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  • 2005-2009  (35)
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  • 1
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    Barrier methods for a control problem from hyperthermia treatment planning (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2019-01-29
    Description: We consider an optimal control problem from hyperthermia treatment planning and its barrier regularization. We derive basic results, which lay the groundwork for the computation of optimal solutions via an interior point path-following method. Further, we report on a numerical implementation of such a method and its performance at an example problem.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 2
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    Transparent boundary conditions for Maxwell's equations: Numerical concepts beyond the PML method (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-09
    Description: Optical technologies are ubiquitously used in hi-tech devices. As a common feature of such devices one finds structures with dimensions in the order of the wavelength of the used light. To design and produce such devices, the wave nature of light must be taken into account. Accordingly, robust simulation tools are required which are based on rigorously solving Maxwell's equations, the governing equations of light propagation within macroscopic media. This thesis contributes to the modeling and the numerical computation of light scattering problems: Light scattering problems are typically posed on the entire space. The Perfectly-Matched -Layer method (PML) is widely used to restrict the simulation problem onto a bounded computational domain. We propose an adaptive PML method which exhibits a good convergence even for critical problems where standard PML implementations fail. Besides the computation of the near field, that is the electromagnetic field within the computational domain, it is of major interest to evaluate the electromagnetic field in the exterior domain and to compute the far field. So far, this was numerically only possible for simple geometries such as homogeneous exterior domains or layered media. To deal with more complicated devices, for example with waveguide inhomogeneities, we develop an evaluation formula based on the PML solution which allows for an exterior domain field evaluation in a half space above the device. Finally, we generalize the PML method to problems with multiply structured exterior domains. The term “multiply structured exterior domain” is defined in this thesis and means that the exterior domain exhibits several half-infinite structures. Mathematically, this gives rise to various complications. For example, no analytical solutions to Maxwell's equations for standard light sources are available in the exterior domain, which are needed to describe the incoming field in a light scattering problem. To tackle this we propose a new light scattering problem formulation which fits well into the PML method framework and which may be regarded as an extension of classical contributions by Sommerfeld, Wiener and Hopf. An exterior domain evaluation formula for multiply structured exterior domains with an extended illumination is derived as well.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: doctoralthesis , doc-type:doctoralThesis
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  • 3
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    The Coolest Path Problem (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: We introduce the coolest path problem, which is a mixture of two well-known problems from distinct mathematical fields. One of them is the shortest path problem from combinatorial optimization. The other is the heat conduction problem from the field of partial differential equations. Together, they make up a control problem, where some geometrical object traverses a digraph in an optimal way, with constraints on intermediate or the final state. We discuss some properties of the problem and present numerical solution techniques. We demonstrate that the problem can be formulated as a linear mixed-integer program. Numerical solutions can thus be achieved within one hour for instances with up to 70 nodes in the graph.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    The MCF-Separator -- Detecting and Exploiting Multi-Commodity Flow Structures in MIPs (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2021-08-05
    Description: Given a general mixed integer program (MIP), we automatically detect block structures in the constraint matrix together with the coupling by capacity constraints arising from multi-commodity-flow formulations. We identify the underlying graph and generate cutting planes based on cuts in the detected network. Our implementation adds a separator to the branch-and-cut libraries of SCIP and CPLEX. We make use of the complemented mixed integer rounding framework (cMIR) but provide a special purpose aggregation heuristic that exploits the network structure. Our separation scheme speeds-up the computation for a large set of MIPs coming from network design problems by a factor of two on average.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 5
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    Veränderungen der Publikations- und Kommunikationswelt: Open Access, Google, etc. (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2020-12-11
    Description: Vorbemerkung Beim Schreiben dieses Artikels, der auf Veränderungen der Kommunikations- und Publikationstechniken und ihre Bedeutung hinweist, ist uns mehr als je zuvor bewusst geworden, wie beschränkt das Medium Papier ist. Es gibt z. B. keine Hyperlinks, durch die man unmittelbar das Erwähnte erleben oder überprüfen kann. Ein schneller Wechsel vom Wort zum Bild, zum Ton oder Video ist nicht möglich. Wer will schon lange URLs abtippen und Medienbrüche erleiden? Wir haben uns daher entschlossen, eine textidentische Version dieses Artikels mit allen URLs – sie liegt Ihnen hier vor – elektronisch anzubieten und in der für die "Gegenworte" (BBAW) gekürzten Fassung nur durch [URL] anzudeuten, dass der Leser an dieser Stelle einfach in der elektronischen Version einen Klick ins Internet machen sollte. Und damit sind wir bereits mitten im Thema.
    Keywords: ddc:020
    Language: German
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 6
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    Nonlinear pseudo-Boolean optimization: relaxation or propagation? (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2022-03-14
    Description: Pseudo-Boolean problems lie on the border between satisfiability problems, constraint programming, and integer programming. In particular, nonlinear constraints in pseudo-Boolean optimization can be handled by methods arising in these different fields: One can either linearize them and work on a linear programming relaxation or one can treat them directly by propagation. In this paper, we investigate the individual strengths of these approaches and compare their computational performance. Furthermore, we integrate these techniques into a branch-and-cut-and-propagate framework, resulting in an efficient nonlinear pseudo-Boolean solver.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 7
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    Ergebnisse aus dem BVB-KOBV-Entwicklungsprojekt "Literaturverwaltungsprogramme": Handreichung für Bibliotheken (2009)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-11
    Description: Zwischen dem Bibliotheksverbund Bayern (BVB) und dem Kooperativen Bibliotheksverbund Berlin-Brandenburg (KOBV) besteht seit Ende 2007 eine Strategische Allianz, die auf zwei Säulen beruht: einer langfristigen Entwicklungspartnerschaft einerseits und der Kooperation im Dienstleistungsbereich mit der Integration der Verbundkataloge andererseits. Ende 2008 wurde das erste Entwicklungsprojekt "Literaturverwaltungsprogramme" abgeschlossen, dessen Ergebnisse in dieser Handreichung in Form von Handlungsempfehlungen für Bibliotheken vorgestellt werden. Ziel des Projekts war es, den Datenaustausch zwischen den Bibliotheks- und Verbundkatalogen des BVB und KOBV und gängigen Literaturverwaltungsprogrammen zu optimieren. Neben Handlungsempfehlungen für die Implementierung neuer Exportschnittstellen und die Verbesserung bestehender Exportmöglichkeiten werden Hinweise auf verbesserte Nutzerführung gegeben. Die Empfehlungen beziehen sich vorwiegend auf den Datenaustausch zwischen den Bibliothekssystemen Aleph 500, MetaLib und WebOPAC/InfoGuide und den Literaturverwaltungsprogrammen Citavi, EndNote, RefWorks und Zotero.
    Keywords: ddc:020
    Language: German
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 8
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    Planning Problems in Public Transit (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: Every day, millions of people are transported by buses, trains, and airplanes in Germany. Public transit (PT) is of major importance for the quality of life of individuals as well as the productivity of entire regions. Quality and efficiency of PT systems depend on the political framework (state-run, market oriented) and the suitability of the infrastructure (railway tracks, airport locations), the existing level of service (timetable, flight schedule), the use of adequate technologies (information, control, and booking systems), and the best possible deployment of equipment and resources (energy, vehicles, crews). The decision, planning, and optimization problems arising in this context are often gigantic and “scream” for mathematical support because of their complexity. This article sketches the state and the relevance of mathematics in planning and operating public transit, describes today’s challenges, and suggests a number of innovative actions. The current contribution of mathematics to public transit is — depending on the transportation mode — of varying depth. Air traffic is already well supported by mathematics. Bus traffic made significant advances in recent years, while rail traffic still bears significant opportunities for improvements. In all areas of public transit, the existing potentials are far from being exhausted. For some PT problems, such as vehicle and crew scheduling in bus and air traffic, excellent mathematical tools are not only available, but used in many places. In other areas, such as rolling stock rostering in rail traffic, the performance of the existing mathematical algorithms is not yet sufficient. Some topics are essentially untouched from a mathematical point of view; e.g., there are (except for air traffic) no network design or fare planning models of practical relevance. PT infrastructure construction is essentially devoid of mathematics, even though enormous capital investments are made in this area. These problems lead to questions that can only be tackled by engineers, economists, politicians, and mathematicians in a joint effort. Among other things, the authors propose to investigate two specific topics, which can be addressed at short notice, are of fundamental importance not only for the area of traffic planning, should lead to a significant improvement in the collaboration of all involved parties, and, if successful, will be of real value for companies and customers: • discrete optimal control: real-time re-planning of traffic systems in case of disruptions, • model integration: service design in bus and rail traffic. Work on these topics in interdisciplinary research projects could be funded by the German ministry of research and education (BMBF), the German ministry of economics (BMWi), or the German science foundation (DFG).
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    Solving Steel Mill Slab Problems with Branch and Price (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: The steel mill slab design problem from the CSPLib is a binpacking problem that is motivated by an application of the steel industry and that has been widely studied in the constraint programming community. Recently, several people proposed new models and methods to solve this problem. A steel mill slab library was created which contains 380 instances. A closely related binpacking problem called multiple knapsack problem with color constraints, originated from the same industrial problem, were discussed in the integer programming community. In particular, a simple integer programming for this problem has been given by Forrest et al. [3]. The aim of this paper is to bring these different studies together. Moreover, we adopt the model of [3] for the steel mill slab problem. Using a state of the art integer program solver, this model is capable to solve all instances of the steel mill slab library, mostly in less than one second, to optimality. We improved, thereby, the solution value of 76 instances.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    On the Hardness of Finding Small Shortest Path Routing Conflicts (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: Nowadays most data networks use shortest path protocols such as OSPF or IS-IS to route traffic. Given administrative routing lengths for the links of a network, all data packets are sent along shortest paths with respect to these lengths from their source to their destination. One of the most fundamental problems in planning shortest path networks is to decide whether a given set of routing paths forms a valid routing and, if this is not the case, to find a small subset of the given paths that cannot be shortest paths simultaneously for any routing lengths. In this paper we show that it is NP-hard to approximate the size of the smallest shortest path conflict by a factor less than 7/6.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 11
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    A Binary Quadratic Programming Approach to the Vehicle Positioning Problem (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: The Vehicle Positioning Problem (VPP) consists of the assignment of vehicles (buses, trams or trains) of a public transport or railway company to parking positions in a depot and to timetabled trips. Such companies have many different types of vehicles, and each trip can be performed only by vehicles of some of these types. These assignments are non-trivial due to the topology of depots. The parking positions are organized in tracks, which work as one- or two-sided stacks or queues. If a required type of vehicle is not available in the front of any track, shunting movements must be performed in order to change vehicles' positions, which is undesirable and should be avoided. In this text we present integer linear and non-linear programming formulations for some versions of the problem and compare them from a theoretical and a computational point of view.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
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  • 12
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    Statistical Error Estimation and Grid-free Hierarchical Refinement in Conformation Dynamics (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2020-03-11
    Description: The understanding of geometric structures and dynamical properties of molecular conformations gives insight into molecular long-term behavior. The identification of metastable conformations together with their life times and transition patterns is the intention of conformation dynamics. Conformation dynamics is a multi-scale approach that leads to a reduced description of the dynamical system in terms of a stochastic transition probability matrix. The present thesis deals with the error analysis of computed matrices and the resulting matrix functions. Since conformational membership vectors, as they are computed by the Robust Perron Cluster Analysis (PCCA+), form an invariant subspace of the transition matrix, subspace-based error estimators are of particular interest. The decomposition of the state space into basis functions and the approximation of integrals by Monte-Carlo quadrature give rise to row-wise correlated random matrices, for which stochastic norms are computed. Together with an appropriate statistical model for the distribution of matrix rows, this allows for the calculation of error bounds and error distributions of the invariant subspace and other variables of interest. Equilibration of errors among the basis functions can be achieved by enhanced sampling in regions where the trajectories are mixing slowly. Hierarchical refinement of such basis functions systematically improves the clustering into metastable conformations by reducing the error in the corresponding invariant subspace. These techniques allow for an evaluation of simulation results and pave the way for the analysis of larger molecules. Moreover, the extension of PCCA+ to non-reversible Markov chains, verified by the corresponding perturbation theory, and the modification of the objective function for the case of soft membership vectors represent a further generalization of the clustering method, thus continuing the development from PCCA over PCCA+ to PCCA++. The methods developed in this thesis are useful for but not limited to conformation dynamics. In fact, they are applicable to a broader class of problems which combine domain decomposition with Monte-Carlo quadrature. Possible application areas may include the chemical master equation or quantum dynamical systems.
