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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ; Human immunodeficiency virus ; Leishmania donovanii ; Visceral leishmaniasis ; Kala-azar ; Intestinal pathogens ; Kaposi's sarcoma ; Parasites ; Parasitic pathogens ; Interferon-γ
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) affecting HIV-infected patient is being reported in increasing frequency. A 40-year-old German bisexual patient with full-blown AIDS is described who presented with Kaposi's sarcoma, epigastric pain, diarrhea, and weight loss but without fever.Leishmania amastigotes were initially found in biopsies from stomach, duodenum, and a cutaneous Kaposi's sarcoma lesion but were later also recovered from bone marrow and lymph node. The patient received three courses of a combination of pentavalent antimony and interferon-γ. In addition to the common side effects such as fever, thrombocytopenia, and elevated amylase and lipase, a vivid progression of the Kaposi's sarcoma was noted. Tumor progression was temporally closely associated with treatment with interferon-γ. Because this phenomemon has also been observed in other patients, we advise caution when using interferon-γ in patients with Kaposi's sarcoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 66 (1988), S. 817-827 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Diabetes mellitus ; Cyclosporine ; Toxicity ; Risk factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Renal biopsy specimens of 40 patients with recent-onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus treated with cyclosporine (CSA) for 6–29 months were examined. Cyclosporine-associated chronic vascular interstitial toxicity of moderate intensity was found in 10 patients (25%). The most prominent lesions were interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy. Arteriolopathy was less pronounced and glomerular damage unremarkable. A significant correlation exists between the extent of tubular atrophy and CSA trough whole blood levels. These data indicate that the development of CSA-associated chronic nephropathy is dose-dependent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 71 (1993), S. 807-807 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Myocardial infarction ; Hodgkin's disease ; Radiation therapy ; Chemotherapy ; Splenectomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Among a total of 2147 patients admitted to our hospital for acute myocardial infarction between 1978 and 1987, three young patients aged 24, 29, and 39 years had previously been treated for Hodgkin's disease. Staging laparotomy, including splenectomy, had been performed in all three patients. Two patients had both mediastinal irradiation (21 and 27 months before infarction) and chemotherapy. In the first patient, postmortem histologic examination of the coronary arteries revealed fibrotic changes, which were probably induced by radiotherapy. In our second patient, myocardial infarction developed 5 days after vinblastine treatment; early angiography showed thrombotic occlusion of the proximal right coronary artery, which was recanalized using the diagnostic Sones catheter. Subsequent angiography revealed normal coronary arteries. This is, to our knowledge, the first case of documented coronary artery thrombosis after treatment with vinca-alkaloids. In our third patient, neither mediastinal irradiation nor chemotherapy had been performed prior to myocardial infarction. However, a marked increase in platelet counts following splenectomy was observed in this patient. The role of radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and splenectomy with consecutive thrombocytosis as a third possible pathogenic factor for subsequent development of myocardial infarction is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Cyclosporin ; minimal change nephrotic syndrome ; focal segmental glomerulosclerosis ; children
