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  • 1
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    Barrier methods for a control problem from hyperthermia treatment planning (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2019-01-29
    Description: We consider an optimal control problem from hyperthermia treatment planning and its barrier regularization. We derive basic results, which lay the groundwork for the computation of optimal solutions via an interior point path-following method. Further, we report on a numerical implementation of such a method and its performance at an example problem.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 2
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    Transparent boundary conditions for Maxwell's equations: Numerical concepts beyond the PML method (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-09
    Description: Optical technologies are ubiquitously used in hi-tech devices. As a common feature of such devices one finds structures with dimensions in the order of the wavelength of the used light. To design and produce such devices, the wave nature of light must be taken into account. Accordingly, robust simulation tools are required which are based on rigorously solving Maxwell's equations, the governing equations of light propagation within macroscopic media. This thesis contributes to the modeling and the numerical computation of light scattering problems: Light scattering problems are typically posed on the entire space. The Perfectly-Matched -Layer method (PML) is widely used to restrict the simulation problem onto a bounded computational domain. We propose an adaptive PML method which exhibits a good convergence even for critical problems where standard PML implementations fail. Besides the computation of the near field, that is the electromagnetic field within the computational domain, it is of major interest to evaluate the electromagnetic field in the exterior domain and to compute the far field. So far, this was numerically only possible for simple geometries such as homogeneous exterior domains or layered media. To deal with more complicated devices, for example with waveguide inhomogeneities, we develop an evaluation formula based on the PML solution which allows for an exterior domain field evaluation in a half space above the device. Finally, we generalize the PML method to problems with multiply structured exterior domains. The term “multiply structured exterior domain” is defined in this thesis and means that the exterior domain exhibits several half-infinite structures. Mathematically, this gives rise to various complications. For example, no analytical solutions to Maxwell's equations for standard light sources are available in the exterior domain, which are needed to describe the incoming field in a light scattering problem. To tackle this we propose a new light scattering problem formulation which fits well into the PML method framework and which may be regarded as an extension of classical contributions by Sommerfeld, Wiener and Hopf. An exterior domain evaluation formula for multiply structured exterior domains with an extended illumination is derived as well.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: doctoralthesis , doc-type:doctoralThesis
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  • 3
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    The Coolest Path Problem (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: We introduce the coolest path problem, which is a mixture of two well-known problems from distinct mathematical fields. One of them is the shortest path problem from combinatorial optimization. The other is the heat conduction problem from the field of partial differential equations. Together, they make up a control problem, where some geometrical object traverses a digraph in an optimal way, with constraints on intermediate or the final state. We discuss some properties of the problem and present numerical solution techniques. We demonstrate that the problem can be formulated as a linear mixed-integer program. Numerical solutions can thus be achieved within one hour for instances with up to 70 nodes in the graph.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    The MCF-Separator -- Detecting and Exploiting Multi-Commodity Flow Structures in MIPs (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2021-08-05
    Description: Given a general mixed integer program (MIP), we automatically detect block structures in the constraint matrix together with the coupling by capacity constraints arising from multi-commodity-flow formulations. We identify the underlying graph and generate cutting planes based on cuts in the detected network. Our implementation adds a separator to the branch-and-cut libraries of SCIP and CPLEX. We make use of the complemented mixed integer rounding framework (cMIR) but provide a special purpose aggregation heuristic that exploits the network structure. Our separation scheme speeds-up the computation for a large set of MIPs coming from network design problems by a factor of two on average.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 5
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    Veränderungen der Publikations- und Kommunikationswelt: Open Access, Google, etc. (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2020-12-11
    Description: Vorbemerkung Beim Schreiben dieses Artikels, der auf Veränderungen der Kommunikations- und Publikationstechniken und ihre Bedeutung hinweist, ist uns mehr als je zuvor bewusst geworden, wie beschränkt das Medium Papier ist. Es gibt z. B. keine Hyperlinks, durch die man unmittelbar das Erwähnte erleben oder überprüfen kann. Ein schneller Wechsel vom Wort zum Bild, zum Ton oder Video ist nicht möglich. Wer will schon lange URLs abtippen und Medienbrüche erleiden? Wir haben uns daher entschlossen, eine textidentische Version dieses Artikels mit allen URLs – sie liegt Ihnen hier vor – elektronisch anzubieten und in der für die "Gegenworte" (BBAW) gekürzten Fassung nur durch [URL] anzudeuten, dass der Leser an dieser Stelle einfach in der elektronischen Version einen Klick ins Internet machen sollte. Und damit sind wir bereits mitten im Thema.
    Keywords: ddc:020
    Language: German
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 6
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    Nonlinear pseudo-Boolean optimization: relaxation or propagation? (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2022-03-14
    Description: Pseudo-Boolean problems lie on the border between satisfiability problems, constraint programming, and integer programming. In particular, nonlinear constraints in pseudo-Boolean optimization can be handled by methods arising in these different fields: One can either linearize them and work on a linear programming relaxation or one can treat them directly by propagation. In this paper, we investigate the individual strengths of these approaches and compare their computational performance. Furthermore, we integrate these techniques into a branch-and-cut-and-propagate framework, resulting in an efficient nonlinear pseudo-Boolean solver.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 7
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    Ergebnisse aus dem BVB-KOBV-Entwicklungsprojekt "Literaturverwaltungsprogramme": Handreichung für Bibliotheken (2009)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-11
    Description: Zwischen dem Bibliotheksverbund Bayern (BVB) und dem Kooperativen Bibliotheksverbund Berlin-Brandenburg (KOBV) besteht seit Ende 2007 eine Strategische Allianz, die auf zwei Säulen beruht: einer langfristigen Entwicklungspartnerschaft einerseits und der Kooperation im Dienstleistungsbereich mit der Integration der Verbundkataloge andererseits. Ende 2008 wurde das erste Entwicklungsprojekt "Literaturverwaltungsprogramme" abgeschlossen, dessen Ergebnisse in dieser Handreichung in Form von Handlungsempfehlungen für Bibliotheken vorgestellt werden. Ziel des Projekts war es, den Datenaustausch zwischen den Bibliotheks- und Verbundkatalogen des BVB und KOBV und gängigen Literaturverwaltungsprogrammen zu optimieren. Neben Handlungsempfehlungen für die Implementierung neuer Exportschnittstellen und die Verbesserung bestehender Exportmöglichkeiten werden Hinweise auf verbesserte Nutzerführung gegeben. Die Empfehlungen beziehen sich vorwiegend auf den Datenaustausch zwischen den Bibliothekssystemen Aleph 500, MetaLib und WebOPAC/InfoGuide und den Literaturverwaltungsprogrammen Citavi, EndNote, RefWorks und Zotero.
    Keywords: ddc:020
    Language: German
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 8
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    Planning Problems in Public Transit (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: Every day, millions of people are transported by buses, trains, and airplanes in Germany. Public transit (PT) is of major importance for the quality of life of individuals as well as the productivity of entire regions. Quality and efficiency of PT systems depend on the political framework (state-run, market oriented) and the suitability of the infrastructure (railway tracks, airport locations), the existing level of service (timetable, flight schedule), the use of adequate technologies (information, control, and booking systems), and the best possible deployment of equipment and resources (energy, vehicles, crews). The decision, planning, and optimization problems arising in this context are often gigantic and “scream” for mathematical support because of their complexity. This article sketches the state and the relevance of mathematics in planning and operating public transit, describes today’s challenges, and suggests a number of innovative actions. The current contribution of mathematics to public transit is — depending on the transportation mode — of varying depth. Air traffic is already well supported by mathematics. Bus traffic made significant advances in recent years, while rail traffic still bears significant opportunities for improvements. In all areas of public transit, the existing potentials are far from being exhausted. For some PT problems, such as vehicle and crew scheduling in bus and air traffic, excellent mathematical tools are not only available, but used in many places. In other areas, such as rolling stock rostering in rail traffic, the performance of the existing mathematical algorithms is not yet sufficient. Some topics are essentially untouched from a mathematical point of view; e.g., there are (except for air traffic) no network design or fare planning models of practical relevance. PT infrastructure construction is essentially devoid of mathematics, even though enormous capital investments are made in this area. These problems lead to questions that can only be tackled by engineers, economists, politicians, and mathematicians in a joint effort. Among other things, the authors propose to investigate two specific topics, which can be addressed at short notice, are of fundamental importance not only for the area of traffic planning, should lead to a significant improvement in the collaboration of all involved parties, and, if successful, will be of real value for companies and customers: • discrete optimal control: real-time re-planning of traffic systems in case of disruptions, • model integration: service design in bus and rail traffic. Work on these topics in interdisciplinary research projects could be funded by the German ministry of research and education (BMBF), the German ministry of economics (BMWi), or the German science foundation (DFG).
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    Solving Steel Mill Slab Problems with Branch and Price (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: The steel mill slab design problem from the CSPLib is a binpacking problem that is motivated by an application of the steel industry and that has been widely studied in the constraint programming community. Recently, several people proposed new models and methods to solve this problem. A steel mill slab library was created which contains 380 instances. A closely related binpacking problem called multiple knapsack problem with color constraints, originated from the same industrial problem, were discussed in the integer programming community. In particular, a simple integer programming for this problem has been given by Forrest et al. [3]. The aim of this paper is to bring these different studies together. Moreover, we adopt the model of [3] for the steel mill slab problem. Using a state of the art integer program solver, this model is capable to solve all instances of the steel mill slab library, mostly in less than one second, to optimality. We improved, thereby, the solution value of 76 instances.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    On the Hardness of Finding Small Shortest Path Routing Conflicts (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: Nowadays most data networks use shortest path protocols such as OSPF or IS-IS to route traffic. Given administrative routing lengths for the links of a network, all data packets are sent along shortest paths with respect to these lengths from their source to their destination. One of the most fundamental problems in planning shortest path networks is to decide whether a given set of routing paths forms a valid routing and, if this is not the case, to find a small subset of the given paths that cannot be shortest paths simultaneously for any routing lengths. In this paper we show that it is NP-hard to approximate the size of the smallest shortest path conflict by a factor less than 7/6.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
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  • 11
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    A Binary Quadratic Programming Approach to the Vehicle Positioning Problem (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: The Vehicle Positioning Problem (VPP) consists of the assignment of vehicles (buses, trams or trains) of a public transport or railway company to parking positions in a depot and to timetabled trips. Such companies have many different types of vehicles, and each trip can be performed only by vehicles of some of these types. These assignments are non-trivial due to the topology of depots. The parking positions are organized in tracks, which work as one- or two-sided stacks or queues. If a required type of vehicle is not available in the front of any track, shunting movements must be performed in order to change vehicles' positions, which is undesirable and should be avoided. In this text we present integer linear and non-linear programming formulations for some versions of the problem and compare them from a theoretical and a computational point of view.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
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  • 12
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    Statistical Error Estimation and Grid-free Hierarchical Refinement in Conformation Dynamics (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2020-03-11
    Description: The understanding of geometric structures and dynamical properties of molecular conformations gives insight into molecular long-term behavior. The identification of metastable conformations together with their life times and transition patterns is the intention of conformation dynamics. Conformation dynamics is a multi-scale approach that leads to a reduced description of the dynamical system in terms of a stochastic transition probability matrix. The present thesis deals with the error analysis of computed matrices and the resulting matrix functions. Since conformational membership vectors, as they are computed by the Robust Perron Cluster Analysis (PCCA+), form an invariant subspace of the transition matrix, subspace-based error estimators are of particular interest. The decomposition of the state space into basis functions and the approximation of integrals by Monte-Carlo quadrature give rise to row-wise correlated random matrices, for which stochastic norms are computed. Together with an appropriate statistical model for the distribution of matrix rows, this allows for the calculation of error bounds and error distributions of the invariant subspace and other variables of interest. Equilibration of errors among the basis functions can be achieved by enhanced sampling in regions where the trajectories are mixing slowly. Hierarchical refinement of such basis functions systematically improves the clustering into metastable conformations by reducing the error in the corresponding invariant subspace. These techniques allow for an evaluation of simulation results and pave the way for the analysis of larger molecules. Moreover, the extension of PCCA+ to non-reversible Markov chains, verified by the corresponding perturbation theory, and the modification of the objective function for the case of soft membership vectors represent a further generalization of the clustering method, thus continuing the development from PCCA over PCCA+ to PCCA++. The methods developed in this thesis are useful for but not limited to conformation dynamics. In fact, they are applicable to a broader class of problems which combine domain decomposition with Monte-Carlo quadrature. Possible application areas may include the chemical master equation or quantum dynamical systems.