    Description: Das Verständnis von geometrischen Strukturen und dynamischen Eigenschaften molekularer Konformationen ist essentiell für die Vorhersage des Langzeitverhaltens von Molekülen. Die Identifikation metastabiler Konformationen sowie die Bestimmung von Übergangswahrscheinlichkeiten und Haltezeiten sind Bestandteil der Konformationdynamik. Dabei handelt es sich um eine Mehrskalenmethode, die auf eine reduzierte Beschreibung des Systems mittels einer stochastischen Übergangsmatrix führt. In der vorliegenden Dissertation wurde untersucht, wie man die Genauigkeit der Matrizen sowie der daraus berechneten Größen quantifizieren kann. Im Mittelpunkt stehen dabei Fehlerschätzer für den invarianten Unterraum, da die rechten Eigenvektoren als Grundlage der Robusten Perron Cluster Analyse (PCCA+) zur Identifizierung der metastabilen Konformationen dienen. Die Zerlegung des Zustandsraumes in Basisfunktionen sowie die Approximation der Matrixeinträge mittels Monte-Carlo-Quadratur führen zu zeilenweise korrelierten Zufallsmatrizen. Mit Hilfe einer stochastischen Norm sowie einem geeigneten statistischen Modell für die Verteilung der Matrixzeilen können u.a. Fehlerschranken und -verteilungen für den invarianten Unterraum brechnet werden. Eine Equilibrierung des Fehlers zwischen den Basisfunktionen kann durch erweitertes Sampling in solchen Regionen erreicht werden, in denen die Trajektorien nur langsam mischen.Eine hierarchische Zerlegung dieser Basisfunktionen verbessert systematisch die Zerlegung in metastabile Konformationen, indem sie den Fehler im invarianten Unterraum reduziert. Diese Techniken gestatten eine Evaluierung der Simulationsergebnisse und ebnen den Weg zur Behandlung komplexerer Moleküle. Desweiteren wurden Verallgemeinerungen der PCCA+ untersucht. Die Erweiterung der PCCA+ auf nicht-reversible Markov-Ketten sowie die Modifizierung der Zielfunktion für den Fall der weichen Clusterung setzen die Entwicklung von der PCCA über PCCA+ zu PCCA++ fort. Somit können neue Anwendungsfelder für dieses Cluster-Verfahren erschlossen werden. Die Methoden wurden zwar in Rahmen der Konformationsdynamik entwickelt, jedoch lassen sie sich auf eine weite Problemklasse anwenden, in der Gebietszerlegungsverfahren mit Monte-Carlo-Quadratur kombiniert werden. Mögliche Anwendungsgebiete umfassen die chemische Master-Gleichung oder quantenchemische Systeme.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: doctoralthesis , doc-type:doctoralThesis
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  • 13
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    A Set Partitioning Approach to Shunting (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: The Vehicle Positioning Problem (VPP) is a classical combinatorial optimization problem in public transport planning. A number of models and approaches have been suggested in the literature, which work for small problems, but not for large ones. We propose in this article a novel set partitioning model and an associated column generation solution approach for the VPP. The model provides a tight linear description of the problem. The pricing problem, and hence the LP relaxation itself, can be solved in polynomial resp. pseudo-polynomial time for some versions of the problems.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 14
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    Solving Large-scale Open Pit Mining Production Scheduling Problems by Integer Programming (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: Since the initial application of mathematical optimisation methods to mine planning in 1965, the Lerchs-Grossmann algorithm for computing the ultimate pit limit, operations researchers have worked on a variety of challenging problems in the area of open pit mining. This thesis focuses on the open pit mining production scheduling problem: Given the discretisation of an orebody as a block model, determine the sequence in which the blocks should be removed from the pit, over the lifespan of the mine, such that the net present value of the mining operation is maximised. In practise, when some material has been removed from the pit, it must be processed further in order to extract the valuable elements contained therein. If the concentration of valuable elements is not sufficiently high, the material is discarded as waste or stockpiled. Realistically-sized block models can contain hundreds of thousands of blocks. A common approach to render these problem instances computationally tractable is the aggregation of blocks to larger scheduling units. The thrust of this thesis is the investigation of a new mixed-integer programming formulation for the open pit mining production scheduling problem, which allows for processing decisions to be made at block level, while the actual mining schedule is still computed at aggregate level. A drawback of this model in its full form is the large number of additional variables needed to model the processing decisions. One main result of this thesis shows how these processing variables can be aggregated efficiently to reduce the problem size significantly, while practically incurring no loss in net present value. The second focus is on the application of lagrangean relaxation to the resource constraints. Using a result of Möhring et al. (2003) for project scheduling, the lagrangean relaxation can be solved efficiently via minimum cut computations in a weighted digraph. Experiments with a bundle algorithm implementation by Helmberg showed how the lagrangean dual can be solved within a small fraction of the time required by standard linear programming algorithms, while yielding practically the same dual bound. Finally, several problem-specific heuristics are presented together with computational results: two greedy sub-MIP start heuristics and a large neighbourhood search heuristic. A combination of a lagrangean-based start heuristic followed by a large neighbourhood search proved to be effective in generating solutions with objective values within a 0.05% gap of the optimum.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: masterthesis , doc-type:masterThesis
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  • 15
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    1D-Reduktion thermal signifikanter Aderstränge in der Hyperthermie-Modellierung (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2019-01-29
    Description: In dieser Arbeit wird ein neuer Ansatz zur Modellierung von thermal signifikanten Gefäßsträngen im Hyperthermie-Kontext betrachtet. Ausgehend von einer Konvektions-Diffusions-Gleichung wird durch Reskalierung des Massenflussterms eine Reduktion des Adergebietes auf eine 1D-Struktur erreicht. Nach numerischen Vorbetrachtungen wird die Grenzgleichung innerhalb einer verallgemeinerten Sobolev-Algebra formuliert. Die Untersuchung der Lösungsfamilie in klassischen Funktionenräumen zeigt, dass deren schwacher Grenzwert die Lösung der korrespondierenden Diffusions-Gleichung ist. Die Diskretisierung einer formalen Grenzgleichung mit Linienstromanteil stellt jedoch eine gute Approximation an die Diskretisierung des ursprünglichen Problems dar, wenn man die lokale Maschenweite an die Gefäßradien koppelt und bei erhöhtem Genauigkeitsbedarf auf ein vollständiges 3D-Modell umschaltet.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: German
    Type: masterthesis , doc-type:masterThesis
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  • 16
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    Undercover – a primal heuristic for MINLP based on sub-MIPs generated by set covering (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2022-03-14
    Description: We present Undercover, a primal heuristic for mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP). The heuristic constructs a mixed-integer linear subproblem (sub-MIP) of a given MINLP by fixing a subset of the variables. We solve a set covering problem to identify a minimal set of variables which need to be fixed in order to linearise each constraint. Subsequently, these variables are fixed to approximate values, e.g. obtained from a linear outer approximation. The resulting sub-MIP is solved by a mixed-integer linear programming solver. Each feasible solution of the sub-MIP corresponds to a feasible solution of the original problem. Although general in nature, the heuristic seems most promising for mixed-integer quadratically constrained programmes (MIQCPs). We present computational results on a general test set of MIQCPs selected from the MINLPLib.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
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  • 17
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    On sojourn times in M/GI systems under state-dependent processor sharing (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: We consider a system with Poisson arrivals and i.i.d. service times. The requests are served according to the state-dependent processor sharing discipline, where each request receives a service capacity which depends on the actual number of requests in the system. The linear systems of PDEs describing the residual and attained sojourn times coincide for this system, which provides time reversibility including sojourn times for this system, and their minimal non negative solution gives the LST of the sojourn time $V(\tau)$ of a request with required service time $\tau$. For the case that the service time distribution is exponential in a neighborhood of zero, we derive a linear system of ODEs, whose minimal non negative solution gives the LST of $V(\tau)$, and which yields linear systems of ODEs for the moments of $V(\tau)$ in the considered neighborhood of zero. Numerical results are presented for the variance of $V(\tau)$. In case of an M/GI/2-PS system, the LST of $V(\tau)$ is given in terms of the solution of a convolution equation in the considered neighborhood of zero. For bounded from below service times, surprisingly simple expressions for the LST and variance of $V(\tau)$ in this neighborhood of zero are derived, which yield in particular the LST and variance of $V(\tau)$ in M/D/2-PS.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
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  • 18
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    E-Learning and the Working Mathematician (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2020-12-11
    Description: Eigentlich war der erste Autor nur zu einem Grußwort zur Tagung „GML² 2009 - Grundfragen Multi¬medialen Lehrens und Lernens“ eingeladen. Daraus wurde ein E-Learning-bezogener Vortrag, der – basierend auf Erfahrungen im Fach Mathematik – einen kritischen Blick auf die E-Learning-Szene in Deutschland wirft und diese mit entsprechenden Aktivitäten weltweit vergleicht. Dies ist die in seinen mathematischen Teilen gekürzte, in den E-Learning-Anteilen ein wenig erweiterte schriftliche Fassung des Vortrags. Der Artikel stammt nicht von E-Learning-Spezialisten sondern von Personen, die sich seit fast zwanzig Jahren mit elektronischer Information und Kommunikation (kurz: IuK) – insbesondere in der Mathematik – beschäftigen. Nach einer Definition von Michael Kerres kennzeichnet der Begriff E-Learning (electronic learning – elektronisch unterstütztes Lernen) alle Formen von Lernen, bei denen digitale Medien für die Präsentation und Distribution von Lernmaterialien und/oder zur Unterstützung zwischenmenschlicher Kommunikation zum Einsatz kommen, siehe z.B. http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-Learning. IuK und E-Learning haben nach dieser Begriffsbildung viele Berührungspunkte. Deswegen wagen wir es, unsere positiven und negativen Erfahrungen im Bereich IuK in diesem Eröffnungsvortrag zu berichten, einige Entwicklungslinien zu vergleichen und eine eigene Kurzversion der Definition von E-Learning (besser E-Teaching and -Learning) voranzustellen: „Lehren und Lernen mit Unterstützung elektronischer Hilfsmittel“.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: German
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 19
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    Optimal Design of Survivable Multi-layer Telecommunication Networks (2009)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: Telecommunication transport networks consist of a stack of technologically different subnetworks, so-called layers, which are strongly interdependent. For example, one layer may correspond to an Internet (IP) backbone network whose links are realized by lightpath connections in an underlying optical fiber layer. To ensure that the network can fulfill its task of routing all communication requests, the inter-layer dependencies have to be taken into account already in the planning phase of the network. This is particularly important with survivability constraints, where connections in one layer have to be protected against cable cuts or equipment failures in another layer. The traditional sequential planning approach where one layer is optimized after the other cannot properly take care of the inter-layer dependencies; this can only be achieved with an integrated planning of several network layers at the same time. This thesis provides mathematical models and algorithmic techniques for the integrated optimization of two network layers with survivability constraints. We describe a multi-layer network design problem which occurs in various technologies, and model it mathematically using mixed-integer programming (MIP) formulations. The presented models cover many important practical side constraints from different technological contexts. In contrast to previous models from the literature, they can be used to design large two-layer networks with survivability requirements. We discuss modeling alternatives for various aspects of a multi-layer network and compare different routing formulations under multi-layer survivability constraints. We solve our models using a branch-and-cut-and-price approach with various problemspecific enhancements. This includes a presolving technique based on linear programming to reduce the problem size, combinatorial and sub-MIP-based primal heuristics to compute feasible network configurations, cutting planes which take the multi-layer survivability constraints into account to improve the lower bound on the optimal network cost, and column generation to generate flow variables dynamically during the algorithm. We develop techniques to speed up computations in a Benders decomposition approach and compare this approach to the standard formulation with a single MIP. We use the developed techniques to design large survivable two-layer networks by means of linear and integer programming methods. On realistic test instances with up to 67 network nodes and survivability constraints, we investigate the algorithmic impact of our techniques and show how to use them to compute good network configurations with quality guarantees. Most of the smaller test instances with up to 17 nodes can be solved to near-optimality. Moreover, we can compute feasible solutions and dual bounds even for large networks with survivability constraints, which has not been possible before.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: doctoralthesis , doc-type:doctoralThesis
