis ; infants ; pharmacokinetics ; single dose ; multiple doses ; HPLC
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Theophylline pharmacokinetics were studied in 12 infants (age 3 weeks–6.5 months) with bronchiolitis. 9 of the 12 patients received a single dose of aminophylline (5.0–8.5 mg/kg) whereas the remainder were at steady-state receiving multiple doses (2.5–5.0 mg/kg) of aminophylline. The dose was administered IV over 0.5–1.0 h. An HPLC method was used to measure theophylline concentrations in serum and urine. Peak serum concentrations of theophylline measured by HPLC ranged from 8.48–21.6 µg/ml. Total, renal and nonrenal clearance of theophylline ranged from 4.66 to 19.25, 1.07 to 5.76 and 3.59 to 16.83 ml/min/m2, respectively. Mean apparent volume of distribution and elimination half-life were 8.75 l/m2 and 11.38 h, respectively. Although no significant correlation was observed between age and theophylline kinetic parameters, clearance appeared to increase and half-life decrease with age. Our patients had a substantially lower clearance and longer half-life as compared to published data in children 〉1 year of age. A five-fold variation in theophylline clearance demonstrates the need for monitoring theophylline serum concentration to minimize the risk of potential toxicity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00545965
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of chronic oral contraceptive steroids on theophylline disposition (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 23 (1982), S. 129-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): theophylline ; ethinylestradiol ; oral contraceptives ; pharmacokinetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The effect of chronic oral contraceptive (OC) usage on the disposition of theophylline was examined. Aminophylline solution (4 mg/kg) was given orally to 8 healthy female non-OC users and to 8 healthy women who were chronic (〉6 months) OC users. The OC user group had a significantly lower total plasma clearance of theophylline than women not using OC (35.1±5.6 vs. 53.1±14.5 ml/h/kg). The t1/2 was also significantly prolonged in the OC group (9.79±1.43 vs. 7.34±1.75 h) while the volume of distribution was similar between the 2 groups. The serum ethinylestradiol (EE) concentrations after oral OC administration were measured simultaneously. The apparent clearance of EE was about 30% lower in the OC users. A significant positive correlation was found between the apparent clearance of EE and the plasma clearance of theophylline. The effects of OC are predominantly due to chronic use with decreased elimination of both theophylline and EE.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00545966
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pharmacokinetics of ticarcillin in man (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 23 (1982), S. 167-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): ticarcillin ; probenecid ; excretion ; pharmacokinetics ; automated chemical assay method
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The excretion of radioactivity has been investigated in 3 healthy volunteers following rapid intravenous administration of 5 g of [35S]-ticarcillin. The radioactive dose was rapidly and completely excreted, since within 4 days 98.5% was recovered, 95% in the urine and 3.5% in faeces. All the urine radioactivity was accounted for as ticarcillin and its penicilloic acid. Plasma and urine samples collected from the volunteers at frequent intervals during the first 6 h of the experiment were assayed for penicillin by an automated chemical method and also for radioactivity. The results obtained by the chemical autoanalyser method were in excellent agreement with the plasma levels of radioactivity. From the data it was possible to calculate the renal clearance of the penicillin, a mean value of 104 ml/min was observed in the 3 volunteers. A further three volunteers were dosed intravenously with a 5 g bolus of non-radiolabelled ticarcillin in a cross-over study with and without predosing with probenecid. Serum samples were analysed by the chemical method for penicillin and the data subjected to pharmacokinetic analysis using a two compartment open model. The results indicate a shift of the distribution equilibrium of ticarcillin from the serum into the peripheral compartment after predosing with probenecid. Furthermore, the mean half-life of ticarcillin in the serum of the three volunteers was significantly increased from 1.3 h to 2.1 h by predosing with probenecid.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00545973
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pharmacokinetics of oral dipyridamole (Persantine®) and its effect on platelet adenosine uptake in man (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 23 (1982), S. 229-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): dipyridamole ; platelets ; plasma levels ; pharmacokinetics ; adenosine uptake
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Two preparations of dipyridamole have been studied by oral administration to 11 normal volunteers. The plasma levels of dipyridamole and its glucuronide were determined simultaneously by high performance liquid chromatography. The instant form (I.F., 100 mg) was administered four times daily and the slow release preparation (SRP, 200 mg) twice daily, for 3 days. Multiple blood samples were collected on Days 1–4 to provide plasma for assay, and simulteneously, platelet rich plasma was prepared for ex vivo study of the effect of dipyridamole on platelet uptake of adenosine. The pharmacokinetics of absorption and distribution of dipyridamole were described using a two compartment model with lag time and prolonged absorption. Strong inhibition of the platelet adenosine uptake was observed at therapeutic plasma levels. The inhibition of platelet adenosine uptake may be related to some of the pharmacological properties of dipyridamole.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00547559
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pharmacokinetics of furosemide in patients with hepatic cirrhosis (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 22 (1982), S. 315-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): furosemide ; cirrhotic patients ; ascitic fluid ; diuretic effect ; pharmacokinetics ; healthy volunteers
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The pharmacokinetics of furosemide was studied in 7 patients with diagnosed liver cirrhosis and in 7 healthy subjects. Furosemide in plasma and ascitic fluid was analyzed spectrofluorometrically. After a single intravenous dose, the cirrhotic patients showed lower initial plasma concentrations of furosemide because of the larger volume of distribution. The mean half-life in cirrhotic patients was significantly greater than in healthy volunteers. The longer half-life was associated with a reduction in the serum clearance of furosemide. Ascitic fluid volume in the patients ranged from 4.6 to 7.71. There was no significant amount of furosemide in the fluid. The diuretic interchange between this fluid and plasma was slow, as peak concentrations ranged from 0.3 to 0.5 µg/ml within 3 to 5 h after bolus administration of furosemide. Diuresis and urinary sodium excretion, 5 h after furosemide injection, were similar in both groups; larger potassium excretion was found in the cirrhotic patients.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00548399
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pharmacokinetics of intravenous timolol in patients with acute myocardial infarction and in healthy volunteers (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 23 (1982), S. 43-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): timolol ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacodynamics ; healthy subjects ; cardiac infarction patients ; i.v. therapy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Disappearance pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and general tolerance of i.v. timolol were compared in 12 healthy volunteers and 10 patients with a definite or proven acute myocardial infarction. The drug was administered to the patients immediately on arrival at the hospital after a median delay time of 4 h. Tolerance to the injections was good in both volunteers and patients. The study revealed disappearance pharmacokinetics that were similar in volunteers and patients.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01061376
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pharmacokinetics of parenteral and oral melperone in man (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 23 (1982), S. 173-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): melperone ; neuroleptic drug ; dose dependent kinetics ; i.m. injection ; i.v. injection ; pharmacokinetics ; oral application
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The pharmacokinetics of melperone (Buronil®, Ferrosan, Sweden) was studied after administration of various parenteral and oral doses to man. After parenteral administration, the data could be fitted to a two-compartment model, but after oral dosing the distribution phase could not be separated from the elimination phase, and so an one-compartment model gave the best fit. The half-lives were about 3–4 h, except after intramuscular injection, when the half-life was about 6 h. The bioavailability of oral doses was about 60% of the intravenous injection. After the highest oral dose of 100 mg, the pharmacokinetics, expressed as AUC or Cmax, showed non-linearity, possibly due to saturation of the hepatic elimination system.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00545974
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the antiarrhythmic compound MD750819 in dogs with experimentally induced arrhythmias (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 10 (1982), S. 283-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Schlagwort(e): antiarrhythmic compound ; experimental arrhythmia ; pharmacokinetics ; three compartment model ; pharmacological response ; combined pharmacokinetic pharmacodynamic model
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics were studied in three dogs with interventricular coronary artery ligatures (ligature of Harris) and in three control animals. Weighted nonlinear analysis was used to fit equations describing two and three compartment open models to the experimental data, obtained after intravenous injection (5 mg/kg) of the drug. The three compartment model gave a reduction in the weighted sum of squared residuals and an improvement in the randomness of scatter of the experimental points about the theoretical curve. The postdistribution elimination half-life was longer, the area under the plasma elimination curve larger, and the total body plasma clearance and apparent volume of distribution was reduced in the animals with arrhythmias. The pharmacological response was assessed by recording the ECG and calculating the percentage of normal sinus rhythm/min. A combined pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model was used to analyze data from individual animals. ke0, a measure of the lag time of pharmacological response behind changes in plasma concentration, and Ce (50), a measure of the sensitivity of the cardiac site of action of the drug, were determined.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01059262
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effect of saturable binding to plasma proteins on the pharmacokinetic properties of disopyramide (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 10 (1982), S. 1-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Schlagwort(e): disopyramide ; pharmacokinetics ; antiarrhythmic, healthy subjects
