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  • 1975-1979  (4,502)
  • 1965-1969  (3,216)
  • Organic Chemistry  (6,552)
  • Engineering General  (978)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of cerebellectomy on the cat's vertical vestibuloocular reflex (1979)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 382 (1979), S. 51-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Cerebellectomy ; Vestibuloocular reflex ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of cerebellectomy on the semi-circular canal evoked responses recorded from individual vertical and oblique eye muscles were studied in cats anesthetized with Ketamine. The phase lag relative angular acceleration of the electromyographic response was consistantly smaller over the frequency range tested (0.02–1.0 Hz) in cerebellectomized than in intact animals. This finding indicates that the time constant of the central, neural integrator was shifted towards smaller values by the lesion. This was also suggested when the vertical eye movements generated by rotation about the pitch axis were recorded in the fully alert animal. In addition, the EOG data show that the phase of the VOR in the low frequency range was not altered following cerebellectomy suggesting that the macular influences were still present. When the EMG responses of the superior oblique (SO) and superior rectus (SR) muscles were studied in their presumed main mode, i.e. roll-canal and pitch-canal, respectively, no difference was noted in hemicerebellectomized animals when compared to intact control animals. However, when SO and SR were studied in pitch-canal and roll-canal rotation, respectively, dramatic changes in the response pattern were noted in lesioned animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00585903
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the central generation of locomotion in the low spinal cat (1979)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 34 (1979), S. 241-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Locomotion ; Central generator ; Cat ; Deafferentation ; Spinal cord
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A central network of neurones in the spinal cord has been shown to produce a rhythmic motor output similar to locomotion after suppression of all afferent inflow. The experiments were performed mainly in acute spinal cats (th. 12), which had received DOPA i.v. and the monoamine oxidase inhibitor Nialamide. In some preparations all dorsal roots supplying the spinal cord were transected, in others phasic afferent activity was suppressed by curarization. The activity was recorded as neurograms from nerve filaments or as electromyograms. It is concluded that: 1. alternating activity between flexors and extensors of foot, ankle, knee, and hip of one limb can still occur 2. the duration of the flexor discharges vary less with the cycle duration than the extensor discharges 3. different flexor muscles may retain individual patterns 4. the activity at different joints can be dissociated 5. there is at least one network for each limb 6. the coordination between the two hindlimbs can be alternating as in walking or be more closely spaced as in galloping 7. alternating activity in the ankle remains even when only segments L6, L7 and S1 are intact.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235671
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SEM study of the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle in the cat (1979)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 155 (1979), S. 323-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Telencephalon ; Choroid plexus ; Lateral ventricle ; Blood vessels ; Micro Corrosion cast ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Corrosion casts of the complete vascular network of the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle in the cat brain were studied in SEM using the injection-replication method. The villi of this plexus are located only on its supero-anterior and infero-posterior parts, being most densely packed in the former region, close to the interventricular foramen. The capillaries of the villi display small nodular thickenings, which suggest the presence of small, sinusoidal dilatations. The main vessel supplying the plexus with blood is the anterior choroidal artery. The plexus is also characterized by a particularly rich venous network, which is drained by a prominent (main) choroid vein. The vascular organization of the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle in cat is compared to that of the corresponding plexuses in other mammals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00317645
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Primary vestibular afferent projections to the ipsilateral abducens nucleus in cats (1979)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 37 (1979), S. 177-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cat ; Autoradiography ; Abducens nucleus ; Primary vestibular fibers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Primary vestibular projections to the ipsilateral abducens nucleus were found in cats by injecting anterograde tracer substances (radioactive proline and fucose) into Scarpa's ganglion. Labelling was observed in the rostral and middle portion of the abducens nucleus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01474263
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effets de la stimulation des mécanorécepteurs splanchniques sur l'activité des cellules cérébelleuses de Purkinje (1979)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 37 (1979), S. 405-416 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cerebellum ; Purkinje Cells ; Splanchnic mechanoreceptors ; Cat ; Cervelet ; Cellules Purkinje ; Mécanorécepteurs splanchniques ; Chat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les activités simple et complexe de cellules de Purkinje du cervelet du Chat (zone vermienne des lobules V et VI) ont été enregistrées au moyen de microélectrodes extracellulaires. Ces réponses étaient obtenues par stimulation de différents types de mécanorécepteurs du tractus gastro-intestinal: récepteurs musculaires connectés à des fibres C, récepteurs péritonéaux de mouvement connectés à des fibres Aγδ ou B, corpuscules de Pacini connectés à des fibres Aβ. Les caractéristiques des fibres splanchniques projetant sur cette aire cérébelleuse ont été définies. Des convergences splanchno-somatiques, splanchno-viscérales et splanchno-corticales ont été mises en évidence.
    Notes: Summary Climbing and mossy fibre activity in Purkinje cells of cat cerebellum (vermis part of lobules V and VI) were recorded by means of extracellular microelectrodes. Responses were obtained by stimulation of different types of mechanoreceptors in the gastro-intestinal tract: muscular receptors connected with C fibres, peritoneal movement receptors connected with Aγδ or B fibres, Pacinian corpuscules connected with Aβ fibres. The characteristics of the splanchnic fibre projections on this cerebellar area were defined. Splanchno-somatic, splanchno-visceral, and splanchno-cortical convergences were demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236814
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of the projection from the visual cortex to the claustrum by anterograde axonal transport in the cat (1979)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 34 (1979), S. 197-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Claustrum ; Visual cortex ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Visual cortex, including areas 17, 18, and sometimes 19, was injected with tritiated leucine. Terminal labelling could be detected by autoradiography in the dorsocaudal part of the ipsilateral claustrum in all cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238353
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discriminative stimulus properties of psychomotor stimulants in the cat (1979)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 63 (1979), S. 151-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Discriminative stimulus properties ; Psychomotor stimulants ; Cat ; d-Amphetamine ; Clozapine ; Cocaine ; Morphine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cats were trained to choose between two levers of an operant chamber using interoceptive cues provided by d-amphetamine or saline as the discriminative stimuli. Following training, stimulus generalization was observed to additional doses of d-amphetamine and cocaine, but not to morphine. Clozapine blocked the generalization of the drug discrimination response to d-amphetamine, but had no effect on generalization to cocaine. These data indicate that discriminative stimulus properties of psychomotor stimulants, previously described in rats, are similar in cats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00429694
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lafora-like bodies in a cat (1979)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 48 (1979), S. 55-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Lafora-like bodies ; Morphogenesis ; Glycogen metabolism ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Lafora-like bodies in an 8-year-old cat were studied light and electron microscopically and histochemically. In addition to Lafora-like bodies composed of branching filaments, glycogen granules and electron-dense materials, abnormal accumulations of glycogen granules attracted attention. The most remarkable features were the developmental processes of the branching filaments originating directly from glycogen granules. Lafora-like bodies in the present study showed ultrastructural, histochemical, and enzymatic similarities to those described in the previous reports in Lafora's disease, glycogenosis and other cases. From these results, a certain disturbance of the glycogen metabolism is considered to be probably related to the productive mechanism of Lafora-like bodies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691791
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Responses of single cells in cat's lateral geniculate nucleus and area 17 to the velocity of moving visual stimuli (1979)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 34 (1979), S. 273-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Stimulus velocity ; Single cell responses ; LGN ; Area 17 ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neuronal responses to moving visual stimuli were recorded in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and area 17 of cats. Response duration (DE), number of spikes (NT), and mean frequency (FM) were estimated from the response histograms and analysed for their dependence on stimulus velocity. In the LGN, for about 2/3 of cells these response parameters changed monotonically with velocity up to about 100 °/s. In 1/3 of the cells, the response frequency was tuned to velocity. The speed at which individual cells reached a peak or plateau firing rate was correlated with their receptive field size. In area 17, most neurones were tuned to velocity. Nine out of 59 cells were insensitive to stimulus speed in that they responded equally well at stimulus velocities up to about 10 °/s. The results suggest that at higher levels in the nervous system information about velocity is represented in discrete groups of neurones. It is pointed out that different response parameters may be relevant for different perceptual phenomena associated with movement. The significance of integrational properties and lateral inhibition of nerve cells for the development of complex response properties is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235673
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mise en evidence electrophysiologique des thermorécepteurs vagaux dans la région gastro-intestinale. Leur rôle dans la régulation de la motricité digestive (1979)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 34 (1979), S. 419-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Thermoreceptors ; Gastro-intestinal tract ; Vagal nerve ; C Fibres ; Cat ; Thermorecepteurs ; Tractus gastro ; Intestinal ; Nerf vague ; Fibres amyéliniques ; Chat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Chez des chats anesthésiés, des décharges sensitives vagales ont été enregistrées dans le ganglion plexiforme à l'aide d'électrodes extracellulaires en verre. Nous avons trouvé au niveau de l'antre et du duodénum, des récepteurs toniques, activés par des solutions chaudes (38–51 ° C avec un optimum à 46–49 ° C) ou froides (36–10 ° C avec un optimum à 12–10 ° C). Ces récepteurs ne répondent ni aux stimulus mécaniques (compression et distension des viscères), ni aux stimulus chimiques (perfusion avec des solutions glucosées ou acides). Ces récepteurs n'appartiennent donc pas au groupe des récepteurs polymodaux, mais ils doivent être considérés comme de véritables thermorécepteurs spécifiquement sensibles au chaud ou au froid. Les thermorécepteurs de la région gastro-duodénale sont connectés à des fibres vagales amyéliniques (vitesse de conduction: 0,8–1,4 m/s). Par ailleurs, le rôle éventuel des thermorécepteurs vagaux de la région gastro-duodénale dans la régulation de la motilité digestive a été recherché. En dérivant simultanément l'EMG en plusieurs points du tractus gastro-duodénal, il a été possible de démontrer que les stimulations froides et chaudes du duodénum, qui mettent en jeu les thermorécepteurs, provoquent une inhibition de l'activité électrique de l'antre. Les modifications persistent apèrs bisplanchnectomie, mais disparaissent complètement après bivagotomie. A partir de ces faits, nous en avons conclu que les thermorécepteurs vagaux sont impliqués dans la régulation nerveuse de la motilité gastro-duodénale.
