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  • 101
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Opposite effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) on sensorimotor gating in rats versus healthy humans (1999)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 143 (1999), S. 365-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Key words MDMA (3 ; 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) ; Serotonin ; Psychopathology ; Human ; Rat ; Prepulse inhibition ; Habituation ; Schizophrenia
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Rationale: Prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle refers to the reduction in the startle response when the startling stimulus is preceded by a weak prepulse stimulus. This phenomenon provides an operational measure of sensorimotor gating that has been found to be reduced in patients with schizophrenia and rats treated with serotonin agonists or serotonin releasers. Objective: In this study, we compared the effects of a serotonin releaser, MDMA, on prepulse inhibition in laboratory rats and healthy human volunteers. In particular, we investigated whether MDMA disrupts PPI in humans as observed in animal studies. Methods: Rats were tested after placebo and MDMA in a counterbalanced order at an interval of 1 week, with separate groups of rats being used for each dose of MDMA (1.7, 5.4 and 17.0 mg/kg). On each test day, rats were first tested after no injections and retested 2 h later, 10 min after a subcutaneous injection of placebo or MDMA. For the human study, a placebo-controlled within-subject design and double-blind procedures were used. Subjects were examined twice at a 2 to 4 week interval after either placebo or drug administration (order being counterbalanced). On each test day, subjects underwent baseline testing including psychological and PPI measures. Ninety minutes later, subjects received placebo or MDMA (1.7 mg/kg PO) and were retested after 75 min during the peak of behavioral effects of MDMA. Results: As expected, MDMA decreased prepulse inhibition in a dose-related fashion in rats. In contrast, a typical recreational dose of MDMA (1.7 mg/kg, orally) increased prepulse inhibition in subjects experiencing robust psychological effects. Conclusions: This surprising disparity between the effects of the drug in rats and humans may reflect a species-specific difference in the mechanism of action of MDMA or in the behavioral expression of a similar pharmacological effect, or both.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050960
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  • 102
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Involvement of the medial geniculate body in prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle (1999)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 141 (1999), S. 189-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Acoustic startle response ; Prepulse inhibition ; Sensorimotor gating ; Schizophrenia ; Medial geniculate body ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle is the normal reduction in startle response to an intense auditory stimulus when this stimulus is immediately preceded by a weaker prestimulus. Previous studies have shown that several neuroanatomical structures and pathways in the brain are involved in the modulation of prepulse inhibition. In the present study, the functional importance of the medial geniculate body (MG) in the modulation of prepulse inhibition was investigated. To this end, in vivo brain microdialysis probes were used to infuse drugs locally into the MG of awake, freely moving rats simultaneously with startle response and prepulse inhibition measurements in the same animals. Intrageniculate infusion of the sodium channel blocker, tetrodotoxin, significantly reduced prepulse inhibition without affecting baseline startle amplitude. A similar effect was obtained after intrageniculate infusion of the GABAB receptor agonist, baclofen. In addition, intrageniculate infusion of muscimol, an agonist at the GABAA receptor complex, reduced prepulse inhibition, although this effect was obtained at a higher concentration of the drug compared to that of baclofen. These studies suggest that the MG is involved in the modulation of prepulse inhibition and that auditory signals relayed via the MG may be subjected to inhibitory control at this level, involving GABA neurotransmission.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050824
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  • 103
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The GABAA receptor antagonist picrotoxin attenuates most sleep changes induced by progesterone (1999)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 141 (1999), S. 213-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Neurosteroids ; GABAA receptor ; Sleep ; EEG spectral analysis ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Progesterone has been shown to exert benzodiazepine-like effects on sleep, which suggests that they are mediated by an agonistic modulation of GABAA receptor functioning. To assess the involvement of GABAA receptors, we investigated the sleep responses to one dose of the GABAA antagonist picrotoxin (1.5 mg/kg) and progesterone (90 mg/kg), administered IP to eight rats alone and in combination, during the first 4 post-injection hours. Compared with vehicle, picrotoxin significantly delayed the latency to non-rapid eye movement sleep (non-REMS) and thereby decreased all sleep states, but barely affected the EEG activity within non-REMS. Progesterone significantly shortened non-REMS latency, increased pre-REMS, depressed low-frequency EEG activity (≤8 Hz) and augmented EEG activity in the higher frequencies within non-REMS. Except for the changes in high-frequency EEG activity, picrotoxin attenuated all effects of progesterone. These findings support the notion that GABAA receptors play an important role in the sleep effects of progesterone.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050827
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  • 104
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Unrestricted free-choice ethanol self-administration in rats causes long-term neuroadaptations in the nucleus accumbens and caudate putamen (1999)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 141 (1999), S. 307-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Ethanol ; Self-administration ; Dopamine ; Acetylcholine ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract In the present study, the reactivity of striatal dopamine and dopamine-sensitive neurons in superfused striatal slices of ethanol-experienced rats was compared to that of ethanol-naive rats, 3 weeks after oral ethanol self-administration. During the acquisition phase (17 days), rats were offered increasing concentrations of ethanol (from 2 to 10%, 24 h per day) on an alternate-day schedule in a free choice with water. Following 2 weeks of unrestricted 10% ethanol consumption, the highest and lowest drinkers (representing about 25% of the upper and lower extremes of the total population) were selected. Preliminary experiments revealed that both groups of rats displayed a profound increase in ethanol consumption and preference 3 weeks after cessation of ethanol self-administration (deprivation effect). This deprivation effect was associated with an increase in electrically evoked release of [3H]dopamine from superfused nucleus accumbens slices, whereas the evoked [3H]dopamine release from caudate putamen slices remained unchanged. In slices of the caudate putamen, but not in nucleus accumbens slices, postsynaptic dopamine D1 receptor-stimulated cyclic AMP production was also enhanced. In addition, prior ethanol consumption enhanced the electrically evoked release of [14C]acetylcholine release in both striatal regions. Interestingly, the magnitude of these long-term neuroadaptations correlated with the amount of daily ethanol consumption, i.e. neuronal hyperresponsiveness in the striatum was more profound in the high than in the low ethanol drinkers. These data show for the first time that unrestricted free-choice ethanol consumption in rats is associated with a long-term increase in dopaminergic and cholinergic neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens and caudate putamen. These (and other) neuroadaptations may underlie the enhanced motivation to self-administer ethanol and the maintenance of ethanol consumption long after deprivation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050838
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  • 105
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxytocin as a possible mediator of SSRI-induced antidepressant effects (1999)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 142 (1999), S. 95-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Oxytocin ; SSRIs ; Depression ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The nonapeptide oxytocin is released into systemic circulation in situations of psychosocial interaction, and has been shown to be involved in mechanisms of social bonding and social recognition in laboratory studies. In view of disturbances in psychosocial relationships being a triggering factor for depression and anxiety, it is interesting to note that experimental studies have shown oxytocin to possess antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like actions. Thus, in the present study we examined effects of the SSRI citalopram (20 mg/kg IP) on plasma oxytocin, acutely and upon repeated administration, in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Plasma oxytocin, and some functionally related peptides (CCK, gastrin, somatostatin and insulin), were measured by standard radioimmunoassay techniques. Acute citalopram administration produced a statistically significant increase in plasma oxytocin and CCK levels. Administration of citalopram for 14 days did not attenuate the oxytocin-releasing effect to a challenge dose of the SSRI zimeldine (20 mg/kg SC), whereas CCK levels were not increased after the subchronic citalopram treatment. Thus, the SSRI citalopram produces increased plasma oxytocin levels acutely, and there appears to be no or little tolerance to this effect upon repeated administration. There were no, or variable, effects on plasma levels of gastrin, somatostatin or insulin. It is suggested that oxytocin release is an important aspect of the pharmacological actions of SSRIs, and this could be an important contributory factor for the clinical profile of this group of antidepressants with particular efficacy in disorders of psychosocial origin.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050867
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  • 106
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Antinociceptive effects of opioids following acute and chronic administration of butorphanol: influence of stimulus intensity and relative efficacy at the mu receptor (1999)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 143 (1999), S. 261-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Antinociception ; Butorphanol ; Relative efficacy ; Opioid ; Rat ; Stimulus intensity ; Tolerance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract   Rationale: A common treatment strategy for the management of severe pain involves the co-administration of multiple opioid analgesics. Due to the increasing popularity of this practice, it is becoming increasingly important to understand the interactions between clinically employed opioids under a wide range of conditions. Objective: The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the effects of opioid combinations following acute and chronic administration of the low-efficacy mu-opioid butorphanol, and to determine if the effects of these combinations are modulated by the intensity of the nociceptive stimulus. Methods: In a warm-water, tail-withdrawal procedure, rats were restrained and the latencies to remove their tails from 50°C (low temperature) and 55°C (high temperature) water were measured following both acute and chronic administration of butorphanol. Opioids possessing both high (etorphine, levorphanol, morphine) and low [dezocine, (–)-pentazocine, nalbuphine] relative efficacy at the mu receptor were examined. Results: Under acute conditions, etorphine, levorphanol, morphine and dezocine increased tail-withdrawal latencies at both low and high temperatures, whereas (–)-pentazocine, nalbuphine and butorphanol increased latencies only at the low temperature. A dose of 30 mg/kg butorphanol increased the effects produced by these opioids at the low temperature, but antagonized the effects of etorphine, levorphanol, morphine and dezocine at the high temperature. During chronic treatment with 30 mg/kg per day butorphanol, tolerance was conferred to the antinociceptive effects of all the opioids examined, with greater degrees of tolerance conferred to those opioids possessing low efficacy at the mu receptor. During butorphanol treatment, etorphine, levorphanol and morphine increased tail-withdrawal latencies at both water temperatures, dezocine increased latencies at only the low temperature, and (–)-pentazocine, nalbuphine and butorphanol failed to increase latencies at either temperature. A dose of 30 mg/kg butorphanol antagonized the antinociceptive effects of etorphine, levorphanol, morphine and dezocine during chronic treatment, and these effects were observed at both water temperatures. Conclusions: These findings indicate that the interactions between butorphanol and other mu opioids vary quantitatively between low and high stimulus intensities, and between acute and chronic conditions. In most instances, however, these interactions can be predicted from the effects of the drugs when administered alone.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050945