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    On the Factorization of Simplex Basis Matrices (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: In the simplex algorithm, solving linear systems with the basis matrix and its transpose accounts for a large part of the total computation time. We investigate various methods from modern numerical linear algebra to improve the computation speed of the basis updates arising in LPs. The experiments are executed on a large real-world test set. The most widely used solution technique is sparse LU factorization, paired with an updating scheme that allows to use the factors over several iterations. Clearly, small number of fill-in elements in the LU factors is critical for the overall performance. Using a wide range of LPs we show numerically that after a simple permutation the non-triangular part of the basis matrix is so small, that the whole matrix can be factorized with (relative) fill-in close to the optimum. This permutation has been exploited by simplex practitioners for many years. But to our knowledge no systematic numerical study has been published that demonstrates the effective reduction to a surprisingly small non-triangular problem, even for large scale LPs. For the factorization of the non-triangular part most existing simplex codes use some variant of dynamic Markowitz pivoting, which originated in the late 1950s. We also show numerically that, in terms of fill-in and in the simplex context, dynamic Markowitz is quite consistently superior to other, more recently developed techniques.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
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    Computing expectation values for molecular quantum dynamics (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2020-03-11
    Description: We compute expectation values for the solution of the nuclear Schrödinger equation. The proposed particle method consists of three steps: sampling of the initial Wigner function, classical transport of the sampling points, weighted phase space summation for the final computation of the expectation values. The Egorov theorem guarantees that the algorithm is second order accurate with respect to the semiclassical parameter. We present numerical experiments for a two-dimensional torsional potential with three different sets of initial data and for a six-dimensional Henon-Heiles potential. By construction, the computing times scale linearly with the number of initial sampling points and range between three seconds and one hour.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
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  • 22
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    Extending a CIP framework to solve MIQCPs (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2022-03-14
    Description: This paper discusses how to build a solver for mixed integer quadratically constrained programs (MIQCPs) by extending a framework for constraint integer programming (CIP). The advantage of this approach is that we can utilize the full power of advanced MIP and CP technologies. In particular, this addresses the linear relaxation and the discrete components of the problem. For relaxation, we use an outer approximation generated by linearization of convex constraints and linear underestimation of nonconvex constraints. Further, we give an overview of the reformulation, separation, and propagation techniques that are used to handle the quadratic constraints efficiently. We implemented these methods in the branch-cut-and-price framework SCIP. Computational experiments indicates the potential of the approach.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
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  • 23
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    A Subspace Approach to Molecular Markov State Models via an Infinitesimal Generator (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-09
    Description: Supercomputers can simulate complex molecular systems. However, there is a very large gap between the fastest oscillations of covalent bonds of a molecule and the time-scale of the dominant processes. In order to extract the dominant time-scales and to identify the dominant processes, a clustering of information is needed. This thesis shows that only the subspace-based Robust Perron Cluster Analysis (PCCA+) can solve this problem correctly by the construction of a Markov State Model. PCCA+ allows for time-extrapolation in molecular kinetics. This thesis shows the difference between molecular dynamics and molecular kinetics. Only in the molecular kinetics framework a definition of transition rates is possible. In this context, the existence of an infinitesimal generator of the dynamical processes is discussed. If the existence is assumed, the Theorem of Gauß can be applied in order to compute transition rates efficiently. Molecular dynamics, however, is not able to provide a suitable statistical basis for the determination of the transition pattern.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
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  • 24
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    Approximations for the second moments of sojourn times in M/GI systems under state-dependent processor sharing (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: We consider a system with Poisson arrivals and general service times, where the requests are served according to the State-Dependent Processor Sharing (SDPS) discipline (Cohen's generalized processor sharing discipline), where each request receives a service capacity which depends on the actual number of requests in the system. For this system, denoted by $M/GI/SDPS$, we derive approximations for the squared coefficients of variation of the conditional sojourn time of a request given its service time and of the unconditional sojourn time by means of two-moment fittings of the service times. The approximations are given in terms of the squared coefficients of variation of the conditional and unconditional sojourn time in related $M/D/SDPS$ and $M/M/SDPS$ systems, respectively. The numerical results presented for $M/GI/m-PS$ systems illustrate that the proposed approximations work well.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
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  • 25
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    Zum Nutzen des Web 2.0 für „Die kleine Kollaboration“ in den Wissenschaften (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2020-12-11
    Description: Gemeinsame Web-Auftritte zu organisieren, die sich über mehrere Institutionen und Fachgebiete erstrecken, ist eine anspruchsvolle und faszinierende Aufgabe, die auf verschiedene Weise gelingen, aber auch scheitern kann. Wer sich daran versucht, tut gut daran, sich über bestimmte Prinzipien und technische Mittel zu informieren, die das fortgeschrittene Web ihm heute bietet. Das Internet, das World Wide Web und das moderne Web 2.0 sind in einer fast zwanzig Jahre dauernden Kollaboration einer globalen Gemeinschaft von Entwicklern und Anwendern entstanden. Es enthält heute eine Fülle sofort einsetzbarer Komponenten, von der „Benutzerdefinierten Google-Suche Beta“ mit Google‘s PageRanking auf ausgewählten Web-Seiten bis hin zum automatisierten Web-Server mit Content-Management für das „Mitmach-Web“. Der Artikel stellt nur eine kleine Auswahl solcher Lösungen vor und macht den Versuch, einige Prinzipien des Web 2.0 so herauszuarbeiten, dass die notwendige Kommunikation zwischen Managern, Technikern, Redakteuren und Organisatoren in der kleinen Kollaboration unterstützt wird. „Kleine Kollaboration“ bedeutet hier, dass es nicht um die globale Vernetzung von technischen Großgeräten der e-Science gehen soll, auch nicht um die Super-Suchmaschine in Europa, sondern um die Unterstützung der Zusammenarbeit und Kommunikation von Wissenschaftlern und Museumsfachleuten mit Ihren Nutzern.
    Keywords: ddc:020
    Language: German
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  • 26
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    Insensitivity bounds for the moments of the sojourn times in M/GI systems under state-dependent processor sharing (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: We consider a system with Poisson arrivals and i.i.d. service times and where the requests are served according to the state-dependent (Cohen's generalized) processor sharing discipline, where each request in the system receives a service capacity which depends on the actual number of requests in the system. For this system we derive asymptotically tight upper bounds for the moments of the conditional sojourn time of a request with given required service time. The bounds generalize corresponding results, recently given for the single-server processor sharing system by Cheung et al. and for the state-dependent processor sharing system with exponential service times by the authors. Analogous results hold for the waiting times.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
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    Randomized Online Algorithms for Dynamic Multi-Period Routing Problems (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2020-11-13
    Description: The Dynamic Multi-Period Routing Problem DMPRP introduced by Angelelli et al. gives a model for a two-stage online-offline routing problem. At the beginning of each time period a set of customers becomes known. The customers need to be served either in the current time period or in the following. Postponed customers have to be served in the next time period. The decision whether to postpone a customer has to be done online. At the end of each time period, an optimal tour for the customers assigned to this period has to be computed and this computation can be done offline. The objective of the problem is to minimize the distance traveled over all planning periods assuming optimal routes for the customers selected in each period. We provide the first randomized online algorithms for the DMPRP which beat the known lower bounds for deterministic algorithms. For the special case of two planning periods we provide lower bounds on the competitive ratio of any randomized online algorithm against the oblivious adversary. We identify a randomized algorithm that achieves the optimal competitive ratio of $\frac{1+\sqrt{2}}{2}$ for two time periods on the real line. For three time periods, we give a randomized algorithm that is strictly better than any deterministic algorithm.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
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  • 28
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    Constraint Integer Programming (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2021-08-05
    Description: This thesis introduces the novel paradigm of "constraint integer programming" (CIP), which integrates constraint programming (CP) and mixed integer programming (MIP) modeling and solving techniques. It is supplemented by the software SCIP, which is a solver and framework for constraint integer programming that also features SAT solving techniques. SCIP is freely available in source code for academic and non-commercial purposes. Our constraint integer programming approach is a generalization of MIP that allows for the inclusion of arbitrary constraints, as long as they turn into linear constraints on the continuous variables after all integer variables have been fixed. The constraints, may they be linear or more complex, are treated by any combination of CP and MIP techniques: the propagation of the domains by constraint specific algorithms, the generation of a linear relaxation and its solving by LP methods, and the strengthening of the LP by cutting plane separation. The current version of SCIP comes with all of the necessary components to solve mixed integer programs. In the thesis, we cover most of these ingredients and present extensive computational results to compare different variants for the individual building blocks of a MIP solver. We focus on the algorithms and their impact on the overall performance of the solver. In addition to mixed integer programming, the thesis deals with chip design verification, which is an important topic of electronic design automation. Chip manufacturers have to make sure that the logic design of a circuit conforms to the specification of the chip. Otherwise, the chip would show an erroneous behavior that may cause failures in the device where it is employed. An important subproblem of chip design verification is the property checking problem, which is to verify whether a circuit satisfies a specified property. We show how this problem can be modeled as constraint integer program and provide a number of problem-specific algorithms that exploit the structure of the individual constraints and the circuit as a whole. Another set of extensive computational benchmarks compares our CIP approach to the current state-of-the-art SAT methodology and documents the success of our method.
