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  • 2000-2004  (21)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphologische und funktionelle Veränderungen der Nasenschleimhaut nach nCPAP-Therapie (2000)
    Springer
    HNO 48 (2000), S. 747-752 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0458
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Obstruktives Schlafapnoesyndrom ; nCPAP Therapie ; Nasenschleimhaut ; Elektronenmikroskopie ; Keywords Obstructive sleep apnea ; nCPAP-therapy ; Nasal mucosa ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Background and objective. The treatment success of nCPAP therapy (nasal continuous positive airway pressure) depends partly on the relief of symptoms and partly on long-term patient acceptance and the related avoidance of complications.Nasal complaints constitute the most frequently reported side effects and, together with problems of mask application, are among the primary factors causing an nCPAP-therapy to be prematurely discontinued. Patients/Methods. To assess the morphological changes of the nasal mucosa during nCPAP-therapy, we excised specimens of nasal mucosa tissue in twelve patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) both before and 3–10 months after establishing nCPAP-mask acceptance. The specimens were examined by electron microscopy. Results. In all these patients, acceptance of the CPAP mask marked the initial part of therapy. In addition, mucociliary clearance was assessed by the saccharin test before and after therapy. In all patients, the nasal epithelium underwent fundamental changes upon CPAP therapy, which became manifest as modifications in the shape of epithelial cells, conglutination and clumping of the microvilli, and the appearance of immunocompetent cells. Once patients were nCPAP mask compliant, mucociliary clearance was distinctly prolonged in all cases. Conclusions. A successful therapeutic concept should provide normalization of room temperature and air humidity once nCPAP mask compliance has been achieved, and include regular assessment of the condition of the mucosa in the upper respiratory tract. Only by these measures can nasal complications be countered or therapy be applied at an early stage.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Hintergrund und Fragestellung. Der Therapieerfolg einer nCPAP-Therapie (“nasal continuous positive airway pressure”) ist einerseits abhängig von der Linderung der Beschwerden und andererseits von der Langzeitakzeptanz und der hiermit verbundenen Vermeidung von Komplikationen. Nasale Beschwerden sind die häufigsten Nebenwirkungen und neben den Maskenproblemen die wichtigste Ursache, weshalb eine nCPAP-Therapie frühzeitig unterbrochen wird. Patienten/Methodik. Wir haben bei 12 Patienten mit einem obstruktivem Schlafapnoesyndrom Probeexzisionen aus der Nasenschleimhaut vor und 3–10 Monate nach Anpasssung der nCPAP-Maske entnommen und elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Bei all diesen Patienten war die Anpassung der nCPAP-Maske die Ersttherapie. Darüber hinaus wurde vor und nach der Therapie die mukoziliäre Clearance mit Hilfe des Saccharintests beurteilt. Ergebnisse. Bei allen Patienten kam es nach der nCPAP-Therapie zur grundlegenden Veränderungen des Nasenepithels mit Veränderung der Epithelzellenform, Verklebungen und Verklumpungen der Mikrovilli und auftreten von immunkompetenten Zellen. In allen Fällen war die mukoziliäre Clearance nach Anpassung der nCPAP-Maske deutlich verlängert. Schlussfolgerungen. Ein erfolgreiches Therapiekonzept sollte die Normalisierung der Raumtemperatur und Luftfeuchtigkeit gleich nach der Anpassung der nCPAP-Maske und die regelmäßige Beurteilung der Schleimhautverhältnisse der oberen Atemwege beinhalten. Nur somit können nasale Komplikationen aufgehalten oder frühzeitig therapiert werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001060050652
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An ultrastructural study of pigmented purpuric dermatitis with special reference to fibrous long-spacing collagen (2000)
    Springer
    Medical electron microscopy 33 (2000), S. 39-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-773X
    Keywords: Key words Pigmented purpuric dermatitis ; Endothelial cell ; Fibrous long-spacing collagen ; Intracellular structure ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A case of pigmented purpuric dermatitis (PPD) in a Japanese man aged 59 years is reported with an interesting ultrastructural finding. Clinically, the lesions, which consisted of telangiectatic puncta and pigmentation, were irregular in shape and occurred predominantly on the lower legs without pruritus. Histologically, lymphocytic perivascular infiltrates and extravasation of red blood cells were observed in the papillary dermis. Ultrastructurally, endothelial cells with ovoid nuclei showed swelling and the lumen of the capillary became narrowed. Several banded structures, so-called fibrous long-spacing collagen (FLSC), were observed in the cytoplasm. They were spindle shaped, about 5 μm in length, and showed crossbands of 300-nm-wide intervals with fine intraperiodic bands. These structures were not observed in dermal connective tissue and fibroblasts. These results suggested that FLSC was synthesized in endothelial cells rather than being phagocytosed by endothelial cells, which might be helpful in investigating the etiology of PPD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007950000006
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of titanium leak to bone tissue surrounding dental titanium implant: electron microscopic findings and analysis by electron diffraction (2000)
    Springer
    Medical electron microscopy 33 (2000), S. 96-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-773X
    Keywords: Key words Dental titanium implant ; Electron microscopy ; X-ray microanalysis ; Electron diffraction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study investigated the tissue response associated with dental titanium implants. The mandibular third and fourth premolars and first molar of three adult beagle dogs were extracted bilaterally. Healing was then allowed for 3 months. Six titanium implants were placed in the mandibles of a dog. Three weeks after the implantation, mandibular sections containing the implants were retrieved with the use of a bone saw and investigated by light and electron microscopy, X-ray microanalyzer, and electron diffraction. Scanning electron microscopic observation showed titanium particles on the implant–bone interface, and investigation by microanalyzer revealed titanium not only on the implant–bone interface but also in the bone tissue. Transmission electron microscopic observation and investigation by electron diffraction showed titanium in the bone matrix and cells other than macrophages. In this study, titanium particles from the dental implant were recognized morphologically in the surrounding bone tissue. Thus, study of the influence of titanium particles on the human body is needed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007950070008
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ectopic calcification following tibial fracture: property analysis (2000)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 29 (2000), S. 609-612 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Keywords Ectopic calcification ; Deep posterior compartment syndrome ; Computed tomography ; Carbonate-containing apatite ; Electron microscopy ; X-ray diffraction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  We present a patient whose ectopic calcification following deep posterior compartment syndrome was studied by electron microscopy, chemical analyses, and X-ray diffraction. The patient complained of a toe flexion deformity following a tibial fracture which he sustained 18 years earlier. Damage to the peroneal artery was demonstrated by magnetic resonance angiography, suggesting that the patient had had deep posterior compartment syndro-me in the past. A large radiopaque mass, identified in the flexor hallucis longus muscle by radiographs and computed tomography, was resected, resulting in a dramatic improvement of the toe deformity. The resected material was analyzed in detail. It included no osseous tissue, and was not birefringent under a polarizing microscope, being compatible with ectopic calcification rather than ossification. On electron microscopy the material was found to be an assembly of tiny rods. Chemical and X-ray diffraction analyses suggested a carbonate-containing apatite as the most probable substance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560000267
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tubulovesicular particles occur early in the incubation period of murine scrapie (2000)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 99 (2000), S. 525-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Tubulovesicular particles ; Scrapie ; Electron microscopy ; Prion protein ; Transmissible ¶spongiform encephalopathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Tubulovesicular bodies are structures, apparently specific to the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, which are of unknown composition and significance. Prion protein (PrP) is absent from tubulovesicular bodies when tissues are examined by immunogold electron microscopy. In the F1 cross of C57 and VM mice (CVF1) infected with ME7 scrapie there is a marked degeneration of hippocampal CA1 neurons. In this model the earliest changes seen, at about 100 days post inoculation (dpi) are a degeneration of axon terminals and synaptic loss. Terminal disease is around 250 dpi. In blind coded trials we counted the number of tubulovesicular particles and estimated their density in 56–76 electron micrographs taken from the stratum radiatum of each of one or two CVF1 ME7-infected mice at 84, 100, 126, 154 and 181 dpi and from four normal brain inoculated control mice. Tubulovesicular particles were present from 98 dpi and the density of particles increased with increasing incubation period. The very early occurrence of tubulovesicular particles, before the presence of significant pathology, argues that tubulovesicular particles are a part of the primary disease and are not epiphenomena.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010051155
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Papillary glioneuronal tumour: clinicopathological and biochemical study of one case with 7-year follow up (2000)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 99 (2000), S. 321-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Papillary ; Glioneuronal tumour ; Electron microscopy ; NCAM ; L1 adhesion molecule
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Among the mixed glioneuronal tumours, a new variant called papillary glioneuronal tumour has recently been delineated. A case occurring in a 23-year-old man is reported. The tumour was cystic with a mural nodule enhanced by gadolinium injection. It was located within the left parieto-occipital lobe. Surgical excision showed a greyish friable tumour with cystic areas. Histopathological examination revealed a pseudopapillary component comprising a single layer of regular cells, arranged around hyalinised vessels. These cells were immunoreactive with anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein and HNK1 antibodies. A neurocytoma-like component coexisted with round blind cells and focal fibrillary rosettes. These cells were immunostained by anti-neuron-specific enolase and anti-synaptophysin antibodies. Neither mitoses nor ganglioid cells were seen. HNK1, the three isoforms of NCAM, and the L1 adhesion molecule were detected by Western blot analysis. Ultrastructural study showed three different types of cells. The first contained gliofilaments, the second showed long processes with true synapses, and the third was poorly differentiated. However, all had identical nuclei and contained dense bodies. These findings suggest a common origin for the tumour cells derived from a bipotential neuroglial progenitor. As for other mature mixed neuroglial tumours, the prognosis is good. Our patient is free of disease 7 years after complete surgical treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00007445
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative morphometric evaluation of peripheral nerves and muscle fibers in myotonic dystrophy (2000)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 99 (2000), S. 39-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Sural nerve ; Muscle fiber diameter ; Morphometry ; Electron microscopy ; Myotonic ¶dystrophy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We compared peripheral nerve fibers and muscle fibers in myotonic dystrophy (MD) using a computer-assisted device for morphometry. In the 17 cases with MD studied, the sural nerves of 14 cases (82%) showed various degrees of reduction of the myelin sheath area (MSA) per endoneurial area. Of these, 8 cases (47%) presented with a mild reduction of the MSA, 5 cases (29.4%) with moderate reduction, and one case (6%) with severe reduction. The number of myelinated nerve fibers was not significantly reduced in MD when compared with control nerves, due to clusters of small regenerated nerve fibers. The mean diameter of the muscle fibers in 6 of the 17 cases was less than 40 μm. Of these 6 severely affected cases, ¶5 revealed a considerable reduction of the MSA. Other cases, which appeared to be normal in respect to the diameter of muscle fibers, showed various degrees of reduction of the MSA. Thus, there is usually, but not always a morphometric correlation of the severity of changes between peripheral nerves and muscle. The severity of the peripheral neuropathy appears to depend largely on the patient’s age, the stage of the disorder, and the time of progression. Electron microscopic examination of sural nerves showed significant, though non-specific pathological changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00007404
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Indocyanine green (ICG) and laser irradiation induce photooxidation (2000)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 292 (2000), S. 404-411 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Key words Fluorescence ; Photodynamic therapy ; Bromosulphophthalein ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The cellular uptake and subcellular localization of indocyanine green (ICG; absorption band 700– 850 nm), and cell survival and ultrastructural changes following ICG-mediated phototherapy were investigated in vitro in four different cell lines derived from human skin (SCL1 and SCL2 squamous cell carcinoma, HaCaT keratinocytes and N1 fibroblasts). The cellular uptake of ICG (1–50 μM, incubation times 1, 4, 24 h) was saturable, highly cumulative and could be inhibited by the addition of 250 μM bromosulphophthalein indicating the involvement of the organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP). For HaCaT cells, the maximum cellular uptake (Vmax) and the Michaelis constant (Km) were 9.9 ± 1.1 mM and 47 ± 16 μM, respectively, following a 24-h incubation with ICG. Fluorescence microscopy revealed a cytoplasmic distribution of ICG, probably bound to glutathione S-transferase. Following irradiation with a cw-diode laser (805 nm, 80 mW/cm2) at doses of 24 or 48 J/cm2, the phototoxicity was determined using the MTT assay as a measure of cell viability. For all cell lines, ICG concentrations above 25 μM produced a significant phototoxic effect. The EC50 of ICG for HaCaT cells following irradiation at 24 J/cm2 was 20.1 ± 3.9 μM. Growth curves showed that even HaCaT cells treated at the EC50 were killed within a week following treatment. Electron microscopy 1 h after ICG-mediated phototherapy revealed cytoplasmic vesiculation, dilation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi complex and the perinuclear cisternae and the beginning of chromatin condensation in the nucleus. These ultrastructural findings are not consistent with a photothermal action of ICG-mediated phototherapy. Taken together with those of previous studies by our group these results support photooxidation as a major cell-killing mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004030000147
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface changes in the rat vomeronasal epithelium during degeneration and regeneration of sensory receptor cells (2000)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 201 (2000), S. 467-473 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Pheromone ; Supporting cell ; Vomeronasal organ ; Olfaction ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  To investigate cell turnover in the vomeronasal epithelium we used electron microscopy to obtain quantitative measurements of changes observed at the surface of the sensory epithelium. Receptor cell degeneration was induced by sensory nerve transection and animals were examined at postoperative recovery times of 2, 4, 6, 10, 15, 35 and 60 days. We measured the number and density of receptor and supporting cells, and membrane length at the surface of the sensory epithelium. The number of receptor cells rapidly decreased during the degeneration period, reaching a minimum at 6 days. After 15 days of recovery the number and density of receptor cells returned to control levels. The surface membrane length for regenerated receptor cells was similar to that of controls, however the morphological appearance was characteristic of immature cells. In contrast to the receptor cells, the number and density of supporting cells did not change during degeneration and regeneration. However, there was a significant increase in the length of supporting cell-surface membranes. These results suggest that during receptor cell degeneration, supporting cell membranes compensate for the loss of receptor cells by expanding their surface membrane length to help to maintain the continuity of the epithelial surface. Thus, an important role of vomeronasal supporting cells may be to maintain the structural integrity of the epithelium during turnover of the receptor cell population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004290050333
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure and innervation of regenerated intrafusal muscle fibres in heterochronous isografts of the fast rat muscle (2000)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 100 (2000), S. 435-444 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Muscle transplantation ; Muscle ¶regeneration ; Electron microscopy ; Muscle spindles ; Motor innervation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles from 2- to 28-day-old rats were grafted into EDL muscles of adult inbred recipients (n = 8). At 1–6 months after the operation, experimental muscles were excised and the ultrastructure and innervation of regenerated muscle spindles was examined. Regenerated muscle spindles (n = 36) in isografted EDL muscles contained 4.3 ± 0.2 (mean ± SEM) encapsulated muscle fibres. These “intrafusal” muscle fibres lacked nuclear bag and nuclear chain accumulations, which are characteristic of normal muscle spindles; thus, they rather resembled thin encapsulated extrafusal muscle fibres. In the same sample, myelinated axons were found in 33 (92%) muscle spindles, but no sensory terminals were found. These findings demonstrate that regenerated spindles in isografted EDL muscles were not reinnervated by spindle-specific sensory axons, but exclusively by motor axons. Typical intracapsular motor endplates (MEPs) were found in one third of regenerated spindles examined. Their motor terminals contained accumulated mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. As is characteristic for MEPs, axolemma and sarcolemma were separated by a synaptic cleft about 60 nm wide that contained a basal lamina. The underlying sarcolemma formed either small infoldings or none at all, and the subsynaptic area contained only small subsarcolemmal accumulations of mitochondria. It is apparent that the structures described here as “regenerated muscle spindles” do not perform their normal physiological function as stretch receptors because they lack the sensory innervation. The present results show that regeneration and reinnervation in heterochronous isografts corresponds to that previously described in autotransplanted free muscle grafts. The results also show that, during muscle spindle regeneration, intrafusal satellite cells develop into extrafusal-like muscle fibres, apparently due to their motor innervation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010000194