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a pilot study 23 children with nephrotic syndrome were treated with cyclosporin A (Cs) for 6–45 months. 8 children suffered from steroid dependent minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) and had experienced at least one course with cytotoxic drugs, but had relapsed thereafter. 2 children had diabetes mellitus type I with nephrotic syndrome and 13 children had steroid resistant focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Cs was started with 100 mg/m2/day in two doses and increased stepwise to obtain a Cs whole blood trough level of 200–400 ng/ml. In steroid dependent MCNS treatment with Cs reduced relapse rate significantly, and prednisone therapy could be stopped completely. After discontinuation of Cs, relapses reoccurred as frequently as before. Renal function remained unimpaired despite repeated Cs treatment courses up to 38 months. In cases of nephrotic syndrome with diabetes type I Cs treatment led to complete remission without changing the insulin requirement. However, after discontinuation of Cs relapses reoccurred. In steroid resistant FSGS 6 children benefited from Cs treatment: 4 went into complete remission, 2 into partial remission. The 2 children with complete remission relapsed but remained Cs responsive. The remaining 7 children with FSGS did not respond to Cs but continued the course of their disease, with two patients rapidly progressing to terminal renal failure. Side-effects of Cs treatment were mild. It is concluded that Cs is an effective agent in steroid dependent MCNS and can be used as an alternative drug in specific cases like steroid toxicity or diabetes mellitus. In steroid resistant FSGS a trial with Cs seems to be warranted since some cases do respond favorably. To avoid nephrotoxicity treatment with Cs should always be monitored closely by determination of blood levels and renal function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 63 (1985), S. 967-977 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Drug treatment ; Chronic glomerulonephritis ; Prospective controlled therapeutic trials ; Medikamentöse Behandlung ; Chronische Glomerulonephritis ; Prospektive kontrollierte Therapiestudien
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Pathogenese und Mechanismen der Progression chronischer Glomerulonephritiden (GN) sind bisher nicht geklärt. Dennoch gibt es erfolgversprechende, prospektive, kontrollierte Therapie-Studien sowie neue Therapie-Ansätze. So wurden beispielsweise Patienten mit idiopathischermembranöser GN monatlich mit Chlorambucil (0,2 mg/kg/Tag) oder Prednison (0,6 mg/kg/Tag) im Wechsel über sechs Monate behandelt. Im Vergleich zu den unbehandelten zeigte sich bei den behandelten Patienten innerhalb von drei Jahren ein günstiger Verlauf der Nierenfunktionsparameter. In einer anderen Studie erhielten Patienten mitmembrano-proliferativer GN Typ I über ein Jahr täglich 975 mg Aspirin und 225 mg Dipyridamol. Bei den behandelten trat im Gegensatz zu den nichtbehandelten Patienten eine Stabilisierung der Nierenfunktion und eine Normalisierung der vorher beschleunigten Thrombozyten-Überlebensrate ein. In einer weiteren kontrollierten Therapie-Studie wurde gezeigt, daß die Langzeit-Prognose derdiffus-proliferativen Lupus-Nephritis (Typ IV WHO) besser ist, wenn eine kombinierte Behandlung mit Cyclophosphamid (100 mg/Tag) und Prednison (30 mg/Tag) über mehrere Monate erfolgt als eine alleinige Prednison-Behandlung (40 mg/Tag). Dagegen gibt es bisher bei einigen Formen der chronischen GN, z.B. derIgA-Nephritis, noch keine Evidenz für eine Therapie, die den Verlauf der Nephritis entscheidend beeinflussen kann. Neuere Therapie-Ansätze, wie die Gabe von Cyclophosphamid (über drei Monate) oder von Cyclosporin A beiglomerulärer Minimal-Läsion mit steroid-abhängigem nephrotischen Syndrom, werden in Therapie-Studien überprüft. Einige kontrolliert durchgeführte Untersuchungen weisen darauf hin, daß die Progression der chronischen GN durch eine Diät mit geringem Proteingehalt günstig beeinflußt werden kann. Der Einfluß von Eicosanoiden und deren Inhibitoren auf den Verlauf chronischer GN, speziell der glomerulären Sklerosierung, ist bisher noch nicht ausreichend untersucht worden. Insgesamt ist eine Entwicklung zu einer zunehmend differenzierten medikamentösen Behandlung der chronischen GN festzustellen, die generell durch die Bereitschaft zu einem aktiven therapeutischen Vorgehen unterstützt werden sollte.
