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  • 2020-2022
  • 1990-1994  (1,759)
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  • 1992  (1,759)
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  • 2020-2022
  • 1990-1994  (1,759)
  • 1960-1964
  • 1945-1949
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Healing of ischemic colonic anastomosis: Fibrin sealant does not improve wound healing (1992)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 35 (1992), S. 884-891 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Rat ; Colon ; Anastomosis ; Wound healing ; Tissue adhesive ; Ischemia ; Bursting pressure ; Collagen ; Adhesions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Fibrin adhesives have been advocated as a protective sealant in high-risk colonic anastomoses to prevent leakage. To assess the effect of fibrin glue sealing on the healing ischemic anastomosis, we compared the healing of sutured colonic anastomoses in the rat, with and without fibrin adhesive (Groups IA and IB), and ischemic anastomoses with and without fibrin adhesive (Groups IIA and IIB). On days two, four, and seven, 10 animals in each group were sacrificed. Adhesion formation was scored, and the in situ bursting pressure was measured. The collagen concentration and degradation were estimated by measuring hydroxyproline. Adhesion formation was more prominent in Groups IB, IIA, and IIB on day four only; abscesses were noted in the ischemic group in four rats. Anastomotic bursting pressure was significantly lower in sealed (IB) and ischemic anastomoses (IIA) than in normal anastomoses (IA) on day four. Sealing of ischemic anastomoses did not change bursting pressures on days two, four, and seven. The relative decrease of collagen in the sealed anastomoses is significantly higher on day four only. It is concluded that sealing of normal colonic anastomoses in the rat has a negative effect on wound healing. Ischemia at the anastomotic site results in weaker anastomotic strength on day four postoperatively. Also in ischemic anastomoses, fibrin sealant does not improve wound healing during the first seven days. Adhesion formation on ischemic intestinal anastomoses was not prevented by fibrin sealing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02047878
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell populations in the lesion of human cutaneous leishmaniasis: A light microscopical, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 421 (1992), S. 239-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Human cutaneous leishmaniasis ; Skin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To characterize the in situ cellular immune response in localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL), the authors studied frozen skin biopsies from 50 patients with LCL due toLeishmania braziliensis guyanensis. A panel of 31 monoclonal antibodies was used, which defined the number and distribution of inflammatory cell subsets. Skin inflammatory infiltrates were composed of T cells (with a local CD4/CD8 ratio of 1.05±0.7 vs 1.48±0.3 in peripheral blood), macrophages and a smaller number of B cells, natural killer cells and granulocytes. Most of the T cells expressed activation markers (interleukin-2 and transferrin receptors, HLA-DR+) and an increase in T-cell-receptorγδ expression was noted. Analysis of the CD4+ subpopulations with newly available reagents showed that helper T cells (CD4+CD45RO+) exceeded the suppressor/inducer subset (CD4+CD45RA+) by 1.4∶1. There were no differences between local immune variables from patients with primary infection (45 patients) and those with recurrence (5). In 7 patients, biopsies were analysed before and 1 month after specific treatment, and did not show significant differences except for a small increase of dermal CD1a+ (Langerhans) cells/mm2. The observed pattern of cellular skin infiltration suggests an immune-mediated tissue injury including T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity and delayed hypersensitivity reactions in addition to direct parasitic action.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01611181
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amino acids as well as polyols and methylamines accumulated in rat kidney during dehydration (1992)
    Springer
    Amino acids 3 (1992), S. 131-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-2199
    Keywords: Amino acids ; Osmolytes ; Dehydration ; Rat ; Taurine ; Myoinositol ; Sorbitol ; Betaine ; Glycerophosphorylcholine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary During antidiuresis cells in the renal inner medulla contain large amounts of sorbitol, myo-inositol, glycerophosphorylcholine and betaine to adjust the intracellular osmolality to the extracellular hyperosmolality. Although the accumulation of these four major organic osmolytes in the inner medulla of the dehydrated animal has been a consistent finding, the role of another class of organic osmolytes, amino acids, in osmoregulation in the kidney remains controversial. In the present study, renal responses of four major osmolytes and amino acids to dehydration were investigated using two HPLC systems. Taurine levels were significantly higher in the inner medulla of the dehydrated rats as compared with the control rats, and increased monotonically from the cortex to the inner medulla along the corticopapillary axis in the dehydrated rats. As for four major osmolytes, we confirm previously reported patterns in antidiuresis in greater detail. In conclusion, not only the four major osmolytes but taurine also plays a salient role in the osmoregulation in the kidney.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00806778
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The glomerular mesangium: capillary support function and its failure under experimental conditions (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 70 (1992), S. 843-856 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Kidney ; Glomerulus ; Mesangium ; Mesangial failure ; Electron microscopy ; Animal models
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We present a structural analysis of the ability of the biomechanical unit consisting of mesangium and glomerular basement membrane to maintain normal capillary architecture in the face of mechanical challenges due to high intraglomerular pressures. Capillary support function may be considered in terms of the stabilization of local form (development of wall tension against capillary dilation) and global form (centripetal fixation of capillary loops to maintain higher order form). The pathologic consequences of the loss of this support are illustrated by way of experimental models of mechanical mesangial failure. Such failure may express itself as mesangial widening, increased transmesangial macromolecule “traffic,” ballooning of capillary segments, and unfolding of capillary loops. Mechanisms are described by which these structural changes may lead to segmental glomerular sclerosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00180755
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of the effects of losigamone and its isomers on maximal electroshock induced convulsions in mice and on three different patterns of low magnesium induced epileptiform activity in slices of the rat temporal cortex (1992)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 345 (1992), S. 85-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Entorhinal cortex ; Isomers ; Low magnesium epilepsy ; Losigamone ; Maximal electroshock test ; Mice ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Losigamone (AO-33) is a recemate of a tetronic acid derivative. The effects of losigamone and its three isomers (AO-242, AO-294 and AO-23) were compared on maximal electroshock (MES) induced convulsions in mice and on different patterns of extracellularly recorded, low Mg 2+ induced epileptiform activity in slices of the rat temporal cortex. Lowering Mg 2+ induced recurrent short discharges in areas CA3 and CA1 while ictaform events that lasted for many seconds were induced in the entorhinal cortex. In the hippocampus the activity stayed stable over a number of hours. In contrast, the ictaform events in the entorhinal cortex changed their characteristics after one to two hours to recurrent discharges of 0.8 to 10 s. Afterdischarges and interictal events were absent. 50 μM AO-242 showed a similar efficacy to 50 μM AO-33 in reducing and blocking epileptiform discharges in areas CA1 and CA3 while 50 μM AO-294 and 50 μM AO-23 had weaker effects than 50 μM AO-33. Concentrations of 50 μM and 100 μM AO-242 showed a similar efficacy to AO-33 on ictaform events in the entorhinal cortex. Late recurrent discharges were also blocked by AO-33 and AO-242 although at higher concentrations (300 μM). The in vitro observations are with respect to order of efficacy in accordance with the in vivo data obtained in the maximal electroshock test in mice. The order of potency in the MES test was AO-242〉AO-33≫AO-294≫ AO-23. The results show that the erythro-isomer AO-23, although active, is much less potent than AO-33. Of the two optical isomers of losigamone the (+) isomer AO-242 is more active than the (−) form AO-294.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00175474
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TNF induces cytoplasmic vesicles in actinomycin D-treated K 562 cells (1992)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 65 (1992), S. 50-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: TNF ; K 562 ; Leukemia ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We report here that tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) induces peculiar cytoplasmic vesicles in the human erythromyeloid leukemia cell line K 562, sensitized to the cytotoxic action of TNF by a treatment with the inhibitor of transcription actinomycin D. These vesicles are well delineated ultrastructurally. The formation of these vesicles is characteristic for the combination of actinomycin D with TNF and precedes the changes of apoptosis and cellular disintegration. These vesicles correspond to an intermediate step in the cytotoxicity caused by TNF and may indicate that reactive metabolites are involved in the mechanism of action of TNF.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01715127
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Verapamil induces increased bone volume and osteopenia in female rats but has the opposite effect in male rats (1992)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 50 (1992), S. 524-526 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Verapamil ; Bone ; Osteopenia ; Rat ; Female ; Intestinal calcium absorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Verapamil inhibits the intestinal absorption of calcium (Ca) and increases serum parathyroid hormone in rats. The effects of verapamil on bone tissue after long-term treatment is, however, not well described. Adult female and male Sprague-Dawley rats received verapamil in their drinking water at a dosage of 0.075 mg/ml (low dose) or 0.75 mg/ml (high dose) for 12 weeks; control rats received only drinking water. All rats were fed a diet containing 0.1% Ca and 0.5% P. In female rats, the amount of bone ash per volume was significantly reduced from 0.742 g/ml in controls to 0.713 g/ml after low-dose treatment of verapamil, and to 0.667 g/ml following high-dose treatment (P〈0.01). The tibial length was increased from 39.7 mm in controls to 40.3 mm or to 40.7 mm after low or high doses (P〈0.01). The tibial volume increased from 0.385 ml in controls to 0.397 ml after low doses and to 0.429 ml after high doses (P〈0.01). In contrast, in male rats the amount of bone ash per volume was significantly increased from 0.578 g/ml in controls to 0.580 g/ml after low doses and to 0.620 g/ml after high doses of verapamil (P〈0.01). The tibial bone volume in males as decreased from 0.633 ml in controls to 0.641 ml after low doses and to 0.583 ml after high doses (P〈0.05). The tibial length in the males was not changed by verapamil. The intestinal absorption of Ca was reduced in male rats from 5.28 in controls to 4.03 (serosa/mucosa) after low-dose treatment and to 2.46 after high-dose treatment with verapamil (P〈0.05). In female rats, the intestinal absorption of Ca did not change after verapamil treatment. Thus, chronic treatment with verapamil in female rats induced osteopenia whereas in male rats bone growth was inhibited.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00582167
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bone blood flow and In vitro proliferation of bone marrow and trabecular bone osteoblast-like cells in ovariectomized rats (1992)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 50 (1992), S. 336-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Rat ; Osteoblast-like culture ; Ovariectomy ; Estrogens ; Bone blood supply
