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  • 1990-1994
  • 1985-1989
  • 1980-1984  (60)
  • 1970-1974  (135)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 260 (1982), S. 564-569 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Schlagwort(e): lin. Polyethylene ; Single crystals ; Heat of Fusion ; DSC ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract Recently published results for solution crystallized PE single crystals have shown, that the experimental heat of fusionΔH * is higher, if the solvent is exchanged to silicon oil (oil suspension samples) as compared with dried mats. This has been interpreted by the collapse of the original hollow pyramids during drying, inducing lateral defects within the lamellae. The present investigation does not confirm this unexpected result.ΔH * of dried mats (T c 66 to 91 °C) and of the corresponding oil suspension samples agree within the rather small limits of experimental error. The crystallinities as derived fromΔH *, density or WAXS are in excellent agreement. SEM micrographs of cold fractured dried mats show their spongy macromorphology, but TEM micrographs of stained ultra-thin sections reveal the lamellar morphology of the walls, consisting of curved lamellae and stacked hollow pyramides. If a dried mat is sintered at room temperature, a dense transparent film is obtained with a rather regular stacked morphology of large flat lamellae.ΔH * of these films agrees with that of the original mat.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 236 (1982), S. 41-51 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Schlagwort(e): Prominentia spiralis cochleae ; Meerrettichperoxidase ; Elektronenmikroskopie ; Inner ear spiral prominence ; Horseradish peroxidase ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary Transport of macromolecules in the spiral prominence of the guinea pig was studied after perilymphatic and intravenous horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injection. HRP was taken up by the spiral prominence epithelium from the perilymphatic space and in a much higher degree from the endolymphatic space. A highly endocytic ativity was shown by the stroma cells surrounding the spiral prominence vessel. HRP particles were stored in the cytoplasm within vesicles and vacuoles of different sizes and different contrasts. The mode of tracer storage in the spiral prominence epithelium and in the stroma cells from the morphological point of view suggests lysosomal digestion. HRP was transported from the perilymphatic space into the spiral prominence vessel lumen by means of vesicular transport through the vessel wall, while transport of the tracer from the vessel lumen into the perilymphatic space after intravenous injection was not observed.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Nach perilymphatischer und intravenöser Applikation von Meerrettichperoxidase wurde der Transport des Makromoleküls in der Prominentia spiralis des Meerschweinchens verfolgt. Die Tracer-Partikelchen wurden aus dem perilymphatischen Raum und vornehmlich jedoch aus dem Ductus cochlearis in das Oberflächenepithel der Prominentia spiralis aufgenommen. Die das Vas prominens umgebenden Stromazellen nahmen relativ viel Meerrettichperoxidase auf, die im Zytoplasma in unterschiedlich großen und unterschiedlich kontrastreichen Vesikeln und Vakuolen abgelagert wurde. Die Art der zytoplasmatischen Ablagerung des Tracers in den Epithelzellen und den Stromazellen spricht vom morphologischen Aspekt her für einen lysosomalen Abbau. Meerrettichperoxidase wurde von der Perilymphe in das Lumen des Vas prominens transportiert. Dieser Transport erfolgte vesikulär durch das Gefäßendothel. Ein Transport des Tracers in umgekehrter Richtung wurde nach intravenöser Applikation nicht beobachtet.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 236 (1982), S. 67-79 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Schlagwort(e): Menière's disease ; Vestibular nerve ; Vestibular ganglion ; Pathologic alterations ; Electron microscopy ; Morbus Menière ; Nervus vestibularis ; Ganglion vestibuli ; Pathologische Veränderungen ; Elektronenmikroskopie
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Vestibularisganglien von 17 Patienten mit einem Morbus Menière wurden nach transtemporaler oder translabyrinthärer Neurektomie elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Als Vergleichsmaterial dienten drei Ganglien, die bei anderer Indikation entnommen wurden und vier postmortale Entnahmen von Ohrgesunden. Bei allen Menière-Präparaten zeigten sich am Bindegewebe gleichartige pathologische Veränderungen von unterschiedlich starkem Ausmaß. Sie bestanden in einer Zunahme des Kollagens, wobei sowohl unterschiedliche Kaliber des Faserquerschnittes als auch Veränderungen der Periodizität der Querstreifung beobachtet wurden. Aktive Fibroblasten und reaktive Schwannsche Zellen, die isoliert lagen, keinem Axon zugeordnet waren und deren z. T. hirschgeweihförmig verzweigte, dünne Zellausläufer Kollagenbündel umhüllten, wurden als Zeichen einer noch ablaufenden Kollagenbildung gedeutet. Die Blutgefäße wiesen häufig eine Vervielfachung der Basalmembran auf, die von einem mehrfach breiteren Saum einer homogenen Matrix umgeben war. Die Perizyten waren oft entweder nekrotisch oder teilweise nicht mehr zu beobachten. Die Endothelzellen wiesen in der Regel kein aktives Zytoplasma auf. Sie erschienen teilweise autolytisch. Die pinozytotische Aktivität erwies sich als auffallend verringert. Diese qualitativen Veränderungen im interstitiellen Gewebe könnten auf ein primär lokales pathologisches Geschehen im Bereich des Nerven und des Ganglions hinweisen.
    Notizen: Summary Vestibular ganglia of 17 patients with Menière's disease, obtained by transtemporal or translabyrinthine neurectomy, were studied by electron microscopy. Three ganglia removed because of other disease and four ganglia of normal ears taken post mortem served as controls. The neuronal fibrous tissue of Menière cases showed without exception pathologic changes of various extent. The amount of collagen was increased, whereby different fiber diameters were observed as well as changes in the periodicity of cross banding. Signs of continuing collagen formation were found: active fibroblasts and an increased number of isolated Schwann cells without axons, showing deerhorn-like ramifications which enveloped collagen bundles. The blood vessels were frequently surrounded by multiple basal membranes and broad bands of homogenous matrix. The pericytes were either necrotic or nonexistent. The endothelial cell cytoplasma was usually not in an active state. Sometimes it seemed to be autolytic. The pinocytotic activity was strikingly diminished. These qualitative changes of the interstitial tissue might point to a local pathologic event in the region of the vestibular nerve and ganglion.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 399 (1982), S. 61-78 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Chordoid sarcoma ; Chondrosarcoma ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Evaluation of a series of 12 chordoid sarcomas suggests that there is a wider range of histological features in this entity then previously appreciated. Six of the lesions had a typical tumor cell organization and a mixture of cellular and myxoid stromal components, while the remaining cases were atypical because of a more solid growth pattern. Four of the 12 cases, that included both typically myxoid and more cellular examples, had small foci with hyalinized stroma segragating individual or small groups of tumor cells with and without lacunar spaces. Two atypical cases revealed more extensive and obvious chondrocytic differentiation in recurrent or metastatic lesions and in one of these, the histological pattern was that of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. Ultrastructural examination of three cases revealed fine structural features of both the tumor cell population and extracellular matrix compatible with chondrocytic differentiation. Results of light and electron microscopy of this series of chordoid sarcoma add further support for categorizing this tumor with other malignant chondrocytic neoplasms. It is probable that chordoid sarcoma and extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma represent the same entity and that this lesion has a close histogenetic relationship to mesenchymal chondrosarcoma.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 395 (1982), S. 59-68 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Adenohypophysis ; Electron microscopy ; Growth hormone ; Immunocytology ; Pituitary adenoma ; Thyroid-stimulating hormone
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A pituitary adenoma removed by surgery from a 22-year-old man was studied by histology, immunocytology, transmission electron microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy. Clinically, the patient had acromegaly and euthyroidism with elevated blood GH concentrations. Blood TSH and T4 levels were within the normal range. Histologically, the adenoma was chromophobic and exhibited no PAS, lead hematoxylin, aldehyde thionin or Grimelius silver positivity. By the immunoperoxidase technique GH, β-TSH and α-subunit but no PRL, ACTH, α-endorphin, β-FSH or β-LH were demonstrated in the adenoma cells. Electron microscopy revealed adenoma cells which were similar to TSH cells and showed no resemblance to GH cells of nontumorous pituitaries or GH-secreting tumors. Immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated GH and β-TSH in the secretory granules. It is concluded that pituitary adenomas composed of TSH-like cells may secrete GH, resulting in acromegaly. Production of GH by adenomatous TSH cells cannot be explained on the basis of the one cell- one hormone theory. The question is raised whether bihormonal or multihormonal clones, capable of synthesizing more than one hormone, exist in the human pituitary. These cells are apparently dormant under normal conditions, but in the course of neoplastic transformation may undergo functional dedifferentiation and acquire the ability to produce two or more different hormones.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 395 (1982), S. 133-144 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Endothelium ; Permeability ; Electron microscopy ; Electrolytes ; Silver
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The significance of endothelial “silver lines” was studied by TEM in rat aortas after perfusion with glutaraldehyde followed by silver nitrate. Standard TEM technique proved unsatisfactory (coarse silver granules, imprecise localization, artefacts). Exposure of the silver-treated aortas to photographic fixer markedly improved the image of the deposits leaving fine, stable, uniform “residual granules” about 100 Å in diameter. Most of these granules were localized along the intercellular junctions; they also tended to pool in the basement membrane beneath each junction. This image suggests that the Ag+ ions pass through the junction, and react with its contents as well as with the basement membrane beyond it. A scheme is proposed to explain the reaction of Ag+ ions with anions and negatively charged radicals within the junction. It is concluded that the “silver lines” represent not only a histochemical effect, but also the visualization of a transendothelial electrolyte pathway.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 395 (1982), S. 181-199 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Lung disease ; Electron microscopy ; Interstitial pneumonia ; Fibrosis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary This report describes the ultrastructural findings in 37 patients who underwent open lung biopsy which yielded diagnoses of fibrosing alveolitis. A spectrum of lesions are categorized for the capillary endothelium and its basement membrane, the interstitial space and its fibrocellular components, and the alveolar epithelium and its basement membrane. The findings typify the different pulmonary cellular reactions to injury. Evidence for cellular regeneration and death in both epithelial and endothelial cell populations include atypical epithelial cell proliferation, capillary basement membrane multilamination, decrease in capillary lumen size and prominent pericytic ensheathment of pulmonary capillaries. Within the interstitium of the lung, proliferation of collagen and elastic fibers are documented, but in addition, abundant myofibroblasts and smooth muscle cells are present. No ultrastructural evidence of immune complex deposition was found in this study. The morphologic findings of fibrosing alveolitis further support the widespread concept that the lung responds to various injuries in a similar manner and undergoes a common reparative response regardless of etiology.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 396 (1982), S. 91-102 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Primary gallblader sarcoma ; Electron microscopy ; Histopathology
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Six Swedish cases of primary sarcoma of the gallbladder from the period 1958–1973 and 1 case from 1975 were studied by light and electron microscopy. The literature was reviewed for the period after 1970. Ultrastructural features of sarcoma were investigated in order to exclude poorly differentiated carcinoma. One case was considered to be an embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, three cases leiomyosarcoma and two were diagnosed as fibrosarcoma. One case, diagnosed as sarcoma of the gallbladder by light microscopy, was omitted because electron microscopical examination revealed a squamous cell carcinoma.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 396 (1982), S. 73-89 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Human malignant cells ; K-562 cell line ; Vascular arrest ; Endothelial attrition ; Extravasation ; Nude and lasat mice ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The morphological aspects of the arrest and extravasation of malignant cells of human origin (K-562 cell line) in the lungs of athymic (nude) and asplenic-athymic (lasat) mice were studied by electron microscopy examination of serial sections. The specimens were obtained at sequential stages after the sc inoculation into newborn mice of 107 malignant cells. K-562 cells (105) were also injected iv into control groups of nude and lasat mice to assess the influence of the route of inoculation on the in vivo behavior of K-562 cells. Our results demonstrated that K-562 cells were arrested and proliferated within the pulmonary capillaries without the participation of platelets or fibrin. The neoplastic cells extravasated by attrition and penetration of the endothelium (rather than by diapedesis) and continued to proliferate in the interstitial tissue of the lung, developing into neoplastic nodules. Following iv injection, K-562 cells induced the formation of platelet-tumor cell aggregates within the pulmonary capillaries. However, under these conditions, the neoplastic cells did not adhere to the endothelium nor did they proliferate or extravasate. These aggregates were flushed out by the circulation, restoring the permeability of the capillaries.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 396 (1982), S. 291-301 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Electron microscopy ; Bladder neoplasms ; Measurement
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Bladder tissues from 3 groups of patients were examined, using the light and electron microscopes (LM and TEM). One group of patients had a history of well-differentiated papillary transitional cell carcinomas and specimens were taken from cystoscopically normal areas. In a second group frank papillary carcinoma was biopsied. Finally, patients with no history of urothelial tumours and a normal cystoscopic appearance were biopsied during investigations for various benign conditions and these served as controls. In tissues from the first two groups certain differences were seen when these were compared to the controls and the frequency of these was significant. Light microscopic examination of 0.5 μ toluidine blue stained sections revealed an increased number of immature, small dark cells in the superficial layer of the epithelium (P〈0.001). Electron microscopic examination showed that in place of the characteristic asymmetric unit membrane of mature superficial cells, the surface was frequently covered with microvilli and the junctional complexes were often atypical. There was an increased number of abnormalities in the basal lamina (P〈0.001). These features were seen in the absence of cystoscopic and light microscopic changes in three out of eight patients with a history of tumours. It is, therefore, suggested that these are the earliest detectable morphological abnormalities in the pre-neoplastic urothelium.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 397 (1982), S. 17-27 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Ovarian tumor ; Hilus cell tumor ; Leydig cell tumor ; Virilism ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A case of virilizing ovarian hilus cell tumor (Leydig-cell tumor) in a 37 year old female was studied by light and electron microscopy. The ultrastructural features of this rare and almost allways benign tumor are compared with those reported in the literature and with findings in normal and neoplastic interstitial cells of the testis. Tubulovesicular hyperplasia and formation of whorl structures of the endoplasmatic reticulum together with the presence of exocytosis vesicles on the cell surface may be the morphological manifestation of endocrine activity of the tumor. The identity of ultrastructural and optical diffraction characteristics of the crystal inclusions in both cells (hilar and testicular interstitial) favours the assumption of an homology of both cells and their neoplasms.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 397 (1982), S. 93-101 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Biphasic synovial sarcoma ; Semitendinosus bursa ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In previous studies, the origin of synovial sarcoma directly from synovium has not been satisfactorily established. This case report describes the light and electron microscopic features of a biphasic synovial sarcoma occurring within the popliteal fossa. At surgery, a cystic mass was identified in relationship to the semitendinosus tendon at the anatomical site of the semitendinosus bursa. The tumour originated from the inner surface of the bursa as multiple papillary projections with no evidence of extension beyond the capsule of the bursa. Portions of the synovial surface were hyperplastic but otherwise normal. The findings indicate that biphasic synovial sarcoma can arise directly from synovium and support the hypothesis of a mesenchymal histogenesis for this tumour.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 397 (1982), S. 335-345 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Bladder neoplasm ; Mesonephric origin ; Urethral diverticulum ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A case of a rare tumor arising in a diverticulum of the urethra was studied. Light microscopy revealed the typical structures of mesonephric tumor with obvious infiltration of the muscularis. Electron microscopic appearance indicated that the tumor cells were immature and not totally characteristic of any tissue of origin. Apart from appearances suggesting rapid growth, cellular inclusions of various appearance were found.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Schlagwort(e): Human ; Bladder urothelium ; Electron microscopy ; Hyperthermia