    Notes: Summary In anaesthetized cats, sensory vagal units were recorded in the nodose ganglion by means of extracellular glass microelectrodes. In the antrum and the duodenum we have found receptors tonically activated by warm (38–51 ° C with an optimum at 46–49 ° C) or cold (36–10 ° C with an optimum at 12–10 ° C) solutions. These receptors did not respond to mechanical stimuli (compression and distension of the viscera) and to chemical ones (perfusion with glucose and acid solutions). Thus they did not belong to polymodal type, but they must be considered as true thermoreceptors, specifically sensitive to warm or cold stimulations. The gastro-duodenal thermoreceptors were connected to non-medullated vagal fibres (conduction velocity: 0.8–1.4 m/s). On the other hand, the role of the gastro-duodenal vagal thermoreceptors in the regulation of the digestive motility was studied. By using several electromyographic recordings, it was possible to show that the cold and warm stimulations of the duodenum which elicited thermoreceptor responses, induced an inhibition of the electrical activity of the antrum. The changes persisted after bisplanchnectomy, but disappeared completely after bivagotomy. From these facts it was concluded that the vagal thermoreceptors were involved in the nervous regulations of the gastro-duodenal motility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00239140
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of ventrolateral thalamic nucleus cooling on initiation of forelimb ballistic flexion movements by conditioned cats (1979)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 34 (1979), S. 435-452 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cooling ; Ventrolateral thalamic nucleus ; Pyramidal system ; Reaction time ; Ballistic movement ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Five cats were trained to perform a forelimb ballistic flexion on a reaction time paradigm including an upper limit of about 400 ms for reinforcement (food pellets). They were implanted with a cyrogenic probe thermically insulated, except at the tip, by a vacuum jacket (outer diameter, 1.1 mm). Four cats had the probe inserted into the ventrolateral thalamic nucleus (VL), contralateral to the moving limb. During cooling they showed increased reaction times, which remained constant throughout daily sessions performed during many weeks, independent of the foreperiod but varying from 25 to 100 ms according to the subject. The temperatures used to upset the reaction times varied from +10 ° C to −8 ° C, depending on the localisation of the probe and on the insulation of the silver tip used to prevent nervous tissue reaction, but for each subject the reaction times always increased when the temperature was lowered. The fifth cat, with a probe inserted between VL and the Centre Median, showed a decrease of reaction times on cooling to 0 ° C and an increase of the reaction times for a cooling at −10 ° C. For one of the four cats with a probe properly inserted into the VL, strain-gauges were stuck on the lever to measure the latency of the decrease of the pressure exerted by the subject when the subject initiated the forelimb flexion in response to the CS. Reaction times and latencies of pressure changes were closely correlated with the movement onset, and they were equally delayed during cooling. This result demonstrates that it is not by slowing down movement velocity that reaction times are upset during VL cooling but by delaying the movement onset.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00239141
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anatomical and electrophysiological identification of motoneurones supplying the cat retractor bulbi muscle (1979)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 34 (1979), S. 541-550 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Retractor bulbi motoneurones ; Accessory abducens nucleus ; 6th nerve ; Oculomotricity ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Motoneurones innervating the retractor bulbi muscle in the cat have been identified by retrograde labelling with horseradish peroxidase, by intracellular recording and by intracellular staining with horseradish peroxidase. Their somata are found in an accessory abducens nucleus, analogous to that described in some other species, which consists of a narrow column of cells situated in the lateral tegmental reticular field, above the superior olive and medial to the facial nerve. This column of cells extends over approximately 1.5 mm from P 5.5 to P 7. The retractor bulbi motoneurones number from 80 to 120 and have large, elongated somata which give rise to five or six major dendrites. Their axons cross the reticular formation in a dorso-medial direction to pass through the principal abducens nucleus before turning to leave the brain stem in the 6th nerve. Antidromic latencies ranged from 0.4 to 0.7 ms. Some retractor bulbi motoneurones could also be activated antidromically by stimulation of the lateral rectus muscle nerve.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00239148
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Classification of cat retinal ganglion cells into X- and Y-cells with a contrast reversal stimulus (1979)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 35 (1979), S. 25-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Retinal ganglion cells ; Cat ; Contrast reversal stimulus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A contrast reversal (alternating phase) stimulus was used to study the responses of 150 retinal ganglion cells from 15 adult cats. Because the majority of the cells did not show perfect linear spatial summation, a ratio of the firing rates at two time periods was used to express the degree of nonlinearity. Y-cells showed a high degree of nonlinearity, and their mean null ratio was significantly lower than that of X-cells. With the stimulus at the null position, X-cells had an unmodulated discharge rate which was significantly higher than maintained activity, while the firing rate of Y-cells was lower than maintained activity. With the stimulus placed at an eccentric position in the receptive field, X-cells responded in a sustained manner, while Y-cells respond transiently. Because of these observations, we conclude that X-cells correspond to the sustained cells, while Y-cells correspond to the transient cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236782
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Various types of corticotectal neurons of cats as demonstrated by means of retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase (1979)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 35 (1979), S. 161-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cerebral cortex ; Superior colliculus ; Cat ; Horseradish peroxidase method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The retrograde labeling of cortical neurons with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was used to investigate the morphological features of neurons in various cortical areas projecting to the superior colliculus in the cat. Corticotectal cells were found to be labeled in layer V of the entire cerebral cortex. The number of labeled cells and their locations varied according to the sites of injections of HRP in the colliculus. Most of the Corticotectal cells identified in the present study were small (9–20 μm in diameter, 66%) and medium (20–40 urn, 30%) pyramidal neurons and only 4% of them were large (more than 40 μm). The labeled cells, 261 in total number, had somal diameters of 20.8±8.0 μm (mean and SD). The range of sizes of the labeled neurons was different in different cortical areas. For example, the labeled neurons in the Clare-Bishop area had a greater proportion of large diameter cells than in other areas. The present findings are largely in agreement with the previous data of anterograde degeneration methods with respect to the topographical correlation of the Corticotectal projections. However, in some cortical areas, e.g., the sensorimotor and the first visual (area 17) cortex of the lateral surface of the hemisphere, relatively small numbers of Corticotectal neurons appear to have been labeled by retrogradely transported HRP. The sparsity of the labeled neurons in certain cortical areas may reflect the existence of Corticotectal neurons with axon collaterals supplying brain structures other than the superior colliculus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236792
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cortical neurons projecting to the pontine nuclei in the cat. An experimental study with the horseradish peroxidase technique (1979)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 35 (1979), S. 269-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cerebral cortex ; Pontine nuclei ; Cat ; Horseradish peroxidase method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injections in various portions of the cat pontine nuclei resulted in retrograde labeling of neurons in layer V of the ipsilateral cerebral cortex. Corticopontine neurons, pyramidal in type, have been found to be labeled in the entire cortex, confirming the previous findings of anterograde degeneration studies. Most (91%) of the labeled cells were 14–26 μm in diameter (mean 19.4±4.5 μm SD). Small (10–20 μm) and medium (20–40 μm) cells represent 51.5% and 47.7%, respectively, of the total number of the labeled neurons. The populations of the neurons of various sizes were almost identical in different cortical areas, and were different from the populations of corticoreticular and corticospinal cells. Corticopontine cells were well labeled in experimental cases of 3-days' survival time, confirming the topographical organization established previously by degeneration studies for this projection system. However, in cases of shorter survival time (20–27 h), the number of labeled neurons was very small. The relative paucity of labeled Corticopontine neurons in the sigmoid and lateral gyri is discussed with reference to other cortical descending neurons (e.g., the corticotectal, corticoreticular and corticospinal) which have hitherto been identified morphologically as well as physiologically.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236615