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Ovariectomy in the rat induces a rapid osteopenia associated with an elevated bone turnover. One hundred and twenty-day-old rats were ovariectomized (OVX) or sham-operated (n=6–8 per group and per time period studied). 45Ca accretion rate and bone blood flow (microspheres trapping technique) in the femurs were determined at 28, 42, 84, and 119 days after ovariectomy. Both parameters were markedly increased by 84 days and subsided thereafter. At the 42nd day, when bone turnover was maximal, bone marrow and trabecular bone cultures were obtained from shamoperated and ovariectomized animals (n=10/group). Proliferation rate of bone marrow cells and trabecular osteoblast-like cells estimated by fibroblast colony-forming units (FCFU) efficiency and cell counting was markedly increased in primary and secondary cultures in ovariectomy. These data fitted well with the enhanced number of osteoblasts observed in situ in the long bone metaphyses of estrogen-depleted animals. As estrogens were shown in the literature to inhibit proliferation of the red cell line and of other hemopoietic lines, it is possible that estrogens, through a general mechanism, inhibit hemopoietic and stromal lines and also the proliferation of bone marrow-derived trabecular bone cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00301631
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro formation of mineralized nodules by periodontal ligament cells from the rat (1992)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 50 (1992), S. 459-467 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Periodontal ligament fibroblast ; Mineralized nodule ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The purposes of this study were to determine whether periodontal ligament (PDL) cells are capable of producing mineralized nodules in vitro and to analyze ultrastructural features of the nodules. Rat PDL cells were obtained from coagulum in the socket at 2 days after tooth extraction and cultured at confluence in standard medium containing Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium supplemented with 10% FBS and antibiotics. To test mineralized nodule formation, cells were further cultured for an additional 3 weeks in the standard medium containing (1) ascorbic acid (50 μg/ml) and sodium β-glycerophosphate (10 mM), (2) ascorbic acid, sodium β-glycerophosphate, and dexamethasone (5 μM), or (3) ascorbic acid alone. Cells were then fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde, postfixed in 1% OsO4, and prepared for light and electron microscopy. Threedimensional nodules containing mineralized matrices were formed only when the cells were cultured in the presence of ascorbic acid and dexamethasone. They were composed of multilayered fibroblasts (up to 13 layers), and highly organized collagen fibrils with 64 nm cross-banding patterns between the cell layers. The fibroblasts in the nodules exhibited an elongated shape with a high degree of cytoplasmic polarity throughout the nodule, and have the morphological features of PDL fibroblasts as seen in vivo. Mineral deposition with needle-like crystals was initiated on collagen fibrils located in intercellular spaces of the upper cell layers and became increasingly heavier towards the bottom half of the nodules. X-ray microanalysis and electron diffraction analysis confirmed that mineral deposition contained calcium and phosphate in the form of immature hydroxyapatite. These nodules contained neither osteoblasts nor osteocytes, and have their own morphological organization and characteristics which differ from those formed by bone cells in culture. Therefore, these data suggest that PDL cells are capable of forming mineralized tissue in vitro with the morphological characteristics different from bone mineralized nodules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296778
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of tactile stimulation of nipples on the milk ejection reflex in the rat (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 170 (1992), S. 645-650 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Milk ejection reflex ; Positive pressure oscillations ; Motor activity of pups ; Tactile stimulation of nipples ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Changes of positive pressure exerted by pups on nipples during sucking were investigated using anesthetized, lactating dams. It was found that, every 50–60 s, individual pups performed bouts of pressure oscillations (3/s) of high amplitude which lasted about 10–12 s and coincided with periods of increased motor activity. During the intervals, when pups were quiet, series of low-amplitude oscillations (3/s) were also observed. Using a strain measuring method to record the activity of sucking pups, synchronization of activity of two or more pups was found to occur periodically every 25–30 s and, most frequently, 10–30 s before the reflex increase of milk pressure. In further experiments, artificial tactile stimulation was applied to the dam's nipples using the joint action of suction and positive pressure. Following a short-term (10–20 s) increase in frequency and amplitude of artificial nipple stimulation, 60%–80% of all reflexive peaks of milk pressure were elicited with a latency of 19 ± 5 s. This suggests that there are specific conditions under which the stimulation of nipples by pups may trigger the formation of the milk ejection reflex in the rat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00199340
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of lesion of the inferior olivary complex by 3-acetylpyridine on learning and memory in the rat (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 171 (1992), S. 657-664 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Inferior olivary complex ; Cerebellum ; 3-acetylpyridine ; Harmaline ; Learning ; Memory ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary DA/HAN-strained male rats (pigmented rats) were submitted to two experimental tasks consisting of spatial learning (water-escape) and a passive avoidance conditioning. Both these tasks were performed by different animals. In order to destroy the inferior olivary complex, the animals were injected with 3-acetylpyridine either 9 days prior to the initial learning session or 24 h after completion of the learning task. They were retested (retrieval test) 10 days after the initial learning was achieved. Learning and retention were compared to those noted in control rats. Administration of 3-acetylpyridine before the initial learning did not prevent the spatial learning but the scores were greatly altered and the number of trials needed to reach the fixed learning criterion was much greater than in controls. However, 10 days later the animals had memorized their initial experience. Injection of 3-acetylpyridine after the initial learning session impaired memory: the animals had completely forgotten their initial learning. It can therefore be concluded that lesion of the afferent climbing fibres to the cerebellar cortex alters learning and retention of a spatial task. Such a lesion does not interfere with learning and retention of a passive avoidance conditioning, since in this condition the experimental animals injected with 3-acetylpyridine either before or after the initial learning behave similarly to controls. The effects of the inferior olivary complex lesion are obviously different according to the task to be learnt, suggesting that these two tasks do not require the integrity of the same nervous structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00194113
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure and cytochemistry of circulating erythrocytes during the annual cycle of Rana esculenta L. (1992)
    Springer
    Comparative clinical pathology 2 (1992), S. 166-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2981
    Keywords: Erythrocytes ; Flow cytometry ; Frog hibernation ; Image analysis ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Morphometrical (image analysis of cell and nuclear shape factor), morphological (electron microscopy) and cytochemical (acridine orange fluoro-chromasia and propidium iodide-DNA flow cytometry) features of circulating red blood cells were investigated during two periods of the annual cycle of Rana esculenta: the active phase (July) and the underground hibernating phase (January). The results showed that the hibernating phase is marked by more homogeneity of the red cells, both at nuclear (strongly condensed chromatin) and cytoplasmic level (loss of intact organelles and acridine orange fluorochromasia). The almost complete disappearance of the ‘immature’ erythrocytes from the circulation, during the hibernating phase, should be related to a decrease of haemopoietic activity and to an increase of life span accompanied by uncommon storage in different organs both at vascular and intracellular level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00426172
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analytical aspects of FRCS (Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorter) identification of rat T and B peripheral lymphocytes in toxicity studies (1992)
    Springer
    Comparative clinical pathology 2 (1992), S. 220-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2981
    Keywords: FACS ; Rat ; T and B lymphocytes ; FITCand PE-conjugated MoAbs ; Toxicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract There is a strong need for generation and publication of reference values of immunotoxicity parameters within experimental and toxicological areas. This is particularly true where the type of distribution of reference values and thus the statistical method to be employed is often unknown and will become necessary if current official proposals to implement immune parameters into regulatory toxicity studies are adopted. T and B lymphocytes were identified and quantitated by Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorter Analysis (FACS, using either one or two colours) after labelling of lymphocytes in suspension with fluorescent monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs). For single labelling of T and B lymphocytes, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated monoclonal antibody (MoAb) Ox-19 and Mark-1 were used respectively. In double labelling, T and B lymphocytes were identified with phycoerythrin (PE)-conjugated Ox-19 and FITC-conjugated Mark-1 MoAbs respectively. The physicochemical stability shelf-life of labelled T lymphocytes was at least 24 h at 2–8°C permitting overnight storage before FACS analysis, whereas enumeration of B lymphocytes should preferably be done directly after labelling. The sum of the percentages of T and B lymphocytes obtained in the combined T+B lymphocyte analysis with FITC-conjugated Ox-19 and Mark-1 were compared with the sum of values obtained in separate experiments after single labelling, yielding an inaccuracy of 0.3%. The precision of B and T cell analysis after double labelling was found to be 8.2% and 0.5% respectively. Baseline data (reference/normal values) were obtained for rat T lymphocytes (63%–90%) and for B lymphocytes (7.5%–28%).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216098
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A unique case of naturally occurring mummification of human brain tissue (1992)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 105 (1992), S. 173-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Human brain tissue ; Natural mummification ; Histology ; Histochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Elemetal analysis ; Gehirn ; Mensch ; Naturaliche Mumifikation ; Histologie ; Histochemie ; Elektronenmikroskopie ; Atmospektralanalyse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei Ausgrabungen in Bulgarien wurden Schädel und Knochen von 39 Individuen im Alter zwischen 35 und 60 Jahren, die vor ca. 45–50 Jahren begraben wurden, gefunden. Bei der nachfolgenden gerichtsmedizinischen Experitse wurden in zwei intakten Schädeln und zwischen den Knochen anderer Schädel sieben harte Gebilde (zwei ganze und fünf Fragmente), die wie geschrumpfte menschliche Gehirne aussahen, identifiziert. Entsprechende Proben von diesem Material wurden für 3–4 Tage mit 15% wässriger Lösung von Glycerol weicher gemacht und danach lichtmikroskopisch und elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. An entsprechenden Stückchen von frischem menschlichem Gehirn und den gefundenen Proben wurde eine Atomspektral-analyse zur Bestimmung des chemischen Bestandes an Elementen durchgeführt. Die komplexe Untersuchung des Materials ergab, daß es sich bei diesem Fund um einen Sonderfall von natürlich mumifizierten menschlichen Gehirnen handelt, die durch sonderbare Bedingungen nur im Schädel der begrabenen Individuen entstanden sind.