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Disopyramide exhibits saturable binding to plasma proteins in the therapeutic plasma concentration range. Because of this property, controversy exists in the literature regarding the pharmacokinetic properties of the drug. The purposes of this study were to reassess the pharmacokinetic properties of disopyramide in humans, taking into consideration both total and unbound concentrations and to use disopyramide as a model compound to study the effect of drug binding on the renal clearance of both total and unbound drug. A single intravenous dose of disopyramide (1.5 mg/kg) was administered to eight normal volunteers. Blood and urine samples were collected for 36h. Total concentrations of disopyramide in plasma and urine were determined by high pressure liquid chromatography. Binding of disopyramide to plasma proteins was determined by equilibrium dialysis. In all subjects, the binding of disopyramide to plasma proteins was saturable, but there were considerable differences in binding between subjects. The volume of distribution, total body clearance, and renal clearances of both total and unbound drug were calculated. Because only the total body clearance and renal clearance of unbound compound are not dependent upon unbound fraction (α), these are the only parameters which can be reported without qualification as to the concentration. The mean ± SD total body clearance of unbound drug in the eight subjects was 5.40± 2.80 ml/min/kg. About 50% of this was due to renal elimination. A statistically significant negative correlation of the renal clearance of total disopyramide with time was observed in seven of eight subjects, whereas a significant correlation between the renal clearance of unbound disopyramide and time was observed in only one subject. This suggests that the renal clearance of unbound disopyramide is independent of α, while the renal clearance of total disopyramide is dependent upon α.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01059180
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pharmacokinetics of sulfaethidole in the rat: Nonlinear multicompartment solution (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 10 (1982), S. 27-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Schlagwort(e): pharmacokinetics ; models ; plasma protein binding ; nonlinear processes ; Sulfaethidole
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Sulfaethidole distribution and elimination in the rat was studied over a 90-fold dose range. This experimental design produced marked nonlinearity in the binding of Sulfaethidole to proteins in both interstitial fluid and plasma. Using a multicompartmental model consisting of binding of Sulfaethidole to plasma and interstitial fluid proteins, Sulfaethidole distribution in the body could be simulated. Urinary and biliary elimination of Sulfaethidole depended on the unbound drug mass in the plasma and urine flow. The results confirm the central role of the unbound species in the distribution and elimination of drugs with marked binding to plasma proteins.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01059182
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Interspecies scaling, allometry, physiological time, and the ground plan of pharmacokinetics (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 10 (1982), S. 201-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Schlagwort(e): interspecies variations ; scaling ; heterogony ; allometry ; pharmacokinetics ; physiological time ; pharmacokinetic time ; maximum lifespan potential
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Interspecies variation in pharmacokinetics is considered and treated as a property and consequence of body size (allometry). Consequently, it is possible to reference (scale) pharmacokinetic parameters to the organism's individual anatomy, biochemistry, and/or physiology in such a manner that differences between species are nullified. Thus, in the mouse, rat, dog, monkey, and human, methotrexate plasma clearance always equals 133% of creatinine clearance and as such becomes invariant. Pharmacokinetic time (a variable in terms of chronological time) is shown to be a form of physiological time in which a pharmacokinetic event becomes the independent variable, e.g., disposition halflife. A relationship between pharmacokinetic time and body size is demonstrated. It is suggested that man's lesser quantitative ability to metabolize many drugs may be correlated with his enhanced longevity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01062336
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of bumetanide in normal subjects (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 10 (1982), S. 393-409 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Schlagwort(e): diuretic ; bumetanide ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacodynamics ; normals
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of bumetanide (1 mg) administered either orally or intravenously were studied in a group of normal subjects using high-pressure liquid chromatography. A two-compartment model adequately fitted the intravenous data. Renal clearance (85 ml min−1 contributed 65% to the total elimination of bumetanide irrespective of whether a model-dependent or model-independent method was used. Oral administration of bumetanide elicited a greater and a more prolonged pharmacological response than did intravenous bumetanide. An attempt is made to relate the pharmacokinetics of the drug to its pharmacodynamics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01065171
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Time course of blood ethanol in rats during alcohol dependence and withdrawal (1982)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 94 (1982), S. 1069-1071 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): pharmacokinetics ; alcohol ; alcohol abstinence
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00830715
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A model of the kinetics of blood levels of phenazepam and its metabolite 3-hydroxyphenazepam in cats (1982)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 94 (1982), S. 1373-1375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): pharmacokinetics ; phenazepam ; 3-hydroxyphenazepam ; cats ; blood ; metabolic model
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00827203
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pharmacokinetics of ethanol in narcotic doses and endogenous ethanol levels in female rats (1982)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 94 (1982), S. 1689-1692 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): ethanol preference ; endogenous ethanol ; pharmacokinetics ; estrous cysle
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00838911
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Clinical pharmacokinetics of disopyramide (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 10 (1982), S. 465-494 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Schlagwort(e): disopyramide ; pharmacokinetics ; bioavailability ; metabolite ; half-life ; protein binding ; disease states ; drug-drug interaction
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Current information on the pharmacokinetics of disopyramide is reviewed with emphasis on the implications for antiarrhythmic therapy. The absolute bioavailability, the disposition half-life, the plasma clearance, and the renal clearance for normal subjects and patients are discussed. Drug-drug interactions are discussed, and a new flexible intravenous dosing schedule is proposed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01059032
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of dose size on the pharmacokinetics of intravenous hydrocortisone during endogenous hydrocortisone suppression (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 10 (1982), S. 147-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Schlagwort(e): intravenous hydrocortisone ; blood concentrations ; pharmacokinetics ; endogenous hydrocortisone suppression
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The pharmacokinetics of hydrocortisone were examined following single intravenous doses of 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg hydrocortisone, as the sodium succinate salt, to healthy male volunteers. Endogenous hydrocortisone was suppressed by administration of 2 mg dexamethasone the night before hydrocortisone injection. Plasma samples obtained serially during 8 h after hydrocortisone injection were assayed by reversephase HPLC using a fixed wavelength (254 nm) ultraviolet detector. Initial concentrations of hydrocortisone in plasma were proportional to dose size. The subsequent decline in hydrocortisone concentrations was biphasic, and individual data sets were adequately described in terms of the pharmacokinetic two-compartment open model. Values of pharmacokinetic parameters were similar from the 5, 10, and 20 mg doses. Following the 40 mg dose, the overall elimination rate constant decreased, while the distribution volume, Vdss,and plasma clearance increased, in comparison with the values obtained from lower doses. Changes in the pharmacokinetics of hydrocortisone at high doses may be related to drug concentrationdependent changes in the binding of hydrocortisone to plasma proteins. Previously reported dosedependent changes in some pharmacokinetic parameters following oral hydrocortisone are attributed to absorption rather than distribution or elimination effects.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01062332
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  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Analytical approximations of sensitivities of steady state predictions to errors in parameter estimation (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 10 (1982), S. 559-574 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Schlagwort(e): pharmacokinetics ; steady state predictions ; sensitivity analysis ; parameter estimates ; optimum sampling strategies
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The sensitivity theory is applied to derive a linear approximation to the functional dependence of some steady state quantities of therapeutic significance on pharmacokinetic parameters obtained from the biexponential response to a single drug dose. The error of a steady state prediction depends in general on two terms. The first one may be viewed as an approximate sensitivity of the prediction to the parameter errors, and this depends solely on the algebraic relation between the prediction and the parameters. The second term is the relative error in parameters, and this may be affected by experimental design and the method of data analysis. Comparisons are made with Monte Carlo simulations and “a posteriori”estimates of variance of a prediction.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01059038
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  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pharmacokinetics of cefroxadin (CGP 9000) in man (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 10 (1982), S. 15-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Schlagwort(e): cefroxadin ; pharmacokinetics ; man
