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Year
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  • 101
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: The use of point sets instead of meshes became more popular during the last years. We present a new method for anisotropic fairing of a point sampled surface using an anisotropic geometric mean curvature flow. The main advantage of our approach is that the evolution removes noise from a point set while it detects and enhances geometric features of the surface such as edges and corners. We derive a shape operator, principal curvature properties of a point set, and an anisotropic Laplacian of the surface. This anisotropic Laplacian reflects curvature properties which can be understood as the point set analogue of Taubin's curvature-tensor for polyhedral surfaces. We combine these discrete tools with techniques from geometric diffusion and image processing. Several applications demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of our method.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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  • 102
    Publication Date: 2020-12-15
    Description: In this paper we introduce the fare planning problem for public transport which consists in designing a system of fares maximizing revenue. We propose a new simple general model for this problem. It i s based on a demand function and constraints for the different fares. The constraints define the structure of the fare system, e.g., distance dependent fares or zone fares. We discuss a simple example with a quadratic demand function and distance dependent fares. Then we introduce a more realistic discrete choice model in which passengers choose between different alternatives depending on the numb er of trips per month. We demonstrate the examples by computational experiments.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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  • 103
    Publication Date: 2020-12-15
    Description: Can OR methods help the public transport industry to break even? The article gives evidence that there exist significant potentials in this direction, which can be harnessed by a combination of modern mathematical methods and local planning knowledge. Many of the planning steps in public transport are classical combinatorial problems, which can be solved in unprecedented size and quality due the rapid progress in large-scale optimization. Three examples on vehicle scheduling, duty scheduling, and integrated vehicle and duty scheduling illustrate the level that has been reached and the improvements that can be achieved today. Extensions of such methods to further questions of strategic, online, and market-oriented planning are currently investigated. In this way, OR can make a significant contribution to answer the basic but extremely difficult question ``What is a good public transport network?.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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  • 104
    Publication Date: 2016-06-09
    Description: Laplace transforms which admit a holomorphic extension to some sector strictly containing the right half plane and exhibiting a potential behavior are considered. A spectral order, parallelizable method for their numerical inversion is proposed. The method takes into account the available information about the errors arising in the evaluations. Several numerical illustrations are provided.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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  • 105
    Publication Date: 2020-03-09
    Description: The airline crew scheduling problem deals with the construction of crew rotations in order to cover the flights of a given schedule at minimum cost. The problem involves complex rules for the legality and costs of individual pairings and base constraints for the availability of crews at home bases. A typical instance considers a planning horizon of one month and several thousand flights. We propose a column generation approach for solving airline crew scheduling problems that is based on a set partitioning model. We discuss algorithmic aspects such as the use of bundle techniques for the fast, approximate solution of linear programs, a pairing generator that combines Lagrangean shortest path and callback techniques, and a novel rapid branching'' IP heuristic. Computational results for a number of industrial instances are reported. Our approach has been implemented within the commercial crew scheduling system NetLine/Crew of Lufthansa Systems Berlin GmbH.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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  • 106
    Publication Date: 2014-03-10
    Description: The complexity of molecular kinetics can be reduced significantly by a restriction to metastable conformations which are almost invariant sets of molecular dynamical systems. With the Robust Perron Cl uster Analysis PCCA+, developed by Weber and Deuflhard, we have a tool available which can be used to identify these conformations from a transition probability matrix. This method can also be applied to the corresponding transition rate matrix which provides important information concerning transition pathways of single molecules. In the present paper, we explain the relationship between these tw o concepts and the extraction of conformation kinetics from transition rates. Moreover, we show how transition rates can be approximated and conclude with numerical examples.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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  • 107
    Publication Date: 2020-03-09
    Description: Die Autoren schreiben dieses Papier aus der eingeschränkten Sicht der Mathematik und der Informationstechnik. Um den speziellen Beitrag dieser Disziplinen überhaupt diskutieren zu können, sehen wir uns jedoch gezwungen, einen Rahmen abzustecken, den wir für das Jahr 2020 vorhersehen -- nach Wahrscheinlichkeit und aus unserem engeren fachlichen Blickwinkel. Vorab bitten wir schon einmal bei den medizinischen Fachleuten um Nachsicht, wenn wir uns in ihrem Revier allzu dillettantisch bewegen. Vielleicht fördert aber auch unser eingeschränkter Blickwinkel ansonsten unbedachte Aspekte zutage -- das hoffen wir zumindest.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: German
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  • 108
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: We consider nonlinear, scaling-invariant $N=1$ boson$+$fermion supersymmetric systems whose right-hand sides are homogeneous differential polynomials and satisfy some natural assumptions. We select the super-systems that admit infinitely many higher symmetries generated by recursion operators; we further restrict ourselves to the case when the dilaton dimensions of the bosonic and fermionic super-fields coincide and the weight of the time is half the weight of the spatial variable. We discover five systems that satisfy these assumptions; one system is transformed to the purely bosonic Burgers equation. We construct local, nilpotent, triangular, weakly non-local, and super-recursion operators for their symmetry algebras.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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  • 109
    Publication Date: 2020-12-15
    Description: We present a branch-and-cut algorithm for the NP-hard maximum feasible subsystem problem: For a given infeasible linear inequality system, determine a feasible subsystem containing as many inequalities as possible. The complementary problem, where one has to remove as few inequalities as possible in order to render the system feasible, can be formulated as a set covering problem. The rows of this formulation correspond to irreducible infeasible subsystems, which can be exponentially many. The main issue of a branch-and-cut algorithm for MaxFS is to efficiently find such infeasible subsystems. We present three heuristics for the corresponding NP-hard separation problem and discuss further cutting planes. This paper contains an extensive computational study of our implementation on a variety of instances arising in a number of applications.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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  • 110
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: New evolutionary supersymmetric systems whose right-hand sides are homogeneous differential polynomials and which possess infinitely many higher symmetries are constructed. Their intrinsic geometry (symmetries, conservation laws, recursion operators, Hamiltonian structures, and exact solutions) is analyzed by using algebraic methods. A supersymmetric $N=1$ representation of the Burgers equation is obtained. An $N=2$ KdV-component system that reduces to the Burgers equation in the diagonal $N=1$ case $\theta^1=\theta^2$ is found; the $N=2$ Burgers equation admits and $N=2$ modified KdV symmetry. A one\/-\/parametric family of $N=0$ super\/-\/systems that exte nd the Burgers equation is described; we relate the systems within this family with the Burgers equation on associative algebras. A supersymmetric boson$+$fermion representation of the dispersionless Boussinesq equation is investigated. We solve this equation explicitly and construct its integrable deformation that generates two infinite sequences of the Hamiltonians. The Boussinesq equation with dispersion is embedded in a one-parametric family of two-component systems with dissipation. We finally construct a three-parametric supersymmetric system that incorporates the Boussinesq equation with dispersion and dissipation but never retracts to it for any values of the parameters.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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  • 111
    Publication Date: 2014-11-10
    Description: In this paper we present a new technique for computing lower bounds for graph treewidth. Our technique is based on the fact that the treewidth of a graph $G$ is the maximum order of a bramble of $G$ minus one. We give two algorithms: one for general graphs, and one for planar graphs. The algorithm for planar graphs is shown to give a lower bound for both the treewidth and branchwidth that is at most a constant factor away from the optimum. For both algorithms, we report on extensive computational experiments that show that the algorithms give often excellent lower bounds, in particular when applied to (close to) planar graphs.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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  • 112
    Publication Date: 2020-11-13
    Description: Seit einigen Jahren lizenzieren Bibliotheken mit erheblichem finanziellen Aufwand elektronische Zeitschriften. Anders als bei einer Papierausgabe ist der dauerhafte Zugriff auf die bezahlten Dokumente allerdings nicht garantiert: Die e-Zeitschriften liegen auf dem Verlagsserver, und der Verlag schaltet den Zugriff (meist IP-Range des Campus) auf seinem Server frei. Wird der Zugriff von Verlagsseite abgeschaltet, erlöschen sämtliche Zugriffsrechte, auch auf die in der Vergangenheit lizenzierten und bezahlten Zeitschriften. Auf die neuen Abonnementbedingungen hat das Friedrich-Althoff-Konsortium (FAK) reagiert und in seinen Vertr"agen den Erwerb der Archivdaten beim Auslaufen eines Vertrages festgeschrieben. Im Rahmen eines Projektes baut die KOBV-Zentrale einen Zeitschriftenserver auf, um den Zugriff auf die lizenzierten elektronischen Zeitschriften auch nach Ablauf der Lizenzverträge zu gewährleisten. Den Grundstock bilden die vom FAK in den Jahren 1997-2003 lizenzierten elektronischen Zeitschriften der Verlage Kluwer Academic Press, Springer und Elsevier - ein Volumen von rund 1.600 Zeitschriftentiteln mit knapp 1.400.000 Artikeln. Beim Aufbau des Zeitschriftenservers kommt der vertraglich-organisatorischen Komponente eine ebenso wichtige Rolle zu wie der technischen Realisierung. Hier hat die KOBV-Zentrale ein transparentes Verfahren konzipiert und umgesetzt, um für die Verlage die notwendige Vertrauensbasis zu schaffen und gleichzeitig den Einrichtungen ihren berechtigten Zugriff auf die Zeitschriften-Volltexte zu sichern. Die Zeitschriftenartikel werden sowohl im Rahmen des KOBV-Volltextservers, einem neuen Internet-Dienst der KOBV-Zentrale, zugänglich gemacht - volltext-indiziert mit der Suchmaschine Swish-e - als auch integriert in die Metadatensuche und den Open-Linking-Dienst des KOBV-Portals. Während die Metadatenrecherche und die Sicht auf die Abstracts für alle offen sind, ist der Zugriff auf die Artikel-Volltexte auf die an den Verträgen beteiligten Einrichtungen beschränkt. Dazu wurde ein Authentifizierungsverfahren auf der Basis von IP-Ranges eingerichtet. Der vorliegende Text ist die schriftliche Fassung eines gleichnamigen Vortrages auf der ASpB-Tagung 2005 \glqq Spezialbibliotheken zwischen Auftrag und Ressourcen{\grqq} der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Spezialbibliotheken, die vom 06.-09. September 2005 in der Technischen Universität München stattfand.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: German
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  • 113
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: In diesem Bericht wurden Erfahrungen mit der Suchmaschine FAST im Rahmen des Projektes Verteilter Contentspeicher sowie die Suchmaschine FAST beschrieben. Das Ziel des Projektes Verteilter Contentspeicher war die Speicherung, Erschließung und das Angebot der digitalen Bestände der Journale und Dokumente der KOBV-Bibliotheken zu ermöglichen. Die Eignung der Suchmaschine FAST für das Projektvorhaben wurde systematisch und gründlich getestet, indem verschiedene Dokumentmengen mit FAST indexiert wurden.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: German
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  • 114
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-11
    Description: The thesis deals with the implementation and application of out-of-the-box tools in linear and mixed integer programming. It documents the lessons learned and conclusions drawn from five years of implementing, maintaining, extending, and using several computer codes to solve real-life industrial problems. By means of several examples it is demonstrated how to apply algebraic modeling languages to rapidly devise mathematical models of real-world problems. It is shown that today's MIP solvers are capable of solving the resulting mixed integer programs, leading to an approach that delivers results very quickly. Even though, problems are tackled that not long ago required the implementation of specialized branch-and-cut algorithms. In the first part of the thesis the modeling language Zimpl is introduced. Chapter 2 contains a complete description of the language. In the subsequent chapter details of the implementation are described. Both theoretical and practical considerations are discussed. Aspects of software engineering, error prevention, and detection are addressed. In the second part several real-world projects are examined that employed the methodology and the tools developed in the first part. Chapter 4 presents three projects from the telecommunication industry dealing with facility location problems. Chapter 5 characterizes questions that arise in UMTS planning. Problems, models, and solutions are discussed. Special emphasis is put on the dependency of the precision of the input data and the results. Possible reasons for unexpected and undesirable solutions are explained. Finally, the Steiner tree packing problem in graphs, a well-known hard combinatorial problem, is revisited. A formerly known, but not yet used model is applied to combine switchbox wire routing and via minimization. All instances known from the literature are solved by this approach, as are some newly generated bigger problem instances.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: doctoralthesis , doc-type:doctoralThesis
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  • 115
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: We develop and experimentally compare policies for the control of a system of $k$ elevators with capacity one in a transport environment with $\ell$ floors, an idealized version of a pallet elevator system in a large distribution center of the Herlitz PBS AG in Falkensee. Each elevator in the idealized system has an individual waiting queue of infinite capacity. On each floor, requests arrive over time in global waiting queues of infinite capacity. The goal is to find a policy that, without any knowledge about future requests, assigns an elevator to each req uest and a schedule to each elevator so that certain expected cost functions (e.g., the average or the maximal flow times) are minimized. We show that a reoptimization policy for minimizing average sq uared waiting times can be implemented to run in real-time ($1\,s$) using dynamic column generation. Moreover, in discrete event simulations with Poisson input it outperforms other commonly used polic ies like multi-server variants of greedy and nearest neighbor.
