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  • 1985-1989  (758)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1860-1869
  • 1840-1849
  • 1986  (758)
  • Chemical Engineering  (708)
  • Electron microscopy
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histopathology of otitis media with effusion (1986)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 243 (1986), S. 269-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Otitis media with effusion ; Electron microscopy ; Human temporal bones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural studies of the middle ear mucosa appear to be of significant value in better understanding the pathology of otitis media with effusion (OME). Our present study was undertaken in order to take advantage of the use of electron microscopy in investigating all areas of the middle ear mucosa. Tissues studied were obtained from the fresh postmortem temporal bones of three patients with OME and terminal head and neck malignancies. In the mucoid type of effusion (cases 1 and 2), goblet cells were seen to proliferate and secretory activity was greatly enhanced. In contrast, there was no evidence of secretory cell proliferation in the serous type of effusion. It was noteworthy that accumulated fluid was not homogeneous in the same ear, as exemplified by case 1, in which both mucoid and serous effusions were present. This occurrence was possibly the result of topographic diversity involving the secretory activity of the middle ear.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00464444
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental tympanosclerosis following infection with Streptococcus pyogenes and vitamin D3 intoxication (1986)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 243 (1986), S. 296-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Experimental tympanosclerosis ; Induced calcifications ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A rat animal model was used to study the ultrastructure of submucosal calcifications induced in the middle ear following inoculation with Streptococcus pyogenes and high doses of parenteral vitamin D3. The morphological changes present in affected animals resembled the classical picture of tympanosclerosis. While calcification occurred about bacterial remnants and myelin structures, the most important calcification centers were lysosomal and non-lysosomal matrix vesicles in the extracellular spaces. These formed band-like calcifications close to the basal membrane without affecting the epithelial layer. This animal model offers the possibility of studying the effect of various therapeutic regimens in the treatment of the dynamic tympanosclerotic process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00460205
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterogeneity of circular mitochondrial DNA molecules from sugar beet with normal and male sterile cytoplasms (1986)
    Springer
    Current genetics 10 (1986), S. 695-700 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Sugar beet ; Cytoplasmic male sterility ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Mitochondrial (mt) DNAs from normal (N) and male sterile (S) cytoplasms of sugar been have been isolated and investigated by electron microscopy. The results showed that mtDNA was composed of a heterogeneous population of circular molecules. Their contour lengths varied from 0.28 to 51 μm, but unlike in the case of maize, a large difference was not observed in the distribution of molecular classes greater than 1.0 μm between N and S cytoplasms of sugar beet. On the other hand, N and S cytoplasms were shown to contain their own characteristic combinations of small circular mtDNA species with lengths between 0.28 μm and 0.6 μm. Mitochondrial DNAs from various sources of male-sterile cytoplasms were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis to determine the extent of cytoplasmic variation. Additional low molecular weight DNA bands appeared in all male-sterile lines examined, and as a result, three distinctive banding patterns were recognized. These data are in general agreement with those based upon restriction endonuclease digestion of mt and chloroplast DNAs and the genetic analysis of fertility restoration in test crosses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00410918
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alpha-subunit-producing pituitary adenomas (1986)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 409 (1986), S. 417-431 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Pituitary neoplasms ; Pituitary hormones ; Immunocytochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Alpha-subunit ; Acromegaly
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunohistological techniques demonstrate the alpha-subunit of glycoprotein hormones in the majority of endocrine-inactive, undifferentiated pituitary adenomas and pituitary oncocytomas. In about one-fifth of endocrine-active adenomas, the alpha-subunit is produced in combination with either adrenocorticotropic hormone or prolactin, and it is found in combination with growth hormone in about half of those adenomas causing acromegaly. Pure alpha-subunit-producing, endocrine-inactive adenomas characteristically have small secretory granules that are destroyed by direct osmium fixation, but are well preserved after prefixation with glutaraldehyde. As only a few atypical prolactinomas show similar secretory granules, and as they display a positive reaction for the alpha-subunit only exceptionally, this ultrastructural feature can serve as a guide to differentiate such adenomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00705414
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Frequency and diagnostic value of the virus-like filamentous intranuclear inclusions in giant cell tumor of bone, not associated with Paget's disease (1986)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 410 (1986), S. 65-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Giant-cell ; Virus-like inclusion ; Intranuclear inclusion ; Giant cell tumour of bone ; Paget's disease of bone ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This paper deals with the paramyxovirus-like intranuclear inclusions observed in giant cells tumours of bone (GCTB). Twenty-one (49%) of 43 cases of GCTB (1977–1985), either fresh and/ or cultured, show these ultrastructural inclusions. Fifty samples of various bone lesions in which giant cell lesions occurred, including aneurysmal cysts, hyperparathyroidism, osteoblastoma, human and rat osteopetrosis, GCT of tendon sheaths, and non skeletal granuloma were used as controls. These, together with 20 samples of normal bone (osteoclasts) did not contain intranuclear or intracytoplasmic viral inclusions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00710907
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of experimental torsion of the spermatic cord on Leydig cell function in the guinea pig testis: An ultrastructural stereological analysis (1986)
    Springer
    Urological research 14 (1986), S. 253-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Guinea pig ; Spermatic cord torsion ; Stereology ; Electron microscopy ; Leydig cell
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An ultrastructural stereological analysis of Leydig cells of the guinea pig testis was carried out following surgically induced testicular torsion. Morphometric analyses of the Leydig cells of the experimental group of animals revealed an increase in the nucelar and mitochondrial volume and a decrease in the lipid volume, in comparison to those in the Leydig cells of the control group of animals. We believe that these changes in the Leydig cells of the experimental group of animals are indicative of cellular hypertrophy. The possible mechanisms of the Leydig cell hypertrophy in the guinea pig testis following the induction of spermatic cord torsion are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00256568
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural abnormalities in muscular vessels of hyperthyroid patients (1986)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 71 (1986), S. 64-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Muscular diseases ; Capillar pathology ; Grave's disease ; Hyperthyroidism ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary an electron microscope study of needle biopsies from the quadriceps muscle was carried out in 11 non=selected patients (ten females and one male), with clinically and laboratory-diagnosed hyperthyroid disease. Alterations of the normal structure of muscle fibres were found in all cases. Changes in capillaries were found in ten patients, and ranged from an increase in basement membrane thickness with reduplication, to total destruction of the capillaries. The importance of the vascular involvement in the muscles of patients with Graves-Basedow disease is stressed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687963
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proliferating potential of folliculo-stellate cells in human pituitary adenomas (1986)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 71 (1986), S. 233-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Folliculo-stellate cell ; Pituitary adenoma ; Glial fibrillary acidic protein ; S-100 protein ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Folliculo-stellate cells (FS cells) in 40 pituitary adenomas and portions of anterior pituitary adjacent to the tumor in 26 cases were investigated immunohistochemically, using polyclonal antisera to S-100 protein (S-100) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). The objective was to clarify the histological behavior of the FS cells. In most pituitary adenomas there were few or no S-100-or GFAP-positive cell, in comparison with numerous positive cells in the parts of the adenohypophyses compressed by adenomas. However, positive FS cells were observed in some types of pituitary adenomas. Growth hormone and prolactin producing adenomas frequently contained significant amounts of FS cells. In non-functioning adenomas, an unique case of FS cell adenoma was present. The adenoma was composed mainly of FS cells and immature glandular cells. The FS cells were sometimes located around follicles containing Periodic acid Schiff-positive material. Therefore, the FS cell adenoma is characterized by S-100- and GFAP-positive FS cells and PAS-positive follicles. In this type of adenoma, FS cells seemed to be the main proliferating component. In parts of the adenohypophyses adjacent to the adenomas, GFAP0-positive FS cells were numerous. In the pathological conditions FS cells may possess the potential of reactive proliferation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688045
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The distribution of Ia antigen in the lesions of rat acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (1986)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 70 (1986), S. 149-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Ia antigen ; Central nervous system ; Experimental allergic encephalitis ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ia antigen, encoded within the major histocompatibility complex, plays an important role in the activation of T lymphocytes. Since experimental allergic encephalitis is an essentially T cell-mediated disease, Ia antigen in the central nervous system (CNS) may be pathogenetically relevant. The occurrence of Ia antigen in the CNS of normal rats and of rats with experimental allergic encephalitis was studied by light and electron microscope immunocytochemistry using the monoclonal anti-Ia antibodies Ox 4 and Ox 6. In normal, unsensitized animals a distict population of stellate cells in the meninges and some perivascular mononuclear cells in the nervous tissue carried Ia antigen. In rats with experimental allergic encephalitis a dramatic increase of Ia-positive cells was found. In addition to the positive cells found in normal animals, monocytes, macrophages and many lymphocytes in the meningeal perivascular and parenchymal inflammatory infiltrates as well as “activated microglia” stained for Ia antigen. We did not find evidence for Ia expression on endothelial cells, astrocytes or other components of the CNS in either normal or diseased rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691433
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transplantation of Pacinian corpuscles of the rat into the brain (1986)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 69 (1986), S. 314-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Pacinian corpuscles ; Transplantation to the brain ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In adult inbred rats of the AVN strain, branches of the crural interosseous nerve were dissected out from donors and transplanted into the brain of recipients, together with a cluster of Pacinian corpuscles, (either into a suction cavity or the cerebral cortex) into a slit 1–2 mm deep. The grafts were fixed and processed for electron microscopy 10 days to 6 months after the operation, and their ultrastructure was examined. Sporadic axons of small diameter grew into the nerve branches of some of the grafts from 11 days onward, and became myelinated during the 2nd month after the operation, but none of the transplanted Pacinian corpuscles became reinnervated. The corpuscles, however, survived denervation and grafting. Most of them retained a well-preserved inner core and an intact capsule, consisting of a normal complement of 29.2±1.0 (mean ±SE) capsular layers (n=8), as did the corpuscles previously examined after denervation in situ. Some of the corpuscles underwent degenerative changes, presumably due to a delayed or restricted revascularization. In this group of corpuscles, the inner core underwent disintegration and was gradually replaced by collagen fibrils, whereas the capsule remained preserved but the number of its layers eventually reduced by 40%. It is assumed that the lack of reinnervation of the grafted Pacinian corpuscles was due to the paucity of regenerating axons, and their failure to form correct projections along those Schwann cell columns connected with the corpuscles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688310