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The pharmacokinetics of cefroxadin have been studied after the administration of single oral and intravenous doses to healthy volunteers. Cefroxadin was assayed by HPLC. The kinetics in plasma following i.v. administration were described by using a three-compartment model. An additional disposition phase was observed following oral administration that could not be detected after the low i.v. dose. The terminal half-life was 1.03 h. The apparent volume of distribution at the steady state was consistent with a diffusion of the antibiotic in all extracellular fluids. The AUCafter oral administration was linearly related to the dose. The urinary excretion amounted to 95% of the dose with virtually complete absorption of orally administered drug.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01059181
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  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of intravenous, oral, and rectal nitrazepam in humans (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 10 (1982), S. 231-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Schlagwort(e): nitrazepam ; i.v. ; oral ; rectal administration ; protein binding ; pharmacokinetics ; bioavailability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of nitrazepam following intravenous, oral (tablet), and rectal (solution) administration were studied in seven healthy, young male volunteers. Nitrazepam plasma concentrations were determined by electron-capture GLC; pharmacokinetic evaluations were made by compartmental analysis (NONLIN) and compared with the results obtained by a less stringent modelling of the data. The plasma concentration-time profile was similar for all three routes of administration. Mean kinetic parameters as obtained by compartmental analysis of i.v. nitrazepam were: distribution half-life 17 min; volume of distribution after equilibrium 2.14 liters/kg; total plasma clearance 61.6 ml/min; elimination half-life 29.0 h. The mean protein unbound fraction of nitrazepam in plasma was 12.3% and the clearance of the unbound fraction was 506 ml/min. Absorption of oral nitrazepam started after the elapse of a lag time (mean value 12 min) and occurred as an apparent first-order process in all but one subject, with a mean absorption half-life of 16 min. Distribution and elimination half-lives were comparable with those following i.v. administration. Following rectal administration of the nitrazepam solution, rapid first-order absorption occurred with a mean lag time of 4 min and a mean absorption half-life of 9 min. Peak times (median 18 min) were significantly shorter than following oral administration (median 38 min), but there was little difference in peak concentrations. The distribution half-life was similar to i.v. and oral administration, but the elimination half-lives were longer with a mean value of 33.1 h. Following i.v. administration a good agreement was found between the results obtained by compartmental analysis using NONLIN and those obtained by a less stringent modelling of the data. Following oral and rectal administration, a good agreement between the two procedures was found for the elimination half-life; estimation of bioavailability, however, was higher by compartmental analysis. The mean bioavailability data showed that absorption is complete when nitrazepam is given orally and almost 20% lower when it is given rectally, but considerable interindividual differences were observed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01059259
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Literature growth in pharmacokinetics (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 10 (1982), S. 335-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Schlagwort(e): pharmacokinetics ; bioavailability ; growth ; literature growth ; logistic function
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The literature growth in pharmacokinetics and bioavailability between the years 1964 and 1980 is analyzed. During much of this period, the literature doubled approximately every 1.6 years. However, during the period 1978–1980, little or no growth was observed. During the period 1950–1967, the total chemical literature increased exponentially with a half-life of 8.28 years; between 1968 and 1980, the half-life was 12.4 years. Thus, the pharmacokinetic literature increased at a much more rapid pace than did the total chemical literature in general. The subject of growth is considered in a general context, particularly as influenced by psychological, sociological, political, and economic factors. It is concluded that while mathematical functions may adequately describe past literature trends, they have little if any utility in predicting future trends in specific research areas such as pharmacokinetics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01059265
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pharmacokinetics of intravenous chloramphenicol sodium succinate in adult patients with normal renal and hepatic function (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 10 (1982), S. 601-614 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Schlagwort(e): chloramphenicol-3-monosuccinate ; chloramphenicol-1-monosuccinate ; chloramphenicol ; bioavailability ; pharmacokinetics ; intravenous administration ; adult patients
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The pharmacokinetics of chloramphenicol (CAP) and total chloramphenicol succinate (CAPS) were studied in eight hospitalized adult patients with normal renal and hepatic function receiving intravenous chloramphenicol sodium succinate therapy. The steady-state peak concentrations of CAP (8.4–26.0 μg/ml) occurred at an average of 18.0 min (range 5.4–40.2) after cessation of the chloramphenicol sodium succinate infusion. Unhydrolyzed CAPS prodrug, representing 26.0±7.0% of the dose, was recovered unchanged in the urine indicating that the bioavailability of CAP from a dose of intravenous chloramphenicol succinate is not complete. A pharmacokinetic model was developed for simultaneous fitting of CAP and CAPS plasma concentration data. Pharmacokinetic parameters determined by simultaneous fitting were: V, 0.81±0.18 liters/kg; t1/2, 3.20 ±1.02 hr; CLB, 3.21±1.27 ml/min/kg for chloramphenicol; and V, 0.38±0.13 liters/kg; t1/2, 0.57±0.12hr; CLB, 7.72±1.87 ml/min/kg for total chloramphenicol succinate.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01062543
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  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Intraindividual variability in theophylline pharmacokinetics: Statistical verification in 39 of 60 healthy young adults (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 10 (1982), S. 123-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Schlagwort(e): theophylline ; pharmacokinetics ; variability ; disposition rate constant ; man
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract After administering a single 300 mg dose of theophylline in oral solution to 12 healthy adults, the dose-normalized area under the plasma concentration-time curve was 97.2±20.1 % (mean±SD) of that after giving a 500 mg dose and statistically indistinguishable. Similarly, these areas multiplied by the individual's terminal disposition rate constant (β) were statistically indistinguishable between 300 and 500mg doses (99.1±10.3%), giving no evidence of dose-dependence for theophylline kinetics at the levels below 15 μg/ml observed in these individuals. After an intravenous dose, a shortlived distribution phase (t1/2α) is sometimes seen. An a phase, however, is hardly discernible in over 250 profiles arising from oral doses administered during five single dose bioavailability studies. Almost all such profiles appear to follow single-compartment model predictions. With precautions to avoid a potential a phase, a terminal log-linear slope can be fitted by least squares analysis with a relative standard error in the slope determination almost always less than 6%. Covariance analysis confirms statistically that 39 of the 60 participating individuals varied in their β on the different occasions each was required to take a dose during the course of a crossover bioavailability trial. In one study, even though each individual was observed on only two occasions, 9 out of 12 showed statistically identifiable variation in β. Fluctuations in β of 60% can be seen. Changes of 30% or greater are common and can occur within 3 or 4 days. Thus real, large, and potentially frequent changes in β of theophylline have been identified in a majority of normal subjects. These changes do not appear to be confined to either sex, to smokers or nonsmokers, or to heavier or lighter individuals. No chronological pattern has, as yet, been recognized in the intraindividual variability in β.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01062330
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Boron chelates and boron-metal chelates. VIII. Constitution of Boron Chelates with C=N GroupsDedicated to Professor Fritz Umland on the Occasion of his 60th Birthday. (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 484 (1982), S. 41-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Borchelate und Bormetallchelate. VIII. Die Konstitution von Borchelaten mit C=N-GruppenDie Chelate 1-5 wurden aus der Carbonyl-Komponente, dem primären Amin bzw. Hydrazin und der organischen Borsäure in guter Ausbeute erhalten. Die Verbindungen wurden analytisch (Elementaranalyse, quantitative Bestimmung acider Wasserstoffatome und reduzierbarer Gruppen) und spektroskopisch (UV-VIS; IR; NMR: 11B, 1H, 13C) charakterisiert. 4 reagiert beim Erhitzen unter Abgabe von Benzol zu Chelat 6, das analytisch und spektroskopisch untersucht wurde.
    Notizen: The chelates 1-5 were obtained in good yield by reacting the carbonyl component with primary amine or hydrazine and organo-boric acid. The compounds were characterized analytically (by elemental analysis and quantitative determinations of acidic hydrogen atoms and reducible groups) and spectroscopically (uv-vis; ir; nmr: 11B, 1H, 13C). Benzene is liberated on heating 4. The novel chelate 6 was investigated using analytical and spectroscopic methods.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19824840105
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Acyl- und Alkylidenphosphane. XIX. Molekül- und Kristallstruktur des 2,4-Bis(dimethylamino)-1,3-diphenyl-1,3-diphosphetans (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 485 (1982), S. 23-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Acyl and Alkylidenephosphines. XlX. Molecular and Crystal Structure of 2,4-Bis (dimethyl-amino) -1,3-diphenyl-l, 3-diphosphetane2,4-Bis(dimethylamino)-1,3-diphenyl-1,3-diphosphetane 2a which is isolated as a byproduct in the synthesis of (E)-(dimethylamino)methylidene-phenylphosphine 1a crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c. The dimensions of the unit cell determined at -65 ± 5°C are: a = 1 004(1); b = 1 018(3); c = 1 873(2) pm; β = 105.15(8)°; Z = 4. As it is shown by a low temperature X-ray structure determination (Rg = 3.5%) the phenyl groups are placed above and the dimethylamino groups below the folded 1,3-diphosphetane ring; the molecule with its differently twisted substituents, however, deviates considerably from point symmetry mm2. The dihedral angle between the P1—C1n—P2 planes (n = 1 or 2) is found to be 153°. The relatively long Pn—C1n bond distances (187 to 191 pm) indicate a strained ring system; in solution 2a decomposes to some extent and forms monomeric 1a again. Further characteristic average bond distances and angles are: Pn—C4n (phenyl) 184; C—N 146 pm; P1—C1n—P2 93°; C11—Pn—C12 84° and Pn—C1n—Nn 116°.
