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  • 1980-1984  (6,780)
  • 1975-1979  (6,610)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (7,269)
  • Physics  (5,198)
  • Rat  (922)
  • Nuclear reactions
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  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of carbamazepine and anti-depressant drugs on endogenous catecholamine levels in the cerebroventricular compartment of the rat (1984)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 83 (1984), S. 169-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Catecholamines ; Cerebroventricular perfusion ; Carbamazepine ; Imipramine ; Desmethylimipramine ; Tranylcypromine ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Concentrations of endogenous norepinephrine, dopamine and epinephrine in cerebroventricular perfusates were used to evaluate the effects of drugs on the availability of extracellular catecholamines in the intact rat brain. Administration of the antidepressant drugs imipramine, desmethylimipramine or tranylcypromine resulted in marked increases of both norepinephrine and dopamine concentrations while epinephrine levels were not affected. Treatment with a similar dose of carbamazepine — an anticonvulsant drug with antidepressant activity — resulted in a significant increase in dopamine concentrations without apparent effect on either norepinephrine or epinephrine. It is suggested that at the applied dose, carbamazepine may act to modify the uptake, release or metabolism of dopamine in brain areas adjacent to the cerebroventricular space without affecting the other catecholamines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00429729
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DNA methylation in maternal, fetal and neonatal rat tissues following perinatal administration of procarbazine (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 108 (1984), S. 56-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: DNA methylation ; Rat ; Procarbazine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The cytostatic drug procarbazine has previously been shown to be a potent transplacental neurotropic carcinogen in rats. Following a single IP administration of (14C-methylprocarbazine (110 mg/kg) on day 22 of gestation, methylation products with cellular DNA were determined in fetal and maternal rat organs. The concentration of the major adduct N7-methylguanine was highest in the maternal liver (224 μmol/mol guanine). Fetal and nonhepatic maternal tissues exhibited significantly lower levels, but differed little from each other. In brain, lung, intestines, and placenta the O 6-methylguanine/N7-methylguanine ratio was close to 0.11, indicating that procarbazine, like other methylating carcinogens, initiates malignant transformation via methyldiazonium hydroxide as the ultimate reactant. Following a single dose of (14C-methyl)procarbazine to newborn animals, methylpurine values were 30–60 times lower than after prenatal administration. This suggests that DNA alkylation in nonhepatic tissues occurs by systemic distribution of a proximate carcinogen formed in the adult rat liver.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00390973
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tumors of the nasal cavities induced in rats by 2,2-dioxopropyl-N-Propylnitrosamine (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 108 (1984), S. 114-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Nasal cavities ; Rat ; DOPN
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Weekly SC administration of 2,2-dioxopropylnitosamine to 88 Sprague-Dawley rats resulted in the induction of 76 separate neoplasms in the respiratory region of the nasal cavities. No tumors of the olfactory region were found. Histologically there were 37 squamous papillomas, 17 transitional papillomas, and 22 squamous cell carcinomas. These tumors were compared with a selected group of 53 related human tumors of the nasal and paranasal cavities, consisting of 11 squamous cell papillomas, 13 transitional papillomas, and 29 squamous cell carcinomas. While the experimental squamous cell papillomas showed a striking histological resemblance with the squamous papillomas observed in man, none of the experimental transitional papillomas had evidence of the characteristics inverted pattern seen in humans: nevertheless, the experimental tumors showed signs of incomplete squamous metaplasia and preservation of intraepithelial secretory glands, features commonly seen in transitional papillomas of man. The squamous cell carcinomas of this experiment were very similar to the corresponding human tumors in morphology and sex incidence. In both species a significant number of squamous cell carcinomas were keretinizing and of a high grade of histological malignancy. In addition, 69% of the human squamous cell carcinomas occurred in the male sex, and 72% of the experimental carcinomas developed in males. This comparative study suggests that further studies investigating the significance of nitrosamines as suspected etiologic factors of nasal carcinogenesis in man may be useful.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00390982
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  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerebellar histogenesis and synaptic maturation following pre- and postnatal alcohol administration (1984)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 63 (1984), S. 57-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Fetal alcohol syndrome ; Rat ; Cerebellum ; Purkinje cells ; Synaptic maturation ; Metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fetal alcohol syndrome was produced in rats by feeding an ethanol-enriched, vitamine-supplemented liquid diet over a period of 4 weeks before mating and throughout pregnancy. The amount of ethanol was equivalent to 38–40% of the daily calories; control animals were fed an isocaloric amount of sucrose. The offspring of experimental animals displayed a diminished birth weight. In contrast to previous experiments, the ethanol diet was also administered during the lactating period. On postnatal day 7, experimental animals and controls were killed by perfusion and the cerebella prepared for electron microscopy. Morphometric analysis showed a reduced number of Purkinje cells. On day 12, Purkinje cells of experimental animals displayed ultrastructurally fewer organelles. Furthermore, a delayed synaptogenesis in the molecular layer was demonstrated with osmiumzinc iodide and ethanolic phosphotungstic acid showing an immature appearance of the presynaptic grid and weaker stained synaptic cleft material. The following discussion deals with possible mechanisms underlying these alcohol-induced alterations of cerebellar synaptogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688471
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  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microvascular permeability in induced astrocytomas and peritumor neuropil of rat brain (1984)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 64 (1984), S. 192-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Astrocytoma ; Blood-brain barrier ; HVEM ; Transendothelial channels ; Protein tracer ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Brain tumors, benign and malignant, are characteristically more permeable to various types of tracer molecules than the neuropil in which they are embedded. Impermeability of brain neuropil capillaries is imparted by the blood-brain barrier, the anatomic basis of which is the network of interendothelial zonulae occludentes that seal capillary endothelial cells. To explore both the vascular elements of brain neoplasms and the route of tracer extravasation from them, as well as the possible effects of brain tumors on the permeability of peritumoral neuropil capillaries, brain tumors were induced in newborn Wistar rats by intracerebral (i.c.) injection of C-6 astrocytoma cells. The protein tracer horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was injected systemically into both normal and tumorbearing rats to mark the pathway along which it flowed into the tumor parenchyma tissue spaces, and to signal any concomitant tracer loss from the tumor extracellular compartment or peritumoral brain capillaries, into the neuropil extracellular milieu. Electron-microscopic examination on thin plastic sections of tumor and peritumoral neuropil revealed massive extravasation of tracer into the tumor tissue spaces, but none was seen outside of the capillaries in the surrounding brain neuropil. Zonulae occludentes of both tumor capillary endothelium and brain capillary endothelium were devoid of tracer and judged tight (sealed). Tracer was seen in pinocytotic vesicles in the highly attenuated endothelium of tumor capillaries and also in cytoplasmic vesicles within the tumor cells. The peritumoral and contralateral neuropil capillary endothelium exhibited reaction product-filled pinocytotic vesicles and vesiculo-tubular conduits. Often, one end of a HRP-filled vesiculo-tubular channel appeared continuous with either the luminal or abluminal plasmalemma. High-voltage electron microscopy of these conduits often showed them to be continuous with both luminal and abluminal surfaces of the endothelium, thus forming a continuum across the capillary wall. In addition, these transendothelial channels, clearly constituted as chains of fused vesicles, were often seen in close proximity to, or fused with, dense bodies in the endothelial cytoplasm. In spite of the presence of HRP-filled structures in the peritumoral neuropil capillary endothelium of tumor-bearing rats, no evidence of tracer extravasation from these vessels was apparent. These results suggest that although peritumoral and contralateral neuropil capillaries possess the machinery for extravasation of tracer, likely as a response to the presence of the neoplasm, tracer is not lost but, instead, is degraded by endothelial enzymes. The extensive flooding of the tumor extracellular compartment with tracer may be achieved by transport of HRP across the very thin walls of tumor capillaries by single cytoplasmic vesicles which structurally and functionally play the role of transendothelial channels. Based on the results of this study, it is unlikely that molecules delivered systemically to treat brain neoplasms, will leak into the peritumor or contralateral neuropil, either from their own capillaries, or from the extracellular compartment of the tumor parenchyma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688109
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  • 106
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vulnerability to lead in protein-deprived suckling rats (1984)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 62 (1984), S. 276-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Rat ; Brain ; Lead intoxication ; Protein deprivation ; Growth and development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Most studies on lead toxicity in the suckling rat have been performed with doses leading to growth retardation. In a previous paper (Sundström et al. 1983), the effects of different lead doses on normal suckling rats were described. The dose of 10 mg/kg body weight daily given on days 1–15 pp produced minute hemorrhagic lesions on day 15 in the cerebellum, whereas rats given 5 mg/kg body weight daily lacked microscopically discernible pathologic changes in the brain. None of these groups exhibited growth retardation. To further elucidate the association between lead encephalopathy and malnutrition, lead was administered to protein-deprived suckling rats. Protein deprivation was achieved by a diet with 50% reduction of protein content. The móthers of the pups were fed this diet from 2 weeks before conception throughout the experiment. Experimental animals were injected i.p. with 5 mg or 10 mg lead nitrate/kg b.wt. daily. Littermates, injected with vehicle without lead nitrate served as controls. Protein-deprived rats without either treatment were “external” controls. Animals were killed at 10, 15, and 20 days age for determination of lead content in blood and brain and for light-microscopic examination. The protein-deprived rats given 10 mg/kg b.wt. daily were growth-retarded as compared to unexposed protein-deprived rats. The mortality was almost 100% at 15–20 days pp. At 15 days, the cerebellum of these rats showed abundant hemorrhages, and the cerebrum was also hemorrhagically discolored. Protein-deprived rats given 5 mg/kg b.wt. daily did not differ significantly from unexposed protein-deprived rats with regard to body weight gain. They presented a mortality of about 20% on days 15–20. At 15 days, cerebellar hemorrhages were a regular finding, though not as devastating as in the animals given 10 mg lead nitrate/kg b.wt. daily. The results imply an increased vulnerability to lead in protein-deprived rats as compared to normal rats. The severe encephalopathy in protein-deprived rats was associated with higher blood lead levels than in normal rats exposed to an equivalent lead burden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687609
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  • 107
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Delayed neuronal death in the rat hippocampus following transient forebrain ischemia (1984)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 64 (1984), S. 139-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cerebral ischemia ; Cell death ; Endoplasmic reticulum ; Hippocampus ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An unusual, slowly progressing neuronal damage has been reported to occur in the gerbil hippocampus following ischemia (Kirino 1982). Delayed neuronal death following ischemia has also been noticed in the rat four-vessel occlusion model (Pulsinelli et al. 1982). By light microscopy this slow neuronal injury in the rat was not different from the previously known neuronal ischemic cell change. This report lead us to the question as to whether neurons in the rat hippocampus are damaged rapidly following an initial latent period or deteriorate slowly and progressively until they display overt changes. To clarify this point, observation was done on the hippocampal CA1 sector of the rat following ischemia. Rats were subjected to four-vessel occlusion, and those which developed ischemic symptoms were perfusion-fixed. Although the change appeared very slowly and lacked microvacuolation of the cytoplasm, neuronal alteration was practically not different from classical ischemic cell change. By electron microscopy, however, the change was detectable when the neurons still appeared intact by light microscopy. An increase in the membranous organelles and deposition of dark substances were the initial manifestations. It seemed that the CA1 neurons deteriorated very slowly and progressively, and that they retained partial viability in the initial phase of the change. In spite of the difference in light-microscopic findings, the mechanisms underlying delayed neuronal death in the rat and gerbil hippocampus seemed to be identical.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00695577
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  • 108
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure-activity relationship of stress-inducing odorants in the rat (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1007-1018 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Rat ; Rattus norvegicus sp. ; odorants ; stress ; behavior ; open field ; corticosterone ; fox dropping ; ketone ; sulfur ; compounds ; tans ; mercaptoketones ; repellent ; structure-activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The stress for 12 sulfur-containing synthetized volatiles was evaluated in male Wistar rats and compared to that for fox-dropping extract concentrate. Stress behavior was analyzed by quantifying various stress responses in a standard open field and measuring the increase in plasma corticosterone concentration. Nine compounds induced stress—a dihydrothiazole, two cyclic polysulfides, five mercaptoketones, and a mercaptan. For the mercaptoketones, the following structure-activity relationships were observed. Size can vary considerably; the mercapto group can be either alpha or beta and either secondary or tertiary. The keto group is not essential, since a structurally related mercaptan remains active. The mercapto group is essential for activity in mercaptoketones, since conversion to a methyl sulfide resulted in a neutral response. This type of odorant could function as an allomone and may have potential in rat control as an area repellent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987509
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  • 109
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wirkung der lokalen moderaten Hyperthermie in Kombination mit N-Nitroso-1,3-bis-(2-chlorethyl)-harnstoff (BCNU) und 5-Fluor-(tetrahydro-2-furyl)-uracil (Ftorafur) auf induzierte autochthone Coloncarcinome der Ratte (1984)
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 363 (1984), S. 5-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Hyperthermia ; Induced colonic carcinoma ; Rat ; Chemotherapy ; BCNU ; Ftorafur
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Hyperthermie zur Behandlung von Tumoren wird seit längerem in In-vitro- und In-vivo-Versuchen und auch in der Klinik in verschiedenen Anwendungsformen erprobt. Bei der Kombination von Hyperthermie mit Chemotherapie wird eine überadditive cytostatische Wirkung beschrieben. In einem klinisch orientierten, kontrolliert durchgeführten Tierversuch wurde an einem durch N-Nitrosoacetoxymethylmethylamin (AMMN) induzierten autochthonen Coloncarcinom bei Sprague-Dawley-Ratten eine lokale, moderate Hyperthermie (43,5°C, 3 × 60 min) und eine Kombinationsbehandlung von Hyperthermie und Polychemotherapie (BCNU und Ftorafur) durchgeführt unter endoskopischer Diagnosestellung und Verlaufskontrolle. Es konnte keine Überlebenszeitverlängerung durch die angewendeten Therapien und keine additive Wirkung der lokalen moderaten Hyperthermie in Kombination mit der Chemotherapie bei diesem „harten”, d. h. relativ chemotherapieresistenten, Tumormodell gesehen werden.
    Notes: Summary The use of hyperthermia for the treatment of tumors has been tested in in vitro and in vivo experiments as well as clinically for a long time. Combination of hyperthermia with chemotherapy was reported to result in overadditive cytostatic effects. In a clinically adapted, controlled animal experiment, local moderate hyperthermia (43.5°C, 3 × 60 min) alone and in combination with polychemotherapy (BCNU and Ftorafur) was used for the treatment of AMMN-(N-nitrosoacetoxymethyl-methylamine) induced autochthonous colonic carcinomas in Sprague-Dawley rats. Diagnosis and follow-up inspections were carried out endoscopically. The applied therapies did not result in prolonged survival times, nor was an additive effect seen after combined hyperthermia and chemotherapy in this “hard”, i. e. relatively chemotherapy-resistent, tumor model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01255773
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  • 110
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wirkung der lokalen moderaten Hyperthermie in Kombination mit einer Chemotherapie durch N-Nitroso-1,3-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-harnstoff (BCNU) auf das in das Colon descendens der Ratte transplantierte Yoshida-Sarkom (1984)
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 362 (1984), S. 253-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Hyperthermia ; Yoshida sarcoma ; Chemotherapy ; BCNU ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Hyperthermie zur Cytostase von Malignomen ist in zahlreichen In-vitro- und In-vivo-Untersuchungen beschrieben worden. Die Kombination von Chemotherapie mit Hyperthermie soll zur Potenzierung der therapeutischen Wirkung führen. Ein Forschungsgegenstand ist der zeitliche Abstand zwischen beiden Therapiemodalitäten. Anhand eines Yoshida-ColonModells bei Sprague-Dawley-Ratten wurde eine lokale Hyperthermie (43°C, 60 min) im Abstand von 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 und 24 h nach einer Chemotherapie mit BCNU durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse zeigten keine signifikante Steigerung der Heilungsrate durch die Hyperthermie. Angesichts unserer Ergebnisse sollten z.B. die mit groben Hoffnungen propagierten hyperthermen Peritoneallavagen erst im Tierexperiment einer kontrollierten Untersuchung unterzogen werden.