    Description: Das Verständnis von geometrischen Strukturen und dynamischen Eigenschaften molekularer Konformationen ist essentiell für die Vorhersage des Langzeitverhaltens von Molekülen. Die Identifikation metastabiler Konformationen sowie die Bestimmung von Übergangswahrscheinlichkeiten und Haltezeiten sind Bestandteil der Konformationdynamik. Dabei handelt es sich um eine Mehrskalenmethode, die auf eine reduzierte Beschreibung des Systems mittels einer stochastischen Übergangsmatrix führt. In der vorliegenden Dissertation wurde untersucht, wie man die Genauigkeit der Matrizen sowie der daraus berechneten Größen quantifizieren kann. Im Mittelpunkt stehen dabei Fehlerschätzer für den invarianten Unterraum, da die rechten Eigenvektoren als Grundlage der Robusten Perron Cluster Analyse (PCCA+) zur Identifizierung der metastabilen Konformationen dienen. Die Zerlegung des Zustandsraumes in Basisfunktionen sowie die Approximation der Matrixeinträge mittels Monte-Carlo-Quadratur führen zu zeilenweise korrelierten Zufallsmatrizen. Mit Hilfe einer stochastischen Norm sowie einem geeigneten statistischen Modell für die Verteilung der Matrixzeilen können u.a. Fehlerschranken und -verteilungen für den invarianten Unterraum brechnet werden. Eine Equilibrierung des Fehlers zwischen den Basisfunktionen kann durch erweitertes Sampling in solchen Regionen erreicht werden, in denen die Trajektorien nur langsam mischen.Eine hierarchische Zerlegung dieser Basisfunktionen verbessert systematisch die Zerlegung in metastabile Konformationen, indem sie den Fehler im invarianten Unterraum reduziert. Diese Techniken gestatten eine Evaluierung der Simulationsergebnisse und ebnen den Weg zur Behandlung komplexerer Moleküle. Desweiteren wurden Verallgemeinerungen der PCCA+ untersucht. Die Erweiterung der PCCA+ auf nicht-reversible Markov-Ketten sowie die Modifizierung der Zielfunktion für den Fall der weichen Clusterung setzen die Entwicklung von der PCCA über PCCA+ zu PCCA++ fort. Somit können neue Anwendungsfelder für dieses Cluster-Verfahren erschlossen werden. Die Methoden wurden zwar in Rahmen der Konformationsdynamik entwickelt, jedoch lassen sie sich auf eine weite Problemklasse anwenden, in der Gebietszerlegungsverfahren mit Monte-Carlo-Quadratur kombiniert werden. Mögliche Anwendungsgebiete umfassen die chemische Master-Gleichung oder quantenchemische Systeme.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: doctoralthesis , doc-type:doctoralThesis
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  • 13
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    A Set Partitioning Approach to Shunting (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: The Vehicle Positioning Problem (VPP) is a classical combinatorial optimization problem in public transport planning. A number of models and approaches have been suggested in the literature, which work for small problems, but not for large ones. We propose in this article a novel set partitioning model and an associated column generation solution approach for the VPP. The model provides a tight linear description of the problem. The pricing problem, and hence the LP relaxation itself, can be solved in polynomial resp. pseudo-polynomial time for some versions of the problems.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
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  • 14
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    Solving Large-scale Open Pit Mining Production Scheduling Problems by Integer Programming (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: Since the initial application of mathematical optimisation methods to mine planning in 1965, the Lerchs-Grossmann algorithm for computing the ultimate pit limit, operations researchers have worked on a variety of challenging problems in the area of open pit mining. This thesis focuses on the open pit mining production scheduling problem: Given the discretisation of an orebody as a block model, determine the sequence in which the blocks should be removed from the pit, over the lifespan of the mine, such that the net present value of the mining operation is maximised. In practise, when some material has been removed from the pit, it must be processed further in order to extract the valuable elements contained therein. If the concentration of valuable elements is not sufficiently high, the material is discarded as waste or stockpiled. Realistically-sized block models can contain hundreds of thousands of blocks. A common approach to render these problem instances computationally tractable is the aggregation of blocks to larger scheduling units. The thrust of this thesis is the investigation of a new mixed-integer programming formulation for the open pit mining production scheduling problem, which allows for processing decisions to be made at block level, while the actual mining schedule is still computed at aggregate level. A drawback of this model in its full form is the large number of additional variables needed to model the processing decisions. One main result of this thesis shows how these processing variables can be aggregated efficiently to reduce the problem size significantly, while practically incurring no loss in net present value. The second focus is on the application of lagrangean relaxation to the resource constraints. Using a result of Möhring et al. (2003) for project scheduling, the lagrangean relaxation can be solved efficiently via minimum cut computations in a weighted digraph. Experiments with a bundle algorithm implementation by Helmberg showed how the lagrangean dual can be solved within a small fraction of the time required by standard linear programming algorithms, while yielding practically the same dual bound. Finally, several problem-specific heuristics are presented together with computational results: two greedy sub-MIP start heuristics and a large neighbourhood search heuristic. A combination of a lagrangean-based start heuristic followed by a large neighbourhood search proved to be effective in generating solutions with objective values within a 0.05% gap of the optimum.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: masterthesis , doc-type:masterThesis
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  • 15
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    1D-Reduktion thermal signifikanter Aderstränge in der Hyperthermie-Modellierung (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2019-01-29
    Description: In dieser Arbeit wird ein neuer Ansatz zur Modellierung von thermal signifikanten Gefäßsträngen im Hyperthermie-Kontext betrachtet. Ausgehend von einer Konvektions-Diffusions-Gleichung wird durch Reskalierung des Massenflussterms eine Reduktion des Adergebietes auf eine 1D-Struktur erreicht. Nach numerischen Vorbetrachtungen wird die Grenzgleichung innerhalb einer verallgemeinerten Sobolev-Algebra formuliert. Die Untersuchung der Lösungsfamilie in klassischen Funktionenräumen zeigt, dass deren schwacher Grenzwert die Lösung der korrespondierenden Diffusions-Gleichung ist. Die Diskretisierung einer formalen Grenzgleichung mit Linienstromanteil stellt jedoch eine gute Approximation an die Diskretisierung des ursprünglichen Problems dar, wenn man die lokale Maschenweite an die Gefäßradien koppelt und bei erhöhtem Genauigkeitsbedarf auf ein vollständiges 3D-Modell umschaltet.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: German
    Type: masterthesis , doc-type:masterThesis
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  • 16
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    Undercover – a primal heuristic for MINLP based on sub-MIPs generated by set covering (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2022-03-14
    Description: We present Undercover, a primal heuristic for mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP). The heuristic constructs a mixed-integer linear subproblem (sub-MIP) of a given MINLP by fixing a subset of the variables. We solve a set covering problem to identify a minimal set of variables which need to be fixed in order to linearise each constraint. Subsequently, these variables are fixed to approximate values, e.g. obtained from a linear outer approximation. The resulting sub-MIP is solved by a mixed-integer linear programming solver. Each feasible solution of the sub-MIP corresponds to a feasible solution of the original problem. Although general in nature, the heuristic seems most promising for mixed-integer quadratically constrained programmes (MIQCPs). We present computational results on a general test set of MIQCPs selected from the MINLPLib.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
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  • 17
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    On sojourn times in M/GI systems under state-dependent processor sharing (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: We consider a system with Poisson arrivals and i.i.d. service times. The requests are served according to the state-dependent processor sharing discipline, where each request receives a service capacity which depends on the actual number of requests in the system. The linear systems of PDEs describing the residual and attained sojourn times coincide for this system, which provides time reversibility including sojourn times for this system, and their minimal non negative solution gives the LST of the sojourn time $V(\tau)$ of a request with required service time $\tau$. For the case that the service time distribution is exponential in a neighborhood of zero, we derive a linear system of ODEs, whose minimal non negative solution gives the LST of $V(\tau)$, and which yields linear systems of ODEs for the moments of $V(\tau)$ in the considered neighborhood of zero. Numerical results are presented for the variance of $V(\tau)$. In case of an M/GI/2-PS system, the LST of $V(\tau)$ is given in terms of the solution of a convolution equation in the considered neighborhood of zero. For bounded from below service times, surprisingly simple expressions for the LST and variance of $V(\tau)$ in this neighborhood of zero are derived, which yield in particular the LST and variance of $V(\tau)$ in M/D/2-PS.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
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  • 18
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    E-Learning and the Working Mathematician (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2020-12-11
    Description: Eigentlich war der erste Autor nur zu einem Grußwort zur Tagung „GML² 2009 - Grundfragen Multi¬medialen Lehrens und Lernens“ eingeladen. Daraus wurde ein E-Learning-bezogener Vortrag, der – basierend auf Erfahrungen im Fach Mathematik – einen kritischen Blick auf die E-Learning-Szene in Deutschland wirft und diese mit entsprechenden Aktivitäten weltweit vergleicht. Dies ist die in seinen mathematischen Teilen gekürzte, in den E-Learning-Anteilen ein wenig erweiterte schriftliche Fassung des Vortrags. Der Artikel stammt nicht von E-Learning-Spezialisten sondern von Personen, die sich seit fast zwanzig Jahren mit elektronischer Information und Kommunikation (kurz: IuK) – insbesondere in der Mathematik – beschäftigen. Nach einer Definition von Michael Kerres kennzeichnet der Begriff E-Learning (electronic learning – elektronisch unterstütztes Lernen) alle Formen von Lernen, bei denen digitale Medien für die Präsentation und Distribution von Lernmaterialien und/oder zur Unterstützung zwischenmenschlicher Kommunikation zum Einsatz kommen, siehe z.B. http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-Learning. IuK und E-Learning haben nach dieser Begriffsbildung viele Berührungspunkte. Deswegen wagen wir es, unsere positiven und negativen Erfahrungen im Bereich IuK in diesem Eröffnungsvortrag zu berichten, einige Entwicklungslinien zu vergleichen und eine eigene Kurzversion der Definition von E-Learning (besser E-Teaching and -Learning) voranzustellen: „Lehren und Lernen mit Unterstützung elektronischer Hilfsmittel“.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: German
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 19
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    Optimal Design of Survivable Multi-layer Telecommunication Networks (2009)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: Telecommunication transport networks consist of a stack of technologically different subnetworks, so-called layers, which are strongly interdependent. For example, one layer may correspond to an Internet (IP) backbone network whose links are realized by lightpath connections in an underlying optical fiber layer. To ensure that the network can fulfill its task of routing all communication requests, the inter-layer dependencies have to be taken into account already in the planning phase of the network. This is particularly important with survivability constraints, where connections in one layer have to be protected against cable cuts or equipment failures in another layer. The traditional sequential planning approach where one layer is optimized after the other cannot properly take care of the inter-layer dependencies; this can only be achieved with an integrated planning of several network layers at the same time. This thesis provides mathematical models and algorithmic techniques for the integrated optimization of two network layers with survivability constraints. We describe a multi-layer network design problem which occurs in various technologies, and model it mathematically using mixed-integer programming (MIP) formulations. The presented models cover many important practical side constraints from different technological contexts. In contrast to previous models from the literature, they can be used to design large two-layer networks with survivability requirements. We discuss modeling alternatives for various aspects of a multi-layer network and compare different routing formulations under multi-layer survivability constraints. We solve our models using a branch-and-cut-and-price approach with various problemspecific enhancements. This includes a presolving technique based on linear programming to reduce the problem size, combinatorial and sub-MIP-based primal heuristics to compute feasible network configurations, cutting planes which take the multi-layer survivability constraints into account to improve the lower bound on the optimal network cost, and column generation to generate flow variables dynamically during the algorithm. We develop techniques to speed up computations in a Benders decomposition approach and compare this approach to the standard formulation with a single MIP. We use the developed techniques to design large survivable two-layer networks by means of linear and integer programming methods. On realistic test instances with up to 67 network nodes and survivability constraints, we investigate the algorithmic impact of our techniques and show how to use them to compute good network configurations with quality guarantees. Most of the smaller test instances with up to 17 nodes can be solved to near-optimality. Moreover, we can compute feasible solutions and dual bounds even for large networks with survivability constraints, which has not been possible before.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: doctoralthesis , doc-type:doctoralThesis
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    On the Factorization of Simplex Basis Matrices (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: In the simplex algorithm, solving linear systems with the basis matrix and its transpose accounts for a large part of the total computation time. We investigate various methods from modern numerical linear algebra to improve the computation speed of the basis updates arising in LPs. The experiments are executed on a large real-world test set. The most widely used solution technique is sparse LU factorization, paired with an updating scheme that allows to use the factors over several iterations. Clearly, small number of fill-in elements in the LU factors is critical for the overall performance. Using a wide range of LPs we show numerically that after a simple permutation the non-triangular part of the basis matrix is so small, that the whole matrix can be factorized with (relative) fill-in close to the optimum. This permutation has been exploited by simplex practitioners for many years. But to our knowledge no systematic numerical study has been published that demonstrates the effective reduction to a surprisingly small non-triangular problem, even for large scale LPs. For the factorization of the non-triangular part most existing simplex codes use some variant of dynamic Markowitz pivoting, which originated in the late 1950s. We also show numerically that, in terms of fill-in and in the simplex context, dynamic Markowitz is quite consistently superior to other, more recently developed techniques.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
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  • 21
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    Computing expectation values for molecular quantum dynamics (2009)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-03-11
    Description: We compute expectation values for the solution of the nuclear Schrödinger equation. The proposed particle method consists of three steps: sampling of the initial Wigner function, classical transport of the sampling points, weighted phase space summation for the final computation of the expectation values. The Egorov theorem guarantees that the algorithm is second order accurate with respect to the semiclassical parameter. We present numerical experiments for a two-dimensional torsional potential with three different sets of initial data and for a six-dimensional Henon-Heiles potential. By construction, the computing times scale linearly with the number of initial sampling points and range between three seconds and one hour.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