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cat phrenic nucleus architecture as revealed by horseradish peroxidase mapping (1979)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 35 (1979), S. 395-406 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cat ; Spinal cord ; Phrenic motoneurons ; Neuron geometry ; Horseradish peroxidase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cat phrenic motoneurons, labeled by intradiaphragmatic injection of horseradish peroxidase, formed a tight cluster in the most ventral portion of the ventral horn in lamina IX of the lower cervical cord. Cell counts were symmetrically distributed for 17 to 21 mm along the longitudinal axis of the cord with a unimodal peak at the junction of segments C5 and C6. The phrenic nucleus was bilaterally organized on either side of the cord with anatomical symmetry and in no case was there evidence for the crossing of phrenic axons in the cord. Assessment of cellular geometry and intercellular relationships demonstrated that phrenic cell diameters approximated a normal distribution with a single peak at 26 μm while longitudinal cell lengths averaged 76 μm. Cells of different size were mixed randomly at all levels of the nucleus. The minimum distance between cells was about 10 μm and the maximum cell packing density approached 2 cells per 106 μm3. The results confirm the location of the cat phrenic nucleus, extend the knowledge of phrenic motoneuronal geometry, and provide an anatomical basis for the understanding of recruitment and synchronization phenomena within the phrenic nucleus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236759
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Visual suppression from nondominant eye in the lateral geniculate nucleus: A comparison of cat and monkey (1979)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 35 (1979), S. 465-477 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cat ; Monkey ; Lateral geniculate nucleus ; Visual nondominant suppression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have studied the suppression of firing in single LGN cells of cat and monkey in response to visual stimulation of the nondominant eye. In the cat LGN most of the cells of each of the main laminae show this nondominat suppression. X cells having their dominant input from the ipsilateral eye were suppressed to a significantly greater degree than any other cell type in the cat LGN. In the monkey LGN nondominant suppression was absent in all 19 X-like cells studied, whereas 6 of 21 Y-like cells showed nondominant suppression. Thus nondominant suppression is present in the magnocellular laminae of the monkey LGN, where the Y-like cells are found, but appears to be absent from the parvocellular laminae, where the X-like cells are found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236765
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermosensory defects after cervical spinal cord lesions in the cat (1979)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 35 (1979), S. 479-494 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Thermosensitivity ; Lesions ; Spinal cord ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The behavioural thermosensitivity of cat paws was examined before and/or after restricted uni- and/or bilateral lesions had been made in the spinal cord between the first and fifth cervical segments. Unilateral lesions of the lateral funiculus, which involved at least its whole width at the level of the central canal, reproducibly were found to interfere with the contralateral sensitivity for temperature increases and/or decreases. No corresponding thermosensory deficiencies were found after unilateral lesions involving the ventral spinal quadrant or the dorsal funiculus. Various bilateral and combined lesions were made, but no cat ever developed thermoanaesthesia. The bilateral lesions included bilateral transections of: the middle parts of the lateral funiculi, the dorsal halves of the lateral funiculi, the dorsal funiculi, and the ventral spinal half. Most of our knowledge about peripheral behavioural thermosensitivity after spinal cord injury is based on observations of human patients, especially after anterolateral chordotomies. The present finding of contralateral thermosensory deficiencies after lesions of the middle part of the lateral funiculus fits with some of the clinical reports. The present failure to cause thermoanaesthesia, on the other hand, is inconsistent with the theory of a single ascending spinal pathway for behavioural thermo-sensitivity, which has emanated mainly from the clinical observations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236766
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of visual responses in two pretectal nuclei and in the superior colliculus of the cat (1979)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 35 (1979), S. 495-510 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Pretectal nuclei ; Superior colliculus ; Visual response pattern ; Retinal input types ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Single unit recordings from 220 units were obtained from the nuclei praetectalis anterior (NPA) and posterior (NPP) of 30 immobilized, anesthetized cats. Quantitative analysis of pretectal (PT) visual activity was mainly based on recordings from the NPP. For comparison, 160 collicular (CS) neurons were studied. A strong sensitivity for moving objects was evident in both samples. The following main types of PT activity were categorized: (A) slow movement, direction-selective units (21%); (B) slow movement, nondirection-selective units (19%); (C) units nonselective for stimulus velocity and direction (24%); (D) jerk movement selective, nondirection-selective units (36%). Latency measurements following single shocks to optic chiasm (OX) and tract (OT) showed mainly slow conducting fiber input to the PT and CS which can be divided into two different groups by conduction properties and synaptic delay: direct W-input and delayed W-input. Fast Y-fiber input of both types, direct and indirect, was recorded at both sites, PT and CS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236767
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hypercomplex cell types in area 18 of the cat (1979)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 36 (1979), S. 191-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Hypercomplex cells ; Area 18 ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Single unit recording has revealed the same orientation sensitive cell classes in cat area 18 as are to be found in area 17. These include particularly the various types of hypercomplex cell belonging to the S, C, and B cell families.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238477
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activity of ventrolateral thalamic neurons in relation to a simple reaction time task in the cat (1979)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 36 (1979), S. 285-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: VL nucleus ; Single units ; Reaction time ; Movement initiation ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Unrestrained cats performed ballistic forelimb flexion movements triggered by an auditory stimulus (CS) on a simple reaction time (RT) paradigm. During the variable foreperiod the subject was required to hold down a lever and to release it on presentation of the CS. The RTs ranged from 200 to 300 ms. The activity of single neurons of the ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus (VL) was recorded bilaterally. More than 40% of the 166 units recorded in the VL contralateral to the performing limb presented, after the CS, changes of activity with a latency less than 100 ms and were classified into three types: (1) Twenty-five units had a short latency transient increase of activity 10 to 30 ms after the CS, followed by a longer increase or decrease in activity. Short latency increase as well as subsequent increase of the firing rate were not correlated to the RTs. (2) Twenty-nine units showed a 40–60 ms latency increase of activity which lasted long enough to continue during the forelimb movement. These units displayed a correlation between the RTs and the mean firing rate measured in the 40–100 ms period after the CS. The more the cells were activated, the shorter the RTs. (3) Fifteen units presented a reciprocal pattern of discharge with respect to the type (2) units. The firing rate decreased with latencies ranging from 20 to 90 ms after the CS. Only 14,5% of the 96 units recorded in the VL ipsilateral to the performing limb presented changes of activity starting in the 100 ms period following the CS. Background firing levels as well as phasic activity were rather low compared to those observed contralaterally. Sixteen units showed burst activity while the cat was performing but burst pattern was not time-related to the task. In an unconditioned animal, a very low level of activity and an absence of modulations were observed in both VLs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238912
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
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    The role of maturation and visual experience in the development of eye alignment in cats (1979)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 37 (1979), S. 41-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Eye alignment ; Cat ; Visual experience ; Maturation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the developing kitten, the alignment of the pupils changes from strongly divergent to almost parallel. The visual axes, however, seem to stay almost parallel throughout this period. The influence of early visual experience on this development is examined in the present study. The results suggest that the development of eye alignment is not controlled by visual experience, but depends on maturational processes, and that normal visual input serves only to halt these processes at the appropriate time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01474252
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    14C-Deoxyglucose mapping of orientation subunits in the cats visual cortical areas (1979)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 37 (1979), S. 609-613 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Orientation subunits ; Visual cortex ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The orientation domain in the cortical visual areas of anesthetized cats has been investigated by employing the 14C-Deoxyglucose technique (Sokoloff et al., 1977). Orientation subunits (OS) are seen in the first (V1), the second (V2) and the third visual area (V3) as well as in the visual areas of the suprasylvian sulcus. In the latter regions OS are less elaborated than in V1, V2, and V3. The OS are continuous through all cortical layers; in V1 however, only weak label is detected in layer 4C. In V1, V2, and V3 the width of the OS is about 0.4 mm and the average distance between two OS centers is 0.9 mm. The spatial pattern of the OS seems to be more regular in the visual field periphery than in regions representing the vertical meridian.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236828