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    Language: English
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  • 116
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: A method based on infinite parameter conservation laws is described to factor linear differential operators out of nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) or out of differential consequences of nonlinear PDEs. This includes a complete linearization to an equivalent linear PDE (-system) if that is possible. Infinite parameter conservation laws can be computed, for example, with the computer algebra package {\sc ConLaw}.
    Keywords: ddc:000
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  • 117
    Publication Date: 2022-03-11
    Description: Motivated by recent work on integrable flows of curves and 1+1 dimensional sigma models, several $O(N)$-invariant classes of hyperbolic equations $Utx=f(U,Ut,Ux)$ for an $N$-component vector $U(t,x)$ are considered. In each class we find all scaling-homogeneous equations admitting a higher symmetry of least possible scaling weight. Sigma model interpretations of these equations are presented.
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  • 118
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: Quadratic Hamiltonians with a linear Lie-Poisson bracket have a number of applications in mechanics. For example, the Lie-Poisson bracket $e(3)$ includes the Euler-Poinsot model describing motion of a rigid body around a fixed point under gravity and the Kirchhoff model describes the motion of a rigid body in ideal fluid. Advances in computer algebra algorithms, in implementations and hardware, together allow the computation of Hamiltonians with higher degree first integrals providing new results in the search for integrable models. A computer algebra module enabling related computations in a 3-dimensional vector formalism is described.
    Keywords: ddc:000
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  • 119
    Publication Date: 2016-06-09
    Description: We give an algorithm to compute $N$ steps of a convolution quadrature approximation to a continuous temporal convolution using only $O(N\, \log N)$ multiplications and $O(\log N)$ active memory. The method does not require evaluations of the convolution kernel, but instead $O(\log N)$ evaluations of its Laplace transform, which is assumed sectorial. The algorithm can be used for the stable numerical solution with quasi-optimal complexity of linear and nonlinear integral and integro-differential equations of convolution type. In a numerical example we apply it to solve a subdiffusion equation with transparent boundary conditions.
    Keywords: ddc:000
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  • 120
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: We describe a prototypical framework that further automates system management by composing complex management tasks from elementary actions, and executing composite tasks with feedback-awareness. {\sl FEEDBACKFLOW} implements a general closed control loop of \emph{planning - execution - result validation - replanning}, and generates workflows of system management actions in an adaptive manner. System-dependent behaviour of the loop is specified by declarative description of the domain (essentially descriptions of available actions), and statement of the goal. We evaluate the design of this framework on examples taken from resource construction in Utility Computing environments, and discuss the challenges we have encountered. Our implementation utilizes external components such as \emph{MBP}, a \emph{PDDL}-conform planner, and \emph{Triana}, a workflow specification and execution framework. An alternative approach involving \emph{BPEL4WS} is discussed.
    Keywords: ddc:000
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  • 121
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: For a real world problem --- transporting pallets between warehouses in order to guarantee sufficient supply for known and additional stochastic demand --- we propose a solution approach via convex relaxation of an integer programming formulation, suitable for online optimization. The essential new element linking routing and inventory management is a convex piecewise linear cost function that is based on minimizing the expected number of pallets that still need transportation. For speed, the convex relaxation is solved approximately by a bundle approach yielding an online schedule in 5 to 12 minutes for up to 3 warehouses and 40000 articles; in contrast, computation times of state of the art LP-solvers are prohibitive for online application. In extensive numerical experiments on a real world data stream, the approximate solutions exhibit negligible loss in quality; in long term simulations the proposed method reduces the average number of pallets needing transportation due to short term demand to less than half the number observed in the data stream.
    Keywords: ddc:000
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  • 122
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: This paper introduces a new algorithm of conformational analysis based on mesh-free methods as described in [M. Weber. Mehless methods in Conformation Dynamics.(2005)]. The adaptive decomposition of the conformational space by softly limiting functions avoids trapping effects and allows adaptive refinement strategies. These properties of the algorithm makes ZIBgridfree particularly suitable for the complete exploration of high-dimensional conformational space. The adaptive control of the algorithm benefits from the tight integration of molecular simulation and conformational analysis. An emphasized part of the analysis is the Robust Perron Cluster Analysis (PCCA+) based on the work of Peter Deuflhard and Marcus Weber. PCCA+ supports an almost-characteristic cluster definition with an outstanding mapping of transition states. The outcome is expressed by the metastable sets of conformations, their thermodynamic weights and flexibility.
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  • 123
    Publication Date: 2021-08-05
    Description: This paper reports on the fourth version of the Mixed Integer Programming Library. Since ({\sc miplib}) is to provide a concise set of challenging problems, it became necessary to purge instances that became too easy. We present an overview of the 27 new problems and statistical data for all 60 instances.
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    Language: English
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  • 124
    Publication Date: 2021-02-01
    Description: Der Artikel beschreibt ein mathematisches Optimierungssystem zur Betriebsplanung in großen Wassernetzen, das bei den Berliner Wasserbetrieben eingesetzt wird. Für das Berliner Versorgungsnetz werden Optimierungsergebnisse vorgestellt.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: German
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  • 125
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: \\ Zusammenfassung: Der Kooperative Bibliotheksverbund Berlin-Brandenburg (KOBV) betreibt für das KOBV-Portal einen Austausch von Beschreibungen zu elektronischen Ressourcen (Metadaten), der zwisc zwischen verschiedenen Informationsportalen in der Region durchgeführt wird. Die unterschiedlichen Informationsportale verwenden verschiedene Metadaten-Schemata und Austausch-Formate für ihre Ressourcebeschreibungen. Um die Heterogenität der Metadaten zu überwinden, wurde der KOBV-Metadaten-Austausch-Parser (KMA-Parser) entwickelt. Andere Metadaten-Schemata werden auf das KOBV-Metadaten-Schema abgebildet. Der KMA-Parser führt gegebenenfalls eine Format-Transformation durch, konvertiert die Inhalte einzelner Elemente über Konkordanzen und erzeugt neue Metadaten-Elemente aus vorhandenen Feldern. Er validiert den Inhalt auf Vollständigkeit und steuert den Austausch der Metadaten zwischen den Portalen. Der Umwandlungsprozess funktioniert jedoch nicht nur in die Richtung des KOBV-Portals, sondern auch in die entgegengesetzte Richtung. Der Artikel beschreibt die einzelnen Vorgänge im KMA-Parser und schildert die Erfahrungen im Umgang mit der Heterogenität von Metadaten. Die gewonnenen Erfahrungen verweisen auf grundlegende Perspektiven in der universellen Zusammenarbeit von Informationsanbietern und -providern.The Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund Berlin-Brandenburg (KOBV) has built a framework for a bi-directional exchange workflow of electronic resourcesÆ descriptions (metadata) between the KOBV Portal and other Information Portals in the region. The Information Portals use different exchange formats, metadata schemata and controlled vocabularies for their descriptions of resources. In order to overcome this metadata heterogeneity, an application, the KOBV Metadata Exchange Parser (KMA-Parser), has been developed. The KMA-Parser maps the local portalsÆ metadata schemata into the metadata schema of the KOBV Portal. If necessary, it transforms the exchange format, converts contents of individual elements by means roduces new metadata elements on the basis of existent elements. It checks elementsÆ contents on completeness and controls the metadata exchange between the portals. However, the transformation process takes place not only towards the KOBV Portal, but al so vice versa. The article describes the individual processes in the KMA Parser and depicts the experiences in handling the metadataÆs heterogeneity. The experiences gathered give an idea of the prospects for a universal cooperation between information suppliers and providers.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: German
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  • 126
    Publication Date: 2021-01-22
    Description: \newcommand{\chordsharp}{Chord$^\##$} Data lookup is a fundamental problem in peer-to-peer systems: Given a key, find the node that stores the associated object. Chord and other P2P algorithms use distributed hash tables (DHTs) to distribute the keys and nodes evenly across a logical ring. Using an efficient routing strategy, DHTs provide a routing performance of $O (\log N)$ in networks of $N$ nodes. While the routing performance has been shown to be optimal, the uniform key distribution makes it impossible for DHTs to support range queries. For range queries, consecutive keys must be stored on lo gically neighboring nodes. In this paper, we present an enhancement of Chord that eliminates the hash function while keeping the same routing performance. The resulting algorithm, named \chordsharp{}, provides a richer function ality while maintaining the same complexity. In addition to Chord, \chordsharp{} adapts to load imbalance.
    Keywords: ddc:000
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  • 127
    Publication Date: 2019-01-29
    Description: This paper is concerned with the sensitivities of function space oriented interior point approximations in parameter dependent problems. For an abstract setting that covers control constrained optimal control problems, the convergence of interior point sensitivities to the sensitivities of the optimal solution is shown. Error bounds for $L_q$ norms are derived and illustrated with numerical examples.
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  • 128
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: We present an approach to implement an auction of railway slots. Railway network, train driving characteristics, and safety requirements are described by a simplified, but still complex macroscopic model. In this environment, slots are modelled as combinations of scheduled track segments. The auction design builds on the iterative combinatorial auction. However, combinatorial bids are restricted to some types of slot bundles that realize positive synergies between slots. We present a bidding language that allows bidding for these slot bundles. An integer programming approach is proposed to solve the winner determination problem of our auction. Computational results for auction simulations in the Hannover-Fulda-Kassel area of the German railway network give evidence that auction approaches can induce a more efficient use of railway capacity.