    Notes: Summary There are numerous reports on in vitro and in vivo investigations of hyperthermia for cytostasis of malignant tumors. Combination of chemotherapy and hyperthermia is to potentiate the therapeutic effect. The time interval between the two types of therapy was the main subject of the present investigation. Local hyperthermia (43°C, 60 min) following BCNU chemotherapy at intervals of 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 h, respectively, was studied in a colonic Yoshida sarcoma model in Sprague-Dawley rats. No significant increase in the curing rate resulted from hyperthermic treatment. The results suggest that the highly anticipated hyperthermic peritoneal lavages should be investigated in controlled animal experiments prior to clinical use.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01254653
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  • 111
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Collagen of slow twitch and fast twitch muscle fibres in different types of rat skeletal muscle (1984)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 52 (1984), S. 235-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Collagen ; Fast and slow twitch fibres ; Skeletal muscle ; Rat ; Endurance training
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The appearance of collagen around individual fast twitch (FT) and slow twitch (ST) muscle fibres was investigated in skeletal muscles with different contractile properties using endurance trained and untrained rats as experimental animals. The collagenous connective tissue was analyzed by measuring hydroxyproline biochemically and by staining collagenous material histochemically in M. soleus (MS), M. rectus femoris (MRF), and M. gastrocnemius (MG). The concentration of hydroxyproline in the ST fibres dissected from MS (2.72±0.35 Μg·mg−1 d.w.) was significantly higher than that of the FT fibres dissected from MRF (1.52±0.33 Μg·mg−1 d.w.). Similarly, the concentration of hydroxyproline was higher in ST (2.54±0.51 ⧎g·mg−1 d.w.) than in FT fibres (1.60±0.43 Μg·mg−1 d.w.), when the fibres were dissected from the same muscle, MG. Histochemical staining of collagenous material agreed with the biochemical evidence that MS and the slow twitch area of MG are more collagenous than MRF and the fast twitch area of MG both at the level of perimysium and endomysium. The variables were not affected by endurance training. When discussing the role of collagen in the function of skeletal muscle it is suggested that the different functional demands of different skeletal muscles are also reflected in the structure of intramuscular connective tissue, even at the level of endomysial collagen. It is supposed that the known differences in the elastic properties of fast tetanic muscle compared to slow tonic muscle as, e.g., the higher compliance of fast muscle could at least partly be explained in terms of the amount, type, and structure of intramuscular collagen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00433399
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  • 112
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical demonstration of caldesmon (a calmodulin-binding, F-actin-interacting protein) in smooth muscle fibers and absorptive epithelial cells in the small intestine of the rat (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 235 (1984), S. 207-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Caldesmon ; Actin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Small intestine ; Smooth muscle ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of caldesmon (a calmodulin-binding, F-actin-interacting protein) (Sobue et al. 1982) and of actin was studied in the rat's small intestine by means of light-microscopic immunocytochemistry. Positive immunostaining for caldesmon was seen in smooth muscle cells of the intestinal wall, and of blood vessels, and in the apical portion of the absorptive epithelial cells. The immunoreactivity in goblet cells was difficult to recognize. The positive reaction to immunostaining for actin showed almost the same pattern as that for caldesmon. These results suggest that this calmodulin-binding protein may play an important role in the control of actin-myosin interaction in smooth muscle cells and in non-muscle cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213742
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  • 113
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alteration by estrogen of the nucleoli in nerve cells of the rat hypothalamus (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 235 (1984), S. 485-489 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ventromedial nucleus ; Hypothalamus ; Ultra-structure ; Nucleoli ; Estrogen effects ; Chromatin ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Estrogen is accumulated from the blood by nerve cells in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus and can facilitate female reproductive behavior by acting on this region of the brain. This cell group was examined in ovariectomized female rats, given estrogen or control treatment, by use of light and electron microscopy. A significantly greater portion of the nerve cells in the estrogen-treated animals had protuberances on their nucleolar surfaces, apparent under the light microscope. The fine structure of such protuberances included dense, aggregated material, which is shown to contain DNA by the sodium tungstate staining technique. Because increased numbers of such protuberances were found in nuclei of cells of the experimental group where previous studies demonstrated a significant increase in ultrastructural signs of biosynthetic activity, they may be associated with increased RNA synthesis. Thus, they could indicate, ultrastructurally, increased synthetic rates for RNA in nerve cells through which estrogen promotes reproductive behavior.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226943
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  • 114
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Karyometry of nuclei in liver cells (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 235 (1984), S. 669-673 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Liver-cell heterogeneity ; Hepatic venous branches ; Karyometry ; Binucleate cells ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In untreated adult male albino rats nuclear volume and the percentage of binucleate cells were determined in the first layer of hepatocytes adjacent to hepatic venous branches of varying diameters (〈40 μm, 40 μm–80 μm, 80 μm–120μm, 120 μm–160 μm, 〉160 μm), and in the third and fourth layer of hepatocytes in the remainder of the perivenous parenchyma. In the first layer of hepatocytes adjacent to the vascular structures means of nuclear volume are significantly lower and percentage of binucleate cells significantly higher than in the cells of the remainder of the perivenous parenchyma. Within each area measured distribution curves of nuclear volume classes were homogeneous but showed heterogeneity in comparison with each other. The morphometric data presented in this study strongly support the opinion of the heterogeneity of liver cells in the perivenous zone, as previously postulated on the basis of histochemical investigations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226967
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  • 115
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A morphometric study of the variations in subcellular structures of rat hepatocytes during 24 hours (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 236 (1984), S. 305-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hepatocytes ; Rat ; Liver ; Circadian rhythm ; Morphometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Subcellular structures of hepatocytes in periportal and perivenous zones were examined during 24 h. The volume, surface and numerical profile densities of cytoplasmic organelles were analysed morphometrically. Most subcellular structures in periportal and perivenous hepatocytes were subject to strong circadian variations. In hepatocytes from both zones, the volume densities of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (sER), mitochondria, lysosomes, peroxisomes, polysomes and lipid droplets demonstrated peak values at 16.00 h, 20.00 h or 00.00 h; trough values were at 04.00 h, 08.00 h, or 12.00 h, except for peroxisomes (16.00 h). However, the volume densities of glycogen granules and rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) in periportal and perivenous hepatocytes exhibited maximal values at 04.00 h, 08.00 h or 12.00 h and minimal values at 20.00 h. The surface densities of sER, mitochondria, lysosomes and peroxisomes, and the numerical profile densities of mitochondria, lysosomes and peroxisomes in periportal and perivenous hepatocytes showed similar trends. These events suggest that membranes of the rER show a partial correlation with the sER, mitochondrial and lysosomal membranes during the 24-h span. This may involve the interaction between ribosomes and rER. Almost all cytoplasmic organelles examined displayed significant differences between periportal and perivenous hepatocytes, morphometrically and in fine structure, indicating that the morphofunctional variability of hepatocytes differs depending on the location in the liver acinus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214231
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  • 116
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mitochondrial binding of triiodothyronine (T3) (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 236 (1984), S. 321-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Triiodothyronine ; Radioautography ; Mitochondria ; Liver ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary To assess the distribution of the thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3) within intact living cells, freshly prepared dispersed rat hepatocytes were incubated with [125I]-T3 for periods of 5 min and 30 min. Lightand electron-microscopic (EM) radioautography was carried out to determine the distribution of grains over the isolated cells. Both procedures showed the grains distributed almost entirely over the cytoplasmic matrix rather than the nucleus. Grain counts under the EM were compared with expectation based on established quantitative methods. Only the mitochondria showed obvious and statistically significant grain counts, whereas the nucleus failed to accumulate grains in excess of expectations by chance alone based on area. The findings support the existence of mitochondrial binding of T3, presumably a prerequisite for its action in direct stimulation of the mitochondria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214233
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    Intercellular junctions between macrophages in the regional lymph node of the rat after injection of large doses of steroids (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 236 (1984), S. 351-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Lymph node ; Steroids ; Macrophages ; Intercellular junctions ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intercellular junctions were often found between macrophages in sinuses of regional lymph nodes of the rat after injection of large doses of cholesterol, cortisone acetate, and estrone at the footpad. They were identified by subplasmalemmal densities, 20–50 nm in width, beneath the plasma membranes of apposed macrophages. No distinct filamentous structures were visible in those dense regions. Electron-dense amorphous materials are lined up at the center of the intercellular space in the junctional regions. Some macrophages form clusters with intercellular junctions. No significant difference in the effect of cholesterol, cortisone acetate, and estrone on the number of intercellular junctions betwene macrophages was found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214238
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  • 118
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    Lectin-binding properties of the Merkel cell and other root sheath cells in perinatal rat vibrissae (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 236 (1984), S. 373-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Merkel cell surface ; Quinacrine fluorescence ; Lectins ; Vibrissae ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Surface carbohydrates on the Merkel cell of the outer root sheath (ORS) were investigated in 1to 4-day-old rat vibrissae by use of rhodamine isothiocyanate (RITC)-conjugated lectins. The red fluorescence of RITC provided a convenient assay for lectin binding to the Merkel cell, which is itself identified by its green fluorescence following selective uptake of the dye quinacrine. In monolayers or suspensions of freshly dissociated ORS cells, the Merkel cell showed high affinity for the α-fucose-specific lectin, Ulex europeus agglutinin I (UEA-I), thus revealing a novel feature for a basally located cell. Other high-affinity lectins included concanavalin A (Con A), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), soybean agglutinin (SBA), and Ricinus communis agglutinin I (RCA-I). In contrast, Dolichos biflorus (DBA), Bandeiraea simplicifolia I and II (BS-I and BS-II), and peanut agglutinin (PNA) virtually excluded the Merkel cell, though PNA-binding sites were unmasked after neuraminidase treatment. Other dispersed ORS cells had varying lectin affinities, and generally binding was inhibited by a competing haptenic sugar. The pattern of lectin binding seen in cryostat and paraffin sections of the vibrissa suggested that the Merkel cells share surface properties with their neighboring basal and/or spinous cells; however, unshared properties are likely to exist since ingrowing mechanosensory nerves recognize the Merkel cells, and not other epidermal cells, as their targets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214241
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    Identification of pericytes in the central nervous system by silver staining of the basal lamina (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 236 (1984), S. 491-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Brain vessels ; Basal lamina ; Pericytes ; Endothelial cells ; Glial cells ; Argyrophilic staining ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Vibratome sections obtained from perfusion-fixed rat brains were stained by means of silver impregnation and physical development according to Gailyas (1970). Small pieces of the cerebral cortex were postfixed with buffered osmium tetroxide solution and processed for electron microscopy to examine the localization of the silver deposit at the cellular level. The cell surfaces of pericytes and smooth muscle cells were completely outlined by silver grains. Endothelial cells and perivascular astrocytes, however, showed an asymmetric distribution of the silver deposit, i.e., the deposit was restricted to the abluminal endothelial surface and to the astrocytic membrane adjacent to the vessel wall, respectively. The method allowed a clear-cut distinction between perikarya of endothelial cells and pericytes as well as glial cells in perivascular position, even at the light-microscopic level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214255
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  • 120
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    Control of peptide release from cells of the intermediate lobe of the rat pituitary (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 236 (1984), S. 561-566 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary gland, pars intermedia ; Peptide hormones ; Dopamine ; Corticotropin-releasing hormone ; 6-Hydroxydopamine ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary When rats were injected with 6-hydroxydopamine the catecholaminergic nerve terminals in their intermediate lobes exhibited distinct signs of degeneration. Morphometric examination of the Golgi apparatus in cells of the intermediate lobe of these rats showed significant enlargement of Golgi cisternae. The release of adrenocorticotropin, β-endorphin/lipotropin and α-melanotropin from intermediate-lobe cells in vitro was measured by radioimmunoassay. The high basal peptide release was inhibited by dopamine and stimulated by methyl-isobutyl-xanthine. In contrast, γ-aminobutyric acid, serotonin, histamine and noradrenaline, or corticotropin-releasing hormone, rat hypothalamic extract and vasopressin had no or only very weak effects. These observations indicate that the synthetic apparatus of intermediate-lobe cells is constantly depressed by dopaminergic nerves. We were not able to stimulate peptide release from intermediate-lobe cells by use of the abovementioned endogenous agents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217223
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  • 121
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    Administration of caerulein to rats promotes antral epithelial cell renewal (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 236 (1984), S. 711-715 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Gastric antral mucosa ; Caerulein ; Gastrointestinal hormones ; Cholecystokinin ; Trophic effect ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The growth-promoting effect of caerulein on antral gastric mucosa was explored using Wistar rats. Implanted osmotic minipumps were used to administer submaximal doses of either caerulein or saline to normal rats for up to 4 days. In one group, reflux of bile and pancreatic juice into the stomach was avoided by previous surgical diversion of the distal common bile duct to the jejunum. DNA synthetic and mitotic activity in the antrum epithelium were estimated by 3H-thymidine pulse labelling and autoradiography during the administration of the peptide. The rate of cell migration was determined in animals killed 1, 2 and 3 days after the 3H-thymidine pulse. Administration of caerulein to normal rats provoked significant increases in both labelling and mitotic indices, and a significant acceleration of the upward cell migration in the glandular tubes. In the animals with distal diversion of bile and pancreatic secretions both labelling and mitotic indices were also increased over control values under the effect of the peptide. These data indicate that administration of caerulein stimulates cell proliferation in the antral gastric mucosa. This effect cannot be explained through increased reflux of pancreaticobiliary secretions in the stomach.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217242
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  • 122
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    Morphometric studies on lipid inclusions in Sertoli cells during the spermatogenic cycle in the rat (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 236 (1984), S. 699-709 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Testis ; Spermatogenic cycle ; Sertoli cell ; Lipid ; Morphometry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The volume and surface area of lipid inclusions often present in the cytoplasm of rat Sertoli cells was measured directly from semi-thin sections of perfusion-fixed testicular tissues using an image analyser linked to a light microscope. Sertoli cell nuclei were used as a reference for comparing any variations in the measured parameters of lipid inclusions during the rat spermatogenic cycle. Volume density of Sertoli cell lipid inclusions was assessed by morphometric analysis of Sertoli cells photographically reconstructed from electron micrographs. Maximum lipid content in Sertoli cells occurred during stages IX–XIV of the spermatogenic cycle, then declined at stages I–III and remained low from stages IV–VIII. The persistence and increase in number of many large Sertoli cell lipid inclusions beyond the stage where spermatid residual bodies are phagocytosed within the Sertoli cells (stage IX) suggests that the synthesis and lipolysis of Sertoli cell lipid inclusions represents an intrinsic functional cycle of the Sertoli cells. Stage-dependent variations in the lipid content of rat Sertoli cells offers morphological evidence that the metabolic duties of the Sertoli cells are synchronised with the spermatogenic cycle to provide local coordination of the proliferation and maturation of the germ cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217241
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  • 123
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    The ovarian follicle as a model for the cell-mediated control of tissue growth (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 236 (1984), S. 717-724 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ovary ; Ovarian follicle ; Atresia ; Immunoregulation ; Immune tolerance ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thy-1+ cells, producing Thy-1+ material, have been demonstrated by the indirect immunoperoxidase technique in the theca of growing ovarian follicles of the rat. OX-2 antigen, known as the minor glycoprotein of rat thymocytes, was detected in granulosa cells of non-growing follicles. Ia+ cells of dendritic type and/or activated macrophages were identified in the granulosa of advanced degenerating follicles, and remnants of the zona pellucida exhibited immunoglobulins. In some ovaries immunoglobulins were also bound to the zona pellucida of oocytes of early degenerating antral follicles. Medium-sized antral follicles with degenerating granulosa were occasionally invaded by cells carrying antigens of cytotoxic T lymphocytes or other T lymphocyte subsets, while degenerating large antral follicles were sometimes invaded by cells exhibiting antigen of cells with natural killer function (but not antigens of T lymphocytes). Granulosa cells of some degenerating antral follicles exhibited class-I antigens derived from the major histocompatibility complex. We suggest that cell-mediated control mechanisms of antigen expression and metabolism of tissue cells during their differentiation and degeneration should be considered in addition to the well-documented hormonal dependence of some tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217243
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    Electron-microscopic demonstration of the distribution of calcium deposits in the exocrine pancreas of the rat after application of carbachol, atropine, cholecystokinin, and procaine (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 235 (1984), S. 683-690 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Exocrine pancreas ; Calcium pool ; Calcium release ; Electron microscopy ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In an attempt to identify a cellular Ca2+-pool, from which calcium is released when secretagogues are applied, tissue fragments of the rat exocrine pancreas were incubated and fixed with glutaraldehyde in the presence of calcium. By means of this procedure electron-dense deposits were found on plasma membranes. X-ray microanalysis showed that these deposits contain calcium. Stimulation of tissue fragments with the use of the secretagogues carbachol or cholecystokinin reduced the number of deposits by about 80%. When the antagonist atropine was applied after carbachol stimulation, deposits reappeared on cell membranes, which then disappeared again after a second stimulation with cholecystokinin. In the presence of procaine, carbachol was inhibited and only slightly reduced the Ca2+-deposits on the plasma membranes. These results suggest that a calcium pool, from which calcium is released to induce enzyme secretion on stimulation, is located in the cell membrane
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226969
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    Evidence for a role of the cytoskeleton in the in vitro folliculogenesis of the thyroid gland of the fetal rat (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 237 (1984), S. 499-508 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Thyroid gland, fetal ; Cytoskeleton ; Cytocha lasin B ; Vinblastine ; Colchicine ; Follicular development (thyroid) ; Tissue culture ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thyrotropic hormone (TSH) or cAMP accelerate the formation of follicular cavities in the explanted thyroid gland of the 15-day-old rat fetus. Cytochalasin B or vinblastine and nocodazole or colchicine, which disorganize microfilamental and microtubular structures respectively, inhibit or completely block in vitro-induced folliculogenesis. Exposure of the thyroid tissue to lumicolchicine, a structural isomer of colchicine deprived of antimicrotubular activity, does not inhibit the activation of folliculogenesis induced by TSH. These results are strong evidence for the supposition that microfilaments and microtubules are involved in the TSH-stimulated mechanisms resulting in thyroid folliculogenesis. Folliculogenesis requires the integrity of both microfilaments and microtubules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00228434
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    Immunocytochemistry and ultrastructure of the neuropil located ventral to the rat supraoptic nucleus (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 236 (1984), S. 171-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Supraoptic nucleus ; Neuropil ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The neuropil located ventral to the SON was investigated by the use of immunoperoxidase staining for neurophysins, oxytocin and vasopressin, and electron miroscopy. The study was performed in six groups of rats: 1) control; 2) infusion of isotonic saline into the CSF; 3) infusion of hypertonic saline into the CSF; 4) drinking hypertonic saline for 4 days; 5) same as group 4 but injection of colchicine into the CSF on second day of dehydration; 6) salt loading for 3 months. In the control rats the ventral neuropil contained a few immunoreactive processes, the general morphology of which was completely different from that of the neurosecretory axons emerging from the SON at its dorsal aspect. In rats of groups 3 to 6 the ventral processes (VP) became loaded with neurosecretory granules, whereas the perikarya and axons were depleted. Based on their general morphology and reactivity pattern it is suggested that the VP are dendrites. Most of these “dendrites” were embedded in a glial cushion formed by the processes of a particular type of marginal glia. Some of these “dendrites” enveloped an arteriole penetrating the optic tract. All VP were rich in synaptic contacts. The possibility that the VP of neurosecretory cells may be functionally related to the subarachnoid CSF and the arteriolar blood flow is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216528