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  • 24
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    Electronic Resource
    The effects of splanchnic nerve stimulation on the plasma levels of serotonin and substance P in the portal vein of the cat (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 46 (1979), S. 105-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Cat ; electrical stimulation ; serotonin ; splanchnic nerves ; substance P
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The blood levels of serotonin (5-HT) and substance P (SP) in the portal vein were studied after splanchnic nerve stimulation in the cat. The portal levels of both substances were studied before, during and after splanchnic nerve stimulation. There was a twofold increase in 5-HT during stimulation whilst the SP concentration remained unchanged. These results suggest that the nervous control of the amine release into the portal stream and the mechanism that regulates the release of the polypeptide is not the same.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01250332
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brain-stem responses of the cat and interaural attenuation (1979)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 222 (1979), S. 113-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Brain-stem electric response (BSER) ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The early auditory evoked responses have been studied in bilaterally hearing cats, and in animals with hereditary unilateral anacusis. Cross-over stimulation of the hearing ear occurs at an interaural attenuation of 50-50 dB, and all six waves of the responsare present at supra-threshold stimulus levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00469750
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Types of thalamo-cortical relay neurons in the anteroventral nucleus of the cat (1979)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 196 (1979), S. 175-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Thalamo-cortical projection ; Anteroventral nucleus ; HRP retrograde transport ; Golgi impregnation ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neurons displaying a thalamo-cortical projection were marked by means of the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP), and the labeled elements were compared with neurons impregnated by the Golgi technique. Injections of HRP into the posterior area of the limbic cortex resulted in its uptake by various anterior thalamic nuclei, especially the anteroventral nucleus. HRP-positive cells are characterized by their position, dendritic orientation, and the shape and size of their somata. On the basis of the combined HRP- and Golgi-analysis three different types of thalamo-cortical relay neurons can be distinguished.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236358
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  • 27
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    A combined horseradish peroxidase and Golgi study on the afferent connections of the ventrobasal complex of the thalamus in the cat (1979)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 199 (1979), S. 529-538 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Thalamus ; Horseradish peroxidase ; Golgi-impregnation ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Afferent connections to the ventrobasal complex (VB) of the thalamus were studied by means of retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and by the Golgi-method. After HRP-injection into the VB, peroxidase-positive cells were observed contralaterally in the dorsal column nuclei (DCN), in the trigeminal nuclei and in the lateral cervical nucleus (LCN), and ipsilaterally in the somatosensory I (SI) and II (SII) cortical areas. Labeled cells of different shape and size were compared with neurons impregnated by the Golgi-technique. On the basis of HRP-labeling it is concluded that cells projecting to the VB are different in size and shape even within one region and that they correspond to the relay or efferent neurons observed in the Golgimaterial.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236088
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  • 28
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    Immunocytochemical identification of vasopressinergic and oxytocinergic neurons in the hypothalamus of the cat (1979)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 196 (1979), S. 117-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Vasopressin neurons ; Oxytocin neurons ; Immunocytochemistry ; Magnocellular neuroendocrine system ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Our immunocytochemical investigation of the magnocellular neuroendocrine cells in the cat hypothalamus reveals a mixture of vasopressin (VP)- and oxytocin (OT)-containing neurons in the supraoptic (NSO), the paraventricular (NPV) and in five accessory nuclei (NAC). We describe the lateral hypothalamic nucleus (NLH), a new accessory nucleus, lying at the junction of the internal capsule and pallidum, and possibly involved in drinking behavior. Previously characterized incompletely in mammals, the four other accessory nuclei consist of the circularis (NC), anterior fornical (NAF), posterior fornical (NPF) and retrochiasmatic (NRC). The two peptidergic cell types, VP and OT, are equally mixed in the NPV and the NAC, but in the NSO VP neurons predominate. The perikarya of these VP and OT neurons do not show distinct morphological differences at the level of light microscopy. The organization of magnocellular neurosecretory neurons in the cat hypothalamus closely resembles that described in other mammals with the exception of the unique presence of the lateral hypothalamic accessory nucleus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236352
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    Analyse von technischem Diphenylolpropan (Dian) durch Schnelle FlüssigchromatographieVorgetragen auf der Hauptjahrestagung der Chemischen Gesellschaft der DDR v. 23. bis 25. 11. 1977 in Dresden. (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 13-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Analysis of Technical Diphenylolpropane (Bisphenol A) by High-performance Liquid ChromatographyA method for the investigation of technical 2,2-bis-(4′-hydroxyphenyl)-propane (bisphenol A) by high-performance liquid chromatography is described. Microspherical silicagel in unmodified (adsorption) and C16-modified form (reversed phase) was used as support. It has been found that supports with small particle sizes (5 μm) achieve their optimum efficiency only when they possess an adequately narrow optimum particle size distribution.The investigations were carried out using a self-made apparatus. Details concerning an UV-cell being insensitive to gas bubbles as well as a differential refractometer, which can be disassembled, are presented.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19793210104
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    Steric Effects in the STOBBE Condensation of 3,4-Disubstituted Acetophenones with Dimethyl Methylsuccinate (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 65-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Sterische Effekte in der STOBBE-Kondensation von 3,4-disubstituierten Acetophenonen mit Dimethyl-methylsuccinatDie Kondensation von 3,4-Dimethyl-, 3,4-Dimethoxy- und 3,4-Dichloracetophenon mit Dimethylsuccinat in Gegenwart von Kalium-t-butylat lieferte in jedem Fall ölige Gemische der stereoisomeren Halbester 1 und 2. Während die (E)-Halbester 1 zu den entsprechenden 1-Acetoxy-3-nahpthoesäureestern 5 cyclisiert werden konnten, ergaben die (Z)-Halbester 2 unter den gleichen Bedingungen die entsprechenden 3-Oxo-inden-2-(α-subst.)-essigsäuren 7.Das Isomerenverhältnis wird mit sterischen Wechselwirkungen in den γ-Lacton-Zwischenprodukten 8 erklärt.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19793210108
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    Die Reaktion von α,β-Dihalogen-propionitrilen mit monosubstituierten Hydrazinen - einfache Synthese 1-substituierter 3- bzw. 5-Amino-pyrazole (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 93-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Reaction of α,β-Dihalogeno-propionitriles with Monosubstituted Hydrazines  -  A Simple Synthesis of 1-Substituted 3- or 5-Amino-pyrazolesIn methanol hydrazines 3, and α,β-dihalogeno-propionitriles 1, 2 even at 0°C irreversibly yield 3 · HX, and α-halogenoacrylonitriles 4, 5 (A1). Fast addition of alkyl- and aralkyl- hydrazines 3 to 4, 5 (C) gives 1-substituted 1-(2′-halogeno-2′-cyan-ethyl)-hydrazines 6, the addition of arylhydrazines 3 to 4, 5 (D) 1-aryl-2-(2′-halogeno-2′-cyan-ethyl)-hydrazines 8. In methanol 6 spontaneously cyclise (E) to hydrogen halides 7 · HX of 1-alkyl- and 1-aralkyl-3-amino-pyrazoles, 8 with 2 moles of acids (F) to salts 10 · 2HY of 1-aryl-4-halogeno-5-imino-pyrazolidines, and the free 10 spontaneously (G) to hydrogen halides 9 · HX of 1-aryl-5-amino-pyrazoles. Mechanisms (A1), (C), (D), (E), (F), and (G) are proved by t.l.c., 1H-n.m.r., and isolation of intermediates, the structures of 7 resp. 9, using the significant 1H-n.m.r.-parameter ΔHMPTCDCl3. Simple general syntheses are described for 3-amino-pyrazoles 7 (R = H, alkyl, aralkyl) or 5-amino-pyrazoles 9 (R = aryl) starting with α,β-dihalogeno-propionitriles 1, 2, and for α-bromo-acrylonitrile 5.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19793210112
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    Identifizierung und Bestimmung von Nebenprodukten der Acrylnitrilsynthese (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 137-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Identification and Determination of Byproducts of the Acrylonitrile Synthesis
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19793210120
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    Synthesis of Hexa-coordinated Ketimine Derivatives of Germanium(IV) (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 141-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthese von hexakoordinierten Ketiminderivaten des Germanium(IV)
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19793210121
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    Improved Synthesis of 4,6-Diamino-2-nitro-m-xylene by Reduction of 2,4,6-Trinitro-m-xylene (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 175-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Verbesserte Synthese von 4,6-Diamino-2-nitro-m-xylen durch Reduktion von 2,4,6-trinitro-m-xylen