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary An electron microscopic study of normal bladder urothelium of elderly subjects treated by hyperthermic perfusions has shown that the tissue responds, sooner or later, in every instance by desquamation. There is no evidence of cell death prior to desquamation although various organelles undergo structural alterations. Mitochondria are especially prone to suffer varying degrees of damage. A short heat shock has revealed differences in the initial response of the thick and thin regions of bladder urothelium known to occur in elderly subjects. After a long, fractionated treatment, regeneration is evident within 3 daysof the end of treatment, and follow-up biopsies have revealed a hyperplastic urothelium within 10 to 12 weeks. The constituent cells show signs of cytodifferentiation at this time but it remains unknown when an ultrastructurally normal urothelium with characteristic cell layers will be restored. The various treatments in this study suggest that the stem cells in the epithelium are unaffected by the levels of hyperthermia employed and that their unimpaired proliferative capacity ensures regeneration of the urothelium.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 56 (1982), S. 201-206 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Muscle end-plates ; Porphyric neuropathy ; Electron microscopy ; Morphometry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Motor end-plates were studied in mice at various intervals after a single injection of a synthetic porphyrin, tetraphenylporphinesulfonate (TPPS). Ultrastructurally, excess accumulation of neurofilaments constituted the earliest abnormality. These were followed by atrophy of many nerve terminals and their separation from the postsynaptic area by interposed separation from the postsynaptic area by interposed Schwann cells. Five to 8 months after the injection some postsynaptic areas showed denervation and atrophy. These progressive changes in the nerve terminals were accompanied by secondary changes in the subneural apparatus. Morphometric analysis revealed marked atrophy of the end-plates and significant swelling of preterminal axons. The present findings are suggestive of partial denervation of muscle, occurring after the injection of a synthetic porphyrin.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 16
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Cytochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Polyglucosan bodies
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A cytochemical procedure for polysaccharides was carried out on a brain biopsy specimen, the thin-section study of which had shown excess glucogen granules and the corpora amylacea variety of polyglucosan bodies. Both granules and amyloid bodies were stained positively in contrast to the remaining structures of the brain tissue which remained unstained. This demonstrates that β-granules as well as filamentous and amorphous components of amyloid bodies are just different aspects of the polysaccharide molecule. Up to now the same kind of cytochemical evidence has been supplied for Lafora bodies of human material and Lafora-like bodies of rat material. The present study on corpora amylacea of human material shows that amyloid. Lafora, and Lafora-like bodies all behave the same way when stained for polysaccharides.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 56 (1982), S. 146-150 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Alzheimer's disease ; Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease ; Spongiform changes ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructural study of the cortex of four patients with sporadic or familial AD, of two agematched controls without dementia, and of one normal pressure hydrocephalus, revealed in all the cases in the neuropil only occasional vacuoles which had a morphology similar to those observed in CJD. The degree of spongiform-like changes was, however, far less prominent than in CJD and considered mild in all the cases examined. Moreover, curled fragments of membranes within the vacuoles were not observed. It is suggested that the mild vacuolization of the neuropil occasionally observed in cortical biopsies of AD is a non-specific finding and cannot be considered a neuropathologic link between AD and CJD.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 56 (1982), S. 151-156 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Central neuronal tumor ; Third ventricle tumor ; Synapses ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The authors report two cases of a rare tumor in adults which were inserted on the fornix and caused a frontal syndrome. By light microscopy, the tumors, highly calcified, were composed of small clear cells forming dense areas in a patchy fibrillary stroma. Electron microscopy revealed a striking neuronal differentiation with numerous synapses. These tumors, for which the term neurocytomas was proposed, were compared with the other CNS neuronal tumors described in the literature.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 57 (1982), S. 7-12 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy ; Electron microscopy ; Pectoral and psoas muscles ; Myofibrillar degeneration ; A band fragmentation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The pectoral and psoas muscles from a 72-year-old man afflicted with oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy were processed at autopsy for electron microscopy. The ultrastructural analyses of the pectoral muscle showed myofibrils which exhibited Z line streaming and a general breakdown in the organization of the sarcomere. In addition, some of the myofibrils displayed sites of degeneration at the center of the A band. The changes in the psoas muscles which are distant from the primary myopathic loci of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy were more extensive than that seen in the pectoral muscle. Control tissues showed intact myofibrils and little postmortem alteration.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 57 (1982), S. 23-36 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Muscle spindle ; Electron microscopy ; Nerve endings ; Denervation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The nerve endings in muscle spindles from lumbricalis muscles of the hindpaw of the rat were studied by electron microscopy from 10 h to 7 days after section of the sciatic nerve. No sensory endings were found after 5 days and no motor endings after 3 days. Early changes in sensory endings included accumulation of lamellar bodies, mitochondrial swelling or shrinkage, an edematous appearance of the cytoplasm and disruption of membranes. The predominant way of removal was phagocytosis by activated mesenchymal cells; other endings were incorporated into the sarcoplasm as electrondense bodies. Early changes in motor endings included aggregation or swelling of synaptic vesicles, swelling or shrinkage of mitochondria, edematous change of the cytoplasm and disruption of membranes. The predominant way of removal was incorporation into the cytoplasm of adjacent Schwann cells and degradation to phagolysosomes. Sites of removed sensory endings could be identified by basement membrane reduplication, while the intact subsynaptic apparatus of removed motor endings was either loosely covered by Schwann cell processes, or by fibrillar material, or appeared empty. The differences in the removal of motor and sensory endings are explained by the differences in their anatomic structure.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 21
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Radiation effects ; Nervous system ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) were exposed to high-LET krypton (84Kr) ions at low (4.2 rad) and high (1,584 rad) doses and killed to assess acute (36 h post-exposure) and late (35 days post-exposure) effects in the brain by means of electron microscopy. The main findings were: (a) glycogen granules appeared in the neuroglial compartment 36 h after exposure to either dose and were no longer present in flies killed 35 days later, (b) neuronal alterations (swelling and membrane disruption) were observed 35 days after exposure to both doses, (c) changes in the neuroglia (electron-dense masses of concentrically arranged membranous structures) were seen 35 days after exposure. The data are discussed in relation to previous research in the fruit fly using argon (40Ar) charged particles and to other radiation studies performed in the mammalian brain with the view of using the insect brain as a model for detailed study of radiation effects on neurons, neuroglia, and the neuron-neuroglia unit.
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 58 (1982), S. 307-310 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Hirano body ; Hepatic encephalopathy ; Oligodendroglia ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Inclusions, essentially identical to Hirano bodies, were observed in the substantia nigra, dentate nuclei, and frontal lobes in three autopsy cases of hepatic encephalopathy. Similar inclusions were not observed in these areas in nine controls. The inclusions were mainly seen in the inner loops of the myelinated fibers, between the myelin lamellae, and among degenerated myelin sheaths. The same inclusions were rarely observed in postsynaptic terminals.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 23
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Decompression sickness ; Hypertonic solutions ; Blood-brain barrier ; Blood-spinal cord barrier ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The permeability of microvasculature in the cerebral cortex, neostriatum, and spinal cord to i. v. injected horseradish peroxidase (HRP) has been investigated in rats following experimental compression to 6.1 bars (abs.) air for 90 min, and subsequent decompression to the ambient pressure in 1 min. For comparison, 1 ml of 2.0 M urea was injected into the right common carotid artery of rats during 15 s. After exposure to compression-decompression, under the light microscope focal leaky areas were found in all the regions examined. The leakage was most prominent in the grey matter of the spinal cord, and the cerebral cortex. In decompressed rats, arterioles were most often the site of peroxidase extravasation, whereas extravasation of HRP was less frequently displayed by capillaries and venules. In urea-treated rats, capillaries and venules frequently displayed extravasation of HRP as well. Parenchymal cells accumulated the trace adjacent to the leaky areas. Under the electron microscope, the extravasation of HRP was associated with peroxidase-containing pleomorphic vesicular structures in the endothelium, both in decompressed and urea-injected rats. Moreover, in contrast to decompressed rats, the junctions between endothelial cells were penetrated by the trace in urea-treated rats. Accordingly, the results indicate that during decompression sickness the pathway for the extravasation of proteins is through vesicular transfer, whereas the injection of hyperosmolar urea induces extravasation, both through vesicular transfer and junctions between the endothelial cells.
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 57 (1982), S. 243-248 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Skeletal muscle ; Paraplegia ; Complete spinal cord lesion ; Histopatology ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Biopsies of the rectus femoris muscle of 22 paraplegic patients with complete acute spinal cord transection due to trauma were taken for enzyme-histochemical and electron-microscopic studies in successive stages starting from the occurrence of the accident (1–17 months). Ingravescent muscular atrophy was demonstrated with a progressive decrease in the fiber diameter and changes in the fiber type distribution with predominant type II atrophy in the first stage and type I atrophy in the later stage of the cord transection. Muscular “neurogenic” changes, such as angular dark atrophic fibers, targetoid fibers, and type predominance are frequently observed. Myopathic alterations are observed in a low percentage in the later stages of the lesion. The ultrastructural findings are characterized by myofibrillar alterations and by dilatation and proliferative phenomena of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and T-system. There are ingravescent accumulation of lipid, interstitial fibrosis and microcirculatory alterations. The possible mechanism of “central” muscle atrophy is reviewed and discussed with reference to the morphological findings.
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 164 (1982), S. 19-41 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Human kidney ; Nephron development ; Distal segments ; Electron microscopy ; Morphometry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructural development of the human distal nephron was studied in fetuses 14–18 weeks of gestational age. The three-dimensional course of the nephrons was traced in serial semi-thin sections. Single semi-thin sections containing defined distal nephron segments were then reembedded, thin-sectioned and analyzed by electron microscopy. In stage I (renal vesicle) and stage II (S-shaped body) epithelial cells were essentially similar in ultrastructure. In stage III there were only minor variations in cell ultrastructure between distal nephron segments, but distinct differences were observed between proximal and distal tubule cells, the former being the most differentiated. The segments which are present in nephrons of adult kidneys could be identified in stage IV and some ultrastructural differences recognized between the cells. However, the amplification of the baso-lateral membrane, which is prominent in iontransporting mature distal segments, was almost absent and the baso-lateral membrane area per unit tubule length was similar in all distal segments. Intercalated cells were present towards the end of the distal convoluted and in the connecting tubule in stage IV but the ampulla of the collecting tubule was composed of cells with a uniform ultrastructure. Cell ultrastructure varied again to some extent in the collecting tubule. The present observations demonstrate that distal nephron segments in the human kidney are structurally undifferentiated in the early fetal development and suggest that they only to a limited extent are capable of modifying the composition of the tubular fluid.
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  • 26
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Schlagwort(e): Multiple myeloma ; Immunoglobulin ; Electron microscopy ; Fluorescent antibody technique
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Using our electron microscopic method for polysome analysis and an immunofluorescent technique we studied Ig production and secretion by tumor cells in seven BJP myeloma patients and seven “nonsecretory” myeloma patients. In BJP myeloma Ig production and secretion is of three types: Type 1, only L-chains are synthesized and secreted; Type 2, the myeloma cells show fluorescence for H-chains, but upon polysome analysis there is no peak at polysomes corresponding to H-chain production; Type 3, the myeloma cells show fluorescence for H-chains, and polysome analysis shows two peaks corresponding to L- and H-chain production. Polysome analysis of “nonsecretory” myelomas show the presence of only very few membrane-bound polysomes and their distribution curves are entirely different from those of “ordinary” myeloma. Furthermore, the distribution patterns vary among seven cases. Results obtained by polysome analysis and immunofluorescent technique suggest that the “nonsecretory” myeloma could be divided into several subtypes.
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 56 (1982), S. 250-254 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Skeletal muscle ; Chronic alcoholism ; Tubular aggregates ; Histochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The presence of tubular aggregates (TA) in type II muscle fibers in two of 20 alcoholic patients with chronic liver disease, and with no apparent neuromuscular disorder, is reported. The localization, histochemical reactions, and ultrastructural features of the TA are similar to those previously described in other conditions. In one of the two cases TA were demonstrated by E/M observations only and not by histochemistry. No correlations were found between the biochemical changes and the presence of tubular aggregates. We believe that TA are long-standing structures since the muscle biopsies were performed 12 and 13 days after the ingestion of alcohol had been discontinued. They may represent a non-specific response of the sarcoplasmic reticulum to compensate for the deficient calcium uptake reported in alcoholic patients.
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 58 (1982), S. 177-182 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Cerebral vessels ; Telencephalon ; Looptail mutant mouse ; Pathogenesis ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Cerebral capillaries in the telencephalon of normal (+/+;Lp/+)_and abnormal (Lp/Lp) loop-tail mutant mice were studied chronologically by means of electron microscopy at stages ranging from 15 through 18 days of gestation. In the abnormal tissue, neural rosettes were common, and cellular material and red blood cells were often contained within the lumen of the rosettes. The endothelial cells of telencephalic blood vessels in the abnormal brains showed a persistence of cellular projections, subluminal vacuoles, and swollen mitochondria beyond the stage when these features ordinarily disappear in normal embryonic cerebral vessels. The endothelial cells in the abnormal brains also failed to become fully invested with pericytes, and red blood cells gradually infiltrated the neural tissue, particularly in subependymal regions, at 16–18 days of gestation.