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  • 22
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    Extending a CIP framework to solve MIQCPs (2009)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-14
    Description: This paper discusses how to build a solver for mixed integer quadratically constrained programs (MIQCPs) by extending a framework for constraint integer programming (CIP). The advantage of this approach is that we can utilize the full power of advanced MIP and CP technologies. In particular, this addresses the linear relaxation and the discrete components of the problem. For relaxation, we use an outer approximation generated by linearization of convex constraints and linear underestimation of nonconvex constraints. Further, we give an overview of the reformulation, separation, and propagation techniques that are used to handle the quadratic constraints efficiently. We implemented these methods in the branch-cut-and-price framework SCIP. Computational experiments indicates the potential of the approach.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
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  • 23
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    A Subspace Approach to Molecular Markov State Models via an Infinitesimal Generator (2009)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-09
    Description: Supercomputers can simulate complex molecular systems. However, there is a very large gap between the fastest oscillations of covalent bonds of a molecule and the time-scale of the dominant processes. In order to extract the dominant time-scales and to identify the dominant processes, a clustering of information is needed. This thesis shows that only the subspace-based Robust Perron Cluster Analysis (PCCA+) can solve this problem correctly by the construction of a Markov State Model. PCCA+ allows for time-extrapolation in molecular kinetics. This thesis shows the difference between molecular dynamics and molecular kinetics. Only in the molecular kinetics framework a definition of transition rates is possible. In this context, the existence of an infinitesimal generator of the dynamical processes is discussed. If the existence is assumed, the Theorem of Gauß can be applied in order to compute transition rates efficiently. Molecular dynamics, however, is not able to provide a suitable statistical basis for the determination of the transition pattern.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
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  • 24
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    Approximations for the second moments of sojourn times in M/GI systems under state-dependent processor sharing (2009)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: We consider a system with Poisson arrivals and general service times, where the requests are served according to the State-Dependent Processor Sharing (SDPS) discipline (Cohen's generalized processor sharing discipline), where each request receives a service capacity which depends on the actual number of requests in the system. For this system, denoted by $M/GI/SDPS$, we derive approximations for the squared coefficients of variation of the conditional sojourn time of a request given its service time and of the unconditional sojourn time by means of two-moment fittings of the service times. The approximations are given in terms of the squared coefficients of variation of the conditional and unconditional sojourn time in related $M/D/SDPS$ and $M/M/SDPS$ systems, respectively. The numerical results presented for $M/GI/m-PS$ systems illustrate that the proposed approximations work well.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
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  • 25
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    Zum Nutzen des Web 2.0 für „Die kleine Kollaboration“ in den Wissenschaften (2009)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-11
    Description: Gemeinsame Web-Auftritte zu organisieren, die sich über mehrere Institutionen und Fachgebiete erstrecken, ist eine anspruchsvolle und faszinierende Aufgabe, die auf verschiedene Weise gelingen, aber auch scheitern kann. Wer sich daran versucht, tut gut daran, sich über bestimmte Prinzipien und technische Mittel zu informieren, die das fortgeschrittene Web ihm heute bietet. Das Internet, das World Wide Web und das moderne Web 2.0 sind in einer fast zwanzig Jahre dauernden Kollaboration einer globalen Gemeinschaft von Entwicklern und Anwendern entstanden. Es enthält heute eine Fülle sofort einsetzbarer Komponenten, von der „Benutzerdefinierten Google-Suche Beta“ mit Google‘s PageRanking auf ausgewählten Web-Seiten bis hin zum automatisierten Web-Server mit Content-Management für das „Mitmach-Web“. Der Artikel stellt nur eine kleine Auswahl solcher Lösungen vor und macht den Versuch, einige Prinzipien des Web 2.0 so herauszuarbeiten, dass die notwendige Kommunikation zwischen Managern, Technikern, Redakteuren und Organisatoren in der kleinen Kollaboration unterstützt wird. „Kleine Kollaboration“ bedeutet hier, dass es nicht um die globale Vernetzung von technischen Großgeräten der e-Science gehen soll, auch nicht um die Super-Suchmaschine in Europa, sondern um die Unterstützung der Zusammenarbeit und Kommunikation von Wissenschaftlern und Museumsfachleuten mit Ihren Nutzern.
    Keywords: ddc:020
    Language: German
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  • 26
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    Insensitivity bounds for the moments of the sojourn times in M/GI systems under state-dependent processor sharing (2009)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: We consider a system with Poisson arrivals and i.i.d. service times and where the requests are served according to the state-dependent (Cohen's generalized) processor sharing discipline, where each request in the system receives a service capacity which depends on the actual number of requests in the system. For this system we derive asymptotically tight upper bounds for the moments of the conditional sojourn time of a request with given required service time. The bounds generalize corresponding results, recently given for the single-server processor sharing system by Cheung et al. and for the state-dependent processor sharing system with exponential service times by the authors. Analogous results hold for the waiting times.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
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  • 27
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    Randomized Online Algorithms for Dynamic Multi-Period Routing Problems (2009)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-13
    Description: The Dynamic Multi-Period Routing Problem DMPRP introduced by Angelelli et al. gives a model for a two-stage online-offline routing problem. At the beginning of each time period a set of customers becomes known. The customers need to be served either in the current time period or in the following. Postponed customers have to be served in the next time period. The decision whether to postpone a customer has to be done online. At the end of each time period, an optimal tour for the customers assigned to this period has to be computed and this computation can be done offline. The objective of the problem is to minimize the distance traveled over all planning periods assuming optimal routes for the customers selected in each period. We provide the first randomized online algorithms for the DMPRP which beat the known lower bounds for deterministic algorithms. For the special case of two planning periods we provide lower bounds on the competitive ratio of any randomized online algorithm against the oblivious adversary. We identify a randomized algorithm that achieves the optimal competitive ratio of $\frac{1+\sqrt{2}}{2}$ for two time periods on the real line. For three time periods, we give a randomized algorithm that is strictly better than any deterministic algorithm.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
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  • 28
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    Constraint Integer Programming (2009)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-08-05
    Description: This thesis introduces the novel paradigm of "constraint integer programming" (CIP), which integrates constraint programming (CP) and mixed integer programming (MIP) modeling and solving techniques. It is supplemented by the software SCIP, which is a solver and framework for constraint integer programming that also features SAT solving techniques. SCIP is freely available in source code for academic and non-commercial purposes. Our constraint integer programming approach is a generalization of MIP that allows for the inclusion of arbitrary constraints, as long as they turn into linear constraints on the continuous variables after all integer variables have been fixed. The constraints, may they be linear or more complex, are treated by any combination of CP and MIP techniques: the propagation of the domains by constraint specific algorithms, the generation of a linear relaxation and its solving by LP methods, and the strengthening of the LP by cutting plane separation. The current version of SCIP comes with all of the necessary components to solve mixed integer programs. In the thesis, we cover most of these ingredients and present extensive computational results to compare different variants for the individual building blocks of a MIP solver. We focus on the algorithms and their impact on the overall performance of the solver. In addition to mixed integer programming, the thesis deals with chip design verification, which is an important topic of electronic design automation. Chip manufacturers have to make sure that the logic design of a circuit conforms to the specification of the chip. Otherwise, the chip would show an erroneous behavior that may cause failures in the device where it is employed. An important subproblem of chip design verification is the property checking problem, which is to verify whether a circuit satisfies a specified property. We show how this problem can be modeled as constraint integer program and provide a number of problem-specific algorithms that exploit the structure of the individual constraints and the circuit as a whole. Another set of extensive computational benchmarks compares our CIP approach to the current state-of-the-art SAT methodology and documents the success of our method.
    Description: Diese Arbeit stellt einen integrierten Ansatz aus "Constraint Programming" (CP) und Gemischt-Ganzzahliger Programmierung ("Mixed Integer Programming", MIP) vor, den wir "Constraint Integer Programming" (CIP) nennen. Sowohl Modellierungs- als auch Lösungstechniken beider Felder fließen in den neuen integrierten Ansatz ein, um die unterschiedlichen Stärken der beiden Gebiete zu kombinieren. Als weiteren Beitrag stellen wir der wissenschaftlichen Gemeinschaft die Software SCIP zur Verfügung, die ein Framework für Constraint Integer Programming darstellt und zusätzlich Techniken des SAT-Lösens beinhaltet. SCIP ist im Source Code für akademische und nicht-kommerzielle Zwecke frei erhältlich. Unser Ansatz des Constraint Integer Programming ist eine Verallgemeinerung von MIP, die zusätzlich die Verwendung beliebiger Constraints erlaubt, solange sich diese durch lineare Bedingungen ausdrücken lassen falls alle ganzzahligen Variablen auf feste Werte eingestellt sind. Die Constraints werden von einer beliebigen Kombination aus CP- und MIP-Techniken behandelt. Dies beinhaltet insbesondere die "Domain Propagation", die Relaxierung der Constraints durch lineare Ungleichungen, sowie die Verstärkung der Relaxierung durch dynamisch generierte Schnittebenen. Die derzeitige Version von SCIP enthält alle Komponenten, die für das effiziente Lösen von Gemischt-Ganzzahligen Programmen benötigt werden. Die vorliegende Arbeit liefert eine ausführliche Beschreibung dieser Komponenten und bewertet verschiedene Varianten in Hinblick auf ihren Einfluß auf das Gesamt-Lösungsverhalten anhand von aufwendigen praktischen Experimenten. Dabei wird besonders auf die algorithmischen Aspekte eingegangen. Ein weiterer Hauptteil der Arbeit befasst sich mit der Chip-Design-Verifikation, die ein wichtiges Thema innerhalb des Fachgebiets der "Electronic Design Automation" darstellt. Chip-Hersteller müssen sicherstellen, dass der logische Entwurf einer Schaltung der gegebenen Spezifikation entspricht. Andernfalls würde der Chip fehlerhaftes Verhalten aufweisen, dass zu Fehlfunktionen innerhalb des Gerätes führen kann, in dem der Chip verwendet wird. Ein wichtiges Teilproblem in diesem Feld ist das Eigenschafts-Verifikations-Problem, bei dem geprüft wird, ob der gegebene Schaltkreisentwurf eine gewünschte Eigenschaft aufweist. Wir zeigen, wie dieses Problem als Constraint Integer Program modelliert werden kann und geben eine Reihe von problemspezifischen Algorithmen an, die die Struktur der einzelnen Constraints und der Gesamtschaltung ausnutzen. Testrechnungen auf Industrie-Beispielen vergleichen unseren Ansatz mit den bisher verwendeten SAT-Techniken und belegen den Erfolg unserer Methode.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: doctoralthesis , doc-type:doctoralThesis
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    Fare Planning for Public Transport (2009)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: In this paper we investigate the fare planning model for public transport, which consists in designing a system of fares maximizing the revenue. We discuss a discrete choice model in which passengers choose between different travel alternatives to express the demand as a function of fares. Furthermore, we give a computational example for the city of Potsdam and discuss some theoretical aspects.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
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  • 30
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    Improving the performance of elevator systems using exact reoptimization algorithms (2009)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: This extended abstract is about algorithms for controlling elevator systems employing destination hall calls, i.e. the passenger provides his destination floor when calling an elevator. We present the first exact algorithm for controlling a group of elevators and report on simulation results indicating that destination hall call systems outperform conventional systems.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 31
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    On goal-oriented adaptivity for elliptic optimal control problems (2009)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-29
    Description: The paper proposes goal-oriented error estimation and mesh refinement for optimal control problems with elliptic PDE constraints using the value of the reduced cost functional as quantity of interest. Error representation, hierarchical error estimators, and greedy-style error indicators are derived and compared to their counterparts when using the all-at-once cost functional as quantity of interest. Finally, the efficiency of the error estimator and generated meshes are demonstrated on numerical examples.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
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  • 32
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    Consistency Results for the Contact-Stabilized Newmark Method (2009)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-09
    Description: The paper considers the time integration of frictionless dynamical contact problems between viscoelastic bodies in the frame of the Signorini condition. Among the numerical integrators, interest focuses on the contact-stabilized Newmark method recently suggested by Deuflhard et al., which is compared to the classical Newmark method and an improved energy dissipative version due to Kane et al. In the absence of contact, any such variant is equivalent to the Störmer-Verlet scheme, which is well-known to have consistency order 2. In the presence of contact, however, the classical approach to discretization errors would not show consistency at all because of the discontinuity at the contact. Surprisingly, the question of consistency in the constrained situation has not been solved yet. The present paper fills this gap by means of a novel proof technique using specific norms based on earlier perturbation results due to the authors. The corresponding estimation of the local discretization error requires the bounded total variation of the solution. The results have consequences for the construction of an adaptive timestep control, which will be worked out subsequently in a forthcoming paper.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
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  • 33
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    Discrete Optimization in Public Transportation (2009)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: The mathematical treatment of planning problems in public transit has made significant advances in the last decade. Among others, the classical problems of vehicle and crew scheduling can nowadays be solved on a routine basis using combinatorial optimization methods. This is not yet the case for problems that pertain to the design of public transit networks, and for the problems of operations control that address the implementation of a schedule in the presence of disturbances. The article gives a sketch of the state and important developments in these areas, and it addresses important challenges. The vision is that mathematical tools of computer aided scheduling (CAS) will soon play a similar role in the design and operation of public transport systems as CAD systems in manufacturing.