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19793210127
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    Quantenchemische Untersuchung der Cycloaddition von Phenol an Phenylcyanat als Beispiel für das Studium von MO-Korrelationsdiagrammen im Falle der Abwesenheit von Symmetrieelementen im Übergangskomplex (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 186-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Quantum Chemical Investigation of the Cycloaddition of Phenol to Phenylcyanate as an Example for the Study of M.O. Correlation Diagrams of Systems without Symmetry Elements in the Transition State.There is experimental evidence, that the N-monomethylaniline-catalyzed addition of phenol to phenylcyanate proceeds via a six-membered, cyclic transition state, in which N-mono-methylaniline is involved, whose presence as a catalyst is necessary. In the present work is investigated by quantumchemical considerations, whether an analogy can be found between this reaction and a symmetry-allowed [2 + 4]cycloaddition of π-systems. Using the CNDO/2-method an energy curve has been calculated, having only a small activation barrier. The wavefunctions at some points of the reaction coordinate have been localized to bond orbitals, which are then taken into some linear combinations. These do not show any change of their nodal behaviour at points belonging to the starting resp. to the final state of the reaction. This shows, that the above mentioned analogy is valid. For the [2 + 2]cycloaddition in absence of the catalyst, on the contrary, the energy curve shows a very high activation energy, and the nodal behaviour of the combined localized orbitals is changed on passing from the starting to the final state.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19793210203
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    Massenspektroskopie von Naturstoffen. I. Vergleichende Anionen-Kationen-Massenspektroskopie von 2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosylestern (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 243-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mass Spectroscopy of Natural Compounds. I.Comparative Investigation of Anion-Cation Mass Spectra of 2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl EstersThe electron attachment mass spectra (anion mass spectra) of 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl esters with different structures of the acids are discussed and compared with the corresponding electron impact spectra. In contrast to the cation mass spectra the molecular ion peak appears in all the anion mass spectra.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19793210209
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    Über die Säuren HOOCCH(SX)CH(SX)COOH (X = CH2COOH, C6H5) und ihre Methylester (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 267-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Acids HOOCCH(SX)CH(SX)COOH (X = CH2COOH, C6H5) and their Methyl EstersThe acids HOOCCH(SX)CH(SX)COOH with X = CH2COOH and C6H5 and their methyl esters have been prepared by addition of thiols to acetylene dicarboxylic acid as salt and methyl ester. The structures and configurations have been discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19793210212
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    Synthese von 3 verkürzten, mehrfach durch Ala substituierten Analogen der Insulin-B-Kette in geschützter Form (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 308-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis of 3 Shortened, Repeatedly by Ala Substituted Analogues of the Insulin B Chain in Protected FormStarting from the previously described fragments of the insulin B chain with native or partielly modified amino acid sequence, the 3 terminal shortened, additionally in several positions by Ala respectively in position 6 by Val substituted analogues B1-27(Ala9, Ala10, Ala27), B4-27-(Ala4, Ala9, Ala10, Ala27) (1) and B4-27(Ala4, Val6, Ala9, Ala10, Ala27) were prepared in protected form.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19793210217
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    Zum Extraktionsverhalten langkettiger Alkansulfonate (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 323-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Concerning the Extractive Behaviour of Long-chain Alkanesulphonates
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19793210220
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  • 40
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    Synthesis of Some New Fluorine Containing Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 341-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Potentiell psychopharmakologische Verbindungen. II. Synthese einiger neuer fluorhaltiger Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19793210224
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    K. Weissermel, H.-J. Arpe: Industrielle Organische Chemie - Bedeutende Vor- und Zwischenprodukte. 1. Aufl., XII, 378 S., 20 Klapptafeln, 32 Tab., 24,5 × 18 cm. Weinheim, New York: Verlag Chemie, 1976. Leinen, 68,-DM (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 350-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19793210228
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    Synthese von Triorgano-amido-arsen-, -antimon- und -wismut-halogenidenHerrn Prof. Dr. Günter Hilgetag zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmet (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 370-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis of Triorgano-amido-arsenic-, -antimony- and -bismuthhalidesThe preparation of some triorgano-amido-metalhalides by addition of various N-haloamides to organometallic compounds of the type R3M (M = As, Sb, Bi) in polar aprotic solvents under mild conditions is described. The properties of these derivatives are studied. In solution equilibriums of triorgano-amido-antimonyhalides, the corresponding dihalides, and diamido compounds are existing, as we proved by 1H-n.m.r.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19793210304
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    Zur Photochromie von ortho-Nitrobenzylpyridinen in unterkühlter Schmelze (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 404-406 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photochromism of the o-Nitrobenzylpyridines in Supercooled Melts2-(2′, 4′-dinitrobenzyl)-pyridines 1 a-g and 4-(2′,4′-dinitrobenzyl)-pyridine 2 form supercooled melts which are photochromic on u.v.-irradiation. The photochromism and the kinetic stability of the coloured form in supercooled melts are quite different from the behaviour in ethanolic solution. The differences are explained on the basis of a polymethin constitution of the coloured form.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19793210308
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  • 44
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    Cyclisierungsreaktionen von 1-[2-Amino-1-cyan-2-thio-]ethylen-pyridiniumbetainen (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 429-436 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Cyclization Reactions of 1-[2-amino-1-cyano-2-thio-]ethenepyridinium Ylides1-[2-Amino-1-cyano-2-thio-]ethene-pyridinium ylides 1 can be alkylated with methyliodide or α-haloesters and α-haloketones, respectively, to form 1-[2-alkyl(aryl)amino-1-cyano-2-methylthio-ethene-1]pyridinium iodides 2a--e or 1-[2-alkyl(aryl)-amino-1-cyano-2-alkoxy(aryl)-carbonylmethylthio-ethene-1] pyridinium salts 3a-f. With the exception of 3a-b the compounds 3 or 1 react with haloketones to yield 1-[4-amino-2-alkyl-(aryl)amino-5-benzoyl-thiene-3]pyridinium salts 4a-m or 3-alkyl-4-aryl-2-(1-cyano-1-pyridinium)methylene-Δ4-thiazoline salts 5a-f.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19793210312
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  • 45
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    Desaktivierungsverhalten von Arenen und Heteroarenen. XVII. Löschung der Fluoreszenz von Kationen durch Anionen (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 420-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Deactivation Behaviour of Arenes and Heteroarenes. XVII. Fluorescence Quenching of Cations by AnionsFluorescence quenching, caused by cation-anion interaction in the excited state, was investigated for the combinations of 13 acridinium and acridizinium ions (fluorophors) and chloride, bromide and iodide (quenchers). The obtained dependence of rate constants of dynamic quenching process on the acceptor properties of cations in the case of chloride is interpreted by the model of electron transfer in the encounter state. The resulting limit-rate constants of quenching are greater than those of diffusion of neutral molecules, caused by the Coulomb-interaction between cation and anion.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19793210311
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  • 46
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    Propellanes. I. 3,6,10,13-Tetrathia(4,5,11,12-trans-dicyclohexano)-(6,6,1)propellane (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 437-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Propellane. I. 3,6,10,13-Tetrathia(4,5,11,12-trans-dicyclohexano)-(6,6,1)propellanDurch Reaktion des 1,1,2,2-Tetrabrommethylcyclopropans mit trans-1,2-Dimercaptocyclohexan wurde die tricyclische Verbindung 1 mit Propellan-Struktur erhalten. Die Struktur dieser Verbindung wurde mit Hilfe spektroskopischer Daten und der Fragmentierung der Massenspektren ermittelt. Für die beiden achtgliedrigen Ringe wird eine “twist-crown” Konformation vorgeschlagen. Die Oxidation des (6,6,1)Propellans 1 führt zu dem entsprechenden Tetrasulfon, in dem der Cyclopropan-Ring erhalten bleibt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19793210313