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  • 129
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: Das Travelling-Salesman-Problem (TSP) ist das am intensivsten untersuchte kombinatorische Optimierungsproblem. In diesem Abschnitt wird eine Einführung in das TSP gegeben. Es werden Problemstellungen erläutert, Anwendungen skizziert und einige Schwierigkeiten bei der korrekten Modellierung der Zielfunktion dargelegt. Es ist gar nicht so klar, was in einem konkreten Problem die wirkliche Entfernung ist. Exakte und approximative Lösungsverfahren werden an Beispielen skizziert, und es wird angedeutet, dass man, obwohl TSPs zu den theoretisch schweren Problemen zählen, in der Praxis TSPs von atemberaubender Größe lösen kann.
    Keywords: ddc:000
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  • 130
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: Mit der Installation des neuen Hochleistungsrechners für die norddeutschen Länder (HLRN) steht den Wissenschaftlern ein außergewöhnlich leistungsfähiges System zur Verfügung. Durch die Verteilung der Rechenelemente auf zwei verschiedene Standorte in Berlin (ZIB) und Hannover (RRZN) entstehen jedoch auch neue Herausforderungen für den Betrieb und die effiziente Nutzung des Rechners. Inhalt dieses Projektes ist die Erforschung und Lösung der durch die Verteilung des Systems hervorgerufenen Probleme (z.B. Scheduling, Kommunikation, I/O). Es werden effiziente Lösungen zur Bereitstellung eines virtuellen, hoch-performanten und transparenten Systems entwickelt, die auf vergleichbare Installationen übertragbar sind.
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  • 131
    Publication Date: 2014-11-10
    Description: We study the complexity of two Inverse Shortest Paths (ISP) problems with integer arc lengths and the requirement for uniquely determined shortest paths. Given a collection of paths in a directed graph, the task is to find positive integer arc lengths such that the given paths are uniquely determined shortest paths between their respective terminals. The first problem seeks for arc lengths that minimize the length of the longest of the prescribed paths. In the second problem, the length of the longest arc is to be minimized. We show that it is $np-hard$ to approximate the minimal longest path length within a factor less than $8/7$ or the minimal longest arc length within a factor less than $9/8$. This answers the (previously) open question whether these problems are $np-hard$ or not. We also present a simple algorithm that achieves an $\mathcal{O}(|V|)$-approximation guarantee for both variants. Both ISP problems arise in the planning of telecommunication networks with shortest path routing protocols. Our results imply that it is $\mathcal{NP}$-hard to decide whether a given path set can be realized with a real shortest path routing protocol such as OSPF, IS-IS, or RIP.
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  • 132
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: We perform a classification of integrable systems of mixed scalar and vector evolution equations with respect to higher symmetries. We consider polynomial systems that are homogeneous under a suitable weighting of variables. This paper deals with the KdV weighting, the Burgers (or potential KdV or modified KdV) weighting, the Ibragimov--Shabat weighting and two unfamiliar weightings. The case of other weightings will be studied in a subsequent paper. Making an ansatz for undetermined coefficients and using a computer package for solving bilinear algebraic systems, we give the complete lists of $2^{\mbox{\scriptsize nd }}$order systems with a $3^{\mbox{\scriptsize rd }}$order or a $4^{\mbox{\scriptsize th }}$order symmetry and $3^{\mbox{\scriptsize rd }}$order systems with a $5^{\mbox{\scriptsize th }}$order symmetry. For all but a few systems in the lists, we show that the system (or, at least a subsystem of it) admits either a Lax representation or a linearizing transformation. A thorough comparison with recent work of Foursov and Olver is made.
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  • 133
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: The result after $N$ steps of an implicit Runge-Kutta time discretization of an inhomogeneous linear parabolic differential equation is computed, up to accuracy $\varepsilon$, by solving only $$O\Big(\log N\, \log \frac1\varepsilon \Big) $$ linear systems of equations. We derive, analyse, and numerically illustrate this fast algorithm.
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  • 134
    Publication Date: 2020-11-13
    Description: In this paper, we study wavelength assignment problems in multi-fiber WDM networks. We focus on the special case that all lightpaths have at most two links. This in particular holds in case the network topology is a star. As the links incident to a specific node in a meshed topology form a star subnetwork, results for stars are also of interest for general meshed topologies. We show that wavelength assignment with at most two links per lightpath can be modeled as a generalized edge coloring problem. By this relation, we show that for a network with an even number of fibers at all links and at most two links per lightpath, all lightpaths can be assigned a wavelength without conversion. Moreover, we derive a lower bound on the number of lightpaths to be converted for networks with arbitrary numbers of fibers at the links. A comparison with linear programming lower bounds reveals that the bounds coincide for problems with at most two links per lightpath. For meshed topologies, the cumulative lower bound over all star subnetworks equals the best known solution value for all realistic wavelength assignment instances available, by this proving optimality.
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  • 135
    Publication Date: 2014-11-21
    Description: We prove that the Random-Edge simplex algorithm requires an expected number of at most $13n/sqrt(d)$ pivot steps on any simple d-polytope with n vertices. This is the first nontrivial upper bound for general polytopes. We also describe a refined analysis that potentially yields much better bounds for specific classes of polytopes. As one application, we show that for combinatorial d-cubes, the trivial upper bound of $2^d$ on the performance of Random-Edge can asymptotically be improved by any desired polynomial factor in d.
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  • 136
    Publication Date: 2014-11-10
    Description: In diesem Artikel werden die Optimierungsmodelle und -verfahren beschrieben, die bei der Planung des Kernnetzes und der Zugangsinfrastruktur des X-WiN verwendet wurden.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: German
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  • 137
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: Die Anwendung mathematischer Methoden und Verfahren wird immer mehr zur Voraussetzung innovativer Produkte und Dienstleistungen. Um neue Produkte und Dienstleistungen zu entwickeln, müssen die Produktions- und technologischen Prozesse mathematisch modelliert, beschrieben und optimiert werden. Diesen Umstand Rechnung tragend, hat das Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) 1993 begonnen, den Einsatz mathematischer Verfahren und Methoden in der Mathematik über ein spezielles Mathematikprogramm zu fördern. Inzwischen hat die vierte Förderperiode des Mathematikprogramms begonnen. \par Das Medium Internet und insbesondere das WWW sind für die Sichtbarkeit und Transparenz wissenschaftlicher Resultate in den letzten zehn Jahren immer wichtiger geworden. Wer nicht im Web "'sichtbar"' ist, läuft Gefahr, nicht wahrgenommen zu werden. Intention und Ziel des durchgeführten Projekts war es, ein Konzept für eine qualitativ hochwertige und umfassende Darstellung des BMBF Mathematikprogramms, insbesondere der in den Projekten erzielten Ergebnisse, zu entwickeln und zu realisieren und damit den Stellenwert und die Akzeptanz mathematischer Forschung in der Gesellschaft zu festigen und den Wissenstransfer zwischen mathematischer Forschung sowie Forschung und Entwicklung in der Wirtschaft und dem Dienstleistungsbereich zu fördern.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: German
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  • 138
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: Die KOBV-Zentrale betreibt mit dem KOBV-Portal neben der Metasuche in freien Online-Katalogen und Datenbanken ein Nachweisinstrument für elektronische Ressourcen, die von den Bibliotheken Berlin-Brandenburgs lizenziert sind und darüber hinaus diejenigen, die frei zugänglich sowie wissenschaftlich relevant sind. Die Erschließung der freien Ressourcen übernimmt eine kooperative Fachredaktion, die sich aus FachreferentInnen und -lektorInnen aus der Region rekrutiert. Dabei übernimmt jede beteiligte Person die Betreuung einer oder mehrerer Fachgruppen der Dewey Decimal-Classification (DDC) eigenverantwortlich. Die Aufgabe aller FachredakteurInnen besteht in der inhaltlichen Beschreibung, der Klassifizierung, der Vergabe von Schlagworten und der regelmäßigen Reevaluation der einzelnen Ressourcen. Die KOBV-Zentrale hat hierfür einen Kriterienkatalog entwickelt, der als Grundlage für die Beurteilung von elektronischen Ressourcen dient. Erschlossen werden die Ressourcen schließlich über ein webbasierte Eingabe-Tool, dem Metadata-Tool der KOBV-Zentrale. Über eine Mailingliste wird der Abstimmungsbedarf untereinander gedeckt und Diskussionen geführt, die das Projekt weiterführen sollen. Der Artikel beschreibt das Konzept der kooperativen Fachredaktion für freie Ressourcen, die Vorgänge und die Arbeiten, die für die Initiierung notwendig waren.
    Keywords: ddc:000
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  • 139
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: We present a new algorithm for fairing of space curves with respect spatial constraints based on a vector valued curvature function. Smoothing with the vector valued curvature function is superior to standard Frenet techniques since the individual scalar components can be modeled similar to curvature-based curve smoothing techniques in 2d. This paper describes a curve smoothing flow that satisfies strict spatial constraints and allows simultaneous control of both curvature functions.
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  • 140
    Publication Date: 2016-06-09
    Description: Scattering problems in integrated optics can be modeled in simple cases by the Helmholtz equation. The computational domain is truncated by a non-reflecting boundary condition. We investigate Schwarz algorithms with a sort of DtN operator, realized by the PML-method, at the interfaces of the sub-domains as an iterative solver.
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  • 141
    Publication Date: 2019-05-10
    Description: Adaptive numerical methods in space and time are introduced and studied for multiscale cardiac reaction-diffusion models in three dimensions. The evolution of a complete heartbeat, from the excitation to the recovery phase, is simulated with both the anisotropic Bidomain and Monodomain models, coupled with either a variant of the simple FitzHugh-Nagumo model or the more complex phase-I Luo-Rudy ionic model. The simulations are performed with the {\sc kardos} library, that employs adaptive finite elements in space and adaptive linearly implicit methods in time. The numerical results show that this adaptive method successfully solves these complex cardiac reaction-diffusion models on three-dimensional domains of moderate sizes. By automatically adapting the spatial meshes and time steps to the proper scales in each phase of the heartbeat, the method accurately resolves the evolution of the intra- and extra-cellular potentials, gating variables and ion concentrations during the excitation, plateau and recovery phases.
    Keywords: ddc:000
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  • 142
    Publication Date: 2021-02-01
    Description: Mathematical decision support for operative planning in water supply systems is highly desirable but leads to very difficult optimization problems. We propose a nonlinear programming approach that yields practically satisfactory operating schedules in acceptable computing time even for large networks. Based on a carefully designed model supporting gradient-based optimization algorithms, this approach employs a special initialization strategy for convergence acceleration, special minimum up and down time constraints together with pump aggregation to handle switching decisions, and several network reduction techniques for further speed-up. Results for selected application scenarios at Berliner Wasserbetriebe demonstrate the success of the approach.
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  • 143
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: The theory of hierarchical Boolean satisfiability (SAT) solving proposed in this paper is based on a strict axiomatic system and introduces a new important notion of implicativity. The theory makes evident that increasing implicativity is the core of SAT-solving. We provide a theoretical basis for increasing the implicativity of a given SAT instance and for organizing SAT-solving in a hierarchical way. The theory opens a new domain of research: SAT-model construction. Now quite different mathematical models can be used within practical SAT-solvers. The theory covers many advanced techniques such as circuit-oriented SAT-solving, mixed BDD/CNF SAT-solving, merging gates, using pseudo-Boolean constraints, using state machines for representation of Boolean functions, arithmetic reasoning, and managing don t cares. We believe that hierarchical SAT-solving is a cardinal direction of research in practical SAT-solving.