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Defect structure of the low temperature α-cristobalite phase and the cristobalite ⇆ tridymite transformation in (Si-Ge)O2 (2000)
    Springer
    Physics and chemistry of minerals 27 (2000), S. 386-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Keywords: Key words Cristobalite ; Tridymite ; Phase transformation ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Using minimum exposure techniques, it is feasible to perform high resolution electron microscopy on the α-cristobalite phase of (Si0.9 Ge0.1)O2, which is extremely radiation sensitive. Such images reveal atomic scale information of twins and tridymite-like stacking faults on (1 1 1)β planes, as well as of domain boundaries resulting from the β→α transition. Polytype structures are formed in certain cases. Morphological features suggest that the phase transformation cristobalite → tridymite proceeds by means of a zonal dislocation mediated synchro-shear process on (1 1 1)β planes; the geometry of this process is analyzed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002699900082
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The need for a shared database infrastructure: combining X-ray crystallography and electron microscopy (2000)
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 29 (2000), S. 457-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Key words X-ray crystallography ; Electron microscopy ; Biological databases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Advances in structural biology are opening greater opportunities for understanding biological structures from the cellular to the atomic level. Particularly promising are the links that can be established between the information provided by electron microscopy and the atomic structures derived from X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Combining such different kinds of structural data can result in novel biological information on the interaction of biomolecules in large supramolecular assemblies. As a consequence, the need to develop new databases in the field of structural biology that allow for an integrated access to data from all the experimental techniques is becoming critical. Pilot studies performed in recent years have already established a solid background as far as the basic information that an integrated macromolecular structure database should contain, as well as the basic principles for integration. These efforts started in the context of the BioImage project, and resulted in a first complete database prototype that provided a versatile platform for the linking of atomic models or X-ray diffraction data with electron microscopy information. Analysis of the requirements needed to combine data at different levels of resolution have resulted in sets of specifications that make possible the integration of all these different types in the context of a web environment. The case of a structural study linking electron microscopy and X-ray data, which is already contained within the BioImage data base and in the Protein Data Bank, is used here to illustrate the current approach, while a general discussion highlights the urgent need for integrated databases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002490000089
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gastrointestinal pacemaker cell tumor: clinicopathological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study with special reference to c-kit receptor antibody (2000)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 436 (2000), S. 234-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Gastrointestinal pacemaker cell tumor ; Interstitial cells of Cajal ; Gastrointestinal autonomic nerve tumor ; c-kit Receptor-antibody ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Recent studies indicate that a subgroup of gastrointestinal stromal tumors, including gastrointestinal autonomic nerve tumors (GANTs), originate from stem cells that differentiate toward a pacemaker-cell phenotype. These pacemaker cells form a complex network intercalated between the autonomic nerves and the muscle walls of the gastrointestinal tract and are called interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC). The c-kit receptor (CD117) is a sensitive marker for ICC. The aim of our study was to support the hypothesis that GANTs show ICC differentiation. Seven GANTs without convincing smooth muscle or neural differentiation all showed homogeneous reactivity for the c-kit receptor. CD34 was positive in three cases. On electron microscopy, the typical features of GANT were present. Six tumors contained skeinoid fibers. Most tumors were related to the small bowel. They presented as single (two cases) or multiple (five cases) tumors. The presenting symptoms were abdominal bleeding (2), abdominal mass (2), anemia (1), and small-bowel perforation (1). In two cases, liver metastases developed. Because of the close immunohistochemical and electron microscopic similarities of these tumors to the interstitial cells of Cajal, the term gastrointestinal pacemaker cell tumor seems appropriate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050036
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence of M cells as portals of entry for antigens in the nasopharyngeal lymphoid tissue of humans (2000)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 436 (2000), S. 560-566 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words M cell ; HRP ; Nasopharyngeal lymphoid tissue ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The nasopharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) are prominent components of human nasal-associated lymphoid tissues (NALT). However, the role of the nasopharyngeal tonsils in antigen uptake for initiation of the mucosal immune response is unknown. The aims of this study were to describe the ultrastructure and function of the M cells of the human nasopharyngeal tonsils and to clarify their capacity for antigen uptake. Tissues obtained from eight patients undergoing adenectomy were examined by light and electron microscopy. Lymphoepithelium covers the nasopharyngeal lymphoid tissue and consists of ciliary epithelium, non-ciliary epithelial cells, M cells, goblet cells, and many intraepithelial lymphoid cells. M cells have irregular and broad cytoplasm-containing microvilli on their surface and small vesicles in their cytoplasm. Many lymphoid cells were enfolded by M cells. The uptake of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the tissue in organ culture was studied using histochemical techniques. Excised adenoid tissue was incubated in RPMI 1640 culture media with HRP for 10, 30, and 60 min. HRP which had adhered to the surface was taken up in vesicles and then transported in vesicles and tubules by M cells. The M cells of nasopharyngeal lymphoid tissue were ultrastructurally and functionally similar to those in human Peyer’s patches and colonic lymphoid follicles. These findings indicate that NALT bears similarities to the gut-associated lymphoid tissue, and its antigen uptake capacity may be important for initiation of immunity in the upper aerodigestive tract.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004289900177
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unusual prostatic adenocarcinoma with endocrine basophilic FSH-immunoreactive cells (2000)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 436 (2000), S. 628-633 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Prostate adenocarcinoma ; Endocrine cells ; Immunohistochemistry ; FSH ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  We report an unusual variant of prostatic adenocarcinoma with marked endocrine differentiation (mixed endocrine-exocrine adenocarcinoma). Endocrine cells accounted for 60% of the tumour cells, were positive with silver impregnation and for chromogranin A, synaptophysin, and neuron-specific enolase, and coexpressed the exocrine antigens prostatic acid phosphatase and prostatic-specific antigen. Most of the endocrine cells were basophilic with haematoxylin-eosin and proved immunoreactive for alpha subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin and follicle-stimulating hormone. The remaining endocrine cells were represented by eosinophilic cells positive for serotonin, and by calcitonin and serotonin-immunoreactive cells not identifiable in haematoxylin-eosin-stained sections. On ultrastructural analysis, two types of endocrine cells were identified. The most frequent cell type showed abundant cytoplasmic round, electron-dense neurosecretory granules, either small (212±44 nm) or large (471±114 nm), resembling those of gonadotropic pituitary cells. The second type of endocrine cells contained irregular electron-dense granules similar to those of serotonin-storing enterochromaffin cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004289900163
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for stable grain boundary melt films in experimentally deformed olivine-orthopyroxene rocks (2000)
    Springer
    Physics and chemistry of minerals 27 (2000), S. 480-494 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Keywords: Key words Olivine ; Grain boundary ; Partial melt ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The microstructure of olivine-olivine grain boundaries has been studied in experimentally deformed (1200–1227 °C, 300 MPa) partially molten olivine and olivine-orthopyroxene rocks. In-situ melting produced ∼1 vol% melt in all samples studied. Grain boundary analyses were carried out using a number of transmission electron microscopy techniques. The grain boundary chemistry in undeformed olivine-orthopyroxene starting material showed evidence for the presence of an intergranular phase along some, but not all, of the olivine-olivine boundaries. In the deformed samples, ultrathin Si-rich, Al- and Ca-bearing amorphous films have been observed along all investigated olivine-olivine grain boundaries. The chemistry of the grain boundaries, which is considered to be indicative for the presence of a thin film, was measured with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and energy-filtering imaging. The amorphous nature of the films was confirmed with diffuse dark field imaging, Fresnel fringe imaging, and high-resolution electron microscopy. The films range in thickness from 0.6 to 3.0 nm, and EDX analyses show that the presence of Al and Ca is restricted to this ultrathin film along the grain boundaries. Because thin melt films have been observed in all the samples, they are thought to be stable features of the melt microstructure in deformed partially molten rocks. The transition from the occasional presence of films in the undeformed starting material to the general occurrence of the films in deformed materials suggests that deformation promotes the formation and distribution of the films. Alternatively, hot-pressing may be too short for films to develop along all grain boundaries. A difference in creep strength between the studied samples could not be attributed to grain boundary melt films, as these have been found in all deformed samples. However, a weakening effect of grain boundary melt films on olivine rheology could not be ruled out due to the lack of confirmed melt-film free experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002690000090
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biocompatibility of MPC: in vivo evaluation for clinical application (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of artificial organs 3 (2000), S. 39-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-0904
    Keywords: Poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine-co-n-butyl methacrylate) (MPC) ; In vivo biocompatibility ; Artificial endocrine pancreas ; Electron microscopy ; Glucose sensor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Biocompatibility is important to assure a mild body reaction to an implanted device and its long-term stability and functionality. In diabetes research, subcutaneously implanted glucose monitoring systems need biocompatible surfaces for long-term application. The biocompatibility of poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine-co-n-butyl methacrylate) (MPC), a material similar to the phospholipid layer of a cell membrane, was compared in vivo with the biocompatibility of polyurethane (PU), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and cuprophane (CUP). Needle-type glucose sensors and hollow-fiber probes used for microdialysis were coated with these four different biomaterials and implanted subcutaneously in 18 rats and 7 healthy volunteers. At set intervals, the implants and, in the case of the rats, also the surrounding tissue were removed and characterized by light and electron microscopy. MPC-coated sensors and hollow-fiber probes showed smooth and thin deposits in flat layers, whereas the surface deposits on PU- and PVA-coated sensors and those on CUP hollow-fiber probes appeared as rough, irregular, and dense attachments of aggregated cells and protein. This study confirmed results from earlier in vitro tests by showing the biocompatibility and reliability of MPC. Even though the amount of protein and cells attached to the MPC surface was not as low as expected from in vitro experiments, the biocompatibility and long-term stability of the implanted devices were superior to those of PU, PVA, and CUP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02479925
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of photic and thermal stress on distal and proximal rhabdomeres in the crayfish eye: why are the visual membranes of the 8th retinula cell more resilient than the others? (2000)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 210 (2000), S. 156-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Photoreceptor ; Visual membrane ; Photic radiation damage ; Retina ; Crustacea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Visual membranes of the crayfish eye either belong to the small, distally placed rhabdomere of retinula cell R8 or are part of the much more voluminous proximal rhabdom, made up of rhabdomeres belonging to cells R1–R7. Under various conditions of environmental stress (e.g., prolonged darkness, elevated temperature, bright light with and without a concomitant rise in temperature, flickering lights) the visual membranes of R8 prove far more resistant to structural damage than those of R1–R7. Membrane damage is known to occur when dormant lipoxygenases become activated, for example through heat. Since R8 is the only type of visual cell in the crayfish retina that does not contain grains of screening pigment, the view that screening-pigment granules could “aggravate” or even “trigger” membrane damage in times of stress is strengthened. Functionally, R8's strong resistance to physical damage when exposed to flickering lights points to a role of the distal rhabdom in the movement detection system of the crayfish eye.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01276855
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chordoid meningioma (2000)
    Springer
    Brain tumor pathology 17 (2000), S. 153-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1861-387X
    Keywords: Chordoid meningioma ; Castleman syndrome ; Electron microscopy ; Immunohistochemistry ; Magnetic resonance image
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Chordoid meningioma is a relatively rare variant that is often associated with peritumoral lymphoplasmacellular infiltration causing Castleman syndrome (CS). We present a 44-year-old woman with chordoid meningioma not associated with CS. The patient presented with epilepsy and right hemiparesis (Todd's palsy) on admission. The radiological findings revealed an extraaxial mass lesion in the premotor cortex. They were compatible with a preoperative diagnosis of meningioma. No physical abnormalities related to CS were detected. A left frontal craniotomy was performed. The tumor surface was gelatinous, and it was totally resected with the attached dura mater (Simpson grade I). The patient had an uneventful recovery, and her seizures subsided. The pathological findings of the specimens revealed nests and cords of spindle and epithelioid cells with abundant myxoid matrix, mimicking the features of chordoma. On the basis of radiological, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic findings, chordoid meningioma was verified, and a review of the literature was performed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02484287
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses: pathological features of bioptic specimens from 28 patients (2000)
    Springer
    Neurological sciences 21 (2000), S. S63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Keywords: Key words NCLs ; Peripheral biopsies ; Brain biopsy ; Blood lymphocytes ; Electron microscopy ; Pathological cytosomes ; Diagnostic criteria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Clinical findings and pathological features of 28 patients affected with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL) are reviewed. The patient group included 15 children affected with the late-infantile form of NCL (LINCL), 10 patients affected with the juvenile form (JNCL), and 3 adult cases. Ultrastructural examinations of 50 biopsies from 6 tissues were consistent with clinical features in all LINCL and JNCL cases but one. The importance of electron microscopic (EM) examination of blood lymphocytes in these forms is outlined, particularly when combined with molecular analysis of the CLN2 or CLN3 genes, respectively. This approach leads to a definite diagnosis of LINCL and JNCL is a relatively short time. In adult NCL, diagnosis still relies on pathological grounds, and difficulties in interpreting the osmiophilic storage bodies in different tissues are outlined. EM investigation of blood lymphocytes was not helpful in any case of adult NCL. Results of one stereotactic brain biopsy are also reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100720070042
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A back-scattered electron microscopy (BSEM) study of the tight apposition between bone and hydroxyapatite coating (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of orthopaedics and traumatology 1 (2000), S. 11-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1590-9999
    Keywords: Key words Hydroxyapatite ; Bone ; Interface ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We performed a back-scattered electron microscopy analysis of the interface between newly formed bone and hydroxyapatite coating, in an experimental rabbit model. Twenty cylinders made of Ti6A14V and coated with hydroxyapatite at different crystallinity were implanted in the distal femural canal and retrieved at 4, 8, 26 an 34 weeks. Crystallinity of the coating varied from 90% to 60% and thickness varied between 50 and 100 μm. Osteocytes were detectable a few micrometers in proximity of the coating. They produced new bone which was so tightly apposed to the coating that high magnification BSEM did not resolve any discontinuity at the interface. This was not observed in uncoated implants. Degradation of the hydroxyapatite coating is not a simple hydrolytic process because newly formed bone is remodelled in areas were a tight apposition with hydroxyapatite is present. The coatint itself is likely to be attacked by the resorptive action of multinucleated giant cells and osteoclasts. In conclusion, response to coated samples is morphologically characterized by tight apposition with bone. The substitution of areas of the coating by newly formed bone is possible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00012192