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  • 107
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Noradrenergic modulation of the discriminative-stimulus effects of methamphetamine in rats (1999)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 143 (1999), S. 293-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Methamphetamine ; Drug discrimination ; Norepinephrine ; Desipramine ; Nisoxetine ; Isoproterenol ; Propranolol ; Methoxamine ; Prazosin ; Clonidine ; Yohimbine ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract   Rationale:Neurochemical and clinical studies indicate involvement of noradrenergic (NE) neurotransmitter system in the actions of methamphetamine. Objective:The present study investigated NE involvement in the discriminative-stimulus effects of methamphetamine. Methods:In Sprague-Dawley rats trained to discriminate 1.0 mg/kg methamphetamine, IP, from saline under a fixed-ratio schedule of food presentation, effects of various NE agonists, antagonists and uptake inhibitors were tested. Results: Desipramine (3.0–18.0 mg/kg) and nisoxetine (5.6–30.0 mg/kg), two selective NE-uptake inhibitors, did not significantly generalize to methamphetamine when administered alone, but 5.6 mg/kg desipramine and 10.0 mg/kg nisoxetine significantly shifted the methamphetamine dose-response curve to the left. The beta NE agonist, isoproterenol (0.56–3.0 mg/kg), and antagonist, propranolol (1.0–18.0 mg/kg), neither generalized to methamphetamine when given alone nor altered the discriminative-stimulus effects of methamphetamine when administered in combination. The alpha-1 NE agonist methoxamine (1.0–5.6 mg/kg) failed to generalize to the methamphetamine training stimulus. When given in combination with methamphetamine, the alpha-1 NE antagonist, prazosin (1.0 mg/kg), shifted the methamphetamine dose-response curve somewhat to the right and partially blocked the discriminative-stimulus effects of the 1.0 mg/kg training dose of methamphetamine, but these changes were not significant or dose-related, with further increases in prazosin dose (1.8–10.0 mg/kg) either producing similar or smaller changes. The alpha-2 NE agonist, clonidine, partially generalized to methamphetamine at doses of 0.1–0.18 mg/kg and increased drug-appropriate responding at lower doses of methamphetamine, but it partially blocked the discriminative-stimulus effects of higher 0.56–1.0 mg/kg doses of methamphetamine over the same dose range. The alpha-2 NE antagonist, yohimbine, also partially generalized to methamphetamine and blocked the discriminative-stimulus effects of the 1.0 mg/kg training dose of methamphetamine at doses of 5.6–10.0 mg/kg. A lower 3.0 mg/kg dose of yohimbine increased methamphetamine-appropriate responding when given together with low 0.1–0.3 mg/kg doses of methamphetamine. Conclusions:The present data suggest that the NE system plays a modulatory role in the discriminative-stimulus effects of methamphetamine. These effects appear to be mediated through NE uptake sites and alpha-2 receptors, with limited involvement of alpha-1 receptors and beta receptors.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050950
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  • 108
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The pharmacology of impulsive behaviour in rats VI: the effects of ethanol and selective serotonergic drugs on response choice with varying delays of reinforcement (1999)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 146 (1999), S. 413-421 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Ethanol ; Serotonin ; Delayed reinforcement ; Self-control ; Impulsivity ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  Rationale: Tolerance to delay of reinforcement has been proposed as an important facet of self-control in both animals and man. Poor self-control, leading to impulsive behaviour, can be a major problem if it reaches pathological levels. Objectives: The effects of five serotonergic drugs were compared to those of ethanol on a procedure for measuring tolerance to delay of reinforcement in rats in order to elucidate further the role of the serotonin systems in the regulation of impulsive behaviour. Methods: Rats were trained to choose between a single food pellet (small reinforcer) delivered immediately or five food pellets (large reinforcer) delivered after programmed delays. At the start of each session, there was no delay between the response and delivery of the large reinforcer, but this was increased stepwise during the session to delays of 10, 20, 40 and 60 s. Results: The rats showed consistent preference for the larger reinforcer when it was not delayed but showed a shift in preference as the session continued, so that they preferred the small reinforcer when the large was delayed by 40 or 60 s. Ethanol at a dose of 1.0 g/kg produced a significance increase in preference for the small, immediate reinforcer throughout the session, although there were marked individual differences in the size of the effect. A similar, but somewhat smaller effect was seen with the 5-HT2 agonist, DOI, at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg. In contrast, the 5-HT1A agonist, 8-OH-DPAT (0.3 mg/kg) reduced preference for the large reinforcer at the start of the session, and reduced preference for the small reinforcer at the end of the session, i.e. produced a regression to indifference. Lower doses of these three drugs, and treatment with the 5-HT receptor subtype selective antagonists WAY-100635 (5-HT1A: 0.01–0.1 mg/kg), ritanserin (5-HT2: 0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg) and MDL-72222 (5-HT3: 1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg) had no significant effects on reinforcer choice. Conclusion: These data show that ethanol and DOI increase preference for the immediate reinforcer, which can be construed as evidence of an increase in impulsive behaviour (reduction in self control), whereas selective blockade of the 5-HT1A, 5-HT2 or 5-HT3 receptors using selective antagonists does not affect self-control.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00005486
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  • 109
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Heroin self-administration in dependent Wistar rats: increased sensitivity to naloxone (1999)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 144 (1999), S. 111-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Heroin ; Self-administration ; Dependence ; Naloxone ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract   Rationale: Non-dependent and dependent opiate users appear to be driven by two distinct motivational factors: the primary reinforcing properties of the drug, and the negative reinforcing effects associated with relieving the negative affective component of opiate withdrawal in the dependent state. Objective: To investigate the motivational significance of opioid dependence on heroin self-administration (HSA) in rodents. Methods: Rats were trained to self-administer heroin intravenously (0.06 mg/kg per infusion; FR1), and opiate dependence was induced by subcutaneous implantation of two morphine (75 mg base) pellets.Rats in a non-dependent control group received placebo pellets. Three days after pellet implantation, HSA was resumed in daily 3-h sessions until baseline criteria were met and testing was conducted with subcutaneous injections of vehicle or naloxone (0, 0.003, 0.01, 0.03 mg/kg) 115 min into the session. Results: Morphine-dependent rats significantly increased HSA upon 0.01 mg/kg naloxone treatment, but decreased response rates at 0.03 mg/kg. Placebo pellet-implanted rats increased heroin intake at the 0.01 and 0.03 mg/kg doses. In a second experiment, the HSA session was shortened to 1 h and the training dose reduced to 0.03 mg/kg per infusion in new groups of animals. HSA in placebo pellet-implanted rats was increased only following the highest dose of the antagonist, while dependent rats were still affected by naloxone doses of 0.003–0.03 mg/kg. When subjected to a progressive-ratio schedule (experiment 3), breaking point values in dependent animals were 198% above baseline. Conclusions: The present study supports the hypothesis that dependence-induction by morphine-pellet implant in rats resulted in increased sensitivity to very small naloxone doses, as measured by changes in HSA. Taken together, these data suggest that opiate dependence, as measured by changes in sensitivity to naloxone, is a continuum which can contribute to the motivational state of drug-seeking.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050983
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  • 110
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Inelastic demand for alcohol in rats (1999)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 144 (1999), S. 213-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Alcohol ; Self-administration ; Animal model ; Behavioral economics ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract   Rationale: For the purpose of investigating the determinants of preference for alcohol, it would be advantageous to use a procedure in which the subjects had concurrent access to alcohol and an isocaloric food. However, in widely used animal models, the introduction of a weak sucrose solution markedly reduced alcohol consumption. In contrast, when alcohol was sweetened, rats defended high baseline levels of alcohol intake despite access to chow, 10% sucrose, and increases in body weight that markedly reduced food consumption. Under these conditions, certain pharmacological treatments selectively reduced alcohol consumption. The present experiment further tests the generality of the contrast between food and sweetened alcohol consumption in rats. Objective: To test if rats will defend baseline levels of alcohol consumption when (1) the competing reinforcer is an isocaloric, preferred food and (2) when the cost of defending alcohol entails a decrease in food consumption as well as an increase in response output. Methods: The rats had access to a 10% alcohol plus 0.25% saccharin solution and an isocaloric, 14.8% Polycose solution in a two-lever, choice procedure. In the initial condition, the response requirement for each drink was set at five responses (variable-ratio 5); in subsequent conditions the variable-ratio values were increased to 7.5, 10, 15, and 30 responses. Results: In the initial condition, the rats drank twice as much Polycose as alcohol. However, with increases in the variable-ratio requirements, Polycose consumption systematically decreased, whereas sweetened alcohol consumption remained at its baseline level or above in all but the variable-ratio 30 condition. Conclusions: Rats defended baseline alcohol consumption but not baseline food consumption. As alcohol and food consumption can be dissociated in humans, research on the mechanisms that mediate alcohol regulated preference in rats may shed light on the mechanisms that control human alcohol consumption.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050996
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  • 111
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Selective attenuation of the antinociceptive effects of μ opioids by the putative dopamine D3 agonist 7-OH-DPAT (1999)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 144 (1999), S. 239-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Dezocine ; Morphine ; 7-OH-DPAT ; Quinpirole ; SKF38393 ; SCH23390 ; Rat ; Warm-water tail-withdrawal ; Antinociception
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Rationale: The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate the effects of the D3 agonist (±)-7-hydroxy-dipropylaminotetralin (7-OH-DPAT), various dopamine (DA) agonists and DA antagonists on the antinociceptive effects of μ opioids. Methods: Antinociception was assessed using a warm-water tail-withdrawal procedure in rats. Results: The μ opioids morphine (0.3–10 mg/kg) and dezocine (0.03–3.0 mg/kg) produced dose-dependent increases in antinociception with maximal effects obtained at the higher doses tested. Pretreatment with the putative D3 agonist 7-OH-DPAT (1.0–10 mg/kg) produced a dose-dependent attenuation of the antinociceptive effects of morphine and dezocine. At the highest dose of 7-OH-DPAT tested, the morphine dose-effect curve was shifted rightward by approximately 1.5 log units and the dezocine curve by greater than 2.3 log units. The (+)-isomer of 7-OH-DPAT (1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg) also shifted the morphine dose-effect curve to the right in a dose-dependent manner. The DA D3/D2 agonist (−)-quinpirole (0.1–10 mg/kg) attenuated the effects of morphine, but these effects were small in magnitude, not dose-dependent and observed only under a limited set of conditions. The DA D2/D3 antagonist spiperone failed to alter the morphine dose-effect curve, but reversed the effects of 7-OH-DPAT on morphine antinociception. Pretreatment with the DA D1 agonist (±)-SKF38393 (1.0 and 10 mg/kg) and the D1 antagonist (+)-SCH23390 (0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg) failed to alter the morphine dose-effect curve. Conclusion: The finding that 7-OH-DPAT markedly attenuated the effects of morphine and that these effects were reversed with spiperone suggests that activity at the D3, and possibly the D2, receptor can modulate μ agonist-induced antinociception.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050999