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  • 144
    Publication Date: 2020-12-15
    Description: The \emph{fare planning problem} for public transport is to design a system of fares that maximize the revenue. We introduce a nonlinear optimization model to approach this problem. It is based on a d iscrete choice logit model that expresses demand as a function of the fares. We illustrate our approach by computing and comparing two different fare systems for the intercity network of the Netherlands.
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  • 145
    Publication Date: 2020-12-15
    Description: The line planning problem is one of the fundamental problems in strategic planning of public and rail transport. It consists in finding lines and corresponding frequencies in a network such that a giv en demand can be satisfied. There are two objectives. Passengers want to minimize travel times, the transport company wishes to minimize operating costs. We investigate three variants of a multi-commo dity flow model for line planning that differ with respect to passenger routings. The first model allows arbitrary routings, the second only unsplittable routings, and the third only shortest path rou tings with respect to the network. We compare these models theoretically and computationally on data for the city of Potsdam.
    Keywords: ddc:000
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  • 146
    Publication Date: 2020-11-13
    Description: \documentclass[12pt]{article} \usepackage{german} \parindent=0pt \begin{document} Im KOBV wird für die Online-Fernleihe der Zentrale-Fernleihserver (ZFL-Server) der Firma Sisis eingesetzt. Die Software ist in der KOBV-Zentrale installiert. Der ZFL-Server dient im KOBV sowohl für die Bestellung von Monographien als auch für die Bestellung von Aufsatzkopien aus Zeitschriften. Prinzipiell gibt es zwei Verfahren, mit denen sich Bibliotheken an der Online-Fernleihe beteiligen können: das E-Mail-Verfahren und das SLNP-Verfahren. Auf beide wird im Handbuch eingegangen. Die Online-Fernleihe wurde im KOBV eingeführt, um die Fernleihe für die Benutzer zu beschleunigen, das Verfahren für die Bibliotheksmitarbeiter zu vereinfachen und den Arbeitsaufwand zu reduzieren. Sie basiert darauf, dass eine Bestellung anhand eines gefundenen Treffers ausgelöst wird - d.h. die bibliographischen Daten sind bereits verifiziert und in einem Katalog nachgewiesen. Anschlie\"send werden die Fernleihbestellungen über den ZFL-Server automatisch ausgeführt und verwaltet - sowohl in der regionalen KOBV-Fernleihe als auch in der verbundübergreifenden Fernleihe mit den deutschen Bibliotheksverbünden. Der ZFL-Server besteht aus verschiedenen technischen Komponenten. Eine dieser Komponenten ist das Bibliothekskonto, eine Internetanwendung, in der die Bestellverwaltung des ZFL-Servers im Internet für die Bibliotheksbediensteten transparent gemacht wird. Sowohl für die aktive als auch für die passive Fernleihe ist im Bibliothekskonto der Status der Bearbeitung zu jedem Zeitpunkt ersichtlich, z.B. in welcher Bibliothek sich die Bestellung gerade befindet, wann sie dort eingegangen ist und wann sie weggeschickt wurde, ob mit positivem oder negativem Ergebnis. Das Bibliothekskonto ist damit für die Bibliothek ein komfortables Instrument zum Überwachen der Fernleihbestellungen, in dem sie zudem - falls notwendig - in den Bestellvorgang eingreifen kann. Dazu hat jede Bibliothek im Bibliothekskonto eine eigene, Passwort-geschützte Dienstoberfläche. Das vorliegende Handbuch beschreibt die Vorgänge der Bestellverwaltung im Bibliothekskonto. Es richtet sich an Bibliotheksmitarbeiter, die sich mit den einzelnen Arbeitsschritten der Online-Fernleihe vertraut machen wollen. Darüber hinaus ist es zum Nachschlagen gedacht, wenn sich in der täglichen Arbeit Unklarheiten ergeben. \end{document}
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: German
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  • 147
    Publication Date: 2022-03-14
    Description: The Feasibility Pump of Fischetti, Glover, Lodi, and Bertacco has proved to be a very successful heuristic for finding feasible solutions of mixed integer programs. The quality of the solutions in terms of the objective value, however, tends to be poor. This paper proposes a slight modification of the algorithm in order to find better solutions. Extensive computational results show the success of this variant: in 89 out of 121 MIP instances the modified version produces improved solutions in comparison to the original Feasibility Pump.
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  • 148
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: In this letter we report on a numerical investigation of the Aoki phase in the case of finite temperature which continues our former study at zero temperature. We have performed simulations with Wilson fermions at $\beta=4.6$ using lattices with temporal extension $N_{\tau}=4$. In contrast to the zero temperature case, the existence of an Aoki phase can be confirmed for a small range in $\kappa$ at $\beta=4.6$, however, shifted slightly to lower $\kappa$. Despite fine-tuning $\kappa$ we could not separate the thermal transition line from the Aoki phase.
    Keywords: ddc:000
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  • 149
    Publication Date: 2021-02-01
    Description: The dynamics of pressurized water distribution networks are naturally modeled by differential algebraic equations (DAE). This paper investigates fundamental structural properties of such a DAE model under weak regularity assumptions. The usual partial derivative-based index-1 condition is shown to be necessary and sufficient for several index concepts, as well as sufficient for solvability in a strong sense. Using the physical properties of nonlinear network elements and the inherent saddle point structure of network hydraulics, we then derive purely topological index criteria based on the network graph and the choice of control variables. Several examples illustrate the theoretical results and explore different non-index-1 situations. A brief discussion of the implications for operative planning by discrete time DAE boundary value problems concludes the paper.
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  • 150
    Publication Date: 2020-02-11
    Description: Using the popular puzzle game of Sudoku, this article highlights some of the ideas and topics covered in ZR-04-58.
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  • 151
    Publication Date: 2021-03-16
    Description: Perfect graphs constitute a well-studied graph class with a rich structure, reflected by many characterizations with respect to different concepts. Perfect graphs are, for instance, precisely those graphs $G$ where the stable set polytope $STAB(G)$ coincides with the fractional stable set polytope $QSTAB(G)$. For all imperfect graphs $G$ it holds that $STAB(G) \subset QSTAB(G)$. It is, therefore, natural to use the difference between the two polytopes in order to decide how far an imperfect graph is away from being perfect; we discuss three different concepts, involving the facet set of $STAB( G)$, the disjunctive index of $QSTAB(G)$, and the dilation ratio of the two polytopes. Including only certain types of facets for $STAB(G)$, we obtain graphs that are in some sense close to perfect graphs, for example minimally immperfect graphs, and certain other classes of so-called rank-perfect graphs. The imperfection ratio has been introduced by (Gerke and McDiarmid, 2001) as the dilation ratio of $STAB(G)$ and $QSTAB(G)$, whereas (Aguilera et al., 2003) suggest to take the disjunctive index of $Q STAB(G)$ as the imperfection index of $G$. For both invariants there exist no general upper bounds, but there are bounds known for the imperfection ratio of several graph classes (Coulonges et al. 2005, Gerke and McDiarmid, 2001). Outgoing from a graph-theoretical interpretation of the imperfection index, we conclude that the imperfection index is NP-hard to compute and we prove that there exists no upper bound on the imperfect ion index for those graph classes with a known bounded imperfection ratio. Comparing the two invariants on those classes, it seems that the imperfection index measures imperfection much more roughly than the imperfection ratio; therefoe, discuss possible directions for refinements.
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  • 152
    Publication Date: 2020-11-13
    Description: Many online problems encountered in real-life involve a two-stage decision process: upon arrival of a new request, an irrevocable first-stage decision (the assignment of a specific resource to the request) must be made immediately, while in a second stage process, certain ``subinstances'' (that is, the instances of all requests assigned to a particular resource) can be solved to optimality (offline) later. We introduce the novel concept of an \emph{Online Target Date Assignment Problem} (\textsc{OnlineTDAP}) as a general framework for online problems with this nature. Requests for the \textsc{OnlineTDAP} become known at certain dates. An online algorithm has to assign a target date to each request, specifying on which date the request should be processed (e.\,g., an appointment with a customer for a washing machine repair). The cost at a target date is given by the \emph{downstream cost}, the optimal cost of processing all requests at that date w.\,r.\,t.\ some fixed downstream offline optimization problem (e.\,g., the cost of an optimal dispatch for service technicians). We provide general competitive algorithms for the \textsc{OnlineTDAP} independently of the particular downstream problem, when the overall objective is to minimize either the sum or the maximum of all downstream costs. As the first basic examples, we analyze the competitive ratios of our algorithms for the par ticular academic downstream problems of bin-packing, nonpreemptive scheduling on identical parallel machines, and routing a traveling salesman.
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  • 153
    Publication Date: 2022-07-19
    Description: Inhalt dieser Diplomarbeit ist ein Beleuchtungs- und Visualisierungsmodell für Pflanzen im interaktiven Landschaftsrendering. Ziel ist die qualitativ hochwertige Darstellung von einzelnen Individuen nahe des Betrachters, der seine Position in einer ansonsten statischen Szene frei wählen kann. Um dies zu erreichen wird zunächst vorgestellt, wie ausgehend von einfachen 3D-Modellen und Materialien ein physikalisch basiertes Reflexionsmodell parametrisiert werden kann. Grund hierfür ist der oftmals vorhandene umfangreiche Datenbestand, der auf die OpenGL-Materialien oder ähnliche Shader optimiert ist. Anschließend wird gezeigt, wie die Echtzeit-Renderingtechniken Shadow Mapping und Precomputed Radiance Transfer kombiniert werden können, um sowohl exakte hochfrequente direkte Beleuchtung als auch niederfrequentes indirektes Streulicht zu berücksichtigen. Diese Kombination wird an Hand der Pfad-Notation des Monte-Carlo-Path-Tracing eingeführt und begründet.