    Notizen: Das bei der Synthese des (E)-(Dimethylamino)methyliden-phenylphosphans 1a als Nebenprodukt gebildete 2,4-Bis(dimethylamino)-1,3-diphenyl-1,3-diphosphetan 2a kristallisiert monoklin in der Raumgruppe P21/c mit den dei der Meßtemperatur von -65 ± 5°C bestimmten Gitterkonstanten: a = 1 004(1); b = 1 018(3); c = 1 873(2) pm; β = 105,15(8)°; Z = 4. Nach den Ergebnissen der Röntgenstrukturanalyse (Rg = 3,5%) ordnen sich die Phenylgruppen oberhalb, die Dimethylamino-Gruppen unterhalb des mit 153° an der P1-P2-Achse gefalteten 1,3-Diphosphetan-Rings an; durch unterschiedliche Drehung der Substituenten weicht aber das Molekül stark von der Punktsymmetrie mm2 ab. Die mit 187 bis 191 pm langen endocyclischen Pn-C1n-Abstände (n = 1 oder 2) weisen auf einen gespannten Ring hin; in Lösung zerfällt 2a wieder teilweise in das Monomere 1a. Weitere charakteristische mittlere Bindungsabstände und -winkel sind: Pn-C4n (Phenyl) 184; C—N 146 pm; P1—C1n—P2 93°; C11—Pn—C12 84° und Pn—C1n—Nn 116°.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19824850104
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Silaethene. VII. Darstellung und Charakterisierung SiF-haltiger Silacyclobutane Silaethene. VII. Preparation and Characterization of Silacyclobutanes with SiF Groups (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 485 (1982), S. 53-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Silaethene. VII. Preparation and Characterization of Silacyclobutanes with SiF Groups and Me(F)- can be prepared in moderate to good yields by fluorination of the corresponding chlorine compounds with SbF3, ZnF2, AgF, or AgF2. The Lewis acidic fluorides SbF3 and ZnF3 lead to ring cleavage products in considerable amounts. With SbF3 in the presence of catalytic amounts of SbCl5 ring cleavage via formation of HX (X = F, Cl) is the main reaction. Disilacyclobutanes 3 and 4 can be prepared, alternatively, by gas phase pyrolysis of 1 and 2, respectively.
    Notizen: und lassen sich in mäßigen bis guten Ausbeuten durch Fluorierung der entsprechenden Chlorverbindungen mit SbF3, ZnF2, AgF oder AgF2 darstellen. Die Lewis-aciden Fluoride SbF3 und ZnF2 führen in erheblichem Umfang zu Ringspaltungsprodukten. Bei Verwendung von SbF3 in Gegenwart katalytischer Mengen SbCl5 wird durch Bildung von HX (X = F, Cl) die Spaltung der Ringe zur Hauptreaktion. Die Disilacyclobutane 3 und 4 sind auch durch Gasphasenpyrolyse von 1 und 2 zugänglich.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19824850106
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Die K4[Ag4O4]  -  Strukturfamilie (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 485 (1982), S. 101-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: K4[Ag404] Structure TypeM4[Ag4O4] (M = Li—Cs) and M4[Cu4O4] (M = Li—Rb) have been prepared anew; as an example the crystal structure of K4[Ag4O4] has been revised.Contrary to our first report [2, 3] it crystallizes in the space-group I4m2 with the “ring” [Ag4O4]4- which is not plane, however. Each two O2- (trans-arrangement) are rather (0.02 Å) above and below the plane of the “ring”, respectively. The new parameters are given in the text. The distances, for example d(Ag+·O2-) = 2.058 Å and the Madelung Part of Lattice Energy, MAPLE, are both in a very good agreement with the measurements and calculations, respectively, which have been done on other ternary oxides with silver.
    Notizen: Die Verbindungen M4[Ag4O4] mit M = Li—Cs und M4[Cu4O4] mit M = Li—Rb wurden erneut dargestellt; die Kristallstruktur wurde am K4[Ag4O4] überprüft.Entgegen unserem ersten Befund [2, 3] (I4) liegt in I4m2 zwar die Gruppe [Ag4O4]4- vor, doch sind je zwei O2- (trans-Stellung) etwas (0,02 Å) oberhalb bzw. unterhalb der “Ringebene” ausgelenkt. Bezüglich der neuen Parameter siehe Text. Die Abstände, z. B. d(Ag+→O2-) = 2,058 Å, sowie der Madelung-Anteil der Gitterenergie, MAPLE, stimmen mit Messungen bzw. Berechnungen an anderen ternären Oxiden mit Silber sehr gut überein.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19824850110
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Die Kristallstruktur von p-Tolylbis(diethyldithiocarbamato)-thallium(III) und Phenylbis(methylxanthogenato)bismut(III) (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 485 (1982), S. 217-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Crystal Structure of p-Tolylbis (diethyldithiocarbamato)thallium(III) and Phenylbis-(methylxanthogenato)bismut(III)The crystal structure of 4-CH3(C6H4)—Tl(S2CN(C2H5)2)2 (P21/c, a = 11.973(3), b = 10.692(3), c = 19.232(4) Å, β = 114.02(2)°, Z = 4) and C6H5-Bi(S2COCH3)2 (P21/c, a = 6.395(2), b = 24.684(8), c = 9.732(3) Å, β = 101.38(3)°, Z = 4) was solved from X-ray diffraction data of single crystals. From the interatomic distances follows that the dithiocarbamate and xanthogenate ligands coordinate asymmetrically bidentate to the metal as presumed and exclusively through the sulfur atoms. Differences in the coordination sphere of bismut and thallium give evidence for a “stereochemically active lone pair” on the bismut atom.
    Notizen: Die Kristallstruktur von 4-CH3(C6H4)—Tl(S2CN(C2H5)2)2 (P21/c, a = 11,973(3) Å, b = 10,692(3) Å, c = 19,232(4) Å, β = 114,02(2)°, Z = 4) und C6H5-Bi(S2COCH3)2 (P21/c, a = 6,395(2) Å, b = 24,684(8) Å, c = 9,732(3) Å, β = 101,38(3)°, Z = 4) konnte aus Röntgendiffraktometerdaten von Einkristallen ermittelt werden. Die interatomaren Abstände zeigen daß, die Koordination von Dithiocarbamat und Xanthogenat an die Metallatome wie schon vermutet stark asymmetrisch zweizähnig und ausschließlich über Schwefel erfolgt. Die Koordinationsunterschiede zwischen Bismut und Thallium ergeben ein deutliches Indiz für die “stereochemische Aktivität” des freien Elektronenpaares am Bismutatom.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19824850121
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Zur Reaktion von farblosem Phosphor mit Cyclohexen und Sauerstoff (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 486 (1982), S. 22-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: About the Reaction of Colourless Phosphorus with Cyclohexene and OxygenIn the presence of cyclohexene, oxygen, and cyclohexene hydroperoxide the P4 molecule is decomposed into an organo-phosphorus oxide - network. NMR investigations on hydrolysis, alcoholysis and chlorination products have shown this cyclohexene-phosphorus oxide to consist essentially of anhydrides and partially esterified anhydrides of phosphonous acids, phosphonic acids, phosphorous acids, and phosphoric acids. The anhydrides of cis-cyclohexane-1,2-diphosphonic acid and benzene phosphonic acid contain the largest amount of the whole organically bonded phosphorus, the formation of the latter compound being attributed to the participation of the solvent (benzene) in the reaction.
    Notizen: Beim Abbau des P4-Moleküls in Gegenwart von Cyclohexen, Sauerstoff und Cyclohexenhydroperoxid entsteht ein organyliertes „Phosphor-Netzoxid“. Durch NMR-spektroskopische Untersuchungen von Hydrolyse-, Alkoholyse- und Chlorierungsprodukten dieses Cyclo-hexen-Phosphoroxids konnte nachgewiesen werden, daß es sich im wesentlichen aus den Anhydriden bzw. partiell veresterten Anhydriden von phosphonigen Säuren, Phosphonsäuren, phosphoriger Säure und Phosphorsäure zusammensetzt. Der größte Anteil organisch gebundenen Phospors liegt in Form der Anhydride von cis-Cyclohexan-1,2-diphosphonsäure und Benzenphosphonsäure vor, wobei die Bildung letzterer Verbindung auf die Einbeziehung des Lösungsmittels (Benzen) in die Reaktion zurückzuführen ist.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19824860103
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Gallium-, Indium-Mangan- und Thallium-Rhenium-Carbonylverbindungen (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 485 (1982), S. 234-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Gallium-, Indium-Manganese-, and Thallium-Rhenium Carbonyl CompoundsCompounds of type Na{Cl4-nM[Mn(CO)5]n} (M = Ga, In; n = 1, 2, 3) were prepared by reaction of the Lewis acids MCl3 and NaMn(CO)5. Instead of the sodium salts were obtained the compounds (C3H7CO2)2InMn(CO)4L (Indium atom with the coordination number 5) from Indium(III) butyrate with two carboxylate groups bonded as chelate ligands and NaMn(CO)4L [L = CO, P(C6H5)3] in the molar ratio 1:1. By reacting TlCl with NaRe(CO)5 i.r. spectroscopic measurements of the solution pointed out the intermediate product TlRe(CO)5, which was unstable against a disproportionation reaction into Tl and Tl[Re(CO)5]3. The last named compound delivered as a thermal decomposition product Re2(CO)8[μ-TlRe(CO)5]2. I.r. bands of the new compounds were assigned.