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 274 (1982), S. 373-375 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Schlagwort(e): Merkel cell ; PUVA ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 191 (1982), S. 205-207 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Schlagwort(e): Chitin inhibition ; Nikkomycin ; Cuticle ; Electron microscopy ; Epilachna varivestis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The nucleoside antibiotic nikkomycin has proved to be an effective inhibitor of chitin synthesis in the Mexican bean beetleEpilachna varivestis. Ultrastructural investigations show defects in the procuticular area after nikkomycin application which suggest the complete absence of chitin. A cuticle like this is inflexible and too brittle to satisfy its normal function as an exoskeleton. The individuals are not able to free themselves from the exuvia and finally die. Therefore nikkomycin seems to be a potential insecticide with high specifity.
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 49 (1982), S. 305-314 
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Schlagwort(e): Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ; Liver ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Female NMRI mice aged 9–12 weeks were each given a single subcutaneous injection of 0.5 ml of a suspension containing either the total extracts or the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) fraction of airborne particles. Both the total extracts and PAH fractions contain 3 Vg benzopyrene. After about 15 months the livers were removed from the animals, which had by that time developed tumors at the injection site, and were subjected to ectronmicroscopical study. The essential alterations were observed in the nucleoli and the cell nuclei, which had greatly proliferated and exhibited irregular nuclear membranes. Advanced fibrosis was observed in central liver specimens of all groups. Marked alterations were also observed in the mitochondria and the mitochondria) cristae as well as in the bile canaliculi. Intracytoplasmic glycogen usually occurred densely clustered along the periphery of the cell. It may be concluded from the observations that both the total extract of atmospheric suspended particulate matter and the PAH fraction cause hematogenic damage to the liver following subcutaneous injection, a finding which cannot be interpreted as metastatic carcinoma.
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 104 (1982), S. 171-180 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Schlagwort(e): Ewing's sarcoma ; Type IV collagen ; Factor-VIII-associated protein ; Endothelial differentiation ; Electron microscopy ; Immunofluorescence microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Six cases of Ewing's sarcoma were investigated by electron and immunofluorescence microscopy. A layer of basement membrane-like deposits was found between typical principal and secondary tumor cells. To clarify the nature of these ultrastructural deposits, antibodies against collagen type IV were applied to frozen sections of corresponding tumor tissue. This reaction revealed type IV collagen as a regular component of basement membranes in nonneoplastic tumor capillaries, but it was equally able to localize collagen type IV between single tumor cells in capillary-free areas. With the same method, factor-VIII-associated protein, predominantly found in endothelial cells, could be demonstrated in some tumor cells. These results demonstrate that, in addition to anaplastic cells, some tumor cells are found in Ewing's sarcoma that share certain differentiating features with the endothelial cell.
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 138 (1982), S. 179-185 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Schlagwort(e): Lymphocytes ; Metabolic disorders ; Inclusions ; Lysosomes ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Ultrastructural examination of peripheral lymphocytes was performed in 28 cases of various lysosomal diseases, including infantile, late infantile and juvenile neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinoses (NCL), mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS), juvenile and adult metachromatic leukodystrophies (MLD), GM1-gangliosidosis, one patient with presumed mucolipidosis type IV, mucolipidosis type III, and glycogenosis type II. Based on our own observations on the ultrastructure of lymphocytes in lysosomal disorders, our results may be divided into the following 3 groups: 1. pathological findings with specific inclusions: each type of NCL, presumed mucolipidosis type IV, glycogenosis type II; 2. pathological findings with vacuoles: types I-H, II, III-A and III-B, IV, VI-A and VI-B of MPS, GM1-gangliosidosis; 3. apparently no pathological findings: juvenile and adult MLD, mucolipidosis type III, GM2-gangliosidosis, Gaucher disease. These results led us to conclude that morphological investigations utilizing lymphocytes do not always offer sufficient diagnostic information although easy accessibility favors diagnostic ultrastructural studies of lymphocytes. Such morphological studies should be supplemented by diagnostic biochemical methods.
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 132 (1982), S. 10-13 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Calcofluor White ; Cell wall structure ; Chlorella ; Electron microscopy ; Protoplast ; Ruthenium Red
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Among 12 strains ofChlorella ellipsoidea, C. vulgaris, andC. saccharophila tested, 4 strains (1,C. ellpsoidea; 2,C. vulgaris; 1,C. saccharophila) formed osmotically labile protoplasts after treatment with mixtures of polysaccharide degrading enzymes. The relationship between enzymatical digestibility and structure or composition ofChlorella cell walls were studied by electron microscopy and staining techniques with some specific dyes. The cell wall structures of the 12Chlorella strains were grouped into three types: (1) with a trilaminar outer layer, (2) with a thin outer monolayer, and (3) without an outer layer. Protoplasts were formed only from the strains with a cell wall of Type 2. In the strains with a cell wall of Type 1, the outer layer protected the inner major microfibrillar layer against enzymatic digestion. The cell wall of Type 3 was totally resistant to the enzymes; the chemical composition of the cell wall would be somewhat different from that of other types.
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 133 (1982), S. 97-99 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Cyanobacteria ; Thylakoid centers ; Photosynthetic membranes/thylakoids ; Membranes ; Membrane biogenesis ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract An ultrastructural study of four cyanobacteria (Anabaena cylindrica, Dermocarpa violaceae, Gleocapsa alpicola, Pleurocapsa minor) indicates the presence of previously undescribed thylakoid centers from which photosynthetic membranes (thylakoids) radiate. These peripherally located thylakoid centers are cylinders 30 nm wide by 320 nm long, consisting of globular subunits oriented in nonparallel stacked arrays. Thylakoids are attached to the outer surface of the cylinder along its longitudinal axis. Thylakoid centers appear to be functionally significant due to their structure, location and thylakoid association.
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 131 (1982), S. 116-123 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Cell wall ; Wall degradation ; Lysozyme ; Autolysines ; Electron microscopy ; Staphylococcus aureus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract In contrast to former findings lysozyme was able to attack the cell walls ofStaphylococcus aureus under acid conditions. However, experiments with14C-labelled cell walls and ribonuclease indicated that, under these conditions, lysozyme acted less as an muralytic enzyme but more as an activator of pre-existing autolytic wall enzymes. Electron microscopic studies showed that under these acid conditions the cell walls were degraded by a new mechanism (i.e. “attack from the inside”). This attack on the cell wall started asymmetrically within the region of the cross wall and induced the formation of periodically arranged lytic sites between the cytoplasmic membrane and the cell wall proper. Subsequently, a gap between the cell wall and the cytoplasmic membrane resulted and large cell wall segments became detached and suspended in the medium. The sequence of lytic events corresponded to processes known to take place during wall regeneration and wall formation. In the final stage of lysozyme action at pH 5 no cell debris but “stabilized protoplasts” were to be seen without detectable alterations of the primary shape of the cells. At the same time long extended ribbon-like structures appeared outside the bacteria. The origin as well as the chemical nature of this material is discussed. Furthermore, immunological implications are considered.
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International orthopaedics 6 (1982), S. 171-179 
    ISSN: 1432-5195
    Schlagwort(e): Osteosarcoma ; Electron microscopy ; Acid phosphate ; Alkaline phosphate ; Bone tumour
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé La morphologie de 26 sarcomes ostéogéniques a été étudiée par microscopie électronique et la localisation des phosphatases acide et alcaline a pu être précisée au niveau ultrastructural. Quatre différents types de cellules ont été mis en évidence dans les tumeurs: cellules d'aspect ostéoblastique, fibroblastique et chondroblastique, ainsi que des cellules géantes multinuclées. Les cellules d'aspect ostéoblastique étaient présentes dans presque toutes les tumeurs étudiées. Une activité phosphatasique acide a été trouvée dans les lysosomes de toutes les cellules étudiées. Une activité phosphatasique alcaline a été observée dans — ou sur — la membrane plasmatique et dans les vésicules associées des cellules d'aspect ostéoblastique et fibroblastique ainsi que des cellules géantes. L'abondance des produits de réaction de la phosphatase alcaline contrastant avec une faible activité phosphatasique acide est en accord avec la nature de cette tumeur ostéogénique. Les résultats de l'étude histochimique ont aidé à comprendre la pathobiologie des différentes cellules qui constituent les sarcomes ostéogéniques.
    Notizen: Summary The morphology of 26 cases of osteogenic sarcoma was studied using electron microscopic techniques, and the localization of acid and alkaline phosphatase activity at the ultrastructural level elucidated. Four different cells were present in the tumours: osteoblast-like, fibroblast-like, chondroblast-like, and multinucleated giant cells. The osteoblast-like cell was present in most of the tumours studied. Acid phosphatase activity was present in lysosome-like structures of almost all the cell-types studied. Alkaline phosphatase activity was noted in or on the plasma membranes and associated vesicles of osteoblast-like, fibroblast-like, and multinucleated giant cells. The abundant reaction product deposition of alkaline phosphatase as compared with the lower acid phosphatase activity is in agreement with the nature of this bone-forming tumour. The results of the histochemical studies have added to the understanding of the pathobiology of the different cells composing osteogenic sarcomas.
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Protoplasma 111 (1982), S. 206-214 
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Schlagwort(e): Bark beetle ; Sensilla ; Chemoreceptors ; Mechanoreceptors ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The antennal sensilla inI. typographus are almost exclusively confined to the flattened terminal flagellar segment. The sensillar types have distinct distribution patterns in the three areas where they are found. Judging from the ultrastructural characteristics the following functions can be assigned to the sensillar types: chemoreception, single-walled and double-walled sensilla; chemoreception/mechanoreception, terminal-pore sensillum. Moreover there are two types of mechanoreceptors, one of which is connected to a bristle, whereas the other terminates within the cuticle of the flagellar segment.
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 236 (1982), S. 217-228 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Schlagwort(e): Ethacrynic acid ; Spiral prominence ; Electron microscopy ; Ethacrynsäure ; Prominentia spiralis cochleae ; Elek tronenmikroskopie
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Nach einmaliger intravenöser Ethacrynsäure-Applikation (40 mg/kg Körpergewicht) wurden die ultastrukturellen Veränderungen in der Prominentia spiralis der Meerschweinchenschnecke nach Einwirkungszeiten zwischen 5 und 90 min untersucht. Nach einer initialen Schwellung der den Endolymphraum begrenzenden Epithelzellen entwickelte sich ein interzelluläres Ödem und eine ausgeprägte Schrumpfung der das Vas prominens umgebenden Stromazellen mit nachfolgender Erweiterung des Perivascularraumes. Während die Veränderungen in der Stria vascularis und der Prominentia spiralis im zeitlichen Verlauf sich weitgehend identisch entwickelten, setzte die Rückbildung zur normalen Ultrastruktur in der Prominentia spiralis früher ein.
    Notizen: Summary Ultrastructural changes in the guinea pig spiral prominence were studied at various times after a single intravenous injection of ethacrynic acid (40 mg/kg body-weight). Initial swelling of endolymph-facing epithelial cells was followed by dilatation of the intercellular spaces and marked shrinkage of the stroma cells surrounding the spiral prominence vessel. While the changes in the stria vascularis and the spiral prominence progressed at about the same pace, the regression to normal ultrastructure set in earlier in the spiral prominence.
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 226 (1982), S. 589-608 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Kidney (frog) ; Glomerulus ; Nephron ; Tight junctions ; Freeze-fracturing ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary By the use of thin sections and freeze-fracture replicas the glomerular and tubular structures of the kidney of the frog (Rana esculenta) were studied with special reference to intercellular junctions. In the glomerulus the filtration barrier is of very variable thickness, and frequent tight and gap junctional contacts occur between podocyte processes. Although structurally less elaborate, the proximal tubule resembles its mammalian counterpart. In the initial part the tight junctions are relatively shallow but become very broad in the mid and distal portions of the proximal tubule. The proximal tubular cells are extensively linked by gap junctions. In some animals the shapes of the cells in the proximal and distal portions of the proximal tubule were markedly different. The distal tubule consists of two segments which differ mainly in the pattern of interdigitations and the structure of the zonulae occludentes. Similarities with the tight junctional morphology of the mammalian distal tubule are striking. In the first part of the distal tubule (diluting segment) a narrow band of parallel tight junctions is found closely resembling that found in the mammalian straight distal tubule; in the more distal part of the distal tubule, however, a broad band of anastomosing tight junctional strands exists, like the zonula occludens of the mammalian convoluted distal tubule. The connecting tubule displays cellular dimorphism: its wall contains a mixture of light and dark (flask) cells. The luminal and basolateral membranes of the flask cells are covered with numerous rod-shaped particles. The tight junctions of the connecting tubule are broad and increase in depth and number of strands along its length; they are typical of a very tight epithelium. In spite of several dissimilarities with phylogenetically younger kidneys our findings suggest that many structural principles of the mammalian kidney are also represented in the kidneys of amphibians. The structural-functional relationships are discussed.
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 221 (1982), S. 657-678 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Stomach (Teleost) ; Endocrine cells ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In the gastric mucosa of two teleost species, the perch (Perca fluviatilis) and the catfish (Ameiurus nebulosus) three endocrine cell types were found, located predominantly between the mucoid cells of the gastric mucosa. A fourth cell type is present in the gastric glands of catfish. Each cell type was defined by its characteristic secretory granules. Type-I cells were predominant in both fish. These cells contained round or oval granules with a pleomorphic core. The average diameter of granules was 400 nm for the perch and 270 nm for the catfish. Type-II cells of both species displayed small, highly osmiophilic granules about 100 nm in diameter. The secretory granules of type-III cells (260 nm in the perch and 190 nm in the catfish) were round or slightly oval in shape and were filled with a finely particulate electron-dense material. Type-IV cells of the catfish were found in the gastric glands only. Their cytoplasm was filled with homogeneous, moderately electron-dense granules averaging 340 nm in diameter. The physiological significance of these different morphological types of gastric endocrine cells requires further investigation.