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Late changes of irreversible post-partum renal failure (1975)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 367 (1975), S. 171-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Kidney failure ; Pregnancy ; Electron microscopy ; Hemolytic-uremicsyndrome ; Basement membrane ; Endothelium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The clinico-pathological data from a patient with irreversible post-partum renal failure (IPRF) are presented. The electron microscopy of the late changes are described for the first time and consists of: 1. Thickening of the basement membrane. 2. Interposition of mesangial cells and matrix between the thickened basement membrane and the endothelial cell encircling the periphery of the tuft. 3. Multiplication of basal lamina material between mesangial cells and endothelial cells. 4. Proliferation of endothelial cells. All of the above changes tend to obliterate the glomerular tufts and transform the vascular lumina into slit-like spaces. They explain morphologically why most patients with IPRF terminate in chronic renal failure, if they survive the early changes. The late occurring hypertension is regarded as a secondary stimulation of the renin-angiotension system caused by partial or complete occlusion of arteries and arterioles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00430705
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Ultrastruktur fibröser und histiocytärer Hauttumoren (Dermatofibrom, Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, Fibroxanthom und Histiocytom) (1975)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 368 (1975), S. 253-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Tumors of the skin ; Histogenesis ; Classification ; Labyrinth nuclei ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird über den Feinbau folgender Hauttumoren berichtet: Dermatofibrom (7 Fälle), Histiozytom (4 Fälle), Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (1 Fall) und Fibroxanthom (1 Fall). Aufgrund ihrer unterschiedlichen ultrastrukturellen Merkmale ist eine zweifache Unterteilung dieser Hauttumoren möglich: In eine Tumorgruppe, umfassend das Dermatofibrom, Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans und Fibroxanthom, bei der die Faserbildung im Vordergrund steht und für deren Histogenese Fibroblasten angenommen werden können. Diese Tumortypen unterscheiden sich vom Histiozytom, dessen Zellcharakter vor allem durch die stark ausgeprägte Phagozytose- und Speichertätigkeit (Fett und Hämosiderin) bestimmt wird und für welches eine histogenetische Ableitung von Histiozyten wahrscheinlich ist. Die Zellkerne des Dermatofibromes und des Histiozytomes weisen einen einfachen Oberflächenverlauf auf, die des Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans und Fibroxanthomes haben hingegen sehr stark gegliederte Formationen („Labyrinthkerne”). Diese Kernsegmentierung ist für das Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans ein morphologisches Korrelat seiner Semimalignität. Eine Klassifizierung der faserbildenden Tumoren als „fibröse Histiozytome” erscheint aufgrund der ultrastrukturellen Analyse nicht gerechtfertigt.
    Notes: Summary A report on the ultrastructure of the following skin tumors: dermatofibroma (7 cases), histiocytoma (4 cases), dermatof ibrosarcoma protuberans (1 case), and fibroxanthoma (1 case). Because of their different ultrastructural characteristics a division into two groups is possible: one group of tumors would include dermatofibroma, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, and fibroxanthoma, where the formation of fibers is extensive and fibroblasts are suggested for its histogenesis. These types of tumor differ from histiocytoma, the cellular character of which is determined by a very pronounced phagocytosis and storage of lipid and hemosiderin; a histogenesis from histiocytes is probable. The nuclei of dermatofibroma and histiocytoma show a simple surfacedevelopment, whereas the nuclei of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans and fibroxanthoma show multisegmented nuclei (“labyrinth nuclei”). In the case of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans this kind of nuclear segmentation seems to be a morphologic correlate of its semimalignancy. Based on ultrastructural analysis a classification of these fiber-producing tumors into “fibrous histiocytomas” is not justified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00432527
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Déficit en alpha-1-antitrypsine chez l'enfant (1975)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 369 (1975), S. 19-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency ; Liver ; Electron microscopy ; Endoplasmic reticulum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fourteen liver biopsies from twelve young patients with liver diseases associated with homozygous, PiZZ phenotype, alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency in their sera were examined by electron microscopy. In all these biopsies characteristic homogeneous material was found in some hepatocytes and corresponded, when observed on adjacent semithin sections by light microscopy, to the deposit stained by periodic acid Schiff reaction. The accumulation in perinuclear spaces resulted in intranuclear invaginations, but the major deposit was located in lumens of the endoplasmic reticulum. The limiting membranes were rough and smooth but the extent of the latter was so large that only this type of reticulum seemed peculiarly involved in the accumulating process. On the contrary, Golgi complexes did not seen obligatorily involved by this process because, when observed, they appeared almost normal even in heavily overloaded liver cells. At least for the PiZZ phenotype, the abnormal substance would be an asialo form of normal alpha-1-antitrypsin. Thus the subject of this study is the morphologic translation of an impairment in the synthesis of a glycoprotein. In the light of data concerning the synthesis of such proteins our findings lead us to suggest: The ultrastructural patterns observed in alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency cannot give the expected morphologic evidence of the biochemical data which locate the first binding steps of monosaccharide residues in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The absence of sialic acid could not result from an enzymatic defect primarily located in Golgi complexes but could be secondary to an impairment in the binding of one monosaccharide residue which improves subsequent fixation of sialic acid, in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Finally it seems necessary to emphasize that the relationship between the abnormal substance and various important non specific lesions is largely unknown and that we don't know the significance of polymorphous dense bodies observed in ductular cells during the cholestatic period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00432458
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural localization of plasma lipoproteins in human intracranial arteries (1975)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 369 (1975), S. 111-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Atherosclerosis ; apoB ; LDL ; VLDL ; Immunoperoxidase ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine-structural localization of apoB, the major protein constituent of both the low and very low density plasma lipoprotein fractions, was described in human middle cerebral and basilar arteries. Using an immunoperoxidase technique together with electron microscopy, apoB was localized only in arteries with atherosclerotic involvement and to the following regions in these arteries: 1. on the outer aspects of extracellular spherical structures with diameters of 250 to 700 Å found predominantly in lipid cores and between bands of collagen fibers of advanced atherosclerotic lesions; 2. on the surface of reduplicated elastica; 3. along collagen fibers and; 4. on aggregates of extracellular spherical lipid globules. These results suggest that the extracellular spheres may represent the fine-structural morphology of deposited low and very low density lipoproteius and that free apoB may be bound to lipid globules, elastica, and collagen fibers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00433237
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural study of calcium-containing precipitation in human parathyroid glands (1975)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 368 (1975), S. 99-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Calcium ; Parathyroid glands ; Chief cells ; Oxyphil cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using the potassium pyroantimonate technique for ultrastructural localization of cations and X-ray elemental analysis with both energy dispersive and wave-length dispersive systems, calcium-containing precipitates were found in normal, hyperplastic and adenomatous human parathyroid glands. Differences were observed between oxyphil cells, and suppressed, stimulated and active chief cells in the content and localization of intracellular precipitation. The oxyphil cells and suppressed chief cells possessed precipitates mainly in nuclei and medium-sized and large mitochondria, whereas the stimulated chief cells possessed precipitates in normal-appearing and morphologically altered mitochondria, and in smooth-surfaced vacuoles and cytosol. The active chief cells usually showed a rather sparse precipitation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00432411
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vinblastine-induced ultrastructural changes in perisinusoidal cells of the rat liver (1975)
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 165 (1975), S. 245-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Vinblastine ; Liver ; Perisinusoidal cell ; Microtubules ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Vinblastine, given intravenously to rats, leads to disappearance of microtubules, formation of paracrystalline inclusions and accumulation of fat droplets in the cytoplasm of the perisinusoidal cells of the liver suggesting that microtubules of the perisinusoidal cells play a role in lipid metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01971384
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An ultrastructural comparison of implantation in young and senescent golden hamsters (1975)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 147 (1975), S. 293-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Implantation ; Golden hamster ; Senescent ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Implantation was compared in young (3–5 month) and senescent (14–17 month) golden hamsters at 3, 31/2, 4, 41/2, 5, and 51/2 days of pregnancy (post-ovulation). One hundred twenty-two embryos (89 from 22 young females and 33 from 18 senescent females) located in utero by cutting thick sections (1–3 μm), were re-embedded and thin-sectioned for electron microscopy. Ultrastructurally implantation and embryonic differentiation was delayed approximately 12 hours in the senescent hamster when compared with young hamsters at the same stage of pregnancy. Failure of the blastocyst to implant would not appear to be a major cause of the declining litter size in aged golden hamsters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315077
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differentiation of sympathicoblasts in cultures of chick ganglia (1975)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 146 (1975), S. 225-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Differentiation ; Sympathetic ganglion ; Culture ; Electron microscopy ; Histochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immature sympathetic ganglia prepared from 51/2- or 6-day-old chick embryos were cultured up to one month. The in vitro development was followed by phase microscopy, electron microscopy and using histochemistry for catecholamines, monoamine oxidase and cholinesterases. During the first week of culture extensive plexuses of nerve fibres were formed between and around the clusters of nerve cells. Mature-looking neurons were observed in the cultures by phase microscopy after three weeks, at which age the mean diameter of the perikarya was more than doubled. Varying catecholamine fluorescence was observed in the perikarya during the entire culture period. The nerve fibres showed usually only weak fluorescence, but, in the older cultures, bright varicosities were regularly found in the fibres. Monoamine oxidase activity was demonstrated already at three days of culture and the reaction was maintained positive. Weak or moderate acetyl-cholinesterase activity was demonstrated in the sympathicoblasts and young sympathetic neurons and their processes. The axolemma showed acetylcholinesterase activity also around the nerve terminals containing small dense cored vesicles. Reactions for the non-specific cholinesterases were negative. Electron microscopy of the 30-day-old cultures revealed that the clusters of nerve cells consisted of mature sympathetic neurons, which contained large (60–200 nm) and small (35–60 nm) granular catecholamine-storing vesicles. Glial cells were almost totally lacking. Large numbers of nerve terminals containing both large and small granular vesicles were observed in the clusters, often in synaptic contact with the sympathetic neurons. It is concluded that the primitive sympathicoblasts are, in favourable conditions, capable of differentiation in culture up to mature sympathetic neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00302172
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In utero development and maturation of the retina of a non-primate mammal: A light and electron microscopic study of the guinea pig (1975)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 146 (1975), S. 279-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Retinogenesis ; Synaptogenesis ; Guinea pig ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A light and electron microscopic examination of retinogenesis in the fetal guinea pig has revealed an early development of synapses and photoreceptor cells. Differentiation of the neural retina begins around day 23 of gestation. By 34 days the retina reaches its maximum thickness. It differentiates an inner plexiform layer in which vesicle-containing processes and primitive synapses are evident. Synaptic ribbons are found in processes of this layer by 43–45 days of gestation. An outer plexiform layer develops within the neuroblast layer at 40 days of gestation; from its first appearance the outer plexiform layer contains synapses complete with synaptic ribbons. Receptor terminals of the α, paranuclear and β type are present well before birth. Photoreceptor cells form inner segments by 40 days; the formation of outer segments is indicated by 45 days but not widespread until 49 days. The retina appears mature by day 51–57. It is clear that the primate is not unique in the early differentiation of its retinal synapses relative to the time of maturation of its photoreceptor cells. The potential functional capacities of precocious retinae, and the mechanisms of synapse development are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00302175
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Melanogenesis in the pigment epithelium of chicken embryos (1975)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 147 (1975), S. 177-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Iris ; Melanogenesis ; Chicken embryo ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The iris anlage of 2–10 and 15 days old chicken embryos were studied histochemically, and by both light and electron microscopy. Light microscopic serial sections showed that pigmentation began at the outer layer of the posterior eye pole and progressed from there forwards to the optic cup margin. The entire outer layer of the optic cup as well as the pupillary margin were completely pigmented by the 4th day of incubation. By the 10th day the posterior iris epithelium was totally pigmented. Electron microscopical studies showed that the first premelanosomes appeared at about the 3rd day of incubation in the anterior iris anlage with the exception of the pupillary margin. It could be shown that melanogenesis progressed through the following steps: premelanosomes, followed by tyrosinase activity in a Golgi-associated system of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (GERL) and small vesicles and finally differentiation of the melanosomes. The possible origin of the premelanosomes and the formation of melanin are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306732
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formation and nature of swirl defects in silicon (1975)
    Springer
    Applied physics 8 (1975), S. 319-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: Self-interstitials in silicon ; Swirls ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Point defect agglomerates in dislocation-free silicon crystals, usually called “swirls”, have been investigated by means of high-voltage electron microscopy. It was found that a single swirl defect consists of a dislocation loop or a cluster of dislocation loops. By contrast experiments it could be shown that these loops are formed by agglomeration of self-interstitial atoms. Generally the loops have a/2〈110〉 Burgers vectors, but in specimens with high concentrations of carbon (∼1017 cm−3) and oxygen (∼1016 cm−3) also dislocation loops including a stacking fault were observed. In crystals grown at growth rates higher thanv=4 mm/min no swirls are observed; lower growth rates do not markedly affect the size and shape of the dislocation loops. With decreasing impurity content (particulary of oxygen and carbon) the swirl density decreases, whereas the dislocation loop clusters become larger and more complex. A model is presented which describes the formation of swirls in terms of agglomeration of silicon self-interstitials and impurity atoms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00898366
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  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vascular and neuroglial changes in experimental herpes simplex encephalitis (1975)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 33 (1975), S. 245-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Herpes simplex encephalitis ; Blood-vessels ; Reactive microglia ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Generalized vascular changes and diffused proliferation of reactive microglia were observed in an experimental model of HSV encephalitis of mice. The wide spread of these changes contrasted with the localized character of virus replication and the confined areas of damaged nervous tissue. The vascular and microglial changes were precocious in animals inoculated with concentrated virus suspension (105.5LD50) while they appeared late in mice inoculated with diluted virus suspension (100 LD50). After inoculation with U.V. inactivated virus no changes were seen. The results obtained in this study suggest that the vascular and microglial modifications are not related to a direct cytopathic effect of the virus but dependent on the amount of virus present in the central nervous system and linked to the virus DNA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688397