    Description: Diese Arbeit stellt einen integrierten Ansatz aus "Constraint Programming" (CP) und Gemischt-Ganzzahliger Programmierung ("Mixed Integer Programming", MIP) vor, den wir "Constraint Integer Programming" (CIP) nennen. Sowohl Modellierungs- als auch Lösungstechniken beider Felder fließen in den neuen integrierten Ansatz ein, um die unterschiedlichen Stärken der beiden Gebiete zu kombinieren. Als weiteren Beitrag stellen wir der wissenschaftlichen Gemeinschaft die Software SCIP zur Verfügung, die ein Framework für Constraint Integer Programming darstellt und zusätzlich Techniken des SAT-Lösens beinhaltet. SCIP ist im Source Code für akademische und nicht-kommerzielle Zwecke frei erhältlich. Unser Ansatz des Constraint Integer Programming ist eine Verallgemeinerung von MIP, die zusätzlich die Verwendung beliebiger Constraints erlaubt, solange sich diese durch lineare Bedingungen ausdrücken lassen falls alle ganzzahligen Variablen auf feste Werte eingestellt sind. Die Constraints werden von einer beliebigen Kombination aus CP- und MIP-Techniken behandelt. Dies beinhaltet insbesondere die "Domain Propagation", die Relaxierung der Constraints durch lineare Ungleichungen, sowie die Verstärkung der Relaxierung durch dynamisch generierte Schnittebenen. Die derzeitige Version von SCIP enthält alle Komponenten, die für das effiziente Lösen von Gemischt-Ganzzahligen Programmen benötigt werden. Die vorliegende Arbeit liefert eine ausführliche Beschreibung dieser Komponenten und bewertet verschiedene Varianten in Hinblick auf ihren Einfluß auf das Gesamt-Lösungsverhalten anhand von aufwendigen praktischen Experimenten. Dabei wird besonders auf die algorithmischen Aspekte eingegangen. Ein weiterer Hauptteil der Arbeit befasst sich mit der Chip-Design-Verifikation, die ein wichtiges Thema innerhalb des Fachgebiets der "Electronic Design Automation" darstellt. Chip-Hersteller müssen sicherstellen, dass der logische Entwurf einer Schaltung der gegebenen Spezifikation entspricht. Andernfalls würde der Chip fehlerhaftes Verhalten aufweisen, dass zu Fehlfunktionen innerhalb des Gerätes führen kann, in dem der Chip verwendet wird. Ein wichtiges Teilproblem in diesem Feld ist das Eigenschafts-Verifikations-Problem, bei dem geprüft wird, ob der gegebene Schaltkreisentwurf eine gewünschte Eigenschaft aufweist. Wir zeigen, wie dieses Problem als Constraint Integer Program modelliert werden kann und geben eine Reihe von problemspezifischen Algorithmen an, die die Struktur der einzelnen Constraints und der Gesamtschaltung ausnutzen. Testrechnungen auf Industrie-Beispielen vergleichen unseren Ansatz mit den bisher verwendeten SAT-Techniken und belegen den Erfolg unserer Methode.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: doctoralthesis , doc-type:doctoralThesis
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    Fare Planning for Public Transport (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: In this paper we investigate the fare planning model for public transport, which consists in designing a system of fares maximizing the revenue. We discuss a discrete choice model in which passengers choose between different travel alternatives to express the demand as a function of fares. Furthermore, we give a computational example for the city of Potsdam and discuss some theoretical aspects.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
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  • 30
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    Improving the performance of elevator systems using exact reoptimization algorithms (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: This extended abstract is about algorithms for controlling elevator systems employing destination hall calls, i.e. the passenger provides his destination floor when calling an elevator. We present the first exact algorithm for controlling a group of elevators and report on simulation results indicating that destination hall call systems outperform conventional systems.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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    On goal-oriented adaptivity for elliptic optimal control problems (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2019-01-29
    Description: The paper proposes goal-oriented error estimation and mesh refinement for optimal control problems with elliptic PDE constraints using the value of the reduced cost functional as quantity of interest. Error representation, hierarchical error estimators, and greedy-style error indicators are derived and compared to their counterparts when using the all-at-once cost functional as quantity of interest. Finally, the efficiency of the error estimator and generated meshes are demonstrated on numerical examples.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
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    Consistency Results for the Contact-Stabilized Newmark Method (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-09
    Description: The paper considers the time integration of frictionless dynamical contact problems between viscoelastic bodies in the frame of the Signorini condition. Among the numerical integrators, interest focuses on the contact-stabilized Newmark method recently suggested by Deuflhard et al., which is compared to the classical Newmark method and an improved energy dissipative version due to Kane et al. In the absence of contact, any such variant is equivalent to the Störmer-Verlet scheme, which is well-known to have consistency order 2. In the presence of contact, however, the classical approach to discretization errors would not show consistency at all because of the discontinuity at the contact. Surprisingly, the question of consistency in the constrained situation has not been solved yet. The present paper fills this gap by means of a novel proof technique using specific norms based on earlier perturbation results due to the authors. The corresponding estimation of the local discretization error requires the bounded total variation of the solution. The results have consequences for the construction of an adaptive timestep control, which will be worked out subsequently in a forthcoming paper.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
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    Discrete Optimization in Public Transportation (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: The mathematical treatment of planning problems in public transit has made significant advances in the last decade. Among others, the classical problems of vehicle and crew scheduling can nowadays be solved on a routine basis using combinatorial optimization methods. This is not yet the case for problems that pertain to the design of public transit networks, and for the problems of operations control that address the implementation of a schedule in the presence of disturbances. The article gives a sketch of the state and important developments in these areas, and it addresses important challenges. The vision is that mathematical tools of computer aided scheduling (CAS) will soon play a similar role in the design and operation of public transport systems as CAD systems in manufacturing.
    Description: Die mathematische Behandlung von Planungsproblemen im öffentlichen Verkehr hat im letzten Jahrzehnt große Fortschritte gemacht. Klassische Probleme wie die Umlauf- und die Dienstplanung können heutzutage routinemäßig mit kombinatorischen Optimierungsmethoden gelöst werden. Die Behandlung von Problemen der Angebotsplanung und der Betriebssteuerung sind dagegen noch nicht ganz auf diesem Stand. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über den Stand der Forschung, über wichtige Entwicklungen und einige Herausforderungen in diesem Gebiet. Die Vision ist, dass mathematische Planungswerkzeuge im öffentlichen Verkehr (Computer Aided Scheduling, CAS) in Zukunft eine ähnliche Rolle spielen werden wie CAD-Systeme in der industriellen Fertigung.
    Keywords: ddc:510
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    Variational and statistical shape modeling for 3D geometry reconstruction (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2022-07-19
    Description: The reconstruction of geometric shapes plays an important role in many biomedical applications. One example is the patient-specific, computer-aided planning of complex interventions, which requires the generation of explicitly represented geometric models of anatomical structures from medical image data. Only solutions that require minimal interaction by medical personnel are likely to enter clinical routine. Another example is the planning of surgical corrections of deformities where the target shape is unknown. Surgeons are often forced to resort to subjective criteria. These applications still pose highly challenging reconstruction problems, which are addressed in this thesis. The fundamental hypothesis, pursued in this thesis, is that the problems can be solved by incorporating a-priori knowledge about shape and other application-specific characteristics. Here, we focus mainly on the aspect of geometric shape analysis. The basic idea is to capture the most essential variations of a certain class of geometric objects via statistical shape models, which model typical features contained in a given population, and restrict the outcome of a reconstruction algorithm (more or less) to the space spanned by such models. A fundamental prerequisite for performing statistical shape analysis on a set of different objects is the identification of corresponding points on their associated surfaces. This problem is particularly difficult to solve if the shapes stem from different individuals. The reason lies in the basic difficulty of defining suitable measures of similarity. In this thesis, we divide the correspondence problem into feature and non-feature matching. The feature part depends on the application, while the non-feature part can be characterized by a purely geometric description. We propose two different approaches. The first approach has proved useful in many applications. Yet, it suffers from some practical limitations and does not yield a measure of similarity. Our second, variational, approach is designed to overcome these limitations. In it, we propose to minimize an invariant stretching measure, constrained by previously computed features. An important property, which sets our method apart from previous work, is that it does not require the computation of a global surface parameterization.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: doctoralthesis , doc-type:doctoralThesis
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  • 35
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    Automatisierte Fernleihe im KOBV - Handbuch für Bibliotheken - 3. Auflage (2009)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Im Kooperativen Bibliotheksverbund Berlin-Brandenburg (KOBV) wird für die automatisierte Fernleihe der Zentrale-Fernleihserver (ZFL-Server) der Firma Sisis eingesetzt. Die Software ist in der KOBV-Zentrale installiert. Der ZFL-Server dient im KOBV sowohl für die Bestellung von Monographien als auch für die Bestellung von Aufsatzkopien aus Zeitschriften. Prinzipiell gibt es zwei Verfahren, mit denen sich Bibliotheken an der automatisierten Fernleihe beteiligen können: das E-Mail-Verfahren und das SLNP-Verfahren. Auf beide wird im Handbuch eingegangen. Die automatisierte Fernleihe wurde im KOBV eingeführt, um die Fernleihe für die Benutzer zu beschleunigen, das Verfahren für die Bibliotheksmitarbeiter zu vereinfachen und den Arbeitsaufwand zu reduzieren. Sie basiert darauf, dass eine Bestellung anhand eines gefundenen Treffers ausgelöst wird – d.h. die bibliographischen Daten sind bereits verifiziert und in einem Katalog nachgewiesen. Anschließend wird die Bestellung über den ZFL-Server automatisch ausgeführt und verwaltet – sowohl in der regionalen KOBV-Fernleihe als auch in der verbundübergreifenden Fernleihe mit den deutschen Bibliotheksverbünden. Der ZFL-Server besteht aus verschiedenen technischen Komponenten. Eine dieser Komponenten ist das Bibliothekskonto, eine Internetanwendung, in der die Bestellverwaltung des ZFL-Servers für die Bibliotheksbediensteten transparent abläuft. Dazu hat jede Bibliothek im Bibliothekskonto eine eigene, Passwort-geschützte Dienstoberfläche. Im Laufe des Jahres 2009 hat die KOBV-Zentrale das Bibliothekskonto grundlegend überarbeitet; die neue Version wurde im September 2009 freigegeben. Neben der Überabeitung des Interfaces – so wird den Bibliotheken auf der Startseite nun eine Übersicht ihrer laufenden Bestellungen angezeigt und dient als direkter Einstieg in die Bearbeitung – wurde das Bibliothekskonto um folgende Funktionen erweitert: Bestellung zurücklegen (HOLD), Vormerkungen, Bestellungen zur Anfrage, Abbruch des Leitweges (auch verbundübergreifend), erweiterte Kommentarfunktion, Bestellnummernsuche in allen Verbünden. Das Handbuch, das die Vorgänge der Bestellverwaltung im Bibliothekskonto beschreibt, wurde in der nun vorliegenden 3. Auflage um die Beschreibung der neuen Funktionen ergänzt. An dieser Stelle ein Dank an die Kolleginnen und Kollegen aus den KOBV-Bibliotheken – Frau Bruske (UB der Freien Universität Berlin), Frau Ebert (UB der Europa-Universität Viadrina Frankfurt (Oder)), Frau Preuß (UB der Technischen Universität Berlin) und Herrn Ringmayer (Zentral- und Landesbibliothek Berlin) – für die tatkräftige Unterstützung bei der Entwicklung der neuen Funktionen.