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    MO-LCAO-Berechnungen an Polymethinen. XI Lokale spektrale Anregungen in polynuclearen CyaninfarbstoffenX. Mitt.: H. Hartmann, J. Signalaufzeichnungsmaterialien, im Druck; IX. Mitt.: [1]. (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 449-465 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: MO-LCAO Calculations on Polymethines. XI. Local Spectral Excitations in Polynuclear Cyanine DyesVarious branched-conjugated cyanine dyes display long-wavelength absorption bands similar in position to those of their straight-chain substructures. According to the analysis of results of PPP-type calculations this close similarity results from a partial localization of the electronic transitions, whereas the participating electronic states are highly delocalized. The long-wavelength absorptions of symmetrically-branched trinuclear cyanine dyes have an entire molecular chromophore origin resulting from twofold degenerate electronic transitions. Lowering of the symmetry brings about a splitting of the colour-band.In contrast to the branched-conjugated cyanine dyes various tetranuclear cyanine dyes can be considered as being composed of two subchromophores either directly linked or joined through a conjugative bridge. In accordance with PPP configuration analyses and LHM-type calculations the splitting of the colour band is best understood by composite-molecule approaches. In this context the applicability of the simple molecular exciton theory is discussed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19793210315
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    Transformation of 4-Hydroxy-5-Nitro-4,5-Dihydrothymine under Alkaline ConditionsArbeitsvorschriften und Meßergebnisse. This work was partly supported by International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, under Contract 1691-RB. (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 513-515 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Umwandlung von 4-Hydroxy-5-nitro-4,5-dihydrothymin unter alkalischen Bedingungen
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19793210321
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  • 49
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    Studies on ylides: Reaction of N-Phenacylpyridinium Bromide with Aromatic Diazonium Salts (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 519-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Untersuchungen an Yliden: Reaktion von N-Phenacylpyridiniumbromiden mit aromatischen Diazoniumsalzen
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19793210323
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  • 50
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    Isostere Adsorptionswärme des Ethans an Zeolithen vom Typ NaX und NaY (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 541-543 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Isosteric Heat of Adsorption of n-Ethane on Zeolites NaX and NaYUsing a volumetric method isotherms of adsorption of ethane on zeolites NaX and NaY were measured. The Clausius-Clapeyron equation was used to calculate the isosteric heat of adsorption of the paraffin on both molecular-sieves. These enthalpies show a linear dependence of the amount of adsorbed molecules. The zeolite with the higher charge density shows a larger heat of adsorption. The difference in the heat of adsorption is explained by adsorption on different centers in the cavity of both zeolites.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19793210404
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    Die Reaktion von E-ß-Nitro-styrolen mit Pyrazolidon-(3)-azomethiniminen - eine nicht-cisoide 1,3-dipolare Cycloaddition (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 555-564 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Reaction of E-ß-Nitro-styrenes with 3-Pyrazolidone-azomethinimines - a Non-cisoid 1,3-Dipolar CycloadditionNormal flipping at both ring-N-atoms postulated, the thermal addition of E-β-nitro-5a or E-(4-chloro-β-nitro)-styrene 5b to 3-pyrazolidone-azomethinimine-1,3-dipoles 4a or 4b formally can yield 8 isomeric pairs of enantiomers, 4 of which are “permitted”(cisoid) and 4 of which are “forbidden” according to the concerted [π4s + π2s]-mechanism. If the addition of 5 to 4 is regiospecific, 2 “permitted”(cisoid) (1 and 6) and 2 “forbidden”(3 and 10) isomers are conceivable. From pure 5a and 4a we regiospecifically got 1ref,3trans-diphenyl-2cis-nitro-6a (75%) and 1ref,3trans-diphenyl-2trans-nitro-5-oxo-perhydropyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol 10a (25%), from 5b and 4b the corresponding bis(4-chloro-phenyl)-isomers 6b and 10b. The sodium salts 8a, b, gained from 6a, b and 10a, b, are identical. With H⊕ (D⊕) in water (D2O) 8a, b give 6a, b (2-deutero-6a, b = 7a, b). The 1H-n.m.r. spectra of 6a, b, 7a, b, 8a, b, 10a, b, and of the 2-amino-isomers 11a/12a, corresponding to 6a/10a, are discussed.For the first time products of a non-cisoid 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (10a, b) were isolated. In the discussion (E ⇌ Z)-isomerization of 5a, and conceivable mechanisms of isomerizations 6a → 10a are excluded. Theoretical consequences are suggested.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19793210407
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    Die Charakterisierung der strahlungslosen Desaktivierung des ersten Singulett-Anregungszustandes von N-Methylacridon mittels Triplett-sensibilisierter (E) → (Z)-Photoisomerisierung von (E)-Stilben (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 587-600 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Characterization of the Radiationless Deactivation of the Lowest Excited Singlet State of N-Methylacridone by Means of the Triplet Sensitized (E) → (Z) Photoisomerization of (E)-StilbeneThe (E) → (Z) isomerization of (E)-stilbene photosensitized by N-methylacridone (A) has been studied under anaerobic conditions at 298 K in dependence on the solvent as well as the concentration of iodoethane as heavy atomquencher. For the experimental conditions the quantum yield of the triplet-triplet energy transfer 3A* → 3E* is unity and the photoreaction is homogenous.The ISC quantum yield of the sensitizer N-methylacridone was determined from the initial slopes of the plotted concentration-time functions in the solvents methanol, N-methylformamide, acetonitrile, dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, benzene and tetrachloromethane, respectively. The comparison of the ISC quantum yields ψisc and the quantum yields of fluorescence ψf indicate that ψf + ψisc = 1 is true for the used solvents; the IC process is negligible.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19793210411
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    Kristallin-flüssige Thiazole (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 643-654 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Liquid Crystal ThiazolesThe synthesis of 2,4- and 2,5-disubstituted thiazoles is described and their melting and clearing points are investigated. The influence of the thiazole ring system on the formation of crystalline-liquid phases is discussed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19793210417
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    Modellrechnungen zum Gegenioneneinfluß auf die kationische Polymerisation; Geometrieoptimierung und Verhalten gemischter Halogenoantimonate SbClnBr-6-n (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 665-670 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Model Calculations on the Counterion Effect in the Cationic Polymerization; Geometry Optimization and Behaviour of the Mixed Halogenoantimonates SbClnBr-n-6.The CNDO/2 method including geometry optimization with respect to the energy has been applied to calculate the structure and the electronic properties of the complex anions SbClnBr-6-n. Independently on the composition of the anions the bond lengths Sb-X (X = Cl, Br) remain those of the pure antimonates.The HOMOs are delocalized over the ligand sphere. They mainly contain components of Br and are lifted by increasing Br amount. The LUMOs have central atom character and are lowered by Br. Charge distribution and Wiberg bond indices indicate extra easy cleavage of the Sb-Br bond if Cl holds a trans position to Br. The computed data agree with spectral properties, the acceptor behaviour and the decay trend of the antimonates SbClnBr-6-n.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19793210419
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    Reaktionen offenkettiger und cyclischer Keten-S,S-acetale gegenüber Aminen (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 699-703 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reactions of Open Chain and Cyclic Ketene-S,S-acetales with Amines
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19793210426
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    Masthead (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19793210501
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    Halogenlipide. III. Alkyl-glyceryl-ether-Analoga (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 775-786 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Halogenolipids. III. Alkyl Glyceryl Ether AnaloguesSynthesis of the halogeno analogues of alkyl glycerol ether, 3-fluoro-1-O-hexadecyl-(octadecyl)-propane-1, 2-diol, 2-fluoro-1-O-hexadecyl(octadecyl)-propane-1, 3-diol, 2-chloro-1-O-hexadecyl-propane-1,3-diol and 3-fluoro-2-O-hexadecyl-propane-1,2-diol, which are of interest as potential cytostatic agents, is described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19793210509
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    Synthesis of N-(Formylphenyl)- and N-(Acetophenyl) Derivatives of Urea and Carbamic Acid (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 804-812 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthese von N-(Formylphenyl)- und N-(Acetophenyl) Derivaten des Harnstoffs und der CarbaminsäureAminobenzaldehyde und Aminoacetophenone reagieren in Gegenwart von tertiären Aminen, z. B. Pyridin oder Triethylamin, mit Alkylchloroformiaten und Alkylisocyanaten zu den entsprechenden N-(Formylphenyl)- und N-(Acetophenyl)-Derivaten des Harnstoffs 2a-p bzw. der Carbaminsäure 1a-u. Aminobenzaldehyde und Aminoacetophenone reagieren nicht mit N,N-Dialkylcarbamoylchloriden.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19793210512
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    Anwendung von Relaxationsreagenzien in der quantitativen 13C-NMR-Spektroskopie (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 859-864 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Application of Relaxation Reagents in the 13C-NMR Quantitative AnalysisIn 13C-PFT-n.m.r. spectrum, the intensities of different signals become almost equal on adding Cr(acac)3 as a relaxation reagent. An intensity ratio precisely corresponding to the number of the adjacent carbon atoms can be reached only with infinitely high concentrations of Cr(acac)3. By means of a linearized function, it is possible to give an extrapolation to this infinitely high concentration. In this way, a quantitative 13C-n.m.r. analysis can be obtained routinely. The method does not require calibration, the standard deviation amounts to about 10% (rel.).