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intercellular deposits of basement membrane material in active human pituitary adenomas detected by immunostaining for laminin and electron microscopy (1986)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 71 (1986), S. 326-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Pituitary adenoma ; Basement membrane ; Laminin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thirty-eight human pituitary adenomas (24 endocrine active and 14 endocrine inactive tumors) were studied immunohistochemically for the presence of the basement membrane component, laminin, and ultrastructurally for the presence of basement membrane. Immunoreactivity of laminin delineated staining of epithelial and endothelial basement membranes, the reaction product being confined mostly to the perivascular zones. Moreover, a hitherto undescribed presence of intercellular laminin-positive droplets was observed in ten of the active adenomas (nine patients with hyperprolactinemia and/or acromegalia and one patient with Cushing's syndrome). Concurrently, at the ultrastructural level, bunches of basement membrane-like material intermingled between the adenoma cells were demonstrated in seven of these ten active adenomas. Furthermore, secretory granules were entrapped occasionally in this intercellular matrix, indicating a mutual dependence between excessive hormone extrusion and an increase of “misplaced” deposits of basement membrane components, e.g., laminin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688057
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Astroblastoma revisited: A report of three cases (1986)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 70 (1986), S. 10-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Astroblastoma ; Immunohistopathology ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The very existence of astroblastoma has been a question of considerable controversy, although there appears now to be sufficient documentation to establish it as a tenable entity. Due to the rarity of this tumor, little information exists in the literature as to its natural history, efficacy of therapy and its pathological and radiological appearance. We report three cases of astroblastoma, describing their natural history, the response to therapeutic interventions and their light microscopic, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00689508
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural localization of S-100 protein in neurofibroma (1986)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 69 (1986), S. 103-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Neurofibroma ; von Recklinghausen's disease ; S-100 protein ; Electron microscopy ; Immunoelectron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The nature of the cells in neurofibromas was studied by electron microscopy and immunoelectron-microscopic examination of S-100 protein. Ultrastructurally, all five neurofibromas studied were found to be composed of Schwann cells, perineurial cells, and intermediate cells, which had features of both perineurial cells and fibroblasts. The Schwann cells had complex, branched cytoplasmic processes and a continuous basal lamina. The perineurial cells were distinguishable from Schwann cells by the presence of numerous pinocytotic vesicles, unbranched slender cytoplasmic processes and a discontinuous basal lamina. The intermediate cells had no basal lamina, but were topographically related to Schwann cells and had a similar fine structure to that of perineurial cells. Thus, they seemed to be modified neoplastic perineurial cells. Immunoelectron-microscopic studies showed the presence of cells with and without S-100 protein in the neurofibromas: cells with S-100 protein resembled Schwann cells ultrastructurally, and those without S-100 protein were perineurial and intermediate cells. Some Schwann cells with S-100 protein in one neurofibroma had numerous pinocytotic vesicles characteristic of perineurial cells, suggesting that Schwann cells and perineurial cells, are functional variants of the same cell type. Thus this study showed that neurofibromas were composed of Schwann cells with S-100 protein and perineurial and intermediate cells, including socalled endoneurial fibroblasts, without S-100 protein. Morphological and functional transition seems to occur between Schwann cells and perineurial cells, and between perineurial cells and intermediate cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687045
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Farber's disease in two siblings, sural nerve and subcutaneous biopsies by light and electron microscopy (1986)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 72 (1986), S. 178-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Farber's disease ; Peripheral nerve ; Subcutaneous nodules ; Electron microscopy ; Ceramidase deficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two siblings born from consanguineous tunisian parents are reported. They showed a severe form of Farber's disease with prominent involvement of the central and peripheral nervous system: low conduction velocity was noticed in both children. Macular cherry red spots were observed in one of them. The diagnosis for the girl investigated was confirmed by evidence of ceramidase deficiency in cultured fibroblasts. Here we report the pathological findings in the subcutaneous nodules using light and electron microscopy (one case), and in sural nerves using morphometric studies (both cases). Varying morphological aspects of intracellular inclusions, depending on the tissues involved, are described and discussed. A review of all cases reported since Farber's first paper in 1952 is given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00685981
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Minisegments of newborn rat optic nerves in vitro: gliogenesis and myelination (1986)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 65 (1986), S. 189-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Rat optic nerve ; Gliogenesis ; Myelination ; In vitro ; In vivo ; Electron microscopy ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The question of whether the development of CNS glial cells requires the presence of axons or not can be studied with in vitro systems. In order to compare the differentiation of glial cells during development in vitro with that in situ, we have selected the optic nerve, which is anatomically as well as histotypically a well defined structure. For the in vitro investigations, small explants, called minisegments, of newborn rat optic nerves were cultivated taking four major conditions into account: (1) the regular size of the minisegments should guarantee a permanent exchange of the culture medium in order to avoid cell death, (2) neither mechanical nor enzymatic dissociation of the tissue were applied, (3) the minisegments were explanted into flasks without substrate for cell adhesion and (4) the minisegments were under constant gyratory agitation. The following in situ results were obtained: optic nerves of newborn rats are morphologically characterized by the presence of naked axons, astrocytes, glial precursors, and the absence of both differentiated oligodendrocytes and myelin. At postnatal day 5 myelin sheaths are still absent. Two weeks after birth, differentiated oligodendrocytes and microglial cells are present and numerous axons are surrounded by compact myelin. The in vitro experiments show the following main results, which were obtained after 14 h, 2 d, 5 d and 14 d in culture: during time in culture, the shape of minisegment of newborn rat optic nerves undergoes drastic changes, which indicate high cellular dynamics. After 14 h in vitro, axonal profiles, cells with pyknotic nuclei as well as clusters of astrocytes and glial precursors are present. After 2 days in culture the axonal profiles disappeared and the number of degenerating cells decreased drastically. Many large cells, probably phagocytes containing inclusions and more cells are differentiated. At the stage of 5 d in vitro 4 major types of cells can be distinguished: differentiated oligodendrocytes, which form compact and loose myelin, astrocytes, large and small glioblasts and phagocytes. Immunoprecipitates for myelin basic protein and/or myelin associated glycoprotein were found in oligodendrocytes, in their processes and associated to the myelin. Processes of some astrocytes showed immunoreactive products of glial fibrillary acidic protein. After two weeks in culture, the minisegments were mostly composed of astrocytes, whereas oligodendrocytes became rare and phagocytes disappeared. It can be concluded that CNS glial cells can attain their structural and immunocytochemical characteristics in the total absence of neuronal cell bodies and axons. However, it can be speculated that neurons (or neuronal factors) could regulate the number of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes and keep these glial cells in a physiological equilibrium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00243842
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A paediatric case of sideroblastic anaemia (1986)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 145 (1986), S. 422-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: CFU-E ; BFU-E ; Electron microscopy ; Sideroblastic anaemia ; Dyserythropoiesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We examined the morphological and functional characteristics of erythroblasts derived from marrow erythroid progenitor cells grown in a methylcellulose microculture, which were taken from a female child with rate atypical sideroblastic anaemia (SA) partially responsive to pyridoxine. Colony formation was within the normal range in three successive cultures (median values: 82.25 CFU-E and 16.4 BFU-E derived colonies/6.6×104 cells) compared to growth by normal cells (65-315 CFU-E and 9-40 BFU-E). We evaluated in vitro differentiation by biochemical microassay of a cytosol enzyme involved in the haeme pathway: uroporphyrinogen I synthase (UROS). The UROS values in the erythroid colonies from SA marrow were at the lower end of the normal range (median values: 6.7±0.3 and 14.4±3.8 pmol uroporphyrinogen/h in CFU-E and BFU-E-derived colonies respectively versus 17.4±7.3 and 25±7.2 pmol/h in CFU-E and BFU-E colonies from normal subjects. Ultrastructural examination of the SA erythroblasts from non-cultured bone marrow or derived from cultured BFU-E revealed the characteristic deposition of iron in mitochondria around the nucleus of most cells (ringed sideroblasts). However, the majority of cultured cells had marked dyserythropoietic featuress, with a large number of bilobulated or trilobulated crythroblasts, multiple cytoplasmic vacuoles, numerous abnormalities of the nucleus, and excessive membrane material beneath the plasma membrane, all features difficult to observe in non-cultured marrows.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00439253
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytomorphological changes in liver cells exposed to allyl and benzyl isothiocyanate and their cysteine and glutathione conjugates (1986)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 59 (1986), S. 103-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Cytotoxicity ; Cell morphology ; RL-4 hepatocyte ; Electron microscopy ; In vitro study ; Allyl isothiocyanate ; Benzyl isothiocyanate ; Tert-butylhydroperoxide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Since allyl isothiocyanate has been reported to be a bladder carcinogen and benzyl isothiocyanate is a known anti-carcinogen, it is important to know the mode of their cytotoxic action. This was investigated in a RL-4 hepatocyte cell line by studying the morphological effects of increasing concentrations of the isothiocyanates and their glutathione and cysteine conjugates. These effects were compared with those induced by tert-butylhydroperoxide which supposedly has its primary effect upon the cytosolic glutathione status and thus upon the integrity of Ca2+-sequestrating mitochondria. The results agree with the previously postulated role of conjugation in the exposure of cells to isothiocyanates: Conjugates show effects similar to those produced by the free parent compounds because conjugates release free isothiocyanates in aqueous solution. The cytomorphological effects increase in a more or less dose-dependent manner with increasing concentrations of isothiocyanate or exposure time. Probably due to increased exposure, suspended RL-4 cells are more sensitive to the toxic action than cells growing on a substrate. No qualitative differences were found between the effects of allyl and benzyl isothiocyanate, indicating that their different effects in vivo are perhaps related to organ-specific differences in equilibrium between the conjugated and unconjugated forms of the test substances. The first cytomorphological effects of isothiocyanates consist of surface blebbing (zeiosis) and swelling of dictyosomal cisternae. At higher concentrations swelling extends to vesicles of endoplasmic reticulum. Mitochondria are not affected until the cells reach the necrotic phase of injury. In contrast, tert-butylhydroperoxide causes mitochondrial damage in an early pase of toxic injury. The cellular symptoms suggest that the primary target of isothiocyanates is in the plasma membrane and the cellular membrane system, affecting the monovalent cation and water balance of the cell organelles rather than the Ca2+ homeostasis as in cells exposed to tert-butylhydroperoxide. Differences in lipophilicity may be at the basis of this differenc in primary action.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00286732