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    Fine structure of the small, granule-containing cells in the superior cervical ganglia of hydrocortisone-treated early postnatal and adult rats (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 238 (1984), S. 297-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Sympathetic ganglion ; Development, ontogenetic ; Corticosteroid treatment ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Hydrocortisone injections into rats on postnatal days 3–9 caused an increase in the number of small granulecontaining cells in the superior cervical ganglia. These cells, corresponding to the small, intensely fluorescent cells, showed an extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum, a large Golgi apparatus and a very large number of granular vesicles. In addition to the granular vesicles, 70–160 nm in diameter, in which the dense core filled most of the vesicle, most cells of the hydrocortisone-injected rats contained also larger granular vesicles, up to 350 nm in diameter, in which the dense core was eccentrically located. A minority of the cells contained only granular vesicles 70–100 nm in diameter, which was the only type seen in the saline-treated control rats. Thirty days after discontinuation of the hydrocortisone treatment, most of the cells with large granular vesicles had disappeared, and only two profiles of such cells were seen on day 40. The other small cells contained only granular vesicles 70–160 nm in diameter, and these cells could not be distinguished from the small granule-containing cells of 40-day-old control rats treated early postnatally with saline. Hydrocortisone treatment, first on days 3–9 and subsequently on days 40–46, caused reappearance of the small granule-containing cells with large granular vesicles up to 350 nm in diameter, the dense core of which was eccentrically located. Hydrocortisone treatment on days 40–46 only was not followed by appearance of such cells in rats treated with saline on days 3–9.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217301
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    Independent development of presynaptic specializations in olfactory cortex of the fetal rat (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 237 (1984), S. 103-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Synapses ; Synaptogenesis ; Development fetal ; Olfactory cortex ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electron microscopy was used to study synaptogenesis in prepyriform cortex of fetal rat pups during early stages of synapse formation. Of special interest is the frequent occurrence of unapposed, developing synaptic specializations in axon and growth cone profiles. The location and morphology of the unapposed specializations suggests that thay are presynaptic in nature. These presumably immature presynaptic specializations are found in the lateral olfactory tract and subjacent cortex. Intermediate forms between uncontacted presynaptic specializations and definitive synapses suggest a synaptogenic sequence in which initial development of an immature presynaptic specialization begins without apposition of a postsynaptic element at that location. This implies that initiation of presynaptic development is not dependent upon postsynaptic contact and also raises the question of whether synaptic contacts could be established via presynaptic induction of postsynaptic formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229204
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    Effects of prolonged maternal fast on the pancreas of 18–21-day-old foetal rats (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 237 (1984), S. 169-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Foetal pancreas ; β Cells ; Insulin ; Fasting mothers ; Morphometry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary After maternal fasting for 72 h the pancreatic β cells of 18-day-old foetal rats show a conspicuous enrichment in secretory material, with an increase of pancreatic insulin concentration and a marked development of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. The morphometric analysis shows that the intracytoplasmic migration of the secretory granules is inhibited, principally inside the cell web. Consequently the number of secretory granules fused with plasma membrane decreases and this is associated with a decreased foetal plasma insulin. The difference in the ultrastructural aspect of the β cells of foetuses from fasting mothers and of foetuses from fed mothers is less conspicuous at 19 days of gestation and progressively disappears at 20 and 21 days. The modifications in ultrastructural aspect and in functional state are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229213
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    Glial cells in the pineal gland of mice and rats (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 237 (1984), S. 245-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pineal organ ; Interstitial cells ; Astrocytes ; Immunocytochemistry ; Rat ; Mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Antigenic markers characteristic of astrocytes and their differentiative states (i.e., glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), vimentin, and M1 and C1 antigens) were investigated in the pineal gland of mouse and rat using double immunolabeling techniques. In both species the socalled interstitial cells as characterized by TEM were shown to be astrocytes, since they expressed vimentin, but neither fibronectin (a marker for fibroblasts and endothelial cells) nor the neuron-specific L1 antigen or tetanus toxin receptors. Subpopulations of vimentin-positive pineal astrocytes were also GFAP- and C1- antigen-positive. M1- antigenpositive cells were not detected. It is concluded that a considerable proportion of interstitial cells in the pineal gland of rat and mouse are immature astrocytes which, in contrast to other parts of the central nervous system, persist into adulthood.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217142
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    Histological study of ibotenic acid-induced modifications of rat retina and their attenuation by diazepam (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 238 (1984), S. 81-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Retina ; Ibotenic acid ; Toxicity ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary After 2 h intraocular injections of 19 and 190 nmoles ibotenic acid in the rat retina produced an intensive vacuolization of the inner plexiform layer and cellular alterations, in the inner nuclear layer and ganglion cell layer. These alterations consisted of either cytoplasmic swelling accompanied by clumping of the nuclear chromatin or darkening of the cytoplasm along with nuclear condensation. A week later the retinas were thinner than the controls due to the disappearance of the affected cells. Pre-treatment with diazepam prevents the morphological alterations induced by 19 nmoles ibotenic acid; mainly the swelling, which was completely prevented, while the darkening was reduced drastically, although some vacuolization of the inner plexiform layer is still present.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215147
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    Glial fibrillary acidic protein and differentiation of neonatal rat pituicytes in vitro (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 238 (1984), S. 191-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) ; Pituicytes, neonatal ; Development, ontogenetic ; Immunofluorescence ; Organ culture ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The appearance and intracellular localisation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in pituicytes in neural lobe cultures of newborn rats aged 7 to 30 days were investigated by use of the indirect immunofluorescence method. GFAP-immunoreactive cells were observed mostly in the outgrowth zone. GFAP was localised in the perikaryal cytoplasm as well as in pituicyte processes. GFAP-positive pituicytes showed considerable morphological polymorphism. The presence of GFAP — astrocytic marker — in pituicytes in vitro and the evident morphological similarity to cultured astrocytes suggest the astroglial character of these cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215161
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    Localization and function of cyclic guanosine monophosphate-phosphodiesterase activity in the retinal rods of the rat by means of a newly developed cytochemical method (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 238 (1984), S. 453-457 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cyclic guanosine monophosphate-phosphodiesterase (cGMP-PDEase) ; New cytochemical method ; Retina ; Rods, outer segments ; Light perception ; 5′GMPase ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cyclic guanosine monophosphate-phosphodiesterase (cGMP-PDEase) activity was studied histo- and cytochemically in the retinal rods of the rat with the use of a newly developed technique. Intense activity of cGMP-PDEase was evenly distributed over the outer segments of the rods. Reaction product was observed on the plasmalemma and on the disk membranes of the outer segments. A weak reaction product occurred also on the plasmalemma of the inner segments; however, no precipitate was found in the perinuclear and synaptic portions of the rod cells. The enzyme activity was strongly inhibited by 2 mM theophilline and by 2 mM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX). To confirm the specificity of this new cGMP-PDEase method, the localization of 5′nucleotidase (5′GMPase) was also studied. In contrast to the activity of cGMP-PDEase, the activity of 5′GMPase was distributed on the plasma membrane of the photoreceptor cells extending over a wide range from the synaptic endings in the outer plexiform layer to the tip of the outer segments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219860
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    Compartments and perivascular arrangement of the meninges covering the cerebral cortex of the rat (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 238 (1984), S. 459-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Meningeal compartment ; Perivascular space ; Brain intercellular compartment ; Cerebral cortex ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The intercellular clefts of the brain and the leptomeninges, and the perivascular spaces were studied with reference to the results obtained in a previous study (Krisch et al. 1983). The spatial relationships of these compartments were analyzed at the electron-microscopic level. Horse-radish peroxidase (HRP) was injected into the brain or into the contralateral ventricle. The pattern of distribution of HRP depends on the boundary situation in the individual compartments. The inner and outer pial layers accompany the vessels intruding into the brain. In the Virchow-Robin space the pial funnel obliterates within a short distance. The inner arachnoid layer is continuous with the outer arachnoid layer when it covers the vessels traversing the meningeal space. The perivascular compartment is not in communication with the arachnoid space; moreover, the pial funnel within the Virchow-Robin space is sealed off against the arachnoid space. Thus, blood vessels traversing the meningeal spaces and subsequently penetrating the brain surface are exposed to the common intercellular compartment represented by the intercellular clefts of the brain and the leptomeninges; this compartment does not communicate with the other compartments. The cerebrospinal fluid located in this intercellular compartment is preferentially drained into the upper cervical lymph nodes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219861
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    Immunohistochemical study of S-100 protein in the postnatal development of Müller cells and astrocytes in the rat retina (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 238 (1984), S. 503-508 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: S-100 ; Müller cell ; Astrocyte ; Development ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The rat retina was studied by immunohistochemistry with antibody to S-100 protein during the first three postnatal weeks. Immunoreactive astrocytes are first detected subjacent to the inner limiting membrane close to the optic disc. They gradually increase in number and spread toward the ora serrata along the inner surface of the retina as the development proceeds. S-100-immunostained Müller cells are first identified on the 12th postnatal day although their immunoreactivity is much weaker than that of astrocytes at the same stage. This differential intensity of the immunoreactivity of the two cell types facilitates observation of the entire shape of the astrocyte. This characteristic reveals that cellular investments of blood vessels in the inner retina are formed by astrocytic processes whereas those in the outer plexiform layer are derived from processes of Müller cells. The cellular investment becomes complete by the 18th postnatal day.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219865
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    Immunohistochemical study on the development of CRF-containing neurons in the hypothalamus of the rat (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 238 (1984), S. 539-544 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: CRF-neurons ; Hypothalamus ; Development, ontogenetic ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Appearance of immunoreactive corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-containing neurons was studied in developing hypothalamus of the rat by use of antisera against rat- and ovine CRF. These neurons were first recognized in the lateral and paraventricular nuclei on days 15.5 and 16.5 of gestation, respectively, when antiserum against rat CRF was employed. Antiserum against ovine CRF revealed the cells two days later exclusively in the latter nucleus. In both nuclei, the neurons increased in number with development. The neurons in the paraventricular nucleus appeared to project their immunoreactive processes to the median eminence via the periventricular and lateral pathways. In the median eminence, the immunoreaction with antiserum to rat CRF was first recognized in its anterior portion in the form of dots on day 16.5 of gestation but as beaded fibers in the external layer on day 17.5; these structures increased in amount with development in rostro-caudal direction. Although antiserum to ovine CRF was less potent in immunostainability than antiserum to rat CRF, it also revealed the beaded fibers in the median eminence on day 17.5 of gestation. Since evidence is available that the paraventricular nucleus is involved in corticotropin release, it is concluded that, in rats, the hypothalamic regulatory mechanism controlling the release of corticotropin initially appears on days 16.5–17.5 of gestation.
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    Effects of ovariectomy and estradiol administration on the adrenal macrophage system of the rat (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 238 (1984), S. 559-564 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenal cortex ; Macrophages ; Ovariectomy ; Rat ; Estradiol administration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Macrophages of the adrenal cortex were studied in normal male and female, ovariectomized and estradiol-injected rats. In normal male rats few macrophages with numerous granules were observed in the zona fasciculatazona reticularis border, and in the zona reticularis. Granules, identified as lysosomes, were limited by a single membrane with a heterogeneous matrix; they exhibited acid phosphatase- and aminotriazole-resistant peroxidatic activities. A larger number of macrophages had identical distributions in normal female rats. In ovariectomized and estradiol-injected rats the number and distribution of adrenal macrophages were similar to those in normal females; however, in spayed animals the number of these cells in the zona reticularis was higher than in the other experimental groups. Lysosomes in macrophages of treated animals were more numerous and their contents more complex than in normal male animals. These results indicate that the adrenal macrophage system is stimulated in experimental conditions involving high levels of circulating estrogens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219872
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  • 138
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    Coordination Complexes of Some Group(IV) Halides with Monodentate Schiff Bases (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 508 (1984), S. 187-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Komplexe von Halogeniden der IV. Gruppe mit einzähnigen Schiffschen BasenVerschiedene Komplexe, die bei der Reaktion von N-(phenyl)benzalaldimin und seinen Derivaten mit einer Methylgruppe in verschiedenen Positionen des Anilinringes mit Halogeniden der IV. Gruppe, MX4, (M = Si bzw. Sn und X = Cl bzw. Br) entstehen, wurden hergestellt und mittels UV-, IR- und Raman-Spektren charakterisiert.
    Notes: Coordination compounds resulting from the interaction of N-(phenyl)benzalaldimine and its derivatives containing a methyl group in different positions of the aniline ring and group(IV) halides, MX4 (where M = Si or Sn and X = Cl or Br), have been prepared and characterized by elemental analyses and electronic, infrared and Raman spectra.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845080126
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  • 139
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    Neue Beobachtungen zum chemischen Transport von GeO2. V. Zur Mineralisatorwirkung von Na-Verbindungen auf den Modifikationswechsel von GeO2 (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 508 (1984), S. 208-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845080130
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  • 140
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    Beiträge zur Chemie des Phosphors. 134. Über die Triphosphane H(t-BuP)3H, Li(t-BuP)3Li und Me3Si(t-BuP)3SiMe3 (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 509 (1984), S. 38-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Contributions to the Chemistry of Phosphorus. 134. On the Triphosphanes H(t-BuP)3H' Li(t-BuP)3Li, and Me3Si(t-BuP)3SiMe3The reaction of 1,3-diiodo-1,2,3-tri-tert-butyltriphosphane, I(t-BuP)3I, with lithium aluminium hydride leads to 1,2,3-tri-tert-butyltriphosphane, H(t-BuP)3H (1). 1 reacts with n-butyllithium to 1,3-dilithium-1,2,3-tri-tert-butyltriphosphide, Li(t-BuP)3Li (2), which reacts further with trimethylchlorosilane yielding 1,3-bis(trimethylsilyl)-1,2,3-tri-tert-butyltriphosphane, Me3Si(t-BuP)3SiMe3 (3). The triphosphanes 1, 2 and 3 could be isolated in a pure state. In solution 1 forms the threo, threo and the threo,erythro configurated diastereomers 1a and 1b in a ratio of about 2:1. 3 predominantly exists in form of the threo,erythro configurated diastereomer 3b by steric reasons.
    Notes: Die Umsetzung von 1,3-Diiod-1,2,3-tri-tert-butyltriphosphan, I(t-BuP)3I, mit Lithiumaluminiumhydrid führt zu 1,2,3-Tri-tert-butyltriphosphan, H(t-BuP)3H (1). 1 reagiert mit n-Butyllithium zu 1,3-Dilithium-1,2,3-tri-tert-butyltriphosphid, Li(t-BuP)3Li (2), das mit Trimethylchlorsilan weiter zu 1,3-Bis(trimethylsilyl)-1,2,3-tri-tert-butyltriphosphan, Me3Si(t-BuP)3SiMe3 (3), umgesetzt werden kann. Die Triphosphane 1, 2 und 3 konnten in reiner Form isoliert werden. In Lösung bildet 1 die threo, threo- und threo,erythro-konfigurierten Diastereomere 1 a und 1 b im Verhältnis von etwa 2:1. 3 liegt aus sterischen Gründen hauptsächlich in Form des threo, erythro-konfigurierten Diastereomers 3 b vor.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845090204
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  • 141
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    Oxydationsprodukte intermetallischer Phasen. III. Tieftemperaturformen von K2Sn2O3 und Rb2Sn2O3 und eine Notiz über K2Ge2O3 (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 509 (1984), S. 145-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Oxidation Products of Intermetallic Compounds. III. Low Temperature Forms of K2Sn2O3 and Rb2Sn2O3 and a Notice about K2Ge2O3By controlled oxidation of KSn (at 320°C) and RbSn (at 410°C) with O2 the hitherto unknown low temperature forms of K2Sn2O3 (a = 8.4100(8) Å) and Rb2Sn2O3 (a = 8.6368(8) Å) are obtained, which are isotopic with cubic K2Pb2O3. Oxidation at higher temperatures (at 510-5207°C) leads to the well-known HT-forms. The Madelung Part of Lattic Energie, MAPLE, is calculated for both compounds.K2Pb2O3, Rb2Pb2O3, Cs2Pb2O3, and Cs2Sn2O3 have been prepared too by oxidation of KPb, RbPb, CsPb, and CsSn.Oxidation of KGe (at 400°C) leads to the first oxogermanate(II), K2Ge2O3 (cubic a = 8.339(1) Å, isotypic with K2Pb2O3) together with K6Ge2O7.
    Notes: Aus KSn bzw. RbSn entstehen durch direkte Oxydation K2Sn2O3 bzw. Rb2Sn2O3 bei 320°C bzw. 410°C die bislang unbekannten „Tieftemperaturformen“ (a = 8,4100(8)Å bzw. a = 8,6368(8)Å), isotyp mit kubischem K2Pb2O3. Bei höherer Temperatur (510 bzw. 520°C) entstehen die bekannten Hochtemperaturformen.Der Madelunganteil der Gitterenergie, MAPLE, wird berechnet und diskutiert.Ebenso erhält man durch direkte Oxydation von KPb, RbPb, CsPb und CsSn die Oxide K2Pb2O3, Rb2Pb2O3, Cs2Pb2O3 und Cs2Sn2O3. Durch Oxydation von KGe wurde bei 400°C erstmals K2Ge2O3 (kubisch a = 8,339(1) Å; isotyp mit K2Pb2O3) neben K6Ge2O7 erhalten.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845090215
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  • 142
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    The Reaction of SnCl2 with Br2 and I2 in Weak Donor Solvents (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 509 (1984), S. 174-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Reaktion des SnCl2 mit Br2 und I2 in schwachen Donor-LösungsmittelnEs wurden die Verbindungen SnCl2Br2(MeCN)2, “Sn3Cl8Br4(THF)6” und “Sn3Cl10Br2(OEt)6” durch Reaktion zwischen SnCl2 und Br2 in Acetonitril (MeCN), Tetrahydrofuran (THF) und Diethylether (OEt2) gewonnen. Die zwei letzten Verbindungen sind feste Lösungen von SnCl4L2 und SnCl2Br2L2 (L = THF, OEt2) jeweils im Verhältnis 1:2 und 2:1. Die Verbindungen wurden mit Hilfe von IR-, Raman- und Mößbauer-Spektroskopie charakterisiert. Es wurde C1-Symmetrie für SnCl2Br2(MeCN)2 und C2v mit den Liganden in trans-Position für SnCl2Br2L2 (L = THF, OEt2) gefunden. Das bisher nicht bekannte Mößbauer-Spektrum des SnBr4(THF)2 wurde gemessen und ebenfalls die Reaktion zwischen SnCl2 und I2 in denselben Lösungsmitteln studiert. Die Bildung des SnCl4L2 (L = MeCN, THF, OEt2) SnI4 und einer kleinen Menge des SnI3Cl wurde beobachtet und Raman-spektroskopisch identifiziert.
    Notes: The compounds SnCl2Br2(MeCN)2, “Sn3Cl8Br4(THF)6”, and “Sn3Cl10Br2(OEt2)6” were obtained by reaction between SnCl2 and Br2 in acetonitrile (MeCN), tetrahydrofuran (THF) and diethyl ether (OEt2). The two last are solid solutions of SnCl4L2 and SnCl2Br2L2 (L = THF, OEt2) in the proportions 1:2 and 2:1, respectively. The compounds are characterized by IR, Raman, and Mössbauer spectroscopy, a C1 symmetry being found for SnCl2Br2 (MeCN)2 together with a C2v symmetry, with the ligands in trans positions, for SnCl2Br2L2 (L = THF, OEt2). The Mössbauer spectrum of SnBr4(THF)2 was also obtained, which has not previously been reported. The reaction between SnCl2 and I2 has also been studied in the same solvents, and the formation of SnCl4L2 (L = MeCN, THF, OEt2), SnI4, and a small amount of SnI3Cl was observed, which have been identified by Raman spectroscopy.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845090219
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  • 143
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    Cobalt(II) Complexes of 4,6-Dimethylpyrimidine-2(1H)-one (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 509 (1984), S. 192-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Einige Cobalt(II)-Komplexe von 4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2(1H)-on (HL) wurden dargestellt und mittels IR- und Elektronenspektren magnetochemisch und konduktometrisch untersucht. Der Ligand wird über das nicht protonierte N-Ringatom angelagert und in einem Fall auch über das O-Atom der Carbonylgruppe. Die “blauen” Komplexe [CoX2 · 2HL] (X2 = Cl2, CBr, Br2, (NCS)2) und [CoX2 · 2HL] · 2HL (X = Cl, Br) haben eine verzerrte C2v-Anordnung [CoX2N2]; die Thiocyanate sind über die N-Atome an das Metall gebunden. Die „grünen“ Komplexe CoX2 · 2HL (X = Cl(4H2O), Br) besitzen eine quadratisch-pyramidale Anordnung [CoX2N2O]. Die „rosa“ Komplexe CoX2 · 4HL · nH2O (X = ClO4, n = 2, X = BF4, n = 8, CF3CO2, n = 4) und die „cremefarbigen“ CoX2 · 4HL · 6H2O (X = J, ClO4) zeigen oktaedrische Anordnung; nur CF3CO2- ist koordiniert. Die „veilchenfarbenen“ Komplexe CoAcL · 2HL · 2H2O und Co3Ac4L2 · 2HL · 2H2O haben eine mehrkernige Struktur; das Acetation betätigt sich als zweizähniger Ligand.