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    Language: German
    Type: masterthesis , doc-type:masterThesis
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  • 154
    Publication Date: 2024-02-09
    Description: Die hierarchische Organisation von Dateien beherrscht Computersysteme seit vielen Jahren und wird sich vermutlich auch in Zukunft weiterhin durchsetzen. Dennoch stößt diese Verwaltungsmethode in einem klassischen hierarchischen Dateisystem bei dem jährlichen rasanten Zuwachs an neuen Daten an ihre Grenzen, auch wenn Nutzer eine ausgefeilte Verzeichnisstruktur mit einer disziplinierten Namensgebung konsequent auf- und ausbauen. Um den Überblick über die Dateien zu behalten, werden in dieser Arbeit neue Verwaltungsmethoden vorgestellt und in die hierarchische Dateisystemsicht eingebettet. Auf der Basis des hierarchischen Dateisystems bietet ein metadatenbasiertes Dateisystem neben dem hierarchischen Zugriff noch einen flexiblen, assoziativen Zugriff auf Dateien über virtuelle Objekte, indem Suchmethoden in Form einer Anfrage auf in einer Datenbank gespeicherte Index- und Metadaten angewendet werden. Das Ergebnis dieser Abfrage wird mit Hilfe von virtuellen Verzeichnissen und virtuellen Dateien in einer übersichtlichen Form dargestellt, so dass eine Nutzung der hierarchischen Sicht weiterhin intuitiv fortgesetzt wird. Das Datenmanagementsystem ZIBDMS, welches einen verteilten Metadatenkatalog und einen Dateireplikationskatalog beinhaltet, ermöglicht es, die oben genannten Verwaltungsmethoden für die NFS-Schnittstelle, CORBA-Middleware und Web Services transparent zu implementieren. Zudem stellt ZIBDMS weitere neue Dateiverwaltungsmethoden zur Verfügung, die sich in die hierarchische Dateisystemsicht integrieren lassen. Metadaten in Form von Attribut-Wert-Paaren lassen sich als virtuelle Datei darstellen und editieren. Eine Collection bietet die Möglichkeit, Dateien in einem logischen virtuellen Ordner zu organisieren. Mit einem Dependency-Graph lassen sich Dateien zueinander in Relation stellen, so dass eine Linkstruktur zwischen Dateien ausgedrückt werden kann. Das Verweiskonzept eines klassischen hierarchischen Dateisystems wird im ZIBDMS um eine neue Verweisart Weak-Link erweitert, um einen aktualisierbaren, konsistenten und zyklenfreien symbolischen Link anzubieten. In einer hierarchischen Sicht lässt sich durch Verweise ein Baum bilden, in dem eine Navigation und Verweisauflistung möglich sind, was außer ZIBDMS noch kein anderes System bietet.
    Description: The hierarchical organization of files has dominated computer systems for many years and this will probably not change in the near future. However, with the rapid annual growth of new data this classical hierarchical file system management method reaches its limitations, even when the user consistently sets up and continually expands an elaborated directory structure with well-disciplined naming. This paper introduces new management methods to maintain an overview of all files which can be embedded in the hierarchical file system. A metadata-based file system, which is based on the hierarchical file system, offers, in addition to hierarchical access, a more flexible and associative access to files via virtual objects by providing query capabilities of index- and metadata which are stored in a database. The query results are presented in a clearly-arranged form of virtual directories and virtual files so that the intuitive hierarchical view continues to be maintained. The data management system ZIBDMS, which contains a distributed metadata catalog and a file replication catalog, permits a transparent implementation of these management methods for the NFS interface, CORBA-middleware or web services. Furthermore, ZIBDMS provides other new file management methods that can be integrated into the hierarchical file system view. Metadata in form of attribute-value-pairs can be presented and edited with a virtual file. A Collection makes it possible to organize files in logical virtual folders. Using a Dependency graph, files can be related to each other and expressed through a link structure between these files. In the ZIBDMS the reference concept of a classical hierarchal file system is extended with a new kind of reference called Weak Link in order to provide up-to-date, consistent and cycle-free symbolic links. With the references a tree can be established in a hierarchical view in which navigation and listing of references are possible; this capability is only possible in the ZIBDMS system.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: German
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 155
    Publication Date: 2024-02-09
    Description: Die hierarchische Organisation von Dateien beherrscht Computersysteme seit vielen Jahren und wird sich vermutlich auch in Zukunft weiterhin durchsetzen. Dennoch stößt diese Verwaltungsmethode in einem klassischen hierarchischen Dateisystem bei dem jährlichen rasanten Zuwachs an neuen Daten an ihre Grenzen, auch wenn Nutzer eine ausgefeilte Verzeichnisstruktur mit einer disziplinierten Namensgebung konsequent auf- und ausbauen. Um den Überblick über die Dateien zu behalten, werden in dieser Arbeit neue Verwaltungsmethoden vorgestellt und in die hierarchische Dateisystemsicht eingebettet. Auf der Basis des hierarchischen Dateisystems bietet ein metadatenbasiertes Dateisystem neben dem hierarchischen Zugriff noch einen flexiblen, assoziativen Zugriff auf Dateien über virtuelle Objekte, indem Suchmethoden in Form einer Anfrage auf in einer Datenbank gespeicherte Index- und Metadaten angewendet werden. Das Ergebnis dieser Abfrage wird mit Hilfe von virtuellen Verzeichnissen und virtuellen Dateien in einer übersichtlichen Form dargestellt, so dass eine Nutzung der hierarchischen Sicht weiterhin intuitiv fortgesetzt wird. Das Datenmanagementsystem ZIBDMS, welches einen verteilten Metadatenkatalog und einen Dateireplikationskatalog beinhaltet, ermöglicht es, die oben genannten Verwaltungsmethoden für die NFS-Schnittstelle, CORBA-Middleware und Web Services transparent zu implementieren. Zudem stellt ZIBDMS weitere neue Dateiverwaltungsmethoden zur Verfügung, die sich in die hierarchische Dateisystemsicht integrieren lassen. Metadaten in Form von Attribut-Wert-Paaren lassen sich als virtuelle Datei darstellen und editieren. Eine Collection bietet die Möglichkeit, Dateien in einem logischen virtuellen Ordner zu organisieren. Mit einem Dependency-Graph lassen sich Dateien zueinander in Relation stellen, so dass eine Linkstruktur zwischen Dateien ausgedrückt werden kann. Das Verweiskonzept eines klassischen hierarchischen Dateisystems wird im ZIBDMS um eine neue Verweisart Weak-Link erweitert, um einen aktualisierbaren, konsistenten und zyklenfreien symbolischen Link anzubieten. In einer hierarchischen Sicht lässt sich durch Verweise ein Baum bilden, in dem eine Navigation und Verweisauflistung möglich sind, was außer ZIBDMS noch kein anderes System bietet.
    Description: The hierarchical organization of files has dominated computer systems for many years and this will probably not change in the near future. However, with the rapid annual growth of new data this classical hierarchical file system management method reaches its limitations, even when the user consistently sets up and continually expands an elaborated directory structure with well-disciplined naming. This paper introduces new management methods to maintain an overview of all files which can be embedded in the hierarchical file system. A metadata-based file system, which is based on the hierarchical file system, offers, in addition to hierarchical access, a more flexible and associative access to files via virtual objects by providing query capabilities of index- and metadata which are stored in a database. The query results are presented in a clearly-arranged form of virtual directories and virtual files so that the intuitive hierarchical view continues to be maintained. The data management system ZIBDMS, which contains a distributed metadata catalog and a file replication catalog, permits a transparent implementation of these management methods for the NFS interface, CORBA-middleware or web services. Furthermore, ZIBDMS provides other new file management methods that can be integrated into the hierarchical file system view. Metadata in form of attribute-value-pairs can be presented and edited with a virtual file. A Collection makes it possible to organize files in logical virtual folders. Using a Dependency graph, files can be related to each other and expressed through a link structure between these files. In the ZIBDMS the reference concept of a classical hierarchal file system is extended with a new kind of reference called Weak Link in order to provide up-to-date, consistent and cycle-free symbolic links. With the references a tree can be established in a hierarchical view in which navigation and listing of references are possible; this capability is only possible in the ZIBDMS system.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: German
    Type: masterthesis , doc-type:masterThesis
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 156
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 11.10.Ef Lagrangian and Hamiltonian approach ; 11.55.Ds Exact S matrices ; 13.75.Gx Pion-baryon interactions ; 36.10.-k Exotic atoms and molecules (containing mesons, muons, and other unusual particles)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We study kaonic deuterium, the bound K-d state AK d. Within a quantum field-theoretic and relativistic covariant approach we derive the energy level displacement of the ground state of kaonic deuterium in terms of the amplitude of K-d scattering for arbitrary relative momenta. Near threshold our formula reduces to the well-known DGBT formula. The S-wave amplitude of K-d scattering near threshold is defined by the resonances Λ(1405), Σ(1750) and a smooth elastic background, and the inelastic channels K-d → NY and K-d → NYπ, where Y = Σ±,Σ{0} and Λ{0}, where the final-state interactions play an important role. The Ericson-Weise formula for the S-wave scattering length of K-d scattering is derived. The total width of the energy level of the ground state of kaonic deuterium is estimated using the theoretical predictions of the partial widths of the two-body decays AKd → NY and experimental data on the rates of the NY pair production in the reactions K-d → NY. We obtain Γ{1s} = (630±100)eV. For the shift of the energy level of the ground state of kaonic deuterium we predict ε{1s} = (325±60)eV.
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  • 157
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 11.10.Ef Lagrangian and Hamiltonian approach ; 13.75.Gx Pion-baryon interactions ; 36.10.-k Exotic atoms and molecules (containing mesons, muons, and other unusual particles) ; 26.65.+t Solar neutrinos
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Within the Nuclear Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model of light nuclei (the NNJL model), describing strong low-energy nuclear interactions, we compute the width of the energy level of the ground state of pionic deuterium. The theoretical value fits well the experimental data. Using the cross-sections for the reactions νe + d → p + p + e- and νe + d → p + n + νe, computed in the NNJL model, and the experimental values of the events of these reactions, detected by the SNO Collaboration, we compute the boron neutrino fluxes. The theoretical values agree well with the experimental data and the theoretical predictions within the Standard Solar Model by Bahcall. We argue the applicability of the constraints on the astrophysical factor for the solar proton burning, imposed by helioseismology, to the width of the energy level of the ground state of pionic deuterium. We show that the experimental data on the width satisfy these constraints. This testifies an indirect measurement of the recommended value of the astrophysical factor for the solar proton burning in terrestrial laboratories in terms of the width of the energy level of the ground state of pionic deuterium.
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  • 158
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 142 (1974), S. 411-431 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Cells in secretory glands of globiferous pedicellariae from Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (Stimpson) were studied with the electron microscope and subjected to preliminary light microscopic, histochemical analysis. Specimens for electron microscopic observation were fixed with chilled 2% glutaraldehyde in sea water postfixed in cold 1.33% osmic acid, and embedded in Araldite 502 epoxy resin Samples for histochemical analysis were fixed in the same manner, and then embedded in n-butylmethacrylate.Secretory cells line and fill partially bifurcated, muscular gland sacs located peripherally on each of three jaw elements comprising the pedicellarial head. Cells from venom glands are typically mucoid in appearance, possessing small volumes of basally displaced, vesiculated cytoplasm and an extensive system of vacuoles dominating the apical nine-tenths of each cell. These vacuoles enclose ground substances of various densities and staining affinities. Despite their extensive vacuolation, gland cells contain numerous cytomembrane complexes indicating metabolic activity just prior to fixation. Deciduous endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complexes, large vacuoles, and various species of vesicles associated with these membrane systems are found in spatial proximity which indicates an apparent biosynthetic association.Preliminary histochemical tests on sections embedded in acrylic plastic indicate vacuolar products may consist of protein and nonsulfated acid mucosubstances.Gland cells are probably holocrine in function, releasing their vacuolar complement upon constriction of the muscular gland sac. There is no evidence indicating delivery of non-membrane bounded, granular secretion to an acellular lumen within the gland sac.