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An electron microscopic study of cerebral vasospasm with resultant myonecrosis in cases of subarachnoid haemorrhage, meningitis and trans-sylvian surgery (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 233 (1986), S. 348-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Cerebral vasospasm ; Myonecrosis ; Myofilament ; Calcium ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electron microscopic data on the development of myonecrosis following cerebral vasospasm associated with subarachnoid haemorrhage, meningitis and trans-sylvian surgery are presented. The basic feature of myonecrosis was dissolution of myofilaments with resultant fine granular or filamentous material. The disintegrating cytoplasm often contained numerous glycogen granules, dense bodies, autophagic vacuoles and myelin-like membranous bodies. A well-developed sarcoplasmic reticulum was preserved despite myofilament dissolution, while mitochondria showed marked sweling. The nuclei showed either dilution of chromatin or pyknotic change. The basal lamina was remarkably thickened and maintained an irregular outline of the necrotic smooth muscle cells. Enlarged intercellular space contained abundant cellular debris, vesicular structures and connective tissue fibres. The pathogenesis of these changes is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00313921
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A three dimensional model of the photosynthetic membranes of Ectothiorhodospira halochloris (1986)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 146 (1986), S. 267-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Photosynthesis ; Membrane structure ; Electron microscopy ; Ectothiorhodospira ; Serial thin sectioning ; Three dimensional reconstruction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The three dimensional organization of the complete photosynthetic apparatus of the extremely halophilic, bacteriochlorophyll b containing Ectothiorhodospira halochloris has been elaborated by several techniques of electron microscopy. Essentially all thylakoidal sacs are disc shaped and connected to the cytoplasmic membrane by small membraneous “bridges”. In sum, the lumina of all thylakoids (intrathylakoidal space) form one common periplasmic space. Thin sections confirm a paracrystalline arrangement of the photosynthetic complexes in situ. The ontogenic development of the photosynthetic apparatus is discussed based on a structural model derived from serial thin sections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00403228
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of relA mutation in the survival of amino acid-starved Escherichia coli (1986)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 143 (1986), S. 400-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: E. coli relA +/relA ; Starvation survival ; Guanosine tetraphosphate ; Electron microscopy ; Glycogen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Amino acid-starved cells of Escherichia coli relA +, which contain a large number of glycogen particles, are able to survive in phosphate buffer for a longer time period than their relaxed counterparts. With regard to NH 4 + starvation differences in the survival of both strains were not found. NH 4 + starved cells of E. coli relA are able to synthesize glycogen but amino acid-starved cells of the relA strain are not. We suggest that the synthesis of glycogen triggered by guanosine tetraphosphate during amino acid starvation is responsible for the prolonged viability of the E. coli relA + strain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00412809
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bradyrhizobium japonicum mutants defective in root-nodule bacteroid development and nitrogen fixation (1986)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 144 (1986), S. 355-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Bradyrhizobium ; Electron microscopy ; Mutants ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nodulation ; Soybean ; Symbiosis ; Transposon Tn5
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The genome of the slow-growing Bradyrhizobium japonicum (strain 110) was mutagenized with transposon Tn5. A total of 1623 kanamycin/streptomycin resistant derivatives were screened in soybean infection tests for nodulation (Nod) and symbiotic nitrogen fixation (Fix). In this report we describe 14 strains possessing a stable, reproducible Nod+Fix- phenotype. These strains were also grown under microaerobic culture conditions to test them for free-living nitrogen fixation activity (Nif). In addition to strains having reduced Fix and Nif activities, there were also strains that had reduced symbiotic Fix activity but were Nif+ ex planta. Analysis of the genomic structure revealed that the majority of the strains had a single Tn5 insertion without any further apparent physical alteration. A few strains had additional insertions (by Tn5 or IS50), or a deletion, or had cointegrated part of the vector used for Tn5 mutagenesis. One of the insertions was found in a known nif gene (nifD) whereas all other mutations seem to affect different, hitherto unknown genes or operons. Several mutant strains had an altered nodulation phenotype, inducing numerous, small, widely distributed nodules. Light and electron microscopy revealed that most of these mutants were defective in different stages of bacteroid development and/or bacteroid persistence. The protein patterns of the mutants were inspected by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis after labelling microaerobic cultures with l-(35S)methionine. Of particular interest were mutants lacking a group of proteins the synthesis of which was known to be under oxygen control. Such strains can be regarded as potential regulatory mutants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00409885
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis induced by chrysotile asbestos (1986)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 408 (1986), S. 329-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Pulmonary fibrosis ; Asbestosis ; Chrysotile ; Macrophages ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A single instillation of 1 mg chrysotile B with a fiber length between 0.05 and 0.2 µm in 0.1 ml tricaprylin was made via a polyvinyl catheter into the lower lobe of the right lung of 120 six-week-old Wistar rats under anesthesia. The animals were killed at intervals between five minutes and two years. The lower lobes of the right lung were investigated by light and electron microscopy. The process of pulmonary fibrosis induced by asbestos can be subdivided into four phases: these are the phase of phagocytosis (five to 15 min), the phase of granuloma formation (between one and two weeks), the phase of septal fibrosis (between two and six months) and finally the scar stage (after one year). After instillation of small asbestos fibers into the alveoli, a major proportion of these fibers is phagocytosed by alveolar macrophages after five minutes and leaves the lungs via the airways. A proportion of the fibers penetrates through the alveolar wall (mostly conveyed by type I pneumocytes) and reaches the interstitium of the lungs. There, the fibers are taken up by pulmonary tissue macrophages and giant cells. Within the phagolysosomes, the fibers are broken down into fragments less than 0.01 µm in length. Type II pneumocytes produce surfactant in excess. These cells become necrotic, tubular myelin and lamellar bodies pass into the alveoli and into the interstitium. Surfactant is phagocytosed by resident macrophages. These macrophages phages can break down. Besides asbestos and surfactant, mediators of fibrillogenesis are released. Macrophages following up from blood monocytes ingest surfactant and asbestos. This process is perpetuated up to complete scarring. After two years, small asbestos fibers less than 0.01 µm long are present in fibroblasts and pleural mesothelia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00707692
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diversity of Vicia faba circular mtDNA in whole plants and suspension cultures (1986)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 72 (1986), S. 541-547 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Mitochondrial DNA of plants ; Electron microscopy ; Suspension culture ; Vicia faba
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A comparative analysis of the Vicia faba mitochondrial genome in whole plants and in longterm suspension culture has been conducted. Restriction fragment patterns of the mtDNA isolated from these two sources were notably different. Electronmicroscopic analysis also revealed significant differences. Large circular mtDNA patterns shifted from a 37–80 kb subpopulation, which was predominant in whole plants, to 18–34 kb subpopulations although in both classes notable quantities of circular molecules of 80 to 120 kb and more were also found. Both in whole plant and suspension culture cells very large circular DNAs were observed. Some of them had lengths nearly 290 kb and could be considered as evidence of the existence of master chromosomes. The minicircular DNA population was also altered. In the suspension culture we observed a notable increase of percentage of minicircles with sizes near 1 kb. Simultaneously, the percentage of minicircles with sizes near 3.5–10 kb significantly increased in suspension culture cells. In addition, a new peak (10–12 kb) of minicircles appeared. Copy number alterations for some sequences homologous to CCC1A, CCC1B and CCC2 (Negruk et al. 1982, 1985) were shown. Southern hybridization revealed the existence of a family of minicircles having sizes 1.4–2 kb with predominance of CCC1A, CCC1B and CCC2. The copy numbers of CCC1B and some minor minicircles was changed in the suspension culture when compared with the whole plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00289538
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lipokeratinocytes of the epidermis of a cetacean (Phocena phocena) (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 244 (1986), S. 385-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cetaceans ; Lamellar bodies ; Epidermal lipids ; Permeability barrier ; Electron microscopy ; Phocena phocena
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Biochemical and ultrastructural analysis of epidermis from the porpoise, Phocena phocena, revealed certain similarities and differences between cetaceans and terrestrial mammals. The predominant cell of cetacean epidermis, not found in normal terrestrial mammals, is a lipoker-atinocyte, which elaborates not only keratin filaments, but also two types of lipid organelles: first, lamellar bodies, morphologically identical to those of terrestrial mammals, are elaborated in great abundance in all suprabasal epidermal layers, forming intercellular lipid bilayers in the stratum corneum interstices: and second, non-membrane-bounded droplets appear and persist in all epidermal layers. Although the porpoise lipokeratinocyte morpologically resembles the sebokeratocyte of avians in certain respects, nonmembrane-bounded lipid droplets are not released into the intercorneocyte space as they are in avian stratum corneum. Whereas phospholipid/neutral lipid gradients are similar in porpoise and terrestrial mammals, PAS-positive glycoconjugates, specifically glycosphingolipids, are retained in porpoise stratum corneum, but lost from these layers in terrestrials. The novel, non-polar acylglucosyl-ceramides, which also are lost during cornification in terrestrial mammals, are retained in porpoise stratum corneum. The lipid components of porpoise lipokeratinocytes appear to subserve not only barrier function in a hypertonic milieu, but also underlie the unique buoyancy, streamlining, insulatory, and caloric properties exhibited as adaptations to the cetacean habitat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219214
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Collagen remodeling during decidualization in the mouse (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 244 (1986), S. 443-448 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Collagen ; Uterus ; Decidua ; Mouse ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An ultrastructural study of the features and distribution of collagen fibrils was performed in the endometrium of virgin and pregnant (2nd to 11th day) mice. Collagen-containing structures were observed in the cytoplasm of fibroblasts on the 2nd day of pregnancy. Treatment of tissues with lanthanum nitrate established that these structures were intracytoplasmic. Their association with lysosome-like bodies suggested the occurrence of intracellular digestion of collagen, probably connected with remodeling of the endometrial stroma prior to decidualization. On the 4th day of pregnancy, very few collagen fibrils were present in the intercellular space. From the 6th day of pregnancy onwards, “thick” collagen fibrils were observed between decidual cells. The diameter of these fibrils measured up to 300 nm whereas the fibrils present in the endometrium of virgin mice measured 40–68 nm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219220