    Notes: Summary When skulls and bones were exhumed from a mass grave in Bulgaria and subjected to medicolegal examination they were found to originate from 39 humans aged 36–60 years old who had been buried approximately 45–50 years ago. Solid structures which strongly resembled shrunken human brain tissue were found inside 2 intact skulls. Among other bones 5 similar structures were found one of which was an almost entirely preserved human brain, and the others were fragments from different regions of the human brain. Samples of these structures were immersed in 15% aqueous glycerol solution to soften and were examined by light and electron microscopy. Sampels of this material and of fresh human brain were subjected to elementary atomic spectral analysis. These complex studies indicated the samples to be naturally mummified human brain tissue and that this process had occurred due to specific conditions within the cranial cavities after burial.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01625172
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vascular and myofibrillar lesions in acute myoglobinuria associated with carnitine-palmityl-transferase deficiency (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 421 (1992), S. 57-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Carnitine-palmityl-transferase deficiency ; Acute vascular lesions ; Acute myofibrillar lesions ; Ischaemia ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of severe exercise-induced myoglobinuria in a 14-year-old boy suffering from a carnitine-palmityl-transferase (CPT) defect is reported. Biopsies of the forearm muscle were examined using light and electron microscopy in the acute and recovery phases of the illness. The first biopsy showed the presence of scattered foci of necrosis where necrotic fibres with occasional disruptions of the basal lamina were seen around injured capillaries. Various degrees of damage and different stages of evolution were found in these foci, which also contained regenerating muscle fibres. In the second biopsy, performed 2 weeks later, most of the fibres displayed a normal structure. Necrosis was no longer present. However, in some areas perivascular fibrosis was prominent, the fibres were small and irregularly shaped, and their nuclei often centrally located. These data strongly suggest that circulatory disorders and ischaemia, brought about by premature acute metabolic imbalance, could be involved in the development of exerciseinduced myolysis observed in CPT deficiency. The risk of fibrous cardiomyopathy in these patients is pointed out.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01607140
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The pathobiology of salivary gland (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 421 (1992), S. 105-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Parotid gland ; ras ; Transgenic mouse ; Electron microscopy ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the transgenic TG.SH (mouse mammary tumour virus/v-Ha-ras) mouse, designed to develop mammary tumours, occasional spontaneous salivary gland tumours have been reported, predominantly in males. The incidence and histomorphology of salivary gland tumours in 73 TG.SH mice were surveyed and in total, 21.9% developed both overt and microscopic parotid tumours. The majority developed between 73 and 150 days of age. In 31.5% of the TG.SH mice, occasional unilateral, but more frequently bilateral exophthalmos due to hyperplasia of the intraorbital (Harderian) lacrimal gland was observed. In 70% of these animals, parotid tumours developed later. Since Harderian gland hyperplasia, occurring as early as 5 weeks of age, preceded the development of palpable salivary gland lesions, this stigma is useful for the early selection of animals likely to progress to tumour formation. Before tumour-bearing transgenic mice are considered to be suitable models of human neoplastic disease, morphological characterization is necessary to ensure that the tumours are histologically representative of the human lesions for which they are potential models. In this study, all parotid tumours consisted of acinar-like glandular structures with central lumina discernible by electron microscopy. Ultrastructurally, secretory granules evident in the apical cytoplasm of the tumour cells resembled the zymogen granules of the normal parotid acinar cell, and some cells had a prominent complement of rough endoplasmic reticulum. These features, along with focal amylase expression detected immunohistochemically in some parotid tumours, identified these neoplasms as acinic cell carcinomas that mimic the human salivary gland acinic cell carcinoma faithfully.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01607042
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eccrine gland involvement in Krabbe's disease (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 421 (1992), S. 351-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Krabbe's disease ; Eccrine gland storage ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Lysosomal storage inclusions were observed in skin eccrine gland secretory and myoepithelial cells in three cases of Krabbe's disease. In addition to storage there were numerous degenerative changes, occasionally resulting in cell necrosis. These findings suggest a generalized nature of the storage process in this lysosomal enzymopathy and point to high galactocerebroside turnover in eccrine gland epithelium. This knowledge may be of value in the biopsy diagnosis of Krabbe's disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01660983
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multicystic mesothelial proliferation (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 421 (1992), S. 379-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Multicystic mesothelial proliferation ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; DNA analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We investigated the clinicopathological findings in five cases of multicystic mesothelial proliferation (MMP). All masses consisted of multiloculated cysts attached to pelvic organs and sometimes growing into the upper abdominal cavity. The cystic spaces were lined by flattened or cuboidal cells. The stroma showed fibrosis, oedema and chronic inflammation. Immunohistochemistry revealed strong positive staining for cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen, and focal positivity for vimentin and carcinoembryonic antigen. The endothelial markers were negative. Electron microscopy showed abundant surface microvilli and well-developed basal lamina. DNA analysis identified euploid cell populations in all cases. All but one case had a previous history of abdominal surgery. Despite the worrying appearance the clinical outcome was favourable in all cases; there was one recurrence. Clinical and pathological data support the hypothesis that MMP represent a reactive mesothelial proliferation and not a neoplastic process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01606909
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunopathological study of eosinophils in eosinophilic granuloma of bone: Evidence for release of three cationic proteins and subsequent uptake in macrophages (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 421 (1992), S. 255-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Eosinophilic granuloma of bone ; Eosinophil granule proteins ; Immunostaining ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Eosinophils from two patients with eosinophilic granuloma of bone (EGB) were studied by combined immunohistochemical and immuno-ultrastructural methods with antibodies directed against three eosinophil granule proteins: major basic protein, eosinophil cationic protein, and eosinophil peroxidase. Immunohistostaining showed the presence and distribution of large numbers of eosinophils in the granuloma. Immuno-ultrastructural methods showed alterations of eosinophil fine structure associated with some steps in the release of granule proteins. No granule extrusion was seen, but rather cationic proteins diffused within cytoplasmic tubulo-vesicular structures. Furthermore, the three granule proteins were found within phagolysosomes of surrounding macrophages, suggesting an interaction between eosinophils and phagocytic cells at the destructive stage of EGB.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01611183
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Small cell carcinoma of the ovary: An immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study with a review of the literature (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 421 (1992), S. 263-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Small cell carcinoma ; Ovary ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Literature review
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This is an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of two small cell carcinomas of the ovary with a review of the literature. These cases showed a dimorphic population of small and large cells sharply demarcated from each other. Cytokeratin 18 and vimentin were mainly expressed in the large tumour cells, some of which also stained for alpha-smooth muscle actin. Periodic-acid-Schiff-positive, alpha-1-antitrypsin-positive hyaline globules were present in one case. Ultrastructural findings included filamentous nucleolonema as well as evidence of smooth muscle differentiation. Some of these observations have not been previously reported. Certain of the above features seem to support a germ cell origin of small cell carcinoma, but they cannot be considered specific for germ cell neoplasms. Thus, small cell carcinoma of the ovary cannot be classified into one of the known categories of ovarian tumours at the present time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01611184
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies of intraluminal crystalloids in human prostatic carcinomas (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 421 (1992), S. 421-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Crystalloid ; Prostatic cancer ; Epithelial membrane antigen ; Phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin stain ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intraluminal crystalloids (ICr) observed in 19 cases of incidental or invasive human prostatic carcinoma (PCa) and in a case of benign prostatic hyperplasia were examined extensively by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. They were brilliantly eosinophilic with haematoxylin and eosin, manifesting needlelike, triangular, rectangular, hexagonal and irregular lump-like in shape. They were strongly positive, dark blue, with phosphotungstic acid -haematoxylin (PTAH) stain in all cases examined. Among the human antibodies tested, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) gave specifically positive immunostainability with ICr in all cases. Annual ring-like lamellar or concentric structures were detected by electron microscopy. Positive staining of ICr with PTAH and anti-EMA antibody is very useful as a diagnostic marker for PCa in human prostatic tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01606915
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural observations on cytotoxic effector cells infiltrating pancreatic islets of low-dose streptozocin treated mice (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 420 (1992), S. 5-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Islets of Langerhans ; Monocytic phagocytes ; Streptozocin ; Type 1 diabetes ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The aim of this study was to observe the ultrastructural events, during the onset of diabetes mellitus in the low-dose streptozocin (LDS)-treated mouse model with emphasis on the infiltrating elements. Forty male C57 BL/6J mice were given 40 mg/streptozocin on 5 consecutive days and killed 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, and 18 days after the first injection. Results demonstrated that islet infiltration occurring in LDS-treated mice is characterized by a very early pre-infiltration state in which mononuclear phagocytes in islet capillary vessels were considerably increased in number. A new histopathological time sequence for the early insulitis is described, in which attraction of blood mononuclear phagocytes into the islet capillary lumen is the first step. During the successive stage, occurring on days 6–8 we observed that mononuclear phagocytes migrate through capillary and venule walls into the islet parenchyma, where they differentiate into tissue macrophages. It was only later (step 3) that these macrophages acquired novel properties, typical of their “activated state” and started to phagocytose islet beta-cell debris. These data suggest that during the pre-infiltration and early insulitis the mononuclear phagocyte system plays a key role in the onset of LDS diabetes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01605977
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Malignant rhabdoid tumour of the uterus: an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 420 (1992), S. 459-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Malignant rhabdoid tumour ; Uterus ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Malignant rhabdoid tumours (MRTs) are highly aggressive neoplasms which most frequently occur in the kidney of young children. Several cases of primary MRT occurring in extra-renal sites have been reported, particularly in the soft tissues. We report a case of primary MRT of the uterus, a very rare site for this neoplasm, with morphological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features corresponding to restrictive morphological criteria for MRT. The possible differential diagnoses were considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600519