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 222 (1982), S. 409-415 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Crustacean compound eye ; Eighth retinular cell ; Crystalline tract ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The base of the crystalline tract, the distal part of the eighth retinular cell and its rhabdomer constitute a structural unit in the apical region of the retinula of Astacus fluviatilis and A. leptodactylus, shielded from the blood by a special covering cell.
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 224 (1982), S. 637-645 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Cell surface antigen ; Neurons ; Glia ; Electron microscopy ; Immunoperoxidase ; Monoclonal antibody
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Immuno-electron microscopy was performed on live, cultured, early postnatal cerebellar and retinal cells of the mouse to identify A2B5 antigenbearing elements. In cerebellar cultures, granule cells, some immature oligodendroglia, and astroblasts express A2B5 antigen on their cell surfaces. The typical features of astroblasts include large cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum and a mixed population of intermediate-sized filaments and microtubules. Immature oligodendroglia cells express the antigen on their cell bodies and on procecesses filled with cytoplasm. Cytoplasm-free membranous whorls, however, are devoid of A2B5 antigen, but not of 0 or NS-1 antigens. In retinal cultures, A2B5 antigen is observed on differentiating neurons with the exception of photoreceptor cells as identified by ribbon synapses.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 224 (1982), S. 673-683 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Pacinian corpuscles, rat ; Denervation ; Sensory terminals ; Nerve degeneration ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructure of Pacinian corpuscles located on the crural interosseous membrane was studied in adult rats 6 h to 10 months after transection of the right sciatic nerve. Axon terminals degenerated one day after transection and were engulfed and resorbed by cells of the inner core within one week. The axial space left after removal of the axonal debris was closed by the lamellae of the inner core. The main structural features of the inner core and capsule remained preserved after denervation throughout the period of study. The denervated inner cores, however, became atrophic 10 months after neurotomy, their mean diameter being reduced by 17.5% compared with that of contralateral control corpuscles. The number of capsular lamellae was unaltered, and perineurial pathways of the peripheral nerve stump remained preserved. Schwann cells proliferated and formed Büngner bands during the first month after denervation, but retracted their processes and became atrophic at later stages after neurotomy. Survival of Pacinian corpuscles after long-term denervation in adult rats is in contrast to their rapid degeneration within several days after nerve section in neonates.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 45
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Electron microscopy ; Junctions ; Smooth muscle ; Echinodermata ; Holothuria, Aspidochirotida
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Electron microscopy reveals that sarcolemmata of adjacent muscle cells form pentalaminar junctions by fusion of apposed trilaminar double leaflet membranes. These junctions appear to be candidates for low resistance pathways between muscle fibers. The muscles depolarize slowly when bathed in solutions containing elevated concentrations of KCl, and the sucrose gap method can then be used to measure the potential difference between polarized and depolarized regions. Thus the junctions which we have observed may provide the structural basis for electrical transmission through the sucrose gap.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 46
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Peritrophic membrane ; Tick ; Babesia ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A peritrophic membrane (PM) has been demonstrated in the gut of feeding larvae, nymphs, and adults of the tick Ixodes dammini. This is the first report of a PM in ticks. This temporary structure divides the lumen of the gut into two compartments, an endoperitrophic space, the lumen proper, and an ectoperitrophic space located between the PM and the epithelial cells of the gut wall. The PM is a mechanical barrier and even such small particles as ribosomes derived from ingested reticulocytes are retained in the lumen proper; they are never found in the ectoperitrophic compartment. In Ixodes dammini fed on hamsters infected with Babesia microti some of the parasites are found in the ectoperitrophic space. This passage is accomplished by a highly specialized organelle, the arrowhead, which develops in some Babesia during their metamorphosis in the gut of the vector. The arrowhead, while passing through the PM, changes its fine structure and loses its internal organization as if releasing some of its contents. Its disintegration continues and it disappears shortly after the Babesia have entered the epithelial cells. Only Babesia equipped with the arrowhead structure are able to cross the PM. This is the first documented case of a parasite traversing a solidified PM.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 222 (1982), S. 25-40 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Paddle cilia ; Discocilia ; Pleurobranchaea ; Chemoreceptors ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Scanning electron microscopy of various regions of the body of the marine gastropod Pleurobranchaea californica (McFarland) has revealed a characteristic cell type that bears cilia with dilated discoid-shaped tips. The tips of the cilia consist of an expansion of the ciliary membrane around a looped distal extension of the axoneme. These kinocilia have been observed in numerous other marine invertebrates and are generally referred to as paddle cilia (Tamarin et al. 1974) or discocilia (Heimler 1978). Although many functions have been proposed for paddle cilia, little empirical evidence supports any of the proposals. In Pleurobranchaea we have found that the distribution of this ciliated cell type corresponds exactly to areas of the body known from behavioral studies (Lee et al. 1974; Davis and Matera 1981) to mediate chemoreception. Transmission electron microscopy of the epithelium lining the rhinophores and tentacles of Pleurobranchaea revealed details of the ultrastructure of these ciliated cells and showed that they are primary receptors. These ciliated receptors lie in a yellow-brown pseudostratified columnar epithelium that superficially resembles the olfactory mucosa of vertebrates.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 222 (1982), S. 167-175 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Pigment granules ; Chromatophores ; Granulogenesis ; Palaemonid shrimp ; Macrobrachium ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The possible biogenesis of two pigment granule types present in the monochromatic, brown chromatosomes enveloping the ventral nerve chord of the freshwater palaemonid shrimps Macrobrachium acanthurus, M. heterochirus and M. olfersii is examined by transmission electron microscopy in thin section and freeze fracture replicas. Prominent, membrane limited granules are suggested to have their origin in a complex, juxtanuclear, smooth endoplasmic reticulum labyrinth, continuous with the nuclear envelope. Amembranous, lipocarotenoid granules possibly derive from the external surface of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Nuclear envelope and SER membranes contain numerous 11 nm diameter intramembranous particles while pigment granule membranes exhibit fewer particles. A dictyosomal origin for the lipocarotenoid granules is discounted. Granulogenesis is suggested to be a continuous process in crustacean chromatophores.
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 222 (1982), S. 261-267 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Skeletal muscle ; Fiber types ; Electron microscopy ; Stereology ; Chicken
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Ultrastructural and stereological assessment of the mature avian anterior latissimus dorsi (ALD) muscle showed that it contains two kinds of extrafusal fibers. This fine structural dichotomy of fiber types in the ALD correlated well with their previously reported histochemical duality. Distinct differences occur in sarcomere banding, myofibrillar area, sarcotubular and mitochondrial density, and in morphology of motor-nerve terminals. Both myofiber types in this muscle were interpreted as representing varieties of “slow” or tonic muscle fibers. Both fibers contain myofibrils that, despite differences in cross-sectional area, were large, irregular, and ribbon-shaped, typical of the “Felderstruktur” appearance of true “slow” fibers. Whereas the majority of fibers (type-1) are devoid of well-defined M-bands, the minor fiber population (type-2) exhibit prominent M-bands in the center of each sarcomere. In addition, type-1 tonic fibers contain a significantly lower mitochondrial and sarcotubular volume than the tonic fibers of type-2. While both fiber types exhibit motor-nerve terminals that are small, smooth and punctate in appearance, those on the type2 fibers often had a number of shallow postjunctional folds. Whether or not these two classes of extrafusal fiber in this muscle represent two separate and distinct types of motor units remains to be determined functionally.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 223 (1982), S. 87-99 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Smooth muscle cells ; In vitro-growth ; Whole blood serum ; Plasma-derived serum ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Normal diploid cells require serum to proliferate in culture. Platelet-derived growth factor has been identified as the main serum component responsible for this effect. Here, smooth muscle cells were isolated enzymatically from the aorta of 5-day-old rats and cultured in the presence of 10% whole blood serum (WBS) or plasma-derived serum (PDS), i.e. with or without platelet factor, and studied by transmission electron microscopy. The cells proliferated actively in WBS-medium but remained quiescent in PDS-medium. Fine structurally, cells from WBS-cultures demonstrated numerous mitochondria, an extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), a large Golgi complex, a few lysosomes, and microfilaments arranged in parallel bundles. After transfer to PDS-medium, the RER- and Golgi cisternae were markedly dilated and the number of membrane-associated ribosomes decreased. Segregation of fragments of cytoplasm within autophagosomes was frequently observed and the number of lysosomes increased. Lipid droplets were more abundant and often gathered in the Golgi area. Moreover, the cells had become more irregular in shape and showed many bleb-like processes at their surface. Microfilament bundles had also become more prominent and crossed each other in different directions. These observations show that the removal of platelet factor from the medium clearly modifies the fine structure of cultured smooth muscle cells. The findings are in good agreement with the concept that platelet factor not only supports the proliferation of cultured cells but also stimulates their secretory activity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 223 (1982), S. 267-280 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Retina (Astacus) ; Rhabdom ; Osmolarity ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Alterations of the retinula cells in the retina of the light-adapted crayfish in response to hyper- and hypoosmotic van Harreveld solutions was examined by transmission electron microscopy. Increased osmolarity of the bathing medium to twice that of the physiological value leads to shrinkage of the retinula-cell somata. Microvilli, on the other hand, do not undergo shrinkage. Some other characteristic irreversible changes do, however, take place, including detachment of microvilli from the soma, showing a two- or threefold increase in diameter, and a concomitant decrease in number, probably due to fusion of microvilli. Prolonged incubation or higher osmolarities (5 isosmol) cause alteration of the microvillar membranes to whorls. Structural changes are often restricted to microvillar stacks evaginating from certain individual retinular cells. The number of affected stacks increases depending on the duration of incubation or the osmotic pressure. Hypoosmotic solution (0.5 isosmol) also induces an increase of microvillar diameters and a concomitant reduction in number of microvilli per stack. Exposure to a 20% solution of glycerol causes destruction of the rhabdom structure and the formation of whorls from microvillar membranes. The present findings suggest that the structure of the microvilli is stabilized by an axial cytoskeleton.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 224 (1982), S. 291-301 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Thymus (rat) irradiation ; Electron microscopy ; Interdigitating cells ; Macrophages ; Phagocytosis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Phagocytic activity and population development of medullary interdigitating cells (IDC) and cortical macrophages have been studied in the rat thymus after irradiation-induced thymocyte necrosis. IDC clearly demonstrate phagocytic activity, particularly in the 16h stage after irradiation. At this stage the number of necrotic thymocytes is maximal and the total number of phagocytic cells is insufficient to phagocytize all necrotic material. IDC increase in number slightly and are predominantly phagocytizing in the corticomedullary region (CMR), where they appear to develop from macrophage-like cells. The results indicate that medullary IDC can be phagocytic but have a different developmental pathway than cortical macrophages. Cortical macrophages greatly increase in number and acquire the appearance of tingible body macrophages by phagocytizing many necrotic thymocytes. They seem to develop from monocytes that normally enter the thymus at the CMR. During the acute involution macrophages probably also enter the cortex via the connective tissue capsule. It is suggested that thymus medullary IDC probably belong to the mononuclear phagocytes, as do the cortical macrophages. In the specific medullary environment IDC gradually develop their characteristic ultrastructure for an apparently other than phagocytic function. The similarities between IDC and epidermal Langerhans cells are discussed.
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 224 (1982), S. 349-359 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Ovarian follicle ; Ovulation ; Ultrastructural change ; Fowl ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary No structural changes could be observed in the stigma until 2 h before ovulation. Within a few minutes of ovulation, the stratum granulosum and theca interna disappear completely in the middle part of the stigma. By 30 min before ovulation, the rough endoplasmic reticulum in the fibroblasts of the theca externa develops conspicuously. Then a few minutes before ovulation, the theca externa becomes much thinner with a conspicuous disintegration of the collagenous fibers into individual fibrils. These structural changes may contribute to the fragility of the stigma tissue and induce rupture of the follicle.
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 224 (1982), S. 383-395 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Mouse ovary ; Junctions ; Freeze-fracture ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Intercellular junctions in the young mouse ovary were examined by electron microscopy utilizing freeze-fracture and thin-sectioning techniques. Projections from the granulosa cells adjacent to the oocyte (GI) traverse the zona pellucida and form small gap junctions on the oocyte surface. On the P-face of these cells, the junctional aggregations are occasionally associated with linear strands of particles. In contrast, large gap junctional areas are frequently observed between the more peripherally located granulosa cells (GE) and are also present in the theca interna (TI) cell layer surrounding the follicles. Three types of tight junctional strands are discernible on the P-face of theca externa cells (TE): angularly zigzag strands consisting of intermittently distributed intramembranous particles on wide ridges, intermediate zigzag strands consisting of more continuously distributed particles, and wavy strands consisting of rather fused particles. Tight junctional strands are also present in the middle of grooves on the E-face of endothelial cells of blood vessels. In the germinal epithelial cell layer, tight junctional strands appear to be discrete and form a less anastomosing network.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 224 (1982), S. 369-381 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Pituitary gland ; Pars intermedia ; Electron microscopy ; Fetal sheep ; Lamb
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Using light and electron microscopy, the morphogenesis of the pars intermedia of the sheep pituitary gland was examined in developing lambs between 26 days of gestation and the newborn stage. Following the establishment of contact between the anterior and posterior lobe primordia seen at 26 days, the connection with the pharyngeal roof disappeared by 31 days. The lumen of Rathke's pouch, which was a prominent cavity at the earlier stages, became inconspicuous by 40 days but progressively increased in size during gestation and, in some newborn animals, contained colloid material. At 40 days, the pars intermedia consisted of a uniform population of undifferentiated cells. Cells with cytoplasmic granules were first identified at 50 days. The cytological appearance of granular cells at 70 days indicated increased synthetic activity and by 80 days they closely resembled adult glandular cells. At 100 days, membrane activity suggestive of exocytosis was first observed in granular cells; fenestrated capillaries were present, and early follicle formation between adjacent non-granular cells was seen. This apparent exocytotic release of granules was observed much more frequently between 100 days of gestation and the newborn stage than in adult pars intermedia cells. These findings indicate that glandular cells of the developing pars intermedia are actively engaged in synthesis, storage and secretion from an early stage.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 225 (1982), S. 355-364 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Implantation ; Blastocyst ; Pontamine ; blue reaction ; Decidualization ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The early uterine response to transplanted, delayed and estrogenactivated blastocysts was studied ultrastructurally and compared with that induced by intrauterine instillations of deciduogenic agents (arachis oil, air). The uterine responses to delayed and activated blastocysts showed no ultrastructural or temporal differences. Already within 4 h after transfer to a sensitized uterus, the delayed blastocysts exhibited signs of activation, and both types of blastocysts had started to attach onto an undamaged epithelial lining. Signs of stromal cell differentiation into decidual cells were also seen as early as 4 h after transfer, while the Pontamine-blue reaction did not appear until after 8 h. The results therefore indicate that the transplanted blastocysts induced decidualization atraumatically and that the delayed blastocysts were either deciduogenic already before transfer or rapidly acquired deciduogenic properties after transfer. Artificial decidual induction with oil and air led to damage or death of a large number of cells in the uterine luminal epithelium. Within only 15 min after instillation pronounced signs of cell damage were seen, and later numerous cells were extruded from the epithelial lining. In the stroma ultrastructural signs of decidual cell differentiation and a Pontamine-blue reaction were observed as early as 4 h after induction. It is therefore suggested that oil and air induce decidualization via the epithelium by means of trauma.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 225 (1982), S. 443-448 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Frog cerebellum ; Ependymal surface ; Cilia ; Supraependymal cells ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Ultrastructural studies of the ventricular surface of the frog cerebellum showed regional differences. In the midline region of the adult cerebellum was found a band of profusely ciliated squamous ependymal cells. In the rest of the cerebellum the ependymal cells were columnar and each had a single cilium. In the cerebellum of the premetamorphic tadpole, the squamous ependymal cells of the midline region also were monociliated. During metamorphosis they gradually became multiciliated. Additionally, supraependymal cells and synaptic elements were present on the ventricular surface of the cerebellum of adult frogs as well as in late metamorphic tadpoles. In contrast, supraependymal cells were rarely observed in premetamorphic tadpoles, and it was concluded that the supraependymal system develops during metamorphosis. It is postulated that the band of cilia may be associated with the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid, and supraependymal synaptic elements function in neuroendocrine regulation.