    Notizen: Verbindungen des Typs Na{Cl4-nM[Mn(CO)5]n} (M = Ga, In; n = 1, 2, 3) wurden durch Umsetzungen der Lewissäuren MCl3 mit NaMn(CO)5 hergestellt. An Stelle der Natriumsalze entstanden die beiden Produkte (C3H7CO2)2InMn(CO)4L (Indiumatom mit Koordinationszahl 5) bei Umsetzungen zwischen Indium(III)-butyrat mit zwei chelatartig gebundenen Carboxylatgruppen und NaMn(CO)4L [L = CO, P(C6H5)3] im Molverhältnis 1:1. Bei der Reaktion von TlCl mit NaRe(CO)5 zeigten infrarotspektroskopische Lösungsuntersuchungen das Zwischenprodukt TlRe(CO)5, welches instabil gegenüber einer Disproportionierungsreaktion in Thalliummetall und Tl[Re(CO)5]3 war. Die letztgenannte Verbindung lieferte als ein thermisches Zersetzungsprodukt Re2(CO)8[μ-TlRe(CO)5]2. Es wurden den neuen Verbindungen IR-Banden zugeordnet.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19824850123
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Element-Element-Bindungen. I. Synthese und Struktur des Tetra(tert-butyl)tetrarsetans und des Tetra(tert-butyl)tetrastibetans (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 486 (1982), S. 70-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Element-Element Bonds. I. Syntheses and Structure of Tetra(tert-butyl)tetrarsetane and of Tetra(tert-butyl)tetrastibetaneDilithium (tert-butyl)arsenide reacts with (tert-butyl)dichloroarsine to give tetra-(tert-butyl)tetrarsetane 1; homologous tetra(tert-butyl)tetrastibetane 2 is formed by reduction of (tert-butyl)dichlorostibane with magnesium. The isotypic compounds 1/2 crystallize in the monoclinic space group P21/c with Z = 4. The dimensions of the unit cells determined at -45 ± 5°C are: a = 957.4(8)/1 000.2(3); b = 1 399.1(14)/1 423.9(4); c = 1 697.4(9)/1 749.8(7) pm; β = 96.02(6)/96.77(3)°. As shown by low temperature X-ray structure determinations (3 531/3 232 symmetry independent reflections; Rg = 4.0/4.6%) the four membered rings E4 (E = As or Sb) are folded; in all-trans configuration the bulky organic substituents occupy pseudo-equatorial positions. Characteristic averaged bond distances and angles are: E—E 244/282; E—C 202/221 pm; ∢ E—E—E 86/85° ∢ E—E—C 101/99°. The dihedral angels of the bisphenoides built up by the atoms of the rings are found to be 139/133°.
    Notizen: Dilithium-(tert-butyl)arsenid reagiert mit (tert-Butyl)dichlorarsan zum Tetra(tert-butyl)tetrarsetan 1; das homologe Tetrastibetan 2 bildet sich bei der Reduktion von (tert-Butyl)dichlorstiban mit Magnesium. Die isotypen Verbindungen kristallisieren monoklin in der Raumgruppe P21/c mit Z = 4. Die bei der Meßtemperatur von -45 ± 5°C bestimmten Gitterkonstanten von 1/2 sind: a = 957,4(8)/1 000,2(3); b = 1 399,1(14)/1 423,9(4); c = 1 697,4(9)/1 749,8(7) pm; β = 96,02(6)/96,77(3)°. Nach den Ergebnissen der Röntgenstrukturanalysen (3 531/3 232 symmetrieunabhängige Reflexe, Rg = 4,0/4,6%) sind die E4-Ringe (E = As, Sb) gefaltet; die voluminösen organischen Substituenten stehen pseudo-äquatorial in der all-trans-Konfiguration. Charakteristische mittlere Bindungslängen und -winkel sind: E—E 244/282; E—C 202/221 pm; ∢ E—E—E 86/85° ∢ E—E—C 101/99°. Die Diederwinkel der von den Ringatomen aufgespannten Bisphenoide betragen 139/133°.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19824860110
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Trimethylsilylverbindungen der Vb-Elemente. II. Molekül- und KristallStruktur des Tetrakis(trimethylsilyl)-diarsans (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 486 (1982), S. 90-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Trimethylsilyl Derivatives of Vb-Elements. II. Molecular and Crystal Structure of Tetrakis(trimethylsilyl)diarsinePale yellow tetrakis(trimethylsilyl)diarsine 1 which is easily obtained from lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)arsenide · 2 tetrahydrofurane (THF) and 1,2-dibromoethane crystallizes in a trigonal, acentric space group. The dimensions of the unit cell determined at -95 ± 5°C are: a = 974.2(2); c = 2 080.0(4) pm; Z = 3. Considering anomalous dispersion the refinement of structural data in space group P3121 converges at an R-value of 0.060, in its enantiomorph P3221, however, at 0.031. With a dihedral angle Si2′—As′—As—Si1 of -125.7° the molecule adopts gauche conformation. Both bis(trimethylsilyl)arsino groups are symmetry-related by the crystallographic operation of the diad. Characteristic bond lengths and angles are: As—As 245.8(1); As—Si 236.5(1) and 236.2(2) pm; Si—As—Si 100.90(5); As—As—Si 93.87(3) and 113.63(4)°. The shortest intermolecular As—As distance is found to be 662 pm.
    Notizen: Das schwach gelbe, aus Lithium-bis(trimethylsilyl)arsenid · 2 Tetrahydrofuran (THF) und 1,2-Dibromäthan leicht zugängliche Tetrakis(trimethylsilyl)diarsan 1 kristallisiert trigonal mit den bei der Meßtemperatur von -95 ± 5°C verfeinerten Gitterkonstanten: a = 974,2(2); c = 2 080,0(4) pm; Z = 3. Unter Berücksichtigung der anomalen Dispersion konvergieren die Verfeinerungen der Röntgenstrukturanalyse in der Raumgruppe P3121 bei einem R-Wert von 0,060, in ihrem Enantiomorphen P3221 bei 0,031. Mit einem Diederwinkel Si2′—As′—As—Si1 von -125,7° weist das Molekül gauche Konformation auf; beide Bis(trimethylsilyl)arsano-Gruppen werden über die kristallographische Symmetrieoperation der zweizähligen Drehachse ineinander überführt. Charakteristische Bindungslängen und -winkel sind: As—As 245,8(1); As—Si 236,5(1) und 236,2(2) pm; Si—As—Si 100,90(5); As—As—Si 93,87(3) und 113,63(4)°. Der kürzeste intermolekulare As—As-Abstand beträgt 662 pm.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19824860111
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Über Chalkogenolate. 108. Untersuchungen über Perthiocyansäure 1. Darstellung und Eigenschaften von Perthiocyanaten (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 486 (1982), S. 102-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: On Chalcogenolates. 108. Studies on Perthiocyanic Acid. 1. Synthesis and Properties of PerthiocyanatesThe perthiocyanates \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \begin{array}{*{20}c} {{\rm M}_{\rm 2} [{\rm C}_{\rm 2} {\rm N}_{\rm 2} {\rm S}_{\rm 3}]{\rm }{\rm }3{\rm H}_{\rm 2} {\rm O mit M = [(C}_{\rm 6} {\rm H}_{\rm 5} {\rm)}_{\rm 4} {\rm As] bzw}{\rm . M}_{\rm 2} {\rm = Ba,}} \\ {{\rm M}_{\rm 2} [{\rm C}_{\rm 2} {\rm N}_{\rm 2} {\rm S}_{\rm 3}]{\rm }{\rm 2H}_{\rm 2} {\rm O mit M = Na, K,}} \\ {{\rm M}_{\rm 2} [{\rm C}_{\rm 2} {\rm N}_{\rm 2} {\rm S}_{\rm 3}]{\rm }{\rm H}_{\rm 2} {\rm O mit M = Rb, Cs bzw}{\rm . M}_{\rm 2} {\rm = Cu, Cd und}} \\ {{\rm M}_{\rm 2} [{\rm C}_{\rm 2} {\rm N}_{\rm 2} {\rm S}_{\rm 3}]{\rm mit M = NH, Tl, Ag bzw}{\rm . M}_{\rm 2} {\rm = Pb, Hg}} \\ \end{array} $$\end{document} have been prepared by different techniques. The compounds were characterized by means of diverse methods.