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of combined renovascular hypertension and diabetes mellitus on myocardial cells, non-vascular interstitium and capillaries: a stereological study on rat hearts (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 420 (1992), S. 499-506 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Diabetes mellitus ; Renovascular hypertension ; Myocardium ; Stereology ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of combined renovascular hypertension and diabetes mellitus on the rat heart were investigated in order to detect possible synergistic effects of the two conditions. Hypertensive diabetic and hypertensive non-diabetic animals were compared to diabetic and non-diabetic controls. Hypertension was established for 12 weeks by a surgical stenosis of the left renal artery; diabetes mellitus was maintained for 8 weeks by a single intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin. Light microscopic stereology did not reveal significant divergences between diabetic hypertensives and non-diabetic hypertensives. Hypertension induced a focal perivascular and interstitial fibrosis with increased volume densities of non-vascular interstitium and fibrosis (P〈0.001). Capillary density (QA) was decreased in transverse sections (P〈0.01) and increased in longitudinal sections (P〈0.01). This indicates a three-dimensional remodelling of the capillary bed with an increased number of obliquely running capillaries. At least the length density (LV) of capillaries (mm/mm3) tends to be normalized in long-term renovascular hypertension. At the ultrastructural level, a synergism of hypertension and diabetes mellitus was observed: the volume ratio of mitochondria to myofibrils was significantly decreased in hypertensive diabetics, but not in non-diabetic hypertensives or in diabetics. This may enhance the risk of cardiac deterioration. We conclude that the primary target of the synergistic damage in hypertensive diabetic heart muscle disease is the myocardial cell and not the cardiac interstitium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600254
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopic study of paired helical filaments and cerebral amyloid using a novel en bloc silver staining method (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 420 (1992), S. 519-525 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Silver staining ; Paired helical filaments ; Cerebral amyloid ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A one step en bloc silver staining method which was originally established to study nucleolar organizer regions has been applied for the demonstration of both paired helical filaments (PHF) and extracellular cerebral amyloids in semi-thin sections and at the electron microscopic level. The three forms of PHF can be visualized: (1) neurofibrillary tangles are shown in all stages from first appearance in form of intracellular patches of PHF to severely degenerated shadow-like “ghost” tangles; (2) neuropil threads are distinctly stained in great numbers; and (3) PHF are easily detected as neuritic components in amyloid plaques. All forms of fibrillar extracellular amyloid structures, i.e. “diffuse”, “classical” and “burnt out” plaques, are well demonstrated; congophilic angiopathy reveals amyloid preferentially in arteries and arterioles of the leptomeninges and cortex ranging from small circumscribed patches to large circumferential amounts with occasional plaque-like condensations or broad loose accumulations of amyloid; perivascular cuffs and laminar subpial deposits of amyloid are stained as well. At the electron microscopic level all lesions are clearly visible in non uranyl/lead-stained specimens, characterized by varying numbers of silver grains on a pale background. The detailed demonstration of structures in archival material, which had been stored in paraffin and re-embedded for electron microscopy, is due to the demonstration of argyrophilic structures by the protective colloidal developer of gelatin and formic acid and to the proteolytic resistance of insoluble PHF and extracellular amyloids in plaques and congophilic angiopathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600257
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Malignant paraganglioma of the uterus (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 420 (1992), S. 453-457 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Uterus ; Paraganglioma ; Intracytoplasmic hyaline globules ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We report a malignant uterine paraganglioma in a 40-year-old female, who died 7 months after the initial diagnosis. On light microscopy the tumour showed a typicalzellballen pattern as well as a pronounced cellular pleomorphism. In many tumour cells hyaline globules were demonstrated within the cytoplasm. Immunohistochemically the lesion was characterized by the presence of neuron-specific enolase, protein gene product 9.5 and synaptophysin, and electron microscopically by the occurrence of neurosecretory granules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600518
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytoskeletal filaments in the smooth muscle cells of uterine leiomyomata and myometrium: An ultrastructural and immunohistochemical analysis (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 420 (1992), S. 51-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Leiomyoma ; Myometrium ; Cytoskeleton ; Ultrastructure ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The filamentous components of the cytoskeleton in smooth muscle cells of leiomyomata and normal myometrium were studied by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Fourteen patients hysterectomised for non-malignant disease provided leiomyomata of conventional histological type and histologically normal myometrium: four samples of fetal myometrium were studied by immunohistochemistry alone. All samples of leiomyoma and myometrium were strongly positive for α-smooth muscle actin and desmin, the latter often as paranuclear columns or granules. Vimentin was also stained in most samples but less intensely, while cytokeratin stained in about half the samples with an intensity comparable to that of vimentin. By electron microscopy, myofilaments with focal densities were abundant in both normal myometrium and leiomyomata. Intermediate filaments corresponding to the desmin and vimentin demonstrated by immunohistochemistry were also recognised in a variety of architectural arrangements. At one extreme, comparatively small numbers of filaments were loosely distributed around membranous organelles; at the other, filaments formed conspicuous aggregates, largely excluding other organelles and corresponding to the paranuclear granules seen by immunohistochemistry. A comparison of these findings with those of the literature and comments on the possible significance and origin of these aggregates are provided.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01605984
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Granular cell tumour of the breast (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 420 (1992), S. 219-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Breast ; Granular cell tumour ; Mammography ; Ultrastructure ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Eight cases of benign granular cell tumour of the breast are reported. Seven patients were women and one was male. The age at the time of the excision ranged from 17 to 73 (average 40.1) years. All tumours were positive for S-100 protein and negative for keratin, myoglobin and gross cystic disease fluid protein. In two cases ultrastructural studies revealed findings identical to those in the previously reported cases of granular cell tumours. None of these cases were diagnosed preoperatively. In six cases the clinical and mammographic findings, and in one case the frozen section, led to an erroneous diagnosis of malignancy. The clinico-pathological features of the cases are delineated in order to draw attention to a benign condition which closely simulates malignancy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600274
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histological reactivity of a monoclonal antibody against rat colon cancer cells on human and rat normal gut and colonic tumours (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 420 (1992), S. 233-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Monoclonal antibody ; Digestive tract ; Colon cancer ; Rat ; Golgi apparatus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A monoclonal antibody, F11C, was raised against rat colon cancer cells. Its immunoreactivity on normal human and rat gut as well as human and rat colonic tumours was studied by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex technique. In both normal rat and human gastrointestinal tract, F11C stained surface epithelial cells from the fundus to distal colon, mainly as supranuclear vesicles. These vesicles appeared to be part of the Golgi apparatus on electron microscopy with immunogold labelling. Twenty primary rat colon tumours and 28 of 43 human colon tumours were also stained, with a heterogeneous pattern but much more strongly than the normal colonic mucosa. Biochemical purification suggested that in rat tumours F11C epitope was carried by a high molecular weight glycoprotein. Absorption experiments with synthetic oligosaccharides showed that F11C monoclonal antibody reacted with blood group A-related oligosaccharides. Nevertheless, F11C reactivity on human tissues was not related to the individual ABO or Lewis phenotype.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600276
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural anomalies in the fetal small intestine indicate that fetal swallowing is important for normal development: an experimental study (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 420 (1992), S. 305-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Fetus ; Small intestine ; Ultrastructure ; Malnutrition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fetal swallowing is established early in development and if fetal ingestion is prevented, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract fails to grow normally. In this article we describe the ultrastructural features of GI tissues developing in the absence of swallowing, in the fetal sheep. We have noted a number of defects in enterocyte morphology. These include abnormal or absence of microvilli, inappropriate cell extrusion, glycogen accumulation and altered lysosomal morphology. Many of these changes resemble those seen in malnourished infants. It is possible that fetal ingestion provides a significant source of nutrients, ensuring adequate GI tract growth in utero, in addition to specific growth factors which may be present in ingested fluid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600209
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A histopathological and ultrastructural study of eccrine porocarcinoma with special reference to its subtypes (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 420 (1992), S. 395-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Eccrine porocarcinoma ; Ultrastructure ; Giant cell ; Elastic fibre ; Globular filamentous body
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Five cases of eccrine porocarcinoma were studied by light and electron microscopy. Histopathologically, these could be classified into two types; the common and the giant cell type. The common type was characterized by almost uniform medium-sized cuboidal tumour cells and a formation of well-developed intracytoplasmic lumina. A broad diversity of histopathological and ultrastructural features was seen in these tumours. The tumours of the giant cell type consisted of mononu-clear polygonal cells and bizarre giant cells. This type was considered to be an undifferentiated form of porocarcinoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600510
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of acute distension on vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and substance P (SP) immunoreactive nerves in the female rat urinary bladder (1992)
    Springer
    Urological research 20 (1992), S. 259-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Neuropeptide Y ; Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide ; Substance P ; Bladder distension ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of acute distension on vasoactive polypeptide (VIP)-, neuropeptide Y (NPY)- and substance P (SP)-immunoreactive nerves in the wall of the urinary bladder was investigated. At the age of 3 months, 25 female albino rats underwent forced diuresis combined with balloon obstruction to achieve maximal distension for 3 h. A modified, indirect immunofluorescence detection method was applied 2 days, 7 days and 21 days after distension. A marked, extensive depletion of VIP, NPY-and SP-immunoreactive nerves was observed after distension. This disturbance was reversible, and increased fluorescence of VIP-, NPY- and SP-immunoreactive nerve fibres compared with control specimens was seen in bladder specimens taken even as soon as 21 days after distension. This transient depletion of peptidergic innervation may partly explain the prolonged voiding problems that often occur after acute urinary retention. The depletion of sensory nerves containing SP shortly after distension may explain the transient benefit obtained from distension therapy in patients with painful bladder disease. It is suggested that the increased SP activity during the recovery phase may be related to neurogenic inflammation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300255