    Keywords: ddc:020
    Language: German
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The development of the ovary in the grasshopper, Melanoplus differentialis (acrididae; orthoptera)The author is indebted to the National Research Council for a Fellowship during the year 1929-1930 during which the work herein described was partially completed; also, to the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, for facilities for work during the summer of 1930. (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 55 (1934), S. 515-543 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Each indifferent genital rudiment in the grasshopper embryo is composed of the following: (1) a terminal filament membrane; (2) an epithelial plate of indifferent cells, the dorsal cell mass; (3) the central cell mass containing germ and indifferent cells; (4) the ventral cell strand, and, (5) a delicate, investing membrane, the outer limiting membrane. It is roughly spindle-shaped in transverse section and extends from the first to the eighth abdominal segments.In the sexual differentiation of the genital rudiment the dorsal cell mass is retained as a definite embryonic rudiment in the female, but becomes an indistinguishable part of the central cell mass in the male.Ovarian development is initiated in the dorsal cell mass area, where cell aggregations are formed. Each aggregation is ultimately surrounded by the ingrowing outer limiting membrane to form distinct cellular columns. A latero-ventrad extension of this ingrowing process into the central cell mass continues the column formation process into the latter and results in the formation of a distally tapering structure composed of indifferent cells distad and germ cells and indifferent cells proximad. This structure constitutes the rudimentary ovariole which finally differentiates to form the terminal filament, germarium, and vitellarium.The ovarian portion of the oviduct and the tubular connection between the ovariole and oviduct are differentiated from the ventral cell strand.
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    The mesodermal relations of the pars buccalis of the hypophysis in the duck (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 55 (1934), S. 611-631 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This paper describes the cellular relations between the prechordal mesoderm and the hypophyseal analage in duck embryos from the first to the eighth day of incubation.At nineteen somites the ectoderm destined to form hypophysis is seen as a plate of cells lying under the mesodermal mass anterior to the notochord. It extends anteriorly in intimate contact with the base of the forebrain, and posteriorly for about the same distance to the oral membrane. Following the lateral growth of the prechordal mesoderm and the rapid overgrowth of the forebrain, Rathke's pouch is definitely outlined. The upward expansion of the pouch, concomitant with the lagging of some of the prechordal mesoderm in the midline, effects a very close relation between these cells and those at the tip of the pouch. With the lateral expansion of the premandibular head cavities, some of the mesoderm adheres to walls of Rathke's pouch in the form of rods or knobs. As development proceeds the inherent growth tendencies of ectoderm and mesoderm express themselves differently and the rods or knobs become constricted off from the pouch, forming in its vicinity vesicles which exhibit a definite lumen.The question of an entodermal contribution to the hypophysis in this form is briefly considered.
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    The distribution of chitin in an insect (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934), S. 51-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: By treating the clean skeletal tissue of an insect with concentrated KOH at 160° C., the contained chitin is converted to chitosan, and all pigmentation and admixtures are removed. The per cent distribution of chitin, expressed as chitosan, in the exoskeleton of the cockroach, Periplaneta fuliginosa, ranges from 37.65 in the dorsal abdomen to 18.22 in the hindwings. Other regions contain the following per cents: ventral abdomen, 37.11; metathoracic legs, 35.55; mesothoracic legs, 33.28; prothoracic legs, 32.24; pronotum, 31.55; head, 31.07; genitalia, 29.28; dorsal thorax, 29.07; ventral thorax, 28.33; antennae, 27.77; cerci, 25.65; and forewings, 19.99. Regional variations are constant in different individuals of the same species. The crop and gizzard contain 18.69 per cent; the hindgut, 18.15 per cent. The remainder of the alimentary tract contains no chitin. Traces of chitin are found in the trachea. No chitin is found in the egg-cases of this species. No correlation between chitin content and pigmentation or hardness is shown. Based on results from three trials, using thirty insects, the per cent of chitosan in the clean, dry chitinous material from the entire animal is 29.60; the per cent of chitosan based on the weight of the live animal averages 2.01.
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    A study of the spermatozoon of the fowl, with particular reference to osmiophilic bodies in the sperm head (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934), S. 325-337 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The purpose of this study was to learn something of the nature of the bead-like bodies which occur in the head of the sperm of the fowl since it was found in a previous study that they are apparently affected in a characteristic manner by vitamin E deficiency.Staining tests indicate that these bodies are composed of fats and fatty acids since they respond to osmic acid and Nile blue sulphate. They are also impregnated with silver nitrate and hence may be associated with the so-called Golgi materials of the cell.The beads first appear as a complete single row but subsequently they undergo fragmentation and redistribution. The whole process is probably a final transitory step in sperm transformation.The presence of this fatty material may signify that the sperm of the fowl, in contrast to that of most other animals, carries a store of food material to support its activity after liberation. The sperm may also be the carrier of a definite amount of vitamin E. Furthermore, the presence of this material may offer an explanation of the high resistance of the testis of the fowl to vitamin E deficiency because, since this vitamin is fat soluble, the testis as a whole would probably receive a disproportionately large share of the vitamin E stores of the individual.
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    A cytological study on the liver of the rat, with special reference to the ‘intracellular blood canaliculi,’ inter- and intracellular bile canaliculi, mitochondria and Golgi apparatus (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934), S. 407-421 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In sections from livers injected through the vascular system with Carter's carminegelatin or Berlin-blue gelatin masses at known, constant pressures, many cells were observed to contain ovoid or spherical bodies of the colored injection masses, similar to those described by Schäfer and his students, Herring and Simpson, as intracellular blood canaliculi.' In these livers practically all the cells were vacuolated. However, with livers injected with Berlin-blue gelatin mass dissolved in Locke's solution instead of distilled water, there were no intracellular masses and the cells appeared normal, though the sinusoids were completely filled with injection mass. The so-called ‘intracellular blood canaliculi’ described by Schäfer are interpreted as artefacts produced by a combination of factors, the most important of which is the difference in osmotic pressure. This is produced by the hypotonicity of the injection masses that are usually used, augmented perhaps by the effect of mechanical pressure used in administering the injection mass.Following impregnation of liver tissue by Golgi's rapid method, the usual network of intercellular bile canaliculi was revealed, but the presence of a permanent system of intracellular canaliculi was not observed. A few short, knobbed intracellular projections from the intercellular bile canaliculi were noticed; these probably represent the passage of secretion material into the intercellular bile canaliculi at the moment of excretion.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050560211
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    Early development in some sciuridaeContribution no. 234 from the Zoölogical Laboratory of Indiana University. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree, Doctor of Philosophy, in the Department of Zoölogy in the Graduate School of Indiana University. (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934), S. 477-511 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The early developmental history of Sciuridae (squirrel family), from the ovarian egg to the establishment of the germ layers, was studied in fixed material comprising ova and embryos from six species of five genera. No significant differences were noted in the major processes of development in the six species. Continuous diminution in the size of the ova occurs from the beginning of follicular vesiculation up to the early blastocyst stages. Corpora haemorrhagica are present in most of the recently ruptured follicles of all the species.Cleavage is regular, though adequal, up to the eight-cell stage, the blastomeres clustering into a compact mass. There is desquamation of cellular material from the periphery of the ovum between morula and blastocyst stages. At the same time cells within the blastocyst degenerate to add to the cavity originally formed by confluence of intercellular spaces. The cavity forms among the inner cells, an inner cell mass being left at one pole and an anti-embryonic mass at the other. The anti-embryonic cells produce much of the yolk-sac entoderm and contribute to the implantation mass. The latter mass forms a temporary attachment of the blastocyst to the uterine mucosa in these species. The definitive entoderm arises by migration and delamination of certain of the inner cell mass cells. A transitory notochordal canal, passing in a vertical plane through Hensen's node, is strongly suggested.
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    On the arterial system of the common Indian rat-snake, Ptyas mucosus (Linn.) (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934), S. 533-575 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The arterial system of Ptyas mucosus (Linn.) reveals the following interesting features: (1) A prominent diverticulum given off from the inner antero-dorsal edge of the left auricle. (2) Ridge-like continuation of the median hanging valve of the sinus venosus lining the ventral edge of the opening of the right precaval vein. (3) Guarding of the opening of the pulmonary vein by a portion of the inter-auricular septum abutting against it. (4) Presence of two longitudinal trunks on either side of the hepatic portal vein formed by the hepatic branches of the hepato-oesophageal arteries, which, uniting with one another, form a peculiar arrangement looking almost like a looped chain. (5) A complete arterial circuit in the female formed by the combination of the genital, supra-renal, and the anterior-most renal arteries of either side. (6) Chain-like arrangement formed by the alternate bifurcation and union of the posterior-most part of the longitudinal fat-body artery and also by its lateral branches, which unite with it here and there after giving off twigs to the fat bodies. (7) A pair of small arteries (or in some cases only one) called ‘arteria complexa’ which take their origin from the dorsal aorta opposite the openings of the iliac veins into the afferent renals.
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    The developmental anatomy of male genitalia in Melanoplus differentialis (acrididae) orthoptera) (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 55 (1934), S. 577-609 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: An investigation has been conducted to ascertain the relationship of certain structures in the embryo of the grasshopper known as Melanoplus differentialis with reproductive organs in the adult male.The order of development of these structures was traced through the entire life history.It was determined that they are the rudiments of certain reproductive organs and that the knowledge obtained serves as an aid in more accurately classifying insects.