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  • 159
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Transmission and scanning electron microscopic studies demonstrate the stimulatory effect of synthetic salmon calcitonin on the fine structure of fibroblasts and on collagen formation in cutaneous wounds experimentally induced in rabbits. Long-term administration of calcitonin enhances fibroblast growth and collagen synthesis. The fibroblasts hypertrophy and exhibit a highly developed rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), several polyribosomes, large nuclei, hypertrophic Golgi complex, and many dense granules and lysosomes. Mitochondria are elongate and ramify; intracellular as well as extracellular synthesis of collagen increases. Fibrils appear tightly packed, in large heaps or spicula, with a characteristic periodicity and striation.Scanning electron micrographs of topography and relationships with collagen fibers and fibrils and cells surface changes demonstrate an extensive network of fine fibrils between collagen fibers, marked ruffling of cell membranes as well as numerous blebs on the cell surface. The latter are significant in collagen formation and egestion.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 160
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Sperm enter the anterior vas deferens individually in the spider crab male. There they become surrounded by secretion products from the cells of the vas deferens, and are compartmentalized into spermatophores of varying size. The anterior vas deferens can be divided into three regions. The epithelium of the anterior vas deferens varies regionally from low to high columnar. The cytoplasm contains vast arrays of rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complexes but few mitochondria. Intercellular spaces contain septate junctions, gap junctions and vesicles.Once the spermatophores have been formed in the anterior vas deferens, they are moved posteriorly to the middle vas deferens where they are stored and surrounded by seminal fluids. The epithelial cells of the middle vas deferens contain large amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complexes. Numerous micropinocytotic vesicles appear, forming at the cell surface and within the apical cytoplasm. Their suggested function is the resorption of secretion products of the anterior vas deferens which initiated compartmentalization of the spermatozoa into spermatophores.The posterior vas deferens functions primarily as a storage center for spermatophores until they are released at the time of copulation. Seminal fluid surrounding the spermatophores is produced in this region as well as in the middle vas deferens. The cells of this region contain vast arrays of vesicular rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complexes. The cells are multinucleate. Microtubules are numerous throughout the length of the cells and appear to insert on the plasma membrane.
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  • 161
    Electronic Resource
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 143 (1974), S. 21-75 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Basicranial anatomy of mammalian carnivores is significant in the determination of carnivore evolution. One of the least understood yet most often studied features of the basicranium is the auditory bulla, a bony capsule enclosing the middle ear. Although previously believed to be formed by a tympanic bone alone, or by tympanic and entotympanic, it is shown here that the carnivore bulla is formed by three and in some cases four ontogenetic elements: tympanic, rostral entotympanic, caudal entotympanic(s). These elements in Carnivora appear to correspond to bulla elements discovered over 50 years ago by Van der Klaauw in representative species of several other orders of mammals.Increased auditory sensitivity appears to have been attained in various carnivore lineages by increase in the volume of the middle ear cavity, principally by hypertrophy of the caudal entotympanic, but also by different yet less common anatomical strategies such as invasion of the mastoid bone by the middle ear space. Five basic types of bulla among living Carnivora can be recognized, based largely on the relationship of the caudal entotympanic to the other bulla elements.Closely associated with the bulla in the auditory region are the median and promontory branches of the internal carotid artery. These branches exhibit a precise relationship to the bulla elements, particularly the rostral entotympanic. The promontory branch is much reduced or completely lacking in all living carnivores. Reduction or loss of the median branch is explained as the result of the development of arterial retia on the anastomotic artery in the orbital region. Reduction of the median branch is particularly characteristic of the aeluroid Carnivora, in which a greater proportion of the cerebral blood supply passes to the brain in the external carotid artery via the anastomotic branch, and is cooled in the orbital region by a countercurrent heat exchange mechanism formed by arterial retia closely associated with venous blood in surrounding sinuses. The arctoid and cynoid Carnivora are characterized by only rudimentary development of retia along the anastomotic artery, and the median branch is much better developed than in the aeluroids. Among arctoids, ursids parallel the aeluroids in the development of a countercurrent mechanism but employ the median branch of the internal carotid rather than the anastomotic branch of the external carotid artery.Bulla structure and nature of the carotid circulation in the auditory region can be determined from fossil Carnivora as well as for living forms. This study attempts to define basicranial anatomical patterns characteristic of living Carnivora which then can be used to trace the evolution of lineages in the fossil record.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 162
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 143 (1974), S. 77-105 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The termite gut flagellates are of interest because of their unusual motile organelles, their ability to digest cellulose, and their symbiotic relationship with prokaryotes inhabiting the insect gut. This report provides a detailed ultrastructural description of Pyrsonympha from the hind-gut of Reticulitermes flavipes.The motile axostyle is composed of 2,000-4,000 microtubules connected by cross-bridges. At its anterior end, the axostyle is associated with a “primary row” of microtubules which is associated with a fibrous network. The “primary row” is embedded in a large mass of amorphous, electron-dense material occupying the furthest anterior end of the cell. The basal bodies of the eight flagella are also embedded in this presumptive microtubule-organizing center. The flagella are associated with the cell surface throughout their length. Isolation and reactivation of the axostyle has demonstrated that although ATP dependent motility is inherent in the structure of the axostyle, its proper control may be mediated by the attachment of the axostyle to structures at the anterior end of the cell.Pyrsonympha lacks morphologically distinguishable mitochondria and Golgi complexes. The cell surface is covered by unique, previously underscribed, tubular specializations. Symbiotic microorganisms are observed associated with the cell surface and within the cytoplasm.Wood particles are taken up from the gut fluid by large phagocytic vacuoles formed at the posterior end of the cell. Even during the process of breakdown, the wood is always enclosed within the membrane of the phagocytic vacuole.The Pyrsonympha from Reticulitermes flavipes are not attached to the lining of the hind-gut and do not contain an attachment organelle, unlike the Pyrsonympha from other species of Reticulitermes.
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  • 163
    Electronic Resource
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 143 (1974) 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 164
    Electronic Resource
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 143 (1974) 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 165
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 143 (1974), S. 121-165 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The gecko ear was studied in 36 species belonging to 24 genera. This receptor has attained an advanced level of structure and performance in this group of lizards, but there are many variations among species. To a large extent these variations follow subfamily lines as represented in Kluge's system of classification.Brief consideration is given to features of the outer and middle ear, but chief concern is with inner ear structures and their relations to auditory sensitivity as represented by the cochlear potentials.The auditory papilla is segmented, with a dorsal portion whose hair cells have their ciliary tufts attached to a tectorial membrane, and a ventral portion in which these cells form tow assemblages, one with tectorial connections and the other with connections to a line of sallets.The dorsal segment varies greatly in length and in the form of ciliary orientation. In Eublepharinae and most Gekkoninae the ciliary orientation is unidirectional, and the degree of sensitivity relates to the length of this segment. In Diplodactylinae and Sphaerodactylinae the orientation is bidirectional, and this segment functionally hardly differs from the ventral segment.Auditory sensitivity as measured in terms of the cochlear potentials shows close relations with subfamily groupings, except for the Gekkoninae in which considerable diversity is found.The evidence from structural differentiation, along with that derived from the forms of the cochlear potential functions, leads to the suggestion that these ears possess a high degree of pitch discrimination and capability for the analysis of complex sounds.
    Additional Material: 25 Ill.
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  • 166
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Mature mouse and cat peripheral nerve fibers have been examined in vitro by time-lapse photography. Some Schmidt-Lanterman clefts which were open at the start closed later; other were seen to open and then to close, some of them more than once. The implications of these movements are considered, especially in regard to the question of the passage of materials from the endoneurial connective tissue spaces to the axon.Myelin movements other than those occurring at the Schmidt-Lanterman clefts consisted primarily of the development and frequent regression of indentations of the myelin sheath. A single evagination was seen to develop and then to recede. These myelin movements suggest that previously described invaginations and evaginations of the myelin sheath, including flaps of “redundant myelin”, are not static but rather that they are in a state of movement, forming and regressing at intervals.The possible functional significance of the development and regression of myelin sheath indentations in relationship to axoplasmic flow is discussed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 167
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 143 (1974), S. 187-245 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The authors describe the spermiogenesis of Polyxenus lagurus, a diplopod, in the male genital ducts and the transformations the spermatozoon successively undergoes in the spermatheca.The spermatozoon in the male genital ducts looks like a little barrel devoid of centriole and of any kind of rudimentary flagellum whatever. The organelles are markedly modified; cross sections present an elongated, flattened nucleus, an X-shaped body running parallel to it on the opposite side and two longitudinal mitochondrial strips interposed between them. The rest of this barrel-shaped spermatozoon is filled with peculiar Golgi formations, the spongy chambers, which open outwards through little vents.In the spermatheca the spermatozoon is quite different: it is shaped like a long ribbon. The basic structure of the spermatozoon is formed by the double folding of part of the cortical layer of the barrel-shaped spermatozoon. On the central part of this endo-skeleton are longitudinally ranged the nucleus and the acrosome flanked on both sides by a thread of mitochondria. Even in this phase the sperm has no flagellum.
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  • 168
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 143 (1974), S. 247-257 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Several secretory and nonsecretory enzymes were localized histochemically in the main venom gland of 13 viperid snakes. All secretory cells show the intracellular oxidative enzymes succinate dehydrogenase and monoamine oxidase. The granular reactions obtained for both enzymes resemble mitochondria in distribution. Distinctive cells with a very high succinate dehydrogenase activity are dispersed among the secretory cells of all species except Atractaspis.Nonspecific acid phosphatase activity is found in the supranuclear region of the secretory cells in species that do not secrete this enzyme and throughout the cytoplasm in snakes that secrete the enzyme. Nonspecific alkaline phosphatase activity occurs in the secretory cells of those snakes whose venom shows this activity. Leucine amino peptidase (aryl amidase) activity is found in the venom and in the secretory cells of all the species.In Vipera palaestinae both the venom and the secretory cells of the main venom gland contain nonspecific esterase, L-amino acid oxidase and phosphodiesterase activities. The localization of phosphodiesterase and L-amino acid oxidase do not show major differences between glands at different intervals from an initial milking.Adenosine-monophosphate phosphatase activity is localized in the supranuclear region of the secretory cells in the glands of Vipera palaestinae and Aspis cerastes. Its activity is found in the venom of Aspis only.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 169
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 143 (1974), S. 285-305 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The three dorsal ocelli of worker honeybees have been studied by light and electron microscopy. Each ocellus has a single flattened spheroidal lens and about 800 elongated retinular cells. Retinular cells are paired and form a two-part plate-like rhabdom between their distal processes. Each rhabdomere comprises parallel microvilli projecting laterally from the apposed retinular cells. Primary receptor cell axons synapse within the ocellus with ocellar nerve fibers of two different calibers. Each ocellus has eight thick fibers ca 10 m̈m in diameter and several thinner ones less than 3 m̈m in diameter. Fine structural evidence suggests that retinular axons end presynaptically on both types of ocellar nerve fibers. Since all retinular cells apparently synapse repeatedly with the thick fibers this involves a convergence of about 100:1. Thick fibers always terminate postsynaptically within the ocellus while thin fibers terminate presynaptically on other thin fibers, thick fibers or retinular axons. Structural evidence for synaptic polarization indicates that retinular cells and thick fibers are afferent, thin fibers efferent. Thus complex processing of the ocellar visual input can occur before the secondary neurons of the three ocelli converge to form the single short ocellar nerve which runs to the posterior forebrain.