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  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of acute distension on cholinergic innervation of the rat urinary bladder (1992)
    Springer
    Urological research 20 (1992), S. 59-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Urinary bladder ; Overdistension ; Cholinergic Hypoinnervation ; Acetylcholinesterase ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of short-term urinary bladder distension on its cholinergic innervation was studied in Sprague-Dawley rats. Distension was induced for 3 h by forced diuresis and balloon outlet obstruction, and whole thick biopsy specimens were taken from the dome and lateral side of the anterior body 2, 7 and 21 days afterwards. The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) method was used to demonstrate the cholinergic nerves in the distended bladder wall. Cholinergic hypoinnervation was observed 7 days after the distension, persisting up to 21 days, although AChE-reactive nerves were then observed to be more numerous. The distribution of hypoinnervation was uneven, being more marked in the lateral side of the anterior body than in the dome. The distribution of AChE-reactive nerves varied even in the same biopsies, with areas of total hypoinnervation occurring next to areas of slightly diminished innervation. This was especially true 21 days after cholinergic innervation, which may in turn explain the prolonged voiding difficulties often seen after catheterization of an overdistended bladder in a patient with urinary retention. The short-lasting effect of bladder dilatation therapy used to treat detrusor instability or interstitial cystitis may be due to the fairly rapid regeneration of cholinergic innervation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294337
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  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interleukin-2-induced growth inhibition of prostatic adenocarcinoma (Dunning R 3327) in rats (1992)
    Springer
    Urological research 20 (1992), S. 189-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Interleukin-2 ; Prostatic carcinoma ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of a biological response modifier, interleukin-2 (IL-2), on the growth in rats of Dunning (R3327, androgen sensitive) prostatic adenocarcinoma. IL-2 was given to one group of tumour-bearing rats by subcutaneous infusion (Alzet micro-osmotic pump 2002, 14 days) of 424,286 IU/kg per day during 4 weeks. Another group was shamoperated and served as control. Tumour growth was calculated by weekly measurement of tumour volume. IL-2 treatment caused a significant growth delay without any significant toxicity. Plasma testosterone concentrations were similar in both groups and ventral prostatic weights did not differ. Morphometric analyses of epithelial cells, stroma, luminal compartment in tumour tissue and calculation of the number of intratumoral lymphocytes did not show any differences between the two groups. It is suggested that IL-2 treatment can decrease prostatic tumour growth without apparently affecting the testosterone metabolism. Further studies with special interest on the mechanism of action are justified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00299715
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  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural identification of neurofibrillary tangles in the spinal cords in Guamanian amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and parkinsonism-dementia complex on Guam (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 83 (1992), S. 277-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Spinal cord neurofibrillary tangles ; Parkinsonism-dementia complex on Guam ; Guamanian amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; Ultrastructure ; Immunoelectron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The immunohistochemical and ultrastructural characteristics of spinal cord neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) were examined in Guamanian amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and in parkinisonism-dementia complex on Guam. The spinal cord NFTs reacted with antibodies to tau protein (tau-2), ubiqitin and paired helical filaments (PHFs). Ultrastructurally, the components of the NFTs were seen as randomly arranged fibrils which were often associated with osmiophilic granules; small bundle-like arrangements were also occasionally observed. Individual NFT fibrils appeared as straight fibrils with a diameter of approximately 15 nm and constricted fibrils with a periodicity of approximately 80 nm. Ultrastructural microscopic examination of specimens stained by the modified Bielschowsky method and with the antibodies revealed silver particles and the products of the tau, ubiquitin and PHF immunoreactions on the NFT fibrils. This is the first demonstration of the fine structure of the spinal cord NFTs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296790
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  • 36
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    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical and ultrastructural studies of eosinophilic granular bodies in astrocytic tumors (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 83 (1992), S. 408-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Eosinophilic granular body ; Astrocytoma ; Ultrastructure ; Immunocytochemistry ; αB-crystallin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Eosinophilic granular bodies (EGBs) are studied immunocytochemically and ultrastructurally in a case of low-grade and a case of high-grade astrocytoma. EGBs are recognized as brightly eosinophilic round bodies of variable size in hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections. Immunocytochemically some EGBs are positive for antibodies raised against αB-crystallin, ubiquitin and glial fibrillary acidic protein with the staining patterns for each being different from one another. Ultrastructurally EGBs consist of membrane-bound round body of various diameter ranging from 50 nm to 20 μm. Small EGBs contain electron-dense homogeneous material with occasional myelin figures, while large EGBs contain small EGB-like structures within electron-dense homogeneous material or loose granular profiles. Our studies demonstrate (1) ultrastructural variety of EGB; (2) and αB-crystallin epitope in EGB; and (3) the presence of EGB in high-grade as well as low-grade astrocytoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00713533
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    Occlusive microangiopathy by immunoglobulin (IgM-kappa) precipitation: pathogenetic relevance in paraneoplastic cryoglobulinemic neuropathy (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 83 (1992), S. 423-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Peripheral neuropathy ; Cryoglobulinemia ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural sural nerve and skin biopsy findings in a case of cryoglobulinemia secondary to an IgM-kappa-producing non-Hodgkin lymphoma are described. The main finding was an occlusive microangiopathy present in both the sural nerve and the skin. Widespread cryoglobulin deposits of the proliferated vasa nervorum were associated with pronounced changes probably evoked by ischemia. Moderate perivascular inflammation, but no florid vasculitis was additionally present. Our observations indicate that occlusive microangiopathy by precipitated cryoglobulins may be a relevant pathogenetic factor in cryoglobulinemic peripheral neuropathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00713536
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  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural studies of the cells forming amyloid in the cortical vessel wall in Alzheimer's disease (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 84 (1992), S. 117-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Alzheimer disease ; Amyloid angiopathy ; Pericytes ; Microglia ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural studies of serial sections of the vessels with amyloid deposits in the brain cortex of patients with Alzheimer's disease showed that cells in the position of pericytes — perivascular cells - and perivascular microglial cells are producers of amyloid fibrils in the vascular wall. Three types of changes from normal are distinguishable in the vessel wall: (1) semicircular or circular thickening of vascular wall containing a large amount of amorphous material and various number of amyloid fibrils, (2) tuberous amyloid deposits containing both amorphous material and amyloid fibrils, some of the fibrils being arranged in strata and others arranged radially, and (3) amyloid star composed of a predominantly radial arrangement of bundles of amyloid fibrils and a less prominent amorphous component. A mixture of amorphous material and amyloid fibrils is present in cell membrane envaginations of perivascular cells, and occasionally perivascular microglial cells. Bundles of amyloid fibrils are found in altered cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum and in the channels confluent with the infoldings of the plasma membrane of perivascular microglial cells. The amyloid deposition in the wall of the vessel causes degeneration of endothelial cells and the reduction of, and in some vessels obliteration of, the vessel lumen. In areas affected by amyloid angiopathy, extensive degeneration both of the neuropil and of neurons was observed. These changes were accompanied by astrogliosis. This study demonstrates similarities in amyloid formation in amyloid angiopathy and in β-amyloid plaques in the neuropil and suggests that cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system of the brain (perivascular cells and perivascular microglia) are engaged in amyloid fibril formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00311383
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  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Presenile dementia with progressive supranuclear palsy tangles and Pick bodies: an unusual degenerative disorder involving the cerebral cortex, cerebral nuclei, and brain stem nuclei (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 84 (1992), S. 128-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Progressive supranuclear palsy ; Neurofibrillary tangles ; Pick body ; Immunocytochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Degeneration of heterogeneous systems in the central nervous system, with widespread distribution of argyrophilic neuronal fibrillary inclusions, was found in a patient with presenile dementia. Atrophy was circumscribed in the frontal and temporal lobes. Neuronal loss was severe in the basal ganglia, subthalamic nucleus, and substantia nigra. Immunocytochemical study using anti-phosphorylated tau and anti-ubiquitin antibodies in conjunction with ultrastructural observations revealed two types of inclusions: neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) in the Edinger-Westphal nucleus, locus coeruleus, cerebellar dentate nucleus, inferior olivary nucleus, and posterior horn of the spinal cord; and Pick bodies (PBs) in the atrophied cerebral cortex and red nucleus. PSP-type NFTs and PBs have been demonstrated in a single case for the first time. Despite their pathognomonic significance in certain disorders, we suggest that these inclusions may reflect a form of cytoskeletal disorganization, which is not entirely restricted to a single disease entity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00311384
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  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphometric study of the sensory neuron and peripheral nerve changes induced by chronic cisplatin (DDP) administration in rats (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 84 (1992), S. 364-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cisplatin ; Spinal ganglia ; Peripheral neuropathy ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We performed a morphological, morphometric and toxicological study on the spinal ganglia and peripheral nerves of the rat after chronic administration of cisplatin (cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum II; DDP) with two different schedules. Severe damage of the spinal ganglia neurons was demonstrated with predominant involvement of the nucleus and nucleolus associated with a decrease in the cell size. Morphological and morphometric changes also occurred in the sciatic and peroneal nerves with the features of axonopathy. All these changes were more marked in the group of rats which underwent the most intense DDP treatment and the tissue platinum concentrations were also higher in this group. This experimental model is the first available for chronic DDP administration in which concomitant spinal ganglia and peripheral nerve damage has been confirmed pathologically. Our study supports the hypothesis that DDP-induced peripheral nerve fiber degeneration may result from nuclear and nucleolar changes in the sensory ganglion cell perikaryon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227662