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  • 112
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of sedatives on noradrenaline release from the medial prefrontal cortex in rats (1999)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 146 (1999), S. 335-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Key words GABAA receptor ; Propofol ; Midazolam ; NMDA receptor ; Ketamine ; Noradrenaline ; Medial prefrontal cortex ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  Rationale: N-Methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonism and GABAA receptor activation are believed to be critical targets for general anesthetic action. However, as NMDA antagonism of intravenous anesthetic agents causes post-anesthetic emergence reactions such as hallucination and agitation, while the GABAA-mimetic intravenous anesthetic agents do not, these two classes of intravenous anesthetic agents produce differential clinical profiles. Objective: We have investigated the differential effects of the GABAA agonists propofol and midazolam and the NMDA antagonist ketamine on noradrenaline release from the medial prefrontal cortex of the rat using microdialysis, as noradrenergic neurons have a role to play in anesthesia and are known to be important in the control of sleep, attention and learning. Methods: Twenty-one male Wistar rats (200– 270 g) were randomly allocated into three groups: ketamine 100 mg.kg–1 (n=6), propofol 60 mg.kg–1 (n=8) and midazolam 5 mg.kg–1 (n=7) IP. A unilateral guide cannula was implanted stereotaxically into the medial prefrontal cortex under pentobarbital anesthesia (50 mg.kg–1 IP). Forty-eight hours later, a dialysis probe was inserted through the guide cannula, and perfused with an artificial cerebrospinal fluid solution containing 1 mM pargyline. Following an equilibration period, samples of dialysate were collected every 10 min. Noradrenaline content was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography using an electrochemical detector. Results: Anesthesia times, defined as the duration between the loss of righting reflex and recovery, were 24.7±5.6 (SEM), 20.5±1.9 and 25.2±1.5 min for propofol, midazolam and ketamine, respectively (no significant between-group differences). Both GABAA agonists, propofol and midazolam, significantly decreased noradrenaline release (75% and 71% of basal release, respectively). The NMDA antagonist ketamine markedly increased noradrenaline release (413% of basal). Conclusion: These data suggest that different clinical profiles observed with these two classes of sedatives may result from changes in noradrenaline release from the medial prefrontal cortex.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130051125
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  • 113
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Serotonin and tolerance to delay of reward in rats (1999)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 146 (1999), S. 400-412 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Benzodiazepine ; Delay of reward ; Impulse control ; Muscimol ; pCPA ; Rat ; Serotonin ; Serotonin reuptake inhibitors ; 5-HT1A receptor ligands ; 5,7-DHT
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  Rationale: Tolerance to delay of gratification, taken to reflect impulsiveness, has been proposed to be under the preferential control of central serotonin (5-HT) processes. Objective: The present study further examined the effects of drugs which directly or indirectly alter 5-HT transmission, on behaviour controlled by a delayed positive reinforcer. Methods: Rats were given the choice in a T-maze between two magnitudes of reward: small (two food pellets) and immediate versus large (ten pellets) but delayed. When a 15-s waiting period was imposed in the arm leading to the large reward, rats selected this arm on 65–70% of the trials. This frequency was reduced to less than 40% when the large reward was delayed by 25 s. Results: In rats whose ascending 5-HT pathways had been lesioned by infusion of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) into the dorsal raphe, the introduction of the 15-s delay contingency resulted in a transient larger reduction of the frequency of choice of the now-delayed reward, compared to sham operated controls. In contrast, choice behaviour of rats given 5,7-DHT into the substantia nigra did not differ from controls. para-Chlorophenylalanine (pCPA, 150 mg/kg IP, daily for 3 days), a 5-HT synthesis inhibitor, bretazenil (0.5-8 mg/kg IP), a benzodiazepine (BZD) receptor partial agonist, and muscimol (0.25-1 mg/kg IP), a GABAA receptor agonist, induced a shift toward immediate reward. In contrast to the other BZDs, alprazolam (1–2 mg/kg IP) enhanced the frequency of choice of the large-but-25 s-delayed reward. Similar increased preference for the large-but-delayed reward was induced by the selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitors, fluoxetine (4–8 mg/kg IP) and fluvoxamine (4 mg/kg IP). The full 5-HT1A receptor agonist, 8-OH-DPAT (0.015–0.5 mg/kg IP) enhanced the frequency of choice of the large reward delayed by 25 s, whereas the partial agonists, buspirone (1–4 mg/kg IP), ipsapirone (0.5–1 mg/kg IP) and MDL 73005EF (1–2 mg/kg SC), and the antagonist, WAY 100635 (4 mg/kg SC), reduced the number of choices of the large reward delayed by 15 s. Unexpectedly, WAY 100635 (2 mg/kg), which had no effect on choice whatever the delay, did not counteract the increased tolerance to delay induced by 8-OH-DPAT (0.06 mg/kg) and further reduced the frequency of choice of the large-but- 15 s-delayed reward induced by ipsapirone (0.5 mg/kg). Conclusions: These effects on tolerance to delay may be accounted for by a subtle balance between the opposing functional consequences of pre- versus post-synaptic 5-HT1A receptor activation or blockade. Overall, the present results provide further support to the idea that 5-HT processes participate in the control of impulsive-related behaviour, as assessed from tolerance to delay of reward in this particular T-maze procedure.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00005485
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  • 114
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of methamphetamine on the adjusting amount procedure, a model of impulsive behavior in rats (1999)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 146 (1999), S. 432-439 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Impulsivity ; Choice ; Delay ; Methamphetamine ; Drug abuse ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  Rationale: Moderate doses of d-amphetamine (given both acutely and chronically) have been shown to decrease impulsivity in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to improve attention and learning in normal adults. In contrast, chronic doses of methamphetamine (METH) in drug abusers have been associated with increased impulsivity, and impairments in learning and attention. Objectives: We report the effects of METH on an animal model of impulsive behavior. Methods: Rats were tested using the adjusting amount (AdjAmt) procedure in which the animals choose between a delayed fixed (large) amount of water and an immediate adjusting (small) amount of water. In the acute METH study, rats were given a single dose of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mg/kg METH or saline 30 min before testing. In the chronic METH study, we determined the effects of the 4.0 mg/kg dose of METH injected chronically 1 h after behavioral testing for 14 days. Thus the rats were tested using the AdjAmt procedure 22 h after injections of METH or saline. Results: After 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg METH, the rats valued the delayed large rewards more than after saline, indicating that the METH decreased impulsiveness. At the 4.0 mg/kg dose, the rats failed to respond. Rats treated repeatedly with the post-session large behaviorally disruptive dose of METH valued the delayed large rewards less than the saline-treated rats, indicating that this dosing regimen of METH increased impulsiveness. Conclusions: In these experiments, the rats became less impulsive after acute non-disruptive doses of pre-session METH, whereas they became more impulsive after receiving repeated post-session injections of a dose that was behaviorally disruptive when administered acutely.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00005488
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  • 115
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Different manifestations of Toxoplasma gondii infection in F344 and LEW rats (1999)
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 187 (1999), S. 137-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Schlagwort(e): Key wordsToxoplasma gondii ; Toxoplasmosis ; Rat ; Animal model
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract There is evidence that not only the immune status, but also the genetic predisposition of certain hosts influence the clinical outcome of Toxoplasma gondii infection. By far the majority of our knowledge on genetic and immunological mechanisms involved in control of T. gondii infection has been obtained by studying mouse models, which in terms of clinical outcome of infection differ considerably from humans. Rats which show a rather similar course of infection in comparison to humans have not so far been investigated for effects of genetic differences on course of the infection. In this study we show that, like mice, different strains of rats exhibit a remarkable variation in the number of brain cysts arising from chronic infection. LEW rats seem to be highly resistant to cyst formation, in contrast to F344 rats that are susceptible. In addition, F344 rats express high numbers of γδ T cells during the acute phase of infection, whereas LEW rats express elevated but comparably low numbers of γδ T cells. The RT1 (rat MHC) haplotypes of both strains are identical in the RT1A and RT1B/D regions, which encode the restriction elements for conventional peptide antigens. Consequently, rat strain-specific differences may be useful to define MHC-independent mechanisms of resistance against T. gondii, which may also act in humans.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004300050085
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  • 116
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effect of cadmium on visual evoked potentials in alloxane-induced diabetic rats: relation to lipid peroxidation (1999)
    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 36 (1999), S. 197-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Cadmium ; Diabetes ; VEP ; TBARS ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Fifty-two healthy male Swiss albino rats, aged three months, were used in this study. They were divided into four groups: control (c), diabetic (D), cadmium (Cd), and diabetic + Cd (D+Cd). A diabetic condition was induced in D and D + Cd groups by administration of alloxane (5 mg/100 g). After this treatment, Cd and D + Cd groups were injected intraperitoneally with CdCl2 (2 mg/kg week). At the end of the 2-month experimental period, flash visual evoked potentials (FVEPs) of the four groups were recorded with disk electrodes attached with electrode paste 0.5 cm in front of and behind the bregma. The mean latencies off the P1, N1, P2, N2 and P3 components were significantly prolonged in the diabetic group compared with the control group. The mean latencies of P3 in the D + Cd group and of P1 and P3 in the Cd group were longer than those of the control group. P2N2 amplitude of Cd and D + Cd groups were significantly increased compared with the control group. On the other hand, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) were determined as an indicator of lipid peroxidation. Our data showed that Cd treatment and diabetic condition caused a significant increase of lipid peroxidation in kidney, brain, retina and lens.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005920050167
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  • 117
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Intimal-type primary sarcoma of the aorta (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 435 (1999), S. 62-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Rhabdomyosarcoma ; Aorta ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  We report an intimal sarcoma presenting as an aortic aneurysm. A 68-year-old man suffered from chest pain and speech disturbance. Computed tomography showed a sacciform aneurysm of the aorta, which was resected, revealing a polypoid tumour measuring 1.5×2×2.5 cm projecting into the lumen. This proved to be a poorly differentiated high-grade sarcoma having morphological, immunophenotypic and ultrastructural features consistent with rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation. Primary sarcomas of the aorta are extremely rare. Many cases have been diagnosed as ”intimal” on the basis of their site of origin, and they are not easy to classify from their histological pattern. Electron microscopy and the use of a more comprehensive panel of immunohistochemical markers should be applied in the histological classification of ”intimal” sarcoma.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050396
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  • 118
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Deoxyspergualin delays xenograft rejection in the guinea pig-to-C6-deficient rat heart transplantation model (1999)
    Springer
    Transplant international 12 (1999), S. 415-422 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2277