    Notizen: Die nach unterschiedlichen Verfahren hergestellten Perthiocyanate \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \begin{array}{*{20}c} {{\rm M}_{\rm 2} [{\rm C}_{\rm 2} {\rm N}_{\rm 2} {\rm S}_{\rm 3}]{\rm }{\rm }3{\rm H}_{\rm 2} {\rm O mit M = [(C}_{\rm 6} {\rm H}_{\rm 5} {\rm)}_{\rm 4} {\rm As] bzw}{\rm . M}_{\rm 2} {\rm = Ba,}} \\ {{\rm M}_{\rm 2} [{\rm C}_{\rm 2} {\rm N}_{\rm 2} {\rm S}_{\rm 3}]{\rm }{\rm 2H}_{\rm 2} {\rm O mit M = Na, K,}} \\ {{\rm M}_{\rm 2} [{\rm C}_{\rm 2} {\rm N}_{\rm 2} {\rm S}_{\rm 3}]{\rm }{\rm H}_{\rm 2} {\rm O mit M = Rb, Cs bzw}{\rm . M}_{\rm 2} {\rm = Cu, Cd und}} \\ {{\rm M}_{\rm 2} [{\rm C}_{\rm 2} {\rm N}_{\rm 2} {\rm S}_{\rm 3}]{\rm mit M = NH, Tl, Ag bzw}{\rm . M}_{\rm 2} {\rm = Pb, Hg}} \\ \end{array} $$\end{document} wurden mit verschiedenen Methoden charakterisiert.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19824860112
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Struktur und Reaktionen von Phosphorsäure-tris(N-dichlorphosphino-N-methylamid). Phosphorsäure-tris(N-phenylchlorphosphino-N-methylamid) (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 486 (1982), S. 187-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Structure and Reactions of Phosphoric tris(N-dichlorophosphino-N-methylamide). Phosphoric tris(N-phenylchlorophosphino-N-methylamide)The X-ray structural analysis of phosphoric tris(N-dichlorophosphino-N-methylamide), I, is reported. Synthesis, properties and nmr data of phosphoric tris(N-phenylchlorophosphino-N-methylamide), III, are described.
    Notizen: Es wird die Röntgenstrukturanalyse von Phosphorsäure-tris(N-dichlorphosphino-N-methylamid), I, mitgeteilt. Die Synthese, Eigenschaften und NMR-Daten von Phosphorsäure-tris(N-phenylchlorphosphino-N-methylamid), III, sind beschrieben.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19824860121
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hochdrucksynthesen von Carbonaten. VII. Kalium-Lanthanoid-Carbonate (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 486 (1982), S. 221-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: High Pressure Syntheses of Carbonates. VII. Potassium Lanthanoid CarbonatesThe anhydrous carbonates KLn(CO3)2 with Ln = La to Lu including Y are prepared either from KLn(CO3)2 · xH2O (Ln = La to Nd) at 350°C and CO2 pressures to 3 000 bar or from K2CO3 and Ln2(C2O4)3 · xH2O (Ln = Sm to Lu including Y) under CO2 pressures to 2 000 bar at 500°C. An orthorombic Type (Ln = La to Nd) and a monoclinic type are observed. Both types are investigated by IR and X-ray methods.
    Notizen: Die wasserfreien ternären Carbonate KLn(CO3)2 mit Ln = La bis Lu sowie Y werden unter CO2-Drücken bis 3000 bar bei 350°C aus KLn(CO3)2 · xH2O (Ln = La bis Nd) oder bei 500°C und 2000 bar aus K2CO3 und Ln2(C2O4)3 · xH2O (Ln = Sm bis Lu sowie Y) hergestellt. Es wird ein orthorhombischer Strukturtyp (Ln = La bis Nd) und ein monokliner Strukturtyp beobachtet. Beide Typen werden IR-spektroskopisch und röntgenographisch untersucht.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19824860126
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 484 (1982) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19824840101
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  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Zum Ablauf der Hydrothermalreaktion von CaO und Quarz in Suspension bei 190°C (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 490 (1982), S. 77-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: On the Course of the Reaction between CaO and Quartz under Hydrothermal Conditions in Suspensions at 190°CThe rate and the products formed intermediately of the reaction between CaO and quartz under hydrothermal conditions at 190°C depends on the grainsize resp. the surface area of the quartz and the CaO/SiO2 ratio. Using quartz with a surface area of 2 000 cm2/gr α-dicalciumsilicate monohydrate is formed primarily which is converted directly to Xonotlite in the further course of the reaction. On the other hand the use of quartz with a surface area of 12 000 cm2/gr leads at first to an amorphous calciumhydrogensilicat which gives 11 Å-Tobermorite in the second stage of the reaction which is converted at last to Xonotlite too. In the presence of calcium or magnesium carbonate the hydrothermal reaction between CaO and quartz shows the same dependence from the surface area of the quartz. But instead of Xonotlit Scawtite is formed as the stable finale product of this reaction in that case.
    Notizen: Bei der Hydrothermalreaktion von CaO und Quarz bei 190°C werden Umsetzungsgeschwindigkeit und Art der entstehenden Zwischenprodukte durch die Korngröße bzw. die spez. Oberfläche des Quarzes und durch das CaO/SiO2-Verhältnis bestimmt. Bei Verwendung von Quarz mit einer spez. Oberfläche von 2 000 cm2/g wird zuerst α-Dicalciumsilicatmonohydrat gebildet, das im weiteren Verlauf der Reaktion direkt in Xonotlit übergeht. Die Verwendung von Quarz mit einer spez. Oberfläche von 12 000 cm2/g führt dagegen zunächst zu einem amorphen Calciumhydrogensilicat, das in einem zweiten Reaktionsschritt 11 Å-Tobermorit bildet, der schließlich auch in Xonotlit übergeht. In Gegenwart von Calcium- oder Magnesiumcarbonat zeigt die Hydrothermalreaktion von Quarz- und Kalk dieselben Abhängigkeiten von der spez. Oberfläche des Quarzes, jedoch wird in diesem Fall anstatt Xonotlit Scawtit als stabiles Endprodukt der Reaktion gebildet.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19824900110
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    NMR-spektroskopische Untersuchungen an 15N-markierten Oxocyclophosphazanen (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 490 (1982), S. 121-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: NMR Spectroscopic Studies of 15N Labelled OxocyclophosphazanesThe completely 15N labelled cyclophosphazanes (15NMeP(OMe)O)3, (15NEtP(OEt)O)3, and (15NMeP(OMe)O)4 were prepared by rearrangement of the corresponding alkoxyphosphazenes and their 31P- and 15N-NMR spectra were investigated. On the case of the trimer compounds spectra of the ABB′XX′Y spin type were obtained; all coupling constants are relevant, and like the 15N chemical shifts they are found only by means of spectra simulations. The relative signs of the coupling constants 1JPN, 2JPP, 2JNN, and 3JPN were also obtained.
    Notizen: Die vollständig 15N-markierten Cyclophosphazane (15NMeP(OMe)O)3, (15NEtP(OEt)O)3 und (15NMeP(OMe)O)4 wurden aus den entsprechenden Alkoxyphosphazenen dargestellt und sowohl 31P- als auch 15N-NMR-spektroskopisch untersucht. Bei den trimeren Verbindungen wurden Spektren vom Spintyp ABB'XX'Y erhalten; alle Kopplungskonstanten sind relevant, sie können wie die 15N-chemischen Verschiebungen nur auf dem Wege der Spektrensimulation erhalten werden. Es ergeben sich auch die relativen Vorzeichen für die Kopplungskonstanten 1JPN, 2JPP, 2JNN und 3JPN.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19824900114
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  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Flüssig-Flüssig-Extraktion von Metallen mit vierzähligen Schiffschen Basen (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 490 (1982), S. 147-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Metals with Some Tetradentate Schiff BasesThe liquid-liquid extraction of copper(II), iron(III), nickel(II), cobalt(II), and zinc(II) with some tetradentate Schiff bases HO∩N∩N∩OH has been investigated. The extraction is strongly influenced by changing the size of the chelate ring. From slope analysis, the extracted species are found to be neutral complexes MII (O∩N∩N∩O) in the case of bivalent metal ions. Iron(III) forms chloride containing complexes in the organic phase. The complex behaviour of these Schiff bases in the solid state has been compared with the complex formation in solution.