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  • 41
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies on ballooned cortical neurons in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: expression of αB-crystallin, ubiquitin and stress-response protein 27 (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 84 (1992), S. 443-448 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease ; Ballooned neurons ; Ultrastructure ; αB-Crystallin ; Stress-response proteins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This report concerns ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies on ballooned neurons of ten patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). While abundant ballooned neurons and severe white matter degeneration was seen in six Japanese cases, only occasional ballooned neurons and no white matter degeneration was observed in four cases from the files of Montefiore Medical Center. Ultrastructurally, the ballooned neurons contained granule-coated fibrils of 25 to 40 nm in width and 10-nm neurofilaments. The immunohistochemical studies revealed that most ballooned neurons expressed αB-crystallin, with deposits of reaction products observed in the cytoplasm. A similar intracellular staining pattern was also seen with the antibody to phosphorylated neurofilament proteins (pNFP). Although the proportion of stained ballooned neurons was less, a positive reaction was also observed with antibodies against ubiquitin, stress-response protein 27 (srp 27) and synptophysin, but not with an antibody to srp 72. Our findings suggest that expression of pNFP and synaptophysin by ballooned neurons may reflect axonal impairment and that the presence of αB-crystallin, srp 27 and ubiquitin may be related to the degenerative processes that neurons undergo in CJD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227673
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  • 42
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sural nerve immunoreactivity for nerve growth factor receptor in a case of localized hypertrophic neuropathy (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 83 (1992), S. 547-553 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Localized hypertrophic neuropathy ; Electron microscopy ; Immunohistochemistry ; Nerve growth factor receptor ; Schwann cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunoreactivity for nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) was examined using a monoclonal antibody against human NGFR in the sural nerve of a 24-year-old woman, affected by localized hypertrophic neuropathy (LHN). NGFR expression was correlated with electron microscopy and with immunoreactivity for S-100 protein, laminin, HLA-DR, HNK-1, P0 glycoprotein and neurofilament peptides. Our results indicate that in LHN most of whorl-forming cells are NGFR positive and S-100 protein or HLA-DR negative. These data along with the ultrastructural features suggest their origin from perineurium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310035
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  • 43
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    Electronic Resource
    Colloid cysts of the third ventricle: ultrastructural features are compatible with endodermal derivation (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 83 (1992), S. 605-612 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Colloid cyst ; Endoderm ; Respiratory epithelium ; Third ventricle ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The histogenesis of colloid cyst of the third ventricle remains unsettled. Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical analyses have suggested the following possible origins: (a) neuroepithelium, including paraphysis, ependyma, choroid plexus and tela chorioidea; and (b) endoderm, including respiratory and enteric epithelium. This report describes the ultrastructural features of the lining epithelium in four cases of colloid cyst. Six distinct cell types were recognized: (1) ciliated cells with occasional abnormal cilia; (2) non-ciliated cells with microvilli coated with granulofibrillary material; (3) goblet cells showing discharge of secretory granules; (4) basal cells with prominent tonofilaments and desmosomes; (5) basal-located cells with elongated electron-lucent cytoplasm and scattered membrane-bound dense-core granules (150–350 nm); and (6) small undifferentiated cells with scanty organelles. Junctional complexes were present in the former four cell types but absent in the latter two. The types of epithelial cells and their topographic distribution within the epithelium are both very similar to those of normal respiratory epithelium and to the lining epithelium of intraspinal bronchogenic cyst. The observations made in the present study are compatible with the hypothesis that colloid cysts of the third ventricle originate from the endoderm, most likely the respiratory epithelium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00299409
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  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemistry of cholinergic receptors (1992)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 186 (1992), S. 407-429 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Acetylcholine receptors ; Immunocytochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Human motor endplate ; Human cerebral cortex ; Neurodegenerative disorders
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Acetylcholine and its receptors are involved in a variety of important signal transduction processes. As shown here paradigmatically for the human neuromuscular junction and the cerebral cortex, acetylcholine receptors can be visualized immunohistochemically at the cellular and subcellular level under physiological and pathological conditions. At normal motor endplates nicotinic cholinoceptors are localized at the surface of the postsynaptic junctional folds. In myasthenic syndromes investigation of muscle biopsies enables the diagnosis of receptor deficiencies at the ultrastructural level. In normal cerebral cortex pyramidal neurons are equipped with both nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors localized to postsynaptic densities. In neuropsychiatric diseases cholinoceptor expression can be monitored at the cellular level by quantititative assessment of immunolabeled cortical neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00185457
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  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhancement of muscle regeneration in the rat gastrocnemius muscle by low energy laser irradiation (1992)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 186 (1992), S. 497-503 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Skeletal muscle ; Regeneration ; Morphometry ; Histology ; Rat ; Laser
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of low-energy laser (He-Ne) irradiation on the rate of skeletal muscle regeneration after partial excision of the rat gastrocnemius muscle was studied using quantitative histological morphometric methods. The injured zones of the experimental rats were subjected to direct He-Ne laser (632.8 nm wavelength) irradiation (6.0 mW for 2.3 min) immediately following injury and once daily thereafter for 5 days. Muscles that were injured as above and subjected to red or room light irradiation served as a control group. The volume fraction (percent of total volume of injured zone) of the mononucleated cells in the injured zone decreased gradually with time after injury, but more rapidly in the laser irradiated muscles than in the control. At 3 days post-injury the myotubes in the laser-irradiated muscles populated a significantly higher percentage (13.9 ± 1.1%) of the injured area than in the control muscles (7.8 ± 1.0%). The volume fraction of the young myofibers in the laser irradiated muscles exceeded 30.6 ± 2.2% and 49.6 ± 5.6% at 8 and 11 days post-injury, respectively, while in control muscles these structures comprised only 9.6 ± 1.0% and 27.2 ± 3.8% of the injured zone at 8 and 11 days after injury, respectively. It is concluded that He-Ne laser irradiation during the regeneration process promotes muscle maturation in the injured zone following partial excision of the rat gastro-cnemius muscle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00185463
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  • 46
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Silver staining of the postacrosomal sheath during human spermiogenesis (1992)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 185 (1992), S. 271-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Man ; Spermiogenesis ; Postacrosomal ; sheath ; Silver staining ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Applying the silver staining technique, it could be shown that in the early phase of spermiogenesis a layer of argyrophilic material accumulated at the base of the acrosomal vesicle and at the outer side of the nuclear envelope opposite that region, and, later, at the inner side of the plasma membrane near the base of the acrosomal vesicle. During further development of the postacrosomal region of the spermatozoon head, the argyrophilic material associated with the plasmalemma grew caudally to form the postacrosomal dense lamina, while the argyrophilic material associated with the nuclear envelope, staying the same size, shifted to the caudal end of the postacrosomal dense lamina to form the postnuclear band.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00211825
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  • 47
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural study of ascending projections to the lateral mammillary nucleus of the rat (1992)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 185 (1992), S. 547-557 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Dorsal tegmental nucleus of Gudden ; Laterodorsal tegmental nucleus ; Synaptic organization ; Anterograde tracing study ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We examined the synaptic organization of ascending projections from the pars ventralis of the dorsal tegmental nucleus of Gudden (TDV) and the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus to the lateral mammillary nucleus (LM). The LM neuropil consists of terminals containing pleomorphic synaptic vesicles and forming symmetric synaptic contact, and terminals containing round synaptic vesicles and forming asymmetric synaptic contact. They make up 63% and 37%, respectively, of all axodendritic terminals. All axosomatic terminals contain pleomorphic vesicles and make symmetric contact. Following injection of WGA-HRP into the TDV, many anterogradely labeled terminals and retrogradely labeled cells are found in the LM. Labeled terminals contact mainly proximal (more than 2 μm diameter) and intermediate (1–2 μm diameter) dendrites. Serial ultrathin sections of the LM show that 55% of axosomatic terminals are labeled anterogradely. Following injection of WGA-HRP into the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, many anterogradely labeled terminals are found in the LM, but no retrogradely labeled cells are present. Labeled terminals contact mainly distal (less than 1 μm diameter) and intermediate dendrites as well as somata. In the LM neurons, 46% of axosomatic terminals are labeled anterogradely. All labeled terminals from these nuclei contain pleomorphic vesicles and make symmetric synaptic contact. These results indicate that almost all axosomatic terminals come from the TDV and the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, which send inhibitory inputs to the lateral mammillary nucleus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00185614
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  • 48
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Postnatal development of the rat organ of Corti (1992)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 185 (1992), S. 559-569 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Cochlea ; Organ of Corti ; Development ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The development of the rat organ of Corti was studied during the first postnatal weeks. The temporal and the spatial patterns of cochlear development were investigated between 4 and 24 days after birth by means of semi-thin sections at approx. ten equidistant positions along the entire cochlear duct. At all examined positions width, thickness and cross sectional area of basilar membrane, cross-sectional area of tectorial membrane, of cells of Hensen, Claudius and Boettcher and of the organ of Corti were quantitatively analyzed. The most conspicuous maturational changes occur between 8 and 12 days after birth. These are the detachment of the tectorial membrane, the first appearance of filaments within the basilar membrane, the formation of the tunnel of Corti and the opening of the inner spiral sulcus. Quantitative analysis revealed that structures of a given position along the cochlear duct do not develop synchronously. Width of the basilar membrane and cross-sectional area of the tectorial membrane are already mature at the onset of hearing (10–12 days after birth). Length, thickness and cross-sectional area of the basilar membrane as well as cross-sectional area of the organ of Corti and of the cells of Hensen, Claudius and Boettcher still develop after the onset of hearing (up to 20–24 days after birth). We suggest that basic cochlear function is established by structures which are mature before the onset of hearing. Cochlear structures which develop after the onset of hearing might be involved in this improvement during this period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00185615