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Xenotransplantation ; 15-deoxyspergualin ; Guinea pig ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract This study aimed to investigate the effects of 15-deoxyspergualin (DSG), tacrolimus (FK 506) and cyclosporin A (CyA), alone or in combination, on delayed xenograft rejection (DXR). We used the guinea-pig-to-C6-deficient (C6–)-PVG-rat heart transplantation model, since in this strain combination, hyperacute rejection is avoided. In C6- control rats, the guinea pig xenografts survived for 39.2 ± 6.3 h (mean ± SD). Splenectomy alone resulted in a xenograft survival of 71.8 ± 7.8 h, but the addition of CyA or FK 506 did not further improve graft survival (73.6 ± 3.0 h and 72.0 ± 17.6 h, respectively). In contrast, DSG treatment increased graft survival to a mean of 99.8 ± 9.2 h. When CyA or FK 506 was combined with DSG, no additional effects were observed (105 ± 24.3 h and 95.1 ± 5.6 h, respectively). DSG alone or in combination with FK 506 or CyA resulted in a significant reduction in the serum IgM levels and reduced the deposits of IgM and IgG in rejected grafts. However, all xenografts were still heavily infiltrated by ED1 + macrophages, regardless of the treatment used. Thus, DSG treatment resulted in moderate prolongation of xenograft survival in C6– rats. The effect seems to be related to suppression of xenoreactive antibody production. To prolong xenograft survival further, strategies that inhibit macrophage infiltration seem required.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001470050251
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  • 119
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cytokine-induced conversion of mesencephalic-derived progenitor cells into dopamine neurons (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 296 (1999), S. 235-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Transplantation ; Parkinson’s disease ; CNS fetal development ; CNS differentiation ; Neurotrophic factors ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We have previously shown that a combination of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-1, IL-11, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) can convert rat fetal (E14.5) mesencephalic progenitor cells into tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-immunoreactive (ir) neurons in vitro. The experiments described here characterize the mesencephalic progenitor cells and their cytokine-induced conversion into dopamine (DA) neurons. For all experiments, we used bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-ir cultures of (E14.5) mesencephalic progenitor cells that had been expanded at least 21 days. We first demonstrated that IL-1 induced DA neuron conversion in mesencephalic progenitors, but not in striatal progenitors (P〈0.001). Thus, these cells should be classified as lineage-restricted progenitors, and not omnipotent stem cells. To further characterize cell populations in these cultures, we used monoclonal antibodies against Hu (an early marker for neurons), growth-associated protein (GAP)-43 (a marker for neuronal process extension), TH (a marker for DA neurons), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP, a marker for astrocytes). We assessed (E14.5) mesencephalic progenitor cell cultures (plated at 125,000 cells/cm2) incubated in the cytokine mixture (described above) or in complete media (CM, negative control). Following 7 days incubation, GFAP-positive cells formed a nearly confluent carpet in both types of cultures. However, numbers of Hu-ir and GAP-43-ir cells in the cytokine-incubated cultures far exceeded those in CM-incubated controls (P=0.0003, P=0.0001, respectively), while numbers of TH-ir cells were 58-fold greater in the cytokine-incubated cultures versus CM-incubated controls. The TH phenotype persisted for 7 days following withdrawal of the differentiation media. Numerous double-labeled cells that were BrdU-ir and also TH-ir, or Hu-ir and also TH-ir, were observed in the cytokine-incubated cultures. These data suggest that cytokines ”drive” the conversion of progenitor cells into DA neurons.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051285
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  • 120
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Isograft and xenograft of the subcommissural organ into the lateral ventricle of the rat and the formation of Reissner’s fiber (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 296 (1999), S. 457-469 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Subcommissural organ ; Isograft ; Xenograft ; Reissner’s fiber ; Cerebrospinal fluid ; Rat ; Bovine
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  The subcommissural organ (SCO) secretes glycoproteins into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that aggregate and form Reissner’s fiber (RF). The factors involved in this aggregation are not known. One factor may be the hydrodynamics of the CSF when flowing through the aqueduct. This hypothesis was tested by isografting rat SCO and xenografting bovine SCO into the lateral ventricle of rats. Xenografts were either fresh bovine SCO or explants cultured for 30 days before transplantation. The grafts were investigated by electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry using antibodies against RF glycoproteins, serotonin and the glucose transporter I. Maximal time of transplantation was 43 days for isografts and 14 days for xenografts. The isografts were not reinnervated but were revascularized; they secreted into the ventricle RF glycoproteins that became progressively packed into pre-RF and RF structures identical to those formed by the SCO in situ. RF was confined to the host ventricle and at its distal end the constituent proteins disassembled. Xenografts were neither reinnervated nor revascularized and secreted into the host ventricle a material that never formed an RF. These findings indicate that the CSF factor responsible for the formation of RF is species specific, and that this process does not depend on the hydrodynamics of the CSF. The blood vessels revascularizing the isografted SCO acquired the characteristics of the vessels irrigating the SCO in situ, namely, a tight endothelium displaying glucose transporter I, and a perivascular space containing long-spacing collagen, thus indicating that basal release of glycoproteins may also occur in the grafted SCO.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051306
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  • 121
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Types, numbers and distribution of synapses on the dendritic tree of an identified visual interneuron in the brain of the locust (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 296 (1999), S. 645-665 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Descending contralateral movement detector (DCMD) ; Identified neuron ; Vesicles ; Electron microscopy ; 3-D reconstruction ; Locust ; Schistocercagregaria (Insecta)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  The descending contralateral movement detector (DCMD), an identified descending interneuron in the brain of the locust Schistocerca gregaria has been investigated by using light and electron microscopy. We describe the fine structure, distribution and numbers of synapes that it receives from another identified brain neuron, the lobular giant movement detector (LGMD), and from unidentified neurons. The DCMD dendrites emerging from the integrative segment vary in form and number between individuals and sexes but always form a flattened dendritic domain. The arborizations and the integrative segment appear to be exclusively postsynaptic. Two types of synaptic contacts (Type 1 and 2) onto the DCMD can be discerned as having either round (Type 1) or pleiomorphic synaptic vesicles (Type 2) and by large (Type 1) or small (Type 2) subsynaptic appositions. Contact zones of Type 1 synapses are smaller than those of Type 2. LGMD-synapses are of Type 1 and occur intermingled with presynaptic sites of unidentified units. Some branches of the DCMD receiving input from unidentified units are devoid of contacting LGMD processes. Synapses of both types are randomly distributed over the DCMD integrative segment and at fibres with similar sizes.Type 1 synapses are much more frequent than Type 2 synapses and their number is negatively correlated with fibre diameter. For a whole DCMD dendritic arborization, a total of 8500 active zones of chemical synapses has been calculated, including a mininum of 2250 LGMD-synapses and about 1000 Type 2 synapses. The DCMD may thus receive a considerable amount of input from as yet unidentified neurons.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051325
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  • 122
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Metaphase-specific cell death in meiotic spermatocytes in mice (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 296 (1999), S. 359-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Apoptosis ; Electron microscopy ; Meiosis ; Spermatocytes ; Spermatogenesis ; Testis ; TUNEL ; Mouse (10 strains)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  Apoptosis of male germ cells is a widespread but little-understood phenomenon in many animal species. The elucidation of its mechanisms could be useful in the understanding of male infertility. We have examined the distribution of dying cells with the terminal transferase-mediated nick-end labeling (TUNEL) method and by an electron-microscopic procedure in the testes of 10 mouse strains, viz., C57BL/10 (B10), SL/NiA (SL), C57BL/6 (B6), C3H/He (C3H), BALB/c (BALB), DBA2 (DBA), CBA/J (CBA), MRL/MpJ-+/+ (M+), MRL/MpJ-lpr/lpr (lpr), and wild-type NJL mice (Mus musculus musculus). In the testes of the B10, NJL, SL, B6, C3H, BALB, DBA, and CBA mice, very few TUNEL-positive cells are distributed in the seminiferous tubules, whereas in the testes of the M+ and lpr mice, many TUNEL-positive cells, which are restricted to stage XII seminiferous tubules, have been identified. The most important finding is that many metaphases of meiotic spermatocytes show a marked TUNEL-positive reaction. Some metaphases show apoptotic morphology electron-microscopically. These results suggest that the testes of MRL strains will provide a useful model for the study of the mechanism of metaphase-specific apoptosis in meiotic spermatocytes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051296
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  • 123
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Axonal and dendritic transport in Purkinje cells of cerebellar slice cultures studied by microinjection of horseradish peroxidase (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 295 (1999), S. 55-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Axonal transport ; Purkinje cell ; Organotypic culture ; Microinjection ; Antimitotic drugs ; Cytoskeleton ; Dendritic transport ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Axonal and dendritic transport in single Purkinje neurons of cerebellar slice cultures was quantified as single transport distances. Examination of the cells within a vital tissue was regarded as being an approach to the in situ condition. The Purkinje cells were organotypically integrated in the in vitro tissues and extended long axonal projections connecting synapses to the target neurons. The tracer horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was applied via microinjection to the somata of the Purkinje cells and the injected neurons were incubated thereafter for defined time-intervals. The tracer was transported anterogradely into the neuron processes. The measurements on both the axonal and the dendritic transport of microinjected HRP revealed continuous transportation with increasing times of postincubation. This transport was reduced by the use of microtubule-depolymerizing drugs. The axonal transport of the tracer was either retarded in colchicine-treated cells or continuously reduced for up to 50% in vinblastine-treated neurons. Thus, a correlation of axonal transport to the microtubules was demonstrated. The dendrites were filled with the tracer after 60 min of postincubation. Dendritic transport was reduced by the use of vinblastine, and not significantly by colchicine. The results strongly support the dependence of neuronal transport on microtubules as a component of the cytoskeleton.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051212
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  • 124
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cellular and subcellular distribution of the calcium-binding protein NCS-1 in the central nervous system of the rat (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 295 (1999), S. 395-407 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Neurofilament ; Basket cell ; Pinceau ; Golgi apparatus ; Calcium binding protein ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract NCS-1 (neuronal calcium sensor) is a recently characterized member of a highly conserved neuron-specific family of calcium-binding proteins, which also includes frequenin and recoverin. The cellular and subcellular distributions of NCS-1 in the rat nervous system were investigated using light- and electron-microscopic immunohistochemistry. NCS-1 immunoreactivity was localized to neuronal cell bodies and axons throughout the brain and spinal cord but not to glial cells. The most intense labeling was observed in myelinated axons, the axonal ramifications of the basket cell in the cerebellar cortex, and large neurons in the brainstem and pons. These same structures were also characterized by heavy labeling for neurofilament protein, as determined by double-labeling experiments. Most axon terminals were unlabeled or only lightly labeled. The most remarkable subcellular staining occurred in the perikarya where intense labeling was associated with the membranes of the trans saccules of the Golgi apparatus. The widespread distribution of NCS-1 indicates that it may be active in a variety of calcium-dependent neuronal functions, whereas the specific subcellular localization to the Golgi apparatus and neurofilament-rich structures suggests a specialized role in calcium regulated protein trafficking and cytoskeletal interactions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051246