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  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brain involvement in Whipple's disease (1975)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 33 (1975), S. 275-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Whipple's disease ; Macrophage ; Electron microscopy ; Brain involvement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A man of 22 with Whipple's disease suffered from an acute febrile state and unconsciousness. Focal inflammatory lesions accompanied by large numbers of peculiar macrophages occurred in thalamus and basal ganglia. The electron microscopic findings conform to previous reports on brain involvement in Whipple's disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688400
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  • 35
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    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopic investigation of inclusion material in a case of adult metachromatic leukodystrophy; Observations on kidney biopsy, peripheral nerve and cerebral white matter (1975)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 33 (1975), S. 165-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Adult metachromatic leukodystrophy ; Brain ; Peripheral nerve ; Kidney ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structural characteristics of storage products in peripheral nerve, kidney and cerebral white matter, from a case of adult metachromatic leukodystrophy are described. There were pronounced differences from the fine structural aspects in late infantile cases. A large proportion of the inclusions did not exhibit a unit membrane. An hypothesis is proposed to clarify the delayed manifestation of this type of metachromatic leukodystrophy until adulthood.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687542
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  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Niemann-Pick disease (Crocker's type C) (1975)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 33 (1975), S. 191-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Niemann-Pick disease ; Storage distribution ; Cerebral vascular glycolipid ; Histochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A histochemical study is reported of regional differences of the lipid storage in a case of Niemann-Pick disease (NPD) type C. Besides tissues known to be affected (reticuloendothelium, hepatocytes, nervous system), storage was demonstrated in adrenal cortical spongiocytes, sweat glands, renal glomerular and tubular cells, smooth muscle, excretory tubules of some salivary glands, ependyma and in choroid plexus. In most tissues were stored sphingomyelin, cholesterol and a small amount of a glycosphingolipid. In the endothelium of cerebral and spinal vessels the main stored lipid was a glycosphingolipid. The significance of these regional differences are discussed and their study is recommended as a useful counterpart to the biochemical investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688393
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  • 37
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    Electronic Resource
    A study of the perineurium in peripheral nerve pathology (1975)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 33 (1975), S. 257-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Perineurium ; Pathology ; Electron microscopy ; Homeostasis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The response of the perineurium to the following experimental systems was investigated by light and electron microscopy: nerve crush, cold lesion and microinjection of (a) histamine liberator, (b) potassium cyanide, (c) lysophosphatidyl choline (LPC). Where myelin breakdown occurred, lipid globules were seen within Schwann cells, macrophages and also perineurial cells. Where increased vascular permeability occurred, proteinaceous material leaked from endoneurial vessels into the endoneurial space and later appeared between perineurial laminae. It is suggested that the normal homeostatic function of the perineurium is extended in pathology to the removal of protein and lipid debris. In this way the perineurium contributes to the restoration of the normal microenvironment of peripheral nerve fibres.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688398
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  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Symmetrical infantile thalamic degeneration with focal cytoplasmic calcification (1975)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 33 (1975), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Thalamus ; Cytoplasmic calcospherules ; Non-dystrophic ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Infantile thalamic degeneration is a rare clinico-pathological entity. Restricted location of the lesion and peculiar cytopathological changes serve to distinguish this disorder from other common encephalopathies. Optical and ultrastructural studies demonstrate cytoplasmic calcopherules in previously viable cells. According to current concepts of acute cellular reactions to injury and mechanism of intracellular calcification, the cytological changes cannot be attributed to either hypoxic ischemic cell change or dystrophic calcification. By analogy to other human and pathological material, the most likely basis for nondystrophic calcopherule formation is toxic or infectious injury with local synthesis, or autophagic or phagolysosomal degradation of cellular debris of specific chemical composition favoring calcium deposition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00685959
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  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epileptic activity and anatomical characteristics of different lesions in cat cortex. Ultrastructural study (1975)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 33 (1975), S. 143-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Experimental epilepsy ; Oedema
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Three different types of lesions have been studied in the cortex of the cat, by means of electroencephalography and electron microscopy. These three types of lesions can be listed in order of increasing magnitude according to their capacity to induce abnormal electrical activity: 1. incision of the cortex gives paroxymal activity, 2. intracortical insertion of a resin pellet generates weak epileptic activity, 3. intracortical insertion of a cobalt resin pellet produces epileptic activity. A parallel can be drawn between electrophysiological and anatomical data: there seems to be a quantitative relationship between the degree of epileptic activity and the extent of perilesional tissue. Furthermore, in this perilesional tissue, oedema is observed, the intensity of which varies according to the type of lesion. Thus, the epileptic activity of a lesion seems to be proportional not only to the volume of the perilesional tissue but also to the development of the oedema.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687540
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  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GM2-Gangliosidosis, AB variant (1975)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 33 (1975), S. 207-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: GM2-Gangliosidosis, AB Variant ; Hexosaminidase A and B ; Electron microscopy ; Membranous cytoplasmic inclusions ; Zebra bodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Clinical and neuropathological studies of a case of AB variant GM2-gangliosidosis have been presented. The patient was a 14 months old black female infant who had “black cherry spot” in the retinas. The total activities of β-galactosidase and N-acetyl-β-hexosaminidase, as well as the proportion of hexosaminidase A and B components in her serum and leukocytes were normal when the assays were carried out with artificial fluorogenic substrate. Diagnosis of GM2-gangliosidosis AB variant was established by an abnormal increase of GM2-ganglioside in the biopsied brain tissue, similar to classical Tay-Sachs disease. Her clinical manifestation appeared to be similar but somewhat milder than those of classical Tay-Sachs disease. Light microscopic features of the cerebral biopsy were also closely similar to Tay-Sachs disease and Sandhoff disease but gliosis and neuronal loss were less pronounced. Electron microscopic study revealed numerous membranous cytoplasmic bodies (MCB) and zebra bodies in neurons. In addition, varieties of large intracytoplasmic inclusions in astrocytes, a feature distinctly different from classical Tay-Sachs disease, were observed. Numerous cytoplasmic inclusions were also present in oligodendroglia, pericytes and microglial cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688395
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  • 41
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The myocardium in Lafora disease (1975)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 33 (1975), S. 343-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Lafora disease ; Myocardium ; Deposits ; Enzame histochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Histological, histochemical and electron microscopic studies on the myocardium of 3 Japanese patients with Lafora disease were carried out. Deposits in the myocardium stained positively with PAS, Best's carmine and Lugol's indine. After digestion of the sections with α-amylase, the deposits disappeared or were less intense, in particular with PAS staining. Phosphorylase activity was deficient in the myocardium of Case 3, when compared with controls, both of which were kept frozen at −20°C following autopsy. Electron microscopy revealed that the deposits were not membrane-bound and consisted of fine particles and fibrillae. The nature of the deposits is diseussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00686166
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  • 42
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    Electronic Resource
    Origin and ultrastructure of intra-hyphal hyphae in Trichophyton terrestre and T. rubrum (1975)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 106 (1975), S. 195-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Trichophyton terrestre ; Trichophyton rubrum ; Hyphal fusions ; Origin of intra-hyphal hyphae ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A cell observation chamber was designed to perform continuous photomicroscopic observations of hyphal anastomosis and the origin of intra-hyphal hyphae in Trichophyton terrestre and T. rubrum. These data were correlated with ultrastructural features of intra-hyphal hyphae. Hyphal fusions occurred commonly in either species of Trichophyton when incubated alone. In T. terrestre, empty hyphal segments adjoined by live units were invaded at the septa from both directions by new hyphal ingrowth. Continuous observations revealed that the intra-hyphal hyphae subsequently anastomosed via a lateral fusion peg. Similar intra-hyphal hyphae were shown in T. rubrum. Electron microscopic studies revealed ascomycetous septa in both conventional hyphae and intra-hyphal hyphae. For the latter, the cytoplasm and wall of the inner hypha were bounded by cytoplasmic organelles and another cell wall of the outer hypha.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00446523
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  • 43
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    Electronic Resource
    Micro-autoradiographic studies on host-parasite interactions (1975)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 105 (1975), S. 193-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Bean ; Rust ; Haustorium ; Sheath ; Autoradiography ; Infection ; Electron microscopy ; Phaseolus vulgaris ; Uromyces phaseoli
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Tritium labeled uredospores of Uromyces phaseoli were produced be feeding the host, Phaseolus vulgaris, with 3H-orotic acid. These spores were allowed to germinate on and to penetrate into a bean leaf. 24 hrs after inoculation, the bean rust had formed the first haustorium. All fungal structures, including the fungus walls, were heavily labeled. No label could be detected in the cells that had come into contact with the hyphae. In the infected host cell, the haustorium was labeled heavily, but the sheath around the haustorium and the host cell remained free of label. These results indicate that no detectable amounts of label leach from the bean rust into the host at this stage of infection although it is known that the rust takes up many metabolites. Since the sheath remains free of label and all fungal structures are evenly labeled, it is concluded that the sheath is formed by the host.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00447137
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  • 44
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the integumental melanophores of the coelacanth, Latimeria chalumnae (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 163 (1975), S. 383-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Skin pigmentation ; Melanocytes ; Melanophores ; Electron microscopy ; Latimeria (Coelacanth)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The integumental melanophores of Latimeria chalumnae were studied by light and electron microscopy. The epidermal melanophore located in the mid-epidermis consists of a round perikaryon with long slender dendrites extending into epidermal cells and intercellular spaces. The dermal melanophores occur in the loose dermal matrix underlying a relatively thick layer of collagen fibers. The dermal melanophores are usually flattened and their dendrites lie parallel to the collagen layer. Both epidermal and dermal melanophores contain oval, electron-opaque melanosomes, large mitochondria, agranular vacuoles of endoplasmic reticulum and microtubules. Microfilaments and RNP particles are less conspicuous. While the peripheral cytoplasm of both dermal and epidermal melanophores is filled with a large number of melanosomes, the perinuclear cytoplasm of many dermal melanophores is occupied by premelanosomes in various stages of differentiation, and that of the epidermal melanophore contains numerous large vacuoles. Despite the scarcity of epidermal melanophores, the epidermal melanin unit is present in the form of melanosome complexes. In addition, the melanophores of Latimeria possess the basic characteristics common to other vertebrates, but they more closely resemble those of lungfish and other aquatic vertebrates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219472
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  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative histochemical and electron microscopic studies of the sinus and venous walls of the human spleen with special reference to the sinus-venous connections (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 163 (1975), S. 519-533 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Human spleen ; Sinus lining cells ; Pulp veins ; Histochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sinus and venous walls of normal human spleens were studied with enzyme histochemical and electron microscopic methods. Particular attention was paid to the connections between sinuses and veins. Histochemically the sinus lining cells revealed a distinct naphthol-AS-acetate-esterase activity but no reaction for alkaline phosphatase. Venous endothelial cells were positive for the latter but negative for the former enzyme. In the sinusvenous junctional area there were no endothelial cells with reactivity for both enzymes. Electron microscopically both the sinus lining cells and the venous endothelial cells could be clearly characterized and therefore easily distinguished from one another on morphological grounds. There were no clear ultrastructural indications of transitional forms between sinus lining cells and venous endothelial cells in the sinus-venous area. According to these findings, sinus lining cells represent a specialized endothelium, but one with practically no morpholgical similarities to the venous endothelium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218497
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  • 46
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The fine structure of the epidermis of two species of salmonid fish, the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and the brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 163 (1975), S. 535-543 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Epidermis ; Salmonids ; Mucous cells ; Mucus ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of epidermal mucous cells of two species of salmonid fish has been described. Mucous cells are, next to filament-containing cells, the most commonly encountered cells in fish epidermis. The development of the cells as they progress to the periphery has been characterised. They are initially difficult to distinguish from filament-containing cells: later, they can be recognised by the presence of much smooth-surfaced E.R. The mucigenesis and the subsequent secretion of mucus has been observed and it is essentially comparable to that which occurs in the mucous cells of the mammalian intestine. The mucous layer of the epidermal surface seems to mainly comprise of the products of these mucous cells and the “cuticle” seen in other species has not yet been observed in the salmonid species investigated here.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218498
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  • 47
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thick filaments in vertebrate smooth muscle (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 156 (1975), S. 201-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Smooth muscle ; Myofilaments ; Vas deferens ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Smooth muscle cells of the mouse vas deferens fixed with 5% glutaraldehyde contained three types of filaments, namely, thin (50–80 Å) filaments, intermediate (100 Å) filaments and thick (120–180 Å) filaments. However, in 2 out of 16 experiments, under identical conditions, the cells did not contain thick filaments. With OsO4 fixation, thin filaments were not prominent, the most obvious being thick (120–250 Å) and intermediate (100 Å) filaments. After soaking in a modified Ringer solution under no applied tension for one hour, thick filaments (120–180 Å) appeared prominently in smooth muscle cells of the mouse vas deferens and thin filaments were in ordered bundles. By 4 hours, thick filaments had increased in size and density, with thin filaments distributed randomly around them. After 8 hours in Ringer, thin filaments were diffuse and difficult to discern, while thick filaments were large (up to 300 Å) and electron-dense. Intermediate (100 Å) filaments were present in association with dark bodies. Physiological experiments indicated that the intracellular components responsible for the development of a mechanical response were still functional at this time. The presence of “thick filaments” is also reported in degenerating smooth muscle cells of the guinea-pig vas deferens in tissue culture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221803
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  • 48
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution and dimension of the T-system in different muscle fiber types in the Atlantic hagfish (Myxine glutinosa, L.) (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 157 (1975), S. 1-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Muscle fiber types (Myxine glutinosa, L.) ; T-system ; Growth ; Shrinkage ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Triad density relative to sarcomeres, size of T-system tubules, sarcomere length, muscle fiber diameter in native and fixed states, and size of myofibrils were measured in four striated muscle fiber types in Atlantic hagfishes (Myxine glutinosa, L.) of different sizes. Triads occur at A/I — junctions in all fiber types. The density of triads relative to sarcomeres is higher in “white” than in “red” muscle fibers. The T-tubules show no sign of branching. The area of the T-system tubules is 3–4 times the surface area in 80 μm “white” muscle fibers and 1–2 times that in 60 μm “red” fibers. The size of myofibrils is similar in “white”, “intermediate”, and “red” fibers of m. parietalis, and constant through a large span of animal size. In “white” fibers, increase in diameter up to 90 μm is accompanied by an increase in the number of myofibrils, not by an increase in the individual size of the myofibrils. Above 90 μm, “white” fibers grow by increasing the amount of intermyofibrillar space. This is reflected by an extensive shrinkage of the thicker “white” fibers during the preparative procedure for electron microscopy, a shrinkage that is limited only by complete packing of the myofibrils. “Red” fibers shrink much less.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223227