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    The segregation of the germ cells in the grasshopper, Melanoplus differentialis (acrididae; orthoptera)Much of the work outlined in this paper was completed during the year 1929-1930 while the writer was a National Research Fellow in biology. I am indebted to the National Research Council for this courtesy. (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 55 (1934), S. 545-575 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The segregation of the germ cells is related in time and differentiation to the ectoderm (ventral plate), the inner germ-band layer (lower layer) and the mesenteron (entoderm) rudiments. The inner germ-band layer is formed by invagination of cells from a median blastoporic groove and by cellular proliferations among the invaginating cells and from the median line of the ectoderm immediately caudad of the blastoporic groove. The mesenteron material is derived from inner germ-band layer material associated with the internal ends of the stomodaeum and proctodaeum. The germ cells are segregated from the lateral margins of the abdominal lobe ectoderm in the region of the amnion attachment as segmentation of the abdominal lobe is initiated. They ultimately become separated from the ectoderm cells of the lateral wall and from the amnion and migrate in a passive manner onto the coelomic sacs where they become associated with the inner walls of the sacs. When the coelomic sacs unite the germ cells and the splanchnic wall mesoderm cells form two continuous cell strands from the first to the eighth abdominal segments, inclusive. These strands form the indifferent genital rudiments. An endeavor is made to correlate the segregation of the germ cells in the grasshopper with that of various other insects.
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    Masthead (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    The homologies of the flexor and adductor muscles of the thigh (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934), S. 21-49 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The literature relating to the flexor and adductor muscles of the thigh and their nerve supplies, in Sphenodon, the lizards, crocodiles and mammals was correlated and new dissections made of animals belonging to the last three groups. All of these muscles can be traced as individual entities from animal to animal without loss or addition to their number, although splitting may occur. The attachments of the muscles and their relationships to one another and to the two heads of the gastrocnemius are the same in all the reptiles studied. In the mammals one group, including the adductor longus and magnus and the retractor femoralis, has migrated from the tibia between the two heads of the gastrocnemius onto the femur, and another from the ilium onto the vertebrae, the one migration being caused by expansion of the gastrocnemius, and the other by expansion of the gluteal muscles. A new lateral flexor mass has been formed from part of the reptilian ilio tibialis by migration down the fibula. The nerve supplies of the various muscles are not constant when traced from group to group, and it is suggested that a muscle receives its nerve supply from the nerve nearest to it in embryonic development, so that when a muscle has migrated the nerve supply is no longer a reliable guide to its homology.
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    The activity of the coelomic (germinal) epithelium of the male musk turtle, Sternotherus odoratus (Latreille)The material used in this study was collected and prepared in part at the Zoölogical Laboratories of the University of Michigan. The remainder of the material was prepared and the study was completed at the Zoölogy Department of the State University of Iowa. Acknowledgments for financial assistance are due to the administrators of the Faculty Research Fund of the University of Michigan and to the National Research Council Committee for Research in Problems of Sex as administered by Prof. E. Witschi. (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934), S. 59-99 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Histological studies of testes of both immature and mature individuals show that the peritoneal epithelium does not give up its proliferative capacities with the completion of testis differentiation. Certain regions of the antimesorchial surface retain their activity and continue to contribute cellular elements during testis growth. Stromal cells, germ cells, and sections of or entire seminiferous tubules originate from the peritoneum in the form of cord-like ingrowths. In this form, the proliferations of the germinal epithelium of the testes are similar to and homologous with the continuous proliferations of the germinal epithelium of the ovary.In Sternotherus, both testis and ovary differentiate out of a bisexual primordium in which the deeper parts of the germinal epithelium form an ovarian cortex. Since the germinal epithelium persists as an active part of both ovary and testis, it must be responsive to the same physiological factors of female or male differentiation respectively. It is indifferent sexually and once the direction of sex differentiation is established, the response of the germinal epithelium is in the determined direction. Its activity is then to produce either seminiferous tubules or ovarian follicles, and is directly dependent upon the processes of embryonic sex differentiation and determination.
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    The development of the thymus bodies in necturus maculosus (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934), S. 295-323 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The primordia of the thymus bodies in Necturus begin to form in 7-mm. embryos. These structures arise as clumps of entodermal cells on the posterior dorsal portion of the first four visceral pouches; the first or last pouch, being rudimentary, fails to form such a primordium. All except the first of these primordia lose their connection with their respective pouches in the 16-mm. stage and lie free in the surrounding connective tissue. The primordium on the first pouch begins to show degenerative changes during that stage, losing connection with its pouch in the 23-mm. stage, finally to disappear altogether in 30-mm. specimens.The three remaining bodies continue to grow, but the second and third outstrip the fourth in development and begin to form Hassall's corpuscles in 32- to 34-mm. stages. Sections of 30-mm. Necturi show a few of these corpuscles fairly well developed and containing a faintly staining secretion. The fourth body remains relatively small a long time, not showing the Hassallian cysts until the animal is 60 mm. long. By shifting of positions and increasing in size, the three bodies come to lie in proximity, one behind the other, to form the definitive thymus gland of the adult. The gland lies embedded in the heavy musculature on top of the head in front of the gills.
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    The effects of vitamin E deficiency on the testis of the male fowl (Gallus domesticus) (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934), S. 339-359 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The effects of vitamin E deficiency in the fowl were observed in Rhode Island Red males over a period of approximately 2 years.Mating experiments showed that after 1 year on the E-free diet all of the males were capable of fertilizing ova, but that after 2 years some of the males were sterile.Sperm smears showed that shortly after the beginning of the experiment, many of the mature spermatozoa exhibited an abnormal condition of the nuclear material of the head, while others remained normal.In histological sections of the testes made at the end of the 2 years, conditions varied from almost normal to complete atrophy, the latter being a condition that has already been described in the male mammal. Moreover, the conditions in any given section were not uniform for even in an advanced stage of E deficiency there were small islands of apparently normal tissue. However, in this case, as in the mammal, the process of degeneration affects the mature sperm cells first and gradually works to the outside of the seminiferous tubule thus attacking the youngest maturation stages last.The results of the experiment point definitely to destruction of the testis under prolonged E-deficient conditions but it is also quite apparent that the testis of the fowl is extremely resistant to vitamin E deficiency.
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    The osteology of the haplimous fish Novumbra hubbsi schultz with comparative notes on related speciesThe author wishes to thank: Dr. Leonard P. Schultz for his keen interest and helpful advice throughout the course of this study, and for the loan of specimens of Novumbra, Dallia, Umbra and Esox from the collection of fishes, Department of Fisheries, University of Washington; Dr. Carl L. Hubbs, of the University of Michigan, for specimens of Umbra limi, Umbra pygmaea, and Esox vermiculatus; Mr. Arnie Suomela, of the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries, for specimens of Umbra pygmaea; and Dr. J. R. Norman, of the British Museum, for specimens of, and the loan of a skeleton of Umbra crameri. (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934), S. 371-405 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This paper is an attempt to clear up the confusion concerning the osteological relationships among the Haplomous fishes.The osteology of Novumbra hubbsi was worked out by the dissection of numerous specimens. The various skeletal features found were compared with the osteology of Umbra limi, U. pygmaea, U. crameri, and Dallia pectoralis.A description of each skeletal element of Novumbra was made, followed by a description of the chief differences between it and the same structures in Umbra and in Dallia. No constant osteological differences were found between Umbra limi and U. pygmaea, and very few between these two species and Umbra crameri. Novumbra and Umbra have more in common with each other than either does with Dallia or Esox. The presence of postorbitals, postcranials, and the shape of the secondary shoulder girdle in Novumbra show it to be also closely related to Dallia and Esox.The relationships of the various forms are summarized in a synoptic key which lists the following groups: Order Haplomi. Superfamily I, Dallioidea; Family Dallidae; Genus and species, Dallia pectoralis. Superfamily II, Umbroidea; Family 1, Umbridae; Genus and species, Umbra limi, U. pygmaea and U. crameri; Family 2, Novumbridae; Genus and species, Novumbra hubbsi. Superfamily III, Esocoidea; Family Esocidae; Genus, Esox.
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    Chemoreceptors of blowflies (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934), S. 445-475 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This paper deals with the morphology of all the so-called gustatory and olfactory organs of blowflies, and describes tests conducted to determine whether these insects taste with their tarsi and smell with their antennae and palpi. Antennae bear two types of so-called olfactory hairs, while palpi bear only one. With the aid of an olfactometer it has been shown that antennae and palpi do not bear the olfactory organs.In order to explain the proboscis response, described by Minnich, it is not necessary to assume that tarsi bear gustatory organs, because: (1) a tarus bears no sense organs, except nine olfactory pores; (2) it is almost impossible to wet the tarsi with water or sugar water; and (3) when flies were in the proper nutritive condition and liquids were about 3 mm. from the tarsi, the insects were induced by a special method to exhibit the proboscis response. It was further clearly demonstrated by a similar method that tarsi can easily distinguish between chemically pure saccharose water and distilled water when these liquids are about 3 mm. from the tarsi. The responses, obtained by any method, are caused by two stimuli, one mechanical and the other olfactory. The act of touching the feet produces the initial stimulus and brings the liquids almost in contact with the olfactory pores on the tarsi.
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    Intravitam studies on the hemipteran, Leptocoris trivittatus. A description of the male reproductive organs and the aggregation and turning of the sperms (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934), S. 513-531 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A study of the male reproductive organs of a hemipteron, Leptocoris trivittatus, has been made. The genital system, which consists of fan-shaped testes; the vasa deferentia, to which a single pair of accessory glands are attached; ejaculatory ducts and the copulatory apparatus, is described and photomicrographs of consecutive parts presented.Then an analysis of the method of aggregation and turning of the sperms is made by means of intravitam technic. Aggregation and turning commence in the early spermatid stage. A spherical cyst forms, the tails first grow centripetally and then push out toward the lower end of the cyst. This line of growth in the cyst moves the head ends of the spermatids to the upper end where aggregation gradually takes place.The cysts spiral up and across the follicles, the moving force being, probably, the elongating tails. Later they spiral down the follicle, development progressing rapidly. The descending bundles are mature sperm, held together by a cytoplasmic cap.The accessory gland secretes a milky substance which probably activates the sperm at a later stage. Peristalsis occurs in the wall of the gland and duct.The process of massing sperm into bundles before copulation insures effective translocation. Then peristalsis and movement of tubular fluids carry the sperm down the duct to the copulatory apparatus.