    Description: Die mathematische Behandlung von Planungsproblemen im öffentlichen Verkehr hat im letzten Jahrzehnt große Fortschritte gemacht. Klassische Probleme wie die Umlauf- und die Dienstplanung können heutzutage routinemäßig mit kombinatorischen Optimierungsmethoden gelöst werden. Die Behandlung von Problemen der Angebotsplanung und der Betriebssteuerung sind dagegen noch nicht ganz auf diesem Stand. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über den Stand der Forschung, über wichtige Entwicklungen und einige Herausforderungen in diesem Gebiet. Die Vision ist, dass mathematische Planungswerkzeuge im öffentlichen Verkehr (Computer Aided Scheduling, CAS) in Zukunft eine ähnliche Rolle spielen werden wie CAD-Systeme in der industriellen Fertigung.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
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  • 34
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    Variational and statistical shape modeling for 3D geometry reconstruction (2009)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-07-19
    Description: The reconstruction of geometric shapes plays an important role in many biomedical applications. One example is the patient-specific, computer-aided planning of complex interventions, which requires the generation of explicitly represented geometric models of anatomical structures from medical image data. Only solutions that require minimal interaction by medical personnel are likely to enter clinical routine. Another example is the planning of surgical corrections of deformities where the target shape is unknown. Surgeons are often forced to resort to subjective criteria. These applications still pose highly challenging reconstruction problems, which are addressed in this thesis. The fundamental hypothesis, pursued in this thesis, is that the problems can be solved by incorporating a-priori knowledge about shape and other application-specific characteristics. Here, we focus mainly on the aspect of geometric shape analysis. The basic idea is to capture the most essential variations of a certain class of geometric objects via statistical shape models, which model typical features contained in a given population, and restrict the outcome of a reconstruction algorithm (more or less) to the space spanned by such models. A fundamental prerequisite for performing statistical shape analysis on a set of different objects is the identification of corresponding points on their associated surfaces. This problem is particularly difficult to solve if the shapes stem from different individuals. The reason lies in the basic difficulty of defining suitable measures of similarity. In this thesis, we divide the correspondence problem into feature and non-feature matching. The feature part depends on the application, while the non-feature part can be characterized by a purely geometric description. We propose two different approaches. The first approach has proved useful in many applications. Yet, it suffers from some practical limitations and does not yield a measure of similarity. Our second, variational, approach is designed to overcome these limitations. In it, we propose to minimize an invariant stretching measure, constrained by previously computed features. An important property, which sets our method apart from previous work, is that it does not require the computation of a global surface parameterization.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: doctoralthesis , doc-type:doctoralThesis
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  • 35
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    Automatisierte Fernleihe im KOBV - Handbuch für Bibliotheken - 3. Auflage (2009)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Im Kooperativen Bibliotheksverbund Berlin-Brandenburg (KOBV) wird für die automatisierte Fernleihe der Zentrale-Fernleihserver (ZFL-Server) der Firma Sisis eingesetzt. Die Software ist in der KOBV-Zentrale installiert. Der ZFL-Server dient im KOBV sowohl für die Bestellung von Monographien als auch für die Bestellung von Aufsatzkopien aus Zeitschriften. Prinzipiell gibt es zwei Verfahren, mit denen sich Bibliotheken an der automatisierten Fernleihe beteiligen können: das E-Mail-Verfahren und das SLNP-Verfahren. Auf beide wird im Handbuch eingegangen. Die automatisierte Fernleihe wurde im KOBV eingeführt, um die Fernleihe für die Benutzer zu beschleunigen, das Verfahren für die Bibliotheksmitarbeiter zu vereinfachen und den Arbeitsaufwand zu reduzieren. Sie basiert darauf, dass eine Bestellung anhand eines gefundenen Treffers ausgelöst wird – d.h. die bibliographischen Daten sind bereits verifiziert und in einem Katalog nachgewiesen. Anschließend wird die Bestellung über den ZFL-Server automatisch ausgeführt und verwaltet – sowohl in der regionalen KOBV-Fernleihe als auch in der verbundübergreifenden Fernleihe mit den deutschen Bibliotheksverbünden. Der ZFL-Server besteht aus verschiedenen technischen Komponenten. Eine dieser Komponenten ist das Bibliothekskonto, eine Internetanwendung, in der die Bestellverwaltung des ZFL-Servers für die Bibliotheksbediensteten transparent abläuft. Dazu hat jede Bibliothek im Bibliothekskonto eine eigene, Passwort-geschützte Dienstoberfläche. Im Laufe des Jahres 2009 hat die KOBV-Zentrale das Bibliothekskonto grundlegend überarbeitet; die neue Version wurde im September 2009 freigegeben. Neben der Überabeitung des Interfaces – so wird den Bibliotheken auf der Startseite nun eine Übersicht ihrer laufenden Bestellungen angezeigt und dient als direkter Einstieg in die Bearbeitung – wurde das Bibliothekskonto um folgende Funktionen erweitert: Bestellung zurücklegen (HOLD), Vormerkungen, Bestellungen zur Anfrage, Abbruch des Leitweges (auch verbundübergreifend), erweiterte Kommentarfunktion, Bestellnummernsuche in allen Verbünden. Das Handbuch, das die Vorgänge der Bestellverwaltung im Bibliothekskonto beschreibt, wurde in der nun vorliegenden 3. Auflage um die Beschreibung der neuen Funktionen ergänzt. An dieser Stelle ein Dank an die Kolleginnen und Kollegen aus den KOBV-Bibliotheken – Frau Bruske (UB der Freien Universität Berlin), Frau Ebert (UB der Europa-Universität Viadrina Frankfurt (Oder)), Frau Preuß (UB der Technischen Universität Berlin) und Herrn Ringmayer (Zentral- und Landesbibliothek Berlin) – für die tatkräftige Unterstützung bei der Entwicklung der neuen Funktionen.
    Keywords: ddc:020
    Language: German
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation of Fenitrothion-degrading Strain Burkholderia sp. FDS-1 and Cloning of mpd Gene (2006)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 17 (2006), S. 275-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: biodegradation ; Burkholderia ; fenitrothion ; mpd gene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A short rod shaped, gram-negative bacterium strain Burkholderia sp. FDS-1 was isolated from the sludge of the wastewater treating system of an organophosphorus pesticides manufacturer. The isolate was capable of using fenitrothion as the sole carbon source for its growth. FDS-1 first hydrolyzed fenitrothion to 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol, which was further metabolized to nitrite and methylhydroquinone. The addition of other carbon source and omitting phosphorus source had little effect on the hydrolysis of fenitrothion. The gene encoding the organophosphorus hydrolytic enzyme was cloned and sequenced. The sequence was similar to mpd, a gene previously shown to encode a parathion-methyl-hydrolyzing enzyme in Plesiomonas sp. M6. The inoculation of strain FDS-1 (106 cells g−1) to soil treated with 100 mg fenitrothion emulsion kg−1 resulted in a higher degradation rate than in noninoculated soils regardless of the soil sterilized or nonsterilized. These results highlight the potential of this bacterium to be used in the cleanup of contaminated pesticide waste in the environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10532-005-7130-2
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  • 37
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    Meshless Methods in Confirmation Dynamics (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-09
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: doctoralthesis , doc-type:doctoralThesis
    Format: application/pdf
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    OPUS
  • 38
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    Kombinatorische Optimierung –Inhalte und Methoden für einen authentischen Mathematikunterricht (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: wird nachgereicht
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: doctoralthesis , doc-type:doctoralThesis
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 39
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    The histochemistry of the connective tissue associated with the central nervous system of the pupa of the wax moth, Galleria mellonella L.Paper no. 5158, Scientific Journal Series, Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station, St. Paul, Minnesota.Support from grant no. G-11253 of the National Science Foundation is gratefully acknowledged. (1964)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 114 (1964), S. 237-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051140204
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  • 40
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    The effect of relaxin on parathyroid histology in the mouse (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 149 (1964), S. 309-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In the normal parathyroid gland of the mouse there is only one type of cell which is small with a large nucleus and small amount of cytoplasm. In order to investigate the effect of relaxin on parathyroid histology, mice were injected with relaxin, the degree of pubic separation was measured by the x-ray technique, and the parathyroid glands were studied histologically. After one day of relaxin injection, the pubic symphysis showed a distinct separation and in part of the parathyroid gland the cells were larger and stained lighter and pinker than the normal cells with hematoxylin, eosin, and azur II. After four days of relaxin treatment, the whole gland had changed so that all the cells were of the second type. Glands of pregnant mice near term also were composed of cells of this type. These results indicate a relationship between relaxin and the parathyroid gland.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091490212
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  • 41
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    Thalidomide injury to an implanted armadillo blastocystThis work was supported by grants from the United States Public Health Service (GM 10210-01) and the American Medical Association (ERF. 185). (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 149 (1964), S. 359-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Thalidomide injury to an implanted armadillo blastocyst is presented. This finding confirms the specific damage by thalidomide to the embryoblastic cells. The lack of damage to the trophoblast at this stage permits a normal implantation of the blastocyst in the uterine mucosa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091490305
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  • 42
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    An experimental and descriptive analysis of the melanocyte population in the venter of the PET mouseSupported by grant GB-271 of the National Science Foundation. (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 149 (1964), S. 181-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Although melanoctyes appear to be limited to the hair folicles of adult belly skin of the PET mouse, they are found throughout the integument of the newborn. Trauma applied to the ventral belly skin of newborn PET mice results in the maintenance and augmentation of the melanocytes within the skin, even after the formation and growth of hair. The area immediately surrounding the site of trauma shows an increase in the number of melanocytes, apparently due in part to the disruption of the developing follicles and the consequent release of their pigment cells to the skin. UV irradiation also maintains a system of melanocytes within the ventral belly skin of PET mice.The significance of the maintenance and augmentation of melanocytes from the newborn into the adult by surgical trauma or UV radiation is discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091490203
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  • 43
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    Histology of the anterior hypophysis, thyroid and gonads of two types of dwarf miceThis work was supported by Research Training Grant 5T1-GM-246-03 National Institutes of Health, USPHS. (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 149 (1964), S. 225-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The histology of the anterior hypophysis, thyroid and gonads of dwarf (dw) and Ames dwarf (df) mutants of Mus musculus was compared. Orange G, aldehyde fuchsin and PAS stains were used to differentiate cells of the hypophysis. In both types of dwarf the anterior hypophysis was small, acidophils were lacking and the number of thyrotropic hormone producing cells was reduced. The thyroids were reduced in size, the follicles were small and some tissue was not organized into follicles. Testes were nearly normal. Ovaries were small and large follicles and corpora lutea were lacking.Growth hormone (STH) and thyrotropic hormone (TSH) were administered to both types of dwarfs. The treatment had no effect on the anterior hypophysis but number and size of follicles in the thyroid was increased The response was greater in df dwarfs; STH and TSH had more effect than STH alone. Testes of treated mice were only slightly changed but most of the df and some dw males became fertile. The ovaries became large and functional. Thyroids of dwarfs treated with thyroxine were not changed.It is concluded that the primary hormone deficiencies in both types of dwarf are the same, but that there are physiological differences as revealed by responses to STH and TSH treatment.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091490206
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  • 44
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    A comparison of the metalophilic reticuloendothelial cells to cells containing acid phosphatase and non-specific esterase in the lymphoid nodules of normal and stimulated rat spleensMaterials were purchased on grant no. 407 from the American Medical Association. (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 149 (1964), S. 269-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This study was undertaken to determine the relationship between Marshall's metalophilic reticular cells and the cells exhibiting non-specific esterase and acid phosphatase activity in the rat spleen. Untreated and stimulated animals were used. Observations were made chiefly on the marginal metalophils of Snook. These cells showed strong acid phosphatase activity but only slight non-specific esterase activity in untreated animals. Following stimulation non-specific esterase activity increased in these cells. Within the nodules metalophilic reticular cells were always more numerous than cells with enzyme activity. Many of these metalophilic cells developed enzyme activity following stimulation. By the use of a restaining technique it was shown that all reticular cells possessing enzyme activity were also metalophilic but that the converse was not true. No mitotic activity was present in these cells.The results suggest that Marshall's metalophils are cells of the reticuloendothelial system in various stages of maturation and that, following stimulation, they may differentiate into mature phagocytic cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091490209
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  • 45
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    Masthead (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 149 (1964) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091490301
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  • 46
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    The density of organic and volatile and non-volatile inorganic components of bonePortion of the work was done at the U.S. Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory, San Francisco, California, supported by the U.S.N. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery Task MR 005.08-1200, Subtask I. (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 149 (1964), S. 319-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Densities of the various bone fractions i.e., water, organic, volatile inorganic and ash fractions, as well as fat in the various animals have been studied. However. values reported by various workers failed to show consistency and uniformity, especially with respect to the volatile inorganic (often called “CO2 fraction”) and the ash fractions. These densities are prerequisite to the study of the volumetric composition of bone and bone marrow.In our study, the fat and organic densities found were similar to those previously reported. The volatile and non-volatile inorganic (ash) fractions, had density values of 1.684 and 3.180, respectively. The ash density was much higher than values previously reported but it verifies a theoretical value deduced by the authors from published work.Our higher ash density was due to a smaller measured volume of this fraction obtained by applying a negative pressure to remove the small entrapped air bubbles from the ash sample prior to the water displacement measurement. Because a smaller portion of the total inorganic volume was used for the ash calculation, giving it a higher density, a larger balance of the total inorganic volume was left for the volatile inorganic density calculation. This accounted for ash and volatile inorganic densities which were higher and lower, respectively, than such values previously reported.Prior to the determination of the density of the non-volatile inorganic fraction, the ashing time and temperature were studied. Curves plotted from the results of such studies were described and explained.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091490302