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 225 (1982), S. 663-671 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Chaetognatha ; Intestine ; Pleated septate junction ; Electron microscopy ; Freeze-fracture
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The intramembrane structures of the pleated septate junction which occur in the junctional complex of the intestine of the chaetognath Sagitta setosa have been investigated. The pleated septate junction is made up of linear rows of irregularly shaped and sized particles, often fused into short rods, and pits which can be fused into furrows. The distribution of these structures on E and P faces depends upon the preparative methods used. Many of the morphological characteristics are the same as those of the “lower invertebrate pleated septate junction type” defined by Green (1981a). The physiological significance of this junction is obscure. On the basis of the presence of septate junctions (both of the paired septate junction and pleated septate junction types) which have mainly morphological characteristics of the “lower invertebrate pleated septate junction” we can add to the hypothesis that chaetognaths are not related to the molluscs and arthropods.
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  • 59
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Enteroendocrine cells ; Pancreatic endocrine cells ; Gastroenteropancreatic hormones ; Immunocytochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Four immunoreactive endocrine cell types can be distinguished in the pancreatic islets of B. conchonius: insulin-producing B cells, somatostatin-producing A1 (= D) cells, glucagon-producing A2 cells and pancreatic poly-peptide-producing PP cells. The principal islet of this species contains only a few PP cells, while many PP cells are present in the smaller islets. Except for the B cell all pancreatic endocrine cell types are also present in the pancreatic duct. At least six enteroendocrine cell types are present in the gut of B. conchonius: 1. a cell type (I) with small secretory granules, present throughout the intestine, and possibly involved in the regulation of gut motility; 2. a C-terminal gastrin immunoreactive cell, probably producing a caerulein-like peptide; these cells are located at the upper parts of the folds, especially in the proximal part of the intestinal bulb; 3. a met-enkephalin-immunoreactive cell, present throughout the first segment; 4. a glucagon-immunoreactive cell, which is rare in the first segment; 5. a PP-immunoreactive cell, mainly present in the first half of the first segment; 6. an immunoreactive cell, which cannot at present be specified, located in the intestinal bulb. The latter four cell types are mostly located in the basal parts of the folds, although some PP-immunoreactive cells can also be found in the upper parts. Most if not all enteroendocrine cells are of the open type. The possible functions of all enteroendocrine cell types are discussed.
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 226 (1982), S. 327-335 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Xenopus ; Spleen ; B-lymphocyte ; Immunofluorescence ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary An indirect immunofluorescence study of the frozen sections of the spleen of an anuran amphibian, Xenopus laevis, showed that lymphocytes bearing a small amount of immunoglobulin (Ig) were localized mostly in the white pulp of non-immunized toads. There were fewer fluorescent cells in the red pulp. In the toads hyperimmunized with human gamma globulin (HGG), cells with strong cytoplasmic fluorescence increased significantly in the outer part of the white pulp. Electron microscopy of spleens from these toads showed that plasma cells at different stages of maturation were abundant in the white pulp, whereas in the red pulp, a smaller number of maturer plasma cells were observed. These results indicate that, in contrast with its mammalian counterpart, the splenic white pulp of this anuran is the site where thymusin-dependent lymphocytes commence blast formation and transformation into plasma cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 138 (1972), S. 255-264 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Myogenesis ; Cell surface material ; Cell contact ; Culture ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Cell surface material and contact specializations were observed in embryonic chick skeletal muscle cells at early stages (prior to fusion) in monolayer culture. Ruthenium red-staining surface material was largely absent after prior treatment with trypsin. During reorganization into a tissue pattern dense staining amorphous material was seen at the cell surfaces and in the extracellular spaces of clustered cells; the free surface material was clumped, that between the cells more compact. This material appeared to be mucopolysaccharide and could be involved in adhesion. Numerous close junctions (intercellular space, 25–100 Å), as well as occasional focal tight junctions (no apparent intercellular space), were observed between apposed cells. These junctions semmed related to cellular adhesion and perhaps also to electrical coupling.
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 137 (1972), S. 188-199 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Pituitary gland ; Electron microscopy ; Dog
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The parenchymal cells of the pars distalis of the dog adenohypophysis were studied with the electron microscope. Criteria for the differentiation of four cell types included the size and shape of the cells and the size, shape and distribution of organelles and secretory granules. Three secretory granule-containing cells designated as I, II and III were observed. Cell type I was further divided into subtypes (Ia, Ib, Ic) on the basis of the granule size of maximal frequency. A fourth cell type (IV) contained no or only a few secretory granules. It was unique in having a highly irregular shape with cytoplasmic processes extending between the other cell types and also occasionally enclosing follicular cavities.
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 136 (1972), S. 326-335 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Gallbladder ; Electron microscopy ; Epithelium ; Embryology ; Mucopolysaccharides
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The early development of the human gallbladder epithelium was studied in 25 foetuses with crown-rump (CR) lengths from 6.0 to 22.5 cm by light and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The PAS-reaction was used to locate cellular mucosubstances. The development could be devided into previllous and villous stages by light microscopy. The incipient formation of villi was observed in the present material at the 12.5 cm stage. Electron microscopically, three stages of development in the gallbladder epithelial cells were noticed. In the first stage, only one epithelial cell type was found. The microvilli were undeveloped, and there were no secretory granules in the epithelial cells. In the second stage, the epithelial cells contained secretory granules. The other characteristics of this stage were pseudopod-like projections on the apical cell surfaces and development of microvilli into a brush border-like structure. In the third stage, the epithelium showed the same zonal construction as that of the adult gallbladder. The apical surface of the epithelial cell was convex, and the microvilli were well developed. There were no pseudopod-like projections on the apical cell surface. The secretory granules were similar to those seen in the normal epithelial cells of the adult gallbladder. Degenerating cells were sometimes seen in this stage. The PAS-reaction was positive in the second and third stages.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 136 (1972), S. 224-248 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Basket cells ; Synapses ; Electron microscopy ; Golgi method ; Inhibition ; Axons ; Dendrites
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Stellate cells were studied in rapid Golgi preparations and in electron micrographs. These small neurons can be classified on the basis of their position in the molecular layer and the patterns of their dendritic and axonal arborizations as follows: (1) superficial cells with short, contorted dendrites and a circumscribed axonal arbor (upper third of the molecular layer); (2) deep stellate cells with radiating, twisted dendrites and with long axons giving rise to thin, varicose collaterals (middle third of the molecular layer); (3) deep stellate cells with similar dendrites and long axons giving collaterals to the basket around the Purkinje cell bodies (middle third of the molecular layer). An important characteristic of the stellate cell axon is that it generates most of its collaterals close to its origin. Even in long axon cells, only a few collaterals issue from the more distant parts of the axon. These forms contrast with the basket cell, which sends out long, straighter dendrites, and an extended axon that first emits branches at some distance from its origin. Furthermore, basket cell axon collaterals are usually stout in contrast to the frail, beaded collaterals of the stellate cell axon. The two cell types are considered to be distinct. In electron micrographs stellate cells display folded nuclei and sparse cytoplasm with the characteristics usual for small neurons. Mitochondria are often the most conspicuous organelles because of their size and pleomorphism. The dendrites cannot be followed for long distances in thin sections because of their irregular caliber and course. Axons can be recognized on the basis of their appearance in Golgi preparations as short stretches of slender fibers distended at close intervals and running athwart the grid of the parallel fibers. These distensions, full of ovoid or flattened vesicles, synapse on the shafts of Purkinje cell dendrites and also on the dendrites of Golgi cells, basket cells, and other stellate cells. In all cases the synaptic complex occupies about a third of the junctional interface, the synaptic cleft is somewhat widened, and the pre- and postsynaptic dense plaques are thin and almost symmetrical. Varicosities in the parallel fibers synapse with the soma and dendrites of stellate cells. These junctions display a widened synaptic cleft and asymmetrical pre- and postsynaptic densities. Junctions with climbing fibers (Scheibel collaterals) have also been seen. The form of the stellate cell indicates that it plays a role in cerebellar circuitry different from that of the basket cell, although both cells are inhibitory. It is probably concerned with local effects on Purkinje cell dendrites within the field of its afferent parallel fibers.
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 139 (1972), S. 93-105 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Teleost ; Heart ; Cardiogenesis ; Electron microscopy ; Development
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary An electron microscopic study has been made on the development of the heart of the plaice (Pleuronectes platessa L.) by the examination of tissue taken from fish at the stage when the heart-tube has formed right through the larval life and up two months postmetamorphosis. The process of developments of the heart is essentially the same as that in higher vertebrates but there are certain minor sequential differences with comparable chick tissue. By day 24 (ten days after hatching) the “early larval” heart has formed which is a trilaminar structure — a layer of myocardium bounded internally by endocardium and externally by epicardium. This condition lasts until the 4a (Ryland) stage with the onset of endocardial invagination into the myocardium which is the criterion distinguishing the “late larval” heart. The “late larval” heart lasts throughout metamorphosis of the larva and until two months post-metamorphosis when the total adult heart is assumed. Thus the process of cardiogenesis continues irrespective of hatching and of metamorphosis. This study supports the concept that the epicardium is derived from an extramyocardial source. No results are presented concerning the theory that, in its earliest stages, the myocardium has a secretory function in the production of cardiac jelly, or of myofibrillogenesis in the Teleost myoblast. Stellar configurations of short lengths of newly formed sarcomeres commonly radiate out from Z centres in early myocytes and it is suggested that this is a primitive feature of Teleost myogenesis. There is also a proliferation of mitochondria within the myocardial cells at metamorphosis which may be connected to the subsequent fast growth of the heart in the succeeding two months.
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 244 (1972), S. 273-275 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Schlagwort(e): Mongolian spot ; Blue naevus ; Melanocytes of connective tissue ; Electron microscopy ; Histochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 244 (1972), S. 524-526 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Schlagwort(e): Electron microscopy ; Allergic contact dermatitis ; Lymphocytes ; Macrophages
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 244 (1972), S. 536-540 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Schlagwort(e): Collagen and auto-immune diseases ; Endoplasmatic tubular structures ; Paramyxovirus-like-structures ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 244 (1972), S. 540-542 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Schlagwort(e): Argyria ; Electron microscopy ; Basallamina ; Elastica ; Skin appendages
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 50 (1972), S. 552-556 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Schlagwort(e): Plasma cells ; Filaments ; Bence-Jones Plasmocytoma ; Synthesis of immunoglobulins ; Electron microscopy ; Plasmazellen ; Filamente ; Bence-Jones Plasmocytom ; Immunglobulinsynthese ; Elektronenmikroskopie
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Plasmazellen einer Patientin mit einem Bence-Jones Plasmocytom (BJP) gutartigen Verlaufs zeigten im Ergastoplasma zylindrische Formationen, die aus granuliertem Reticulum und Grundplasma bestehen. In den Grundplasmaschichten liegen zirkulär geordnete filamentöse Strukturen verschiedener Ausprägung. Bei starker Entwicklung des filamentösen Materials bilden sich kristallgitterartige Gefüge. Die Strukturen im Grundplasma sind nur nach doppelter Fixierung in Aldehyden und Osmiumtetroxyd zu erkennen. Sie waren nicht in Plasmazellen 4 weiterer Patienten mit anderen Myelomtypen nachweisbar. Die Beobachtungen werden in bezug auf die Biosynthese der Immunglobuline diskutiert.