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Culture of intramural cardiac ganglia of the newborn guinea-pig (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 244 (1986), S. 605-612 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Heart innervation ; Tissue culture ; Autonomic ganglia ; Non-neuronal cells ; Cell interrelationships ; Electron microscopy ; Guinea-pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present study describes the ultrastructure of non-neuronal cells and their interrelationships with intracardiac neurones present in cultures dissociated atria and interatrial septum from newborn guinea-pig. When compared with the in situ preparation, most of these features in culture were similar to those observed in situ, but some differences were also apparent. Both mature and immature Schwann cells were observed in culture, and as in situ, the latter were closely associated with intracardiac neurones, whilst the former were more widely separated. The ultrastructure of satellite cells was more variable in culture than in situ: three general types were distinguished on the basis of their 10-nm filament content. This variation could be due to conditions of culture. Interstitial cells were present in culture and closely resembled those described in situ, although there was less space between cultured interstitial cells and their associated cells. Many fibroblasts, some myoblasts and a few mast cells were also found in the culture preparations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212540
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Culture of intramural cardiac ganglia of the newborn guinea-pig (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 244 (1986), S. 595-604 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Heart innervation ; Tissue culture ; Autonomic ganglia ; Neurones ; Small granule-containing cells ; Electron microscopy ; Guinea-pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of cultured intrinsic neurones and SIF (small intensely fluorescent) cells dissociated from the atria and interatrial septum of newborn guinea-pig heart has been studied for the first time and compared with these cells in situ. Mononucleate and binucleate neuronal somata and their processes were observed in the culture preparation; their ultrastructure was similar to that of neurones in intracardiac ganglia observed in situ. The number of neurites associated with neuronal cell bodies increased after the first week in culture. A subpopulation of intracardiac neurones showed abnormalities in culture, comparable to the changes previously described in neurones of the monkey heart after unilateral vagotomy in situ. Small granule-containing cells were observed in culture, corresponding to those described in the heart in situ. One type of large process in the culture preparation containing densely packed mitochondria has not been seen in situ, suggesting that changes in cell ultrastructure due to the conditions of culture cannot be discounted. However, the ultrastructure of the cultured cells was, for the most part, consistent with that of the same cell type in situ, indicating that the culture preparation may be a useful model for investigation of the roles and interactions of intramural neurones in the heart, which are inaccessible for such studies in situ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212539
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological evidence for the existence of a more complex cytoskeleton in Amoeba proteus (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 246 (1986), S. 163-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cytoskeletal organization ; Filaments ; Triton extraction ; Replica technique ; Electron microscopy ; Amoeba proteus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Various stabilization and extraction procedures were tested to demonstrate the ultrastructural organization of the cytoskeleton in normal, locomoting Amoeba proteus. Most reliable results were obtained after careful fixation in glutaraldehyde/lysine followed by prolonged extraction in a polyethylene glycol/Triton X-100 solution. Before dehydration in a graded series of ethanol and critical-point drying, the amoebae were split by the sandwich-technique, i.e., by mechanical cleavage of cells mounted between two poly-L-lysine-coated glass slides. Platinum-carbon replicas as well as thin sections prepared from such cell fragments revealed a cytoskeleton composed of at least four different types of filaments: (1) 5–7-nm filaments organized as a more or less ordered cortical network at the internal face of the plasma membrane and probably representing F-actin; (2) 10–12-nm filaments running separately or slightly aggregated through the cytoplasm and probably representing intermediate filaments; (3) 24–26-nm filaments forming a loose network and probably representing microtubules; and (4) 2–4-nm filaments as connecting elements between the other cytoskeleton constituents. Whereas microfilaments are responsible for protoplasmic streaming and other motile phenomena, the function of intermediate filaments and cytoplasmic microtubules in amoebae is still obscure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219013
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and development of the surface coat of erythrocytic merozoites of Plasmodium knowlesi (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 245 (1986), S. 281-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Malaria parasites ; Merozoites ; Surface coat ; Maturation ; Plasmodium knowlesi
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The surface of extracellular merozoites of P. knowlesi is covered with a coat 15–20 nm thick, made up of clusters of filaments standing erect on the plasma membrane. Filaments have stems 2 nm thick, the peripheral ends of which are complex, branching or ending in long trailing threads. Coat filaments occur on the surface of the parasite in regular rows at an early schizont stage, and persist until well after merozoite release. They are sensitive to trypsin and papain, and bind ethanolic phosphotungstate, indicating a proteinaceous nature. They are also removed by exposure to phosphate-buffered saline. Filaments bear negative charges, binding cationised ferritin throughout the depth of the coat and staining with ruthenium red. They cover the whole merozoite surface and mediate intercellular adhesion at distances of 15–150 nm, membrane to membrane. It is suggested that these filaments correspond to a major merozoite surface protein, and are important in the initial capture of red cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213933
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nephridial innervation in the leech Hirudo medicinalis L. (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 245 (1986), S. 397-404 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Leech ; Nephridium ; Innervation ; Electron microscopy ; Cobalt filling ; Hirudo medicinalis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The main organs for salt and water homeostasis in the medicinal leech, the nephridia, were found to be densely innervated by a single branch of the corresponding median anterior segmental nerve. The projections of two different neurons into the nephridia are described: 1. Dendritic projections of the previously identified, afferent ‘nephridial nerve cell’, a possible salt receptor, lie between the urine forming cells and the blood vessels supplying the nephridium without making any contact. 2. Projections of an unidentified neuron which contains dense-core vesicles (85 nm) as well as smaller clear vesicles (45 nm) contact the primary urine forming canaliculus cells. The neurosecretory role of these neurons is considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213947
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The coxo-trochanteral muscle receptor organ of locusts (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 243 (1986), S. 517-524 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Muscle receptor organ ; Electron microscopy ; Tubular body ; Mechanosensory transduction ; Locust, Locusta migratoria migratorioides (R.&F.)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The coxo-trochanteral muscle receptor organ of the hind leg of the locust Locusta migratoria migratorioides (R.&F.) has been investigated by use of scanning and transmission electron microscopy with special emphasis on its distal attachment site. The overall morphology of the receptor muscle, the sensory neuron and its dendrites was found to share many common features with other arthropod sense organs of that type with two important differences: (1) the connective tissue segment (= intercalated tendon) is extremely short compared to that of other muscle receptor organs; (2) the naked dendritic terminals of the non-ciliated, multipolar sensory neuron of the organ contain clusters of microtubules, interconnected by an amorphous matrix, that resemble the tubular bodies of ciliated, epithelial receptor cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218058
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The hypothalamo-hypophysial system of the frog Rana temporaria (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 243 (1986), S. 649-654 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Median eminence ; Peptidergic projections ; Aminergic projections ; Electron microscopy ; Autoradiography ; Frog (Rana temporaria)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The median eminence (ME) of the adult frog, Rana temporaria, was studied by means of electron microscopy including quantitative electron-microscopic autoradiography. In frogs captured in May and June numerous peptidergic neurosecretory fibres extending via the internal zone to the pars nervosa display large swellings containing few granules, mitochondria, neurotubules and cisternae of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. In addition, few secretory globules up to 1.5 μm in diameter occur in these varicosities. In animals collected during the autumn period many of these neurosecretory swellings filled with neurosecretory granules and polymorphic inclusions resemble Herring bodies. Three types of granule-containing neurosecretory fibres were observed in the external zone (EZ) of the ME of adult R. temporaria. Peptidergic A1- and A2-type fibres are characterized by granules 150–220 nm and 100–160 nm in diameter, respectively. Monoaminergic fibres of type B with granules approximately 100 nm in diameter represent ∼ 50% of all neurosecretory elements in the EZ of the frog ME; ∼12% of the total number of granule-bearing axons in the EZ actively taking up radiolabelled 5-hydroxytryptophan are thought to be serotoninergic terminals. Neurosecretory terminals of all types and glial vascular endfeet establish direct contacts with the perivascular space of the primary portal capillaries. Some neurosecretory terminals are separated from the lumen of the third ventricle by a thin cytoplasmic lamella of tanycytes. The possible physiological significance of this structural pattern is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218074
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  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An ultrastructural study of embryonic chick retinal neurons in culture (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 245 (1986), S. 563-577 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Chick retina ; Tissue culture ; Electron microscopy ; Development, ontogenetic ; Differentiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The differentiation of cells and synapses in explants of 9-day-old chick embryo retina has been studied by light and electron microscopy over a period of 35 days in vitro, and samples of retina from the 9-day chick foetus were directly fixed and prepared for study. At the time of explantation the retinae were poorly differentiated and no lamination was apparent. From day 14 onwards, (i) outer and inner nuclear layers (ONL, INL) separated by a layer of neuropil corresponding to the outer plexiform layer (OPL) and (ii) a layer of scattered large ganglion cells separated from the INL by a zone of neuropil resembling the inner plexiform layer (IPL) were apparent, and (iii) a well-differentiated outer limiting membrane was established close to the surface of the explants. In the oldest cultures some development of photoreceptor outer segments occurred but a distinct optic nerve fibre layer did not form. Although cell identification presented problems even in the oldest cultures, the major retinal cell types described in vivo could be identified. Photoreceptor cells developed pedicles in the OPL which became filled with synaptic vesicles and synaptic ribbons and established ribbon synapses (including triads) with and were commonly invaginated by processes from horizontal and bipolar cells. Processes of bipolar cells in the IPL formed simple and dyad synapses. At least two types of presynaptic amacrine cells were also identified in the INL, one of which contained large numbers of dense-core vesicles. The ganglion cells, though sparse, were large and well differentiated. These findings show that all the major neuronal types of the retina are capable of developing and differentiating in vitro, lagging behind the time-table of development and differentiation in vivo by approximately 7 days, but resulting in a histotypically organised retina with synaptic neuropil showing many similarities to the corresponding neuropil in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218558