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    Localization of mineral ash in the organelles and cytoplasmic components of paramecium (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 55 (1934), S. 421-433 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Paramecium caudatum was studied by micro-incineration, by stained control sections, by vital staining, and by osmic impregnation. It was found that a slow initial heating and a slow cooling after incineration greatly reduce the amount of distortion and shrinkage in the incinerated specimens. Most of the cytoplasmic components and organelles, including vacuome, chondriome, cilia, and basal granules, trichocysts, food vacuoles, and the nuclei, could be identified by their ash. No ash is found in the pellicle and only a small amount in the hyaloplasm. None of the osmiophilic components such as granules or the walls of the contractile vacuole could be identified in the incinerated specimens with certainty. The larger amount of ash in the endoplasm as compared with the ectoplasm is due to the large number of granules in the former region. The nucleus and some of the granules near the nucleus show traces of iron.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Studies upon regeneration. I. The constrasting powers of regeneration in planaria and procotylaSupported by a grant from the Committee on Radiation, National Research Council. Acknowledgments are also due to Keio University, Tokyo, Japan, for assistance given the senior author during his service as visiting professor, 1932-1933. The present paper is introductory to studies of the effects of radiation upon the normal structures and activities here described. A number of individuals have assisted in varying degrees in these investigations. Since work present paper, her name appears as a joint author. Certain work by6 C. D. Turner was similarly helpful. The senior author, who has thus supplemented his own studies of the material, has written the paper and assumes responsibility for the observations and their interpretation. (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 55 (1934), S. 477-513 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: When sexually mature Procotyla fluviatilis Leidy (commonly but erroneously known as Dendrocoelum lacteum) are cut transversely into head, pharyngeal, and tail pieces of about equal length, the head and pharyngeal pieces fail to regenerate in a large percentage of cases and tail pieces never regenerate. When regeneration occurs in head and pharyngeal pieces it is somewhat slower than in similar pieces of Planaria maculata Leidy and Planaria agilis Stringer with which comparisons were made. Cutting mature Procotyla into larger numbers of pieces usually results in death of all, although smaller pieces from prepharyngeal regions sometimes regenerate. Juvenile P. fluviatilis have greater powers of regeneration, as shown by cutting head and pharyngeal regions into greater numbers of pieces, but tail pieces do not regenerate. These observations confirm and extend those of earlier investigators. Such a restricted power of regeneration contrasts with well-known powers in P. maculata and P. agilis. Counts of formative cells, from which new parts arise in all three species and which are regarded by the authors as a persistent embryonic stock, indicate about 8.5 such cells in P. maculata to 1 in P. fluviatilis per unit area. It is concluded that regeneration in planarians is correlated with numbers of such formative cells and that histological factors are no less important than physiological ones. The paper is preliminary to a study of effects of x-rays upon regeneration.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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    Studies on the spermatocyte divisions in ascaris megalocephala; with special reference to the central bodies, Golgi complex and mitochondria (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 55 (1934), S. 435-475 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The centrioles are recognized early in the prophase of the primary spermatocyte. They soon become double and migrate around the nucleus in opposite directions. As this is completed the nuclear membrane breaks down and spindle fibers appear. The centrioles divide in the metaphase at a time when the centrosome is still perfectly spherical. The centrosome divides in the anaphase, giving the two centers for the second division. The centriole disappears in the spermatid and cannot be seen in later stages. The behavior of the centers during the spermatocyte divisions is strikingly like that of the egg centers and other types of mitoses. Therefore, it is concluded that the centrioles of the spermatocytes are not to be regarded as different from the centrioles in other types of mitoses.The Golgi bodies increase in number and size during the growth period of the cell. They are usually found in the shape of rings. From these rings are produced the refringent granules which fuse in the late spermatid to form those of the mature sperm. It is therefore concluded that this process represents the formation of the acrosome. The mitochondria show little change during the maturation divisions. In the late spermatid they aggregate around the nucleus and become vesiculated. This is interpreted as the formation of the prenebenkern.
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    Cytology of Troglodytella abrassarti, an intestinal ciliate of the chimpanzee (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934), S. 621-635 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050560310
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    Über die Bildung hochschmelzender Metallcarbide beim Glühen eines Kohlenfadens im Dampf einer flüchtigen Halogenverbindung des Metalles (1934)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 216 (1934), S. 209-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wird die Reaktion, welche beim Glühen eines Kohlenfadens im Dampf von TiCl4, ZrCl4 oder TaCl5 (im ersteren Fall bei Anwesenheit von Wasserstoff) stattfindet, studiert, und zwar einerseits durch die Änderung des elektrischen Widerstandes des Fadens, andererseits mit Hilfe einer röntgenographischen Untersuchung der erhaltenen Produkte.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19342160302
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    Über die Verschiebung des Transformationsintervalls der Gläser durch den Druck (1934)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 216 (1934), S. 349-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19342160403
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  • 59
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    Zur Reaktion des Wismuts mit Thioharnstoff (1934)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 216 (1934), S. 386-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19342160408
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    Die Reaktionsprodukte der verschiedenen Kohlenstoffformen mit Fluor II (Kohlenstoff-monofluorid) (1934)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 217 (1934), S. 1-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Fluor bildet bei nicht zu hoher Temperatur mit Kohlenstoff eines jeden Ordnungsgrades eine feste Valenzverbindung der Grenzzusammensetzung CF; sie wird durch Sättigen z. B. sauerstofffreien Norits bei 280° mit Fluor von 25 mm Druck und von Graphit bei 420° mit Fluor unter 760 mm Druck erhalten. In der Verbindung sind zwischen die Basisebenen des Graphits auf je zwei C-Atome zwei Fluorionen eingebaut. Die Struktur, die physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften des Fluorids werden mitgeteilt. Bei höheren Temperaturen entstehen aus Norit und Graphit, und natürlich auch CF, gasförmige C-Fluoride. Ihre Bildungsweise wird klargestellt, ihre Zusammensetzung in Abhängigkeit von den Bildungsbedingungen ermittelt.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19342170102
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    Beitrag zum Studium der Reaktionen des Cyanid-Ions mit dem Tetrathionat- und Pentathionat-Ion (1934)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 217 (1934), S. 33-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wurden die Reaktionen von Kaliumcyanid mit Alkalitetrathionat bzw. -pentathionat untersucht. Nachdem theoretisch auseinandergesetzt worden war, daß im ersten Falle die Umsetzung der Cyanwasserstoffsäure in Rhodanwasserstoffsüure nach Umwandlung von ⅓ der Saure fast zum Stillstand kommt, wurde gezeigt, daß in Gegenwart von Pufferlösungen mit ph zwischen 7 und 8 die Umsetzung quantitativ verläuft und daß es nicht nötig ist, die Reaktion in neutraler und alkalischer Lösung durch verschiedene chemische Gleichungen auszudrücken.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19342170106
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    Über die Existenz der Doppelsalzammoniakate. (Tensimetrische Untersuchungen) (1934)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 217 (1934), S. 80-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19342170111
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    Röntgenographische Feststellung neuer Verbindungsformen. I. Die Wolframoxyde W4O11 und W8O23 (1934)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 217 (1934), S. 95-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Durch die Verbindung von röntgenographischer und analytischer Arbeit werden selbständige eigenartige Oxydstufen von Wolframoxyden festgestellt, die nebeneinander aus 6- und 4 wertigen Wolframbausteinen bestehen.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19342170114
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    Masthead (1934)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 217 (1934) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19342170201
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    Über Verdampfung, Löslichkeit und Oxydation des metallischen Quecksilbers (1934)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 217 (1934), S. 241-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19342170304
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  • 66
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    Zur Kenntnis der Kristallisation von Schmelzen (1934)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 217 (1934), S. 257-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1. Die von uns untersuchten Stoffe Salol, Thymol, Benzophenon, o- und m-Kresol, Acetophenon und Guajakol lassen sich durch sorgfältiges Filtrieren ihrer unterkühlten Schmelzen durch Glasfrittenfilter geringster Porengröße als Schmelzen erhalten, die keine Neigung zur freiwilligen Kristallisation mehr aufweisen.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    Über Farbenreaktionen der seltenen Erden mit Pyrogallol: Ceriumreaktionen mit Pyrogallol, sowie Reaktionen von Thorium, Lanthan und Elementen der dritten analytischen Gruppe mit Pyrogallol (1934)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 217 (1934), S. 272-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wurden die Farbenreaktionen von Cerium(3) und (4) mit Ammoniak und Pyrogallol, wie auch von Lanthan, Thorium und Titan mit Ammoniak und Pyrogallol geprüft. Andere Ionen der 3. Gruppe gaben unter gleichen Bedingungen charakteristisch gefärbte Niederschläge.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    Über den Einfluß der Temperatur auf die Geschwindigkeit von Ionenreaktionen (1934)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 217 (1934), S. 305-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wird die Geschwindigkeit der Monobromacetet- und Thio- sulfationenreaktion ohne Salzzusatz in stark verdünnten Lösungen bzw. in verschieden konzentrierten Lösungen von NaNO3, Na2SO4, Mg(NO3)2 und MgSO4 bei 5°, 15°, 25°, 35°, 45°, 55°C gemessen. Aus diesem Versuchsmaterial ist folgendes herauszulesen: Die BRÖNSTED-DEBYE-HÜCKEL'sche Gleichung wird zwischen den Ionenstärken 0,0025 - 0,010 bei den Temperaturen 25°, 35°, 45°, 55° C befolgt.Ohne Salzzusatz bzw. in verdünnten Salzlösungen (bis zu 0,5 n. Salzkonzentration) ist der van't HOff'sche Tempraturkoeffizient beinahe unabhängig von der Ionenstärke der Lösung.In ihren konzentrierten Lösungen lassen Na2SO4 und NaNO3 den Temperaturkoeffizienten unverändert, MgSO4 und Mg(NO3)2 erhöhen ihn um 3-5%.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19342170312
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    Beiträge zur systematischen Indikatorenkunde. Mitteilung. Über den Salzfehler einiger Indikatoren (1934)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 217 (1934), S. 353-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1. Die Grundlagen des Salzfehlers bei Methylorange, Methylrot, Phenolphthalein und Kresolrot werden ermittelt, der Einfluß von Natur und Konzentration verschiedener Salze wird untersucht.