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  • 49
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure and fluorescence histochemistry of endocrine (APUD-type) cells in tracheal mucosa of human and various animal species (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 158 (1975), S. 425-437 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Tracheal epithelium (human, animal) ; APUD-Endocrine system ; Electron microscopy ; Histochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study describes distinctive cells with ultrastructural and histochemical features of APUD-type endocrine cells within the tracheal epithelium of human fetuses, newborns and children as well as different animal species. These cells referred to as Kultschitzky cells (K cells) were found to be argyrophilic, but not argentaffin, and are considered analogous to the same type of cells in lung and gastro-intestinal tract. Fluorescence histochemistry demonstrated the presence of intracellular amine within tracheal K cells, but only after in-vitro or in-vivo administration of amine precursor (L-DOPA). Ultrastructurally, these cells are characterized by the presence of numerous cytoplasmic granules (dense core vesicles) which show species related morphologic variations. Two different types of K cells were found in trachea of lamb and armadillo, each type possessing morphologically different dense core vesicles. In human and rabbit tracheas, only one type of K cell was identified. K cells in the trachea are distributed as single cells between other epithelial cells; neuroepithelial bodies such as those found in bronchial mucosa were not identified. Well differentiated K cells were found in tracheas of early human fetuses and throughout gestation, infancy, and childhood. Preservation of K cells in human autopsy material and widespread occurrence of these cells in various laboratory animals will permit further studies into the nature and function of tracheobronchial endocrine cells.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220210
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  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The dormant buds of Rhabdopleura compacta (Hemichordata) (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 159 (1975), S. 387-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Dormant bud (Rhabdopleura) ; Capsule ; Winter survival ; Yolk store ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Rhabdopleura has an overwintering stage that consists of two layers of cells surrounding a central yolk mass. This cellular part is surrounded by a thick electron dense capsule which is secreted by the bud itself. The capsule is probably impervious and protective to its contents. Blood vessels join the buds to the zooids of the colony. They form the probable route of transfer of yolk from the zooids to the dormant bud. The capsule of the dormant bud has some structural features in common with the black stolon of the adult zooids. The black stolon is probably formed in a manner similar to that which made the fusellar fabric of the periderm of fossil graptolities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221785
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  • 51
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    Electronic Resource
    Aminergic nuclei in the hypothalamus of the roach Leuciscus rutilus (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 159 (1975), S. 493-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypothalamus ; Teleost ; Aminergic nuclei ; Falck-Hillarp method ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the hypothalamus of the roach (Leuciscus rutilus) green and yellow fluorescent cells were found in the nucleus recessus lateralis (NRL) and the nucleus recessus posterioris (NRP) and green fluorescent cells in the nucleus recessus preopticus (NRPO). The green fluorescence indicates the presence of noradrenaline or dopamine and the yellow one the presence of 5-hydroxytryptamine. The cells of the NRL and NRP contained electron dense granules averaging 70 nm in diameter. The NRL is divided into two parts. These and the NRP are connected by large fluorescent tracts. The NRL and NRP send axons towards the nucleus lateralis tuberis (NLT) and the NRPO sends axons towards the nucleus preopticus (NPO). It could not be established whether the aminergic nuclei described are the origin of the fluorescent fibers in the hypophysis of the roach.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221705
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  • 52
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    Electronic Resource
    Distribution and morphology of amphibian extra-adrenal chromaffin tissue (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 160 (1975), S. 371-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Frog ; Chromaffin ; Classification ; Nerve endings ; Fluorescence microscopy ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. The distribution and morphology of chromaffin cells in the para-aortic region and in the ganglia of the paravertebral sympathetic chain was studied with fluorescence histochemistry and electron microscopy. 2. Four types of chromaffin cell were distinguished largely on the basis of their vesicular content: Type I cells contain large, electron-dense vesicles (600–7000 Å) and are comparable to noradrenaline-containing cells in the adrenal gland, Type II cells contain large, vesicles (600–7000 Å) that are filled with a less electron-dense material than that in Type I cells and are comparable to adrenaline-containing cells in the adrenal gland, Type III cells contain smaller vesicles (1000–3000 Å) that are incompletely filled with an electron-dense material and may represent cells that have been depleted of their catecholamines by stimulation, Type IV cells are clearly different from the other three cell types with respect to the size and appearance of the vesicles (1000–1500 Å), nuclei and rough endoplasmic reticulum and may represent immature sympathetic neurons. 3. Nerve profiles, identified as cholinergic, were found in close apposition with all four cell types. No examples of a close association between processes of chromaffin cells and sympathetic neurons were found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222046
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  • 53
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    Electronic Resource
    The ultrastructural morphology of the squirrel monkey area postrema (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 160 (1975), S. 315-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Primate ; Brain stem ; Medulla oblongata ; Ependyma ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Examination of the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) area postrema (AP) revealed this circumventricular organ to be primarily composed of two types of glial cells and a single type of neuronal element. No pattern of neuronal arrangement could be discerned, however, this cell type was frequently observed in close relation to the perivascular spaces. The neuronal elements, although slightly larger than the glial cells, were characteristically less electron dense. The neurons routinely displayed an infolded nuclear membrane, a single nucleolus and the normal complement of subcellular organelles. Synaptic terminals were numerous, and both axo-somatic and axo-dendritic varieties were observed with the latter being more numerous. Both clear-cored and dense-cored vesicles could be observed in the same ending. Unmyelinated neuronal processes were the predominant type within the interior of the AP, although myelinated processes were also regularly present. Non-neuronal elements within the AP resembled CNS astrocytes and were as numerous as the neuronal elements. This cell type appeared to envelope completely the vasculature and separated the parenchyma from the perivascular spaces. The ventricular surface of the AP was covered by modified ependyma which lacked kinocilia but frequently demonstrated microvillar projections. Opposed ependymal cell membranes showed interdigitations, and zonula adherens-type cell junctions connected the ependymal cells near the ventricular lumen. Two types of bulbous projections were observed in the ventricular lumen close to the ependymal surface. The most characteristic feature of the AP, however, was its vascularity. Perivascular spaces surrounding fenestrated capillaries contained fibroblasts and collagen. The vascular endothelium routinely demonstrated pinocytotic activity, and the basal lamina was prominent.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222042
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  • 54
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    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for myoblastic potential of satellite cells in denervated muscle (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 160 (1975), S. 345-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Muscle denervation ; Satellite cell ; Regeneration ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The failure of denervated muscle to undergo effective regeneration, despite reported increases in the number of muscle satellite cells, warranted an investigation of the viability and myoblastic capacity of these cells present in denervated muscle. Four types of satellite cells present in muscle denervated for three weeks are described, based on their ultrastructure and relationship to their principal fiber. The increased number of ribosomes, including helically arranged polysomes; the number of Golgi complexes; the presence of microtubules; the branching subsarcolemmal tubular system; and the appearance of regularly arranged 96 Å microfilaments with diffuse electron dense areas are structural features of satellite cells that are similar to those of developing myoblasts in growing and regenerating muscle. The electron microscopic observations suggest that “activated” satellite cells do have myoblastic potential. Possible explanations for the ultimate failure of denervated muscle to regenerate include: 1) the inability of the muscle to produce satellite cells rapidly enough to keep pace with muscle degeneration; 2) a cytotoxic effect produced by the degenerating muscle fiber on the satellite cell; and 3) the inability of satellite cells to form stable, mature multinucleated fibers in the absence of the trophic effect of the nerve.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222044
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    Satellite cells of the rat soleus muscle in the process of compensatory hypertrophy combined with denervation (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 160 (1975), S. 411-421 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Compensatory muscle hypertrophy ; Muscle denervation ; Atrophy and hypertrophy ; Muscle satellite cells ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Compensatory hypertrophy was induced in the rat soleus muscle by sectioning the tendon of the ipsilateral gastrocnemius and plantaris muscle. Seven days after tenotomy of synergistic muscles, when soleus hypertrophy attains about 40%, the number of satellite cells (expressed as percentage of all muscle nuclei found in the same cross-sections) as revealed by electron microscopy, was increased from 5.8±0.06% in the normal soleus muscle to 16.6±1.26%. After four days' denervation of the soleus muscle the percentage of satellite cells was increased to 7.2±0.62%. In experiments where hypertrophy of the soleus muscle was combined with denervation three days after tenotomy of synergists, and examined after another four days (during which time it loses, as has previously been shown, over 40% of its predenervation weight), the number of satellite cells was greatly increased to 29.9±3.42%. This increase is apparently due to two independent processes which take place during the first postoperative period: a) mitotic division of satellite cells during the early stages of compensatory hypertrophy and b) pinching off of muscle nuclei from rapidly atrophying muscle fibres due to subsequent denervation. Activation of satellite cells was mainly manifested by expansion of smooth and especially of rough endoplasmic reticulum, a rich Golgi complex, high pinocytotic activity, increased number of ribosomes and by nuclear changes. Concomitantly with the increased number of satellite cells, proliferation of fibroblasts, macrophages and mast cells could be observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222049
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    An association between mitochondria and vesicles in smooth muscle (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 161 (1975), S. 119-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Muscle, smooth ; Mitochondria ; Cell membrane, vesicles ; Electron microscopy ; Morphometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two methods are described for measuring the mitochondrion-vesicle association seen by electron-microscopy in thin sections of the guinea-pig taenia coli. Both methods are based on comparisons of the observed distributions with predicted random distributions. It was found in control muscles that mitochondria were consistently nearer to vesicles than corresponding random points. 1 mM ouabain treatment reduced the mitochondrion-vesicle association for mitochondria which were closer to the membrane surface than 130 nm. Quantitative investigation of the freeze-etch structure of the membrane fracture faces is also reported, confirming the observation that membrane particles are more numerous in vesiculated membrane regions of smooth muscle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222118
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  • 57
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    Fine structure of single fibres of human skeletal muscle (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 161 (1975), S. 471-476 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Human skeletal muscle ; Type I and II fibres ; Myofibrillar ATP-ase ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Individual muscle fibres were separated from freeze-dried needle biopsies and classed as type I or type II fibres according to their myofibrillar ATP-ase. Portions of the same fibres were processed for electron microscopy and their fine structure examined. Type I fibres were found to have thicker Z-bands and more mitochondria and lipid droplets than the type II fibres.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224137
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  • 58
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    Electron microscopic observations on extraneuronal lipofuscin in the monkey brain (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 161 (1975), S. 555-565 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Lipofuscin ; Hypothalamic neuropile ; Phagocytosis ; Capillary endothelium ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructure of osmiophilic bodies identified as lipofuscin granules occurring at extraneuronal sites in the brain tissue of both young and old monkeys was studied. The present work revealed that lipofuscin granules were detected normally in the neuroglia cells, phagocytic cells and pericytes surrounding the blood capillaries, as well as in the capillary endothelium. However, their presence in these sites was more marked in young animals. The findings presented in this report are strongly suggestive of the normal removal of lipofuscin from the nerve cells to the capillary endothelium, and suggest further that the phagocytic cells as well as the glia cells participate in this removal mechanism. Being a more active process during youth, few lipofuscin granules are present in neurones from young animals. Failure of the removal mechanism due to diminished activity of the participating cells with ageing, is probably the cause of lipofuscin accumulation in senescent neurones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224144
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  • 59
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural identification of umbilical cord vein endothelium in situ and in culture (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 162 (1975), S. 49-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Endothelium ; Human umbilical cord vein ; In vitro culture ; Weibel-Palade bodies ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of human umbilical cord vein endothelium in situ, after isolation by collagenase treatment, and in primary culture is described. The cultured cells formed a monolayer with typical “butt” and interdigitated junctions with specialized areas, and contained Weibel-Palade bodies, rod-shaped tubular organelles considered specific of endothelial cells. These morphological features were not present in cultures of human skin fibroblasts and fibroblast-like cells derived from umbilical cords. It is thus concluded that endothelial cells retain their characteristic fine structure in primary culture. Simple ultrastructural studies can thus be used to identify endothelial cells in culture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223261
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  • 60
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    Electronic Resource
    Myelin formation in cultures of previously dissociated mouse spinal cord (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 162 (1975), S. 93-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Myelination ; Cell culture ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Myelin formation in cultures of previously dissociated spinal cord from foetal mice is described. In addition to the expected pattern of myelination, in which axons are closely wrapped by myelin lamellae, redundant folds of myelin have been found, as have double sheaths surrounding a single axon. Hypotheses concerning the generation of these appearances are discussed. It is suggested that certain intracytoplasmic laminar bodies found in oligodendrocytes in vitro may be of mitochondrial origin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223265
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  • 61
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    Electron microscopic observations on the castration-induced X zone in the adrenal cortex of male mice (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 162 (1975), S. 119-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenal Gland ; Mouse ; X zone ; Castration ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The secondary X zone induced by castration in the adrenal cortex of adult male mice was examined by electron microscopy and radioautography with 3H-thymidine. 10–15 days after castration a thin layer of small eosinophilic cells is formed in the inner-most cortex. Such eosinophilic cells contain irregulary shaped nuclei and spherical or ellipsoidal mitochondria with tubulolamellar cristae, 20–25 days after castration a prominent zone of small eosinophilic cells was clearly identified as the secondary X zone. The typical secondary X zone cells were characterized by the formation of peculiar mitochondrial complexes and whorled sER. The X zone cells with their characteristic organelles incorporated 3H-thymidine. The ultrastructure and formation of the secondary X zone were very similar to those of the primary X zone which appears during normal postnatal development. We demonstrate here the capacity of reticularis cells of adult male mice to transform into typical X zone cells following castration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223267