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  • 125
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of high-level oxygen exposure on the peroxidase activity and the neuromelanin-like pigment content of the nerve net in the earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 295 (1999), S. 349-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Neuromelanin ; Neuron ; Peroxidase ; Oxygen metabolism ; High-definition light microscopy ; Electron microscopy ; Ultrastructure ; Cytochemistry ; Substantia nigra ; Lumbricusterrestris (Annelida)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Histochemical examination of 1-μm tissue sections from the dorsal nerve plexus of the earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris, reveals multiple brown intraneuronal granules. These granules contain material morphologically and histochemically consistent with neuromelanin. When viewed with transmission electron microscopy, these were seen as single membrane-enclosed biphasic granules with diameters of 370–730 nm. Exposure of L. terrestris to high-level environmental oxygen resulted in an increase in the number of neuromelanin-like pigment granules within the neurons of the circular muscle layer. As measured by ortho-phenylenediamine hydrochloride, the endogenous peroxidase activity of extracts from worms incubated in high-level environmental oxygen was 51% more than controls. The endogenous peroxidase activity was localized in situ with 3,3-diaminobenzidine (DAB) and was found to increase in and around the neuromelanin-like pigment-containing neurons within the circular muscle layer. These studies suggest that the nerve net of L. terrestris may serve as a model to study the role of neuromelanin production in oxidative stress and its relationship to endogenous peroxidases.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051241
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  • 126
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Expression of neurotrophins, GDNF, and their receptors in rat thyroid tissue (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 295 (1999), S. 467-475 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor ; GDNF ; Ret ; GDNFR-α ; Brain-derived neurotrophic factor ; BDNF ; NT-3 ; NT-4 ; trk receptors ; Thyroid tissue ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Levels of mRNA for neurotrophins (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF; neurotrophin 3, NT-3; neurotrophin 4, NT-4) and their receptors (trkA, trkB, trkC) and for glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and its receptors (ret, GDNFR-α) were measured in rat thyroid tissue by ribonuclease protection assays. In thyroid tissue the NT-3 mRNA level was threefold lower and the NT-4 mRNA level sixfold higher than those detected in adult rat hippocampus, while BDNF mRNA was undetectable. Very low levels of mRNA for truncated trkB and trkC receptors and no catalytic trkA, trkB or trkC were found. In conclusion NT-3 and NT-4, but not the corresponding functional receptors, are expressed in the thyroid tissue. Therefore, it is unlikely that these factors serve a direct local autocrine or paracrine function in thyroid cell types, and a target-derived mode of action on neurons innervating the thyroid tissue is suggested. An opposite result has been found for the neurotrophic factor GDNF: thyroid tissue showed a high level of transcripts for the GDNF receptor subunits (GDNFR-α and Ret), while GDNF mRNA was undetectable. The in situ hybridization analysis of GDNFR-α and ret mRNA revealed an interesting difference in the cell distribution of these transcripts: ret mRNA is selectively expressed in a subpopulation of cells scattered in the follicular epithelium and in the interfollicular spaces, while GDNFR-α expression is more homogeneous and widespread, including the more abundant cell type of the thyroid gland: the follicular cell. Double-labeling in situ hybridization/immunocytochemistry experiments, with a specific marker (calcitonin), showed that parafollicular cells express ret but not GDNFR-α. This differential distribution of the GDNF receptor components (GDNFR-α and ret) may reflect a peculiar biological role in intercellular communication in the thyroid gland.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051252
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  • 127
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Op/op mice defective in production of functional colony-stimulating factor-1 lack macrophages in muscularis externa of the small intestine (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 295 (1999), S. 485-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Interstitial cells of Cajal ; F4/80 ; CSF-1 ; Kit-receptor ; Mouse (op/op)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The osteopetrotic (op/op) mutant mouse possesses an inactivating mutation in the colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) gene, which results in the absence of certain macrophages and in osteopetrosis, following a lack of osteoclasts. Studies of the op/op mouse indicate that CSF-1-dependent tissue macrophages may belong to a trophic and/or scavenger subpopulation, which through their effect on other cell types can significantly affect tissue functions, and that cells which are CSF-1 independent have antigen presentation and immunological functions.We have previously identified a cell system of regularly distributed macrophages in the muscularis externa of the small intestine and wanted to extend these studies to the op/op mouse.The present investigations with light- and electron-microscopic methods using fluorescent dextran, methylene blue and immunohistochemistry (F4/80, anti-kit receptor, anti-CD3, anti-CD45R/B220) show that macrophages are absent from the muscle layers, with only an occasional macrophage present in the subserosa. In the lamina propria and submucosa, macrophage numbers are reduced. In all other respects the muscularis externa appears normal, including normal organization and number of interstitial cells of Cajal. Control and op/op mice both lack cells expressing CD3 (T lymphocytes), CD45R/B220 (B lymphocytes) and mast cells in the muscularis externa. This leaves the muscularis externa macrophages as the most likely source of local cytokine production under such conditions as postoperative ileus and intussusception in infants, where the muscularis externa appears to be one target of cytokines. We conclude that the lack of macrophages, combined with the preservation of otherwise normal structure, will make the op/op mouse a valuable model by which to assess the functions and relative importance of the muscularis externa macrophages in relation to intestinal motility under normal and pathological conditions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051254
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  • 128
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Aquaporin-5 (AQP5), a water channel protein, in the rat salivary and lacrimal glands: immunolocalization and effect of secretory stimulation (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 295 (1999), S. 513-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Water channel protein ; Aquaporin ; AQP5 ; Rat ; Salivary glands ; Immunolocalization ; Secretory stimulation ; Rat (Wistar)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Aquaporin-5 (AQP5) is a water channel protein and is considered to play an important role in water movement across the plasma membrane. We raised anti-AQP5 antibody and examined the localization of AQP5 protein in rat salivary and lacrimal glands by immunofluorescence microscopy. AQP5 was found in secretory acinar cells of submandibular, parotid, and sublingual glands, where it was restricted to apical membranes including intercellular secretory canaliculi. In the submandibular gland, abundant AQP5 was also found additionally at the apical membrane of intercalated duct cells. Upon stimulation by isoproterenol, apical staining for AQP5 in parotid acinar cells tended to appear as clusters of dots. These results suggest that AQP5 is one of the candidate molecules responsible for the water movement in the salivary glands.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051257
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  • 129
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Caveolin and its cellular and subcellular immunolocalisation in lung alveolar epithelium: implications for alveolar epithelial type I cell function (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 295 (1999), S. 111-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Caveolin ; Caveolae ; Lung ; Alveolar epithelial type I cell ; Immunocytochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Confocal laser scanning microscopy ; Rat (CD)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Caveolae are flask-shaped invaginations of the plasmalemma which pinch off to form discrete vesicles within the cell cytoplasm. Biochemically, caveolae may be distinguished by the presence of a protein, caveolin, that is the principal component of filaments constituting their striated cytoplasmic coat. Squamous alveolar epithelial type I (ATI) cells, comprising approximately 95% of the surface area of lung alveolar epithelium, possess numerous plasmalemmal invaginations and cytoplasmic vesicles ultrastructurally indicative of caveolae. However, an ultrastructural appearance does not universally imply the biochemical presence of caveolin. This immunocytochemical study has utilised a novel application of confocal laser scanning and electron microscopy unequivocally to localise caveolin-1 to ATI cells. Further, cytoplasmic vesicles and flask-shaped membrane invaginations in the ATI cell were morphologically identified whose membranes were decorated with anti-caveolin-1 immunogold label. Coexistent with this, however, in both ATI and capillary endothelial cells could be seen membrane invaginations morphologically characteristic of caveolae, but which lacked associated caveolin immunogold label. This could reflect a true biochemical heterogeneity in populations of morphologically similar plasmalemmal invaginations or an antigen threshold requirement for labelling. The cuboidal alveolar epithelial type II cell (ATII) also displayed specific label for caveolin-1 but with no ultrastructural evidence for the formation of caveolae. The biochemical association of caveolin with ATI cell vesicles has broad implications for the assignment and further study of ATI cell function.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051217
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  • 130
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A review of age-related changes in cerebellar β-adrenergic function and associated motor learning (1999)
    Springer
    Age 22 (1999), S. 19-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-4647
    Schlagwort(e): Norepinephrine ; Aging ; Free Radicals ; Antioxidants ; Cerebellum ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The present review provides an overview of age-related changes in cerebellar β-adrenergic function, associated motor learning, causal agents and possible treatments. Norepinephrine acts as a neuromodulator of Purkinje cell activity. With aging, however, the ability of norepinephrine to modulate Purkinje cell activity and specifically GABAergic inhibition of Purkinje cell activity is decreased. This age-associated deficit in cerebellar noradrenergic function correlates with deficits in acquisition of a motor learning task. Aged rats are delayed in acquiring a motor learning task that requires rats to adjust footfalls in order to cross a runway. The degree of deficit in cerebellar β-adrenergic activity correlated positively with the degree of impairment in task acquisition. One possible causal agent for the β-adrenergic deficit is free radical damage. Hyperoxia, which may generate free radical damage, induces cerebellar β-adrenergic deficits in young rats but diet restriction and treatment with antioxidants can delay or reverse age-related deficits in cerebellar β-adrenergic function in old rats.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11357-999-0003-6
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  • 131