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19793210517
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    J. Ulbricht, Grundlagen der Synthese von Polymeren, 260 S., 59 Abb., 39 Tab., Berlin: Akademie-Verlag 1978. Leinen,25, - M (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 878-878 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19793210521
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    Allgemeine Synthesen und rationelle Strukturparameter isomerer Derivate von [3,4]-kondensierten Pyrazolen (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 881-898 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: General Syntheses and Rational Parameters for Structural Assignment of Isomeric Derivatives of [3,4]-fused Pyrazoles4 isomeric 1- or 2-methyl-, and 1- or 2-benzyl-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridones, i.e. the 4-oxo-types 17a, b or 11a, b and the 6-oxo-types 16a, b or 10a, b, are synthesized unambiguously. Cyclisation of 1-substituted 3- or 5-(1-methyl-2-ethoxycarbonyl-vinylamino)-pyrazoles 9a, b or. 15a, b, which were synthesized from 1-substituted 3- or 5-amino-pyrazoles and ethyl acetoacetate yields 11a, b or 17a, b in downtherm, but 10a, b or 16a, b in presence of acidic catalysts. The acidic cyclisation is preceded by a new rearrangement of 9 or 15 into 1- substituted 3- 27 or 5-amino-4-(1-methyl-2-ethoxycarbonyl-vinyl)-pyrazoles 30; mechanism and concurring reactions are explained. Because of their higher electron densities at C-4 it is easier to cyclise derivatives of 5-amino-pyrazoles compared to 3-amino-pyrazoles. All isomeric 1- or 2-substituted 4(6)-chloro-6(4)-methyl-pyrazolo-[3,4-b]pyridines are formed with POCl3 from the corresponding oxo-compounds.The position of a substituent at N-1 or N-2 of [3,4]-fused pyrazoles can be assigned using the significant 1H-n.m.r.-parameter ΔHMPTCDCL3 = δCDCl3  -  - δHMPT (conc. HC - 3). If solvent influences are considered, δ(C = O) is a useful 13C-n.m.r.-parameter to distinguish the 4-oxo-types (11a, b; 17a, b) from the 6-oxo-types (10a, b; 16a, b) of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridones. Further own and lit. dates conc. structural assignment (n.m.r., i.r., u.v.) are discussed critically.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19793210602
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    New possibilities of applying of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane for the synthesis of self-extinguishing and thermo-resistant polyurethane or polyurea resins (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 921-927 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Neue Möglichkeiten zur Verwendung von 1,1,1-Trichlor-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethan für die Darstellung von selbstlöschenden und wärmebeständigen Polyurethan- und PolyharnstoffharzenEs werden Reaktionen zur Darstellung von 1,1,1-Trichlor-2,2-bis(4-chlor-3-aminophenyl)ethan, 1,1-Dichlor-2,2-bis(4-chlor-3-isocyanatophenyl)ethylen und 1,1,1-Trichlor-2,2-bis(4-chlor-3,5-diaminophenyl)ethan aus 1,1,1-Trichlor-2,2-bis(4-chlorphenyl)ethan beschrieben. Die Polyadditionsprodukte der Diisocyanate mit Diolen und Diaminen werden durch Derivatographie charakterisiert.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19793210606
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    Massenspektren alicyclischer Verbindungen. VI. Massenspektrometrisches Fragmentierungsverhalten von Chloressigsäurediestern des trans-1,4-Cyclohexandiols (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 953-958 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mass Spectra of Alicyclic Compounds. VI. Mass Spectrometric Fragmentation of Chloroacetic Esters of the trans-1,4-CyclohexanediolThe electron impact mass spectra of some chloroacetic esters of trans-1,4-cyclo-hexanediol and of cyclohexanol are discussed.It was found that the fragmentation process in these compounds is determined by the number of chlorine atoms in the acid and the interactions between the two functional groups.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19793210610
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    Chemische Synthese der Oligonucleotide dpG-A-T-A-T-C, dpG-A-T-C-T-T-T-T und dpT-T-T-C-A-T-C-A-T (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 987-999 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Chemical Synthesis of the Oligonucleotides dpG-A-T-A-T-C, dpG-A-T-C-T-T-T-T and dpT-T-T-C-A-T-C-A-TFor studies of some sequence dependent structural factors the oligonucleotides dpG-A-T-A-T-C, dpG-A-T-C-T-T-T-T and dpT-T-T-C-A-T-C-A-T were required. Their chemical synthesis is reported according to the diester method.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19793210614
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    Zur Reaktion von o-Halogenbenzylcyaniden mit Schwefelkohlenstoff und Phenylisothiocyanat (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 1021-1028 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reaction of o-Halobenzyl Cyanides with Carbon Disulfide and Phenyl IsothiocyanateStarting from o-halobenzyl cyanides 1 and carbon disulfide in the presence of sodium hydride dithiolates 3 are prepared, which are not isolated. Alkylation under cooling gives ketene S, S-acetals 4, while on heating at 100°C benzo[b]thiophenes 6 are obtained. Nitrile cyclisation yields thieno[2, 3-b]benzothiophene 7. Reaction of 1 with phenyl isothiocyanate/sodium hydride and subsequent alkylation leads to the ketene S, N-acetals 13 und to the thiazolidines 15.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19793210618
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    Reactions with acetonedicarboxylic dianilides. I. Reactions at the Carbonyl Group (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 1047-1052 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reaktionen mit Acetondicarbonsäure-Dianiliden. I. Reaktionen an der Carbonylgruppe
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19793210622
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    Finite element and conjugate gradient methods for a nonlinear optimal heat transfer control problem (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1851-1863 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The boundary control problem of optimal heating of an infinitely long slab with tempertue-dependent thermal conductivity, subjected to a convection and radiation boundary condition, is analysed by numerical methods.In order to reformulate the optimal control problem of distributed parameter systems as a mathematical programming problem of finite dimension, a space, co-ordinate is discretized by use of the finite element method, while the Runge-Kutta method is utilized for time integrations. Finally, the performance index of the optimal control problem is minimized by the conjugate gradient method of optimization.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620141207
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    Call for papers (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1879-1879 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620141212
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    Announcements (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1875-1878 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620141211
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    A new finite element technique for the analysis of steady viscous flow problems (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 103-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A new finite element technique for two-dimensional viscous incompressible fluid flow problems is presented in this paper. The vorticity transport equation is integrated in a small control volume, which results in the conservation law of vorticity. The finite element technique is applied to this equation together with the continuity equation, where simple linear triangular elements with three nodes are used for the formulation. Resulting sets of algebraic equations are solved by the use of a kind of relaxation method. Numerical results for viscous flow past a cavity show good agreement with experimental results.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140108
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    Who was ‘-Raphson’? (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 148-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140112
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    A theoretically improved and easily implemented version of the Ahmad Thick Shell element (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 125-142 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An implementation of the Ahmad Thick Shell element using vector manipulation, reduced integration and the incorporation of the missing term in the approximating polynomial is presented. The first two aspects are merely applications. The theory is presented elsewhere6,7,11,18 and will not be repeated for the sake of conciseness. The third aspect was achieved by adding to the original nodal configuration a central node having only one degree-of-freedom. That node is then eliminated to preserve the original number of degrees-of-freedom.The Ahmad thick shell element is adequately presented in finite element literature.1-3 The co-ordinate definition and the displacement field are retained and will not be dealt with henceforth. However, a different concept of the strain definition due to Irons is used and the bending terms are included in the modulus matrix.The element like all second generation isoparametric elements is easily implemented through a shape function subroutine suitable for quadrilaterals. It reproduces exactly rigid body motion for any combination of elements of any geometry even for elements withcurved sides and variable thickness. Although Ahmad's thick shell element passed the patch test for unequal parallelograms but not for quadrilaterals the version presented passes that test for quadrilaterals.In spite of its credentials, the new version denoted by A has a major setback. the presence of one too many spurious mechanism is reported.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140110
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    Letters to the editor (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 153-155 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140113
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    Application of quasi-linearization to studies on diffusioin flames (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 143-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A method by which the numerical difficulties that one encounters while attempting to solve the differential equations which describe a diffusion flame can be circumvented is the quasi-linearization technique. Application of this method in conjunction with difference approximations transforms the equations into tri-diagonal matrices which can be inverted by the Thomas method. Since this is an iterative method initial profiles are generated by employing Burke-Schumann kinetics. This method is found to be superior to the marching techiques that are frequently used in the analyses of diffusion flames.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140111
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    Masthead (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140201
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    Erratum (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. I 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140202
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  • 77
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    Finite element discretization of open-type axisymmetric elements (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 159-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A series of open-type elements which are compatible with axisymmetric thin shell elements have been dervied. These elements allow the effects of intermediate openings and discrete support systems for rotational shells to be realistically modelled in the dynamic regime. Also, consistent load vectors for several common cases are derived.The availablility of these elements in a public domain computer program enhances the possibility for modelling systems which are basically axisymmetric but which include intermediate or end supports using a rotational shell code.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140203
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  • 78
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    A simple and efficient finite element for general shell analysis (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 179-200 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A simple, efficient and versatile finite element is introduced for shell applications. The element is developed based on a degeneration concept, in which the displacements and rotations of the shell mid-surface are independent variables. Bilinear functions are employed in conjunction with a reduced integration for the transverse shear energy. Several examples are tested to demonstrate the effectiveness and versatility of the element. The numerical results indicate that the shell element performs accurately for both thick and thin shell situations.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140204
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    A numerical method for the determination of optimal surface temperatures of steel ingots (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 227-233 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A numerical method is presented for the determination of control temperatures to be applied to the surface of a steel ingot to induce a predetermined temperature distribution within the ingot. The one-dimensional case of an infinite plate is considered and the problem converted to one of static optimization which is then solved using a partial quadratic interpolation technique.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140207
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    A simply implemented two dimensional Shockley-Poisson solver with applications to CCD (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 251-269 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A numerical method for the solution of the two dimensional Shockley-Poisson equation is presented and applied to the analysis of MOS devices. This SOR-Newton method is compared to Gummel's algorithm in two dimensions and shown to be more easily implemented. Application of the resulting code to interelectrode effects in charge coupled devices is given as an example.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140209