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  • 62
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    Cytochemical and electron-microscopic study of the paraoesophageal bodies and related nerves in Schizophyllum sabulosum (L.), diplopoda julidae (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 162 (1975), S. 367-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Paraoesophageal bodies ; Cytochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Schizophyllum sabulosum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructural study of the paraoesophageal bodies of Schizophyllum sabulosum reveals the occurrence of two axonal types (ax 1 and ax 2) near secretory cells. Two possibilities exist for the functional role of the nerves related to these paraoesophageal bodies. The results of treatment with proteases (pronase, pepsin, trypsin) and the identification of glycogen in both the paraoesophageal bodies and the nerves that link them to the brain and Gabe organs, suggest transport of at least part of the secretions from the paraoesophageal bodies to the Gabe organs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220183
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    Chromaffin cells in the glomerular zone of adult rat adrenal cortex (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 164 (1975), S. 275-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Chromaffin cells ; Adult rat adrenal cortex ; Glomerular zone ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The occasional presence of islets of chromaffin cells in the glomeru lar zone of the adrenal cortex of adult rats, is reported in this light and electron microscope study. A possible error in organogenesis of the gland and the possible persistence of some foetal characteristics in these ectopic cells are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218980
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    Fine structural demonstration of acid phosphatase in rabbit germinal epithelium prior to induced ovulation (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 164 (1975), S. 279-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Graafian follicle (Rabbit) ; Ovulation ; Ovary surface epithelium ; Lysosomes ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The germinal or surface epithelium covering rabbit Graafian follicles contains occasional small, dark, lysosome-like bodies. After an ovulatory dose of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) such bodies gradually increase in size and number. At 8 hr after HCG there is a maximal accumulation in the apical follicle cells; then the dense bodies decrease and just prior to ovulation, 9.5 hr after HCG, only few of them remain in the attenuated surface epithelium. Most of the growing membrane-surrounded bodies probably represent lysosomes, since electron microscopy combined with cytochemistry revealed that many of them contain the lysosomal “marker” enzyme, acid phosphatase. The role of sex steroids and prostaglandins regarding lysosomal growth and labilization is discussed. The close temporal relation between disappearance of the apical surface epithelial lysosomes and disintegration of the underlying tunica albuginea gives further support to our working hypothesis that at least part of the “ovulatory enzymes” emanate from the surface epithelium. The technical assistance of Miss Ingalis Fransson, Miss Kerstin Nilsson and Mrs. Ulla-Britt Westman is greatly appreciated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223010
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  • 65
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    Cellular contacts in the synovial membrane of the cat and the rabbit: An ultrastructural study (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 164 (1975), S. 525-541 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Synovial membrane ; Cell junctions ; Hemidesmosomes ; Incomplete basement membranes ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Regularly, four different types of cellular contacts are found in synovial folds and villi of the cubital joint of the cat (interdigitations, desmosomes, intermediate junctions, gap junctions). The same types of contact-with the exception of intermediate junctions — occur sporadically also in synovial fat folds of the knee joint of the rabbit. In both species, hemidesmosomes and discontinuous basement membranes are seen in the synovial lining layer. Cellular contacts predominate between A-cells and cells of the intermediate type, hemidesmosomes and incomplete basement membranes predominate in intermediate cells and B-cells. The latter are rare in A-cells. The importance of such contacts for mechanical, metabolic and electrical interactions of cellular elements in the synovial membrane is discussed. No unanimous concept as to their function can be advanced at present.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219943
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    The membrane systems of the cardiac muscle cell of Cirolana borealis Lilljeborg (Crustacea, Isopoda) (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 163 (1975), S. 175-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cardiac sarcomeres ; Circolana borealis (Isopod) ; T-tubules ; Sarcoplasmic reticulum ; Couplings ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The membrane systems of the cardiac muscle cell of the isopod Cirolana borealis Lilljeborg are described. The sarcolemma invaginates at the level of the Z band, forming transverse tubules. Narrow tubules branch off in a longitudinal direction from these transverse and radially arranged TZ-tubules forming a transverse collar at each A-I level, where dyadic and triadic junctions are formed with the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Two different orientations of the coupling discs have been detected in the supercontracted sarcomere, and this observation has been discussed. Adjacent myofibrils are separated by a double layer of sarcoplasmic reticulum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221725
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    Investigations on the turnover of adrenocortical mitochondria (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 163 (1975), S. 273-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenal cortex ; Mitochondria ; Dexamethasone ; DNA-synthesis ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of chronic administration of dexamethasone (for up to 15 consecutive days) on both the morphology and DNA-synthesis of the mitochondria of the rat adrenal zona fasciculata were investigated by stereologic and autoradiographic techniques. Up to the 3rd day of continuous dexamethasone treatment, the average volume of mitochondria did not change, whereas the number of mitochondria per cell was significantly decreased. From the 3rd to the 15th day of hormonal administration both the volume and number of mitochondria were found to decrease in proportion to the duration of treatment. Autoradiography showed that after the 3rd day of dexamethasone administration there is virtually no incorporation of 3H-thymidine into the mitochondrial compartment. These findings are discussed in the light of evidence indicating that dexamethasone blocks ACTH-release by inhibiting the hypothalamo-hypophyseal axis. The results confirm the view that ACTH controls the maintenance of growth and proliferation of rat adrenocortical mitochondria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219464
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    Ultrastructural evidence for a direct connection between the myocardial granules and the sarcoplasmic reticulum in the cardiac ventricle of Myxine glutinosa (L.) (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 163 (1975), S. 353-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Specific heart granules (Cyclostome) ; Atrial granules ; Calcium ; Uranophilic core substance ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The occurrence of structural connections between myocardial granules and tubular elements of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in the cardiac ventricle of the Atlantic hagfish is described. The core substance of the myocardial granules is shown to be uranophilic and in this respect similar to the granular cores within the lumen of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. After application of CaCl2-containing fixatives, the ultrastructure of the core substance of these organelles resembles that described for calcium-containing structures in vertebrate glial cells. Incidences of uranophilic core substance in the extracellular space suggest a secretory function of the myocardial granules. Possible implications of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the myocardial granules in storage, intracellular transport, and secretion of bound calcium are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219469
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  • 69
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    Functional states and fine structure of the contractile apparatus of the penis retractor muscle (PRM) of Helix pomatia L. (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 156 (1975), S. 253-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Smooth muscle (Helix pomatia) ; Contractile apparatus, Functional states ; Thick myofilaments ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the isolated glycerinated penis retractor muscle (PRM) of Helix pomatia was investigated. The diameter distributions of thick myofilaments from fibre cross sections in the relaxed, phasic contracted, tonic contracted, and in the catch states show that a characteristic filament spectrum is formed in the catch state and its preceding active state. The significant structural differences are discussed in relation to earlier hypotheses related to the catch state.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221808
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  • 70
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    Electron microscopic and enzyme cytochemical studies on the guinea pig metaphysis with special reference to the lysosomal system of different cell types (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 156 (1975), S. 273-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Metaphyseal bone (Guinea pig) ; Osteogenic cells ; Lysosomes ; Alkaline phosphatase ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A transmission electron microscopic study of demineralized, methaphyseal bone of the young guinea pig is presented. Special attention is paid to the lysosomal system of the different cell types. Visualization of acid phosphatase and aryl sulfatase activity was used to identify tissue components as belonging thereto. The distribution of alkaline phosphatase activity, a plasma membrane marker, was also examined. Osteoblasts were distinguished by a marked development of the granular endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi complex. Perivascular cells type A, morphologically resembled the osteoblasts, and are believed to represent an early stage in the specialization of the latter. A few lysosomes were normally found in the osteoblasts; they were less common in the type A cells. In contrast to their regular occurrence in guinea pig epiphyseal cartilage, dense bodies of lysosomal nature (“type I vesicles”) were only rarely seen in the bone matrix. Structures analogous to the type II vesicles in cartilage were, however, normally present. Their membrane showed activity of alkaline phosphatase. Possible functions of lysosomes and matrix vesicles in osteogenesis are discussed. Perivascular cells type B and chondroclasts both contained a prominent Golgi complex and large numbers of free ribosomes, mitochondria and lysosomes. In the type B cells, inclusion material of varying appearance often occurred in the lysosomes and in endocytic vesicles. The chondroclasts sometimes presented a ruffled border, with associated vacuoles and lysosomes in the subjacent cytoplasm. It is suggested that both cell types participate in the resorption of the epiphyseal cartilage. Chondroclasts presumably arise by fusion of type B cells and/or monocytic precursors from the peripheral blood. The skilled technical assistance of Mrs. Eva Lundberg and the secretarial assistance of Mrs. Inger Åhrén are gratefully acknowledged. The authors are indebted to Dr. Stanislaw Moskalewski for constructive criticism of the manuscript.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225359
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    Electron microscopic studies on the uptake of exogenous marker particles by different cell types in the guinea pig metaphysis (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 156 (1975), S. 301-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Metaphyseal bone (Guinea pig) ; Osteogenic cells ; Endocytosis ; Lysosomes ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Guinea pig metaphyseal bone was exposed to horse spleen ferritin in vitro and to colloidal thorium dioxide in vivo. The cellular uptake and intracellular accumulation of these marker particles were studied ultrastructurally. In vitro, the ferritin molecules were found to spread evenly throughout the tissue. After 1–2 hours ferritin was mainly found in plasma membrane invaginations and in endocytic vesicles of varying size. At 4–6 hours a successive accumulation of the marker in secondary lysosomes could be observed. In addition to ferritin, the lysosomes and the large endocytic vesicles often contained other inclusions. In vivo, the pattern of intracellular accumulation of the marker particles was identical to that in vitro. Moreover, the presence within the cells of similar amounts of thorium dioxide after 1 and 4 days suggested that these indigestible molecules are stored intracellularly for a considerable time. In accordance therewith there were no definite signs of extrusion of labeled bodies or secretion of the exogenous marker by exocytosis. Ferritin and thorium dioxide were taken up by all cell types in the metaphysis. Both in vitro and in vivo perivascular cells type B ingested large amounts of marker particles, whereas chondroclasts, endothelial cells, perivascular cells type A and osteohlasts showed a more restricted endocytizing ability. On the basis of these observations, the functional significance of different cell types in the resorption of the epiphyseal cartilage and the formation of bone is discussed. The skilled technical assistance of Mrs. Eva Lundberg and the secretarial assistance of Mmes. Ulla Linder and Diane Setchell are gratefully acknowledged. The author is also indebted to Dr. Ulf Friberg and Dr. Stanislaw Moskalewski for constructive criticism of the manuscript.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225360
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  • 72
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    Aspects of furrow membrane formation in the cleaving Drosophila embryo (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 156 (1975), S. 463-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Embryonic cleavage ; Drosophila embryo ; Membrane growth ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary During blastoderm formation, the Drosophila embryo produces a large area of new membrane to accommodate the simultaneous demands of approximately four thousand newly cleaved cells. The embryo was examined with the electron microscope at various stages during cleavage in order to investigate the high membrane forming capacity of these cells. Embryos were subjected to the histochemical procedure for the demonstration of thiamine pyrophosphatase. The enzyme was present in the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies and the nuclear envelope. No activity could be demonstrated on the furrow surface or at the furrow tip despite closely adjacent reactive cisternae. It is concluded that the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi bodies are not major contributors to the new surface. Lamellar bodies were frequently observed in the cytoplasm of all stages examined. The bodies showed a lamellar periodicity of approximately 3.5 nm, and were ultrastructurally similar in appearance after a variety of fixation procedures. The distribution of these bodies was markedly related to the stage of blastoderm formation. Before the commencement of cleavage, lamellar bodies were very prominent within a region 4–5 μm. below the cell surface. As cleavage progressed, the bodies became sparse or absent from this region but were apparent at the base of the blastoderm cells or in the sub-blastoderm region, where they were not previously present. Lamellar bodies with leaflets closely associated with, or in apparent continuity with, the cleavage furrow membrane were frequently observed. In these regions the lamellar periodicity was the same as the thickness of the membrane laminae. It is suggested that these bodies play a role in the synthesis of new membrane in the furrow. Intercellular contact specializations between the developing membranes of the furrow were restricted to incipient desmosones and point contacts where the intercellular gap was reduced to 3 nm or less.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225106
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    Movement of neurosecretory product through the anatomical compartments of the neural lobe of the pituitary gland (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 156 (1975), S. 483-497 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurohypophysis ; Neurosecretion ; Neurophysin ; Neurohypophysia hormones ; Electron microscopy ; Autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electron-microscope autoradiographs have been prepared from the neural lobes of the pituitary glands of rats which had received intracisternal injections of [35S] cysteine at various times before gland removal. The rate of appearance and disappearance of autoradiographically demonstrable radioactivity in the neural lobe closely paralleled that previously determined, biochemically, for radioactive hormones and neurophysins. Radioactivity was appreciably associated with the undilated parts of neurosecretory axons only during the first few hours after injection of the label. The axonal dilations were subdivided into those in which small vesicles could be seen (“endings”) and those in which no small vesicles could be seen (“swellings”). Radioactivity appeared first in “endings” and then in progressively larger and larger profiles of “swellings”. It appeared that newly arrived granules were found close to the limiting membrane of the nerve swelling and that as time progressed they moved deeper and deeper into the swelling. On the basis of the results, suggestions were made for an anatomical explanation of the readily-releasable pool of hormone which has been demonstrated pharmacologically.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225108