    Notizen: Summary The ground substance of plasma cells of a Bence-Jones plasmocytoma with benign clinical course in a 55 year old female patient showed “cylindrical” formations composed of rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and ground substance. In the ground substance filamentous structures can be seen, sometimes showing a crystalline pattern. The filaments can only be demonstrated after double fixation in aldehydes and osmium tetroxyde. In the plasma cells of four patients with myeloma other than Bence-Jones plasmocytoma, similar structures could not be demonstrated. This observation is discussed regarding the biosynthesis of immunoglobulins.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 123 (1972), S. 47-54 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Neurosecretion ; Neurohypophysis ; Exocytosis ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung 1. Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen an der Neurohypophyse von Ratte und Forelle ergeben, daß sich eine Exocytose von Elementargranula an den Endigungen der neurosekretorischen Fasern nur selten abspielt. Es wird daher angenommen, daß die Abgabe von Hormonen in der Neurohypophyse in der Regel nach dem Muster des „membrane-release“ abläuft. 2. Die Exocytose wird nicht durch eine unmittelbare tangentiale Fusion der Membran des Elementargranulums mit dem Plasmalemm der Nervenendigung (Axolemm) eingeleitet. Vor allem bei Anwendung eines Goniometertisches wird erkennbar, daß vor der Exocytose zwischen Axolemm und Membran des Granulums eine Verbindung in Gestalt eines Stieles entsteht. Die Länge dieses Verbindungsstückes entspricht etwa 2 Axolemmdicken. An der Basis des Stiels im Axolemm tritt das Stoma auf, durch das der Inhalt des Granulums bzw. dieses selbst das Axonende verläßt. 3. Die Herkunft kleiner membrannaher Vesikel (Durchmesser 500 Å) in den Endigungen neurosekretorischer Nervenfasern in der Neurohypophyse konnte nicht geklärt werden. Anzeichen einer kompensatorischen Endocytose im Sinne von Nagasawa, Douglas und Schulz (1970) wurden nicht beobachtet.
    Notizen: Summary 1. Electron microscopical investigations of the neurohypophysis in rat and trout reveal that exocytosis of neurosecretory elementary granules from the nerve endings occurs only rarely. The authors are of the opinion that hormone release in the neural lobe follows mainly the “membrane-release” pattern. 2. Exocytosis is not performed by tangential fusion of the elementary granule membrane and the plasmalemma of the nerve ending (axolemma). Administering the goniometer technique one can observe the appearance of a stalk-like structure connecting the two membranes. The basis of the stalk in the axolemma corresponds to the site of the stoma through which the core of the vesicle leaves the nerve ending. 3. The mechanism of the origin of small clear vesicles (diameter 500 Å approx.) near the axolemma of the neurosecretory terminal has not been elucidated. The authors did not observe equivalents of a compensatory endocytosis in the vicinity of granules released by exocytosis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 126 (1972), S. 348-362 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Neurones ; Lumbricus ; Monoamines ; Neurosecretion ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The cerebral ganglion and the ventral nerve cord of Lumbricus terrestris have been studied with the electron microscope. The results are as follows: In the neuropile small granular vesicles (300 to 500 Å) occur in some varicose nerve fibres after fixation with potassium permanganate. This indicates the presence of noradrenaline. Sometimes only a few of the vesicles produce a positive reaction. After incubation with α-methyl-noradrenaline the numbers of nerve terminals with small granular vesicles greatly increase, indicating the presence of dopamine and/or 5-hydroxytryptamine. In this case the reaction is now complete. The number of small granular vesicles is largest in the terminal swellings. These findings are consistent with histofluorescence, chemical, and microspectrofluorometric analyses, which have demonstrated noradrenaline, dopamine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine in neurones in the central nervous system. Large granular vesicles (600 to 900 Å) are to be found in some perikarya, not identical with neurosecretory cell bodies. In this case the granular vesicles in the axon are smaller and fewer. This indicates a simultaneous proximo-distal transport and gradual decrease in size of the granular vesicles. The intraneuronal distribution of the vesicles is in agreement with the distribution of the fluorophores in the fluorescent neurones. Neurosecretory neurones are found most likely not to contain monoamines.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 126 (1972), S. 431-436 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Golgi apparatus ; Granular endoplasmic reticulum ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Numerous morphological continuities between the cisternae of the convex face of the Golgi apparatus and the granular endoplasmic reticulum (GER) were observed in post-division amebae that had divided following enucleation and renucleation. Electron microscopic radioautography with the use of 3H-uridine as a tracer indicated that perhaps the Golgi apparatus is derived from the GER. The possibility of the connections between GER and Golgi apparatus facilitating transport of materials between the two is also discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 126 (1972), S. 466-482 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Macrophages ; Microtubules ; Enamel organ ; Rat ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In the enamel organ of rat incisors macrophages are present in the zone of matrix formation, the transitional zone, the enamel maturation and pigmentation zone. The macrophages accumulate adjacent to redifferentiating amelocytes in the transitional zone. The macrophages phagocytize fragments of disintegrating amelocytes. In addition to the well known complement of organelles the macrophages present an elaborated microtubular system, scattered, thick filaments, a cortical feltwork of thin filaments, and spherical nuclear bodies. The microtubules emanate from “attached” and free pericentriolar satellites and radiate aster-like towards the cell surface or into pseudopods or curve along the nuclear surface for long distances, often related to nuclear constrictions. It is suggested that the microtubular system plays a prominent role in directional movement of the macrophages. The cortical filaments, if contractile, may create the cytoplasmic flow necessary for the cell motility.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 127 (1972), S. 116-126 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Cell junctions ; Nexus ; Osmotic effects ; Fixatives ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Speicheldrüsen von Mückenlarven (Chironomus Thummi) haben eine ausgedehnte interzelluläre Kommunikation. In elektronenmikroskopischen Bildern der Speicheldrüsen wurden zwei Arten von interzellulären Verbindungen gefunden, die für die Zellkopplung verantwortlich sein könnten: septate junctions und close membrane junctions. Da die räumliche Ausdehnung der septate junctions viel größer zu sein scheint als die der close junctions, wurden erstere als wahrscheinliche Kopplungsstrukturen angesehen. Es gibt jedoch Hinweise, daß die Strukturen, welche die Zellkopplung bewirken, sehr labil sind. Unter den Faktoren, die zu einer Unterbrechung der zellulären Kommunikationen führen können, sind auch osmotische Effekte. Um mögliche Einflüsse dieser Art auf die Ultrastruktur zu verhindern, wurden die Drüsen für die mikroskopische Inspektion in isoosmotischen Lösungen fixiert. Unter diesen Bedingungen lassen sich ausgedehnte Membrankontakte vom nexus-Typ zwischen den Drüsenzellen erkennen. Ihre Ausdehnung scheint ebenso groß zu sein wie die der septate junctions. Es besteht nach diesen Befunden die Möglichkeit, daß wie in anderen kommunizierenden Zellsystemen, so auch in Speicheldrüsen die interzelluläre Kommunikation durch nexus bewirkt wird.
    Notizen: Summary Cells ofChironomus salivary glands communicate through intercellular connections of high permeability. Electron micrographs of salivary glands show two kinds of junctions between the membranes of adjacent cells, which may be responsible for cell coupling: septate junctions and close membrane junctions. A large fraction of lateral cell surfaces is occupied by septate junctions, while the area of close membrane junctions appears to be very small. Consequently septate junctions have been considered as likely sites for intercellular coupling. There are however some indications that intercellular communication is provided by structures which seem to be unstable. As osmotic effects are among the factors which can disrupt cellular communications, we have tried to eliminate possible effects of the fixing solutions on the ultrastructure of intercellular connections by using isoosmotic fixatives. Under these conditions large regions of close membrane junctions of the nexus kind have been observed to occur between gland cells. They are of similar size as septate junctions. It seems to be possible that as in other communicating cell systems nexus could be the sites for intercellular coupling of salivary gland cells.
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 127 (1972), S. 526-544 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Synapses ; Crustacea ; Abdominal Ganglia ; Lateral glant fibers ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The abdominal ganglia of the crayfish Astacus pallipes contain numerous vertebrate-like synapses which are characterized by presynaptic vesicles, darkened pre- and post-synaptic membranes, cleft material, and post-synaptic “fuzz”. Such synapses occur throughout the ganglia but are most easily found dorsally, where the neuropile is relatively coarse. The neuropile is far from homogeneous. Regional variations in fiber size, in degree of profile tortuosity, and in kind, magnitude, and distribution of vesicular content result in conspicuous textural variations. The structural polarity of synapses between the lateral giant fibers and other neurons is consistent with known physiological polarity and, hence, validates our criteria for recognition of synapses within the ganglion.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 128 (1972), S. 42-57 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Microglia ; Pericytes ; Cerebral cortex (cat) ; Transformation ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Capillaries, pericytes and microglial cells in layer I of the cerebral cortex of normal adult cats have been studied with electron microscopy. The data obtained in this study show that pericytes are cells which are able to transform themselves into microglial cells by virtue of an activation process in which the astrocytic neuroglia appears to play a decisive role. By virtue of its structure, its mesodermic origin and its function the microglia has to be distinguished clearly from the astrocytic neuroglia and the oligodendroglia.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 128 (1972), S. 100-114 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Connective tissue ; Gastropoda ; Globular cells ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Die Blasenzellen stellen ein typisches Zellelement im Bindegewebe der Gastropoden dar. Licht- und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen an Cepaea nemoralis haben gezeigt, daß der größte Teil einer Blasenzelle mit einer veränderlichen Glykogenmenge angefüllt ist. Diese zentrale Glykogenansammlung verdrängt das Zytoplasma mit seinen Organellen auf den peripheren Bereich der Zelle einschließlich der Zellausläufer und einen schmalen Saum um den Zellkern. Das wichtigste Identifizierungs-merkmal der Blasenzelle ist eine sehr spezialisierte — hier als Spaltenapparat bezeichnete — Oberflächendifferenzierung. Die Auswertung von Serienschnitten hat gezeigt, daß diese Oberflächenstruktur durch eine zum Teil verzweigte Invagination des extrazellulären Raumes gebildet wird, die wiederum von der Blasenzelle durch eine mäanderförmig unterbrochene Platte abgedeckt ist. Zwischen dem Spaltenapparat der Blasenzellen und dem Reusenapparat der Podozyten der Niere scheint eine Ähnlichkeit zu bestehen.
    Notizen: Summary The globular cells are typical elements of the connective tissue of Gastropods. Light- and electronmicroscopic investigations of Cepaea nemoralis have shown, that these cells are filled with variable contents of glycogen, accumulated in the centre of the cell. This crowds the cytoplasm and the cell organelles into the peripheral area, including the cell processes and a narrow band surrounding the nucleus. The typical element of the globular cell is a special differentiation of the cell surface, the so-called “Spaltenapparat”. The three-dimensional organisation of the “Spaltenapparat” has been analysed by serial ultrathin sections. The reconstruction shows, that the “Spaltenapparat” consists of numerous branched invaginations of the extracellular space covered by very small, winding cell processes; there are tiny clefts between them. There appears to be some similarity between the “Spaltenapparat” of the globular cells and the pedicels of the podocytes of the renal glomerulus.
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 128 (1972), S. 135-138 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Spinal cord ; Mouse ; Myelinated neuronal soma ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Im Thorakalmark (Hinterhornbereich) einer Wildmaus wurde ein kleines Nervenzellperikaryon beobachtet, das vollständig von einer Markscheide umhüllt war. Die Zahl der Markscheidenlamellen variierte zwischen 7 und 12. An einer Stelle konnte ein sogenanntes inneres Mesoperikaryon nachgewiesen werden. Die Bedeutung dieses zufällig erhobenen Befundes ist vorerst noch offen.
    Notizen: Summary In the thoracic cord (posterior horn region) of a wild mouse, we have observed a small nerve cell soma completely enveloped by a myelin sheath. The number of myelin lamellae varied between 7 and 12. In one place, the existence of an inner ‘mesoperikaryon’ could also be shown. The significance of this fortuitous finding has not yet been explained.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 126 (1972), S. 53-74 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Oogenesis ; Rhesus monkey ; Meiotic chromosomes ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The ovaries of foetal and neonatal rhesus monkeys have been examined with the electron microscope. The fine structure of the germ cells (oogonia; oocytes at the preleptotene, leptotene, zygotene, pachytene and diplotene stages of meiotic prophase) closely resembles that of corresponding human cells. Stages in spontaneous atresia are also described. Cytoplasmic organelles in oogonia are sparse and are grouped mainly at one pole of the nucleus, but become dispersed and more abundant as oogenesis proceeds. The nuclei of oogonia contain a random fibrillar matrix which becomes organized into threads at pre-leptotene. At leptotene these chromosomal threads each contain a dense axial “core”; during zygotene they become loosely paired in a “bouquet” arrangement and at pachytene the bivalents contain synaptinemal complexes. “Single” cores reappear at diplotene, surrounded by a complex fibrillar sheath organized into lateral projections and loops with associated granules: such chromosomes resemble those in human primordial oocytes although they are more diffuse. These findings support the view that at the diplotene stage mammalian oocytes contain chromosomes of the lampbrush type. Observations on the monkey are compared with those on other species, and the ways in which chromosomal organization may influence the radiosensitivity of oocytes is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 129 (1972), S. 1-10 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Spermatogonia ; Fish ; Annulate lamellae ; Chromatoid bodies ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Observations on annulate lamellae and chromatoid bodies in spermatogonia of the cyprinid fish Pimephales notatus have revealed several commonly occurring features heretofore unreported: These include (a) the presence of annulate lamellae in close association with chromatoid bodies; (b) the existence of a chromatoid “band” or “shell” between the nuclear envelope and some chromatoid bodies with connections among them; (c) the presence of annulate pore complexes in the absence of well developed membrane envelopes as well as in association with such envelopes; (d) the presence of material just outside the nucleus and contiguous with nuclear pores which is of a similar density and texture to that of the chromatoid bands and chromatoid bodies; (e) filamentous material between the cytoplasmic sides of nuclear pores and the chromatoid “band”, bridging a distance of approximately 1000 Å and similar threads extending a like distance between chromatoid bodies (and bands) and annulate lamellae associated with them; and (f) mitochondria closely arranged about some chromatoid bodies.