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  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Embryonic cholinesterase activity during morphogenesis of the mouse genital tract (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 244 (1986), S. 153-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cholinesterase ; Genital tract ; Mesenchyme ; Histochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Mouse embryo
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the genital tract of male and female mouse embryos cholinesterase activity is described that is independent from innervation. The enzyme activity is localized in the mesenchyme at the junction of Wolffian and Müllerian ducts with the urogenital sinus. During male development prostate buds and vesicular glands grow out into the cholinesterase-active mesenchyme. During female development the active mesenchyme participates in the downgrowth of the vaginal anlage. Ultrastructurally the cholinesterase activity is localized in the perinuclear cisterna and in smooth endoplasmic reticulum of the mesenchymal cells. The enzyme activity disappears with definitive differentiation of the tissue. The embryonic cholinesterase is a component of a primitive muscarinic system. Its relation to the morphogenetic action of testosterone and its possible general functions are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218393
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  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytoplasmic virus-like particles associated with the nucleolus in wheat, similar to “S bodies” and retroposon particles (1986)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 133 (1986), S. 160-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Cytoplasm ; Electron microscopy ; Nucleolus ; Virus-like particles ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Wheat roots from germinating seedlings of Chinese spring wheatTriticum aestivum grown for 36 hours at 20°C were examined by conventional thin-section electron microscopy. Virus-like particles were seen inside a large cytoplasmic intrusion into the nucleus having the appearence of a nucleolar vacuole. The particles were isometric and about 50 nm in diameter with a membrane-like coat and a small core. The cytoplasmic intrusion was bounded by nuclear envelope with pores apparent where it abutted nucleoplasm. The particles are similar to previously reported solitary particles “S bodies” from a range of plants but are also similar in size and morphology to the retroposon particles associated with copia like elements in other organisms. The position of the virus-like particles in the young wheat roots is discussed in relation to interactions with components of the cell skeleton.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01304631
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  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of culture medium pH on charasome development and chloride transport inChara corallina (1986)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 130 (1986), S. 5-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Chara corallina ; Charasome development ; Chloride transport ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Internodal cells ofChara, grown in culture either at pH 5.7, 6.5 or 7.5, were studied to determine their chloride influx capability, the quantitative aspects of charasome morphology and the degree to which these two parameters could be correlated. In cells grown at pH 5.7 the charasomes were relatively small, were widely spaced on the plasma membrane, and contributed only a 0.6% increase to the surface area of the plasma membrane in the acid region of the cell. In contrast, the charasome membrane surface area of cells grown at pH 7.5 had increased × 19, the density of charasomes on the cell surface increased × 42, thus producing a × 3.57 increase in the acid region plasma membrane surface area. Chloride influx in cells grown at pH 7.5 was × 8.7–12.7 greater than in cells grown at pH 5.7. Cells that had been starved of chloride exhibited a × 2.4 average increase in the rate of chloride influx. Our observations establish the existence of a positive correlation between the rate of chloride influx and the increase in membrane surface area due to charasomes, although other factors, such as the effect of pH on transport-related enzymes, and the effect of charasome structure on chemical equilibria, may also be of importance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01283326
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  • 37
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    Electronic Resource
    The effects of raised phosphate level on the energy metabolism, contractile function, and fine structure of oxygenated and oxygen-deficient myocardium (1986)
    Springer
    Heart and vessels 2 (1986), S. 6-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-2573
    Keywords: Inorganic phosphate ; Normoxia/anoxia ; ATP ; Glycogen ; Cardiac function ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The possible role of inorganic phosphate (Pi) in depressing the contractility of oxygen-deficient myocardium was investigated by examining the effects of 30 mM Pi on the cardiac function and myocardial biochemistry and fine structure in normoxic and anoxic Langendorff-perfused isolated rat hearts. In normoxia, the intracellular Pi level increased three-fold, the ATP content remained normal, and there was moderate loss of glycogen only. Contractile performance (as assessed from systolic pressure recordings) was significantly depressed, as was the heart rate for the first 10 min. The myocardial fine structure showed persistent glycogen, marked relaxation of myofibrils, and a higher incidence of vacuolation than in hearts with normal Pi. In anoxia, the intracellular Pi level was comparable with that of the perfusate and both ATP and glycogen were severely depleted. Contractile performance and heart beat ceased completely at 15 min, although in anoxic controls both persisted at low levels for at least 25 min. In anoxia, Pi also depressed coronary flow rate. In the inner half of the ventricular wall of oxygen-depleted hearts, where flow became reduced after 15 or more min, Pi markedly reduced the formation of intramitochondrial densities and augmented mitochondrial swelling and ischaemic contracture, which extended out through the mid-myocardium. In the outer half of the wall, where flow remained high, it promoted severe dilatation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles and undifferentiated regions of the intercalated discs. The observed effects in normoxia are probably attributable at least in part to the lowering of the free Ca2+ concentration of the perfusate by the increased Pi level. The effects in anoxia may be related chiefly to the critical reduction of available intracellular Ca2+ and the more rapid and extensive development of ischaemic contracture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02060238
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  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vivo homologous recombination intermediates of yeast mitochondrial DNA analyzed by electron microscopy (1986)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 202 (1986), S. 421-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Recombination intermediates ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Electron microscopy ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary To study the structure of in vivo mitochondrial DNA recombination intermediates in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we used a deletion mutant of the wild type mitochondrial genome. The mtDNA of this petite is composed of a direct tandem repetition of an ∼4,600 pb monomer repeat unit with a unique HhaI restriction enzyme site per repeat. The structure of native mtDNA isolated from log phase cells, and mtDNA crosslinked in vivo with trioxsalen plus UVA irradiation, was studied by electron microscopy. Both populations contained crossed strand “Holliday” type recombination intermediates. Digestion of both non-crosslinked and crosslinked and mtDNA with the enzyme HhaI released X and H shaped structures composed of two monomers. Electron microscopic analysis revealed that these structures had pairs of equal length arms as required for homologous recombination intermediates and that junctions could occur at points along the entire monomer length. The percentage of recombining monomers in both non-crosslinked and trioxsalen crosslinked mtDNA was calculated by quantitative analysis of all the structures present in an HhaI digest. The relationship between these values and the apparent dispersive replication of mtDNA in density-shift experiments and mtDNA fragility during isolation is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00333272
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  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopic localization of hydrogenase genes on the megaplasmid pHG 1 in Alcaligenes eutrophus (1986)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 202 (1986), S. 476-480 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Hydrogen bacterium ; Hydrogenase genes ; Megaplasmid pHG1 ; Localization ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Plasmids carrying hydrogenase genes in Alcaligenes eutrophus wild type H 16 and in two transposon Tn5 —induced mutants have been investigated by electron microscopy. Besides the pHG1 megaplasmid (458±27 kb) carrying genes coding for structural and regulatory properties of hydrogenases, small plasmids of unknown significance have been detected. The sizes of EcoRI fragments obtained from pHG1 were measured from electron micrographs. They were significantly different from sizes determined previously by agarose gel electrophoresis. Plasmid pHG1 isolated from the wild type H 16 was shown to contain two inverted repeats (IR 16-1 and IR 16-2) with sizes similar to known transposons. From electron microscopic hybridization studies, it was deduced that the sites of insertion of Tn5 into a regulation gene on pHG1 for both soluble and membrane-bound hydrogenase, and of Tn5-Mob into the gene coding for structural properties of the soluble hydrogenase, are about 67.2 kb apart. One of the inverted repeats (IR 16-1) was localized in between these sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00333280
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  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abnormal mucociliary function in a mucocoele of the maxillary antrum (1986)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 243 (1986), S. 207-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Maxillary sinus mucocoele ; Mucociliary system ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have examined the mucociliary function present in a mucocoele of the maxillary antrum and have found certain abnormalities in the tissues studied. Our findings also indicate that the mucocoele's intrinsic pathology is too complex to be improved by any conservative treatment and justifies its surgical removal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00470623
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  • 41
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An experimental study of auditory dysfunction associated with hyperlipoproteinemia (1986)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 243 (1986), S. 242-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Hyperlipoproteinemia ; Auditory dysfunction ; Cochlea ; Histochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We sought to clarify whether or not hyperlipoproteinemia induces auditory dysfunction. In so doing, we studied the general states and cochlear pathologies of guinea pigs after the administration of a hyperlipid diet for 3 months. Serum biochemistries indicated marked elevations of cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. An increased auditory threshold varying from 10 to 20 dB was observed in 40% of the guinea pigs using auditory brainstem responses. Histochemical study of the inner ear revealed variations in lipid metabolism and partial disorders of the outer hair cells. Electron microscopic observations showed vacuolar and parenchymal protrusions on the surfaces of the stria vascularis and Corti's organ, and vacuolar degeneration was seen around the capillary vessels of the vascular stria. Our data has shown that the auditory dysfunction present in the inner ear was less marked than were the morphological changes seen. Our findings suggest that other factors besides hyperlipoproteinemia are involved in the development of severe auditory damage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00464438
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  • 42
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Italian multicenter study of dementia: a pathologically verified case of Alzheimer disease (1986)
    Springer
    Neurological sciences 7 (1986), S. 161-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Keywords: Alzheimer disease ; Electron microscopy ; Epidemiological study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommario Viene descritto lo studio neuropatologico di un caso incluso nello Studio Multicentrico Italiano sulla Demenza sulla base di dati clinici. L'esame istologico ed ultrastrutturale conferma la diagnosi di malattia di Alzheimer avvalorando quindi il protocollo clinico.