    Abstract: CoII-Komplexe von 4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2(1H)-on
    Notes: Some cobalt(II) complexes of 4,6-dimethylpyrimidine-2(1H)-one (HL) have been prepared and studied by infrared and electronic spectra and by magneto-chemical and conductometric measurements. The ligand is coordinated through the unprotonated ring-nitrogen atom and in one case also through the carbonylic oxygen atom. The “blue” complexes [CoX2 · 2HL] (X2 = Cl2, ClBr, Br2, (NCS)2) and [CoX2 · 2HL] · 2HL (X = Cl, Br) have a distorted C2v [CoX2N2] coordination; the thiocyanate ion is N-bonded to the metal. The “green” complexes CoX2 · 2HL (X = Cl(4H2O), Br) have a square-pyramidal [CoX2N2O] coordination. The “pink” CoX2 · 4HL · nH2O (X = ClO4, n = 2; X = BF4, n = 8; X = F3Ac, n = 4) and “cream” CoX2 · 4HL · 6 H2O (X = I, ClO4) complexes have an octahedral coordination; only the F3Ac- ion is coordinated. The “cyclamen” CoAcL · 2HL · 2 H2O and Co3Ac4L2 · 2HL · 2H2O complexes have a polynuclear constitution; the Ac- ion behaves as bidentate ligand.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845090221
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  • 144
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    Raman-spektroskopische Untersuchungen an koordinationspolymeren Metall-tricyanmethaniden M[C(CN)3]2 (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 510 (1984), S. 31-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Raman Spectroscopic Investigations of Coordination Polymeric Metal TricyanmethanidesThe Raman spectra of 3d-metal tricyanmethanides M{C(CN)3}2 as well as of [Ni{C(CN)3}2py2] are investigated. The observed Raman lines are assigned, characteristic variations of position and intensity of these lines are discussed.
    Notes: Es werden die Ramanspektren der koordinationspolymeren 3d-Metalltricyanmethanide M{C(CN)3}2 (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn) sowie von [Ni{C(CN)3}2py2] untersucht. Die beobachteten Ramanlinien werden zugeordnet, charakteristische Variationen der Lage und Intensität dieser Linien werden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845100306
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  • 145
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    Zur Chemie und Strukturchemie der Phosphide und Polyphosphide. 34 [1] Dampfdruckuntersuchungen am System Europium-Phosphor (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 510 (1984), S. 51-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Chemistry and Structural Chemistry of Phosphides and Polyphosphides. 34. Vapor Pressure Measurements in the Europium-Phosphorus SystemThe vapor pressure of the europium phosphides EuP7, α-EuP3, ß-EuP3, EuP2 and Eu3P4 were measured using the Knudsen-Effusion technique. These compounds were vaporized incongruently according to the general reaction a EuPm, (s) = a EuPn, (s) + P4, (g) where a (m - n) = 4. The following enthalpies and entropies of reaction were calculated (δH)kJ · mol-1/δS (J · K-1 mol-1)/ T(K). [δH/δS/T]: EuP7 → ß-EuP3 [191/215/698]; α-EuP3 → EuP2 [212/162/847]; ß-EuP3 → EuP2 [261/212/847]; EuP2 → Eu3P4 [209/144/868]; Eu3P4 → EuP [240/131/1110]. The temperature and pressure ranges over which these phosphides exist were determined from the above values. Standard enthalpies of formation relative to EuP(s) were calculated by combining different reaction enthalpies. The results demonstrate the relatively high stability of ß-EuP3, EuP7 and the instability of EuP2.
    Notes: Für die Europiumphosphide EuP7, α-EuP3, ß-EuP3, EuP2 und Eu3P4 wurden die Dampfdrucke der inkongruenten Verdampfungsreaktionen a EuPm, (f) = a EuPn, (f) + P4, (g) mit a(m - n) = 4 mit der Knudsen-Methode gemessen. Zur Abspaltung von einem Mol P4,(g) wurden bei den mittleren Temperaturen T(K) die folgenden Reaktionsenthalpien δH(kJ · mol-1) und Reaktionsentropien δS(J · K-1 · mol-1) erhalten: [δH/δS/T]: EuP7 β ß-EuP3 [191/215/698]; α-EuP3 → EuP2 [212/162/847]; ß-EuP3 → EuP2 [261/212/847]; EuP2 → Eu3P4 (209/144/868); Eu3P4 → EuP [240/131/1110]. Hierdurch wurden die Existenzfelder der verschiedenen Europiumphosphide in Abhängigkeit von Druck und Temperatur festgelegt. Durch Kombination der verschiedenen Reaktionsenthalpien werden die Standardbildungsenthalpien der Phosphide relativ zu EuP berechnet. Sie zeigen die hohe Stabilität von ß-EuP3 und EuP7 sowie die Instabilität von EuP2.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845100309
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    Synthese und Kristallstruktur von (PPh4)2[Mo2Cl10] (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 508 (1984), S. 86-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of (PPh4)2[Mo2Cl10]The title compound is obtained in the reaction of [MoCl4(Ph—C≡C—Ph)]2 with tetraphenylphosphonium chloride in dichloro methane, forming brown crystals. It is characterized by the i.r. spectrum and a crystal structure analysis by the aid of X-ray diffraction data. The complex crystallizes triclinic in the space group P1 with one formula unit per unit cell. The cell dimensions are a = 1122 pm, b = 1137 pm, c = 1283 pm; α = 63.4°, β = 69.1°, γ = 86.5°. The crystal structure determination (2959 observed, independent reflexions, R = 4.5%) shows the constants of the unit cell to consist of on centrosymmetric anion, two cations and one disordered molecule of dichloro methane. The distance Mo—Mo in the anion is 380 pm, which excludes direct magnetic interaction between the molybdenum atoms.
    Notes: Die Titelverbindung entsteht in Form brauner Kristalle durch Umsetzung von [MoCl4(Ph—C≡C—Ph)]2 mit Tetraphenylphosphoniumchlorid in Dichlormethan; sie wird durch das IR-Spektrum und durch eine Kristallstrukturbestimmung charakterisiert. Der Komplex kristallisiert triklin in der Raumgruppe P1 mit einer Formeleinheit pro Elementarzelle. Die Zellparameter betragen a = 1122 pm, b = 1137 pm, c = 1283 pm, α = 63,4°, β = 69,1°, γ = 86,5°. Die röntgenographische Kristallstrukturbestimmung (2959 beobachtete, unabhängige Reflexe, R = 4,5%) zeigt, daß die Struktur aus zentrosymmetrischen, dimeren Anionen, isolierten Kationen, und einem fehlgeordneten Molekül Dichlormethan pro Elementarzelle besteht. Der Mo—Mo-Abstand im Anion beträgt 380 pm, was eine direkte magnetische Wechselwirkung zwischen den Mo-Atomen ausschließt.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845080113
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    Synthese und Röntgenstrukturanalyse von Tris(diethyldithiocarbamato) dimethylphenylphosphantechnetium(III), einem Technetium-Komplex mit der Koordinationszahl 7 (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 510 (1984), S. 117-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation and Crystal and Molecular Structure of Tris(diethyldithiocarbamato)dimethylphenylphosphinetechnetium (III)The title compound Tc(S2CNEt2)3(Me2PhP) I has been prepared by the reaction of TcCl3(Me2PhP)3 with NaS2CNEt2. The crystal structure of I has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods at room temperature. Crystals are rhombic, space group P212121, with a = 8.708(1), b = 12.012(1), c = 29.626(3) Å and Z = 4. The compound consists of discrete I molecules. The technetium atom has a seven-coordinated environment which is best described as a distorted pentagonal bipyramid. The Tc - P distance (2.330(3) Å) is remarkably short compared with other technetium complexes with mono-dentate phosphine ligands.
    Notes: Die Titelverbindung Tc(S2CNEt2)3(Me2PhP) I wurde durch Reaktion von TcCl3(Me2PhP)3 mit NaS2CNEt2 dargestellt und ihre Kristall- und Molekülstruktur durch Röntgenstrukturanalyse ermittelt. Die Kristalle sind rhombisch, Raumgruppe P212121, mit a = 8,708(1), b = 12,012(1), c = 29,626(3) Å und Z = 4. Die Verbindung besteht aus diskreten monomeren Molekülen. Das Technetiumatom hat siebenfache Koordination, die am besten als geringfügig verzerrte pentagonale Bipyramide beschrieben werden kann. Die Tc - P-Bindungslänge (2,330(3) Å) ist bemerkenswert kurz im Vergleich zu anderen Technetiumkomplexverbindungen mit einzähnigen Phosphanen.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845100317
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    Ein Beitrag zur Struktur geschmolzener Mischungen aus Alkalimetall- und Erdalkalimetallhalogeniden, dargestellt an ihren thermodynamischen Eigenschaften (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 510 (1984), S. 152-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Thermodynamics and Structure of Molten Mixtures Alkali Halide-Alkaline Earth HalideThermodynamic quantities ai, fi, GE, and SE were calculated on the basis of vapour pressures of molten mixtures of the type alkali halide-alkaline earth halide. Negative deviations from ideality were found in all systems. The influence of cations or anions on the properties of mixtures is discussed. There is a good correlation between GE and the change of polarization energy δEp. Strong ionic interactions were found in molten mixtures, especially in the system RbBr - CaBr2. The existence of stable complex ions in melts could not be shown by Raman spectroscopy.
    Notes: Aus den Dampfdrücken der geschmolzenen Mischungen vom Typ Alkalimetallhalogenid-Erdalkalimetallhalogenid wurden die thermodynamischen Daten ai, fi, GE sowie Orientierungswerte für SE berechnet. In allen Systemen treten z. T. beträchtliche negative Abweichungen von der Idealität auf. An ausgewählten Beispielen wird der Einfluß der Kationen bzw. Anionen auf die Mischungseigenschaften diskutiert. Für die GE-Werte ergibt sich eine gute Korrelation mit der Änderung der Polarisationsenergie δEp. Ramanspektroskopische Untersuchungen konnten die Existenz stabiler komplexer Ionen nicht belegen, weisen aber besonders bei den Mischungen RbBr - CaBr2 auf starke interionische Wechselwirkungen hin.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845100321
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    Solid-State Equilibria in the MoO3 - TeO2 - Al2O3 System (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 510 (1984), S. 189-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Die binären und ternären Gleichgewichte im System MoO3 - TeO2 - Al2O3 wurden rötgenographisch untersucht. Bei 750°C in Luft wurden in diesem System die im Abstract angegebenen koexistierenden Bereiche gefunden. Eine Bildung ternärer Verbindungen konnten im untersuchten Temperaturbereich (450 - 750°C) nicht beobachtet werden.
    Notes: The binary and ternary equilibrium reactions of Al2O3 with TeO2 and MoO3 were studied by X-ray diffraction methods and the following compatibility ranges were determined in the TeO2 - MoO3 - Al2O3 system at 750°C in air: TeO2, Te2MoO7, Al2TeO6; Te2MoO7, MoO3, Al2TeO6; MoO3, Al2(MoO4)3, Al2TeO6; Al2(MoO4)3, Al2O3, Al2TeO6. Ternary compound formation was not observed in the temperature range investigated (450 - 750°C).Phasengleichgewichte im System MoO3 - TeO2 - Al2O3.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845100326
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  • 150
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    NMR-spektroskopische Untersuchungen an 15N-markierten N-Phosphorylphosphazenen und Imidodiphosphorsäure-DerivatenProfessor Hans-Albert Lehmann zum 65. Geburtstage am 1. Mai 1984 gewidmet (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 511 (1984), S. 7-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: N.M.R. Spectroscopic Studies of 15N Labelled N-Phosphorylphosphazenes and Imidodiphosphoric Acid Derivatives15N labelled compounds were prepared and investigated by means of 31P- and 15N-NMR spectroscopy. The chemical shift values δP and δN, and the coupling constants 1JPN and 2JPP are discussed and interpreted qualitatively by semiempirical quantumchemical calculations (CNDO/2) using POPLE'S ΔE-model.
    Notes: 15N-markierte Verbindungen der Substitutionsreihen wurden synthetisiert und mit Hilfe der 31P- und 15N-NMR-Spektroskopie untersucht. Die chemischen Verschiebungen δP und δN sowie die Kopplungskonstanten 1JPN und 2JPP werden diskutiert und qualitativ mit Hilfe halbempirischer quantenchemischer Rechnungen (CNDO/2) im Rahmen des POPLE-schen ΔE-Modells interpretiert.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845110402
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    Zur Umsetzung des Zweikomponentensystems Triethylphosphit/Tetrachlorkohlenstoff mit wasserstoffhaltigen Nucleophilen 1. Die Reaktion mit SäureamidenProfessor Hans-Albert Lehmann zum 65. Geburtstage am 1. Mai 1984 gewidmet (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 511 (1984), S. 51-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reaction of the Two-component System Triethylphosphite/Carbon Tetrachloride with Nucleophiles Containing Hydrogen. 1. Reaction with Acyl AmidesAcyl amides react with the two-component system triethylphosphite/carbon tetrachloride yielding N-acyl phosphazenes, (EtO)3P=N—Ac. In this way (EtO)3P=N—P(O)(OEt)2, (EtO)3P=N—CN, (EtO)3P=N—C(O)Ph, and (EtO)3P=N—SO2Ph were prepared. Ethyl esters of phosphoric acid and trichloromethane phosphonic acid were obtained as by-products.
    Notes: Säureamide reagieren mit dem Zweikomponentensystem Triethylphosphat/Tetrachlorkohlenstoff zu N-Acylphosphazenen, (EtO)3P=N—Ac. Auf diese Weise wurden aus entsprechenden Amiden (EtO)3P=N—P(O)(OEt)2, (EtO)3P=N—CN, (EtO)3P=N—C(O)Ph und (EtO)3P=N—SO2Ph dargestellt. Als Nebenprodukte werden Phosphorsäureethylester und Trichlormethanphosphonsäureester erhalten.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845110406
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  • 152
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    Diskrete polynukleare Metall-Komplexe aus Polysulfid-Lösungen: [Cu6S17]2-, ein ungewöhnlicher binärer CuI-Komplex mit verschiedenen bemerkenswerten strukturellen Eigenschaften (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 511 (1984), S. 84-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Discrete Polynuclear Metal Complexes from Polysulfide Solutions: [Cu6S17]2-, a Novel Binary Polynuclear CuI Complex with Several Remarkable Structural FeaturesThe complex [Cu6S17]2-, obtained from Cu(acac)2 and an ethanolic polysulfide solution, contains an unusual arrangement of the metal atoms and novel types of ligand coordination, particularly of polysulfido (S42- and S52-) ions. The relevance of the synthesis with respect to the “dilemma of transporting metals together with sulfur” for the process of metal sulfide rock formation is evidenced. (PPh4)2[Cu6S17] crystallizes in the space group C2/c with Z = 4 (for further details see Inhaltsübersicht).
    Notes: Der Komplex [Cu6S17]2-, der als Tetraphenylphosphonium-Salz (1) aus Cu(acac)2 und einer ethanolischen Polysulfidlösung erhalten wurde, zeigt eine ungewöhnliche Anordnung der Metall-Atome und eine neuartige Koordination von Polysulfidoliganden (S42- und S52-). Auf die Relevanz der Synthese bezüglich der Problematik der Entstehung von Metall-Sulfid-Mineralien wird hingewiesen. 1 kristallisiert monoklin in der Raumgruppe C2/c mit Z = 4 (Gitterdimensionen a = 20,270(7), b = 11,605(5), c = 26,331(9) Å, β = 109,68(4)°).
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845110410
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    Bildung siliciumorganischer Verbindungen. 97. Über den Einfluß der Si-Substituenten (Me, Cl) auf Bildung und Reaktion von Yliden (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 511 (1984), S. 108-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Formation of Organosilicon Compounds. 97. About the Influence of the Si-Substituents (Me, Cl) upon the Formation and the Reactions of Ylides1,3-disilapropanes with different grade of chlorination or methylation at the silicon atoms and containing a CCl2 group cleave the Si—P bond of Me3SiPMe2. By subsequent rearrangement ylides with = PMe2Cl group are formed. The reactivity of the CCl2 group depends on the grade of Si-chlorination resp. Si-methylation. Si-methylation decreases the reactivity of the CCl2 group. The reaction of 1,3-disilapropanes and Me3SiPMe2 (molar ratio 1:1) runs in a sequence shown in “Inhaltsübersicht”. Ylid C is able either to react with the initial compound A forming B, or in competition decomposes forming D. Reacting Si-perchlorinated carbosilanes, the decomposition forming D is not to be observed. In Si-methylated ylides like (Me3Si)2C=PMe2—PMe2 and (Me3Si)2C=PMe2—P(Me)SiMe3 the ylid carbon atom is able to abstract a proton of the P—CH3 group resp. P—H groups of the trivalent phosphorus forming (Me3Si)2C(H)PMe2. The rearrangement is proved by deuterated derivatives. The different behaviour is due to the increased basicity of the ylid-C atom in Si-methylated phosphorus ylides. Quite the same behaviour show the phosphorus ylides of 1,3,5-trisilacyclohexane.
    Notes: Die am Si-Atom unterschiedlich chlorierten und methylierten 1,3-Disilapropane mit der CCl2-Gruppe ermöglichen die Spaltung von Me3Si—PMe2 unter Bildung der P-halogenierten Phosphorylide, wobei mit steigendem Methylierungsgrad die Reaktivität abnimmt. Die Umsetzungen verlaufen in folgender Reaktionsfolge: Das Ylid C kann mit der nicht umgesetzten Ausgangsverbindung A zu B zurückreagieren oder es zersetzt sich in einer Konkurrenzreaktion zu D. Bei Si-chlorierten Yliden wird die Bildung von D nicht beobachtet. In Si-methylierten Yliden wie (Me3Si)2C=PMe2—PMe2 und (Me3Si)2C=PMe2—P(Me)SiMe3 vermag das Ylid-C-Atom ein H-Atom aus der P—CH3-Gruppe oder der PH-Gruppe des dreibindigen Phosphors zu abstrahieren unter Bildung von (Me3Si)2C(H)PMe2. Die Umlagerung wird anhand deuterierter Derivate belegt. Das unterschiedliche Verhalten wird auf die erhöhte Basizität des Ylid-C-Atoms in den Si-methylierten Phosphoryliden zurückgeführt. Ganz entsprechend verhalten sich die Phosphorylide 1,3,5-Trisilacyclohexans.
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    Polymorphie von SrTa2O6 (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 511 (1984), S. 176-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Polymorphism of SrTa2O6Orthorhombic SrTa2O6 is a new low temperature modification related to orthorhombic CaTa2O6. SrTa2O6(orh.) was obtained when the wellknown modification SrTa2O6(TTB) which is related to the tetragonal tungsten bronzes was heated in the presence of a transporting agent (chlorine) or a mineralizer (melt of B2O3) at temperatures below 1150°C. It could be prepared by the reaction of a 1:1 mixture of Sr(NO3)2 or SrCO3 with Ta2O5 in a sealed quartz glass tube as well. SrTa2O6(orh.) also occurred as an intermediate phase of the reaction of the corresponding 1:2 mixture at temperatures below 900°C (e. g. 840°C). Indexing of Guinier powder patterns led to the following unit cell: a = 11.006 Å, b = 7.638 Å, c = 5.622 Å. At temperatures above 1220°C SrTa2O6(orh.) changes (in air) to SrTa2O6(TTB). A reversal of this transition could not be achieved without the presence of a mineralizer or a transporting agent. CaxSr1-xTa2O6 solid solutions of the low temperature form could not definitely be established. However, at 1300°C solid TTB solutions of CaxSr1-xTa2O6 were formed. For x 〉 0.05 the TTB unit cells are orthorhombically distorted. For x ≥ 0.85 the x-ray powder patterns of the solid solutions looked like the one of CaTa2O6(orh.) and no TTB-structure was observed at 1300°C.