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Does endurance running before orchidectomy prevent osteopenia in rats? (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 80 (1999), S. 344-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Endurance running ; Bone density ; Deoxypyridinoline ; Osteocalcin ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract This experiment was performed to study the effects on femoral bone of endurance training performed during the 3 months before orchidectomy in rats which were then killed 90 days later. A total of 70 male Wistar rats were used at 8 weeks old. One day 0 of the experiment, 10 rats were killed by cervical dislocation and used as first controls. Among the 60 others, 30 were selected for treadmill running (60% maximal oxygen uptake, 1 h · day−1, 6 days · week−1 for 90 days). The 30 other rats remained at rest. On day 90, 10 exercised (IE) and resting (IR) rats were killed and used as intermediary controls. Among the 20 other animals of each group, 10 were surgically castrated (CXE, CXR) or 10 sham-operated (SHE, SHR) and killed on day 180. On day 90 femoral failure load (three-point bending test) was greater in IE than in IR. Simultaneously, the deoxypyridinolinuria was lower in IE than in IR. On day 180, femoral bones were thinner in CXR than in CXE. The lowest values for trabecular bone are in the distal femoral metaphysis were measured in CXE and CXR rats, but the value measured in CXE was no different from that measured in SHR. Simultaneously total femoral bone density was lower in CXR than in SHE, while no difference concerning femoral metaphyseal density was observed between CXE and SHR. These results confirmed that endurance running increased femoral bone growth and modelling and femoral trabecular area, and thereby peak bone mass, in 8-month-old male rats. In resting animals, castrated after the training period, androgen deficiency decreased femoral density, mineral content and trabecular area. This decrease was not observed in castrated but previously exercised rats. Thus, by increasing peak bone mass, it was considered that endurance training may have a preventive effect against orchidectomy-induced bone loss.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004210050602
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  • 132
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Treadmill running starting 3 months after orchidectomy restores femoral bone mass in rats (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 79 (1999), S. 251-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Bone ; Deoxypyridinoline ; Osteocalcin ; Rat ; Treadmill running
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The present study was designed to provide data on the effects on femoral bone of endurance training starting only 3 months after orchidectomy in rats. A total of 70 Wistar male rats were used at 8 weeks of age. On day 0 of the experiment, 10 rats were killed by cervical dislocation to be used as first controls. Among the 60 other animals, half was surgically castrated (CX) or sham operated (SH). On day 90, 10 CX and 10 SH were killed and used as intermediary controls (ICX and ISH). Among the other 20 CX and 20 SH, 10 within each group (CXE, SHE) were selected for treadmill running (60% maximal oxygen uptake, 1 h · day−1, 5 days · week−1 for 12 weeks). The 20 other rats were used as sedentary controls (CXR, SHR) and killed (as runners) on day 180. On day 90 femoral bone density (BMD) and mineral content (BMC) were lower in ICX than in ISH. On day 180 total femoral BMD was lower in CXR than in CXE. Simultaneously metaphyseal femoral BMD was lower in CXR than in CXE, SHR or SHE. Furthermore, at that time, no significant difference concerning BMD and BMC was observed between SHR and CXE. This would indicate that treadmill running starting only 3 months after orchidectomy is able to restore BMD and BMC to control values, mainly by inhibiting bone resorption (as shown by decreased urinary deoxypyridinoline excretion in CXE) without decreasing osteoblastic activity (evaluated by plasma osteocalcin concentration).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004210050503
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  • 133
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The bioavailability of magnesium from Wakame ( Undaria pinnatifida) and Hijiki (Hijikia fusiforme) and the effect of alginic acid on magnesium utilization of rats (1999)
    Springer
    Plant foods for human nutrition 53 (1999), S. 265-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9104
    Schlagwort(e): Bioavailability ; Magnesium ; Hijiki ; Sodium alginate ; Rat ; Wakame
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The bioavailability of magnesium from Wakame and Hijiki, and the effects of alginic acid on absorption of dietary magnesium were examined in five groups of rats fed either control, Wakame, Hijiki, AW (containing the same amount of alginate as in the Wakame) and AH (containing the same amount of alginate as in the Hijiki) diets, and animals fed a low magnesium diet (LMg) (twentieth amount of magnesium in the original mineral mixtures as the control). Food intake and body weight gain were decreased by adding sodium alginate to the diets. A large amount of calcium accumulated only in the kidneys of the rats fed the LMg diet. Serum magnesium concentration decreased only in the LMg group. The magnesium content in the defatted left femurs did not differ between the control and Wakame fed animals and also among the animals eating Wakame, Hijiki and AW diets. The breaking force of the right femurs did not differ among all the groups except the LMg group. The ratio of apparent magnesium absorption (%) of the control, LMg, Wakame, Hijiki, AW and AH groups was 82.2, 72.7, 66.9, 50.8, 69.3 and 54.2 in the first experimental period, and was 75.3, 52.1, 57.7, 46.9, 62.6 and 60.5 in the second experimental period, respectively. It was clear that the bioavailability of magnesium in the Wakame fed rats was higher than in those eating the Hijiki. Large amounts of sodium alginate lowered magnesium absorption from the diet.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008082112178
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  • 134
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Phase and aggregation behaviour of double-chain cationic surfactants from the class of N-alkyl-N-alkyl′-N, N-dimethylammonium bromide surfactants (1999)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 277 (1999), S. 856-867 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Double chain surfactants ; Aggregates ; Phase diagrams ; Lamellar phases ; Electron microscopy ; SANS
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract We present the phase diagrams and the properties of newly synthesised double-chain cationic N-alkyl-N-alkyl′-N,N-dimethylammonium bromide surfactants [C x C y DMABr (x = 12, 14 and 16; y = 10, 11, 12, 14 and 16)]. All the systems studied form liquid-crystalline lamellar phases but with different morphologies: unilamellar vesicles at low surfactant concentrations, multilamellar vesicles and tubular aggregates for surfactant concentrations between 2 and 10 wt% and at even higher concentrations planar bilayers of surfactant molecules in the classical Lα phase. The phase diagrams were determined with macroscopic and microscopic methods (polarisation microscopy, freeze-fracture transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and differential interference contrast microscopy). The properties of the surfactant solutions were determined with differential scanning calorimetry measurements for Krafft point determination and small-angle neutron scattering measurements for interlamellar spacing and bilayer thickness. Finally, conductivity and viscosity measurements for phase characterisation were carried out.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960050462
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  • 135
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Outbreaks of gastroenteritis caused by SRSVs from 1987 to 1992 in Kyushu, Japan: Four outbreaks associated with oyster consumption (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 15 (1999), S. 175-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Schlagwort(e): Electron microscopy ; Epidemiology ; Non-bacterial Gastroenteritis ; Oyster ; Small round structured viruses (SRSVs)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract From 1987 to 1992, 18 outbreaks of acute non-bacterial gastroenteritis occurred in Kyushu district. The most common symptoms were diarrhea, vomiting, nausea and abdominal cramp. Small round structured viruses (SRSVs) were detected in 52 (44.8%) of 116 stool samples from 17 outbreaks by the electron microscopy (EM) method, and a significant increase in the antibody level was noted in 42 (80.7%) of 52 paired serum samples from 12 outbreaks by the immune electron microscopy (IEM) method and in 18 (51.4%) of 35 samples from 8 outbreaks by the western blot (WB) method. However, according to the WB method, antigen-antibody reaction was not observed to reference antigen strips (SRSV-9/Tokyo 86-510, 63kDa) in three of the 8 outbreaks. The detected virus was regarded as an etiologic agent for these outbreaks. In four of 5 outbreaks which appeared associated with eating raw oysters, there was a close relation between SRSV infection and consumption of raw oysters.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007543924543
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  • 136
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    In vivo protection of the pig liver against ischemia/reperfusion injury by tauroursodeoxycholate (1999)
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 384 (1999), S. 461-466 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Liver transplantation ; Bile salt ; Tauroursodeoxycholate ; Rat ; Reperfusion injury
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  Introduction: Tauroursodeoxycholate (TUDC) is used routinely in the treatment of cholestatic liver disease. The present study was designed to determine whether it would mitigate ischemia/reperfusion injury in an in vivo pig liver-transplantation model. Methods: Transplantation was performed in 12 animals after a preservation time of 8 h. In the control group (n=6), 0.9% saline was infused into the donor. In the experimental group (n=6), TUDC was given intravenously at a rate of 2 µmol/kg body weight per minute. In the recipient, infusion was started at the time of reperfusion; saline was infused for 400 min in the control group, TUDC for the same duration at a rate of 0.2 µmol/kg body weight per minute in the experimental group. Blood was drawn for determination of liver enzymes. Bile samples were collected and bile flow (BF) and bile salt secretion rate (BSSR) were determined. Results: One-week survival was 92% and not different among groups. Liver enzymes were lower in the TUDC group than the saline group. Prior to TUDC infusion in the donor animals, there were no differences in BF and BSSR. After infusion of TUDC, BF and BSSR were highly significantly different than the control group. Discussion: Infusion of TUDC in pig livers protects against ischemia/reperfusion injury in vivo. This might be due to the membrane-stabilizing effect of TUDC. Preconditioning of liver grafts with TUDC could potentially lead to improved liver function post-transplantation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004230050231
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  • 137
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Synthesis of colloids and films of Pr, Er and Yb with nonaqueous solvents (1999)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 277 (1999), S. 164-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Schlagwort(e): Keywords Nanostructures ; Thin films ; Vapor deposition ; Electron microscopy ; Optical properties
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract Colloidal dispersions of Yb, Er and Pr have been prepared by chemical liquid deposition. The metals were cocondensed at 77 K with 2-methoxyethanol and ethanol to produce solvated metal atoms. The particle size of the dispersions was determined by transmission electron microscopy to range from 52 to 1080 Å; the particles had spherical shapes. After solvent evaporation under vacuum, active solids and amorphous powder were deposited over Cu and Al metal. Dispersion stability, particle size, UV/Vis absorption and zeta potential were studied. The solids prepared by solvent evaporation were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The films prepared on Al were studied by scanning electron microscopy. The most stable colloid was obtained using 2-methoxyethanol: several concentrations were stable for several months and the zeta potential indicated that this colloid stability is mainly due to solvation effects. FTIR spectroscopy of the solids indicated solvent incorporation in the film. This observation was corroborated by thermal analysis. Information on the thermal stability of the films was obtained by TGA. The UV/Vis absorption spectrum was measured at several concentrations under different conditions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960050381
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  • 138
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Regeneration of the mammalian central vestibular pathway using the rat as animal model (1999)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 256 (1999), S. 442-444 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Wheat germ agglutinin-conjugated ; horseradish peroxidase ; Neural regeneration ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Regeneration of the mammalian central vestibular system was examined in rat. The lateral vestibulospinal tract (LVST) of infant rat was transected unilaterally at the level of C1–3. After a postoperative interval of several weeks, the LVST was examined by injecting an anterograde tracer (wheat germ agglutinin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase) into the lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN) and a retrograde tracer (Fast Blue) into the lumbar enlargement. More than half of the rats showed successful regeneration, indicating definite plasticity in the mammalian central vestibular system.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004050050185