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 127 (1972), S. 127-148 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Nuclear envelope ; Amphibian oocytes ; Nuclear pore complex ; Chemical nature ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In order to investigate the chemical composition of the nuclear pore complexes isolated nuclei from matureXenopus laevis oocytes were manually fractioned into nucleoplasmic aggregates and the nuclear envelopes. The whole isolation procedure takes no more than 60–90 sec, and the pore complexes of the isolated envelopes are well preserved as demonstrated by electron microscopy. Minor nucleoplasmic and cytoplasmic contaminations associated with the isolated nuclear envelopes were determined with electron microscopic morphometry and were found to be quantitatively negligible as far as their mass and nucleic acid content is concerned. The RNA content of the fractions was determined by direct phosphorus analysis after differential alkaline hydrolysis. Approximately 9% of the total nuclear RNA of the matureXenopus egg was found to be attached to the nuclear envelope. The nonmembranous elements of one pore complex contain 0.41×10−16 g RNA. This value agrees well with the content estimated from morphometric data. The RNA package density in the pore complexes (270×10−15 g/μ3) is compared with the nucleolar, nucleoplasmic and cytoplasmic RNA concentration and is discussed in context with the importance of the pore complexes for the nucleo-cytoplasmic transport of RNA-containing macromolecules. Additionally, the results of the chemical analyses as well as of the3H-actinomycin D autoradiography and of the nucleoprotein staining method of Bernhard (1969) speak against the occurence of considerable amounts of DNA in the nuclear pore complex structures.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 127 (1972), S. 50-86 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Salivary glands ; Drosophila, larval ; Differentiation ; Involution ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Die Entwicklung bzw. Differenzierung der larvalen Speicheldrüse vonDrosophila melanogaster wurde an genau datierten Altersstadien aus dem III. Larvenstadium, der Vorpuppe und der Puppe mit lichtmikroskopischen und elektronenmikroskopischen Methoden untersucht. Zur Vermeidung großer Streuung im physiologischen Alter der Tiere wurde eine Kulturmethode entwickelt, die es erlaubt, die Häutungen zu beobachten und zur Altersbestimmung heranzuziehen. Folgende Ergebnisse wurden erzielt: 1. Die Speicheldrüse besteht bis zur Mitte des III. Larvenstadiums morphologisch aus einem einheitlichen Zelltypus, der sehr kleine Sekretgrana (∅ 0,3 μm) bildet. Diese sammeln sich am Zellapex. Die Vermutung liegt nahe, daß es sich um ein Verdauungssekret handelt.In der 2. Hälfte des III. Larvenstadiums differenzieren sich drei Zelltypen, die hier Corpuszellen, Übergangszellen und Halszellen genannt werden. Dabei ist ein Differenzierungsgradient von distal nach proximal zu beobachten. Die distal gelegenenCorpuszellen stellen die Bildung des Verdauungssekretes in der 2. Hälfte des III. Larvenstadiums ein und bilden stattdessen ein Klebesekret. Dieses Sekret wird in Form großer Grana (∅ bis zu 10 μm) zunächst in den Zellen gespeichert und kurz vor der Pupariumbildung ins Lumen der Drüse abgegeben. Kurz nach der Pupariumbildung wird das Klebesekret aus dem Körper entlassen und dient dazu, die Tönnchenpuppe an einem trockenen Substrat anzuheften. Das Klebesekret ist PAS-positiv. Wahrscheinlich handelt es sich um ein Mucoproteid. Während des Vorpuppenstadiums bilden sich in den Corpuszellen große Vakuolen, die auf Grund der elektronenmikroskopischen Befunde als Ausdruck einer weiteren Sekretionsphase und nicht als beginnende Degeneration gedeutet werden. Die mögliche Bedeutung dieses Sekretes wird diskutiert. DieÜbergangszellen liegen zwischen den Corpuszellen und den Halszellen. Sie bilden ebenfalls Klebesekret, jedoch mit zeitlicher Verzögerung. Kurz vor der Pupariumbildung sind sie wie die Corpuszellen mit ausgereiften Klebesekretgrana beladen und von diesen nicht mehr zu unterscheiden. Die proximal gelegenenHalszellen bilden kein Klebesekret, sondern setzen die Bildung des Verdauungssekretes in der 2. Hälfte des III. Larvenstadiums fort. Während des Vorpuppenstadiums bilden sich in den Halszellen nicht die großen Vakuolen wie in den Corpuszellen. 2. Die Involution der larvalen Speicheldrüse erfolgt nach der Puppenhäutung durch Autolyseprozesse, die am distalen Ende der Drüse beginnen und innerhalb 1 Std alle Zellen mit Ausnahme der Imaginalanlage erfassen. 3. Die in dieser Untersuchung erhobenen entwicklungsgeschichtlichen Befunde anDrosophila melanogaster werden mit Beobachtungen anDrosophila virilis, D. robusta undD. hydei verglichen. Dabei wird aufgezeigt, daß die Entwicklung der larvalen Speicheldrüsen von verschiedenenDrosophila-Arten enge Parallelen aufweist. Die bisher bekannten Zusammenhänge zwischen Stoffwechselaktivitäten im Zytoplasma und Genaktivitäten (Puffmuster) an den Riesenchromosomen dieser Zellen werden diskutiert.
    Notizen: Summary The development and differentiation of the larval salivary glands ofDrosophila melanogaster have been investigated with light and electron microscopical methods. The organ has been dissected out of exactly dated stages of the III. instar larva, the prepupa and the early pupa. In order to avoid great variations in the physiological age of the animals a culture method has been developed, enabling the larval molts to be observed and used for identification of the age. The results are as follows: 1. The salivary gland of the early larva up to the middle of the III. instar period is a homogenous sack consisting of one sort of cells, in which very small secretion granules (∅ 0,3 μm) are synthesized. These secretion granules concentrate near the cellular apex. They are supposed to contain digestion enzymes. 2. In the second half of the III. larval instar period three cell types are differentiated, which are called corpus cells, transitional cells and collum cells. A gradient of differentiation from distal to proximal can be observed. 3. Thecorpus cells, located at the distal part of the gland, stop the production of digestion enzymes in the second half of the III. larval instar period and begin to synthesize a cement substance. This cement first is stored in grana (∅ up to 10 μm) inside the corpus cells. Shortly before puparium formation it is extruded into the lumen of the gland. Shortly after puparium formation it is expectorated out of the mouth, runs along the body wall and affixes the puparium to the substrate. The cement is PAS-positive, probably being a mucoproteid. In the corpus cells large vacuoles are formed during the prepupal instar period. On the basis of these electron microscopical results the vacuoles are interpreted to represent another form of a secretory product and not an equivalent of beginning degeneration. The possible function of this substance is discussed. 4. Thetransitional cells are located between the corpus cells and the collum cells. They also synthesize cement at a delayed rate, through shortly before puparium formation they are filled with cement like the corpus cells and cannot be distinguished from the latter. Thecollum cells form the most proximal part of the salivary gland. They do not produce cement but continue to synthesize digestion enzyme granules in the second half of the III. instar period. The large secretion vacuoles, found in the corpus cells during the prepupal instar period, are not synthesized in the collum cells. 5. The involution of the larval salivary gland begins after pupation and is indicated by autolytic processes, which begin at the distal end of the gland. One hour later all cells exept the imaginalanlage show signs of degeneration. 6. The course of development of the salivary glands investigated in the present study inDrosophila melanogaster is compared with similar investigations onDrosophila virilis, robusta andhydei. It is pointed out that the development of the larval salivary gland in different species ofDrosophila shows close parallels. The relationships between metabolic activities in the cytoplasm and gene physiological activities (pattern of puffs) on the giant chromosomes, as known so far, are discussed.
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 130 (1972), S. 70-92 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Oocytes ; Different types ; Dinophilus gyrociliatus ; Cytochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Dinophilus gyrociliatus bildet zwei Oocytentypen, einen größeren, aus dem ♀♀ hervorgehen (♀-Oocyte) und einen kleineren, der sich zu ♂♂ entwickelt (♂-Oocyte). Diese beiden Oocytentypen sind von frühen Stadien der Vitellogenese an durch ihr unterschiedliches Größenwachstum zu unterscheiden. Da bei Oogonien und prävitellogenen Oocyten keine zwei unterschiedlichen Zelltypen festzustellen sind, muß man annehmen, daß die Differenzierung in ♂- und ♀-Oocyten in einem zwischen der Prävitellogenese- und der Vitellogenesephase gelegenen Übergangsstadium beginnt. Während der Prävitellogenesephase finden Zellverschmelzungen statt, aber es konnten keine Beziehungen zwischen der Fusion von Oocyten und der späteren Differenzierung nachgewiesen werden. Die ♂-Oocyte beginnt schon auf einem frühen Stadium der Vitellogenese mit der Produktion von Mucopolysaccharid-Granula, die ♀-Oocyte erst später. Diese Granula bilden nach der Ablage der Eier die Ei- oder die Kokonhülle. Die ♀-Oocyte bildet größere Proteindottergranula als die kleinere ♂-Oocyte. Eine Trennung zweier Zellsorten nach Granulagrößen läßt sich schon auf dem Übergangsstadium durchführen. Der absolute RNS-Gehalt der reifen ♀-Oocyte liegt wesentlich über dem der ♂-Oocyte; dagegen ist die Konzentration der RNS in der ♂-Oocyte höher. Die RNS-Synthese verläuft in beiden Oocytentypen parallel zur Volumenzunahme und dauert bis zum Ende der Vitellogenesephase.
    Notizen: Summary Dinophilus gyrociliatus produces two types of oocytes, a big, female producing “♀-oocyte”, and a smaller, male-producing “♂-oocyte”. They may be distinguished by their different volume from the beginning of the vitellogenic phase. Neither oogonia nor previtellogenic oocytes show two types of cells, and the beginning of differentiation in ♀-oocytes and ♂-oocytes has to be located in a connecting stage after the previtellogenic and before the vitellogenic phase. On previtellogenic stages the cells fuse and form bigger ones, but there is no connection to be found with the differentiation of the egg cells. The ♂-oocyte starts the production of mucopolysaccharid granules at an early vitellogenic stage; the ♀-oocyte does so only at later stages. These granules form the egg capsule after the eggs have been laid. The ♀-oocyte contains bigger protein yolk granules than the smaller ♂-oocyte. Already on the connecting stage it is possible to distinguish two groups of cells by the size of their granules. The ribonucleic acid content in the ♀-oocyte exceeds greatly that of the ♂-oocyte. The RNA-concentration, however, is higher in the latter one. During the vitellogenic stages the rate of RNA-synthesis in either type of oocytes parallels the increase in cell volume, the synthesis lasting up to the end of the vitellogenic phase.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 131 (1972), S. 417-427 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Lymphatic vessels ; Lung ; Centrioles ; Filaments ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary An electron microscopic study of the pulmonary lymphatic collecting channels and their valves in the rabbit revealed that the endothelial cells generally contain two centrioles which are almost invariably associated with one to several striated bundles of filaments. The structure of the centrioles corresponds well with that in other cell types. The filaments however were present only in endothelial cells and not in the perilymphatic connective tissue cells. The bundles consist of 2 to 6 filaments of about 40 Å diamenter and show a cross banding with a periodicity of 600 to 900 Å. They are attached at both ends or in the middle of the centriole. Their function is unknown, but they might be vestigial rootlets of rudimentary cilia of lymphatic endothelial cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 132 (1972), S. 365-380 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Golgi apparatus ; Membranes ; Cross-bridges ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Electron opaque cross-bridge structures span the inter- and intracisternal spaces and provide membrane-to-membrane connections between adjacent cisternae of dictyosomes of pollen tubes ofClivia andLilium. Additionally, the classic intercisternal rods, characteristic of intercisternal regions near the maturing face of dictyosomes, are connected with the adjacent membranes through similar cross-bridge elements. We suggest that these structural links are responsible for maintaining the flattened appearance of the central parts of Golgi apparatus cisternac as well as for the coherence of cisternae within the stack. Observations on other plant (e.g. microsporocytes ofCanna) and animal cells (e.g. rodent liver and hepatoma cells, newt spermatocytes) show that such an array of membrane cross-links is a universal feature of Golgi apparatus architecture. The cross-bridges appear as part of the complex “zone of exclusion” which surrounds dictyosomes, entire Golgi apparatus and Golgi apparatus equivalents in a variety of cell types.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 130 (1972), S. 243-248 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Blood vessels ; Chicken embryo ; Multivesicular structures ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung In verschiedenen Arten von Gefäß- und Mesenchymzellen in Allantois und Dottersack des Hühnchens wurden regelmäßig sog. „multivesicular structures“ beobachtet, die aus intrazellulären Aggregaten von Vesikeln (Durchmesser ca.: 800 Å) und/oder Vakuolen (Durchmesser bis 5000 Å) bestehen. Ähnliche Befunde anderer Autoren und die eigenen Ergebnisse sprechen dafür, daß es sich um das Substrat einer weitverbreiteten Zellreaktion handelt, die u.a. das morphologische Äquivalent der Sequestrierung eines z.B. im Zuge der Zelldifferenzierung überflüssig gewordenen Zytoplasmaanteils darstellt.
    Notizen: Summary In the endothelial, the media and mesenchymal cells of the vessels in the chicken's allantoic and vitelline membranes “multivesicular structure” regularly occur. They consist of aggregated vesicles and/or vacuoles (diameters ranging from 800 Å to 5000 Å) and seem to present a rather common and widespread cellular reaction, that might serve as a mechanism to sequester those parts of the cytoplasm which became superfluous e.g. during cell differentiation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 130 (1972), S. 338-350 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Adenohypophysis ; Salmon ; Gonad maturation ; Cell types ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The fine structure of the various hormone-producing cell types (with the exclusion of the prolactin cells) in the pituitary gland (pars distalis) of migratory sockeye salmon is described. All fish were in an advanced stage of sexual maturation. In the proximal pars distalis five cell types were distinguished: growth hormone cells, ACTH cells, gonadotrops, “vesicular cells”, and “chromophobe cells”. Gonadotrops were also found throughout the rostral pars distalis. A conspicuous feature of the gonadotrops was the presence of two kinds of secretory inclusions: small electron-dense granules (200–375 mμ) and large, relatively electron-translucent globules (400–2 000 mμ). The large vesicular cells, so called because of their conspicuous vesicular endoplasmic reticulum, were numerous and often appeared to contain some small granules. It is argued that they may represent a second type of gonadotropic cell, which, in earlier stages of gonad development, contains many granules but becomes largely degranulated near the time of reproduction when the other gonadotrops (“globular gonadotrops”) abound. The chromophobes, which were smaller and far less abundant than the vesicular cells, also appeared to contain small granules (120–280 mμ). They are probably thyrotrops.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 131 (1972), S. 347-370 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Spermatozoon ; Pleurodeles ; Acrosome ; Differentiation ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé L'origine et la morphogenèse des différents éléments de l'acrosome du spermatozoīde dePleurodeles waltlii ont été suivies et décrites depuis le tout début de la spermiogenèse. La formation de la vésicule acrosomienne et son évolution en une coiffe acrosomienne se fait selon le schéma classique. Son extrémité apicale se différencie tardivement en un bouton terminal et un crochet. Les trois parties de la coiffe diffèrent dans leur composition et leur structure fine. Les volumineux et complexes éléments situés sous la coiffe acrosomienne: axe, baguette puis manchon périphérique et manchon moyen, sont dépourvus de polysaccharides. Leur origine est envisagées. Ils sont comparés aux éléments situés dans l'espace sous-acrosomien des spermatozoīdes des autres vertébrés.