    Notes: Von SrTa2O6 wurde eine neue, mit orthorhombischem CaTa2O6 strukturverwandte Tieftemperatur-Modifikation erhalten. SrTa2O6(orh.) ließ sich bei Temperaturen unter 1150°C sowohl aus der bisher bekannten, den tetragonalen Wolframbronzen verwandten Modifikation SrTa2O6(TWB) in Gegenwart eines Transportmittels (Chlor) bzw. eines Mineralisators (B2O3-Schmelze), wie auch durch Umsetzen von Gemengen (1:1) aus SrCO3 oder Sr(NO3)2 und Ta2O5 in geschlossenen Quarzglasampullen erhalten. Auch als Zwischenprodukt der Umsetzung entsprechender 1:2-Gemenge bei Temperaturen unter 900°C (z. B. 840°C) tritt diese Modifikation auf. Die Gitterkonstanten von SrTa2O6(orh.) sind aufgrund von Pulverdaten: a = 11,006 Å, b = 7,638 Å, c = 5,622 Å. Beim Erhitzen auf etwa 1 220°C (an der Luft) wandelt sich SrTa2O6(orh.) in SrTa2O6(TWB) um. Eine Rückumwandlung von SrTa2O6(TWB) in SrTa2O6(orh.) ohne Mineralisator- oder Transportmittelzusatz war nicht zu erreichen. Mischkristalle CaxSr1-xTa2O6 der Tieftemperaturform ließen sich nicht sicher nachweisen. Die bei Mischkristallen mit 0,05 〈 x ≤ 0,20 (1300°C) vorliegende TWB-Struktur ist orthorhombisch verzerrt. CaTa2O6(orh.) zeigte dagegen ab x ≥ 0,85 (1300°C) keine Entmischung.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845110418
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    Darstellung, Isolierung und Charakterisierung gemischter Thiocyanato(1,3-diaminopropan)chrom(III)-Komplexe (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 509 (1984), S. 167-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation, Isolation, and Characterization of Mixed Thiocyanato(1.3-diaminopropane) -chromium(III) ComplexesThe complexes [Cr(NCS)4dap]- and trans-[Cr(NCS)2(dap)2]+ (dap = 1.3-diaminopropane) are prepared for the first time, isolated as salts and characterized by CHN analysis, chromium contents, the electrophoretic behaviour in dimethylformamide, and by UV, VIS, and IR spectra.
    Notes: Die Komplexe [Cr(NCS)4dap]- und trans-[Cr(NCS)2(dap)2]+ (dap = 1,3-Diaminopropan) werden erstmals dargestellt, als Salze isoliert und durch CHN-Analyse, Chrombestimmung, elektrophoretisches Verhalten in Dimethylformamid sowie Spektren im UV, VIS und IR charakterisiert.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845090218
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  • 156
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    Sulphur-Nitrogen Chelating Agents. IV. Some Solid State Copper(II) Complexes of Thia-aminopyridines An I.R. and Reflectance Spectral Analysis (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 509 (1984), S. 201-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Schwefel-Stickstoff-Chelatbildner. IV. Einige Kupfer(II)-Komplexe von Thioaminopyridinen. IR- und ReflexionsspektroskopieEine Reihe von CuII-Komplexen sind dargestellt und charakterisiert worden. Die angenommenen Strukturen beruhen auf ihren IR -und VIS-Spektren. Die Thioaminopyridine können in verschiedener Weise koordiniert sein. Im Gegensatz zu unseren Befunden an aliphatischen Thioaminen ergab sich kein Zusammenhang zwischen der Struktur der CuLX2-Verbindungen und der Art des X--Anions. Ein Hinweis auf die Struktur der CuL2+-Komplexe in wäßriger Lösung kann aus festem CuLX2 nicht erhalten werden.
    Notes: A series of solid state CuII complexes with thia-aminopyridines . S(CH2)mNH2 have been prepared and characterized. The postulated structures of these CuLX2 (X = OAc-, NO3-, ClO4- or Cl-) compounds were based on their I.R. and electronic spectra. It was found that the thiaaminopyridines may coordinate in quite different ways. In contrast with what was found for the aliphatic thiadiamines, no relation was stated between the structure of the CuLX2 compounds and the nature of the X- anion.Moreover the solid state compounds do not give a clear indication for the structure of the CuL2+ species in aqueous solution.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845090222
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  • 157
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    Thermochemical Properties and Vapor Growth of Hg1-xCdx Te on CdTe (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 510 (1984), S. 199-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Thermochemische Eigenschaften und Aufwachsen von Hg1-xCdxTe auf CdTeNach thermodynamischen Rechnungen enthält die Gasphase des epitaktischen Hg1-xCdxTe - HgI2 - CdTe Systems vorwiegend Hg(g) und HgI2(g) durch die andere Moleküle vom Ausgangsstoff zum CdTe Substrat wandern. Transportversuche im Temperaturgradienten 590° → 535°C zeigten, daß man dünne Schichten von Hg1-xCdxTe auf CdTe von einem ternären Ausgangsmaterial in Gegenwart von HgI2 erhält.
    Notes: Based on a thermodynamic analysis, the vapor phase of the Hg1-xCdxTe - HgI2 - CdTe epitaxy system consists predominantly of Hg(g) and HgI2(g) through which nutrient species migrate from the source to the CdTe substrate. Growth experiments in the 590° → 535°C temperature gradient showed that Hg1-xCdxTe layers can be grown on CdTe substrates using a preannealed, ternary source material in the presence of HgI2.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845100328
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    Chemischer Transport der Nickelsulfide und einige Zusammenhänge beim Transport komplexer Bodenkörper am Beispiel der Sulfide von Fe, Co, NiProfessor Hans Albert Lehmann zum 65. Geburtstage am 1. Mai 1984 gewidmet (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 511 (1984), S. 19-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Chemical Transport Reactions of Ni-Sulfides and Some Relationships in C.T.R. of Complex Solids in the Case of Sulfides of Fe, Co, NiCrystals of α-Ni3S2, NiS, and NiS2 as well as solid solutions Fe1-yNiySx were grown by C.T.R. The coexistence equilibrium pressure of the solution equilibrium pressure p(S2), the activity of the metal component, the stability of gaseous metal halides concerning decomposition as well as their stability related on the transport agent have to be taken into account to choose a suitable transport agent, which have a sometimes opposite influence on the transport behaviour. Halogenes, hydrogen halides, and GeI2 were used as transport medium.
    Notes: Durch chemische Transportreaktionen wurden Kristalle der Phasen α-Ni3S2, NiS und NiS2 sowie Mischkristalle Fe1-yNiySx erhalten. Bei der Auswahl des Transportmittels sind der Koexistenzzersetzungsdruck bzw. Löslichkeitsdruck p(S2) und die Metallaktivität im Bodenkörper, die Stabilität der gasförmigen Metallhalogenide bezüglich Zerfall und ihre Stabilität relativ zum Transportmittel zu beachten, die z. T. gegenläufigen Einfluß haben. Geeignete Transportmittel sind Halogene, Halogenwasserstoffe und GeI2.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845110403
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    Zum chemischen Transport von Zinkoxid und zur Bestimmung seiner PhasenbreiteProfessor Hans-Albert Lehmann zum 65. Geburtstage am 1. Mai 1984 gewidmet (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 511 (1984), S. 57-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Chemical Transport of Zinc Oxide and the Estimation of its Phase WidthThe chemical transport behaviour of zinc oxide using different transport agents and the influence of the transport conditions (T, ΔT, p) on transport rate and deposition form was studied. The range of homogeneity of ZnO is very narrow. The best agents for deposition of ZnO with the upper phase boundary are Cl2 and Br2, for the deposition of the lower phase boundary HBr and NH4Br are more suitable. The deviation from stoichiometry depends on the deposition temperature and amounts to 10 till 250 ppm in the range of 1073 up to 1373 K.
    Notes: Das chemische Transportverhalten von Zinkoxid mit Cl2, Br2, HCl, HBr, NH4Cl und NH4Br und der Einfluß der Transportbedingungen (T, ΔT, p) auf die Abscheidungsgeschwindigkeit und Abscheidungsform wurde studiert. ZnO weist ein sehr schmales Homogenitätsgebiet auf. Zur Abscheidung von ZnO der oberen Phasengrenzzusammensetzung sind Cl2 und Br2 am besten geeignet. Für die Abscheidung von ZnO der unteren Phasengrenzzusammensetzung sind am besten HBr und NH4Br geeignet. Die Abweichung von der Stöchiometrie hängt von der Präparationstemperatur der Kristalle ab und liegt zwischen 10 und 250 ppm im Temperaturbereich 1073 bis 1373 K.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845110407
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    Beiträge zur Chemie der Alkylverbindungen von Übergangsmetallen. XXXVIII. Reaktion von Dibenzylmangan mit Sauerstoff (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 511 (1984), S. 89-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Contributions to the Chemistry of Transition Metal Alkyl Compounds. XXXVIII. Reactions of Dibenzyl Manganese with Oxygene(C6H5CH2)2Mn · C4H8O2 reacts with oxygen forming an unstable deep violet compound which changes in a stable unsoluble yellow peroxide of the formula C6H5CH2MnO—OMnCH2C6 H5. With excess oxygen a polynuclear complex of 3 valent manganese is formed with the composition Mn4O4(OH)4(OCHC6H5)2.The compounds isolated were characterized by the products of hydrolyses and thermolyses, anaerobic reaction with iodine, magnetic moments, i.r. and e.s.r. spectra.
    Notes: Dibenzylmangan-1,4-dioxan reagiert mit Sauerstoff zu einer tiefvioletten instabilen Substanz. Diese wandelt sich in ein stabiles gelbes, schwerlösliches Peroxid der Formel C6H5CH2MnO—OMnCH2C6H5 um. Mit überschüssigem Sauerstoff entsteht daraus ein Mehrkernkomplex des 3wertigen Mangans der Zusammensetzung Mn4O4(OH)4(OCHC6H5)2.Die isolierten Verbindungen wurden durch ihre Hydrolyse- und Thermolyseprodukte, anaerobe Iodierung, magnetischen Momente sowie IR- und ESR-Spektren näher charakterisiert.
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    Masthead (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 508 (1984) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845080101
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  • 162
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    Darstellung und Struktur von Antimon(III)-tris(thiophosphinaten) (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 508 (1984), S. 19-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation and Structure of Antimony (III) Tris (thiophosphinates)The title compounds are formed by the reaction of Sb(CH3COO)3 with thiophosphinic acids R2P(=S)OH (R = CH3 cyclo-C6H11, C6H5). The crystal and molecular structures of Sb((cyclo-C6H11)2POS)3 and Sb((C6H5)2POS)3 have been determined by single crystal X-ray methods. SbIII is pyramidally coordinated to the oxygen atoms of the R2POS ligands through short (primary) bonds with a mean length of 203 pm. The Sb—S distances of the mainly chelating ligands vary between 300 and 320 pm (secondary bonds). The lone electron pair is stereochemically active.
    Notes: Die Umsetzung von Sb(CH3COO)3 mit Thiophosphinsäuren R2P(=S)OH (R = CH3, cyclo-C6H11, C6H5) führt zu Verbindungen der Formel Sb(R2POS)3. Die Strukturen der Verbindungen mit R = cyclo-C6H11 und C6H5 wurden an Einkristallen röntgenographisch bestimmt. SbIII ist über kurze (primäre) Bindungen mit der mittleren Länge von 203 pm pyramidal an die Sauerstoffatome der R2POS-Liganden gebunden. Die Sb—S-Abstände (sekundäre Bindungen) sind ungefähr 320 pm lang. Das freie Elektronenpaar ist stereochemisch aktiv.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845080104
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  • 163
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    Schwingungs- und massenspektroskopische Untersuchungen an α,ω-Dihydrochlorsilanen H(SiCl2)nH mit n = 3-7 (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 508 (1984), S. 43-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: I.R. and Mass Spectroscopic Investigations on α,ω-Dihydrochloro Silanes H(SiCl2)nH with n = 3-7Mass spectra of α,ω-dihydrochlorosilanes H(SiCl2)nH were analyzed respecting to their fragmentation. This shows, that the cleavage starts with the break of SiSi bonds, by preference in the middle of the chain. This is in accordance to the results of IR spectra which show very similar frequencies like perchlorooligo silanes. Thus, the lowest force constants of SiSi bondings in α,ω-dihydrochloro silanes, can be also expected in the middle of the chain.
    Notes: Die Massenspektren der α,ω-Dihydrochlorsilane H(SiCl2)nH mit n = 3-7 werden bezüglich ihrer Fragmentierung analysiert. Es zeigt sich, daß die Spaltung mit einem Zerbrechen der SiSi-Bindung, vorzugsweise in der Mitte der Kette beginnt. Dies steht im Einklang mit den Ergebnissen der IR-Spektren, die sehr ähnliche Frequenzen zeigen, wie bei den Perchlorsilanen gefunden. Daraus kann geschlossen werden, daß auch bei den α,ω-Dihydrochlorsilanen die mittleren SiSi-Bindungen die kleinsten Kraftkonstanten zeigen.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845080107
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  • 164
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    Röntgenographische Phasenbestimmungen zur thermischen Dissoziation und das Hydrolyseverhalten von Alkalihexafluorogermanaten bei höheren TemperaturenProfessor Günther Rienäcker zum 80. Geburtstage am 13. Mai 1984 gewidmet (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 512 (1984), S. 48-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Phase Determinations by X-rays on the Thermal Dissociation and the Hydrolysis of Alkali Hexafluorogermanates at Higher TemperaturesFor a better understanding of the thermal dissociation of alcaline hexafluorosilicates investigations have been done on hexafluorogermanates. In these systems the formation of new phases has been studied by x-rays in dependence of temperature. Thermal behaviour of the substances strongly depends on the starting structure. Phase transformations taking place at lower temperatures are strongly determine the reaction at higher temperature. Therefore, we found differences to the analogous thermal reactions of hexafluorosilicates.There is a high sensitivity to hydrolysis of hexafluorogermanates above 600°C. We discuss the difference in reaction of thin powder layers and of powder samples in the volume.
    Notes: Zum besseren Verständnis des thermischen Verhaltens von Alkalihexafluorosilicaten wurden Vergleiche mit analogen Germanium-Verbindungen angestellt. Die Phasenneubildung wurde als Funktion der Temperatur röntgenographisch untersucht. Es ergab sich eine starke Abhängigkeit des thermischen Verhaltens von der Ausgangsstruktur. Phasentransformationen, die bei niederen Temperaturen ablaufen, beeinflussen bei höherer Temperatur das Reaktionsgeschehen (thermische Vorgeschichte der Substanz). Deshalb resultieren gegenüber den Hexafluorosilicaten differierende Reaktionsabläufe. Durch Heizguinieraufnahmen unter getrocknetem, strömendem Inertgas wurde die enorme Hydrolysenempfindlichkeit der Hexafluorogermanate oberhalb 600°C bewiesen.Das unterschiedliche Verhalten von dünnen Pulverschichten und kompakten Pulverproben wird diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845120507
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    Bildung siliciumorganischer Verbindungen. 99. Zur Trennung von Carbosilan- und Silylphosphan-Gemischen mit Hilfe der HochdruckflüssigkeitschromatographieProfessor Günther Rienäcker zum 80. Geburtstage am 13. Mai 1984 gewidmet (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 512 (1984), S. 93-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Formation of Organosilicon Compounds. 99. Separation of Carbosilane and Silylphosphane Mixtures by Means of HPLCTest mixtures of Si-methylated carbosilanes were separated by means of reversedphase HPLC (nucleosil 5-C18; CH3OH:hexane = 90:10). The corresponding SiCl-containing mixtures were successfully separated only after reductin of the SiCl groups by means of LiAlH4 (CH3OH: C6H6 + H2O = 92.5:7.5 + 4 - 8%). A model separation of the silylphosphanes Me3SiPH2, (Me3Si)2PH and (Me3Si)3P using the same material but acetonitrile: toluene = 85:15 is also reported.
    Notes: Testgemische Si-methylierter Carbosilane werden mit reversed-phase HPLC getrennt (Nucleosil 5-C18; CH3OH:Hexan = 90:10). Die Auftrennung entsprechender SiCl-haltiger Verbindungen gelingt nach Reduktion der SiCl-Gruppen mit LiAlH4 (CH3OH: C6H6 + H2O = 92,5: 7,5 + 4 - 8%). Über die Modelltrennung der Silylphosphane Me3SiPH2, ((Me3Si)2)2PH und (Me3Si)3P unter Verwendung des gleichen Säulenmaterials, jedoch mit dem Eluens Acetonitril: Toluol = 85:15, wird ebenfalls berichtet.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845120513
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  • 166
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    Zur Reaktivität von intramolekular basenstabilisierten Zinn(II)-Verbindungen mit Halogenen, Zinntetrachlorid und Chloroform (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 512 (1984), S. 177-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactivity of Intramolecular Basestabilized Tin(II) Compounds with Halogens, Tin Tetrachloride, and TrichloromethaneIntramolecular basestabilized tin(II) compounds of the type RN(CH2CH2Y)2Sn (Y = O, S and R = Me, t-Bu) react with halogens, tin tetrachloride, and trichloromethan at room temperature by oxydative addition reaction to tin(IV) derivatives. These compounds are characterized by n.m.r. investigations and by Mössbauer studies.
    Notes: Intramolekular basenstabilisierte Zinn(II)-Verbindungen des Typs RN(CH2CH2Y)2Sn (Y = O, S und R = Me, t-Bu) reagieren bei Raumtemperatur mit Halogenen, Zinntetrachlorid und Chloroform im Sinne von oxydativen Additionsreaktionen zu Zinn(IV)-Derivaten. Diese Derivate werden durch NMR-Untersuchungen und durch Mößbauerstudien charakterisiert.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845120519
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  • 167
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    Über Chalkogenolate. 137. Isothiocyano-, Isothiocyanomonothio- und Isothiocyanodithio- ameisensäurealkylester (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 512 (1984), S. 231-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On Chalcogenolates. 137. Alkyl Esters of Isothiocyanoformic, Isothiocyanomonothioformic and Isothiocyanodithioformic AcidsThe esters RO—CO—NCS, where R = CH3, C2H5, as well as RS—CO—NCS and RS—CS—NCS with R = C2H5, nC3H7 have been prepared by three different methods. The reaction between the corresponding chloro compound and KSCN in the presence of the phase transfer catalyst 18-crown-6 gives the highest yields.The electron absorption, infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectra of these compounds are reported.
    Notes: Die Ester RO—CO—NCS mit R = CH3, C2H5 sowie RS—CO—NCS und RS—CS—NCS mit R = C2H5, nC3H7 wurden nach drei verschiedenen Verfahren hergestellt, wobei die Umsetzung der entsprechenden Chloroverbindung mit KSCN in Gegenwart des Phasentransferkatalysators 18-Krone-6 die besten Ausbeuten erbringt.Die Elektronenabsorptions-, Infrarot-, kernmagnetische Resonanz- und Massenspektren der Verbindungen werden mitgeteilt.