    Notes: Summary This paper sets out the arguments for drug treatment of chronic glomerulonephritides (GN). Although the pathogenesis and mechanism of progression of chronic GN remained to be clarified, on the basis of controlled studies performed to date, there is a strong case to be made for an aggressive treatment approach to this disease spectrum. For instance, in patients with idiopathicmembranous glomerulonephritis a six months treatment with chlorambucil (0.2 mg/KG/day) or prednisone (0.6 mg/KG/day) each given once a day over a period of three months has recently been shown to improve the outcome of the renal functional parameters after three years follow up. In another controlled trial a daily dose of 225 mg dipyridamole and 975 mg aspirin given over 12 months in patients withmembrano-proliferative GN type I has been reported to normalize the increased platelet consumption rate and to stabilize the glomerular filtration rate. A third trial has demonstrated that the combined use of cyclophosphamide (100 mg/day) and prednisone (30 mg/day) over several months was superior to the use of prednisone alone (40 mg/day) in improving the long-term prognosis ofdiffuse-proliferative lupus nephritis (type IV, WHO). In some entities, however, as in IgA-nephritis there is still no evidence for a specific treatment improving the course of the chronic glomerular disease. Other therapeutic problems have to be solved: thus, in patients withminimal change nephropathy with a steroid dependent nephrotic syndrome the benefit of cyclophosphamide (given over three months) or of cyclosporin A is still being investigated. Furthermore, there is some evidence that progression of chronic GN, particularly that of glomerular sclerosing, can be prevented by a low protein diet. The role of eicosanoides and their inhibitors in this context has not yet been fully investigated. The different drug trials and new therapeutic concepts indicate a rapid development of chronic GN treatment. Therefore, a failure to treat actively is difficult to understand.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Volume depletion ; Renovascular hypertension ; Renin-angiotensin-system ; Blood pressure ; Prostaglandins ; Extrazelluläre Volumenrestriktion ; Renovasculäre Hypertonie ; Renin-Angiotensin-System ; Blutdruck ; Prostaglandine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei normotensiven und renal hypertensiven Ratten, die kochsalzarm oder kochsalznormal ernährt wurden, wurde der Effekt des Cyclooxygenasehemmers Indomethacin (3,4 mg/kg/24 h) auf den systolischen Blutdruck und die Plasma-Renin-Aktivität untersucht. Indometacin reduzierte die Plasma-Renin-Aktivität in kochsalzarm und kochsalznormal ernährten, normotensiven und hypertensiven Tieren. Darüberhinaus erniedrigte Indomethacin den systolischen Blutdruck in salz-arm ernährten Ratten, erhöhte jedoch den Blutdruck in salz-normal ernährten Tieren. Diese Befunde lassen vermuten, daß der Effekt von Indomethacin auf den Blutdruck von Ratten vom Extrazellulärvolumen und der Plasma-Renin-Aktivität abhängt.
    Notes: Summary The effect of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (3.4 mg/kg/24 hr) on systolic blood pressure (PB) and plasma-renin-activity (PRA) was evaluated in normotensive and renovascular hypertensive rats receiving either a normal or low salt diet. Indomethacin reduced PRA in normal and hypertensive animals on both low and normal salt intake. Indomethacin furthermore, decreased BP in animals on low sodium diet but increased PB in sodium repleted rats. These data suggest that the effect of indomethacin on rat BP may depend on the state of extracellular volume and PRA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 146 (1998), S. 1044-1049 