    Notizen: Es wird über die Flüssig-Flüssig-Extraktion von Kupfer(II), Eisen(III), Nickel(II), Cobalt(II) und Zink(II) mit vierzähligen Schiffschen Basen HO∩N∩N∩OH berichtet. Der Extraktionsvorgang hängt stark von der Gestalt der gebildeten tricyclischen Komplexe ab. Im Falle der zweiwertigen Metallionen werden, wie die Slope-Analyse zeigt, die Chelate MII (O∩N∩N∩O) extrahiert. Eisen(III) bildet in der organischen Phase chloridhaltige Komplexe. Die Komplexbildung der Schiffschen Basen in Lösung wird mit der im festen Zustand verglichen.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19824900118
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Synthesen und IR-Spektren von [Br4Re≡N—BBr3]⊖ und [ReNBr4]⊖. Die Kristallstruktur von AsPh4[ReNBr4] (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 490 (1982), S. 175-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Syntheses and I.R. Spectra of [Br4Re≡N—BBr3]⊖ and [ReNBr4]⊖. Crystal Structure of AsPh4[ReNBr4]AsPh4[Br4Re≡N—BBr3] is obtained from AsPh4[ReNCl4] and excess boron tribromide, forming dark violet crystals, sensitive to moisture. Thermal cleavage at 210°C in vacuo yields red-orange AsPh4[ReNBr4]. According to the i.r. spectra the complex anions of both compounds contain ReN triple bonds; in [Br4Re≡N—BBr3]⊖ the sp-hybridised nitrogen is part of a linear bridge . The crystal structure of AsPh4[ReNBr4] was determined by aid of X-ray diffraction data (1 168 unique reflexions, R = 3.8%). The compound crystallises in the tetragonal space group P 4/n with two formula units per unit cell and the cell dimensions a = b = 1 290 pm and c = 795.4 pm. The anion [ReNBr4]⊖ has C4v symmetry with a bond angle NReBr of 103° and the ReN bond length (162 pm) corresponding to a triple bond.
    Notizen: AsPh4[Br4Re≡N—BBr3] wird aus AsPh4[ReNCl4] und überschüssigem Bortribromid in Form tiefvioletter, feuchtigkeitsempfindlicher Kristalle hergestellt. Durch thermischen Abbau im Vakuum bei 210°C entsteht rotoranges AsPh4[ReNBr4]. Nach den IR-Spektren enthalten die komplexen Anionen beider Verbindungen ReN-Dreifachbindungen; bei [Br4Re≡N—BBr3]⊖ liegt eine gestreckte Brücke vor mit sp-hybridisiertem Stickstoff. Die Kristallstrukturbestimmung von AsPh4[ReNBr4] wurde mit Hilfe von Röntgenbeugungsexperimenten bestimmt (1 168 unabhängige Reflexe, R = 3,8%). Die Verbindung kristallisiert in der tetragonalen Raumgruppe P 4/n mit zwei Formeleinheiten pro Elementarzelle und den Gitterabmessungen a = b = 1 290 pm, c = 795,4 pm. Das Anion [ReNBr4]⊖ hat C4v-Symmetrie; die ReN-Bindungslänge entspricht mit 162 pm einer Dreifachbindung, der Bindungswinkel NReBr beträgt 103°.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19824900122
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  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Magnetische Ordnungsphänomene in den Clusterverbindungen Ti7Cl16 und Ti7Br16 (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 490 (1982), S. 64-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Magnetic Ordering Phenomena in the Cluster Compounds Ti7Cl16 and Ti7Br16The magnetic susceptibilities of Ti7Cl16 and Ti7Br16 have been measured between 3.8 and 295 K by the Faraday method. The compounds show magnetic ordering points at 15.9 and 13.5 K, respectively. The determination of the oxidation states of the titanium ions and the exchange interactions between them is complicated by the fact that at room temperature competing antiferro-magnetic intra- and intercluster exchange interactions are already present. Calculations with simple models agree with the assumption that the compounds consist of Ti3 clusters with TiII and isolated TiIV ions.
    Notizen: Die magnetischen Suszeptibilitäten von Ti7Cl16 und Ti7Br16 sind mit Hilfe der Faraday-Methode zwischen 3,8 und 295 K bestimmt worden. Die Verbindungen zeigen magnetische Ordnungspunkte bei 15,9 bzw. 13,5 K. Komplikationen bei der Bestimmung der Oxidationsstufen der Titan-Ionen und der magnetischen Wechselwirkungen zwischen ihnen ergeben sich dadurch, daß bereits bei Raumtemperatur miteinander konkurrierende, überwiegend antiferromagnetische Intra- und Interclusterwechselwirkungen vorhanden sind. Modellrechnungen lassen darauf schließen, daß die Verbindungen entsprechend der Aufteilung “6 TiX2 · TiX4” aus Ti3-Clustern mit TiII- und isolierten TiIV-Ionen bestehen.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19824900109
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Beiträge zur Chemie des Phosphors. 115. Synthese und Eigenschaften des Tetraphospha-silaspiro-[2.2]pentans (PBut)2Si(PBut)2Professor Rudolf Hoppe zum 60. Geburtstage gewidmet (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 491 (1982), S. 27-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Contributions to the Chemistry of Phosphorus. 115. Synthesis and Properties of the Tetraphospha-silaspiro[2.2] pentane (PBut)2Si(PBut)2The first spirocyclic phosphorus-silicon three-membered ring compound, 1,2,4,5-tetra-tert-butyl-1,2,4,5-tetraphospha-3-silaspiro[2.2]pentane, (PBut)2Si(PBut)2 (1), has been synthesized by cyclocondensation of K(But)P—P(But)K with silicon tetrachloride in the molar ratio of 2:0.9. It was characterized by elemental analysis, cryoscopic molecular weight determination and its mass, magnetic resonance and vibrational spectra. 1 is formed as a mixture of two diastereomers 1a and 1b. These differ in the relative arrangement of the trans-oriented organyl substituents at the two three-membered rings; both isomers could be obtained in a pure state. The sterically less favoured isomer 1b rearranges into the comparatively more stable isomer 1a.
    Notizen: Die erste spirocyclische Phosphor-Silicium-Dreiringverbindung, das 1,2,4,5-Tetra-tert-butyl-1,2,4,5-tetraphospha-3-silaspiro[2.2]pentan, (PBut)2Si(PBut)2 (1), wurde durch Cyclokondensation von K(But)P—P(But)K mit Siliciumtetrachlorid im Molverhältnis 2:0,9 synthetisiert. Die Charakterisierung erfolgte durch Elementaranalyse, kryoskopische Molmasse-Bestimmung, Massen-, Kernresonanz- und Molekülschwingungsspektren. 1 entsteht als Gemisch von zwei Diastereomeren 1a und 1b, die sich in der Anordnung der jeweils trans-ständigen Organylgruppen beider Dreiringe zueinander unterscheiden; beide Isomere konnten rein erhalten werden. Das sterisch ungünstigere Isomer 1 b lagert sich in das vergleichsweise beständigere Isomer 1 a um.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19824910104
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  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Synthesis and structures of Sc7Cl12 and Zr6Cl15Dedicated to professor Rudolf Hoppe on his 60th birthday (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 491 (1982), S. 51-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The indicated nine-electron clusters of scandium and zirconium are formed in transport reactions at 880/900°C and 750/600°C, respectively. Sc7Cl12 (R¯3, a - 12.959(2), c - 8.825(2), Z - 3) can be described as c.c.p. Sc6Cl12 clusters with isolated metal atoms in all octahedral interstices or as Sc3+(Sc6Cl6iCl6i-a) 3- with Sc3+ in Cli octahedra between Sc6Cl123- sheets. Metal-metal distances within the cluster are 3.201-3.230(2) Å. Zr6Cl12iCl6/3a crystallizes in the Ta6Cl15 structure (Ia3d, a - 21.141(3) Å, Z - 16) with d(Zr—Zr) = 3,199-3.214(4) Å. Apparent residual electron density is found in the center of both clusters, amounting to Z∼7.6 (Sc) and ∼6 (Zr) based of refinement of oxygen in these positions. The effect is thought to probably arise from errors in the diffraction data rather than partial incorporation of light nonmetal atoms such as oxygen or fluorine. Observed metal-metal distances are compared with those in other clusters.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19824910108
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  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Recent developments in the field of high oxidation states of transition elements in oxides stabilization of Six-coordinated Iron(V)Dedicated to Professor Rudolf Hoppe on his 60th birthday (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 491 (1982), S. 60-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Neue Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet der hohen Oxydationsstufen der Übergangsmetalle in Oxiden. Stabilisierung des sechsfach-koordinierten Eisen(V)Eine Bestimmung der physikalischen Eigenschaften von Eisen, Cobalt, Nickel und Kupfer hoher Oxydationsstufen in Oxiden zeigt den Einfluß der chemischen Bindung und struktureller Faktoren auf die elektronische Konfiguration. Diese Zusammenhänge werden gezeigt bei der Synthese des ersten sechsfach-koordinierten Eisen(V)-oxids: La2LiFeO6.