    Additional Material: 8 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845120524
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  • 168
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    Komplexbildung und Extraktion von Molybdän(VI) mit zweizähnigen Liganden (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 508 (1984), S. 191-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Coordination and Extraction of Molybdenum(VI) with Bidentate LigandsA series of bidentate ligands as well as their thio derivatives from the groups of 8-quinolinols, β-diketones, acylpyrazolones, and N-acyl-phenylhydroxylamines was studied for the ability to extract molybdenum(VI) from heptamolybdate. The extraction principally runs only in acidic medium, sulfur-containing extractants having no advantage. The composition of the complexes was determined by the isolation of compounds in the solid state and also by the interpretation of distribution data.
    Notes: Eine Reihe zweizähniger Liganden sowie entsprechende Thioderivate aus den Gruppen der 8-Hydroxychinoline, β-Diketone, Acylpyrazolone und N-Acyl-phenylhydroxylamine wurde auf ihr Extraktionsvermögen für Molybdän aus Heptamolybdat geprüft. Die Extraktion ist grundsätzlich nur im sauren Bereich möglich, schwefelhaltige Extraktionsmittel bringen keine Vorteile. Die Komplexzusammensetzung wurde durch Isolierung von Komplexen in Substanz und durch Auswertung der Verteilungsdaten ermittelt.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845080127
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    Beiträge zur Chemie der Silicium-Schwefel-Verbindungen. XXIX. 29Si-NMR-Untersuchungen (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 508 (1984), S. 201-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Contributions to the Chemistry of Silicon-Sulphur Compounds. XXIX. 29Si-N.M.R. InvestigationsThree series of silicon-sulphur compounds (RO)3SiSR′ (I), (i-PrO)4-nSi(SEt)n (II) and cyclic Si—S compounds (III) were prepared, some of them at the first time and their 29Si-N.M.R. spectra were measured. In the series of trialkoxysilylthio derivatives (I) were the steric and inductive effects of the RO and R'S groups evaluated. In the series II were the 29Si-N.M.R. chemical shifts related to the relative paramagnetic screening constants σ* and netto charge at the silicon atom q(Si) using the EN-quantum-chemical model discussed. In the series III were the shift contribution of the (SiS)2 and 1-sila-2,5-dithiacyclopentan rings determined.
    Notes: Drei Reihen von Silicium-Schwefel-Verbindungen: (RO)3SiSR'(I), (i-PrO)4-nSi(SEt)n (II) und cyclische Si—S-Verbindungen (III) wurden dargestellt, davon einige erstmalig, und ihre 29Si-NMR-Spektren vermessen. In der Reihe der Trialkoxysilylthio-Derivate (I) wurden die sterischen und induktiven Wirkungen der RO- und R'S-Gruppen abgeschätzt. In der Reihe II wurden die 29Si-NMR-chemischen Verschiebungen in Abhängigkeit von den relativen paramagnetischen Abschirmungskonstanten σ* und der Nettoladung am Silicium q(Si) im Rahmen des EN-quantenchemischen Modells diskutiert. In der Reihe III wurden die Beiträge des (SiS)2-und 1-sila-2,5-dithia-cyclopentan-Rings zur chemischen Verschiebung ermittelt.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845080129
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    Über Chalkogenolate. 134. Untersuchungen über Ester von Halogenoameisensäuren 2. Darstellung und Eigenschaften von Se-Alkylestern der Chloromonothiomonoselenoameisensäure [1] (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 509 (1984), S. 61-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On Chalcogenolates. 134. Studies on Esters of Haloformic Acids 2. Synthesis and Properties of Se-Alkyl Esters of Chloromonothiomonoselenoformic AcidThe hitherto unknown esters RSe—CS—Cl with R = C2H5 and nC3H7 have been prepared by reaction of thiophosgene with the corresponding alkane selenol. The compounds have been characterized with electron absorption, nuclear magnetic resonance (1H, 13C, and 77Se), infrared, and mass spectra.
    Notes: Die bisher nicht bekannten Ester RSe—CS—Cl mit R = C2H5 und nC3H7 wurden durch Umsetzung von Thiophosgen mit dem entsprechenden Alkanselenol hergestellt. Die Verbindungen wurden mit Elektronenabsorptions-, 1H-, 13C- und 77Se-NMR-, Infrarot- und Massenspektren charakterisiert.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845090206
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  • 171
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    Beiträge zur Chemie des Siliciums und Germaniums. XXXIV. Ein weiterer Beitrag zur Darstellung von Kaliumsilyl (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 509 (1984), S. 95-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Contributions to the Chemistry of Silicon and Germanium. XXXIV. A Further Contribution to the Preparation of Potassium SilylThe reaction time for the preparation of potassium silyl from monosilane in glyme is abridged considerably by the use of dispersed Na/K alloy. The preparation is simplyfied by the use of pure dispersed potassium instead of the dispersed alloy. In this case a further abridgement of the reaction time is observed and the filtration of the residue after the end of the reaction is easier because there is no sodium in the residue. Crystalline potassium silyl, free of potassium hydride and glyme, is obtained by recrystallisation followed by slow crystallisation from a glyme/benzene mixture. During a storage of 30 month the crystals turned out to be stable.
    Notes: Die Reaktionszeit für die Darstellung von Kaliumsilyl aus Monosilan in Monoglyme verkürzt sich bei Verwendung von dispergierter Na/K-Legierung erheblich. Die Darstellung vereinfacht sich, wenn statt der dispergierten Na/K-Legierung reines dispergiertes Kalium eingesetzt wird. Hierbei wird eine weitere Verkürzung der Reaktionszeit festgestellt, und die Filtration des Rückstandes nach Ende der Reaktion ist durch das Fehlen des Natriums einfacher. Kaliumsilylkristalle, in denen weder Kaliumhydrid noch Monoglyme nachweisbar sind, werden durch Umkristallisieren und nachfolgende langsame Kristallisation aus einem Monoglyme/Benzol-Gemisch erhalten. Die Kristalle erwiesen sich bei einer 30monatigen Lagerung als stabil.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845090210
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  • 172
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    Über Oxothorate der Alkalimetalle. Zur Kenntnis von K3NaTh2O6 (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 509 (1984), S. 127-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On Oxothorates of the Alkaline Metals: K3NaTh2O6For a first time single crystals of a (in addition: new) oxothorate were prepared starting with the binary oxides [1 200°C, 4d, then 1 300°C, 5d, Ni-bomb; powder: 650°C, 10d, Ag-bomb]. The colourless, transparent single crystals are monoclinic, C2/c, a = 629.64 pm, b = 1 089.93 pm, c = 1 259.75 pm, β = 99.66°, z = 4, Dx = 5.458 g cm-3 and Dpyc = 5.456 gcm-3. It is an ordered variant of the NaCl-type; MoKα, fourcircle diffractometer data (PW 1100), R = 7.67 and Rw = 7.35% for 1 083 of 1 236 I0 (hkl). The Madelung Part of Lattice Energy, MAPLE, is calculated and discussed.
    Notes: Erstmals wurden Einkristalle eines zudem neuen Oxothorates, K3NaTh2O6, aus den binären Komponenten dargestellt [1 200°C, 4d, dann 1 300°C, 5d, Ni-Bömbchen; Pulver analog: 650°C, 10d, Ag-Bömbchen]. Die farblosen, durchsichtigen Einkristalle kristallisieren monoklin, C2/c, a = 629,64 pm, b = 1 089,93 pm, c = 1 259,75 pm, β = 99,66°, Z = 4, drö = 5,458 g cm-3 und dpyk = 5,456 g cm-3. Es liegt eine geordnete NaCl-Variante vor; MoKα, Vierkreisdiffraktometerdaten (PW 1100), R = 7,67 und Rw = 7,35% für 1 083 von 1 236 I0(hkl). Der Madelunganteil der Gitterenergie, MAPLE, wird berechnet und diskutiert.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845090213
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    Nitrat-, Thiosulfat-, Sulfat- und Sulfid-Cancrinit (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 509 (1984), S. 153-160 
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    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Nitrate-, Thiosulphate-, Sulphate-, and Sulphide Cancrinite1For the synthesis of the compounds to a solution of sodium aluminate there is added in excess sodium nitrate, or sodium thiosulphate, or sodium sulphite, or sodium sulphide. After heating a solution of sodium silicate is added, and the suspension is hold at 110°C for a long time, the precipatite is filtered, washed, and dried.2The white compounds are characterized in composition and crystal structure by chemical and X-ray analysis and densities.3The unimolecular hexagonal cell of the compounds has the cancrinite structure (lattice constants and densities see „Inhaltsübersicht“).4By heating of thiosulphate cancrinite at 1 000°C in air there is produced a nice deep blue coloured pigment.
    Notes: 1Zur Darstellung der Verbindungen wird zu einer Natriumaluminatlösung Natriumnitrat oder Natriumthiosulfat oder Natriumsulfat oder Natriumsulfid bei Zimmer-temperatur im Überschuß gegeben. Nach Aufheizen wird eine Wasserglaslösung zugetropft, die Suspension längere Zeit bei 110°C gehalten, der Niederschlag abfiltriert, gewaschen und getrocknet.2Die weißen Verbindungen werden in Zusammensetzung und Kristallstruktur durch chemische und röntgenographische Analyse sowie Dichten charakterisiert.3Mit 1 Molekel/Zelle kristallisieren die Verbindungen im hexagonalen Cancrinitgitter mit den Konstanten und Dichten: TextVerbindungGitterkonstanten in ÅDichten in g/ml a0c0RöntgenPyknometerNa8[Al6Si6O24](NO3)2 · 4 H0O12,68 ± 0,025,18 ± 0,012,522,30Na8[Al6Si6O24](S2O3) · 3 H2O12,73 ± 0,025,02 ± 0,032,512,28Na8[Al6Si6O24](SO4) · 3 H2O12,674 ± 0,0045,173 ± 0,0032,422,37Na8[Al6Si6O24](S) · 4 H2O12,669 ± 0,0075,187 ± 0,0032,312,244Durch Glühen des Thiosulfat-Cancrinits bei 1 000°C an Luft erhält man ein schönes tiefblaues Pigment.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845090216
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    Masthead (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 510 (1984) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845100301
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    Benzylnickel(II)-Komplexe und ihre Reaktionen (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 510 (1984), S. 11-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Benzyl Nickel(II) Complexes and their ReactionsBy the oxydative addition of p-substituted benzyl chlorides to (Ph3P)2Ni(C2H4) at -20°C the violet nickel(II) complexes (Ph3P)2Ni(p-CH2C6H4R)Cl (R = CN, COOH, CH3, Cl) are, formed. In water containing solutions the carbonic acid (Ph3P)2Ni(p-CH2C6H4COOH)Cl is rearranged to the corresponding p-methylbenzoate.With carbon dioxide the complexes (Ph3P)2Ni(p—CH2C6H4R)Cl react like Grignard compounds. Diphenyl ethine and butadien-1,3 are inserted in the Ni - C bond at room temperature. Substituted nickel-σ-vinyl or π-allyl complexes are obtained. The reactivity of the nickel-σ-benzyl compounds is compared with that of other nickel(II)-alkyl compounds.
    Notes: Die oxydative Addition von p-substituierten Benzylchloriden an (Ph3P)2—Ni(C2H4) bei -20°C ergibt die violetten Nickel(II)-Komplexe (Ph3P)2Ni(p—CH2C6H4R)Cl (R = CN, COOH, CH3, Cl). Die Carbonsäure (Ph3P)2Ni(p—CH2C6H4COOH)Cl lagert sich in Gegenwart von Wasser in das entsprechende p-Methylbenzoat ein.Die Verbindungen des Typs (Ph3P)2Ni(p—CH2C6H4R)Cl reagieren mit Kohlendioxid grignardanalog. Diphenylethin und Butadien-1,3 werden bei normaler Temperatur in die Ni - C-Bindung eingeschoben. Dabei entstehen substituierte Nickel-σ-vinyl- bzw. π-allyl-Komplexe. Das Reaktionsverhalten der Nickel-σ-benzylverbindungen wird mit dem anderer Nickel(II)-alkylverbindungen verglichen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845100303
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    Preparation and Crystal Structure of La3ReO8 (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 510 (1984), S. 46-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Darstellung und Kristallstrukturbestimmung von La3ReO8La3ReO8 wurde bei 1425°C dargestellt, die Strukturbestimmung ergab abweichende Resultate von einer Darstellung, die bei 900°C erfolgte (BAUD u. Mitarb. 1979). Die Hochtemperaturmodifikation kristallisiert in der monoklinen Raumgruppe P21/m mit a = 7,757(1), b = 7,777(1), c = 5,928(1) Å, γ = 111,1°, Z = 2. Die Struktur wurde durch Patterson und Fouriersynthesen gelöst und bis R(F) = 0,073 verfeinert. Die Struktur besteht aus isolierten, verzerrten ReO6-Oktaedern und Doppelketten von kantenverknüpften La4O-Tetraedern.
    Notes: The crystal structure of La3ReO8, prepared at 1425°C, is reported to be different from a previous result on a preparation at 900°C (BAUD et al., 1979). The high temperature modification crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/m with a = 7.757(1), b = 7.777(1), c = 5.928(1) Å, γ = 111.1°, Z = 2. The structure was solved by Patterson and Fourier methods from single crystal diffractometer data and refined to final R(F) = 0,073. The structure consists of isolated, distorted ReO6 octahedra and double chains of edge-shared La4O tetrahedra.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845100308
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  • 177
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    Resonanzramanspektrum und Struktur von matrixisoliertem Te3 (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 510 (1984), S. 72-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Resonance Raman Spectrum and Structure of Matrixisolated Te3By condensing a mixture of 76% Te atoms and 24% Te2 molecules in a nitrogen matrix at 15 K followed by annealing to nearly 25 K we obtained Te3 molecules by a matrix reaction. The resonance Raman spectrum of Te3 contains 8 overtones of the symmetric stretching vibration. The following values for ω1 and x11 have been calculated for the isotopically pure species 126Te3: ω1 = 206.33 ± 0.15 cm-1; x11 = 0.24 ± 0.03 cm-1 and 130Te3: ω1 = 203.1 ± 0.2 cm-1; x11 = 0.22 ± 0.05 cm-1. Using a 1:1 ratio of 126Te and 130Te in the synthesis of Te3 the band shape of the envelopes of the superimposed spectra of all possible Te3 species could only be explained assuming a bent structure (120° ± 10°). The value of the force constant fr + frr of 210 ± 10 Nm-1 reflects multiple bonding in this molecule. The proposed structure also agrees with thermodynamical considerations.
    Notes: Wird eine Gasmischung aus 76% Te-Atomen und 24% Te2-Molekeln mit einem Überschuß Stickstoff bei 15 K abgeschreckt und anschließend kurz auf 25 K erwärmt, so entstehen durch eine Matrixreaktion Te3-Molekeln. Im Resonanzramanspektrum dieser Spezies werden 8 Obertöne der symmetrischen Streckschwingung beobachtet. Für zwei verschiedene Te-Isotope erhält man folgende Werte für ω1 und x11: 126Te3: 206,33 ± 0,15 cm-1, 0,24 ± 0,03 cm-1; 130Te3: 203,1 ± 0,20 cm-1, 0,22 ± 0,05 cm-1. Die Verwendung von Proben, die je 50% der beiden Isotopen enthalten führt zu einem Bandenmuster, bei dem die Intensität der einzelnen Banden und ihre Frequenzverschiebung für eine gewinkeltes Te3-Molekel sprechen (120° ± 10°). Der Wert der Kraftkonstante fr + frr von 210 ± 10 Nm-1 zeigt Mehrfachbindungsanteile an. Eine thermodynamische Betrachtung liefert zusätzliche Anhaltspunkte für eine offene (nicht ringförmige) Struktur vom Te3.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845100311
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  • 178
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    Trialkylbismutine als Liganden in Carbonylkomplexen des Eisens und der VIa-Elemente (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 510 (1984), S. 104-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Trialkylbismutines as Ligands in Carbonyl Complexes of Iron and Group VIa ElementsThe complexes (CO)4FeBiR3 (R = Et, Pr, Bu) are synthesized by reaction of Fe2(CO)9 and the corresponding bismutines. Complexes of the type Bu3BiM(CO)5 (M = Cr, Mo, W) are formed by irradiation of the hexacarbonyls of group VIa elements in tetrahydrofuran and subsequent addition of Bu3Bi. The novel compounds are obtained in 40 - 90% yield. They are stable in an inert atmosphere above 25°C. Their 1H-n. m. r., i. r., and m. s. data are discussed.
    Notes: Die Komplexe (CO)4FeBiR3 (R = Et, Pr, Bu) werden durch Umsetzung von Fe2(CO)9 mit den entsprechenden Bismutinen synthetisiert. Komplexe des Typs Bu3BiM(CO)5 (M = Cr, Mo, W) entstehen durch Bestrahlung der Hexacarbonyle der VIa-Elemente in Tetrahydrofuran und nachfolgende Umsetzung mit Bu3Bi. Die neuen Verbindungen werden in 40 - 90% Ausbeute erhalten. Sie sind bei Luftausschluß auch oberhalb von 25°C stabil. Ihre 1H-NMR-, IR- und EI-MS-Daten werden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845100315
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  • 179
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    Die Kristallstruktur von Ag2Ge2O5: Eine neuartige Gerüststruktur von Ge2O52- (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 510 (1984), S. 143-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Crystal Structure of Ag2Ge2O5: A New Ge2O52- Network StructureAg2Ge2O5 was prepared from the binary oxides at high O2 pressures. Single crystal X-ray diffraction work indicated monoclinic symmetry (P21/c; a = 1101.3(2); b = 1006.3(1); c = 1221.9(3) pm; ß = 94.6(1)°). The structure was determined by direct methods (3372 independent structure factors) and refined to a conventional R value of 0.084. A new Ge2O52- network structure was found with germanium coordinated octahedrally (­d(Ge - O) = 188,7 pm) and tetrahedrally (­d(Ge - O) = 175,9 pm), in equal proportions, by oxygen. The polyhedra share vertices and edges, thus forming a three dimensional channel system, which is occupied by Ag+ ions. The shortest Ag - Ag distance of 284 pm, like the pale yellow colour of the compound, indicates Ag+ - Ag+ interaction.
    Notes: Durch Sauerstoffhochdrucksynthese wurde Ag2Ge2O5 aus den binären Komponenten dargestellt. Nach Einkristalluntersuchungen liegt monokline Symmetrie vor (P21/c; a = 1101,3(2); b = 1006,3(1); c = 1221,9(3) pm; ß = 94,6°(1); Z = 12). Die Struktur wurde mittels direkter Methoden (Ag-Positionen) und Fourier-Synthesen gelöst (3372 unabhängige Strukturfaktoren); der R-Wert konvergierte bei 8,4%. Das Anion Ge2O52- bildet eine neuartige Raumnetzstruktur, wobei die Germaniumatome jeweils zur Hälfte oktaedrisch [­d(Ge - O) = 188,7 pm] und tetraedrisch [­d(Ge - O) = 175,9 pm] von Sauerstoff koordiniert sind. Die Polyeder sind in der Weise über gemeinsame Ecken und Kanten verknüpft, daß dreidimensional vernetzte, kanalartige Hohlräume entstehen, die von den Gegenkationen (Ag+) ausgefüllt werden. Der kürzeste Ag - Ag-Abstand beträgt 284 pm und gibt, wie die blaßgelbe Eigenfarbe der Substanz, einen Hinweis auf bindende Ag+ - Ag+-Wechselwirkungen.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845100320
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  • 180
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    Synthese von Bis- und Tris(trimethylsilyl)methyl-aminofluorsilanen (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 510 (1984), S. 175-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis of Bis- and Tris(trimethylsilyl)-methyl-aminofluorosilanesLithium-tris(trimethylsilyl)methane reacts with fluoro-silanes to give (Me3Si)3C - SiF2R (1 - 3, R = F, C6H5, CMe3). 1 and 2 react with lithiated amines to aminofluorosilanes 4 a, 5 a, 6 a, and with a 1, 3-migration of a silyl group to the structure isomeric trimethylsilylaminofluorsilanes 4 b, 5 b, 6 b, 7, 8. The disubstituted NH-compound 9 is obtained in the reaction of 1 with LiNH2.