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    A shock capturing application of the finite element method (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 271-286 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The finite element method is employed for the calculation in Cartesian co-ordinates of uniform flow on a rectangular region which encounters an embedded oblique shock with known turning angle. A modified form of the code so developed is used to obtain preliminary results concerning finite element performance in the calculation of viscous recirculating flow with embedded weak shocks.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140210
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    More on distorted isoparametric elements (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 290-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140212
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    LORA - an accurate four node stress plate bending element (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 296-306 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A simple and accurate four-node quadrilateral plate-bending element based on stress assumptions is presented. Initial theremal strains and transverse shear stresses are included. The derivation is straightforward and without gimmicks and no numerical integration is necessary. The element behaves well for a wide range of aspect ratios with excellent convergence characteristics. The element is now being used in a practical warped configuration and with anisotropic material properties in the Lockheed-California Company NASTRAN system.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140214
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    Matrix computations for engineers and scientists, Aland Jennings, Wiley, Chichester, 1977. No. of pages 346, price £10.50 (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 312-312 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140216
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    Comment on ‘static analysis of diaphragm-supported cylindrical shells using a curved finite strip’ by D. J. DaweInt. J. Num. Meth. Engng, 11, 1347-1364 (1997). (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 307-311 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140215
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    Statistical methods for engineers and scientists, A. C. Bajpai, I. M. Calus and J. A. Fairly, Wiley, Chichester, 1978. No. of pages 444, price £5.95 (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 313-313 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140217
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    Call for papers (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 313-314 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140218
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    Announcement (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 315-315 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140219
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    Masthead (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140301
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    Announcements (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. i 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140302
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    Finite element incremental contact analysis with various frictional conditions (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 337-357 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The use of contacting components such as gear teeth in mesh and shrink-fitted shafts is very common in engineering practice. This paper deals with the development of a theoretical method which gives a solution for non-linear contact problems with irreversibility resulting from stick-slip phenomenon.The method is based on the finite element method and load incremental theory. The geometrical and the statical boundary conditions on contact surfaces are treated as additional conditions being independent of stiffness equations. As a result, the algorithm of calculation is simplified and only a part of the simultaneous equations related to the contact surfaces is required to be solved instead of the overall stiffness equations at each step. Furthermore, the magnitude of load causing a change in a contact condition of one contact nodepair is taken as a load increment, in analogy with the incremental iterative procedure for elastic-plastic problems. Therefore, the method provides a general and efficient method for analysis and design of such problems.As illustrative examples, the stick-slip behaviour of turbo-alternator end-bells and other problems are discussed. The calculated results show a reasonable agreement with experimental data and other solutions.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140304
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    Checking the topological consistency of a finite element mest (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1805-1812 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Algorithms are described for checking the topological consistency of two- or three-dimensional meshes. Two-dimensional meshes may include mixtures of triangles, quadrilaterals and other polygons with optional edge or centre nodes; three-dimensional meshes may include mixtures of cuboids and tetrahedra with optional edge; sie or internal nodes.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620141205
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  • 93
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    Dynamics of rotationally periodic structures (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 81-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The paper considers the finite element analysis of the free, undamped and the forced damped vibrations of rotationally periodic structures. Associated with every natural frequency (except for those for which the deflection is the same at corresponding points on every substructure) there are a pair of orthogonal mode shapes, with eigenvectors {u} and {ü}. The complex vector {z}={u}+i{ü} is also an eigenvector of the equations of motion, and represents a rotating normal mode. The deflection of one substructure has the same amplitude as, and a constant phase difference from the deflection of the preceding substructure. It is therefore possible to analysse the complete structure by considering only one substructure, and applying appropriate complex constraints at its boundary with the following substructure, so as to and applying appropriate complex constrainsts at its boundary with the following substructure, so as to impose this phase difference. The method has been implemented in a computer program and is illustrated by analyses of an alternator end winding, a cooling tower with legs, and a wheel of turbine blades.For forced vibration, it is shown that any arbitrary oscillatory force can be decomposed into a series of rotating forces. For any one of these rotating components, there is a fixed relationship between the amplitude and phase of the force acting on one substructure, and that acting on an adjoining substructure. This relationship, which does not involve any approximation, can be used to enable a series of calculations of the response of one substructure to be performed instead of one on the whole structure. A series of calculations on an individual substructure normally requires much less computer time and storage than a single calculation on the complete structure.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140107
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  • 94
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    An optimization procedure for stress concentrations by the finite element technique (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 115-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Load-free notch surfaces of bodies made of a linear-elastic, homogeneous, isotropic material are optimized within given variation domains by means of an interation procedure so that the occurring maximum tangéntial stress is reduced to a minimum. The hypothesis of a constant tangential stress distribution for obtaining minimal notch stresses proposed by R. V. Baud has been confirmed by means of the Fade-away Law of the notch stress theory. The finite element method is applied for calculating the displacement and stress field of the styructure. An increment procedure is used for determing the displacement field after every iteration step, which permits the calculation of the displacement quantities with sufficient accuracy in a single step. Numerical solutions and their comparison with analytical solutions and stress results obtained with the aid of photo-elasticity confirm the usefulness of this procedure. The known optimization methods1,2 differ from those used in the present paper.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140109
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  • 95
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    A hybrid integral-equation method for steady two-dimensional ship waves (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 317-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper presents a novel integral-equation technique for solving the steady-state wave-resistance problem. The free-surface condition is linearized, but the body condition is satisfied exactly. An integral relation describing the flow inside an arbitrarily truncated internal region is first obtained by applying Green's Theorem, using only the simple source function for an infinite fluid. The internal flow is next matched with eigen expansions in the upstream and downstream outer regions. The radiation condition can be satisfied exactly simply by a proper choice of the solution form in these outer regions. The method is applied to investigate flows about both lifting and non-lifting two-dimensional bodies. Agreement with existing results is excellent. The present formulation provides a simple yet rational basis for tackling the practical three-dimensional ship-wave problem, in which past workers have encountered considerable difficulties using a complicated free-surface Green function.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140303
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  • 96
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    Restricted range adaptive curve fitting (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 379-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In this paper we present an algorithm for adaptively computing smooth piecewise polynomial approximations using restricted range uniform approximations on a finite point set. We also present several numerical examples and offer suggestions for the effective use of this algorithm. We have found the algorithm to be effective for approximating a wide class of functions, either with or without significant levels of noise. Furthermore, since the user of this algorithm actually defines tolerance bands within which the approximation will lie, the algorithm allows the user a great deal of flexibility and control over the shape of the resulting approximations.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140306
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  • 97
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    Hybrid-stress models for elastic-plastic analysis by the initial-stress approach (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 359-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Two alternative numerical methods are presented, based on the assumed-stress hybrid finite element model and the initial-stress approach, for the elastic-plastic small-deflection analysis of structures under static loading. The use of the initial-stress approach results in a set of simultaneous linear algebraic incremental equations to be solved at each loading step, with the elastic stiffness matrix remaining unchanged throughout the loading process and the effects of plasticity included as equivalent element loads. The derivation of these alternative methods differs in the assigning of the incremental stress which satisfies equilibrium; in one case it is the actual stress increment while in the other it is a fictitious stress increment. An equilibrium imbalance correction is included in each of these methods to prevent drifting of the solution during the incremental process. Example solutions are presented which demonstrate the accuracy of the two methods and permit comparisons of the relative efficiencies of the two methods.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140305
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  • 98
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    Families of consistent conforming elements with singular derivative fields (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 409-421 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Families of two-and three-dimensional finite elements are constructed for use in modelling fields with singular derivatives. The elements are complete over linear fields, conform with regular elements, and are easily programmed. A low order exact quadrature rule is also derived for element stiffness calculations.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140307
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  • 99
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    On the use of the total scalar potential on the numerical solution of fields problems in electromagnetics (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 423-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The paper summarizes the formulation of a set of computer algorithms for the solution of the three-dimensional non-linear Poisson field problem. Results are presented that were obtained by applying algorithms to the analysis of two-dimensional magnetostatic fields. Scalar and vector potentials were used, and it is shown that the convenient single valued scalar potential associated with the induced sources gives severe accuracy problems in permeable regions. The results become as good as those obtained using vector potential if the scalar potential associated with the total field is used for permeable regions. The combination of two scalar potentials has a significant advantage for three-dimensional problems.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140308
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  • 100
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    An improved method for contouring on isoparametric surfaces (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 451-458 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A general non-linear interpolation procedure for contouring on any isoparametric surface was presented in a previous article. The method used standard isoparametric interpolation functions and a predictor method for tracing element contour lines. The method presented here extends the previous work by using a predictor-corrector method to trace element contour lines, thereby making the contouring algorithm more accurate.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140310
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