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  • 47
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    A study of the uterine cervix of the mouseSupported by United States Public Health Service Grants 2G-105 and GR-04433-08 (Crelin)Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Department of Anatomy, Yale University (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 150 (1964), S. 51-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The two uterine horns in the adult are joined caudally to form an externally undivided segment consisting of a cranial and a caudal part. The cranial part becomes wide and swollen at its junction with the horns. It contains two lumina separated by a midline septum and is designated as the uterine body or corpus. The narrow and slightly tapered caudal part projects into the cranial portion of the vagina. It contains a single lumen or canal and is designated as the uterine neck or cervix. The wall of the cranial two-thirds of the adult cervix contains a relatively large amount of circularly arranged smooth muscle fibers. In contrast, its caudal one-third consists chiefly of a network of collagen fibers. During cervical development argyrophilic fibers first appear in sections of cervical wall from mice sacrificed at birth. Collagen and smooth muscle fibers are first stainable with the Mallory method in cervical wall sections from mice one week old. During pregnancy and after combined treatment with estradiol, progesterone and relaxin the collagenous fiber bundles of the cervix become looser and more widely separated. This is associated with an increased dilatability of the cervical canal and increased stainability of the ground substance. The muccopolysaccharide(s) demonstrable histochemically in the cervix of the mouse was digestible with testicular hyaluronidase.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091500106
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  • 48
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    Masthead (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 150 (1964) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091500201
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  • 49
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    Studies on the fate of lymphocytes III. The migration and metamorphosis of in situ labeled thymic lymphocytesThis investigation was supported in part by Grant no. HE-06257 from the National Institutes of Health (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 150 (1964), S. 113-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The in situ thymus of the guinea pig was labeled locally with H3-thymidine and sections of various tissues analyzed by radioautography for the location of labeled cells which might have left the thymus from 30 minutes to three days after labeling. Labeled lymphocytes were located especially in the mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen, giving direct evidence for the migration of thymocytes under near-physiological conditions. Only a few cells were found in the bone marrow, and none in the liver. The identified cells were not seen to be undergoing subsequent proliferation, but about one-fourth of them were transforming to other cell types - plasma cells, heterophil granulocytes, reticular cells, and macrophages. The fate of another portion of the cells seemed to be loss to the gut lumen through the mucosa. These data suggest that a normal function of the thymus of the adult guinea pig is the proliferation of a population of pluripotential stem cells which, after migration to other tissues, may further differentiate under appropriate stimulus. Possible applications of the local labeling technique are indicated.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091500203
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  • 50
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    The influence of temperature on skeletal maturation of hypothyroid ratsThis investigation was supported by a research grant from the United States Public Health Service, N.I.H. NB-01716 (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 150 (1964), S. 163-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The rate of skeletal maturation as indicated by ossification of bony elements of the central and appendicular skeleton was compared in two groups of hypothyroid young rats, raised at 20°C and 30°C constant environment respectively.Hypothyroidism was induced by feeding 0.2% propylthiouracil mixed with the food in powdered form to pregnant rats starting on the fifteenth day of gestation and continuing this treatment to the suckling mother until their litters had reached weaning age.The appearance of epiphyseal centers, of carpal and tarsal centers, middle phalanges and femoral and tibial processes and caudal vertebrae 7-27 is delayed in hypothyroid newborn rats over that of normal controls. Hypothyroid rats raised at 20°C lag more severely behind the controls with respect to skeletal maturation, than do hypothyroid rats raised at 30°C. The latter are intermediate or in some instances their rate of skeletal maturation resembles that of the control group.The possible significance of the demonstration of diminished requirements for thyroid hormone by the developing rat for studies attempting to identify mechanisms of hormone action in development is briefly discussed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091500207
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  • 51
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    Changes in the vertical dimensions of the human male skull during the third and fourth decades of lifeThis research was supported in part by a grant from The Medical Research Foundation of Texas (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 150 (1964), S. 209-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A cephalometric radiographic appraisal of vertical skull growth occurring during the interim of one year was made on 71 caucasoid males at the Baylor University College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas. The subjects were from 22 to 34 years of age. The dimensions assessed were the total skull height, the anterior cranial height, total facial height, upper facial height. and lower facial height. A significant increase was shown to occur in all the dimensions over a period of one year except in the dimension of anterior cranial height. It was concluded that skull growth does occur in male adults after the age generally accepted as that of maturity.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091500211
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  • 52
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    Transmission of pressures across the elbow joint (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 150 (1964), S. 243-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To ascertain the pathway (s) along which forces are conducted from the hand to the humerus in the human cadaver specially designed pressure sensitive transducers were introduced into the radio-capitular and ulnar-trochlear components of the elbow joint. A constant force was applied to the hand, and changes in electrical resistance and hence pressure across the elbow joint where recorded. It was observed that 57% of the force applied crossed the radio-capitular joint while 43% crossed the ulnar-trochlear joint. The pathway of this force transmission is discussed with particular reference to the involvement of the interosseous membrane.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091500305
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  • 53
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    Histochemical study of monoamine oxidase in central nervous system cultures (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 150 (1964), S. 257-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Implants from the midbrain and cerebellum of neonatal rats were cultured in roller tubes for 20 to 30 days. The cultures were incubated in a tryptamine-tetrazolium solution which demonstrated the enzyme activity of monoamine oxidase (MAO) by the formation of a formazan precipitation. Some cultures were incubated without fixation, while others were fixed in a glutaraldehyde solution prior to incubation. The specificity of the reaction was controlled by withholding the substrate or by treatment of the cultures with an MAO inhibitor. An intracellular localization of the enzyme was observed in small and medium sized neurons, but was absent in the largest neurons. Neuroglial cells, including ependyma, and mesenchymal cells and phagocytes were MAO positive. The formazan granules were scattered throughout cell bodies and into cytoplasmic processes. Glutaraldehyde fixation of cultures prior to incubation for MAO preserved the details of cell structure and enhanced the differentiation of cell types. When fixed and unfixed cultures were compared, glutaraldehyde did not appear to interfere or interact with enzyme localization; however, there was evidence that this aldehyde might be interfering with MAO concentration, since a longer incubation period for prefixed tissue was required to obtain a formazan reaction comparable to that of unfixed cultures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091500307
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  • 54
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    A method for injecting the lymphatics of serous cavities and for demonstrating a mechanism of lymphatic absorption This investigation was supported by General Research and Professional Research Grants of the Medical College of Georgia (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 150 (1964), S. 335-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Lymphatic plexuses from certain areas of serous cavities can be injected by a simple procedure which simulates the normal mechanism of absorption. Apparatus consists of a 500 ml filtration flask with side arm attached to a vacuum apparatus. Excised serous membranes are draped over the mouth of the flask and flooded with ink. Vacuum is applied intermittently, resulting in absorption and flow. The method can be applied to frozen and thawed tissue and is suitable for human autopsy material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091500315
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  • 55
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    Absence of both common iliac arteries. A case reportSupported by the National Heart Institute Grant HE 04182. (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 150 (1964), S. 363-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An anomaly of the termination of the aorta is described which is apparently unique. The aorta divided directly into two internal iliac arteries and two external iliac arteries.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091500404
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  • 56
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    The culture and karyotype of rat lymphocytes stimulated with phytohemagglutininThis work was supported by U.S.P.H.S. Grant GM 0639. (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 150 (1964), S. 383-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A simple method leading to growth and mitosis in over 95% of shortterm cultures of lymphocytes from the blood, lymph or thymus of the rat is described. The method which is modified from Moorhead's original technique (′60) employs standard tissue culture medium (Eagles MEM or TC no. 199), 20% fresh rat serum, washed lymphocytes, penicillin, and phytohemagglutinin-P (0.01 cm3/cm3 of culture of a 1:5 dilution of stock solution). Details of culture technique and factors contributing to growth failures are discussed.The chromosomes of male and female Lewis rats were studied in metaphase spreads of cultured cells. The karyotypes of these rats are presented and found to be in agreement with those recently reported by Hungerford and Nowell (′63).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091500406
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  • 57
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    Reproductive senescence in the female golden hamsterBased upon a portion of a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Anatomy in the University of Illinois at the Medical Center.Research supported by a grant from the University of Illinois Foundation. (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 150 (1964), S. 405-411 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The first statistically significant decline in the mean number of young born to female golden hamsters occurred in the fourth litters. The decreased size of fifth litters was highly significant and few females bore six litters.Hamsters unilaterally ovariectomized at 30 days of age had a significantly lower number of litters containing live young during their lifetime. Despite increased unilateral ovulaton, they bore less than half as many total young per female as intact controls and fetal resorptions and stillbirths occurred at an earlier age.The results of matings during the period of reproductive decline were observed in females from the age of ten months until death or sacrifice at an advanced age. Final litters contained few young, some born dead. One or two subsequent pregnancies were of term length but all conceptuses were resorbed. Few females beyond 15 months of age had implantation sites and most of these resorbed. Regular four day estrous cycles continued until a terminal illness and matings resulted in pseudopregnancy. Blastocysts were found at four and one-half days of gestation in some old females but not at 6 to 8 days. Failure of implantation appeared to be due to an inadequate uterine decidual reaction in the old animals.It appeared from the above observations that decreasing uterine adaptability limited reproductive capacity in aging hamsters.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091500408
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    The effect of ovarian and hypophyseal hormones on mammary gland epithelial cell proliferationThis investigation was supported by grants GM07762 and 2G114 from U. S. Public Health Service. A preliminary report of this investigation was presented at the 77th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Anatomists. (Anat. Rec., 148: 345, '64.) (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 150 (1964), S. 423-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Castrated and castrated and hypophysectomized female mice (BALB/c) were injected subcutaneously with estradiol-17β (0.5 μg or 1.0 μg/day) and progesterone (1.0 mg or 3 mg/day) in addition to prolactin (1.0 mg), oxytocin (1.0 IU) or growth hormone (1.0 mg), alone and in combination for 10 or 15 days. Twenty-four hours after the last hormonal treatment, tritiated thymidine (0.7 μc/gram body weight) was injected intravenously, and the mice sacrificed six hours later. Tissue from the inguinal mammary glands was removed and processed for radioautographic, histological and whole mount study.Radioautographs of hematoxylin stained sections of mammary tissue from each animal were selected. Under oil immersion, 2,000 epithelial cells were consecutively counted and the number of labeled cells noted. Results are expressed as the per cent of labeled epithelial cells.All hormonal treatment, except oxytocin alone, caused a significant increase in per cent of labeled cells as compared to castrated, untreated animals. The per cent of labeled cells depended, in general, on the dosage and duration of treatment. Combinations of growth hormone with estradiol-17β and progesterone did not augment epithelial proliferation. The addition of oxytocin or prolactin to the estradiol-17β (0.5 μg)  -  progesterone (1.0 mg) combination significantly increased the per cent of labeled cells.Prolactin, but not oxytocin, augmented epithelial proliferation in similarly treated castrated and hypophysectomized mice. Combinations of estradiol-17β (1.0 μg) and progesterone (3.0 mg) with oxytocin or prolactin did not significantly augment epithelial proliferation as compared to ovarian steroid treatment alone.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091500411
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    Enzyme histochemistry and its application in the study of neoplasms. By M. S. Burstone. 1962. 621 pages, 127 figures, 37 tables, 38 charts. $22.50. Academic Press, New York (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 150 (1964), S. 503-504 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091500418