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  • 49
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Postnatal development of the rat organ of Corti (1992)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 185 (1992), S. 571-581 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Cochlea ; Development ; Rat ; Hair cells ; Stereocilia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The development of cochlear receptor cells and their supporting elements was studied by means of semi-thin and ultra-thin sections during the first postnatal weeks in the rat. The temporal and spatial patterns of the receptor cell development were investigated between the 4th and 24th days after birth. At approx. ten equidistant positions along the entire cochlear duct length of inner and outer hair cells, width of outer hair cell triad and stereocilia-length of the outer hair cells were quantitatively analyzed. Striking maturational changes take place before the 12th day after birth, that is, when the onset of hearing occurs. These changes are the formation of the tunnel of Corti, of the Nuel spaces, the appearance of filaments within the supporting elements and the change in cell shape of the hair cells. Between 4 days and 20 days after birth the maturation of outer hair cells is characterized by a decrease of organelles in the cytoplasm and establishment of the subsurface cistern. The quantitative analysis revealed a unique developmental pattern of the length of the outer hair cells, the width of the outer hair cell triad and the stereocilia length of the outer hair cells. Shortly after birth these structures have an almost constant size along the whole cochlear duct, but with increasing age the structures shorten at the cochlear base and enlarge at the apex. This pattern results in the establishment of a basoapical gradient of the above mentioned structures. We assume that this baso-apical gradient is of central importance for the frequency representation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00185616
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  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuronal autophagic vacuoles in experimental scrapie and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 83 (1992), S. 134-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Scrapie ; Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease ; Neuronal autophagy ; Neuropathology ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We report the presence of autophagic vacuoles (AV) in neuronal perikarya and neuronal processes of rodents with experimental scrapie and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. AV were composed of sequestrated cytoplasmic areas containing ribosomes and occasionally mitochondria and small secondary vacuoles. The formation of AV may contribute to neuronal degeneration and ultimately to neuronal loss.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00308472
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  • 51
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural features of spongiform encephalopathy transmitted to mice from three species of bovidae (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 84 (1992), S. 559-569 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Neuronal autophagy ; Bovine spongiform encephalopathy ; Lysosomes ; Ultrastructure ; Vactiolation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructural neuropathology of mice experimentally inoculated with brain tissue of nyala (Tragelaphus angasi; subfamily Bovinae), or kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros; subfamily Bovinae) affected with spongiform encephalopathy was compared with that of mice inoculated with brain tissue from cows (Bos taurus: subfamily Bovinae) with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). As fresh brain tissue was not available for nyala or kudu, formalin-fixed tissues were used for transmission from these species. The effect of formalin fixation was compared with that of fresh brain in mice inoculated with fixed and unfixed brain tissue from cows with BSE. The nature and distribution of the pathological changes were similar irrespective of the source of inoculum or whether the inoculum was from fresh or previously fixed tissue. Vacuolation caused by loss of organelles and swelling was present in dendrites and axon terminals. Vacuoles were also seen as double-membrane-bound and single-membrane-bound structures within myelinated fibres, axon terminals and dendrites. Vacuoles are considered to have more than one morphogenesis but the structure of vacuoles in this study was nevertheless similar to previous descriptions of spongiform change in naturally occurring and experimental scrapie, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome and kuru. Other features of the ultrastural pathology of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies including dystrophic neurites and scrapie-associated particles or tubulovesicular bodies were also found in this study. Neuronal autophagy was a conspicuous finding. It is suggested that excess prion protein (PrP) accumulation, or accumulation of the scrapie-associated protease-resistant isoform of PrP, may lead to localised sequestration and phagocytosis of neuronal cytoplasm and ultimately to neuronal loss.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304476
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  • 52
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    Electronic Resource
    Progressive expression of immunomolecules on microglial cells in rat dorsal hippocampus following transient forebrain ischemia (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 83 (1992), S. 149-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Microglia ; Hippocampus ; Ischemia ; Rat ; Major histocompatibility complex antigens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We show a differential up-regulation of immunomolecules in the rat dorsal hippocampus accompanying neuronal cell death as a consequence of transient forebrain ischemia (four-vessel occlusion model). Using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), we have examined the time course of expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens class I (OX-18) and class II (OX-6), leukocyte common antigen (OX-1), CD4 (W3/25) and CD8 (OX-8) antigens, CR3 complement receptor (OX-42), as well as brain macrophage antigen (ED2). The study was performed at time intervals ranging from 1 to 28 days after reperfusion. Throughout all post-ischemic time periods, strongly enhanced immunoreactivity on microglial cells in the CA1 region and dentate hilus and, to a lesser extent, in CA3 was demonstrated with mAb OX-42. MHC class I-positive cells (OX-18) appeared on day 2, whereas cells immunoreactive with OX-1 and W3/25 became evident in the CA1 and hilar regions on post-ischemic day 6. In contrast, MHC class II (Ia) antigen was first detected on indigenous microglia by day 13. In some animals, the OX-8 antibody resulted in the labelling of scattered CD8-positive lymphocytes, but perivascular inflammatory infiltrates were absent. No changes in the expression of ED2 immunoreactivity on perivascular cells could be observed. The results show that following ischemic injury, microglial cells demonstrate a timedependent up-regulation and de novo expression of certain immunomolecules, indicative of their immunocompetence. The findings are compared with those obtained in other models of brain injury.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00308474
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  • 53
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    Paired helical filaments in astrocytes: electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry in a case of atypical Alzheimer's disease (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 83 (1992), S. 228-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Alzheimer's disease ; Astrocytes ; Electron microscopy ; Immunohistochemistry ; Paired helical filaments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A 54-year-old man who had cerebellar ataxia and pseudobulbar palsy at the age of 29 years, and soon developed dementia, myoclonus and convulsions, died after about 20 years in a vegetative state. Histological examination of the extensively atrophic and devastated brain (680 g) revealed the almost total loss of cerebral cortical neurons associated with numerous β-protein amyloid plaques, many extracellular tangles and a large number of hypertrophic astrocytes, and prominent amyloid angiopathy. The astrocytes were frequently immunopositive for anti-human tau antibody (anti-htau) and anti-ubiquitin antibody (anti-ubi). Double immunostaining with anti-htau and anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) antibody clearly demonstrated htau-positive domains within the GFAP-positive perikarya/and processes of several astrocytes. Electron microscopy of the hippocampal CA1, which was completely devoid of pyramidal neurons, revealed, in astrocytes, abnormal filaments indistinguishable from the paired helical filaments (PHFs) seen in neurons. On immunoelectron microscopy, the filaments were observed to be labeled with anti-htau and anti-ubi, exhibiting the same immunohistochemical features as neuronal PHFs. This is the first demonstration of clearly constricted and both tau- and ubiquitin-positive PHFs in astrocytes, indicating that, in some special conditions like in our case, processes similar to those that attack neurons also affect astrocytes and ultimately make the latter form PHFs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296783
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  • 54
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    Electronic Resource
    Different effects of physical training on the morphology of motor nerve terminals in the rat extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles (1992)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 186 (1992), S. 125-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Training ; Motor nerve terminals ; Neuromuscular junction ; Extensor digitorum longus muscle ; Soleus muscle ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The morphology of nerve terminals in the rat extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles was studied with light microscopy in 13-week-old male animals after 6 weeks of treadmill running and compared with data from untrained controls. The terminals were stained with methylene blue. Physical training tended to increase the area and length of the nerve terminals in relation to the corresponding muscle fiber diameter, and to reduce the density of nerve terminal varicosities, but significant differences between the trained group and the control group were obtained only in the extensor digitorum longus muscle. The different degrees of effect on the nerve terminals in the two muscles may be due to different abilities to respond to the training, but may also be due to differences in work load caused by the training. The effect of training on extensor digitorum longus junctions may reflect some transformation from fast to slow morphological characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00174949
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    Retinal photoreceptor fine structure in the velvet cichlid (Astronotus ocellatus) (1992)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 186 (1992), S. 363-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Retinal photoreceptors ; Electron microscopy ; Teleost ; Astronatus ocellatus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The structure and arrangement of the retinal photoreceptors of the velvet cichlid fish (Astronotus ocellatus) have been studied by light and electron microscopy. Rods, single cones and double (twin) cones are present. In the light-adapted state, rods are very tall cells that reach deep into the retinal epithelial (RPE) layer. The long outer segment is composed of discs of uniform diameter displaying one or two incisures. The rod inner segment shows a distal ellipsoid of mitochondria, and then narrows dramatically in the myoid region. Rod nuclei are electron dense and located deep in the outer nuclear layer. Rod synaptic spherules are small and show two to three invaginated synaptic sites as well as superficial synapses. Single cones are similar to the individual members of a double cone and all display a short tapering outer segment, a large ellipsoid of mitochondria and a myoid rich in rough endoplasmic reticulum, polysomes, Golgi zones and autophagic vacuoles. Double cones have extensive subsurface cisternae along their entire contiguous surfaces. Cone nuclei are large and vesicular and located close to or through the external limiting membrane. The synaptic pedicles of cones are larger, more electron lucent, and display more invaginated (ribbon) synapses as well as conventional (superficial) synaptic sites than do the rod spherules. Rod photoreceptors certainly undergo retinomotor movements and it is probable that cones do as well. In the light-adapted state the cone photoreceptors are arranged in a repeating square mosaic pattern with one single cone surrounded by four double (twin) cones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00185986