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    The structure of the tapetum of the eye of the sheep (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 157 (1975), S. 73-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Eye (Sheep) ; Tapetum ; Collagen ; Microfibrils ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The structure of the tapetum of the sheep's eye has been examined by transmission electron microscopy. It consists of regularly arranged layers of collagen fibrils, estimated from the hydroxyproline content to make up about 60% of the dry weight of the tissue. There are several hundred of these layers in the whole depth, a majority being orientated in the same direction. The collagen is associated with strands of microfibrillar material as well as with cells of both fibrocyte and smooth muscle types.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223231
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  • 75
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    The fine structure of the iris of the grass frog, Rana pipiens (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 158 (1975), S. 111-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Iris ; Rana pipiens ; M. dilatator, sphincter pupillae ; Electron microscopy ; Photosensitivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The iris of the grass frog Rana pipiens, can respond to light even when isolated from the remainder of the animal. The iris is a three-layered structure, comprising a stromal layer and two layers of pigment epithelium. The sphincter pupillae, which is composed of pigmented smooth muscle cells, is embedded between the two layers of pigment epithelium. There is no dilator pupillae in this species. We have been unable to find any cells or any organelles in the iris which are anatomically specialized for photoreception in any obvious way.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219954
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  • 76
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    Electronic Resource
    Tubular structures associated with intracytoplasmic spirochetes (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 158 (1975), S. 333-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Spirochete ; Artemia ; Brine shrimp ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary When tissues of spirochete-infected brine shrimp (Artemia salina) were examined by electron microscopy, tubular structures were often seen closely associated with intracytoplasmic spirochete profiles. These tubules were never observed in association with spirochetes found in the haemocoel or other extracellular spaces. Since the trilaminar layer comprising the wall of the tubules was identical in ultrastructure to the outer envelope of the spirochete, these structures were interpreted to be finger-like extensions of the spirochete outer envelope.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223830
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  • 77
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the integumental melanophores of the Australian lungfish, Neoceratodus forsteri (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 158 (1975), S. 363-373 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Skin pigmentation ; Melanocytes ; Melanophores ; Lungfish ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The integumental melanophores of Australian lungfish, Neoceratodus forsteri, were examined by light and electron microscopy and found to possess essentially the same structural characteristics observed in other vertebrates. The epidermal melanophores are located in the intermediate epidermis and possess round perikarya and slender dendrites extending into nearby intercellular spaces. The dermal melanophores are found immediately below the basement membrane as well as in the deeper dermis. These cells possess flattened nuclei and dendrites running parallel to the basement membrane. Each melanophore contains numerous oval or elliptical, intensely electron-dense melanosomes, relatively large mitochondria, systems of vacuolar endoplasmic reticulum, groups of free RNP particles, and some microfilaments. Only a few, short microtubules could be demonstrated in the perinuclear cytoplasm of the dermal melanophore, while a relatively large number of late premelanosomes are found both in perikarya and dendritic processes of epidermal melanophores. These premelanosomes exhibit a particulate internal structure in cross section. Both melanosomes and premelanosomes occur singly in the cytoplasm of epidermal cells, thereby confirming the existence of the epidermal melanin unit in the lowest vertebrates thus far examined electron microscopically.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223833
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  • 78
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the integumental melanophores of the South American lungfish (Lepidosiren paradoxa) and the African lungfish (Protopterus sp.) (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 158 (1975), S. 375-389 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Skin pigmentation ; Melanocytes ; Melanophores ; Electron microscopy ; Lungfish
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The integumental melanophores of two genera of lungfish, Lepidosiren paradoxa and Protopterus sp. were examined by light and electron microscopy. Both species possess both epidermal and dermal melanophores with fine structural characteristics basically similar to those of other vertebrates. The epidermal melanophores of both species are located in the intermediate epidermis, and possess thin perikarya containing round nuclei, and slender dendrites extending into the nearby intercellular spaces. The dermal melanophores occur immediately beneath the basement membrane, and possess flat perikarya and dendrites running horizontally between the collagen fibers of the dermis. The integument of both species does not possess an epidermal melanin unit or a dermal chromatophore unit. As in other vertebrates, each melanophore contains numerous oval, electron-opaque melanosomes, relatively large mitochondria, vacuolar endoplasmic reticula, and groups of RNP particles. Although micro filaments running randomly between other organelles occur regularly, microtubules were not demonstrated. Premelanosomes at various stages of differentiation were best illustrated in the dermal melanophores of Protopterus, and it is concluded from the observation of their fine structure that the morphological development of lungfish melanosomes closely parallels that of higher vertebrates. On the basis of melanophore morphology, Lepidosiren and Protopterus appear to be more closely related to each other than to Neoceratodus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223834
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  • 79
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    Electronic Resource
    Fine structure of the gastric epithelium of the ascidian Botryllus schlosseri. Mucous, endocrine and plicated cells (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 158 (1975), S. 481-496 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Gastric epithelium ; Ascidia (Botryllus schlosseri) ; Ciliated mucous, endocrine and plicated cells ; Structure and function ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The following five cell types have been recognized and defined on the basis of their fine structure in the gastric epithelium of B. schlosseri: vacuolated and zymogenic cells (described in a previous paper); ciliated mucous, endocrine and plicated cells. The ciliated mucous cells are distributed at the apex and the bottom of the gastric folds and along the dorsal groove. The mucus droplets appear to form from the Golgi complex as secretory granules of variable density and texture, which are released from the cell after fusion of their membranes with the apical plasma membrane. Holocrine or apocrine secretion has not been observed. The endocrine cells are scattered and are characterized by electron dense granules, especially numerous in the basal region of the cell. Finally, the plicated cells, present in the pyloric caecum, show rod-like microvilli, a well developed Golgi complex and abundant, deep infoldings of the basal plasma membrane, which are associated with numerous mitochondria. The possible role of the gastric cell types is discussed taking into account information concerning morphologically similar cells in other animals, as well as previously reported data on the biochemistry and physiology of digestion and excretion in ascidians.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220214
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  • 80
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    Electronic Resource
    Pericytes and perivascular microglial cells in the basal forebrain of the neonatal rabbit (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 158 (1975), S. 517-541 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pericytes and Microglia ; Neonatal rabbit ; Forebrain ; Golgi method ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Three types of pericytes outline the vascular bed in Golgi preparations of the newborn rabbit brain. Elongate cells (Type I) are restricted to capillaries, elements resembling smooth muscle cells (Type II) surround vessels of intermediate size, and large flat forms (Type III) cover the surface of arterioles and venules. Electron microscopy shows all types to be located within a well defined perivascular basement membrane. It also reveals the presence of filaments in the cytoplasm of some pericytes resembling the myofilaments of smooth muscle cells. It suggests the possibility that some pericytes are capable of contraction and may participate in regulating blood flow in small vessels. Microglia cells bear no resemblance to pericytes in terms of their shape, distribution or staining characteristics. Microglia cells are located outside the vascular basement membrane (external basal lamina) in the brain parenchyma, and they vary in form according to their location and the character of the surrounding extracellular space. This study does not support the hypothesis that microglia cells arise from pericytes but indicates that they originate either by in situ division or from hematogenous elements that enter the brain by crossing the vessel wall.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220217
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  • 81
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    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of microtubules in prolactin cells of lactating rats (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 159 (1975), S. 205-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Microtubules ; Prolactin cells ; Anterior pituitary gland ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The intracellular distribution of microtubules was studied using serial sections of prolactin cells in anterior pituitary glands from lactating rats. Numerous microtubules were present in these cells following fixation with glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide. The greatest number of microtubules were present in the Golgi complex, situated around the perimeter and in association with the cisternae, vesicles and developing secretory granules. Microtubules were found in channels between groups of parallel cisternae of rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and in close proximity to small vesicles. They were also located adjacent to mitochondria, the plasmalemma, the nuclear envelope, and among mature secretory granules. Due to their orientation within the cell, it is suggested that the microtubules may act to direct the movement of organelles from one region of the cell to another and to give internal support to the cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219156
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  • 82
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    Electronic Resource
    Intracisternal polycylinders: A cytoplasmic structure in cells of the terrestrial slug Arion empiricorum férussac (Pulmonata, Stylommatophora) (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 159 (1975), S. 423-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Intracisternal polycylinders ; Endoplasmic reticulum ; Arion empiricorum ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Study of the digestive organs of the slug Arion empiricorum with the electron microscope has revealed cytoplasmic structures that we call intracisternal polycylinders (ICPC). They consist of cylinders of cytoplasm (about 550 Å in diameter) arranged in sheafs within cisterns of the endoplasmic reticulum. They appear in different cell types, being most common in the digestive epithelium of the midgut. Their morphology and apparent association with other cytoplasmic organelles such as mitochondria, peroxisomes, multivesicular and residual bodies suggests that the ICPC might be involved in exchange, transport and oxidation processes, contributing to the excretory function at a subcellular level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221788
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  • 83
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    Ultrastructure of nematocytes and one-celled tentacles of the freshwater coelenterate, Calpasoma dactyloptera (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 159 (1975), S. 445-457 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Tentacles ; Coelenterata ; Cytology ; Microtubules, Cilia ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Calpasoma dactyloptera, a tentacled form of minute, freshwater coelenterate, has been investigated by light and electron microscopy and time-lapse cinematography. Each tentacle consists of a protrusion from a single ectodermal epithelial cell termed a tentaculocyte. hin tentaculocyte vesicles which represent invaginations of the plasma membrane. A cnidocil protrudes into the external medium. The bottom of each nematocyte is elongated as a stalk which extends to the tentacle base, coursing through tubular membrane lined channels within the tentaculocyte. A network of fibers and microtubules, originating in the cnidocil, extends to the base of the nematocyte stalk.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221702
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  • 84
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    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopy of the arcuate nucleus of normal and 5-hydroxydopamine treated cats (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 160 (1975), S. 139-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Arcuate nucleus, cat ; Dense-cored vesicles ; Dopamine ; 5-Hydroxydopamine treatment ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The arcuate nucleus of normal cats and of cats treated with 5-hydroxydopamine (5-OHDA) was investigated by electron microscopy. The neurons of the arcuate nucleus were classified into three types, clear, intermediate and dark, according to their fine structure. The clear type contained numerous dense-cored vesicles and well developed cell organelles. All three types were frequently seen to be partially surrounded by glial processes. Many axo-somatic and axo-dendritic synapses mostly small in diameter were also observed around the neurons. Synaptic contacts were demonstrated between axon endings and axonal processes which contained elementary granules. After administration of 5-OHDA small and large dense-cored vesicles appeared in the nerve endings surrounding the neurons. The relationship between the dense-cored vesicles in the perikarya and dopamine was briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220574
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  • 85
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    Electronic Resource
    The glomeruli of the human and the rat kidney studied by freeze-fracturing (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 160 (1975), S. 177-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Glomerulus ; Human and rat kidney ; Cell junctions ; Filtration barrier ; Electron microscopy ; Freeze-fracturing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Glomeruli isolated from rat and human kidneys were studied using the freeze fracture technique. Discontinuous zonulae occludentes and gap junctions were found in the replicas of the split plasma membrane of the endothelial cells. A diaphragm across the endothelial pores was not demonstrated. The central layer of the basement membrane, corresponding to the lamina densa described in thin sections, revealed a coarse substructure. A slit membrane between the pedicles of the podocytes was not detectable; however, its position was indicated by the different texture of the replica, which abruptly changed at the transition of the basement membrane to the primary urinary space. Furthermore, at the level of the slit membrane arrays of particles were present within the cleaved membrane of the pedicles, probably representing the attachment points of the slit membrane. Isolated strands of a zonula occludens as well as gap junctions were seen on the split plasma membrane of the podocytes. The mesangial cells could be identified by their contiguity to the endothelial cells and by their numerous gap junctions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220576
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  • 86
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    Ultrastructure of the prothoracic gland cells of the last instar of Galleria mellonella in relation to the state of development (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 160 (1975), S. 389-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Prothoracic gland cells ; Insect hormones ; Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera) ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The prothoracic glands of the last instar of Galleria mellonella undergo characteristic alterations of their cellular fine structure closely related to cellular activity. During progressive secretory activity of the gland cells there are extensive plasmalemmal infoldings and formation of a pronounced lacunar system. Mitochondria of the active cell phase are characterized by a specific increase in size and paler colour of the matrix. In contrast to the alterations, nuclei, ER and Golgi cisterns do not undergo any submicroscopic changes during the different phases of cellular activity. The relationships between the substructural phenomena and the specific phases of cellular activity are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222047
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  • 87
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    Electronic Resource
    The effect of tetrabenazine on the accumulation of noradrenaline in constricted postganglionic sympathetic nerves in vitro (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 160 (1975), S. 495-504 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Tetrabenazine ; Noradrenaline ; Constricted nerves ; Noradrenaline depletion in vitro ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The accumulation of noradrenaline proximal to a constriction applied to cat hypogastric nerves in vitro has been studied in preparations treated with tetrabenazine. The accumulation of amine was almost completely abolished by the drug. Evidence is presented which suggests that tetrabenazine exerts a direct noradrenaline-depleting effect on the intraneuronal storage vesicles. Recovery of noradrenaline levels after the removal of the drug was rapid and was effected by the biosynthesis of new noradrenaline within the axon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225766
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  • 88