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Mukoviszidose ; Proteinurie ; Glomerulonephritis ; AA-Amyloidose ; Kolchizin ; Key words Cystic fibrosis ; Proteinuria ; Glomerulonephritis ; AA-Amyloidosis ; Colchicine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Background: Prognosis in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) has changed in the last years due to improved therapeutical strategies. Nephrological complications including secondary AA-amyloidosis and IgA-nephropathy are reported in literature linked with increased lifespan of CF-patients. Patients: 5 Patients developed proteinuria without erythrocyturia between the age of 24 and 40 years. Kidney biopsy demonstrated secondary AA-amyloidosis in 3 patients, and IgA-nephropathy and membraneous glomerulonephritis in the others. Proteinuria in patients with glomerulonephritis decreased spontaneously, but the course of amyloidosis patients was unfavourable. One died due to end stage renal failure 4 years after diagnosis of amyloidosis; in the second treatment with colchicine for 32 months prevented nephrotic syndrome and renal insufficiency, but later he died due to pulmonnary infectious complications. The 3rd patient with biopsy-proven amyloidosis developed severe nephrotic syndrome and gastrointestinal symptoms within 6 months and he died due to pulmonary insufficiency and exhaustion. Conclusions: Chronic inflammation and duration of the disease are well known risk factors for the development of reactive systemic amyloidosis. Periodical urinanalysis especially in adult patients is necessary, and early kidney biopsy in CF-patients with unexplained proteinuria is recommendable. Colchicine therapy may have a beneficial effect in patients with biopsy proven amyloidosis.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Hintergrund: Die Prognose von Patienten mit Mukoviszidose hat sich in den letzten Jahren deutlich gebessert. Mit zunehmendem Lebensalter wird gehäuft über nephrologische Komplikationen, v.a. über IgA-Glomerulonephritiden und über die Entwicklung der sekundären Amyloid-A-Amyloidose (AA-Amyloidose) berichtet. Patienten: Wir berichten über 5 Patienten, die im Alter zwischen 24 und 40 Jahren eine Proteinurie ohne Erythrozyturie entwickelten. Bei 3 Patienten wurde bioptisch eine sekundäre Amyloidose, bei den beiden anderen eine IgA-Nephropathie und eine membranöse Glomerulonephritis nachgewiesen. Bei den Patienten mit Glomerulonephritis war die Proteinurie ohne therapeutische Maßnahmen rückläufig; bei Diagnose einer Amyloidose waren die Verläufe ungünstig. Ein Patient starb 4 Jahre nach Amyloidosenachweis an terminaler Niereninsuffizienz, ein weiterer Patient wurde 32 Monate lang mit Kolchizin behandelt. Ein nephrotisches Syndrom und eine Niereninsuffizienz konnten verhindert werden; der Patient verstarb jedoch an einer durch einen pulmonalen Abszeß ausgelösten Sepsis. Der 3. Patient entwickelte ein schweres amyloidbedingtes nephrotisches Syndrom und eine Magen-Darm-Amyloidose innerhalb von 6 Monaten. Er starb an schwerer Kachexie und pulmonaler Insuffizienz. Schlußfolgerungen: Bedeutsame Risikofaktoren für die Entstehung einer sekundären AA-Amyloidose sind anhaltend hohe Entzündungsaktivität und Dauer der Erkrankung. Daher sollte v.a. bei älteren Mukoviszidosepatienten auf die routinemäßige Urindiagnostik geachtet werden. Bei ersten Anzeichen einer Proteinurie ist frühzeitig zur differentialdiagnostischn Abklärung eine Nierenbiopsie durchzuführen, denn die Proteinurie kann sowohl Folge einer Glomerulonephritis als auch Symptom einer Amyloidose sein. Beim Nachweis einer Amyloidose ist eine Kolchizinbehandlung zu diskutieren, denn Patienten mit dem Vollbild einer Amyloidose haben eine schlechte Prognose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Perimembranous glomerulonephritis ; Glomerular amyloidosis ; Therapy with D-penicillamine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The results of electron microscopic examination of renal biopsies from 3 patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with penicillamine are presented. All 3 patients developed a nephrotic syndrome upon discontinuation of penicillamine therapy. When viewed with the electron microscope, segmental forms of perimembranous glomerulonephritis (Stages I–II of Ehrenreich and Churg) and glomerular renal amyloidosis Grade I–III were observed. In all three cases the nephrotic syndrome was considered to be due to the simultaneous occurrence of the two disease processes. In 2 cases perimembranous glomerulonephritis with immuno-complex-deposits was assumed to be the dominant factor in the causation of the disease, in the other case amyloidosis was the principle abnormality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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