    Notes: Abstract The pathological findings in a case included in the Italian multicenter study of dementia on clinical grounds are reported. The histological and ultrastructural examination confirms the diagnosis of Alzheimer disease, evidence for the validity of the clinical protocol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02230435
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  • 43
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of rotational masking on optimum pore size (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1036-1038 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320614
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  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computer simulations of dense polar fluids: Hydrogen chloride (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1049-1051 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320617
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  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical process computations by Raghu Raman, elsevier, 1985, 592 pp. $90.00 (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1053-1054 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320621
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  • 46
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320701
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  • 47
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immobilization of enzymes in porous solids under restricted diffusion conditions (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1088-1098 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A restricted diffusion model is developed to study the immobilization of enzyme in porous solid supports. Simulation studies have been carried out for various combinations of process variables and parameters of the immobilization system. The model has also been used to develop a method for estimating the intrinsic rate constant of immobilization when enzyme diffusion into the support is restricted. Results of experiments in which glucose oxidase was immobilized in porous glass supports are consistent with model simulations.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320705
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  • 48
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infinite dilution fugacity coefficients and the general behavior of dilute binary systems (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1253-1262 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A universally valid formal expression for the composition dependence of solute and solvent fugacity coefficients in any dilute binary system far from criticality is derived in this paper. In the present context, dilution denotes the y1 → O limit, regardless of the mixture's molar density. The results are independent of the system under study and of the choice of equation of state. The solute fugacity coefficient is simply the product of a composition-independent term (the infinite dilution fugacity coefficient) and an exponential decay composition correction. These two parameters have important thermodynamic implications: their temperature and pressure derivatives are related to the solute's partial molar enthalpy and volume, respectively. When applied to activity coefficients, the same theoretical analysis yields universal relationships for the composition dependence of activity coefficients which can be used as consistency checks for empirical correlations. The relationship between infinite dilution activity and fugacity coefficients can be used to estimate relative solubilities of a given solute in different solvents. Excellent agreement is found when the theoretical expressions are tested with three different binary systems involving a nonvolatile solid solute and a supercritical fluid.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320804
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  • 49
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A mathematical model of drying for hygroscopic porous media (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1301-1311 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A mathematical model is developed to simulate the drying of hygroscopic porous media and, in particular, of wood. Drying rate experiments were performed using wood specimens and a nonhygroscopic porous ceramic solid and were simulated using the appropriate version of the drying model. Calculated model predictions are in very satisfactory agreement with experimental results. An examination of the relative impacts on drying of the transport mechanisms that comprise the model leads to meaningful interpretations of observed drying behavior. Controlling rate factors can be identified and different types of drying behavior specific to a given material or drying condition can be explained and understood through model simulation studies. Such capability can provide important guidance for drying process design and control.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320808
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  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distillation with intermediate heat pumps and optimal sidestream return (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1347-1359 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The technique of distillation with intermediate heat pumps and optimal sidestream return - IHOSR distillation - is presented. IHOSR distillation allows heat to be moved between points in a distillation column with greater efficiency than several other methods of using heat pumps for distillation.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320812
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  • 51
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mass transfer in eddies close to air-water interface (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1546-1554 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Deterministic analyses applied to both velocity and concentration fluctuation data obtained in a region extremely close to air-water interface in a free-surface, unbaffled stirred tank allow estimation of the length and the velocity scales of individual eddies taking part in gas absorption. The mass transfer prediction by this method is superior to that by a statistical method using an integral length scale in the low-turbulence flow employed in this work. Eddy velocities are generally lower in the diffusion boundary layer zone compared with the bulk zone. Small eddies are generally associated with low velocity scales whereas large eddies occur at high velocity scales. Local mass transfer coefficients are high in regions where small eddies are dominant.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320915
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  • 52
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling the PVT properties of concentrated electrolytes in water (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1561-1566 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320918
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  • 53
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    Electronic Resource
    Diffusivity of glycine in concentrated saturated and supersaturated aqueous solutions (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1567-1569 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320919
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  • 54
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    Electronic Resource
    Counteracting chromatographic electrophoresis and related imposed-gradient separation processes (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1570-1573 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320920
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  • 55
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    Electronic Resource
    Air-lift reactor analysis: Interrelationships between riser, downcomer, and gas-liquid separator behavior, including gas recirculation effects (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1585-1596 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An approach to air-lift reactor analysis is presented that examines the three parts of the air-lift - the riser, downcomer, and gas-liquid separator - as three interconnected and interrelated elements. Downcomer flow configurations are described and characterized by either straight or oscillating bubble flow patterns. The downcomer gas flow rate is determined using a two-sparger system, and a correlation is presented relating the downcomer superficial gas velocity to the downcomer gas holdup. Gas recirculation is calculated and related to the geometric and operating conditions of the gas-liquid separator. It is shown that an increase in residence time in the gas-liquid separator decreases the gas recirculation rate. Correlations are presented relating gas holdup and liquid velocities to superficial gas velocity.A sparger was added near the entrance of the downcomer, in addition to the conventional placement near the entrance of the riser. Results of such a two-sparger system are discussed in relation to reactor stability and liquid velocities.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690321002
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  • 56
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Instantaneous concentration fluctuations in point-source plumes (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1642-1654 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A model for the variance σc2 of instantaneous plume concentrations, at a level corresponding to that of the Gaussian formulas for the mean field, is developed and tested against available data. Starting from the Eulerian species transport equation, theoretical and empirical information is used to estimate parameters and simplify the form of the transport equation for σc2 in a meandering frame of reference. Then, introduction of a localized production of fluctuations (LPF) scheme allows construction of analytical expressions for σc2 that provide a direct means for calculating the concentration variance inside the instantaneous boundaries of plumes resulting from continuous point emissions in turbulent flows with uniform mean velocity.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690321008
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  • 57
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    Electronic Resource
    Process synthesis concepts for supercritical gas extraction in the crossover region (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1665-1676 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A procedure is presented for designing supercritical gas extraction processes using a pure solvent fluid to effect the separation. The necessary conditions for the procedure to be applicable are the existence of crossover behavior and separable crossover pressures in the fluid phase mixture. Data are presented to support the existence of such phenomena in ternary systems, and an actual separation process has been designed and operated based upon the data. For systems exhibiting this behavior, process synthesis principles are developed to illustrate the evolution of a process flowsheet for the separation of a mixture into its pure components.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690321010
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  • 58
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cocurrent downflow of air and water in a two-dimensional packed column (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1677-1689 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Multiple hydrodynamic states were observed during cocurrent down-flow of air and water under trickling flow conditions in a packed bed of rectangular cross section. Although the multiplicity was exhibited by both pressure gradient and liquid holdup, the pressure gradient showed the largest variations at identical conditions. The multiplicity is interpreted as being due to the liquid flowing in two different modes, namely, film flow and rivulet flow.The characteristics of pulsing flow in a packed bed of rectangular cross section were found to be appreciably different from those reported in the literature for flow in small-diameter cylindrical columns. The most significant observation in the packed bed of rectangular cross section was that the pulses did not always span the column cross section, unlike the case in small-diameter columns. The lower pressure drop and pulse velocity in the packed bed of rectangular cross section are believed to result from the bypassing of gas around the edge of the pulses. The location of the pulses was found to depend on the quality of gas and liquid distribution at the top of the column, and the shape of the top surface of the packing. A distributor configuration in which the gas was injected directly into the bed was found to be the most desirable, and is recommended in industrial practice.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690321011