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the neurohemal hypothalamic floor of the frog, Rana catesbeiana (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 161 (1975), S. 11-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Median eminence ; Hypothalamo-hypophysial system ; Frog, Rana catesbeiana ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of the hypothalamic floor was studied in the frog, Rana catesbeiana. The regions slightly anterior and posterior to the swollen hypothalamic floor part, which has been classically designated as the median eminence, contained neurosecretory axon terminals abutting on the capillary walls. The region relatively far anterior to the swollen part did not show neurosecretory axons terminating on capillary walls. The neural stalk contiguous to the rostral border of the pars intermedia had few neurosecretory axon terminals which end on the terminal portions of the ependymal processes covering the capillary wall. The functional significance of the regional differentiation of the frog neurohypophysis is discussed in connection with the regional differentiation of various secretory cells in the adenohypophysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222110
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  • 89
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of developing germ cells in the fetal human testis (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 161 (1975), S. 55-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Human fetal testis ; Gonocytes ; Fetal spermatogonia ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electron microscopic studies of the testis were performed on 12 human embryos and fetuses between 9 and 30 weeks post conceptionem. According to their ultrastructural features, the fetal germ cells could be divided into the following three stages of differentiation: 1) gonocytes, 2) intermediate cells, and 3) fetal spermatogonia. Sertoli cells were present among the germ cells in all the testes studied. The gonocytes showed the highest nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio. Their round nucleus contained a centrally located, prominent nucleolus. The cytoplasm displayed a well developed Golgi apparatus, lipid droplets and parallel arrays of short cisternae of the rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum (rER). Microfilaments were numerous, particularly just beneath the cell membrane. The intermediate cells were found to extend several cytoplasmic processes and to contain a moderate number of long, branched and/or widened rER cisternae which were frequently connected to the perinuclear cisterna. Intermediate cells were often connected to one another by intercellular cytoplasmic bridges. The fetal spermatogonia also displayed cytoplasmic bridges. These cells showed the lowest nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio and a more condensed nuclear chromatin. The mitochondria were situated close to the nucleus. Many of them were connected by a cementing substance. Lipid droplets and rER cisternae were rare in these cells. Infoldings of the inner nuclear membrane were often present in the gonocytes and in the intermediate cells, but were rarely observed in the fetal spermatogonia. Glycogen particles, polyribosomes, and chromatoid bodies (“nuage”) were present in all the three germ cell types. With the maturation of the fetus, the number of gonocytes was found to decrease, whereas the number of fetal spermatogonia increased. The Sertoli cells also changed their ultrastructure, showing an increase in the number of rER cisternae, as well as of microfilaments, lipid droplets, and secondary lysosomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222114
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  • 90
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    Electronic Resource
    Extra-adrenal chromaffin cells grown in tissue culture (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 161 (1975), S. 103-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Tissue culture ; Chromaffin cells ; Frog ; Classification ; Phase contrast microscopy ; Fluorescence microscopy ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Extra-adrenal chromaffin cells from adult frogs were grown in tissue culture and their morphology and behaviour observed with both light and electron microscopy. 2. Two types of chromaffin cells were distinguished: Type A cells contain large, electron dense vesicles (2000–6000 Å) and are equated to Type I chromaffin cells seen in vivo, i.e. they contain noradrenaline; Type B cells contain smaller vesicles (700–2000 Å) which are incompletely filled with an electron dense material and are equated to Type III chromaffin cells seen in vivo, i.e. cells depleted of their catecholamines by stimulation. No cells comparable to Types II and IV cells in vivo were seen. 3. Close associations between the cultured chromaffin cells and sympathetic neurons were observed with the light microscope, but no examples of synaptic structures were seen in the material examined with electron microscopy in this study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222117
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  • 91
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    Electronic Resource
    Comparative ultrastructure of ureteric innervation (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 160 (1975), S. 515-524 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ureteric innervation ; Mammals ; Interspecies differences ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution and structure of the ureteric nerves in a small series of mammals was compared with that previously demonstrated in the rat. There was marked interspecies variation in the extent to which the nerves penetrated the wall of the ureter and in the degree of development of the deep submucous plexus. In animals with a highly developed deep submucous plexus, terminal arterioles frequently passed through the muscle coat before breaking up into capillaries. These vessels were surrounded by a fine periarteriolar plexus and were accompanied in their course through the muscle coat by one or more branches of the adventitial nerves. Intramuscular nerves not related to arterioles contained few axons with terminals classifiable as either adrenergic or cholinergic, and in animals in which the muscle cells were arranged in fascicles rather than in sheets, the nerves were typically interfascicular in position. As in the rat, only the periarteriolar plexuses contained large numbers of adrenergic axons. Cholinergic axons were generally few, but were not uncommon in the deep submucous plexus when this was well-developed. The majority of the terminals encountered in the intramural nerves contained variable and usually small numbers of both clear and large dense-cored vesicles. The relationship between these terminals and those defined in the submucous nerves of the rat ureter was discussed and it was suggested that the marked variations in the diameter of the axons in the terminal areas and in the number of vesicles in the terminals were related to the effects of the mechanical and other derangements which occur during processing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225768
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  • 92
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    Electronic Resource
    Retinal capillary junctions: Ultrastructural tight junction artefacts induced by sodium ions and membrane reduction in streptozotocin diabetes (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 161 (1975), S. 393-411 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Capillary endothelium ; (Retina) ; Tight junction artefact ; Sodium ions ; Streptozotocin ; Diabetes ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Retinal capillary junctions were analysed in normal and diabetic rats and in a human retina with the electron microscope. Diabetes mellitus was induced with Streptozotocin. The retinae were fixed in Palade's osmium tetroxide containing sodium or calcium ions and block-stained in uranyl acetate. With Ca-fixation, no significant difference in interendothelial cleft width was detected between retinal layers or between normal and diabetic retinae. Diabetes caused a narrowing of the clefts in the Na-fixed tissue (X±SE, n=375; Normal: 78.6±3.00 Å; Diabetic: 57.7 ±2.42 Å; p≪0.001). A significant correlation was found between cleft width and the length of the tight junctions or zonulae occludentes (p〈0.001). In the nerve fibre layer of the Nadiabetio retina, where cleft narrowing was greatest, there was an increase in length of the zonulae occludentes from 22.8±2.2% to 41.6±3.7% (p〈0.001). Ca-fixation prevented these changes, indicating that at least some zonulae occludentes were interendothelial extraction artefacts. In the normal retina, endothelial cell membrane thickness was greater with Ca-than Na-fixation (p〈0.001). Diabetes caused a decrease in membrane thickness of Ca-fixed tissue (p〈0.001). The diabetic decrease in membrane thickness may explain the increased fragility and increased permeability of diabetic capillaries. Calcium binding by endothelial cell membranes is of primary importance in anticoagulation which is defective in diabetes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220007
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  • 93
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    Electronic Resource
    The sensory cilium of retinal rods is analogous to the transitional zone of motile cilia (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 161 (1975), S. 421-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Sensory cilia ; Retinal rods (rat) ; Comparison with kinocilia ; Freeze fracture ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The connecting cilium of rat retinal rods was studied by freeze-fracture and thin-sectioning techniques. Transverse strands of intramembranous particles could be observed on fracture face B of the ciliary plasma membrane. The strands were essentially similar to those found at the transitional zone of motile cilia (“ciliary necklace”). The large number of intramembranous particles obscured the pattern on fracture face A of the membrane. On longitudinal sections of the cilia, beads showing a periodicity similar to the necklace strands were observed. Each bead consisted of two structures apposed to both sides of the plasma membrane. Transverse sections of the cilia revealed radial Y-shaped structures that connected each ciliary doublet with the plasma membrane. Axial tubules, central sheath, radial spokes and dynein arms were missing in the connecting cilium. Comparing the fine structure of the retinal cilia with that of motile cilia it becomes evident that the connecting cilium is analogous in structure with the transitional zone of motile cilia. The present observations suggest that periodic membrane beads along the plasma membrane on thin sections correspond to strands of necklace particles as observed on freeze-fractured membranes. The arrangement of the particles in transverse strands is probably ensured by the radial connecting structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220009
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  • 94
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    Electronic Resource
    Lymphoid cells in chicken intestinal epithelium (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 161 (1975), S. 485-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Intestinal epithelium ; Mucosal immunity ; Chicken ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The intraepithelial lymphoid cells of chicken small intestine were studied by light microscopy using 1 μ Epon sections, and by electron microscopy. Three cell types were found: small lymphocytes, large lymphoid cells, and granular cells. These cells correspond to the theliolymphocytes and globule leucocytes of previous authors. The numbers of all cell types increased with age. Correlation was found between the number of small lymphocytes and large lymphoid cells, but not between granular cells and either of the other two. A hypothesis is proposed, assigning these cells with a function in mucosal immunity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224139
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  • 95
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    Histological and ultrastructural studies of the basal disk of Hydra (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 162 (1975), S. 107-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Basal disk ; Gastrodermis ; Mesoglea ; Hydra ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The gastrodermis and mesoglea of the basal disk of Hydra were investigated to conclude a three-part series of papers. The gastrodermis is composed of digestive cells (most predominant cell type), mucous and nerve cells (both immature and fully differentiated). The principal function of the digestive cells appears to be storage of protein, lipid and glycogen reserves which are utilized by neighboring cells. Mucous cells apparently use some of the reserves to synthesize their secretions which lubricate cells and prevent cell damage during egestion of waste through the aboral pore. The function of the gastrodermal nerve cells is uncertain. The mesoglea of the basal disk, contains the same structural components as seen in other regions of the polyp. It is reasonable to assume that it maintains the same function of cell adhesion and migration. As the mesoglea converges on the aboral pore, it loses its structural integrity and cells are sloughed off the column.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223266
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pancreatic islet cytology of ictaluridae (Teleostei) (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 162 (1975), S. 357-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Catfish ; Endocrine pancreas ; Cell types ; Innervation ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The endocrine pancreas of the bullhead catfish, Ictalurus nebulosus, and the channel catfish, I. punctatas was studied by light and electron microscopy. In addition to the usual A, B and D cells, a fourth endocrine cell type was consistently observed in the electron microscope. All endocrine cell types were innervated. The vesicles of most of the nerve endings were ultrastructurally different from typical adrenergic and cholinergic vesicles, strongly suggesting the possibility of a third autonomic neurotransmitter serving as a regulator of catfish islet secretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220182
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structure of the subradular Organ of Lepidochitona cinereus (L), (Mollusca, Polyplacophora) (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 162 (1975), S. 411-417 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Subradular organ ; Lepidochitona cinereus ; Cell types ; Chemoreception ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electron microscopy of the subradular organ of the chiton Lepidochitona cinereus (L) reveals at least three cell types, microvillous, ciliated and mucus-secreting, situated in a single epithelium. The base of the epithelium is abundantly innervated and supplied with muscle cells. The fine structure is consistent with a chemosensory function for the subradular organ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220187
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations on the fine structure, enzyme histochemistry, and innervation of parathyroid gland and ultimobranchial body of Chthonerpeton indistinctum (Gymnophiona, Amphibia) (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 164 (1975), S. 105-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ultimobranchial body ; Parathyroid gland ; Amphibia ; Gymnophiona ; Innervation ; Electron microscopy ; Histochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fine structural and enzyme histochemical observations on ultimobranchial body and parathyroid gland of the caecilian Chthonerpeton are presented. The cell clusters and follicles of the ultimobranchial body consist mainly of granulated cells which are termed C-cells and obviously belong to the APUD cell series. In the larger follicles additional possibly exhausted degranulated cells and replacement cells occur. A rich supply of nerve fibres has been found in this gland. Frequently nerve terminals were observed to come into synaptic contact with the C-cells. Two categories of nerve fibres occur: a) fibres containing large polymorphic electron dense granules (probably purinergic fibres), b) fibres containing small electron transparent vesicles and a few electron dense granules (probably cholinergic fibres). The parathyroid gland consists of elongated cells (one cell type) poor in organelles and often containing fields of glycogen and lipid droplets. The cells are further characterized by fair amounts of lysosomal enzymes; they are interconnected by maculae adhaerentes and occludentes. No nerves and blood vessels have been found in the parathyroid gland of Chthonerpeton.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221698
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative ultrastructure of the nerves innervating the muscle of the body of the bladder (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 164 (1975), S. 133-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Bladder body ; Mammals ; Musculature ; Innervation ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution and structure of the nerves supplying the muscle of the body of the bladder in mammals such as the mouse, guinea-pig, rabbit, cat and dog was compared with that previously demonstrated in the rat. The muscle of the arterioles located between the muscle bundles is innervated by a fine perivascular plexus and the nerves forming the muscular plexus can be divided into inter-and intra-fascicular components. Terminals containing variable but usually small numbers of clear and large dense-cored vesicles are particularly numerous in the interfascicular nerves and the intrafascicular nerves are characterised by large numbers of terminals with the features of those of cholinergic axons. In addition to many small clear vesicles, the cholinergic terminals contained some small dense-cored vesicles, and it is suggested that, as in the rat, these contain a second transmitter which is released with acetylcholine at the terminals during impulse transmission. Adrenergic terminals are more common in the muscular plexuses of the guinea-pig, dog and cat than in those of the other animals studied and there is evidence for the presence of two types of such terminal in the nerves. Of these, one contains a much smaller proportion of small vesicles with dense cores and many more large dense-cored vesicles than the second, and the possibility of a relationship between such terminals and those of short adrenergic neurones and neurones associated with non-adrenergic patterns of impulse transmission is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221700
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The fine structure of the kidney of the hagfish (Myxine glutinosa L.) (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 164 (1975), S. 201-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Kidney ; Myxine glutinosa ; Cell junctions ; Electron microscopy ; Freeze-fracturing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of the kidney (glomerulus and archinephric duct) of the hagfish, Myxine glutinosa (L.) was studied in thin sections and by freeze-fracture technique. The glomerular filtration barrier is similar to that of mammalian kidneys. However, endothelial fenestrations are relatively scanty and the basement membranes of endothelial cells and podocytes always appear separated by a layer of collagen fibrils and microfibrils often surrounding numerous and extended mesangial cells. Between podocytes and their processes maculae occludentes and peculiar junctions of another type occur. The zonulae occludentes between epithelial cells of the archinephric duct are composed of five or more strands, occasionally of only one or two. Supported in part by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB 146, STO B4) and NIH (ISOI-RR 05764).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218974
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