    Notizen: Summary The origin and the morphogenesis of the acrosome different parts ofPleurodeles spermatozoon, have been investigated and described from the early beginning spermiogenesis process. The acrosomal vesicle and acrosomal cap formation take place according to the classical scheme. The acrosomal anterior tip cap late differentiate in a blunt terminal knob and a hook. The three cap parts differ in their composition and fine structure. The large and complicated structure stretching under the acrosomal cap: axis, peripheral muff and middle muff, are devoided of polysaccharides; their origin is discussed. They are compared with the subacrosomal components lying in the other vertebrates spermatozoon subacrosomal space.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 135 (1972), S. 211-228 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Osteoclasts ; Rats ; Bone resorption ; Lysosomes ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Osteoclasts in metaphyses from young rats were systematically sectioned at different levels. Two types of osteoclasts were recognized. One type had no ruffled border while the other, and predominant type contained a ruffled border in a part of its length; some of the latter contained two ruffled borders. The closest contact between osteoclast and bone occurred at the level of the ruffled border and this bone under the border showed characteristic changes indicative of resorption. In some osteoclasts the ruffled border consisted of numerous slender cytoplasmic projections separated by very narrow spaces or channels while in other osteoclasts it was more open. The ruffled border was commonly surrounded by a transitional zone containing numerous thin filaments. The osteoclast usually had its greatest dimension at the level of the ruffled border and the cytoplasm here contained many bodies and vacuoles but a sparse endoplasmic reticulum. Away from the level of the ruffled border the cytoplasmic vacuoles and bodies were fewer while the endoplasmic reticulum was often more pronounced. Parts of the osteoclasts were usually situated close to a vessel. It is suggested that there is a correlation between the development of the ruffled border and the degree of bone resorption and that osteoclasts without a ruffled border are, at least temporarily, inactive with respect to bone resorption. The numerous cytoplasmic bodies, interpreted as lysosomes, are presumed to be important in the resorption process. The closely adjacent positioning of osteoclasts and vessels may facilitate the transport of resorption products to the blood.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 133 (1972), S. 82-102 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Echinoidea ; Colour change ; Chromatophores ; Amoeboid movement ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Für den physiologischen Farbwechsel bei Vertebraten und Evertebraten gilt die Vorstellung, daß eine Pigmentbewegung innerhalb einer formkonstanten Zelle stattfindet. Am Seeigel Centrostephanus longispinus wird nun der Nachweis einer amoeboiden Bewegung von Pigmentzellen geführt: Die Epidermis von Centrostephanus enthält große braune Chromatophoren, die bei Belichtung eine Pigmentdispersion, bei Verdunkelung eine Konzentration des Pigments zeigen. Die Chromatophoren sind außerordentlich stark verzweigte Zellen, deren Arme dicht mit Pigmentgrana erfüllt sind. Im geballten Zustand ist die allgemeine Zellform mehr oder weniger ovoid, wobei die Zellarme eingezogen und dicht um die Zellmitte angeordnet sind. Dispersion des Pigments wird hervorgerufen durch Ausstrecken der pigmentierten Zellarme in den Interzellularraum des umgebenden Gewebes. Innerhalb der Zelle werden filamentöse Elemente nachgewiesen, die vermutlich für die Zellbeweglichkeit verantwortlich sind. — Ferner wird der zelluläre Aufbau des Integuments beschrieben.
    Notizen: Summary Rapid colour changes in vertebrate and invertebrate species are considered to be due to movement of pigment granules within pigment cells of constant shape. Evidence is presented in this study to show that an amoeboid movement of chromatophores occurs in the epidermis of the Echinoderm Centrostephanus longispinus. The epidermis in this species contains large brown chromatophores, which display a dispersion of pigment on illumination and its concentration on darkening. The chromatophores are extensively branched cells, and their branches are densely packed with pigment granules. In the state of pigment concentration, the shape of the cell is more or less ovoid, and the cell branches are drawn in and closely arranged around the cell centre. Dispersion is attained by a stretching out of the pigmented cell branches into the intercellular spaces of the surrounding tissue. Within the cell, filamentous elements, which may be functional in the motility of the pigment cell, can be demonstrated.—Additionally the cellular composition of the integument is described.
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  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 135 (1972), S. 439-448 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Neuromuscular junction ; Triturus ; Colchicine ; Axoplasmic flow ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Repeated injections of colchicine into the forearms of normal adult newts led to the disappearance of microtubules within some nerves and a concomitant loss of specialized morphological features at the neuromuscular junction. Within 2 weeks, the postsynaptic folds decreased in height and number, became flattened and eventually disappeared. In addition, nerve terminals in drug-treated animals became separated from the muscle surface and were highly congested with masses of synaptic vesicles. The present findings show that colchicine has an effect on the structural integrity of the neuromuscular junction. These effects could be direct; secondary to retraction of the nerve from the muscle surface; or the result of interference with the proper transport and/or release of neurotrophic substances.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 135 (1972), S. 449-459 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Insect brain ; Neurons ; Glia ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The fine structure of the neural sheath, glial cells and nerve cells in the brain of adult male houseflies is described. The neural sheath is composed of neural lamella and perineurium. The neural lamella consists of an external lamina and collagen-like fibrils which are embedded in an amorphous matrix. The perineurial cells form a continuous layer around the brain. On their inner surface, perineurial cells form junctional complexes with glial cell processes. A cortical cellular layer composed of neurons and glial cells surrounds the centrally located neuropil. Three types of glial cells are identified. Glial cells differ in size and in relative development and distribution of organelles. Thin processes of glioplasm completely surround the cell bodies of the neurons. Five types of neurons are described. Most of the neurons are monopolar, a few are bipolar.
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  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 135 (1972), S. 461-471 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Centriole assembly ; Basal bodies ; Ciliogenesis ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Electron microscopy of 16 to 18 day old chick tracheas revealed that procentrioles are present near the basal ends of the recently matured centrioles and basal bodies of both ciliating and ciliated cells. Cylinders 0.1 μ in outside diameter in which densely staining walls and a central axial filament can often be detected, are present between the mature centrioles and these procentrioles. These cylinders although somewhat shorter are morphologically similar to those found earlier in the same cells in the center of procentriole clusters. So far, only one procentriole has been found in association with each cylinder and only one cylinder in association with each mature centriole or basal body. Procentrioles up to 0.18 μ in length including some with singlet microtubules in their walls have been detected. Serial sectioning indicated that in some cells up to 8% of the mature centrioles and basal bodies were associated with a cylinder and a distinct procentriole. If these procentrioles were to mature they could provide additional basal bodies for cilia after the initial wave of centriole assembly and maturation has been completed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 125 (1972), S. 88-107 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Adenohypophysis ; Bufo bufo ; Cell differentiation ; Larval growth ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Cinq types de cellules granulées se différencient au cours de la métamorphose dans la pars distalis de l'hypophyse du têtard de Crapaud. A la prémétamorphose apparaissent les deux types de cellules protidiques, les cellules glycoprotidiques de type II et des cellules glycoprotidiques d'un type intermédiaire. Cette dernière catégorie cellulaire disparaît au climax. A la prométamorphose se différencient les cellules glycoprotidiques de type IV. Au climax s'observent les cellules glycoprotidiques de type III. Les cellules glycoprotidiques de type II sont vraisemblablement responsables de la sécrétion de l'hormone thyréotrope (TSH). Il n'est pas encore possible de préciser la fonction des autres types cellulaires. Des fibres nerveuses ont pu être observées dans la pars distalis entre les cellules granulées.
    Notizen: Summary Five granulated cell types can be distinguished in the Toad's pars distalis during larval growth. During premetamorphosis the two types of protidic cells appear, the glycoprotein containing cells of type II and an intermediary cell type which disappears during the climax. During prometamorphosis the glycoprotein cells of type IV are apparent. During the climax the glycoprotein cells of type III can be observed. The glycoprotein containing cells of type II probably produce the thyroid-stimulating-hormone (TSH). The function of the other cell types can not be specified for the moment. Nervous fibers have been observed in the pars distalis between granulated cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 125 (1972), S. 289-294 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Accessory optic system ; Rat ; Blood vessels ; Extracellular space ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Two types of capillaries were found in the medial terminal nucleus of the rat accessory optic system. Type one capillaries are surrounded by glial processes and lack a perivascular space, whereas the type two capillaries and arterioles show a distinct extracellular perivascular space often filled with collagen fibrils. An internal as well as an external basal lamina lines these spaces. No fenestration of the endothelium was observed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 125 (1972), S. 415-431 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Synapses ; Rat ; Cerebral cortex ; Glutaraldehyde/E-PTA ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Synaptic junctions in intact rat cerebral cortex have been examined following glutaraldehyde fixation and phosphotungstic acid (PTA) staining. In the presynaptic ending the network has a hexagonal arrangement, while the dense projections are regularly placed along the presynaptic membrane. Cleft densities occupy the intracleft region. The postsynaptic thickening extends uninterrupted along the length of the junction. Qualitatively, the majority of junctions fall into the ‘discontinuous-continuous’ category, in which the internal coat of the presynaptic membrane together with its associated dense projections is discontinuous along the length of the junction, whereas the postsynaptic thickening is continuous. By contrast, a small number of junctions are ‘continuous-continuous’. In an attempt to analyze the junctions quantitatively, nine indices were measured. Histograms of the size distributions of seven of these appear to be bimodal, and from this it is concluded that two junction populations may be distinguishable on quantitative grounds. It is also shown that the distance separating dense projections at the presynaptic membrane is of the order of 10–15 nm. This surprisingly low value has consequences for current ideas on the relationship between synaptic vesicles and dense projections, and these are discussed at length.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 125 (1972), S. 404-414 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Renal medulla ; Rat ; Interstitial ground substance ; Fixation ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Das Interstitium des inneren Nierenmarkes von Ratten wurde nach Anwendung verschiedener Fixierungsarten und Versuchsanordnungen elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Neben Bindegewebszellen und kollagenen Fibrillen enthält der interstitielle Raum bandförmige, basalmembranartige Strukturen, in deren weiträumigen Maschen zwei weitere Komponenten, nämlich ein feingranuläres und feinfilamentäres Material sowie kontrastreiche, globuläre Partikel liegen. Diese beiden Formelemente stellen sich bei den verschiedenen Fixierungsarten und Versuchsanordnungen unterschiedlich dar. Bei der feingranulären und feinfilamentären Komponente handelt es sich wahrscheinlich um interstitielles Blutplasma. Diese Deutung wird gestützt durch die morphologische Ähnlichkeit mit dem Blutplasma der Blutgefäße, die unterschiedliche Darstellbarkeit nach Glutardialdehyd-und Formalinfixierung sowie durch die Befunde nach Gefäßperfusion und Nierenvenenstauung. Das Verhalten der globulären Partikel nach OsO4-Einwirkung steht in Einklang mit der schon früher gegebenen Interpretation als präzipitierte saure Mukopolysaccharide. Ihr elektronenoptisches Bild wird im Vergleich zur bekannten makromolekularen Struktur der Mukopolysaccharid-Protein-Moleküle diskutiert.
    Notizen: Summary The interstitial ground substance in the inner medulla of the rat kidney is examined electron microscopically after fixation with various fixation agents and under different experimental conditions. The papillary interstitium contains besides interstitial cells and few collagen fibrils basement membrane like material and two other components, fine granular-fibrillar elements and globular particles with heavy contrast. The appearance of the two latter interstitial components varies according to the different fixation agents used and to the experimental conditions. The fine granular and fine fibrillar material surrounds the globular particles numerously after glutardialdehyde-fixation but scarcely after formaldehyde-fixation. It increases after renal vein occlusion, but is diminished or absent, if the kidney is rinsed bloodfree. These results allow to conclude that this material represents interstitial bloodplasma. The behaviour of the globular particles after OsO4-fixation agrees well with the earlier interpretation according to which they represent precipitated acid mucopolysaccharides. Their electron microscopic appearance is discussed in comparison with the known macromolecular structure of the acid mucopolysaccharides.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 125 (1972), S. 497-505 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Chromatoid bodies ; Spermatozoa ; Cat ; Jensen's ring ; Centriole ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The first indication of differentiation of the Jensen's ring has been detected in an early stage of spermiogenesis of Felis catus Linné when the pair of centrioles takes up a position immediately beneath the plasma membrane. The chromatoid bodies appear in the early spermatid cytoplasm through the nuclear pore complex. In a more advanced stage, such bodies have been found in association with the striated columns, the distal centriole or the proximal part of flagellum and the Jensen's ring. As the spermiogenesis proceeds, the bodies have decreased their size and density, and finally disappear in mature spermatozoa. The chromatoid bodies seem, therefore, to share with the centriole the capacity to form the connecting piece. As a consequence of disorganization of triplet microtubules of the centriole, a noticeable material appears in the center of lumen of the centriole to be identifiable as a distinct precursor of the central pair of axonemal complex. Microtubules are first developed as the sheath of principal piece of the sperm flagellum, originating from the plasma membrane surrounding the axonemal complex.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 124 (1972), S. 72-75 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Erythrocytes ; Monkeys ; Malaria ; Junctional apparatus ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Electron microscopy of erythrocytes infected by the malarial parasite,Plasmodium falciparum, revealed electron dense, cone-shaped excrescences (∼40 mμ in height and ∼100 mμ in width) along the plasma membrane. These excrescences form focal junctions with the plasma membrane of reticular cells of the spleen. The resulting complexes appear to be responsible for sequestration of erythrocytes infected byP. falciparum in the spleen of the host.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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