    Notizen: An evaluation of the physical properties of iron, cobalt, nickel, and copper high oxidation states in oxides shows the influence of chemical bonding and structural factors on the electronic configuration. Such correlations are illustrated by the synthesis of the first six-coordinated iron(V) oxide: La2LiFeO6.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19824910109
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  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Thermisch stimulierte Lumineszenzerscheinungen. I Einfluß der Vorbehandlung von Kupferstaub und das Phänomen „Kontaktgedächtnis“Professor Rudolf Hoppe zum 60. Geburtstage gewidmet (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 491 (1982), S. 95-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Thermally Stimulated Luminescence Phenomena. I. Influence of Pretreatment of Copper Dust and the Phenomenon “Contact Memory”The thermally stimulated luminescence of so-called “copper dust” is strongly influenced by its pretreatment. Samples which have been cooled prior to measurement show lower energies and those which have been mechanically treated, irradiated or heated, show higher thermoluminescence energies than samples which have been stored normally. After removal of the samples from the metallic carrier and subsequent heating of the latter, the thermoluminescence energies are proportional to those found for the sample measured immediately before. This phenomenon is considered as “contact memory”. All results are interpreted according to the concept of the hierarchic order.
    Notizen: Die thermisch stimulierte Lumineszenz von sogenanntem “Kupferstaub” hängt von der Art der Vorbehandlung ab. Vorher gekühlt gewesene Proben zeigen geringere, verriebene, bestrahlte oder geglühte Proben höhere Werte als normal gelagerte. Nach Entfernung der Untersuchungssubstanz vom Probenträger wird beim Erwärmen abermals Thermolumineszenz beobachtet. Die dabei gemessene Energie ist derjenigen proportional, welche von der vorher aufgebracht gewesenen Untersuchungssubstanz gemessen wurde. Diese Erscheinung wird als “Kontaktgedächtnis” bezeichnet. Alle Beobachtungen werden unter Zuhilfenahme des hierarchischen Ordnungskonzeptes interpretiert.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19824910113
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Die Reaktion von Osmiumpentachlorid mit Trichloracetonitril Die Kristallstruktur von PPh4[Cl5Os(NC(CCl3)NCCl(CCl3))] · CH2Cl2 (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 490 (1982), S. 159-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Reaction of Osmium Pentachloride with Trichloro Acetonitrile. Crystal Structure of PPh4[Cl5Os(NC(CCl3)NCCl(CCl3))] · CH2Cl2.Osmium pentachloride reacts with excess trichloro acetonitrile in the presence of chlorine, forming Cl4OsVI(NC(CCl3)NCCl(CCl3))2 (= Cl4OsL2), an orange-red powder. According to the i.r. spectrum, the ligands L are coordinated to the osmium in trans-position. In the reaction with PPh4Cl, one of the ligands L is exchanged against chloride; the free ligand dissociates into two moles trichloro acetonitrile and half a mole chlorine. Excess boron tribromide turns Cl4OsL2 into Br4Os(NC(CCl3)NCBr(CCl3))2, which has a violet colour.A crystal structure determination of PPh4[Cl5OsV(NC(CCl3)NCCl(CCl3))] · CH2Cl2, which crystallizes triclinic in the space group P1 with two formula units per unit cell, was carried out with the aid of X-ray diffraction data (R = 0.091; 4 285 independent reflexions). The structure consists of tetraphenylphosphonium cations and anions [OsCl5L]⊖, in which the osmium atom is coordinated in a distorted octahedron by five CI ligands and one N atom of the ligand L. The Os—N bond length (197 pm) is slightly shorter than the expectation value of a 0s-N single bond; however there is a significant difference between the Os—CI bond lengths of the trans-positioned C1 atom (2.28 pm) and the equatorial C1 atoms (233 pm). The ligand Le is a product of dimerisation of two molecules of trichloro acetonitrile and the addition of one chloride ion. The frame atoms NCNCC form two planes almost perpendicular to each other, so that there is no overall resonance.
    Notizen: Osmiumpentachlorid reagiert mit überschüssigem Trichloracetonitril bei Anwesenheit von Chlor unter Bildung von Cl4OsVI(NC(CCl3)NCCl(CCl3))2 (=Cl4OsL2), einem orangeroten, kristallinen Pulver. Nach dem IR-Spektrum sind die Liganden L in trans-Position zueinander am Osmium orientiert. Durch Umsetzung mit PPh4Cl wird einer der Liganden L gegen Chlorid ausgetauscht; der freie Ligand L zerfällt dabei in zwei Mol Trichloracetonitril und ein halbes Mol Chlor. Mit überschüssigem Bortribromid läßt sich Cl4OsL2 in violettes Br4Os(NC(CCl3)NCBr(CCl3))2 überführen. Die IR-Spektren werden mitgeteilt.Nach der Kristallstrukturbestimmung mit Hilfe von Röntgenbeugungsdaten kristallisiert PPh4[Cl5OsV(NC(CCl3)NCCl(CCl3))] · CH2Cl2 triklin in der Raumgruppe P1 mit zwei Formeleinheiten pro Elementarzelle (R = 0,091; 4 285 unabhängige Reflexe). Die Struktur besteht aus Tetraphenylphosphoniumkationen und Anionen [OsCl5L]⊖, in denen das Osmiumatom verzerrt oktaedrisch von fünf Cl-Liganden und einem N-Atom des Liganden L umgeben ist. Die Os—N-Bindungslänge ist mit 197 pm etwas kürzer als der Erwartungswert für eine Einfachbindung; dennoch ist die Os—Cl-Bindungslänge des hierzu trans koordinierten Cl-Atoms mit 228 pm merklich kürzer als die Os—Cl-Abstände der äquatorialen Cl-Atome (233 pm). Die Ligandengruppe L⊖ folgt aus der Dimerisierung zweier Moleküle Trichloracetonitril und der Anlagerung eines Chloridions. Die Gerüstatome NCNCC bilden zwei zueinander nahezu senkrecht stehende Ebenen aus, so daß keine durchgehende Konjugation besteht.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19824900120
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Die Ammonolyse von Halogenokomplexen des vierwertigen Platins (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 490 (1982), S. 205-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Ammonolysis of Halogeno Complexes of Tetravalent PlatinumReactions of liquid ammonia and ammonium hexahalogenoplatinates(IV) at -40°C yield mixtures of halogenoammine complexes [Pt(NH3)6-nXn]X4-n (X = Cl, Br, I; n = 3, 2, 1, 0). Hexaammine platinum(IV) salts, [Pt(NH3)6]X4, may be isolated as main product only after several weeks of reaction. Interactions at room temperature of liquid ammonia and hexachloro or hexabromo complexes produce quantitatively the novel dinuclear di-m̈-amido-bis[tetraammineplatinum(IV)] complex, [(H3N)4Pt(NH2)2Pt(NH3)4]X6.By interaction of gaseous or liquid ammonia and subsequent addition of potassium amide solution in excess potassium hexaamido platinate(IV), K2[Pt(NH2)6], is formed in good yield.
    Notizen: Ammoniumhexahalogenoplatinate(IV), (NH4)2[PtX6], bilden mit flüssigem Ammoniak bei -40°C Gemische von Halogenoamminkomplexen [Pt(NH3)6-nXn]X4-x (X = Cl, Br, I; n = 3, 2, 1, 0) und nur nach einigen Wochen Reaktionszeit als Hauptprodukt den Hexamminplatin(IV)-Komplex, [Pt(NH3)6]X4. Die Einwirkung des flüssigen Ammoniaks bei Raumtemperatur auf Hexachloro- und Hexabromoplatinat führt zur quantitativen Bildung des bisher nicht beschriebenen zweikernigen Di-m̈-amido-bis[tetramminplatin(IV)]-Komplexes, [(H3N)4Pt(NH2)2Pt(NH3)4]X6.Läßt man auf die Halogenoplatinate zuerst Ammoniak, danach Kaliumamidlösung im Überschuß einwirken, erhält man in guter Ausbeute Kaliumhexaamidoplatinat, K2[Pt(NH2)6].
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19824900126
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Synthese und Charakterisierung von Hydroxyalkinpalladium(0)-Verbindungen (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 490 (1982), S. 141-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Synthesis and Characterization of Hydroxyacetylenepalladium(0) CompoundsComplexes of the general type L2Pd(acetylene) have been synthesized by reactions of L2PdCH2=CH2, Pd(dba)2/L, and PdL4 with selected symmetrical hydroxyacetylenes. The new compounds are investigated by several chemical reactions and their physical characteristics are assigned.
    Notizen: Durch Umsetzung von L2PdCH2=CH2, Pd(dba)2/L und PdL4 mit ausgewählten symmetrischen Hydroxyalkinen wurden Verbindungen des allgemeinen Typs L2Pd(alkin) dargestellt [L = P(C6H5)3, P(C6H11)3]Verwendete Abkürzungen: THF = Tetrahydrofuran, dba = Dibenzylidenaceton, L = Phosphinligand, ac = Acetat, M = Metall. Einige chemische Reaktionen sowie physikalische Eigenschaften dieser neuen Komplexe werden mitgeteilt.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19824900117
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 488 (1982) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19824880101
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