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    Prenatal development of the mandibular joint in miceSupported by grant DE 01578-02 from the National Institute of Dental Research, United States Public Helath Service. (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 150 (1964), S. 449-461 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The prenatal development of the mandibular joint in mice was studied in fetuses at 15 to 20 days insemination age. The ramus of the mandible can be delineated as early as the fifteenth day by distinct differences in the degree of condensation of mesenchyme at the site of the future joint. The future condylar process of the mandible can be recognized in its relationship to the external pterygoid muscle, inferior alveolar nerve, Meckel's cartilage, pre-cartilaginous alisphenoid process of the future basisphenoid bone, and the anlage of the squamosal bone with its zygomatic process.Differentiation is rapid through the twentieth day of gestation at which time the following major elements of the joint can be recognized: a fibrous intra-articular disc continuous with the tendon of the external pterygoid muscle; a vascular synovial mesenchyme with upper and lower synovial spaces; an ossified squamosal bone with a fibrous joint lining; and a well developed condylar process with good representation of differentiating cells in the zones of chondrification and ossification.Among the elements not yet evident, however, are (1) hemopoietic marrow in the condyle, (2) a constricted neck at the base of the condyle, and (3) a fibrous capsule or capsular ligament.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091500414
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    Weight responses of tissue slices and albumin-gelatin gels during formaldehyde fixation with observations upon the effects of pHThis work was supported in part by a grant from the USPHS (GM 9047) and in part by grants from the Professional Research Fund of the Medical College of Georgia. (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 150 (1964), S. 463-472 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Thin slices of rat liver, kidney, and M. rectus femoris and thin, flat pieces of albumin-gelatin gels (which approximated the tissue slices in mass, dimensions and protein content) were immersed in formalin solutions at various concentrations, in some cases with variable amounts of NaCl (0.11-0.25M) added, and in some cases buffered at pH values ranging from 3.5-7.0. The slices were weighed at frequent intervals for the first 20 hours of immersion. Weight changes occurred rapidly. With the exception of the neutral buffered formalin curves, three families of response curves were obtained for the three tissues. With both formalin and formalinsaline solutions weight gain was inversely proportional to the solute concentration, but the formaldehyde particles apparently are not involved osmotically. The total osmotic concentration of formalin solutions, therefore, is not a factor in the swelling or shrinking of tissue slices. The presence of contaminants could be responsible for the effective osmotic concentration observed with these solutions. The weight response of slices is influenced by the pH of the formalin. Although the response of the gel system to any particular solution was quantitatively greater, it was qualitatively the same as the tissue slice response.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    Numerical variations in the dentition of some pinnipedsTo the memory of late Dr. Tsunetaro Fujita, Emeritus Professor of University of Tokyo.This paper was read at the 27th Anatomical Meeting of Kanto-district, October, 1963, Tokyo and at the 5th General Meeting of Oral Biologist, October, 1963, Osaka. (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 150 (1964), S. 487-501 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The numerical variations observed in the dentition of the northern sea lions, fur seals and seals are summarized as follows: (1) There is a reappearance of the right maxillary second molar in the northern sea lion dentition and of the first deciduous premolar in the fur seal dentition, which may be interpreted as examples of evolutionary recession towards the full mammalian dentition. (2) There is a complete tooth reduction of the molars in the sea lion dentition. (3) There is the presence of a “Dentes geminati” of the second premolar and the supernumerary tooth in the right upper jaw and of the supernumerary tooth between the second and third premolars in the left upper jaw of an adult fur seal, which may be associated with the division of the second premolar tooth germ. (4) There is an appearance of a pair of supernumerary teeth lying lingually to the root of lower permanent central (second) incisors, being of interest in suggesting that they are either the appearance of the successors of the recent central incisors or the reappearance of the permanent first incisors, in the fur seal dentition. (5) There is a tooth reduction in the permanent dental formula from \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ {\rm I}\,\frac{{\rm 3}}{{\rm 2}}{\rm C}\,\frac{{\rm 1}}{{\rm 1}}{\rm P}\,\frac{{\rm 4}}{{\rm 4}}{\rm M}\frac{{\rm 1}}{{\rm 1}}\,{\rm to}\,{\rm I}\,\frac{{\rm 3}}{{\rm 1}}{\rm C}\,\frac{{\rm 1}}{{\rm 1}}{\rm P}\,\frac{{\rm 3}}{{\rm 4}}{\rm M}\frac{{\rm 1}}{{\rm 1}} $\end{document} in the seal, which was associated with a “Dentes confusi” in the same category of the dentition.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    Masthead (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 148 (1964) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091480101
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    Localization of thalamic projection of afferents from the tongue in the catAided by grant B-3266 from the Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness, U.S.P.H.S. (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 148 (1964), S. 67-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Neuroanatomical nuclear configuration corresponding to the projection regions for the chorda tympani, the IXth, and the lingual nerves was studied in the cat thalamus by a combination of electrophysiological, stereotaxic, and histological techniques. Each of the three nerves innervating the tongue was dissected for stimulation in cats deeply anesthetized with Nembutal. Maps of the extent of the thalamic projection for a particular nerve were obtained by recording evoked potentials in the thalamus during the stimulation of one of these nerves. Such maps were correlated with the anatomical structures of the cat thalamus by reconstructing the recording sites from histological sections of the cat brain. It was found that the chorda tympani and the IXth nerve projection regions correspond closely to the ventromedial nuclear complex with slight encorachment on the lingual nerve projection region in the ventrobasal complex. The most medial portions of the taste nerve projection regions do not relay any tactile afferent impulses and the most lateral portion of the lingual nerve projection is not activated by impulses in the taste nerves. Therefore, it is suggested that the thalamic relay of taste is not coextensive with other lingual modalities in the cat thalamus but it has an independent representation in the ventromedial nuclear complex.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    An apparatus for determination of breaking-strength of small rodent bonesDeveloped under Research Grant AM-06233, National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases, USPHS. (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 148 (1964), S. 75-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Analysis of age changes in physical characteristics of mouse limb bones requires a sensitive, consistent and relatively simple apparatus for determination of transverse breaking strength. The developed instrument is essentially a one meter counter-balanced 4-to-1 lever with a tracked, motor-driven weight on its upper surface. At the beam's short end a loading tool impinges upward on a bone mounted in an adjacent holder; at the opposite end is a mercury switch connected to a relay halting the weight motor when fracture occurs. Bones, with proximal ends embedded in convex securing blocks of impression medium, may be positioned in a standard relationship to the holder, loading tool edge, and the balanced beam.Repetitive loading of a steel spring indicates instrument error of 1.8%. Preliminary tests with a random series of paired mouse femora show no significant difference between left and right bones. In the long-term study it will be possible to correlate physical strength with other characteristics of opposite bones.An air-gap capacitor across loading tool and bone holder and coupled to a variable frequency oscillator permits monitoring of specimen elasticity on a strip-chart recorder.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091480107
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    Multiple anomalies in a human fetus associated with absence of one umbilical artery (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 148 (1964), S. 103-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A malformed human fetus with multiple congenital anomalies including absence of an umbilical artery is described. These anomalies include malpositioning of the apex of the heart; a “mirror image” position of the liver; mal-rotation of the gut with absence of external demarcation into small and large intestine; failure of development of the cloacal region with imperforate anus and absence of a urethra; undescended testes and bilaterally mal-placed scrotal sacs, but the presence of a median phallus in spite of the failure of the ventral abdominal wall to develop fully.Factors known to influence the production of fetal anomalies in man and animals are discussed and a brief review of the literature on single umbilical arteries, which are known to be associated frequently with congenital anomalies, is given.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091480109
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    Electron microscopic studies on the red pulp of the rabbit spleenA preliminary report on this investigation was presented at Washington, D.C. in April, 1963, at the seventy-sixth annual session of the American Association of Anatomists (Roberts, '63). (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 148 (1964), S. 81-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Electron microscopic studies reveal that the red pulp of the rabbit spleen is composed of reticular cells, reticulum and elements of the blood circulating through it. The three types of reticular cells described follow no definite pattern as to types of spaces they line and are not always adjacent to a basement membrane. Similar or dissimilar cells may line a basement membrane on the same or opposing sides. The entire red pulp area is intercommunicating through pores and junctions of the several spaces and in that area in which no basement membrane exists, the cytoplasmic projections of the reticular cells form a meshwork of spaces. Terminal arterioles are seen to end in collapsed type channels with a change from endothelium to Type I reticular cells. These rapidly join dilated areas. The reticular network of the spleen appears as four types: homogeneous, fibrillar, a combination of these, and reticular cells only. Isolated cilia are found in the reticular cell cytoplasm and are shown to be associated with a basal body and a centriole. The investigation supported the hypothesis that the red pulp of the spleen in the adult rabbit is a functionally dynamic area constantly changing its histological structure, both regarding cells and state of the vascular channels.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091480108
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    Books received (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 148 (1964), S. 121-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091480112
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    Masthead (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 148 (1964) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091480201
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    Masthead (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 148 (1964) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091480401
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    Uptake of colloidal particles by cells of the caput epididymidisThis work was supported in part by grants from The Population Council Inc. and National Institutes of Health (N.I.H. RG 8496) which are gratefully acknowledged. (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 148 (1964), S. 517-525 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Colloidal mercuric sulfide injected into the rete testis adhered to the stereocilia of the epithelial cells and subsequently moved into a highly developed canalicular system in the apical cytoplasm. The canalicular invaginations of the cell surface arising between the stereocilia lead to cytoplasmic vacuoles that concentrate the particulate matter. The limiting membrane of the stereocilia and of the canaliculi and vacuoles is covered by a layer of amorphous material. It is speculated that this may bind particles, molecules, and ions as does an ion exchange resin, and that it may, in this way, act as a carrier in the uptake and transport of substances by cells.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091480310
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    Mast cell distribution in the uterus of cycling and pregnant hamstersSupported by N.I.H., GM-08167. (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 148 (1964), S. 507-516 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In this study the distribution of mast cells in the cephalic, middle, or caudal portions of the uterine horns did not differ. In cross-sections, however, mast cells were most numerous in the myometrium, intermediate in the tunica vasculare of the endometrium and least in the mucosa. In the endometrium, the mast cells were most numerous in the antimesometrial, least in the mesometrial and intermediate in the lateral quadrants. In the myometrium, however, the relative numbers of mast cells between the quadrants varied according to the day in the estrous cycle.On days 1 (the day after estrus), 2, 3, and 4, (the day of proestrus) of the estrous cycle, there were respectively 42.7, 21.8, 22.5 and 10.7 mast cells in the endometrium per 12 μ sections. The differences in means between groups was highly significant (P 〈 0.001). In mated females on 67, 79, 91, 103, 115, and 151 hours after ovulation, there were respectively 9.4, 8.4, 4.7, 5.6, 2.1, and 2.2 mast cells in the endometrium per 12 μ cross-section. The differences in the means were not significant.The mean number of mast cells per 12 μ cross-sections of uteri of ovariectomized females was 20 ± 8. Subcutaneous injections of 0.3 gamma estrogen did not significantly alter the number of mast cells but 0.6 gamma depressed the mean count to 11 ± 7.It appeared from these studies that the uterine mast cell numbers were related to the cyclic phenomena of estrous, but that the numerical relationship to the time of nidation was not clear.
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    Addendum (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 148 (1964), S. 552-552 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091480405
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    Correlation between morphometric measurements of the aorta and visual scoring of avian atherosclerosisSupported in part by U.S.P.H.S. grants H-3513 and H-3178, the New Jersey Heart Association and by Quartermaster Corps Contract DA-129-9M-1352. (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 148 (1964), S. 527-534 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An analysis was made on 140 adult chickens of the relationship between visual estimation of the degree of encroachment of the lumen of the vessel by plaques and such morphometric variables as weight, length, circumference, thickness, density, and combinations thereof of the thoracic and abdominal segments of the aorta. Aortic weight and thickness functions were found to be significantly correlated to scores, accounting in the two highest cases (thickness and weight/area of the abdominal segment, body weight held constant) for 46% (r = 0.68) and 42% (r = 0.65) respectively, of the variability in score. Correlations were considerably lower in the thoracic segment, the highest being r = 0.36 for weight/circumference. The scoring thoracic segment, the highest being r = 0.36 for weight/circumference. The scoring system thus has a basis in measurable physical changes in the wall of the blood vessel, but scoring apparently evaluates considerably more than was measured by the morphometric variables. The morphometric variables would probably serve best as means of comparing different scoring systems and as objective supplements to scoring. The procedure of choice would appear to be weight/area with body weight held constant (i.e.  -  partial correlation and/or covariance analysis).