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  • 170
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 143 (1974), S. 307-335 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The functional morphology of the forelimbs of the following African Viverridae was studied, Atilax paludinosus, Bdeogale crassicauda, Civettictis civetta, Genetta genetta, G. tigrina, Helogale parvula, Herpestes ichneumon, H. sanguineus, Ichneumia albicauda, Mungos mungo, Nandinia binotata. Their locomotory behaviour has been previously studied and described and is related to morphological differences. The osteology of all the species and the myology of three species is described. The species have been assigned to primary locomotor categories on the basis of their locomotion. These are 1, climbing, arboreal walking; 2, arboreal and terrestrial walking and jumping; 3, general terrestrial walking and scrambling; and 4, trotting. In the climbing arboreal walking category the most distinctive morphological adaptations are powerful flexors and extensors as well as a flexible plantigrade manus with retractile claws. In the arboreal and terrestrial walking category the shoulder, elbow and carpal joints are flexible and the manus has retractile claws, though the flexor and extensor musculature is insufficiently developed for controlled climbing. The trotting category is characterised by a high humero-radial index and a rigid antibrachium. The foot is digitigrade with the claws short and stout. Species in the general walking and scrambling category show many differences in the morphology of their feet, even though the proximal parts of the forelimb appear similar. Due to the restricted nature of the adaptations, these species have been assigned to secondary locomotor categories. Morphological characters typical of the locomotor categories are summarized in the discussion.
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  • 171
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    Journal of Morphology 142 (1974), S. 285-299 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The gastric mucosa of both the echidna and platypus is aglandular and the lining epithelium is stratified squamous. The latter exhibits three principle layers: stratum germinativum, stratum spinosum, and stratum corneum. The cytoplasm of cells composing the first two strata of both species shows bundles of tonofibrils and numerous free ribosomes. Cells of the stratum spinosum in the platypus also show numerous dense granules limited to the peripheral cytoplasm. The stratum spinosum of both species is comprised of fusiform-shaped cells whose adjacent cell membranes show extensive interlocking. The stratum spinosum of the echidna in addition shows numerous intercellular bridges. Cells of the stratum corneum become flattened and elongate and in the echidna nuclei near the surface appear to degenerate. Cells comprising the stratum corneum of the platypus exhibit well preserved nuclei and contain scattered large granules of varying electron density. Prior to sloughing, cells near the surface of both species show a separation of adjacent cell membranes. True keratinization is not found in the gastric lining epithelium of either species and the epithelium lining of the stomach of the echidna more closely represents a form of parakeratosis. Delicate papillae containing capillaries extend considerable distances into the overlying epithelium of both species and are thought to contribute to its nutrition.
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  • 172
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    Journal of Morphology 142 (1974), S. 301-319 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The epidermis of Eisenia is covered by a cuticle and rests on a basement lamella. The cuticle, which is resistant to a variety of enzymes, is composed of non-striated, bundles of probable collagen fibers that are orthogonally oriented and are embedded in a proteoglycan matrix. The basement lamella consists of striated collagen fibers with a 560 Å major periodicity. Proximity and morphology suggest that the epidermis may contribute to both the cuticle and the basement lamella  -  that is, the single tissue may synthesize at least two types of collagen. The epidermis is a pseudostratified epithelium containing three major cell types (columnar, basal and gland) and a rare fourth type with apical cilia. The esophagus is lined by a simple cuticulated epithelium composed predominantly of a single cell type, which resembles the epidermal columnar cell. Rare gland cells occur in the esophageal epithelium, but basal cells are lacking.
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  • 173
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    Journal of Morphology 142 (1974) 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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  • 174
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    Journal of Morphology 144 (1974), S. 143-165 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The cuticle of five species of Oligochaeta, chosen to represent differences in size and a variety of biotopes, was studied electron microscopically after fixation with the acrolein-TAPO-osmium tetroxide method. Five distinct layers in the cuticle of all studied species were found. Staining with lead and uranyl ions or with silver proteinate visualized basically the same structural components of the cuticle, but the degree of electron opacity and the distribution of the electron-opaque stain in these components differed according to the staining method used. Since the acrolein-TAPO-osmium tetroxide method visualized the cuticular zones preferentially stained by Thiéry's silver proteinate method, it was concluded that the TAPO method may be considered suitable for the visualization of polysaccharides. Staining with phosphotungstic acid provided some information on the composition of the cuticle of Oligochaeta not obtained by staining ultrathin sections with lead and uranyl ions nor with silver proteinate. The conclusion is that phosphotungstic acid binds to polysaccharides which do not contain vicglycol groups nor active sites responsible for the positive reaction with lead and uranyl salts. Structural components in the cuticle of the oligochaetes studied were characteristic for each species. The taxonomic value of such components, however, must be confirmed by examination of a larger number of species of oligochaetes.
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  • 175
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Laboratory-reared outgrowths of the freshwater sponge Corvomeyenia carolinensis Harrison were examined using histological and histochemical techniques, supplemented by phase contrast observations of cellular behavior. The tissue and cellular components of the spongillid outgrowth region were defined in terms of function and morphogenic state. Archeocytes differ considderably, in both histochemical and morphological characteristics, from other cell types of the adult sponge, being histochemically similar to stem cells reported from a variety of developmental series. Archeocytes exhibit cytological characteristics of unspecialized cells capable of high levels of synthetic activity while other cell types of C. carolinensis, for the most part, can be characterized as fully differentiated cells displaying more restricted synthetic capabilities but often accumulating neutral mucoproteins. The presence of aggregates of amebocytes, not identifiable as archeocytes and possibly engaged in gemmule formation, is discussed in terms of current concepts of gemmulation and cellular developmental capabilities in sponges.
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  • 176
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    Journal of Morphology 143 (1974), S. 1-1 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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  • 177
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    Journal of Morphology 143 (1974), S. 337-347 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Scanning electron microscopy revealed spores of Nosema apis and Thelohania fibrata to be egg-shaped, but only the mature spore of T. fibrata was shown to possess a horseshoe-like concavity at the posterior pole. Freezeetched preparations indicated that this concavity was due to a thin area of the spore coat. Freeze-etching studies also show spores of N. apis do possess an umbrella-shaped polaroplast, and a polar filament which is arranged in a double layer with over 30 coils. The spore of T. fibrata contains a pear-shaped arrangement of the polaroplast membrane, and a polar filament arranged in a single layer of 22 coils.
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  • 178
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    Journal of Morphology 143 (1974) 
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  • 179
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    Journal of Morphology 142 (1974), S. 351-363 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Gill development begins on the sixth day of incubation at 10°C and is complete by 31 days (hatching). Gill arches are formed by fusion and perforation of ectoderm and endoderm across the pharyngeal wall. A primary branchial artery forms within each arch and a second branchial artery forms as a branch from its ventral end. A series of filament loop vessels forms connecting the two arteries and when several are patent a unidirectional blood flow is established via afferent (second) branchial artery, filament loop vessels to efferent (primary) branchial artery. Part of the efferent branchial artery just above its junction with the afferent branchial artery constricts and occludes. It is suggested that this change in the pattern of blood flow is dependent on differences in resistance of the two branchial arteries. A later extension of the gill ventrally is thought not to be homologous with similar regions in elasmobranchs and Acipenser.
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  • 180
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    Notes: Scanning and transmission electron microscopy studies were conducted on the antennal sensory sensilla of the hymenopteran parasitoid, Cardiochiles nigriceps Viereck, of the family Braconidae. Distinct morphological differences were found between the chemoreceptors of the male and female. Curved, non-fluted, thin-walled sensilla were found to be very abundant on the male and restricted in location and number on the female. Trichoid, placoid and fluted basiconic sensilla were numerous on the antennal flagella of both sexes. Smooth basiconic sensilla were restricted in number to one per flagellar segment in both sexes. Behavioral data suggest that bent-tipped, thick-walled sensilla unique to the female are involved in detecting a chemical(s) emitted from the host, Heliothis virescens (Fab.).
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  • 181
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    Notes: Well preserved transitional cells were found between differentiated cells and horny cells of the frog epidermis, thus facilitating the study of the sequential events involved in horny cell formation. Autolysosomes appear to play an important role in the formation of horny cells. These structures preferentially digest those cytoplasmic components which are not necessary constituents of the terminal horny cell. The release of the contents of the small mucous granules into the intercellular spaces is one of the initial events in horny cell formation. Filaments and large mucous granules seem to be resistant to the lytic digestion and contribute to the bulk of the horny cell. Loss of fluids through the plasma membrane and consolidation of the remaining constituents, results in a flattened horny cell. The appearance of a thickened membrane around the horny cell signifies the completion of the transformation process.
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  • 182
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    Journal of Morphology 142 (1974) 
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    Notes: The fiber constituents and connections of the calyces  -  the input-receiving regions  -  of the corpora pedunculata (“mushroom bodies”) were studied in reduced silver preparations from the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana (L.). In the outer synaptic layer of the calyces five fiber classes were distinguished, the first three of which arise outside the mushroom body. (1) Four highly similar neurons with somata near the optic lobe branch into different parts of the ipsiateral protocerebrum, including both calyces. Their fibers are highly constant in arrangement and position and contain small nucleus-like bodies. (2) The tractus olfactorio-globularis (sensu lato) emits fiber groups which course along the calycal walls as “calycal tracts” before ultimately dissipating into the synaptic layer. Variability within these tracts is described. (3) Fibers of undertermined origin outside the mushroom body radiate from the calycal center outwards through the synaptic layer. (4) From the inner calycal layer of neurites belonging to intrinsic mushroom-body neurons, perpendicular collaterals enter the synaptic layer. (5) Intrinsic-neuron somata near the calycal rim emit fibers which course tangentially within the synaptic layer from calycal rim to center. These fibers form a special peripheral zone in the pedunculus.The predominant presumably afferent calycal fiber class is that derived from the tractus olfactorio-globularis. No evidence was found for tracts from optic lobe to calyces. On this basis, and in light of the experimental and comparative anatomical literature, it is suggested that the corpora pedunculata of P. americana and other pterygotes are fundamentally second-order antennal sensory processing centers.Conflicting observations in earlier reports are critically discussed.
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  • 185
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    The @Anatomical Record 178 (1974) 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    Topics: Medicine
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  • 186
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    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The urinary bladder of the bullfrog, Rana catesbiana has been studied by light and electron microscopy. Three epithelial cell types were found: (1) granular cells, (2) mitochondria-rich cells, and (3) basal cells. The structure of the Rana catesbiana bladder differs from that of the toad Bufo marinus, in several respects: it lacks a mucous (goblet) cell type, its granular cells do not contact the underlying basement membrane, it has specialized, smooth-muscle cell-basal epithelial cell contacts, not previously described in amphibian bladders, and its mucosa is richly innervated. Mitochondria-rich cells within the bullfrog bladder epithelium were occasionally observed touching the basement membrane. The specialized smooth muscle-basal cell contacts provide anatomical evidence for how regulatory vasoactive substances such as neurohypophyseal peptides might alter epithelial geometry. Many nerve endings invest the mucosa just beneath the epithelial basement membrane in proximity to mitochondriarich cells and basal cells. The possible role of neural regulation in epithelial transport was discussed.