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    Über die photochemische Oxydation von Lösungen mit dreiwertigem Antimon und ihre Absorptionsspektren (1934)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 217 (1934), S. 401-416 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Salzsaure und weinsaure Lösungen von Antimontrioxyd sowie solche von Antimonchlorid in gesättigter Kochsalzlösung sind schon durch Sonnenlicht in Gefäßen aus gewöhnlichem Glas photochemisch aktivierbar; sie oxydieren sich z. B. bei Gegenwart von elementarem Sauerstoff. Lösungen von Brechweinstein, von Antimontrioxyd in starker Schwefelsäure, von Antimontrichlorid in Tetrachlorkohlenstoff oder gesättigter Chlorcalciumlösung zeigen diese Erscheinung erst bei Einwirkung von Licht kürzerer Wellenlänge deutlich.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19342170411
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    Zum quantitativen spektralanalytischen Nachweis von Zinn in Kupfer (1934)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 218 (1934), S. 45-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19342180106
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    Zur Druckabhängigkeit der Schwefelsäurebildung mit Stickoxyden als Sauerstoffüberträger. Bemerkung zu den Untersuchungen von E. Berl und F. W. Althoff (1934)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 218 (1934), S. 111-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19342180112
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    Der Einfluß einer Druckbelastung auf den Zerfall des Zementits (1934)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 218 (1934), S. 146-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Durch die vorliegenden Versuche am Roheisen ist folgendes festgestellt worden: 1Bei Temperaturen von der Größenordnung 500° findet im Laufe von 24 Stunden kein Zerfall von Fe3C statt.2Bei 600° erhöht die Belastung die Zerfallsgeschwindigkeit des Zementits, und zwar um so mehr, je größer die Belastung ist.3Bei Temperaturen um 700° und höher geht der Zerfall von Fe3C vie1 rascher vor sich. Der Einfluß der Belastung wird kleiner, und bei 800ß und höher wird dieser unmerklich.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19342180205
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    Schmelzdiagramm des Systems ZrO2—SiO2 (1934)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 218 (1934), S. 193-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1. Es wurde die Liquiduslinie im System ZrO2-SiO2 ermittelt.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19342180211
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    Das Verhalten des Magnesiumions zu Ammoniak in wäßriger Lösung. III. Löslichkeitsveränderung einiger Salze in H3N-haltiger Lösung (1934)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 218 (1934), S. 225-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Aus der Steigerung der Löslichkeit schwerlöslicher Mg-Salze beim Zusatz von H3N wird die Größe der Ammoniakatbildung berechnet. Der chemische und der physikalische Effekt werden diskutiert und die Größe des letzten durch Bestimmung der Löslichkeit von schwerlöslichen Ba-Salzen in H3N-haltiger Lösung sowie von Mg-Salzen in verdünntem wäßrigen CH3OH untersucht.
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    Über den Kohlengraphitierungsprozeß (1934)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 216 (1934), S. 228-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wurde eine vergleichende Untersuchung der Graphitierung verschiedener Kohlen ausgeführt.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19342160304
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    Die thermodynamische Grundlage der Adsorption von Gasgemischen (1934)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 216 (1934), S. 253-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19342160306
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    Nachtrag zu der Arbeit: „Atom-, Schmelz- und Umwandlungswärmen von Gallium, Indium und Thallium“ (1934)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 216 (1934), S. 303-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19342160310
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    Zur Kenntnis der basischen Salze 3. Gleichgewichte im System CuO—CrO3—H2O (1934)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 216 (1934), S. 315-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19342160313
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  • 80
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    Über die Bestimmung des Temperaturintervalls der Transformation der Gläser durch die Änderung der Viskosität mit der Temperatur (1934)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 216 (1934), S. 367-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19342160405
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  • 81
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1934)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 217 (1934) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19342170101
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  • 82
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    Electronic Resource
    Über amphotere Oxydhydrate, ihre höhermolekularen Verbindungen und deren Lösungen. XXII. Mittelung. Über Iso- und Heteropolyvanadinsäuren, Purpureo- und Luteophosphorvanadate; ein Beitrag zur Klärung der Frage nach dem Aufbauprinzip und der Konstitution der Heteropolyverbindungen (1934)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 217 (1934), S. 65-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19342170110
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  • 83
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    Electronic Resource
    Zur Frage der Bildungswärme des Siliciumcarbids und der Existenz des Siloxicons (1934)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 217 (1934), S. 157-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19342170205
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  • 84
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    Über das Nitrosylborfluorid und seine Umsetzung mit Alkalifluoriden (1934)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 217 (1934), S. 161-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Für das Nitrosylborfluorid wurde eine rationelle Methode zur Darstellung größerer Mengen angegeben und ein besonderes Verfahren zur Reinigung mit anschließender Vakuumsublimation ausgearbeitet. Die Dichte des reinen NOBF4 wurde zu 2,185 g · cm ·3ermittelt. Die Umsetzung des NOBF4 mit NaF wurde eingehend untersucht und darauf ein Verfahren zur Darstellung von Nitrosylfluorid aufgebaut. Die Eigenschaften des NOF wurden untersucht und ein labiles Kondensationsprodukt rnit SO2 gefunden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19342170206
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  • 85
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    Das Verhalten des Magnesiumions zu Ammoniak in wäßriger Lösung. I (1934)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 217 (1934), S. 203-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19342170211
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  • 86
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    Electronic Resource
    Das amphotere Verhalten von Metallhydroxyden. VI. Über Plumbite (1934)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 217 (1934), S. 214-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1In den alkalischen Plumbitlösungen sind die komplexen Hydroxoanionen [Pb(OH)3]′; [Pb(OH)4]″; [Pb(OH)6]″″ vorhanden je nach Konzentration und Temperatur der Lauge. Die Isolierung kristallisierter reiner Hydroxoplumbite scheitert infolge ihrer Zersetzlichkeit unter Abscheidung von PbO. Durch partiellen Ersatz der OH-Gruppe durch Halogen, wobei auf 1 Pb höchstens 0,5 Halogen eintreten, erreicht man besonders mit Jod eine so weitgehende Stabilisierung, daß die Darstellung definierter Halogenohydroxoplumbite gelingt, deren Zusammensetzung aus einzelnen Komponenten völlig durchsichtig ist. Mit Sicherheit treten dabei folgende Verbindungen als Teilkomponente auf : Das Auftreten von Doppelverbindungen aus 2 oder 3 Komponenten deckt sich mit dem Befund bei den reinen Halogenosalzen des zweiwertigen Bleis.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19342170212
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  • 87
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    Beiträge zur Chemie des Germaniums. 15. Mitteilung. Das Zustandsdiagramm Germanium-Kupfer (1934)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 217 (1934), S. 289-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19342170310
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  • 88
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    Vergiftung und Aktivierung des Aluminiums und Cadmiums beim Lösen in Salzsäure (1934)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 217 (1934), S. 298-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 12 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19342170311
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  • 89
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    Electronic Resource
    Über die Bildung der Polythionate aus Thiosulfat und salpetriger Säure (1934)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 217 (1934), S. 321-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19342170402
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  • 90
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    Das Verhalten der As-, Sb- und Sn-Salze bei Gegenwart von Kaliumcyanat (1934)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 217 (1934), S. 381-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19342170408
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  • 91
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    Über die Lösungswärmen des Calciumoxyds und des Calciumhydroxyds in ihrer Abhängigkeit von der Konzentration der Salzsäure (1934)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 217 (1934), S. 396-400 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19342170410
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  • 92
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    Electronic Resource
    Über die Lichtabsorption des Hydroperoxyds in alkalischer Lösung (1934)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 218 (1934), S. 16-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19342180103
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  • 93
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    Über die Eigenschaften der ferromagnetischen Legierungen des ternären Systems Eisen-Nickel-Vanadium (1934)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 218 (1934), S. 65-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wurden die ferromagnetischen Legierungen des ternären Systems Eisen-Nickel-Vanadium untersucht.
    Additional Material: 25 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19342180109
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  • 94
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    Electronic Resource
    Berechnung der Zusammensetzung der Dampfphase über binären Gemischen (1934)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 218 (1934), S. 49-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19342180107
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  • 95
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    Die Zerfallswärme des Chlors (1934)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 218 (1934), S. 104-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Der Molwärmeverlauf von Cl2, und von Cl, der kürzlich neu berechnet worden ist, wird benutzt, um die Zerfallswärme Q0 der Chlormolekel, die chemische Konstante i (spektroskopisch, sowie aus Gleichgewichtsmessungen) und die mittleren Gleichgewichtskonstanten neu und mit Berücksichtigung aller Fehler genau zu berechnen. Es ergab sich die Zerfallswärme in vortrefflichem Einklang mit der spektroskopischen Theorie Zu: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ U_0 = 57,1 \pm 2,1{\rm Cal}.$$\end{document} Die chemische Konstante (aus den Gleichgewichtsmessungen) dagegen stimmt bekanntlich bei Cl2, nicht zur einfachen Theorie \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ I_{{\rm gef}{\rm .}} = 2,19 \pm 0,30 \ne 1,326 = i_{{\rm theor}} . $$\end{document}.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19342180111
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  • 96
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    Electronic Resource
    Über die Einführung der Azidgruppe in Komplexsalzen des Kobalts (1934)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 218 (1934), S. 151-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19342180206
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  • 97
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    Ursachen der β,γ-Pigmente der Alkali-, Baryt- und Alkaliboratgläser (1934)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 218 (1934), S. 129-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: β,γ - Bestrahlungspigmente verschiedener Alkalisilikat- und Boratgläser wurden in Beziehung zur vorliegenden Glaskonstitution gebracht. In plötzlich gekühlten Na2O · 2SiO2-Schmelzen erschienen oberhalb 1400° adsorbierte und frei einlagernde SiO2-Formen durch schwärzliche Bestrahlungsänderungen nachweisbar. Als Ursache violetter Bestrahlungsfärbungen waren Na2SiO2 sowie Na2B2O2 zu folgern. Graufärbungen, als Bestrahlungsergebnisse, wiesen auf Silikatumsetzungen hin, die nur bei den sauersten Gläsern der benützten Schmelzreihen gelbe bis braune Silicium- bzw. Boratome reduzierten. Mitunter traten grauverdeckte Violettfärbungen auf, die bei Wärmebehandlung leicht zerstörbar sind. Es ist die Möglichkeit gegeben, daß noch weiterhin natriumangereicherte Formen, als das Monosilikat selbst, Violettfärbungen erbringen. Mit Sicherheit war zu folgern, daß Na2B4O7 nicht mehr als Ursache violetter Bestrahlungsveränderungen anzusehen ist. Da sich Borate dem Silikat angleichen, ist ähnliches Verhalten auch von Na2Si2O2 zu erwarten gewesen. Die Bestrahlungsursachen der Barytgläser konnten dermalen noch nicht sichergestellt werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19342180203
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  • 98
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    Über ein neues Pernitrid des Strontiums und Calciums und über die Imide der Erdalkalimetalle (1934)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 218 (1934), S. 181-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Der thermische Abbau der aus den Metallammoniakaten hergestellten Erdalkaliamide im Hochvakuum führt zu rotbraun gefärbten Produkten von der Zusammensetzung Me3N4· Diese Körper verhalten sich gegen verdünnte Säuren wia die normalen Nitride, nur geben sie neben zwei Molen Ammoniak ein Mol freien Stickstoff ab. Wegen dieses den Peroxyden ähnlichen Verhaltens wird die Bezeichnung „Pernitride“ vorgeschlagen.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19342180209
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  • 99
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    Über die Resultate der Analysen zweier Kohlenaschen (1934)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 218 (1934), S. 201-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19342180212
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  • 100
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    Das Verhalten des Magnesiumions zu Ammoniak in wäßriger Lösung. IV. Das Gleichgewicht in H3N-haltigen Mg-Salzlösungen durch die unvollständige Fällung des Mg(OH)2 mittels H3 (1934)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 218 (1934), S. 235-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Gleichungen, die das Gleichgewicht in H3N-haltigen Mg-Salzlösungen bestimmen, werden aufgestellt. Bestimmungen der Gleichgewichtskonzentrationen werden sorgfältig ausgeführt. Die Möglichkeit, aus derartigen Bestimmungen über die Ammoniakbildung Schlüsse zu ziehen, wird kritisch diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19342180303
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