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  • 139
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A comprehensive analysis of selected diagnostic methods with respect to their usefulness in evaluating the biology of neoplastic cells in patients with laryngeal cancer (1999)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 256 (1999), S. 306-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Laryngeal cancer ; p53 ; Oncoprotein ; Ki67 ; Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) ; DNA ploidy ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The difficult and complicated mechanism of cancer development with little knowledge about the biology of existing cancers can lead to a permanent search for new examination techniques to improve the precision of life expectancy in patients and the selection of the most efficient methods of treatment. The aim of this study was to analyze certain prognostic factors, i.e., p53, Ki67, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), DNA ploidy and cell proliferating activity, as well as the degree of morphological differentiation and cell maturity evaluated on an ultrastructural level in patients with laryngeal cancers in connection with data obtained from follow-up examinations and the clinical course of the disease. Neoplastic tissue was taken from 120 patients with laryngeal cancers. All underwent surgical treatment, radiotherapy and combined treatment in the Department of Otolaryngology, Karol Marcinkowski University School of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland, and the Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Haukeland University, Bergen, Norway. Before beginning treatment all patients underwent histological verification of their neoplastic tissues. Histopathological examination proved that the majority of cases (95%) had a squamous cell carcinoma. The occurrence of changes within the lymph nodes of the neck (N) was significantly correlated with T, S, Ki67, metastases to lymph nodes, DNA ploidy, site and surgery performed. The degree of clinical progression (S) was intercorrelated with T, N, p53, Ki67, PCNA, DNA ploidy, site and laryngectomy. The occurrence of oncoprotein p53 in neoplastic cells was measured by the staining degree of their nuclei and was correlated with T, S, DNA ploidy, metastases to lymph nodes, PCNA and site. The degree of staining of neoplastic cells for the nuclear antigen Ki67 was correlated to T, N, G, S, DNA ploidy, metastases to lymph nodes and surgical treatment. The proliferative antigen PCNA in the examined population of patients was intercorrelated with T, p53, Ki67, metastases to lymph nodes and surgical treatment. The results obtained from DNA flow cytometry could be associated with N, G, p53, Ki67 and metastases to lymph nodes. On the basis of the results obtained, the techniques suggested for the morphological and biological evaluation of neoplastic cells in cancer of the larynx should include TNM classification + G + DNA + p53 + Ki67.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004050050252
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  • 140
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of cytochalasin D on taste pores of rat fungiform papillae (1999)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 256 (1999), S. S38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Taste buds ; Cytochalasin D ; Rhodamine-phalloidin ; Confocal laser microscopy ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Effects of cytochalasin D on actin filaments in cells encircling taste pores were examined to clarify the functional role of actin filaments in the maintenance of taste pores in rat fungiform papillae, using a confocal laser microscope and a scanning electron microscope. Fluorescence in the taste pore cells was detected as a ring shape produced by actin staining with rhodamine-phalloidin. Treatment of fungiform papillae with cytochalasin D diminished the positive reactions in the taste pore cells and increased the inner diameter of the ring reactions. However, deformation of the taste pores in fungiform papillae was not detected under a scanning electron microscope after treatment with cytochalasin D. These findings suggest that the organization of actin filaments encircling the taste pores contributes to regulation of the taste pore’s size in rat fungiform papillae.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00014151
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  • 141
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An improved method for the purification of stellate cells from rat liver with Dichloromethylene Diphosphate (CL2MDP) (1999)
    Springer
    Methods in cell science 21 (1999), S. 19-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0603
    Schlagwort(e): Dichloromethylene diphosphate ; Hepatic stellate cell isolation ; Liposome ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Hepatic perisinusoidal cell population consists of hepatic stellate cells, Kupffer cells, endothelial cells, and Pit cells. These cells are isolated by enzymic digestion and purified by density gradient centrifugation. With isolation of stellate cells, conventional method is unable to eliminate the contamination of Kupffer cells because the densities of these two cells are similar. We report here an improved method for isolation of highly purified hepatic stellate cells, using dichloromethylene diphosphate (CL2MDP), which has selective cytotoxicity of Kupffer cells. Three days after the single intravenous administration of liposome-encapsulated CL2MDP, the Kupffer cells disappeared almost completely from the liver. Following Percoll density gradient centrifugation, the purity of the hepatic stellate cells exceeded 98% without any contamination of the Kupffer cells. Kupffer cells are reported to affect the physiological functions of stellate cells. The availability of highly purified stellate cells will facilitate the investigation of their functions in primary culture.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009872219428
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  • 142
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330101
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  • 143
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Projektionsversuche mit dem Diaprojektor (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 45-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A variety of demonstration experiments can be shown to a large audience with a minimum amount of chemicals by using an ordinary slide projector and easily mounted cuvettes. A detailed instruction for assembling the cuvettes is given as m d l as examples for suitable demonstration experiments in general, inorganic, organic and physical chemistry.
    Zusätzliches Material: 21 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330106
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  • 144
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Wer und was ist es? (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 61-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330111
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  • 145
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Dokumentation (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 66-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330114
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  • 146
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Rückblick (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 67-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330117
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  • 147
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330201
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  • 148
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Umweltprobenbanken-eine wichtige Säule der Umweltbeobachtung (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 95-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Natural events as well as human activities are affecting the environment and even with largescale monitoring programs it is not possible to completely assess the state of the environment. But a documentation of the environmental status with respect to its chemical composition can be realized with systematically collected representative environmental samples, which can be stored for decades at very low temperatures almost without degradation. Such ‘banking activity’ allows a current environmental monitoring and also a retrospective analysis for the determination of components which have not been analyzed at the time of sampling because of ta lack in analytical techniques or because they have not been known or considered environmentally relevant. The concept of environmental specimen banking and general procedures are described. Various examples illustrate the many facets of such activities.
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330205
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  • 149
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Jobsuch auf dem Internet (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 128-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Die Arbeitsmarktsituation in der Chemie hat sich in den letzten Jahren spürbar entspannt. Dennoch gibt es auf etlichen, nicht hundertprozentig dem Trend der Zeit entsprechenden Spezialgebieten immer noch einen beträchtlichen Überhang an Stellensuchenden. Entsprechende Mobilität vorausgesetzt, kann das Internet bei der Stellensuche hilfreich sein.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330210
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  • 150
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Rückblick (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 135-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330215
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  • 151
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330301
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  • 152
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Quantenchemie auf dem Internet (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 165-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330306
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  • 153
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Die Rolle des Aerosols im Klimasystem (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 158-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Atmospheric aerosol particles cause one of the largest uncertainties in estimates of human influence on climate - a good reason to take a closer look at the atmospheric life cycle of the aerosols and its effects. Besides a number of primary and secondary natural aerosol sources we need to consider since the beginning of industrialisation strong manmade particle sources. During its residence in the atmosphere the aerosol interacts in many physical and chemical ways with other atmospheric trace substances, most importantly with water vapor and its liquid and solid phases. Through its direct effect on solar and thermal radiation and through its influence on clouds the atmospheric aerosol exerts a climate forcing. To data we cannot predict the ensuing climate response because of our limited understanding of essential atmospheric processes and of the many possible feedbacks within the climate system. However, already our present knowledge of the role of the atmospheric aerosol in the climate system makes strictly global views of anthropogenic climate changes questionable.
    Notizen: Der Stand unseres Wissens zum Kreislauf des Atmosphärischen Aerosols und von seiner Rolle im Klimasystem läßt sich wie folgt zusammenfassen: 1Unser Verständnis des globalen Aerosolkreislaufs und vor allem des menschlichen Eingriffs in denselben ist noch sehr unvollständig. Dies gilt in hohem Maße auch für die mit diesem Kreislauf verbundenen chemischen Mehrphasenprozesse.2Ein negativer direkter Klimaantrieb anthropogener Aerosole existiert über die Streuung und Absorption, hat aber noch große Unsicherheiten und kann über hoch mit Rußpartikeln belasteten Gebieten auch positive Werte annehmen.3Ein indirekter Klimaantrieb anthropogener Aerosole existiert wahrscheinlich und hat ebenfalls ein negatives Vorzeichen. Seine Größenordnung und Unsicherheiten lassen sich noch nicht quantifizieren.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330305
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  • 154
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Welche Bedeutung haben Theoretische Konzepte in der Chemie? (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 177-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Chemical concepts are important to gain a qualitative understanding of chemistry. They are needed to find interesting questions to which experimental research as well as quantum-chemical investigations and computer simulations can contribute. We point out why chemical concepts should be seen as an important and from fundamental physical theories to a certain degree independent part of chemistry. An overview and analysis of some concepts - which are often introduced only in connection with special examples instead of a discussion for their own sake - are given. We take a closer look at some concepts to illustrate our assertions. An analysis of the stability of the cyclic (MoNL3)-trimer demonstrates how these concepts work and what they can tell us about this special case.