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  • 59
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prediction of rate constants for combustion and pyrolysis reactions by bimolecular QRRK (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1971-1979 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Bimolecular QRRK (Quantum Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel) analysis is a simple method for calculating rate constants of addition and recombination reactions, based on unimolecular quantum-RRK theory. Input parameters are readily derived, and rate constants and reaction branching can be predicted with remarkable accuracy. Such predictive power makes the method especially useful in developing mechanisms of elementary reactions. Furthermore, from the bimolecular QRRK equations, limiting forms of the rate constants in the limits of low and high pressure are developed. Addition/stabilization is pressure-dependent at low pressure but pressure-independent at high pressure, as is conventionally understood for simple decomposition, its reverse. In distinct contrast, addition with chemically activated decomposition has the opposite behavior: pressure independence at low pressure and pressure dependence [as (pressure)-1] at high pressure. The method is tested against data and illustrated by calculations for O + CO → CO2; for H + O2 → HO2 or O + OH; for H + C2H4 → C2H5 or C2H3 + H2; and for H + C2H3 → C2H4 or H2 + C2H2.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690321206
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  • 60
    Electronic Resource
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    Gas separation by high-flux, asymmetric hollow-fiber membrane (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 2020-2027 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A mathematical model of multicomponent permeation systems with high-flux, asymmetric hollow-fiber membranes is presented. The model takes into account the permeate pressure variation inside the fiber. In the special case of negligible permeate pressure drop, the model yields a simple analytical solution for membrane area calculation that eliminates the numerical integration step required in existing methods. Laboratory multicomponent permeation experiments have verified the mathematical model and have demonstrated the technical feasibility of using the high-flux asymmetric cellulose acetate hollow fiber for H2, CO2, and H2S separation. It is shown that the selectivity of the cellulose acetate membrane is ideally suited to the recovery of hydrogen from the purge gas of reactor recycle loops. For the separation of high-concentration CO2 or H2S, the test data show that the permeabilities of the individual components in mixed gas permeation are significantly different from those of pure gases.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690321212
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  • 61
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    Continuous thermodynamics of phase equilibria using a multivariate distribution function and an equation of state (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 2067-2078 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The dew points of 40 multicomponent fluid mixtures including gas condensates, absorber oils, crude oils, synthetic aromatic heavy oils, and coal liquids were calculated using the method of continuous thermodynamics and the Patel-Teja cubic equation of state. These multicomponent mixtures were characterized by a log normal distribution function in two variables: the boiling point and specific gravity in this work. Comparisons were made with the case when a single variable distribution function is employed and also with the method of Cotterman et al. In general, the new method leads to excellent predictions of both phase equilibria and liquid densities.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690321217
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  • 62
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    The hydrodynamics of trickling flow in packed beds. Part I: Conduit models (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 353-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The hydrodynamics of trickling flow in packed beds is modeled by representing the porous medium as an array of parallel conduits of circular cross section.First, a straight tube model is developed and analytical solutions are obtained for the relative permeabilities of the gas and liquid phases. Then a periodically constricted tube model is proposed and the equations of motion are solved numerically to determine the effect that surface tension forces have on the relative permeabilities. The constricted tube model predicts that the relative permeabilities of the phases are appreciably sensitive to surface tension forces, a prediction that seems at odds with experimental observations. This discrepancy may be caused by the assumption of fully wetted surface area of particles employed in the model.The straight tube model confirms experimental results indicating that the liquid phase relative permeability is, for practical purposes, insensitive to the gas flow rate and to the gas-to-liquid density and viscosity ratios. Both conduit models show that the gas phase relative permeability curves are strong functions of the gas phase Reynolds number when this parameter is small. For large gas Reynolds numbers, a single curve for the relative permeability as a function of saturation is obtained. These trends are observed in previous experimental studies.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320302
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    The hydrodynamics of trickling flow in packed beds. Part II: Experimental observations (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 369-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The liquid holdup and the pressure drop for two-phase trickling flow in a packed bed were measured experimentally. Different values of those parameters were obtained as the liquid flow rate was increased and then decreased, indicating a multiplicity in hydrodynamic states. This behavior was observed even when the gas flow rate was zero in the bed. It was determined that the hysteresis exhibited by the process is due to imperfect wetting of the packing and to the difference between advancing and receding contact angles at the gas-liquid-solid contact lines. The reduced wetting conditions are also the cause of the increase in liquid holdup observed when the surface tension of the liquid is decreased. In this case, the amount of liquid retained in the bed is controlled by the extension of the wetted regions due to the more favorable contact angles as the surface tension decreases. The transition from the trickling to the pulsing flow regime was also dependent on the history of the process.A new correlation for predicting liquid holdups and pressure drops for trickling flow in packed beds is proposed for the decreasing liquid flow rate operating mode. This correlation is based on the experimental determination of the liquid phase relative permeability as a function of the the liquid phase reduced saturation and the determination of the gas phase relative permeability as a function of the gas phase saturation and the gas phase Reynolds number. The new data are analyzed in the light of the theory developed in the first part of this paper.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320303
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    Electronic Resource
    A local composition model for the excess Gibbs energy of aqueous electrolyte systems (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 444-454 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The electrolyte nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL) model proposed by Chen et al. (1982) is generalized to represent the excess Gibbs energy of aqueous multicomponent electrolyte systems. Using only binary parameters, the model correlates and predicts the deviation from ideality of aqueous multicomponent electrolyte systems over the entire range of temperature and concentration.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320311
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    Electronic Resource
    Interactions of precipitation/dissolution waves and ion exchange in flow through permeable media (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 751-764 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper describes reactive flow in permeable media based on a numerical model that assumes local thermodynamic equilibrium. The model simulates single-phase, one-dimensional flow with greater generality than any model in the current literature. The mathematical foundation for the formulation is discussed in some detail. Results for hypothetical examples demonstrate that ion exchange and precipitation/dissolution of solids can interact to produce wave behavior not possible with either phenomenon alone. An important application involving both ion exchange and precipitation/dissolution is alkaline flooding. Model predictions for several laboratory alkaline floods indicate that the assumption of equilibrium is justified for these experiments. Simple calculations based on the equilibrium theory provide estimates of pH loss and hydroxide penetration distance.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320505
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  • 66
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lagrangian dispersion in turbulent flow from laser transit anemometry (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 782-788 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The Lagrangian dispersion function in turbulent flow can be determined from measurements of the probability that a particle which is observed in a small volume is not observed in a similar size volume downstream. In this work a single-detector method is proposed to detect the particle arrivals in a multiple series of scattering volumes; the probability can be determined from the digital record over a long time compared to the turbulent integral time scale. The method is tested at locations downstream of a water spray nozzle and a submerged jet of dilute polymer solutions.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320508
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effective heat transfer parameters for transient packed-bed models (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 809-819 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A general theory is presented for the prediction of effective axial conductivity and overall radial heat transfer coefficient for fluid flow through packed beds, under either transient or steady state conditions. The parameters to be used in each case may be quite different, depending on the dominant phase for heat transfer. The theory unifies all previous results and explains conflicting conclusions arrived at by different workers. The ability of a pseudohomogeneous model to reproduce packedbed transients is shown to depend upon the choice of effective parameters.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320511
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    Electronic Resource
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    Vertical upward cocurrent gas-liquid annular flow (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 829-843 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Upward cocurrent gas-liquid annular flow was investigated in a 50.8 mm ID cylindrical vertical pipe. The film flow was studied by measuring instantaneous local film thickness, wall shear stress, and pressure gradient. Analysis of these data revealed that at low gas flow rates the film motion is controlled by a switching mechanism, as speculated by Moalem-Maron and Dukler (1984). In the region of high gas flow rates the switching process is suppressed and traveling roll waves characterize the film motion.