    Notes: Lithium-tris(trimethylsilyl)-methan reagiert mit Fluorsilanen unter Substitution zu (Me3Si)3CSiF2R (1 - 3, R = F, C6H5, CMe3). Mit lithiierten Aminen reagieren 1 und 2 zu den Aminofluorsilanen 4a, 5a, 6a, und unter 1, 3-Silylgruppenwanderung zu den strukturisomeren Trimethylsilylaminofluorsilanen 4 b, 5 b, 6 b, 7, 8. In der Reaktion von 1 mit LiNH2 wird die disubstituierte NH-Verbindung 9 erhalten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845100324
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    Das Tris-trimethylsilyl-tert.butyl-cyclotetraphosphan (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 514 (1984), S. 69-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Tris-trimethylsilyl-tert.butyl-cyclotetraphosphaneP4(SiMe3)3CMe3 1, which was previously unknown in the series of the cyclotetraphosphanes P4(SiMe3)nCMe34-n, n = 0-4, could be obtained by the reaction of P3(SiMe3)5 with Me3CPCl2. 1 froms intensely coloured yellow crystals, melting point 143 ± 2°C. The 31P- and 1H-NMR data of 1 are given.
    Notes: Das in der Reihe der Cyclotetraphosphane P4(SiMe3)n(CMe3)4-n, n = 0-4, bisher noch unbekannte P4(SiMe3)CMe3 1 konnte durch Umsetzung von P3(SiMe3)5 mit Me3CPCl2 dargestellt werden. 1 bildet intensiv gelbe Kristalle, Schmp. 143 ± 2°C. Die 31P- und 1H-NMR-Daten von 1 werden angegeben.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845140708
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  • 182
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    [PPh3Cl]⊕[ReCl4(N2S2)]⊖ Synthese, IR-Spektrum und Kristallstruktur (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 514 (1984), S. 72-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: [PPh3Cl]⊕[ReCl4(N2S2)]⊖; Synthese, IR-Spektrum und Kristall StruktureThe title compound is prepared by the reaction of [ReCl3(NSCl)2(POCl3)] with triphenylphosphane; it formes black crystals. The crystal structure determination was solved with X-ray methods (2861 observed independent reflexions, R = 0.038). The compound crystallizes monoclinic in the space group P21/n with four formula units per unit cell. The structure consists of [PPh3Cl]⊕ cations and [ReCl4(N2S2)]⊖ anions, in which the rhenium atom is surrounded octahedrally by four chlorine ligands and the N atoms of a ReN2S2-five-membered ring in cis-position (symmetry C2v). The Re—N bond lengths (181 pm) and the NS bond lengths (152 pm) are in the range of double bonds; the S—S distance is very long (253 pm). The i.r. spectrum is reported.
    Notes: Die Titelverbindung entsteht in Form schwarzer Kristalle bei der Reaktion von [ReCl3(NSCl)2(POCl3)] mit Triphenylphosphan. Die Kristallstruktur wurde mit Hilfe von Röntgenbeugungsdaten ermittelt ermittelt (2861 beobachtete unabhängige Reflexe, R = 0,038). Die Verbindung kristallisiert monoklin in der Raumgruppe P21/n mit vier Formeleinheiten pro Elementarzelle. Die Struktur besteht aus [PPh3Cl]⊕-Kationen und Anionen [ReCl4(N2S2)]⊖, in denen das Rhenium oktaedrisch von vier Chlorliganden und den beiden cis-ständigen Stickstoffatomen eines ReN2S2-Fünfringes umgeben ist (Symmetrie C2v). Die ReN-Abstände (181 pm) und die NS-Abstände (152 pm) entsprechen etwa Doppelbindungen; die S—S-Bindungslänge ist mit 253 pm sehr lang. Das IR-Spektrum wird mitgeteilt.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845140709
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    Zur Kenntnis der Fluoride zweiwertiger Lanthanoide. II. Über die Synthese von MLnF3 aus MLnF4 (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 514 (1984), S. 92-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On Fluorides of Divalent Lanthanoids. II. Synthesis of MLnF3 from MLnF4CsEuF3, CsYbF3, and RbYbF3, which had already been prepared via reduction of the corresponding trifluorides with alkali metal, were also obtained by reducing MLnF4 with M (M = Cs, Rb, K; Ln = Eu, Yb). No additional alkali fluoroperovskites of lanthanoids were detected either by reduction of LnF3 or MLnF4 with metallic Cs, Rb, or K or by other reactions, e.g. 3CsF + 2SmF3 + Sm. It was shown that the reaction of CsF with EuF2 (350-850°C) produced only very little CsEuF3.
    Notes: CsEuF3, CsYbF3 und RbYbF3, zuvor nur durch Reduktion von EuF3 bzw. YbF3 mit met. Cs bzw. Rb erhalten, entstehen auch bei der Reduktion von MLnF4 mit M (M = Cs, Rb, K; Ln = Eu, Yb). Weitere unbekannte Perowskite wie CsSmF3 erhält man auf diesem Wege nicht. Tempern von innigen Gemengen der binären Fluoride (z.B. CsF + EuF2) führt nur zu sehr unvollständiger Umsetzung. Auch Synthesen durch Komproportionierung (z. B. 3CsF + 2SmF3 + Sm) sind ohne Erfolg. Durchgeführt wurden alle Reduktionen von LnF3 (Ln = Sm, Eu, Tm, Yb) mit M (M = Cs, Rb, K).
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845140712
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    Über Chalkogenolate. 139. Untersuchungen über Dialkylester von Chalkogenokohlensäuren. 2. O,Se- und S, Se-Dialkylmonothiomonoselenocarbonate (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 514 (1984), S. 120-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On Chalcogenolates. 139. Studies on Dialkyl Esters of Chalcogenocarbonic Acids. 2. O,Se- and S, Se-Dialkyl MonothiomonoselenocarbonatesThe hitherto unknown esters RSe—CS—OR′, where R = C2H5, nC3H7 and R′ = C2H5, nC3H7, are formed by reaction of NaSeR with Cl—CS—OR′ and of RSe—CS—Cl with HOR′. At the first time, the esters RSe—CO—SR′ with R = R′ = C2H5, nC3H7 have been prepared by reaction between NaSeR and Cl—CO—SR′. The compounds have been characterized by means of diverse spectroscopic methods.
    Notes: Die bisher nicht bekannten Ester RSe—CS—OR′ mit R = C2H5, nC3H7 und R′ = C2H5, nC3H7 entstehen bei der Reaktion von NaSeR mit Cl—CS—OR′ und bei der von RSe—CS—Cl mit HOR′. Erstmals wurden die Ester RSe—CO—SR′ mit R = R′ = C2H5, nC3H7 durch Umsetzung von NaSeR mit Cl—CO—SR′ hergestellt. Die genannten Verbindungen wurden mit Hilfe verschiedener spektroskopischer Methoden charakterisiert.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845140716
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    Metall-Schwefelstickstoff-Verbindungen. 16. Reaktionsprodukte von Blei- und Zinnsalzen mit S4N4 Die Strukturen von PbN2S2 · NH3, PbN2S2 und SnCl4 · 2S4N4 (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 514 (1984), S. 107-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Metal Sulfur Nitrogen Compounds. 16. Products of the Reaction of Lead- and Tin Salts with S4N4. Structures of PbN2S2 · NH3, PbN2S2, and SnCl4 · 2S4N4PbN2S2 · NH3 is monoclinic, P21/a, a = 5.671, b = 16.123, c = 6.102 Å, β = 95.12°, Z = 4, PbN2S2, however, orthorhombic, P212121, a = 4.375, b = 7.654, c = 12.274 Å, Z = 4. The planar five-membered PbN2S2 rings in both compounds show no remarkable differences. In PbN2S2 · NH3, the NH3 molecule is bound to Pb perpendicularly to the plane of the ring.The structure of the long known addition compound SnCl4 · 2S4N4 was determined. It is orthorhombic, Pc21b, a = 11.467, b = 11.995, c = 12.374 Å, Z = 4. Sn shows sixfold coordination, the two S4N4 rings are attached to Sn trans to each other via a N atom.
    Notes: PbN2S2 · NH3 kristallisiert monoklin, Raumgruppe P21/a mit a = 5,671 Å, b = 16,123 Å; c = 6,102 Å, β = 95,12°, Z = 4, PbN2S2 dagegen orthorhombisch, Raumgruppe P212121 mit a = 4,375 Å, b = 7,654 Å, c = 12,274 Å, Z = 4. Die ebenen fünfgliedrigen PbN2S2-Ringe beider Verbindungen unterscheiden sich nur unwesentlich. Bei PbN2S2 · NH3 ist an Pb zusätzlich noch ein NH3-Molekül senkrecht zur Ringebene gebunden.Von der schon lange bekannten Additionsverbindung SnCl4 · 2S4N4 konnte ebenfalls die Struktur bestimmt werden: orthorhombisch, Raumgruppe Pc21b mit a = 11,467 Å, b = 11,995 Å, c = 12,374 Å, Z = 4. Sn ist 6fach koordiniert, die beiden S4N4-Ringe sind über je ein N-Atom in Transstellung an Sn gebunden.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845140714
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    Zum Aufbau schlecht geordneter Calciumhydrogensilicate. VI. Chemische, ESR- und Mößbauer-spektroskopische Untersuchungen zum Einbau von Fe3+-Ionen in C—S—H(Di, Poly) (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 514 (1984), S. 149-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Structure of Ill-crystallized Calcium Hydrogen Silicates. VI. Chemical, ESR, and Mössbauer-Spectroscopic Investigations on the Incorporation of Fe3+ into C—S—H(Di, Poly)C—S—H(Di, Poly), prepared by precipitation reactions from sodium silicate solutions in presence of Fe3+ ions, incorporates at least up to 0.09 Fe2O3/SiO2. Thereby the anion composition of the C—S—H(Di, Poly) ist not affected.The results of ESR and Mössbauer spectroscopic measurements show, that Fe is incorporated as Fe3+ at octahedral sites. Only less than 1% of the total amount of Fe3+ is situated at tetrahedral sites. In good accordance with that is the change of thermal stability of the silicate anions concerning condensation and degradation reactions.
    Notes: In C—S—H(Di, Poly), das bei 80°C (353 K) über Fällungsreaktionen aus Natriumsilicatlösungen in Gegenwart von Fe3+-Ionen synthetisiert wurde, lassen sich bis mindestens 0,09 Fe2O3/SiO2 einbauen. Der Anionenaufbau des C—S—H(Di, Poly) wird dadurch nicht verändert. Aus ESR- bzw. Mößbauer-spektroskopischen Befunden geht hervor, daß das Eisen als Fe3+ hauptsächlich auf Oktaederplätzen vorliegt, während Tetraederplätze nur von weniger als 1% der Gesamteisenmenge besetzt werden. Die Änderung der thermischen Stabilität der Silicatanionen gegenüber Kondensations- und Abbaureaktionen steht mit dem Einbau von Fe3+ auf Oktaederplätzen in guter Übereinstimmung.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845140719
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    Chalkogenfluoride in niedrigen Oxydationsstufen. IX.Als Teil VIII gilt [6]; Teil VII siehe [4]. Darstellung und Charakterisierung von SF3SSFTeilweise vorgetragen auf der Chemiedozententagung in Dortmund (14.-18. 3. 1983) und dem 8. Europäischen Fluorsymposium in Jerusalem (21.-26. 8. 1983). (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 514 (1984), S. 171-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Lower Chalcogen Fluorides. IX. Preparation and Characterization of SF3SSFDuring cocondensation of SF2 and SSF2 the new compound 1,3-Difluorotrisulphane-1,1-difluoride is formed in low yield and can be isolated by means of low temperature fractionation. The compound was unequivocally characterized by 19F-n.m.r,i.r.,Raman, and mass spectra. The unstable compound ist a colourless, viscous liquid with an extrapolated boiling point of 94°C and a melting point of -62°C. It decomposes to SF4 and SSF2 in the gas phase.
    Notes: Bei der Cokondensation von SF2 und SSF2 entsteht in geringen Ausbeuten die neue Verbindung 1,3-Difluor-trisulfan-1,1-difluorid, SF3SSF, die mittels Tieftemperaturfraktionierung isoliert werden konnte. Durch 19F-NMR-, IR-, Raman- und Massenspektren wurde die Verbindung eindeutig charakterisiert. Das sehr zersetzliche SF3SSF ist eine farblose, viskose Flüssigkeit mit einem extrapolierten Siedepunkt von 94°C und einem Schmelzpunkt von -62°C. Es zerfällt in der Gasphase in SF4 und SSF2.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845140721
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    Formation and decomposition of Lanthanum Monoxocarbonate (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 514 (1984), S. 205-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Bildung und Zersetzung von LanthanoxidcarbonatAmorphes Lanthancarbonat wird durch Hydrolyse von Lanthanisopropoxid mit wäßriger Ammoniaklösung an Luft dargestellt. Lanthanoxidcarbonat, La2O(CO3)2 · H2O, kristallisiert, wenn die amorphe Substanz mit heißem Wasser gewaschen wird. Die Kristallisation und das thermische Verhalten des kristallinen Materials werden röntgenographisch, thermoanalytisch und IR-spektroskopisch untersucht. Die Zersetzung des La2O(CO3)2 · H2O in das IA-(LaO)2CO3 wird bei 440 bis 540°C beobachtet. Die Zersetzungsisothermen können durch eine gebrochene rationale Funktion beschrieben werden; die Aktivierungsenergie beträgt 42,6 kcal · mol-1. IA-(LaO)2CO3 zersetzt sich dann zum A-La2O3 bei 750 bis 870°C. Die Kinetik wird ebenfalls durch eine gebrochene rationale Funktion interpretiert; die Aktivierungsenergie beträgt 58,3 kcal · mol-1.
    Notes: Amorphous lanthanum carbonate was prepared by hydrolysis of lanthanum isopropoxide using ammonia water in the atmosphere. Lanthanum monoxocarbonate, La2O(CO3)2 · H2O, crystallizes when this amorphous material was washed with hot water. The crystallization and thermal behavior of the crystalline material are studied by X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, and infrared spectroscopy. The decomposition of La2O(CO3)2 · H2O into type-IA (LaO)2CO3 is observed at 440 to 540°C. Decomposition isotherms are described by the contracting cube equation, the activation energy being 42.6 kcal mol-1. Type-IA (LaO)2CO3 subsequently decomposes to A-type La2O3 at 750 to 870°C. The kinetics is also interpreted in terms of the contracting cube equation, the activation energy being 58.3 kcal mol-1.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845140725
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  • 189
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    Neues zum chemischen Transport von CuO und Cu2O (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 514 (1984), S. 240-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845140729
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  • 190
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    Beiträge zur Strukturchemie phosphorhaltiger Ketten und Ringe. 11. Die Kristall- und Molekülstrukturen der beiden Konfigurationisomeren des Tetraphospha-silaspiro[2.2]pentans (PBut)2Si(PBut)2Die Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchung sind am 9. 8. 1983 auf dem “Eighth European Crystallographic Meeting” (ECM 8) in Lüttich kurz mitgeteilt worden [2]. (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 515 (1984), S. 7-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Structural Chemistry of Phosphorus Containing Chains and Rings. 11. Crystal and Molecular Structures of the Two Stereoisomers of Tetraphospha-silaspiro[2.2]pentane (PBut)2Si(PBut)2The spirocyclic compound 1,2,4,5-tetra-tert-butyl-1,2,4,5-tetraphospha-3-silaspiro[2.2]pentane exists in tow diastereomers of point symmetry 4 and 2. The isomer with symmetry 4 even in the solid crystallizes tetragonally in I41/a with a = 1247.0, c = 1505.5 pm and Z = 4. The isomer of fairly exact symmetry 2 crystallizes triclinically in P1 with a = 612.8, b = 996.3, c = 1017.2 pm, α = 75.63, β = 72.38, γ = 88.71° and Z = 1. In this disordered structure the surroundings of Si is slightly distorted due to the influence of the substituents. The (average) bond lengths are (4, 2): d(Si—P) = 220.09(9), 221.5(5); d(P—P) = 225.5(2), 224.2(5); d(P—C) = 189.4(3), 190(2); d(C—C) = 151.4(4), 152(3) pm. The geometry of the substituents in both isomers is quite normal.
    Notes: Die Spiroverbindung 1,2,4,5-Tetra-tert-butyl-1,2,4,5-tetraphospha-3-silaspiro[2.2]pentan liegt in zwei Diastereomeren der Punktsymmetrie 4 und 2 vor. Das Isomer der auch im Festkörper exakten Symmetrie 4 kristallisiert tetragonal in der Raumgruppe I41/a mit a = 1247,0, c = 1505,5 pm und Z = 4. Das sterisch weniger günstige Isomer der im Festkörper nicht streng erfüllten Symmetrie 2 kristallisiert triklin in der Raumgruppe P1 mit a = 612,8, b = 996,3, c = 1017,2 pm, α = 75.63, β = 72,38, γ = 88,71° und Z = 1. In dieser nur fehlgeordnet beschreibbaren Struktur wird die Umgebung des Si durch Substituenteneinflüsse etwas verzerrt. Die (mittleren) Bindungslängen betragen (4, 2): d(Si—P) = 220,09(9), 221,5(5); d(P—P) = 225,5(2), 224,2(5); d(P—C) = 189,4(3), 190(2); d(C—C) = 151,4(4), 152(3) pm. Die Geometrie der Substituenten ist in beiden Isomeren normal.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845150802
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  • 191
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    Synthesen des Anions S3N3O2-, eines stabilen sechsgliedrigen Schwefel-Stickstoff-Ringes mit einem 8π-Elektronengerüst (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 515 (1984), S. 51-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Syntheses of the Anion S3N3O2-, a Stable Six-membered Sulfur-Nitrogen Ring with an 8π-Electron SkeletonThe dark blue-violet cyclotrithiazene-dioxide anion S3N3O2-has been synthesized on different pathways: 1. reaction of S4N4O2 with alkali azides, 2. metathesis of (CH3)3ES3N3O2 (E = Si, Sn) with CsF, 3. addition of S4N4O2 and alkali bis(trimethylsilyl)-amides followed by cation exchange with tetraphenylarsonium chloride, and 4. reaction of S4N4O2 with trimethylsilyliminotriphenylphosphorane in a molar ratio of 1:1. Excess iminophosphorane leads to the formation of a covalent 1.5-disubstituted S4N4 derivative. Reaction mechanisms will be discussed and structures of trithiatriazine-anions will be compared.