    Notizen: Wir haben versucht, deutlich zu machen, wie wichtig theoretische Konzepte in der Chemie sind. Dabei gelangen wir zu folgenden Schlußfolgerungen über die Konzepte, die in der Chemie herangezogen werden, um Beobachtungen zu deuten und zu verstehen: Qualitativ chemische Konzepte sind für ein Verständnis der Chemie unverzichtbar. Eine quantenchemische Berechnung liefert nicht automatisch Verständnis und Einordnung in einen Gesamtzusammenhang.Erst die vereinfachende Beschreibung chemischer Konzepte ermöglicht eine unmittelbare Diskussion chemischer Fragestellungen.Die Konzepte sind trotz grundlegender physikalischer Theorien bis zu einem gewissen Grade eigenständig.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330312
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  • 155
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330401
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  • 156
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hundert Jahre Aspirin® (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 213-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The article commemorates the centenary of the protection of the proprietary mine of Aspirin. The early medicinal uses of salicylic acid derivatives in herbal remedies arc summarised as well as the biosynthesis of these derivatives. The history of the synthesis of salicylic acid and of acetyl salicylic acid (ASS) is described in detail as is the discovery of additional therapeutic applications and the basic pharmacology of ASS.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330406
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  • 157
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Internet-Werkzeuge für die Zusammenarbeit zwischen Chemikern (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 234-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330409
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  • 158
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Alchemie. Lexikon einer hermetischen Wissenschaft. Herausgegeben von Claus Priesner und Karin Figala. Verlag C. H. Beck, München 1998. 412 S., 40 Abb., Leinen, DM 68,-. ISBN 3-406-44104-8 (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 239-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330412
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  • 159
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Dokumentation (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 246-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330417
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  • 160
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Editorial (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 250-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330502
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  • 161
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    ChiuZ aktuell (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 308-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330508
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  • 162
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Wer und was ist es? (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 312-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330511
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  • 163
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Impressum (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 314-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330514
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  • 164
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Literaturkarusell. Chemie (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. IX 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330518
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  • 165
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Editorial (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 318-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330602
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  • 166
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chemische Biologie (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 354-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Chemical Biology is a rapidly growing field at the interface of organic chemistry and cell biology. Chemical strategies are used to address biological questions not amenable to traditional genetic and biochemical techniques alone. Thc enormous potential of Chemical Biology is illustrated by four recent examples.
    Notizen: Chemische Biologie ist eine junge Forschungsrichtung im Grenzgebiet zwischen Organischer Cherme und Zellbiologie, welche aus einem Bedarf nach neuen Techniken zur Untersuchung zellbiologischer Mechanismen entstanden ist. Chemische Methoden werden mit biochemischen und molekularbiologischen Methoden kombiniert, um neuartige Möglichkeiten für die biologische Grundlagenforschung zu schaffen. So werden synthetische Oligosaccharide kovalent an die Oberfläche lebender Zellen gebunden, die Konzentration von Calciumionen im Zytosol künstlich reguliert und Rezeptoren künstlich aktiviert.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330606
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  • 167
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Elektrosynthesen. Strom doppelt genutzt: Erste technische „Paired Electrosynthesis“ (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 373-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Eine neue Elektrosynthese erfüllt erstmals den Traum der Elektrochemiker, gleichzeitig Anoden- und Kathodenreaktion für organische Synthesen technisch zu nutzen.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330610
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  • 168
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Experimente für die Chemie (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 377-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330614
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  • 169
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Persistenz und Reichweite von Umweltchemikalien. Von M. Scheringer. Wiley-VCh, Weinheim 1999.XIII + 208 Abb.,17Tab., gebunden, DM 158,-.ISBN 3-527-29752-9 (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 380-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330618
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  • 170
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Vorbereitungen für die Jahrtausend-Party (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 382-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Around the world, BASF has been preparing for Y2K since 1996. The Information services and the Process Control Technology divisions, as well as embedded systems and logistics, not to mention the company's customers and suppliers have all been systenmatically tested for Y2K capability. In addition, special precautionary measures in particular, at large Verbund sites - will be in place during the switchover period.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330621
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  • 171
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Editorial (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 4-4 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330102
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  • 172
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Andere iu Z-Zeitschriften (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 66-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330115
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  • 173
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Gentechnik in der Schule (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 104-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The Fonds of German Chemical Industry (FCI) has produced an instrumental kit named „Blue Genes“ which enables High School teachers to perform in their school environment basic experiments of gene analysis and cloning. In particular, the kit contains all necessary equipment and reagents to perform a restriction analysis, and cloning and expression of a bacterial gene.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330206
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  • 174
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chemie der Wunder (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 152-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: A few physical phenomena believed to be religious miracles are considered, and scientific explanations for them are proposed.
    Notizen: Einige physikalische Phänomene, von denen man glaubte, sie seien religiöse Wunder, werden vorgestellt und wissenschaftliche Erklärungen hierfür vorgeschlagen.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330304
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  • 175
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Wer und was ist es? (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 173-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330308
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  • 176
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Lebensgeschichten. Sternstunden der frühen Chemie von Johann Rudolph Glauber bis Justus von Liebig. Von Ernst F. Schwenk. Beck'sche Reihe 1252, Verlag C. H. Beck, München 1998. 288 S., 42 s/w-Abb., Paper-back, DM 19,80. ISBN 3-406-42052-4 (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 176-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330311
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  • 177
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Literaturkarusell. Interdisziplinäres (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. VIII 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330517
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  • 178
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Literaturkarusell. Pharmazie (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. XIV 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330520
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  • 179
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Kupfer  -  Die biochemische Bedeutung eines Metalls (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 334-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The essential trace element copper plays a key role in living systems. Its metalloproteins are involved in various reactions. The IT ononuclear blue copper type-1 proteins take, part in electron transfer processes. Type-2 proteins can either act as oxidases, oxygenases, dioxygenases, or superoxide dismutases, containing one copper core. Dinuclear copper centers of Type-3 proteins are the oxygen transport system hemocyanin, oxidases and oxygenases. Due to this variety of functions copper deficiency and also abundance can cause severe damage of any life form.
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330604
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  • 180
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fritz Haber, Carl Bosch und Friedrich Bergius  -  Protagonisten der Hochdrucksynthese (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 359-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: It is tried to fix the limits between the notions high pressure synthesis and high temperature chemistry. The work of Fritz Haber to apply high pressure to synthetise ammonia and of Friedrich Bergius to liquify coal to synthetise petrol is described. Special attention is given to the merits of Carl Bosch and his coworkers at BASF for applying the high pressure synthesis into industrial scale. The consequences of thc work of Haber, Bergius und Bosch on chemistry, social and political life and their importance for the present are considered.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330607
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  • 181
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bakterien, Viren, Prionen (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 376-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330613
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  • 182
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Dokumentation (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 390-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330622
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  • 183
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Von Biomineralien zu biomimetischen Materialien: Der Weg ist das Ziel (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 6-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Diatoms are unicellular organisms which possess a unique silicified cell wall. Their intricate structures have inspired the imagination of naturalists and scientists throughout centuries. However, molecular biological details about silica metabolic pathways still are obscure. To find out how soft matter can selforganize and create finite solid shapes and complex patterns is certainly one of the most challenging scientific problems today. Especially chemists just have started to unravel the mysteries of chemical morphogenesis.
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330103
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  • 184
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    ChiuZ aktuell (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 58-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330108
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  • 185
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chemie im Selbststudium. Grundkurs Chemie I. Allgemeine und Anorganische Chemie. Von Arnold Arni. überarb. Aulf. 3., überarb. Aufl., WILEY-VCH, Weinheim 1998. XIV + 350 S., 66 Abb., 15 Tab., Broschur, DM 54,-. ISBN 3-527-29542-9. Grundkurs Chemie II. Organische Chemie. 2., überarb. Aufl. WILEY-VCH, Weinheim 1998. XIII + 198 S., 16 Abb., 5 Tab., Broschur, DM 48,-. ISBN 3-527-29562-3 (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 60-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330110
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  • 186
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Impressum (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 66-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330116
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  • 187
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Editorial (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 70-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330202
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  • 188
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Wissenschaft aktuell (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 122-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330208
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  • 189
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Dokumentation (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 134-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330212
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  • 190
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Impressum (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 134-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330214
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  • 191
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Literaturkarusell. Chemie (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. X 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330218
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  • 192
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Editorial (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 138-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330302
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  • 193
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    ChiuZ aktuell (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 174-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330309
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  • 194
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chemie mit Licht. Photochemie. Von D. Wöhrle, M.W. Tausch und W.-D. Stohrer. WILEY-VCH, Weinheim 1998. XVI, 253, S., 169 Abb., 39 Tab., Broschur, DM 128,-.ISBN 3-527-29545-3 (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 175-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330310
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  • 195
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Editorial (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 190-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330402
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  • 196
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sandwich-artige Cyclopentadienylkomplexe von Hauptgruppenelementen (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 342-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Cyclopentadienyl (Cp) complexes of maingroup elements are classified and compared in terms of structural types, bonding features, and characteristic reactions. Halfsandwich, sandwich and multidecker sandwich arrangements of different type are observed including cluster species with weak or strong metal-metal bonds. The Cp-El bonding ranges from mainly covalent to purely ionic with important structure-determining intermolecular contacts in the latter. π-Complexation allows the stabilisation of compounds with low-valent elements such as AI(I), Ga(I), and Si(I1). Important reaction principles and applications are shortly described.
    Zusätzliches Material: 19 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330605
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  • 197
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Wissenschaft aktuell (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 367-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330608
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  • 198
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    ChiuZ aktuell (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 375-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330612
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  • 199
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Schreiben und publizieren in den naturwissenschaften. Vin H.F.Ebel u C. Bliefert. 4., völlig neu bearb. Aufl., WILEY-VCh, Weinheim 1988.XIV + 550 s., Broschur, Dm 68,-ISBN 3-527-29626-3 (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 378-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330615
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  • 200
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Wer war es? (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 381-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330620
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