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  • 187
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Postnatal maturation of nonmyelinated fiber bundles (Schwann bundles) was studied in the sciatic nerves of Snell's dwarf mice. The homozygous recessive of this strain has been previously shown to be characterized by multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies and secondary hypothyroidism.In the normal littermates a reduction occurred between 10 and 14 days in the number of fibers per fascicle, or subdivision, of each Schwann bundle, and by 26 days nearly all of the axons were separately embedded in cytoplasmic furrows of their associated Schwann cells. Only a few large fascicles were seen in normal sciatic nerve specimens at 26 and 50-53 days. In contrast, fiber bundle fascicles in the mutant nerves were still represented, even at 50-53 days, by numerous tightly-packed axons, as seen in the immature nerves at 10-12 days post-partum.On the basis of the dwarf's physiological background, these results suggest an involvement of the endocrine system during later stages of peripheral nerve maturation. The possible mechanisms affected by postnatal endocrine deficiency and thereby leading to delayed segregation of nonmyelinated fibers within Schwann bundles are discussed.
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  • 188
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    The @Anatomical Record 178 (1974), S. 139-143 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Hamsters injected at 0900 on day 1 of the cycle (metestrus) with either 0, 5 or 15 IU pregnant mare's serum (PMS) were killed at 1500 of days 1 to 4 of the cycle and the ovaries prepared for light microscopy and for a quantitative evaluation of follicular development. In the untreated cyclic hamster, the maximal number of preantral follicles with eight or more layers of granulosa cells occurred between the afternoon of day 4 (proestrus) and day 1, coinciding with the highest blood levels of FSH and LH. It is concluded that the elevated preovulatory levels of gonadotropins not only induce the ovulation of the mature antral follicles but at the same time recruit the next set of follicles for development during the new cycle.By the afternoon of day 1, treatment with either 5 or 15 IU PMS recruited more follicles into large preantral and incipient antral stages than in the untreated hamsters. However, by day 2 the pattern of follicular distribution was similar between the 5 IU PMS and untreated group whereas considerably more antral follicles had differentiated in the animals given 15 IU PMS. The ability of 15 IU PMS to elicit superovulation therefore depends on the levels being initially high enough to mature more follicles at critical stages of their development; the prolonged biological half life of PMS then sustains these follicles throughout the cycle.
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  • 189
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    The @Anatomical Record 178 (1974), S. 203-209 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: During the postnatal development of the submandibular gland, the stimulation of DNA synthesis and mitosis by a single injection of isoproterenol, measured as the percentage of labeled cells in radioautographs, was dependent on the age of the rat. The drug had no effect on the proliferative activity in two day old rats, but stimulated DNA synthesis in older (7-42 day old) animals. In general, the degree of stimulation was directly related to the proportion of acinar cells and inversely related to the proliferative activity in the gland of control rats. An analysis of various cell types revealed that the stimulation of DNA synthesis in the gland was essentially restricted to the acinar cells in rats older than 14 days of age. In seven day old rats, the acinar cells were not stimulated, but their precursors, the proacinar cells, the terminal tubule cells and the intercalated duct cells were stimulated to synthesize DNA by isoproterenol. This suggested that isoproterenol had an effect on the transformation of precursor cells to acinar cells.
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  • 190
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Keratinization or mucification of the epithelium of the rat vagina is related to the hormonal state of the animal. During the normal cycle and after the administration of exogenous hormones (estrogen and progestin) to spayed animals, the surface characteristics and topography of the vaginal epithelium were studied with the scanning electron microscope. During estrus and under the influence of estrogen, the superficial cells were keratinized, overlap each other like shingles, and are continuously sloughed off. Like the surface of other keratinizing epithelia, theirs has a characteristic microridge pattern. In ovariectomized animals, the apical surface is covered with microvilli instead of microridges, and the cells resemble hexagonally shaped units, tightly bound instead of overlapping each other. At the boundary between the cells, a ridge demarcates the cells. The surface configurations of progestin-treated, progestin plus estrogen-treated, and diestrous animals are the same as in spayed animals.
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  • 191
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    The @Anatomical Record 178 (1974), S. 1-1 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
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  • 192
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    The @Anatomical Record 178 (1974), S. 41-48 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This report compares the arterial supply of the lumbo-sacral spinal cord in the monkey with that of man. The arterial supply to the lumbo-sacral cord of 100 monkeys (82 Rhesus and 18 Mangabey) was demonstrated by perfusion techniques. We tabulated the level and side of origin of the great anterior medullary artery. Previous authors have shown that in man the peak incidence of the great anterior medullary artery is at T-10. The peak incidence in the monkey is at L-1. There are other features of the arterial supply to the lumbo-sacral cord of the monkey that are different from man.
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  • 193
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An initial study of the effects of long-term ovariectomy on fimbrial and ampullar epithelia from rabbit oviducts has been made with the scanning electron microscope. Several of the rabbits were given estradiol benzoate before they were killed. These observations were compared with those of epithelial cells from similar oviductal segments from post-ovulatory rabbits that served as controls.Fimbriae from oviducts of control animals were densely ciliated, partially concealing the bulbous processes of the secretory cells. In the ampullae the processes of the secretory cells were the predominant structure, their bulbous apices rising frequently above the tips of the cilia.When rabbits had been spayed for 16-18 months, the epithelial cells of both fimbriae and ampullae showed a remarkable change. A few cilia in small clumps were scattered among the secretory cells. The free surface of the secretory cells had become flattened and hexagonal in shape. Their microvilli were short, and from the center of each cell a thick, stubby central cilium protruded.Estrogen given the long-term spayed rabbits caused almost complete reciliation as well as restoration of the bulbous processes of the secretory cells.
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  • 194
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    The @Anatomical Record 178 (1974), S. 127-137 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The morphogenesis of cerebellum has been studied in 6-19 day old chick embryos after a single injection of 0.05 mg of cyclophosphamide into the yolk sacs on the fifth day of incubation. Besides degeneration of Purkinje cells, rate of development was markedly retarded as evidenced by late appearance of the fissures and folia of the cerebellum. Purkinje cells remained disorganised up to 18 days of incubation, though in controls they were arranged in a single line by the fifteenth day. The thickness of the external granular layer increased and persisted for a longer period in the treated embryos. The cytoarchitecture returned to normal on nineteenth day of incubation, but the size of the cerebellum was significantly smaller than that of controls (P 〈 0.001). Such transient disorganisation of the morphogenetic events in the neural tube may lead to inadequate and defective induction of surrounding mesenchyme, thereby resulting in defective skull formation through which the brain can herniate, i.e., exencephaly as reported in our earlier studies after cyclophosphamide administration in chicks (Singh et al., '71; Singh and Gupta, '72) and rats (Singh et al., '72).
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  • 195
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    The @Anatomical Record 178 (1974), S. 187-201 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The postnatal differentiation of acini in the submandibular glands of 2-42 day old rats given 3H-thymidine was studied by using radioautographs prepared from Epon-embedded, PAS and iron hematoxylin stained sections. The changes in morphology, population size and proliferative activity of various cell types in the gland were analyzed. At two days of age, rudimentary secretory units, designated as terminal tubules, were located at the end of the duct system and consisted of three cell types: (1) terminal tubule cells (30.7%) with darkly-stained granules, (2) proacinar cells (23.6%) with large, lightly-stained granules, and (3) acinar cells (1.6%) with PAS-positive granules. The proacinar cells, which underwent mitosis, disappeared within the first two weeks of life. The terminal tubule cells increased in number between 2 and 14 days of age, but became less numerous thereafter and disappeared by six weeks. Concomitantly, the number of acinar cells increased linearly with age and at a much greater rate than that of intercalated duct cells. Yet the rate of proliferation of acinar cells was comparable to that of intercalated duct cells. The overall proliferative activity in the gland decreased with age, and was inversely correlated with the relative frequency of acinar cells in the gland. On the basis of above data, it is postulated that, during the formation of acini from terminal tubules, acinar cells have a dual origin: they arise from proacinar cells during the first one to two weeks and from terminal tubule cells between two and six weeks of age.
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  • 196
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    The @Anatomical Record 178 (1974), S. 623-630 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: It has often been reported that facial proportions remain constant throughout the fetal period. Such conclusions, however, have been based largely on the erroneous assumption that two dimensions are growing isometrically if one bears a statistically significant linear relation to the the other. In order to test the hypothesis that proportion is independent of time, sagittal histologic sections from 32 human fetuses (12-25 weeks) were analyzed cephalometrically. The linear regression on head length (HL) and the associated coefficient of correlation were calculated for each of a variety of craniofacial measures. In addition, all linear dimensions were transformed so that the size of the anterior cranial base was held constant throughout the series. It was assumed that if shape be constant, all Y-intercepts should be zero, and angular and transformed linear dimensions should show no statistically significant linear correlation with HL. These three criteria were met uniformly by facial and anterior cranial base dimensions, but not by measurements which involved the posterior cranial base. It is concluded, therefore, that in the sagittal plane the second trimester mandible, midface, and anterior cranial base grow isometrically, while the posterior cranial base becomes relatively smaller.
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    Topics: Medicine
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  • 198
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Light microscopy of semithin sections revealed an increase in blood vessel profiles between one and three weeks postnatal. Ultrastructurally, at birth, there were few patent vessels, but endothelial cells enclosing a slit-like lumen were numerous. The endothelial cells contained a high concentration of free ribosomes and pinocytotic vesicles. Pseudopod projections of the endothelial cells into the vascular lumen were often present. The nuclei were very irregular and dense with clumped chromatin. The basal lamina varied in thickness. During the period between one and three weeks the nuclei of endothelial cells became less dense; the lumen became patent and the endothelial wall progressively thinner. The periphery of the vessel became completely surrounded by glial end feet and the basal lamina was regular and prominent. By three weeks, most blood vessels resembled blood vessels observed in a mature animal. Pericytes were present at all stages of development. The extracellular space which was quite conspicuous at birth was greatly reduced by the third week.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 199
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Light microscopic studies using a battery of basic dye stains combined with sialidase and hyaluronidase digestions indicated that the extensive basophilia of the maternal surface of the placental syncytium largely results from the presence of a non-sulfated mucosubstance specifically identified as hyaluronic acid. Ultrastructural examination of dialyzed iron (DI) stained specimens revealed that DI-positive filaments observed along the syncytial surface were removed by hyaluronidase digestion. Staining with the lectins, Concanavalin A or lentil bean hemagglutinin produced an intense and periodic pattern of staining that was not enzyme labile. Incubation of tissue sections in the enzyme solutions or control buffers allowed the lectins to penetrate the syncytial plasma membrane and stain material within the endoplasmic reticulum presumed to be human chorionic gonadotropin. The maternal surface exhibited essentially no reactivity for acid phosphatase but showed strong alkaline phosphatase activity with a periodic staining pattern. With each of the techniques used there was variability in the intensity of staining in different regions along the maternal surface, suggesting that functionally different zones may be identified cytochemically. Only minor differences were observed in the cytochemical reactivity of early compared with term placenta.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 200
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Evidence for a direct neural projection from the retina to the hypothalamus in the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) is presented. In 25 blinded animals degeneration was followed in sections prepared according to the Wiitanen ('69) silver impregnation method. Degenerative axons were found in the optic tract, chiasm, and nerve, terminating in the lateral geniculate body and superior colliculus. A large collateral bundle of degenerating axons was observed curving medially and dorsally to enter the hypothalamus at the level of the mamillary body. This bundle turned diffusely rostrally and terminated on neurons in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus.It is proposed that two alternate pathways exist for the effect of photoperiodicity on the reproductive cycle in the hamster, one involving the pineal gland directly and the hypothalamus indirectly, and the other a direct retino-hypothalamic projection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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