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    Variations in the anatomic origin of the nutrient artery of the canine femurSupported by National Institutes of Health (USPHS) grant (no. H 7102). (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 148 (1964), S. 547-552 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In the literature the nutrient artery to the diaphysis of the canine femur has been described as arising from the medial circumflex femoral artery which is a branch of the deep femoral artery. However in 19% to 100 canine hind extremities dissected after injection with colored media, the femoral nutrient artery arose from a large muscular branch (the proximal posterior femoral) of the superficial femoral artery. In 17% of 42 dogs one femur only was supplied by this variant. In three additional femurs other variations occurred.
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    Autoradiographic and histological investigation of changes in the visual system of rats after unilateral enucleationThis study was supported by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, with supplementary aid received from the John A. Hartford Foundation. We wish to thank Elizabeth Altman. William J. Anderson and Louise Wasserman for their assistance in various phases of this study. (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 148 (1964), S. 535-545 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Following surgical removal of one eye, rats were permitted to survive for three days, one, two and four months, and before killing them they were injected with 2 mc of leucine-H3 intraperitoneally. The utilization of this radiochemical was investigated in the brain autoradiographically. In all groups of animals the uptake of radioleucine, as determined by microdensitometry, was significantly higher in the “degenerated” optic nerve and tract than in their “normal” counterparts, with the relative difference increasing with longer postoperative survival within the periods tested. This progressive net increase in the utilization of leucine-H3 was associated with an absolute increase in the number of glia cells. Similar, but attenuated, density differences were also obtained with relatively large-aperture measurements over the stratum griseum of the superior colliculus in which the optic tract fibers terminate. In contrast, small-aperture measurements of grain density over single neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus showed no difference in the utilization of leucine-H3 between the normal and subtotally deafferented sides. This suggests an absence of transneuronal changes in protein metabolism in the visual system of the rat as long as four months after unilateral enucleation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091480403
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    A histochemical and histophysical survey of the effects of different fixatives on the thyroid gland of rats (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 148 (1964), S. 573-579 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Fixation of the thyroid gland with formaldehyde-ethanol-acetic acid retains a larger proportion of colloid constituents than aqueous formaldehyde.Comparative histochemistry has revealed a larger proportion of protein, arginine, cabohydrates and iodinated material.The heterogeneous staining pattern was not observed after aqueous formaldehyde fixation.The intracellular globules and the early iodinated fraction of the colloid were similarly stained.Intracellular globules were not observed in aqueous formaldehyde-fixed tissues.Only the more slowly labeled fraction of the colloid (large follicles), was stained by toluidine blue and also by bromphenol blue without mercury, indicative of basic proteins.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091480408
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    Suprapleural membrane and suprapleural bands (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 148 (1964), S. 553-559 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The pleural cupola is covered by a distinct dome-shaped suprapleural membrane (Sibson's fascia) formed by a condensation of endothoracic fascia and continuous at its periphery with the more diffuse, loose endothoracic connective tissue lying between the ribs and the parietal pleura. This does not agree with the classic description of Sibson's fascia. It forms a discreet cervicothoracic cloison which can be readily separated from the pleura and adjacent mediastinal structures. Attaching to the membrane are the vertebromembranous, transversomembranous, and costomembranous bands which are formed by prevertebral fascia. In addition, the last two suprapleural bands receive contributions from the fibrous remains of the scalenus minimus muscle. The muscle was found to be present on one or both sides in 30 out of 64 bodies (46.8%). The suprapleural membrane and bands can become hypertrophied and fibrous as a result of pathology in this cupola area of the lung. The bands have been implicated in certain clinical syndromes.
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    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091480406
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    Etiology of trypan blue induced antenatal hydrocephalus in the albino rat (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 148 (1964), S. 561-571 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Wistar strain albino rats were injected with 1 cm3 of a 1% solution of trypan blue. Three types of dye were used: Matheson, Coleman and Bell, Chroma-Gesellschaft and a highly purified sample. The dyes were injected on days 6, 7, and 8 of gestation. Fetuses were excised from days 16 through 20, fixed, decalcified where necessary, embedded in paraffin, serially sectioned and stained. Newborn young were treated similarly. Chroma-Gesellaschaft trypan blue was without reproductive or teratogenic effect at the above doses. Increasing the dose did not increase the teratogenicity but did yield a decrease in litter size. Both Matheson, Coleman and Bell trypan blue and the purified sample were teratogenic. The most frequent neural defect observed was hydrocephalus. Serial sections of the newborn hydrocephalics showed an occluded or extremely tenotic aqueduct of Sylvius in 31 of 33 sectioned animals. The fetuses collected from days 18 through 20 also had occluded or stenotic aqueducts if hydrocephalic. Aqueductal stenosis or occlusion was present in 17-day-old fetuses, but hydrocephalic was not conclusively demonstrated at this age. Sixteen-day-old fetuses did not have aqueductal occlusion in any of those examined, but stenosis was evident. It is concluded that the defect predisposing to hydrocephalus in the young of trypan blue treated rats of this strain is aqueductal stenosis or occlusion.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091480407
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    Studies on growth in organ culture of testicular tissue from rats of various agesSupported by U.S.P.H.S. grant no. 5445.A portion of this work has been presented at the Seventy-sixth Annual Meeting of the American Association of Anatomists. (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 148 (1964), S. 581-589 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Testicular fragments from newborn, 4, 14, 24, 37-day old and mature rats were cultured using a modification of Trowell's method. Eagle's medium supplemented with amino acids, Na-pyruvate and 10% calf serum was employed. Tissue fragments were fixed at time intervals for histologic study. In cultures of fragments from newborn and four-day rats, gonocytes persisted and showed mitotic activity. In fragments from older but still immature animals, gonocyte-like cells occasionally undergoing mitosis, appeared in the germinal epithelium after the fourth day in culture. Spermatocytes survived for approximately four weeks. More rapid degeneration of the germinal elements beyond spermatogonia was observed in cultures of mature testes. During the first six days in culture, cells resembling gonocytes, some in mitosis, appeared in the tubules. The studies have shown that under the conditions employed, Sertoli cells and gonocyte-like could be maintained for at least four months in cultured fragments of testes from animals of various ages. In fragments from older animals, gonocyte-like cells appeared shortly after initiation of culture while the more mature germinal elements ultimately degenerated.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091480409
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  • 81
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    Ovarian follicular development in the pregnant hamster (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 148 (1964), S. 605-609 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Follicular activity in the ovary of the pregnant hamster is divided into two periods. During the first eight days (corresponding to the duration of pseudopregnancy) an average of 11 follicles per ovary from 277 to 553 μ are present. From day 10 to 16 of pregnancy, the ovary contains 22 follicles ranging from 277 to 600 μ and larger. The day after parturition, atresia destroys all large multilayered and vesicular follicles.Hamsters injected with human chorionic gonadotropin on day 4 of pregnancy ovulated ten ova, whereas similary treated day 12 animals ovulated 35 eggs. No cyclic follicular activity corresponding to the length of the estrous cycle occurred during gestation. On the contrary, a constant increment of small follicles took place throughout pregnancy.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091480412
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  • 82
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    Mucosal enzymes in the cecum of conventional and germfree mice (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 148 (1964), S. 591-597 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The morphology of the cecal mucosa and the topographic distribution of certain mucosal enzymes were compared in conventional and germfree mice to investigate the phenomenon of cecal enlargement observed in germfree animals. The cecal mucosa is predominantly non-villous in the conventional, but has a villous structure in the germfree mice. Alkaline phosphatase, in the conventional mice, is present in the striated border of a limited number of the epithelial cells lining the cecum; in the germfree mice almost all these epithelial cells show enzymatic activity. Acid phosphatase is more abundant in the epithelial cells and macrophages of the cecal mucosa of the conventional than of the germfree animals. Both groups show similar monoamine oxidase and reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide diaphorase activity. The reduction of the villi, and the decrease in alkaline phosphatase activity in the conventional mice point to an involution of the mucosa as an absorptive organ. Barka ('63) has suggested that acid phosphatase may have a defensive function; its increase in the conventional animal would support this interpretation. The two oxidative enzymes studied apparently are not influenced by the intestinal flora.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091480410
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  • 83
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    The effect of endocrine gland extirpations on the size of nucleoli in rat hypothalamic neuronsSupported by a grant from the National Science Foundation. (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 148 (1964), S. 599-603 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: With the object of investigating the so-called “feed-back” mechanism whereby hormones from the various endocrine glands presumably influence the hypothalamus in its regulation of the hypophyseal tropic hormones, the effect of hypophysectomy, ovariectomy, thyroidectomy, adrenalectomy and adrenal medullectomy on the nucleolar size of neurons in 16 hypothalamic nuclei was studied. A total of forty-five female albino rats was used. The nucleoli were measured under oil by means of a Cooke AEI image splitting eyepiece. For every rat 50 nucleoli in each of the 16 hypothalamic nuclei was measured, a total of 36,000 measurements. Hypophysectomy was found to affect all of the nuclei either after a short period (5 days) or after 60 days. Ovariectomy (20 days) caused nucleolar size changes in six nuclei, thyroidectomy (30 days) in eight, adrenalectomy (14 days) in all of the nuclei and adrenal medullectomy (30 days) in all of the nuclei. The results indicate that the absence of the various hormones does affect the activity of hypothalamic neurons as determined by nucleolar size changes. The use of the present methods also appears to “localize” centers for specific activities in the hypothalamus in some instances (e.g. ovariectomy) but not in others (e.g. adrenalectomy).