    Additional Material: 33 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320513
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    Fluid mixing technology by James Y. Oldshue, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1983, 574 pp., $41.00 (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1403-1403 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320826
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  • 70
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    What every engineer should know about computer modeling and simulation by D. M. Ingels, Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1985, 176 pp., $27.50 (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1403-1404 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320828
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  • 71
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    Natural gas separation using supported liquid membranes (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1558-1560 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320917
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  • 72
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    High-Performance multivariable control strategies for systems having time delays (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 914-931 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new high-performance multivariable time delay compensator is presented that contains the Ogunnaike-Ray compensator as a special case, reduces to the Smith predictor for a single delay, and approaches the realizable part of the process inverse as a limit. The straightforward design procedure is illustrated with several distillation control examples.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320603
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    A study of separation efficiency in thermal diffusion columns with a permeable vertical barrier (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 971-980 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A separation theory in thermal diffusion columns with a permeable vertical barrier has been derived by making use of the orthogonal expansion method. It is shown that the undesirable remixing effect can be effectively reduced and controlled by introducing a permeable vertical barrier. Considerable improvement in separation was obtained when the position of the barrier was carefully chosen.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320607
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  • 74
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    Gas-liquid reaction systems: A heuristic model and its steady solutions (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 981-990 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: To identify conditions under which gas-liquid reaction systems exhibit natural oscillations, a model is formulated in which the time scales of the elementary processes play a leading role. The steady solutions of the model problem are investigated, with the finding that at most one solution may lie in each of five temperature ranges, each range corresponding to a dominant physicochemical process.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320608
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    Effect of interfacial shear and entrainment models on flooding predictions (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1027-1035 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320613
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    Pole-placement self-tuning control of a fixed-bed autothermal reactor. Part II: Multivariable control (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1015-1024 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The multiinput/multioutput pole-placement self-tuning controller (MIMO PPSTC) previously developed by McDermott and Mellichamp is used to control a fixed-bed autothermal reactor with internal countercurrent heat exchange. The performance of the controller is demonstrated using step changes in the set points and in the primary disturbance variables. It is shown that the complete temperature profile can be maintained by controlling two temperatures in the catalyst bed: one just before the hot spot and the other at the exit of the bed. Simulated results using a 36th-order nonlinear reactor model operating at both an open-loop upper stable steady state and an open-loop unstable steady state are presented. Experimental results for a fixed-bed autothermal reactor operating at an upper stable state are presented.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320611
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    Catalysis and surface science edited by H. Heinemann and G. A. Somorjai, Marcel Dekker, NY, 1985, $75.00 (U.S.A. and Canada), $90.00 (all other countries) (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1053-1053 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320618
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    LETTERS TO THE EDITOR (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1055-1056 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320622
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  • 79
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    Exploiting the Gibbs-Duhem equation in separation calculations (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1057-1066 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Various ways of building quasi-Newton matrix approximations that satisfy the special form of the Gibbs-Duhem equation are studied. Partition symmetry, the separability of the functions in γ and in φ, and the method of iterated projections are used in order to develop thermodynamically consistent matrix approximations with good secant information. Many examples are presented which show that exploiting the special form of the Gibbs-Duhem equation results in improved numerical performance. Ways of exploiting the Gibbs-Helmholtz equation in addition to the special form of Gibbs-Duhem equation, and thus the isobaric form of the Gibbs-Duhem equation, are also discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320702
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  • 80
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Particle size improvement by a countercurrent tower crystallizer (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1099-1107 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A continuous, staged-feed column crystallizer was investigated to obtain enlarged product size distribution in precipitation from solution. Stage population balances, in moment form, were solved analytically for several single-feed configurations. It was found that internal staging permits control of the solids concentration profile, and if collision nucleation is unimportant then countercurrent operation yields the greatest product size enlargement. Nucleation kinetic parameters for a given salt indicate the potential product size improvement, compared to product from an MSMPR crystallizer of equal volume.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320706
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  • 81
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fractionating condensation and evaporation in plate-fin devices (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1116-1124 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A model that describes fractionation with condensation and evaporation in a plate-fin device has been formulated. It is capable of evaluating profiles of composition, temperature, and flow rate for both liquid and vapor streams in an extended surface device. The device may be adiabatic or nonadiabatic and the surface may be incompletely wetted. Compared to experimental measurements, the model predictions showed ± 1 number of transfer unit deviation along the length of the device. The predictions of the top and bottom flow rate ratio showed a 5-10% deviation for adiabatic and condensation runs and a 25% deviation for evaporation runs.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320708
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  • 82
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    Electronic Resource
    Treatment of gas-solid adsorption data by the error-in-variables method (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1138-1145 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A recently developed error-in-variables method of calculating regression parameters was applied to the modeling of gas-solid adsorption equilibria. The method accounts for error in all experimental variables in the regression calculations. Regression coefficients from pure component data calculated by the new method were used to predict multicomponent equilibria. The multicomponent predictions using pure component parameters calculated by the error-in-variables method were more accurae than predictions using parameters calculated by conventional least-squares regression.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320711
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    Connectivity effects for surface diffusion of adsorbed gases (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1158-1168 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Nonlocal models for the surface transport of adsorbed gases on solids are proposed and compared to experimental data. These models take into account connectivity effects due to heterogeneous adsorption potential surfaces and introduce a more realistic calculation of the surface mean free path.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320713
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  • 84
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    Mechanisms and kinetic modeling of calcium oxalate crystal aggregation in a urinelike liquor. Part I: Mechanisms (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1176-1185 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The tendency for aggregation and disruption of aggregates of calcium oxalate dihydrate (CaOx) crystals in urinelike mother liquor was quantitatively studied in a two-stage mixed-suspension, mixed-productremoval crystallizer/Couette-flow aggregator operated in series. The degree of aggregation was obtained by comparing measured numbersize and volume-size crystal distributions in the crystallizer and aggregator outlets. Aggregation was a strong function of CaOx supersaturation and may have changed slightly with rotation speed in the Couette-flow aggregator. Rupture of the aggregates increased as the spindle rotation in the aggregator increased (presumably increasing turbulence). Average shear rates in these experiments were appreciably above estimated physiological levels.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320715
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    Band-aging catalyst deactivation: Analytical solutions (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1205-1207 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320718
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    A bidisperse porosity approach to dilution in catalyst pellets with uniform distribution of active material (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1216-1220 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320721
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  • 87
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    On the determination of minimum fluidization velocity by the method of yang et al (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1227-1229 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320724
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  • 88
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    Masthead (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320801
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  • 89
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    Liquid phase oxidation kinetics of oil sands bitumen: Models for in situ combustion numerical simulators (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1242-1252 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Multiresponse kinetic models are established for the low-temperature oxidation (LTO) reactions of Athabasca oil sands bitumen. The models provide adequate description of the overall rate of oxygen consumption and of the reactions of the liquid phase bitumen components. The LTO models are suitable for use in the in situ combustion numerical simulators of the oil sands.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320803
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  • 90
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    Modeling of coal liquefaction kinetics based on reactions in continuous mixtures. Part I: Theory (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1277-1287 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Based on the concept of reactions in a continuum, a mathematical model has been developed to simulate coal liquefaction kinetics. In an excess hydrogen donor environment, the rate-limiting reactions are considered to be irreversible cracking reactions involving cleavage of carbon and oxygen linkages. Concurrent evolution of a wide spectrum of products, with an initial rapid formation of species of high carbon and oxygen contents, followed by progressively slower reactions leading to lower carbon and oxygen content species is predicted. Simple lumping functions are employed to obtain conventional lumped pseudocomponents (preasphaltenes, asphaltenes, and oils). Parameter analysis has been carried out.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320806
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  • 91
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Turbulent reactive mixing with a series-parallel reaction: Effect of mixing on yield (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1312-1320 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The yield of a nonpremixed series-parallel reaction at complete conversion was measured in a turbulent, tubular-flow reactor with single and multijet feeds. The yield of the intermediate decreased as mixing was slowed relative to the chemical kinetics, either by decreasing the Reynolds number, or by using a less efficient mixing device, or by increasing the feed concentration.Four models, a modified slab model, a modified stretch model, the Harada mass transfer model, and a new closure model, adequately predict the yield when chemical and mixing kinetics are known from independent measurements of the conversion of acid-base reactions. Without modification, the original slab and stretch models are unable to account for the earlier observed invariance of conversion to Schmidt number of very rapid, single-step reactions or to satisfactorily predict the yield of the series-parallel reaction.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320809
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  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A receding interface model for the drying of slurry droplets (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1334-1346 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A receding interface model of the drying of single drops of slurries of sodium sulfate decahydrate has been developed to describe the drying characteristics of this material and to estimate the drying rates of particulate slurries. The simultaneous heat and mass transfer rate equations have been solved numerically, and the results obtained have been compared with those obtained experimentally by drying single drops suspended on the tip of a glass filament.Single drops of slurries, 1.0 to 1.5 × 10-3 m dia., were suspended on the tip of a flexible glass cantilever inserted in a vertical wind tunnel. A 50μm dia. nickel wire passed through the center of the glass beam and the outer surface was coated with a thin film of copper, thereby forming a thermocouple that measured the temperature of the core of the drop; the deflection of the beam gave the loss in weight during drying. In this way the instantaneous drying rate and drop temperature were determined and compared with those predicted by the receding interface model. In all cases the agreement between the predictions of the model and experimental results was good.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320811
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  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identifiability and distinguishability of fundamental parameters in catalytic methanation (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1360-1366 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Methods are presented to determine structural identifiability and distinguishability of parametric models. Results are applied to transient isotope tracing of methanation over a nickel catalyst. More meaningful information is obtained in this way about fundamental parameters than is possible by empirical curve-fitting.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320813
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  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Partial derivatives of thermodynamic properties (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1389-1392 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320818
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthetic membrane processes: Fundamentals and water applications, a monograph on water pollution edited by Georges Belfort, Academic Press, 1984, 552 pp (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1401-1401 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320821
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interfacial phenomena. Equilibrium and dynamic effects by Clarence A. Miller and P. Neogi, Marcel Dekker, 1985, 354 pp., $69.50 (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1402-1402 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320824
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mixing in the process industries by N. Harnby, M. F. Edwards, and A. W. Nienow, Butterworths, London, 1985, 374 pp., $87.95 (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1403-1403 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320827
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320901
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A unified approach for prediction of thermodynamic properties of aqueous mixed-electrolyte solutions. Part I: Vapor pressure and heat of vaporization (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1419-1428 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The overall nonideality of an aqueous mixed electrolyte solution is characterized in terms of a newly defined parameter Γ*, called the overall reduced ionic activity coefficient. It is shown that Γ* for the mixed solution is simply related to the properties of single-electrolyte solutions. Γ* is related to the vapor pressure of a mixed-electrolyte solution through well-known thermodynamic equations. This leads to a predictive equation for the vapor pressure of a mixed-electrolyte solution in terms of the vapor pressures of single-electrolyte solutions of the components. This equation is valid over the entire concentration range encountered in practice, without any empirical constants, and has a predictive accuracy of 2%. A predictive equation for the latent heat of vaporization is also developed and tested against experimental data.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320903
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrooxidation of urea at the ruthenium titanium oxide electrode (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1450-1458 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Urea adsorbs on the ruthenium titanium oxide electrode, depressing the observed current. For artificial kidney dialysate concentrations of urea and NaCl (0.50 kg/m3 and 100 mol/m3, respectively), the major electrolysis products are N2, CO2, O2, and H2, and the reaction mechanism is solution oxidation of urea by anodically generated active chlorine. A nitrogen-yielding direct electrode reaction is observed at high urea concentration (30 kg/m3) and low NaCl concentration (10-100 mol/m3).
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320906
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