    Notes: Das dunkelblauviolette Cyclotrithiatriazendioxid-Anion S3N3O2- konnte auf verschiedenen Wegen dargestellt werden: 1. Umsetzung von S4N4O2 mit Alkaliaziden, 2. Reaktion von (CH3)3ES3N3O2 (E = Si, Sn) mit CsF, 3. Addition von S4N4O2 und Alkali-bis(trimethylsilyl)-amiden mit anschließendem Kationenaustausch mit Tetraphenylarsoniumchlorid und 4. Umsetzung von S4N4O2 mit Trimethylsilyliminotriphenylphosphoran im Molverhältnis von 1:1. Ein überschuß des Iminophosphorans führt zur Bildung eines kovalenten 1,5-disubstituierten S4N4-Derivats. Reaktionsmechanismen werden diskutiert und Strukturvergleiche an Trithiatriazinanionen durchgeführt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845150806
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    Die Reaktionen von Eisen(III)-chlorid mit Trithiazylchlorid. Die Kristallstruktur von [S4N4Cl]+[FeCl4]⊖ (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 515 (1984), S. 69-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactions of Iron Trichloride with Trithyazyl Chloride. Crystal Structure of [S4N4Cl]+[FeCl4]-Iron trichloride reacts with (NSCl)3 yielding S4N4[FeCl4]2, S3N3Cl2[FeCl4] or S4N4Cl[FeCl4], depending on the reaction conditions. The i.r. spectra prove the presence of [FeCl4]⊖ ions for all three compounds. The 57Fe-Mössbauer spectra show a slight quadrupole splitting at 80 K for S3N3Cl2[FeCl4] (ΔEQ = 0.42 mm · s-1) and S4N4Cl[FeCl4] (ΔEQ = 0.23 mm · s-1), which indicates a slight deformation of the FeCl4⊖ tetrahedra. The crystal structure of S4N4Cl[FeCl4] was determined and refined with X-ray diffraction data (2549 independent reflexions, R = 0.026). S4N4Cl[FeCl4] crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1 with two formula units per unit cell. The lattice constants are a = 712, b = 911, c = 1006 pm, α = 76.5°, β = 83.8° and γ = 80.5°. The structure consists of the so far unknown [S4N4Cl]⊕ cations and slightly deformed FeCl4⊖ ions. The [S4N4Cl]⊕ ion consists of a S4N4 ring built up of two nearly planar S3N2 fragments having a dihedral angle of 136°. The average SN bond length is 157 pm, the SCI bond length 214 pm.
    Notes: Eisen(III)-chlorid reagiert mit (NSCl)3 je nach den angewandten Versuchsbedingungen unter Bildung von S4N4[FeCl4]2, S3N3Cl2[FeCl4] oder S4N4Cl[FeCl4]. Nach den IR-Spektren enthalten alle Verbindungen das FeCl4⊖-Anion. Die 57Fe-Mößbauer-Spektren lassen anhand der endlichen Beträge der Quadrupolaufspaltung bei 80 K für S3N3Cl2[FeCl4] (ΔEQ = 0,42 mm · s-1) und für S4N4Cl[FeCl4] (ΔEQ = 0,23 mm · s-1) leicht verzerrte FeCl4⊖-Tetraeder erkennen. Die Kristallstruktur von S4N4Cl[FeCl4] wurde mit Hilfe von Röntgenbeugungsdaten ermittelt und verfeinert (2549 unabhängige, beobachtete Reflexe, R = 2,6%). S4N4Cl[FeCl4] kristallisiert in der triklinen Raumgruppe P1 mit zwei Formeleinheiten pro Elementarzelle. Die Gitterkonstanten sind a = 712, b = 911, c = 1006 pm; α = 76,5°, β = 83,8°, γ = 80,5°. Die Struktur besteht aus dem bisher unbekannten [S4N4Cl]⊕-Kation und leicht verzerrten FeCl4⊖-Anionen. Das [S4N4Cl]⊕-Ion bildet einen S4N4-Achtring, der aus zwei zueinander gefalteten, nahezu ebenen Ringfragmenten S3N2 besteht mit einem Faltungswinkel von 136°. Der mittlere SN-Bindungsabstand beträgt 157 pm, die S—Cl-Bindungslänge 214 pm.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845150808
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  • 193
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    Zur Kenntnis von Li2[CuO2] [1, 2] (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 515 (1984), S. 95-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On Li2[CuO2]At the first time single crystals of Li2[CuO2] are prepared by exchange reaction. The crystal structure (I mmm) with a = 365.4(0), b = 285.9(0), c = 937.4(0) pm, Z = 2, dx = 3.73 g/cm3, dpyk = 3.67 g/cm3 was refined (four-circle-diffractometer data PW 1100, 343 Io(hkl), MoKα, R = 0.046, Rw = 0.041). The characteristic structure element is the planar chain \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ {}_\infty ^1 \left[{{\rm CuO}_{4/2}} \right]^{2 -} $\end{document}. The Madelung Part of Lattice Energy, MAPLE, Effective Coordination Numbers, ECoN, these via Mean Fictive Ionic Radii, MEFIR, are calculated.
    Notes: Einkristalle von Li2[CuO2] wurden erstmals durch „Austauschreaktion“ dargestellt und die Kristallstruktur (I mmm) mit a = 365,4(0), b = 285,9(0), c = 937,4(0) pm, Z = 2, drö = 3,73 g/cm3, dpyk = 3,67 g/cm3 aufgeklärt (Vierkreisdiffraktometerdaten, PW 1100, 343 Io(hkl), MoKα, R = 0,046, Rw = 0,041). Das charakteristische Strukturelement ist die planare Ketve \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ {}_\infty ^1 \left[{{\rm CuO}_{4/2}} \right]^{2 -} $\end{document}. Der Madelunganteil der Gitterenergie, MAPLE, Effektive Koordinationszahlen, ECoN, diese über Mittlere Fiktive Ionenradien, MEFIR, werden berechnet.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845150811
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  • 194
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    Über Polygermane. X. Schwingungsspektren der Homocyclen (Ph2Ge)4, (Ph2Ge)5 und (Ph2Ge)6 (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 515 (1984), S. 141-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On Polygermanes. X. Vibrational Spectra of the Homorings (Ph2Ge)4, (Ph2Ge)5, and (Ph2Ge)6IR and Raman transitions of the crystalline title compounds are given from 3100 to 100 cm-1. The spectra are nearly identical above 350 cm-1. The Gen ring vibrations range from 330 to 140 cm-1 and are unspecifically coupled with mass sensitive phenyl modes. The distribution of the individual values is discussed by means of the intracyclic bond angles determined by X-ray structure analysis.
    Notes: Für die kristallinen Titelverbindungen werden IR- und Raman-Übergänge im Bereich 3100-100 cm-1 angegeben. Oberhalb 350 cm-1 sind die Spektren weitgehend identisch. Die Gerüstschwingungen der Gen-Homocyclen liegen von 330-140 cm-1 und koppeln in unspezifischer Weise mit Phenylgruppenschwingungen. Die Verteilung der Einzelwerte wird an Hand von röntgeno-graphisch bestimmten intracyclischen Bindungswinkeln diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845150816
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  • 195
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    Über Chalkogenolate. 141. Untersuchungen über Trimethylsilylxanthogensäure. 1. Darstellung und Eigenschaften von Trimethylsilylxanthaten (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 515 (1984), S. 173-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On Chalcogenolates. 141. Studies on Trimethylsilyl Xanthic Acid. 1. Synthesis and Properties of Trimethylsilyl XanthatesThe trimethylsilyl xanthates \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm M}\left[{{\rm S}_2 {\rm C} - {\rm OSi}\left({{\rm CH}_3} \right)_3} \right]\,{\rm mit\,M} = {\rm Li,Na,K},{\rm Rb},{\rm Cs} $$\end{document} have been prepared by reaction of the corresponding silanolate with carbon disulfide. The compounds were characterized by means of chemical and diverse spectroscopic methods.The existence of unstable trimethylsilyl xanthic acid has been demonstrated.
    Notes: Die Trimethylsilylxanthate \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm M}\left[{{\rm S}_2 {\rm C} - {\rm OSi}\left({{\rm CH}_3} \right)_3} \right]\,{\rm mit\,M} = {\rm Li,Na,K},{\rm Rb},{\rm Cs} $$\end{document} wurden durch Umsetzung des entsprechenden Silanolats mit Kohlenstoffdisulfid hergestellt und mit Hilfe chemischer und verschiedener spektroskopischer Methoden charakterisiert.Die Existenz der instabilen Trimethylsilylxanthogensäure konnte gesichert werden.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845150820
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  • 196
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    Über die Trithiocyanatoargentate Rb2Ag(SCN)3 und Cs2Ag(SCN)3 (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 515 (1984), S. 199-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Trithiocyanatoargentates Rb2Ag(SCN)3 and Cs2Ag(SCN)3The trithiocyanatoargentates Rb2Ag(SCN)3 and CsAg(SCN)3 are obtained by crystallization from highly concentrated aqueous solutions. In the crystal structures the Ag atoms are surrounded tetrahedrally by the S atoms of 4 SCN groups. These Ag(SCN)4 tetrahedra are connected by common corners to polymer \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ {}_\infty ^1 \left[{{\rm Ag}\left({{\rm SCN}} \right)_2 \left({{\rm SCN}_{2/2}} \right)} \right] $\end{document}1[Ag(SCN)2(SCN)2/2] anion in Rb2Ag(SCN)3, whereas dimeric Ag2(SCN)6 anions were found in the Cs compound.
    Notes: Die Trithiocyanatoargentate Rb2Ag(SCN)3 und Cs2Ag(SCN)3 können durch Kristallisation aus hochkonzentrierten wäßrigen Lösungen erhalten werden. In den Kristallstrukturen sind die Ag-Atome tetraedrisch durch die S-Atome von vier SCN-Gruppen umgeben. Diese Ag(SCN)4-Tetraeder sind in der Rb-Verbindung über zwei Ecken zu einem polymeren \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ {}_\infty ^1 \left[{{\rm Ag}\left({{\rm SCN}} \right)_2 \left({{\rm SCN}_{2/2}} \right)} \right] $\end{document}1[Ag(SCN)2(SCN)2/2]-Anion verknüpft, während bei der Cs-Verbindung zweikernige Ag2(SCN)6-Anionen gebildet werden.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845150823
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    Dichte, Leitfähigkeit und Elektrolyse flüssiger Phasen in wasserfreien Systemen vom Typ MCl/AlCl3/SO2 (M = Li, Na) (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 515 (1984), S. 187-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Density, Conductivity, and Electrolysis of Liquid Phases in Nonaqueous Systems of the Type MCl/AlCl3/SO2 (M = Li, Na)The temperature dependence of the density and specific conductivity was determined at liquid phases of the composition MAlCl4 · nSO2 + mAlCl3 (M = Li, n = 3-5.5, m = 0.266; M = Na, n = 1.36-4.56, m = 0.01-0.1). The investigated range was between -30°C and +45°C. For different compositions it was limited by the liquidus point and by the point, where the SO2-equilibrium pressure surpassed 1 bar. The densities are between 1.63 and 1.76 g/cm3, the specific conductivities between 0.03 and 0.07 Ω-1 · cm-1.In diluted solutions below -10°C NaAlCl4 behaves as a strong electrolyte in which dissociation in Na+ and AlCl4-is prevailing. By electrolysis of the liquid phases at room temperature reversible galvanic cells of the type M/MAlCl4 · nSO2/Cl2, C(M = Li, Na) are generated, which have an open circuit potential between 4.12 and 4.18 volts. The alkali metal deposits are stable in contact with the electrolyte up to 60°C in the case of lithium and 35°C with sodium.
    Notes: Die Temperaturabhängigkeit der Dichte und der Leitfähigkeit flüssiger Phasen der Zusammensetzung MAlCl4 · nSO2 + mAlCl3 (M = Li, n = 3-5,5, m = 0,266; M = Na, n = 1,36-4,56, m = 0,01-0,1) wurde gemessen im Bereich zwischen der Liquidustemperatur und der Temperatur, bei der der SO2-Gleichgewichtsbruck 1 bar erreicht (-30°C bis +45°C). Die Dichten liegen zwischen 1,63 bis 1,76 g/cm3 und die spezifischen Leitfähigkeiten zwischen 0,03 bis 0,07 Ω-1 · cm-1 · NaAlCl4 verhält sich in verdünnten SO2-Lösungen bei -10°C bis -20°C als starker Elektroyt, der überwiegend in Na+ und AlCl4- dissoziiert vorliegt. Bei der Elektrolyse entstehen reversible Galvanische Zellen vom Typ M/MAlCl4 · nSO2/Cl2, C (M = Li, Na), deren EMK 4,12 bis 4,18 V beträgt. Die Alkalimetallabscheidung ist im Kontakt mit dem Elektrolyten im Falle des Lithiums bis +60°C beim Natrium bis +35°C stabil. An Graphit-Pulveranoden entstehen neben gelöstem Chlor Cl(AlCl3)3-Intercalate.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845150822
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    The CaO—MgO—P2O5 System at 1000°C for P2O5 ≤ 33.3 mole % (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 515 (1984), S. 213-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Das CaO—MgO—P2O5-System bei 1000°C für P2O5 ≤ 33,3 Mol-%Das quasiternäre Phasendiagramm CaO—MgO—P2O5 bei 1000°C für P2O5 ≤ 33,3 Mol-% wurde bestimmt durch Erhitzen von 140 Mischungen unter Verwendung von vier Ausgangsmaterialien (CaHPO4, CaCO3, MgO und MgHPO4 · 3 H2O). Die Produkte wurden röntgenographisch untersucht und die Temperung fortgeführt bis keine Änderung in der Phasenzusammensetzung und der Peakposition der Röntgendiagramme beobachtet wurde, was gegebenenfalls zu Temperzeiten von über 1000 Stunden führte.Es existieren drei bevorzugte Bereiche für feste Lösungen: die Whitlockit-Phase und bei den ternären Verbindungen im Gebiet der Pyro- und Orthophosphatphase. Der Bereich der festen Lösung der ternären Pyrophosphat-Verbindung wurde durch die Änderung in der Peakposition der Röntgendiagramme mit der Zusammensetzung bestimmt und wurde zu 15,9 bis 27,5 Mol-% MgO gefunden.Die Zwei- und Dreiphasengebiete wurden aus der Änderung der Peakposition der Whitlockit und ternären Pyrophosphat-Verbindung bestimmt. Die Experimente wurden in Luft ausgeführt. Zusätzliche Versuche in CO2-Atmosphäre zeigten keine Änderungen in den Röntgendiagrammen, besonders in jenen in denen Apatit enthalten war. Die Apatitphase baute keine bestimmbare Menge von Mg ein, weder beim Tempern in Luft noch in CO2-Atmosphäre.
    Notes: The quasi ternary phase diagram CaO-MgO-P2O5 at 1000°C for P2O5 ≤ 33.3 mole-% is determined by heating some 140 compositions prepared from the appropriate ones of 4 starting chemicals (reagent grade CaHPO4, CaCO3, MgO, and MgHPO4 · 3 aq.). Products were investigated with X-ray diffraction and heating was continued until no more changes in phase composition and peak positions in the X-ray diffraction pattern were observed, leading occasionally to heating times of over 1000 hours.There are three major regions of solid solution: for the whitlockite phase, and for the ternary compounds on the pyro- and the ortho-phosphate join. The extent of solid solution of the ternary pyrophosphate compound was determined by the change in peak position in the X-ray diffraction pattern with composition and was found to be 15.9-27.5 mole-% MgO.Two and three phase areas were determined using the change in peak position data for the whitlockite and ternary pyrophosphate compound. The experiments were carried out in air. However additional experiments in a CO2 atmosphere revealed no changes in the X-ray diffraction patterns, apart from those in which apatite was involved. The apatite phase did not incorporate detectable amounts of Mg, not on heating in air nor on heating in a carbondioxide atmosphere.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845150825
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    Zur Existenz und Struktur der sekundären Dithizonate (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 515 (1984), S. 230-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Existence and Structure of Secondary DithizonatesOn example of complexation with copper and palladium proved, that dithizone by double deprotonation forming neutral “secondary” dithiozonates, which have been characterized by elemental analyses, electronic, i.r., ESCA, and EPR spectra and magnetic measurements. Dithizone reacts about ligator atoms N,N′,S. Secondary dithizonates probable are present dimeric.
    Notes: Am Beispiel der Komplexbildung mit Kupfer und Palladium wird nachgewiesen, daß Dithizon unter zweifacher Deprotonierung neutrale, „sekundäre“ Dithizonate bildet, die durch Elementaranalyse, VIS-, IR-, EPR- und Photoelektronen-Spektren sowie magnetische Messungen charakterisiert werden. Dithizon wirkt über die Ligatoratome N,N′,S. Die sekundären Dithizonate liegen wahrscheinlich dimer vor.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845150827
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  • 200
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    Beiträge zur Chemie des Phosphors. 142. P6(t-Bu)5H - das erste Cyclotetraphosphan mit P2-SeitenketteProfessor Walter Rüdorff zum 75. Geburtstage am 3. Oktober 1984 gewidmet (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 516 (1984), S. 7-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Contributions to the Chemistry of Phosphorus. 142. P6(t-Bu)5H - the First Cyclotetraphosphane with a P2 Side ChainThe thermolysis of 1, 2-di-tert-butyldiphosphane, H(t-Bu)P—P(t-Bu)H, leads to formation of the hitherto unknown hexaphosphane P6(t-Bu)5H (1). In the first instance the iso-P5H5 derivative P5(t-Bu)4H [3] is formed, which reacts further with H2(t-BuP)2 or H2(t-BuP)3 yielding 1. Compound 1 has been isolated in the pure state and structurally characterized as 1-(1,2-di-tert-butyldiphosphino)-2, 3, 4-tri-tert-butyl-cyclotetraphosphane, i. e. as a four-membered ring compound with a P2 side chain. Due to the chirality of the P atoms in the side chain, 1 exists as a mixture of two configurational isomers, the threo-and the erythro-form.
    Notes: Bei der Thermolyse von 1, 2-Di-tert-butyldiphosphan, H(t-Bu) P—P(t-Bu) H, entsteht aus dem zunächst gebildeten iso-P5H5-Derivat P5(t-Bu)4H [3] durch Weiterreaktion mit H2(t-BuP)2 oder H2(t-BuP)3 das bislang unbekannte Hexaphosphan P6(t-Bu)5H (1). Verbindung 1 wurde in reiner Form isoliert und strukturell als 1-(1, 2-Di-tert-butyldiphosphino)-2, 3, 4-tri-tert-butyl-cyclotetraphosphan, d. h. als Vierring-Verbindung mit P2-Seitenkette, charakterisiert. Wegen der Chiralität der P-Atome in der Seitenkette liegt 1 als Gemisch aus zwei Konfigurationsisomeren, der threo- und erythro-Form, vor.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845160902
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