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 84
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    The gross morphology of the arterial supply to the trachea, primary bronchi, and esophagus of the rabbitSupported by American Cancer Society grant T-144A; United States Public Health Service grant no. HE 04-846-04-CV; and a grant from the Sandoz Pharmaceutical Company. (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 148 (1964), S. 611-614 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The gross arterial blood supply to the trachea, primary bronchi, and esophagus of six normal domestic rabbits has been studied by the use of injection techniques followed by careful in situ dissections. Several patterns are described with more variation being apparent on the left side.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091480413
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  • 85
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    A new sealing compound for museum jars (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 148 (1964), S. 631-632 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A plastic sealing compound for museum jars is described. It has the consistancy of toothpaste and is applied in a similar manner directly to the museum jar from a tube. No catalyst or mixing is required. Moisture in the air cures the plastic in 12-24 hours. After the extruded “rope” is applied, the lid is placed on the jar and the jar set aside for the cure. After cure any excess can be trimmed with a scalpel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091480416
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  • 86
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    Masthead (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 149 (1964) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091490101
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  • 87
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    Saimiri sciureus as an experimental animalOpinions or conclusions contained in this report are those of the authors. They are not to be construed as necessarily reflecting the view or the endorsement of the Navy Department. (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 148 (1964), S. 615-624 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Recent Primate research projejcts utilizing the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) established the need for basic biological data concerning this animal. Included in this present report are discussions of laboratory maintenance, dietary requirements, and antihelminthic thearpy. Original data on birth weight (90-100 gm) and the gestation period (167 ± 2 days) are recorded. The weight distribution of a colony of adult animals maintained in captivity for a period of three years is included. Fresh organ weights from ten animals obtained at necropsy were recorded for brain, pituitary, heart, lungs, spleen, liver, pancreas, kidney, adrenals, and gonads. Body weight, body length, and the length of the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, small intestine, cecum, and colon were recorded. Determination of hematologic values included erythrocyte and leukocyte counts, hemoglobin and hematocrit determination and differential count of white blood cells. Various blood chemistry values are included. Data on heart rate, respiratory rate and body temperature of animals restrained for a 24 hour period are tabulated. Environmental stress and neuroanatomical studies using the squirrel monkey are reviewed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091480414
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    The time of origin of the parabiotic anastomosisThis investigation was supported by a Public Health Service Fellowship (GPM 19,030) from National Institute of General Medical Sciences and by grant CA-03390 from the National Cancer Institute. (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 148 (1964), S. 625-629 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The course of development of parabiotic anastomosis was followed with respect to time in Holtzman (Sprague-Dawley) parabionts. Comparison of non-irradiated pairs was made to pairs in which one of the partners had received 800 r. The development of the anastomosis was studied by determining the per cent transfer of CR51 labeled erythrocytes (which represented a cellular element) and radio-iodinated serum albumin (which represented a molecular element) from one partner to the other. Erythrocytes were found in the non-injected animal in small numbers at 22 hours after pairing; at 47 hours the rate of transfer became much more rapid. RISA was detected in the non-injected partner as early as five hours after pairing and accumulated steadily thereafter. Irradiation had no effect on the course of development of the parabiotic anastomosis as evidenced by similarity of accumulation rates of Cr51 labeled erythrocytes and RISA when compared to the non-irradiated pairs.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091480415
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    Observations on the early events of cadmium necrosis of the testisSupported by U.S.P.H.S. Research Grant RG-6077. (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 149 (1964), S. 23-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A light and electron microscopic study of the early changes which occur in cadmium necrosis of the testis of the mouse was made in an effort to identify the site of action of cadmium. Mice were given a single, intraperitoneal injection of 1% CdCl2 at a dosage of 0.1 ml/10 g body weight and then the testes were fixed for light and electron microscopy at various hourly intervals. The earliest changes which were appreciated by light microscopy consisted of an edema of the intertubular spaces, congestion of blood vessels, and an increased amount of granular precipitate in the connective tissue spaces. By electron microscopy the earlies changes were observed in the endothelium of the testicular vascular bed and consisted of a striking and rapid increase in the prevalence of pinocytotic vesticles suggesting an increased interchanges of fluid between the blood and extravascular spaces. All of these changes preceded any appreciable alteration in the cells of the seminal epithelium. The fact that the earliest alterations are observed in blood vessels suggests that the site of action of cadmium in the production of testicular necrosis is upon the endothelium of the vascular bed.A comparative series of animals (frog, pigeon, rooster, armadillo, opossum) was also investigated as to their susceptibility to the toxic effects of cadmium. the results from these species, and other species reported by previous investigators, suggest the generality that cadmium necrosis is a phenomenon common to species possessing scrotal testes and absent from those possessing abdominal testes. The opossum is an exception to this generality. These findings are discussed in relation to the blood supply of the testis.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091490104
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  • 90
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    H3-thymidine autoradiographic studies on cytokinetic responses to x-ray irradiation and to thio-TEPA in the neural tube of mouse embryosThis investigation was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research from the Ministry of Education in Japan. (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 149 (1964), S. 37-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: First, using the methods of H3-thymidine autoradiography and counting mitotic index, cytokinetics of the matrix cells were studied in the telencephalon of normal mouse embryos at ten-days-postconcetpion, and various kinetic constants of the matrix cells were determined: Generation time, five hours 20 minutes; mitotic duration, 24 minutes; presynthetic resting time, two hours 36 minutes-one hour 36 minutes; DNA synthetic time, one hour 20 minutes; and post synthetic resting time, one-two hours. Based on this information, effects of two teratogenetic agents, x-rays and thio-TEPA, on the cellular proliferation were analyzed. By x-ray irradiation (200 r) only proliferating matrix cells are damaged in the neural tube, but not neuroblasts. The radiation induces a temporary block of the flow of the matrix cells through the cell cycle at the late t2 period so that the mitotic and DNA synthetic cells subsequently decrease in number. Some of the matrix cells that are captured at t2 period fail to tolerate the block, degenerate and are eliminated from the matrix layer. On the other hand, thio-TEPA, which was proved non teratogenetic to the C. N. S. in this experimental condition, causes a slight prologation of t2 duration, but does not significantly influence the proliferative process in the neural tube.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091490105
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  • 91
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    Effects of maternal folic acid deficiency on cytologic phenomena in the rat embryoAided by a grant from the National Foundation and N.I.H. grant HD 00109-01. (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 149 (1964), S. 49-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A purified diet lacking folic acid and containing 20 mg% of the antimetabolite, 9-methyl pteroylglutamic (folic) acid was fed to female Long-Evans rats during days eight and nine of pregnancy. Embryos were removed at autopsy on the tenth day of gestation for study and comparison with embryos from normal control pregnancies.Analysis of mitotic counts revealed that 18.6% of the cells in control embryos were in mitosis in contrast to only 5.7% in PGA-deficient embryos. A disproportionate reduction in anaphase and telophase stages was observed in conjunction with an increased percentage of cell at metaphase. Concomitantly with these mitotic changes a marked reduction in histochemically demonstrable RNA and in numbers of ribosomes as revealed by electron microscopy was observed.
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  • 92
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    Unusual duodeno-pancreatic relationships associated with incomplete rotation of mid-gut loop (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 149 (1964), S. 397-404 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A 79 year-old European female cadaver presented the usual features of second stage arrested mid-gut rotation accompanied by unusual mesenteric attachments and pancreatico-duodenal relationships.The mesentery, whose root extended from the lower pole of the right kidney diagonally across the posterior abdominal wall to end just medial to the left sacroiliac joint, enclosed most of the small bowel and the proximal large bowel. The unusually short duodenum began 2.5 cm to the left of the mid-line and described a 13 cm U loop with an upward concavity in which rested the pancreas; this loop and the related pancreas were enclosed in a persistent, transversely placed mesoduodenum. The common bile duct crossed the anterior surface of the pancreas to open at the greater duodenal papilla 2.5 cm from the pylorus. the main pancreatic duct lay much closer to the anterior than to the posterior aspect of the gland. The lesser duodenal papilla was situated on the posterior wall of the duodenum. The hepatic artery arose in common with the superior mesenteric artery and encircled the pancreas. The pancreatico-duodenal vessels were predominantly distributed upon the posterior aspect of the pancreas and duodenum.It appears that in this specimen the anterior and posterior aspects of the duodenum are transposed, the reversal of surfaces also involving the pancreas. Causative factors are discussed with reference to the literature.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091490309
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    Histochemical studies of the human fetal thyroid during the first half of fetal lifeThis work was performed in the Fetal Laboratory at the Department of Human Anatomy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, and was supported by the National Institutes of Health (grant AM 06799-01 HED) and by the Association for Aid of Crippled Children, New York. (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 149 (1964), S. 363-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A number of histologic and histochemical techniques have been used to study 42 human fetal thyroids from fresh specimens ranging in crown-rump length from 22 to 201 mm. Three periods of differentiation (colloid production) were defined. The first or precolloid stage was found in fetuses of 22 to 65 mm and consisted of strands of compact epithelial cells separated by loose connective tissue which contained only a few vessels. The early colloid production period from 65 to 80 mm was characterized by the appearance of small accumulations of colloid in the center of the follicles. The blood vessels between follicles increased during this period. In the last period during maturation of the colloid cavities, the spaces between the epithelium were more reduced and almost completely filled with blood vessels. No change in the average cell height was found during differentiation.With differentiation, the nuclei of epithelium became less compact and RNAase-removable cytoplasmic material increased. Also of interest was the marked decrease in glycogen at the time of colloid production.The staining characteristics of the early colloid showed little change during the period studied. The colloid was stained by the following reagents: periodic-acid Schiff, mercury organge, toluidine, ninhydrin-Schiff, Millon's and Sakaguchi's. The larger colloid spaces took slightly more toluidine stain than the smaller ones.The enzyme reaction for alkaline phosphatase was found only in the vascular system, and acid phosphatase was found in the cytoplasm of epithelium and, especially in the differentiated specimens, it was concentrated at the apex of the cell. Lactic and succinic dehydrogenase activity did not seem to change with maturation and was located in the cytoplasm around the nucleus and toward the apex of the cell.Thin rays of colloid-like material were observed to radiate out between cells from early colloid cavities. Based on unpublished electron microscopic data, organ cultures of human thyroid and observations from the developing chick, these spaces probably represent intercellular dilatations which have been filled with colloid from the central cavity. These spaces may be a secondary or safety mechanism which allows the circumference of the follicle to increase in size.
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    Masthead (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 150 (1964) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091500101
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  • 95
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    Topography of the nasal glands in rats and some other mammals (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 150 (1964), S. 11-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The topography of nasal glands in rats, guinea-pigs, rabbits, cats, and monkeys was studied in osmium tetroxide and PAS-stained whole mounts and ordinary sections. In rats Bowman's glands in the olfactory region were arranged in rows between the branches of the olfactory nerve. Mucous acini were only found on the rat septum in connection with Jacobson's organ, and serous acini were found on the septum posteriorly in the respiratory region, and on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity around the maxillary sinus ostium. No mixed glands were present. All the serous glands discharged their secretion through long excretory ducts into the ostium internum of the vestibule of the nose. In this area rats had 15-20 duct openings on each side. On the basis of considerations regarding airstream and pressure in the vestibule, the hypothesis is advanced that the openings act as small nozzles humidifying the inspired air by their atomized secretion. Since no serous or mucous glands in the rat open on the surface in the nasal cavity proper, it is concluded that the surface mucous sheet is derived exclusively from the goblet cells and Bowman's glands. In the other mammals the opening of the serous glands showed a similar pattern.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091500103
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    Actions of betaine, carnitine and choline on the pattern of hepatic liposis in mice fed a high-fat, low-protein dietSupported by grant HE-07318 from the National Institutes of Health, U.S.P.H.S. (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 149 (1964), S. 677-689 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Four stocks (C, C-57 Bl, DBA and Swiss albino) of mice were fed a high-fat (28%), low-protein (8%), hypolipotropic diet for 3-480 days. Lipotropic activities of supplements of betaine and carnitine were evaluated. There were no strain-limited hepatic responses to the diet or to the action of the lipotropes. Without lipotropic supplements, parenchymal liposis (sudanophilia of frozen sections) was progressively incremental in all lobular zones for approximately 90 days. Subsquently, lobular liposis decreased and the remaining fat was concentrated in the middle zone within cords of fat-laden cells radiating in a stellate pattern. With choline supplemention, liposis was limited to small amounts of fat within cells that composed the stellate pattern. Betaine displayed a level of lipotropic activity approximating one-half to three-fourths that of choline. The lipotropic activity of carnitine was marginal and inconsistent. The combination of betaine and carnitine demonstrated some synergistic action. No parenchymal hyperplasia was observed. The intralobular reticulum increased in some livers, primarily around the central and intercalated veins, but no lobular distortion resulted.
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    The pelvic and perineal fasciae and their neural and vascular relationships (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 149 (1964), S. 707-720 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This study was based upon a dissection of the pelvic fasciae and associated structures of one hundred and three adult pelves as well as those of three full term fetuses. The perineal fasciae and their neural and vascular relationships were studied in an additional 55 specimens.The uterovaginal fascia, as stated by others, is a well-defined structure. One is usually able, on the basis of a fascial cleft, to distinguish readily between the fascial sheath of rectum proper and the deeper layer of subperitoneal fascia, called by some the presacral fascia. The latter is described, including the relationship of the pelvic autonomics thereto. The relationship of the vesical branches of the pelvic plexus and of the venous plexuses to the terminal ureter are also described.We were able to confirm the presence of a superficial and a deep perineal fascia; the latter forms the inferior boundary of the superficial perineal space proper, as described by others. The relationship of particular nerves (and vessels) to the fascial planes of the perineum follows a definite pattern even when variation from the normal is present.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091490414
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  • 98
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    Alterations in submandibular and retrolingual glands following parasympathetic denervation in ratsThis investigation was supported by a research grant from the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina. (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 150 (1964), S. 25-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Alterations in size and structure of submandibular and retrolingual glands of the rat produced by unilateral sectioning of the chorda tympani, or the lingual nerve, or the glandular branch which leaves the lingual and innervates both glands, are described. The glands were studied 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 16 days after nerve section.The weight of the glands increased the first day after nerve section and decreased markedly from then on, reaching 40 to 70% of the initial weight after 16 days. In the glands where the chorda tympani or the lingual nerve were sectioned the increase in weight was attributed to the accumulation of secretion in the acinous cells. After that, a progressive atrophy developed, being more severe in the acini than in the tubes. In the cases where the glandular nerve was sectioned a wide necrosis probably of vascular origin was produced, followed by parenchymatous regeneration.In both cases 16 days after nerve section glands were small, fibrous and with little parenchyma.The role of the parasympathetic nerves in controlling the normal structure of submandibulars and retrolinguals is discussed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091500104
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  • 99
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    Electronic Resource
    A rapid exposure of the facial nerve (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 150 (1964), S. 317-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This article describes a rapid exposure of the facial nerve by splitting the parotid gland along the faciovenous plane originally described by Patey and Ranger ('57).Scissors are thrust deep into the gland along the venous plane, and then opened to expose the facial nerve. This has been done in approximately 30 dissecting room subjects.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091500313
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  • 100
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    Analysis of the influence of thyroid hormone on prenatal and postnatal maturation of the ratThis investigation was supported by a research grant from the United States Public Health Service, N.I.H. NB-01716 (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 150 (1964), S. 147-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effects of hyper- and hypothyroidism on fetal development and on the postnatal maturation of the central nervous system was studied in the rat. Our observations indicated that the development of the rat fetus, as measured by birthweight and skeletal maturation of the newborn animal is not markedly influenced by presence or absence of thyroid hormone during the prenatal stage.Availability of thyroid hormone is a more critical factor with respect to maturation of the nervous system taking place in the postnatal animal.Delay in cerebellar maturation and delay in increase in dry weight of cerebrum and cerebellum were noted in hypothyroid rats. A transitory acceleration of oxygen consumption of these structures during their maturation was also noted in hyperthyroid litters.A more permanent suppression of learning behavior and of the thermoregulating mechanism was observed in young hypothyroid rats deprived of thyroid hormone since birth.It is concluded that requirements for thyroid hormone during development of the rat are limited to a critical period coinciding with the first two to three weeks of postnatal age.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091500206
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