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    Electronic Resource
    Normal colon of Sprague-Dawley rats (1992)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 185 (1992), S. 69-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Human-tumor-associated antigens ; Rat ; Colon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The patterns of expression of the human-tumor-associated antigens, CO17-1A, GA73-3, BR55-2, GICA19-9, CA50 and carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) were studied in the normal colonic mucosa (the last three also in the serum) of Sprague-Dawley rats. Four immunohistochemically different segments were identified: caecum, ascending colon, transverse colon and descending colon. The immunohistochemical reactions of the cells at the lower part of the crypt were essential for the distinction of the four segments. In the caecum, the MAbs 17-1A, 73-3 and 19-9 stained the glycocalyx of the cells of the lower part of the crypts and the Golgi apparatus of the intercalated cells (IC). MAb55-2 stained very weakly the goblet-like cells (GLC) of the lower part of the crypt of transverse colon, in addition to a nearly complete lack of reaction in the upper part of the crypts. In the ascending colon, the lower part of the crypts showed a characteristic diffuse staining of the intercalated cells with MAb55-2. The perinuclear and mucosal staining observed in the GLC of the transverse colon with MAbs 17-1A, 73-3 and 19-9 as against the supranuclear and Golgi zone staining observed in the GLC/goblet cells (GC)/columnar cells (CC) of the lower part of crypts of the descending colon with the same MAbs, distinguished the former segment from the latter. The IC demonstrated by immunohistochemistry in the lower parts of the crypts of caecum and ascending colon appear to correspond to the replicating cells of the colonic crypts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213602
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    A direct projection from the medial vestibular nucleus to the cervical spinal dorsal horn of the rat, as demonstrated by anterograde and retrograde tracing (1992)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 185 (1992), S. 77-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Vestibular nuclei ; Spinal cord ; Dorsal horn ; Tracing study ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin and wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase were iontophoretically injected into different parts of the vestibular nuclear complex (VNC) of the rat. Injections centered into the caudal part of the medial vestibular nucleus revealed a vestibulospinal projection predominantly to the dorsal horn of the cervical spinal cord, besides the expected projection to the intermediate zone (IZ) and ventral horn (VH). While most of the anterogradely labelled fibres could be localized in laminae III to V, some scattered fibres were also seen in laminae I and VI. Lamina II remained free of labelling. The dorsal horn (DH) area with detectable anterograde labelling showed a rostrocaudal extension from C1-C6. Injections into other parts of the VNC labelled fibres and terminals in the IZ and VH while the DH remained almost free of labelling. Additionally, fluorogold and wheat germ agglutininhorseradish peroxidase were pressure- or iontophoretically injected at different levels into the spinal cord to confirm the projection to the dorsal horn by means of retrograde tracing. Labelled neurons in the area of the medial vestibular nucleus (MVN), from which anterograde labelling in the DH was obtained, were only detectable after fluorogold and wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase injections into the cervical spinal cord, in particular its DH. This projection from the caudal medial vestibular nucleus to the dorsal horn of the cervical spinal cord probably enables the VNC to influence sensory processing in the DH, in addition to its well-established influence on posture and locomotion via projections to the intermediate zone and ventral horn.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213603
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    Placental iron transfer regulation in the haemophagous region of the badger placenta: ultrastructural localization of ferritin in trophoblast and endothelial cells (1992)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 185 (1992), S. 175-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Badger-placenta ; Ultrastructure ; Ferritin ; Iron transfer regulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The haemophagous region of the badger (Meles meles L.) placenta is involved in iron transfer, and maternal erythrocytes are the only source of iron for the fetus. This ultrastructural study provides morphological evidence of placental ferritin iron storage intervening if haem-iron uptake exceeds fetal needs. Such placental ferritin is assumed to play an active role in iron transfer regulation. In this paper we demonstrate that this regulatory process of iron transfer by storage in placental ferritin occurs on at least two levels: the cytotrophoblast and the fetal endothelium. The latter could then act as a final monitor in the transfer of iron into the fetal circulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00185919
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  • 59
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    Electronic Resource
    Intraventricular infusion of N-methyl-D-aspartate (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 84 (1992), S. 630-637 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Dentrites ; Excitotoxicity ; Glutamate ; N-Methyl-d-aspartate ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study documents the ultrastructural features of acute neuronal injury following N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activation. NMDA (100 nmol/μl) or vehicle was infused over a 15-min period into the lateral ventricle of adult rats. After perfusion fixation, specimens demonstrating normal and abnormal patterns of vascular permeability to horserdish peroxidase were sampled for ultrastructural analysis. In NMDA-infused rats, brain regions exhibiting protein extravasation contained swollen dendritic profiles and abnormal neuronal perikarya. Although periventricular regions were most severely affected, parenchymal abnormalities were also detected in the cerebral cortex, septum, striatum, thalamus, hypothalamus and cerebellum. Mildly affected dendrites contained dark compact mitochondria, while in severely swollen dendrites mitochrondia were enlarged with ruptured cristae. Focal sites of plasma membrane disruption were also detected within swollen dendrites. Swollen neurons commonly displayed peripheral pallor and increased numbers of cytoplasmic vacuoles. Other neurons appeared dark and shrunken, some containing disrupted mitochrondria and pyknotic nuclei. Pretreatment with the NMDA antagonist MK-801 (2 mg/kg) attenuated the neuronal and dendritic alterations. In conditions where cerebrospinal fluid levels of glutamate are abnormally elevated, excessive NMDA receptor activation may lead to early vascular and neuronal complications which could work in concert to promote brain injury.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227740
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    Electronic Resource
    Intraventricular infusion of N-methyl-d-aspartate (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 84 (1992), S. 621-629 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Blood-brain barrier ; Endothelium ; Excitotoxicity ; N-Methyl-d-aspartate ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The purpose of this study was to document the early cerebrovascular consequences of excessive N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activation. Five microliters of NMDA (100 nmol/μl) or vehicle was infused over a 15-min period into the lateral ventricle of adult rats. The protein tracer horseradisch peroxidase (HRP) was injected intravenously for blood-brain bartier (BBB) studies. The intraventricular infusion of vehicle (n=5) caused no alterations in arterial blood pressure or microvascular damage away from the intraventicular probe tract. In contrast, NMDA infusion (n=8) led to a gradual increase in arterial blood pressure (mean 36 mm Hg). Multifocal regions of HRP extravasation were observed bilaterally throughout the neuraxis following NMDA infusion. Sites of BBB disruption and hemorrhage included brain regions bordering ventricular spaces. In addition, isolated foci of protein extravasation were commonly detected in the cerebral cortex, thalamus, basal forebrain, septum and cerebellum. Pretreatment with the noncompetitive NMDA antagonist MK-801 (2 mg/kg) substantially reduced the BBB responses to NMDA. However, microvascular abnormalities were seen in NMDA-infused rats where blood pressure elevations were inhibited by blood removal. In addition to neurons, cerebral blood vessels are also acutely affected by NMDA receptor activation. Blockage of NMDA receptor channels following brain injury may potentially provide protection by attenuating BBB breakdown and subsequent brain edema.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227739
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    “Reducing body”-like inclusions in skeletal muscle in childhood-onset acid maltase deficiency (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 85 (1992), S. 111-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Muscle ; Ultrastructure ; Lysosome ; Metabolic disorder ; Glycogenosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Unusual inclusions with some of the features of “reducing bodies” were encountered in the skeletal muscle biopsy of a 2.5-year-old boy with childhoodonset acid maltase deficiency. The biopsy revealed a vacuolar myopathy with lysosomal storage of glycogen and eosinophilic refractile inclusions in myofibers, which appeared dark blue with the menadione-nitroblue tetrazolium reaction. The significance of the association of inclusions with reducing properties in the setting of acid maltase deficiency is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304641
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    Caudate nucleus pathology in Parkinson's disease: ultrastructural and biochemical findings in biopsy material (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 83 (1992), S. 352-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Parkinson's disease ; Ultrastructure ; Catecholomines ; Trans-synaptic degeneration ; Axonal dystrophy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural and biochemical properties of caudate nucleus (CN) biopsies in two patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) were compared with three CN specimens removed during surgery for intracranial tumors. An additional two specimens from neurologically intact patients (59 and 86 years old) were removed during autopsy (performed 3 and 4 h post mortem, respectively) for electron microscopic studies. Dopamine levels in PD were reduced to less than 15% of control values. Both PD patients showed frequent dystrophic neurites and transsynaptic degeneration of neurons and neuritic processes. These changes were not found in CN from the four control individuals. Only a few dystrophic neurites were noticed in one 67-year-old control patient. The development of neuroaxonal dystrophy in CN is consistent with a dying-back process, probably accompanying abnormalities of axonal transport in PD. Transsynaptic degeneration of neurons in CN very likely represents a morphological marker of disease severity. The occurrence of this change may account for the poor clinical response of patients with advanced PD to intracerebral implantation of dopaminergic tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00713525
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    The influence of hypothermia on hypoglycemia-induced brain damage in the rat (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 83 (1992), S. 379-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Hypoglycemia ; Hypothermia ; Neuronal damage ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of hypothermia on hypoglycemic brain damage were studied in rats after a 30-min period of hypoglycemic coma, defined as cessation of spontaneous EEG activity. The rats were either normothermic (37°C) or moderately hypothermic (33°C). Morphological brain damage was evaluated after various periods of recovery. Hypothermic animals with halothane anesthesia never resumed spontaneous respiration, thus requiring artificial ventilation during recovery (maximally 8h). In contrast, when isoflurane was used as the anesthetic agent, all animals survived and were examined after 1 week of recovery. There was a tendency towards gradually higher arterial plasma glucose levels during hypoglycemia with lower body temperature. The time period from insulin injection until isoelectric EEG appeared was gradually prolonged by hypothermia, and was shorter when isoflurane was used for anesthesia. Brain damage was examined within the neocortex, caudoputamen and hippocampus (CA1, subiculum and the tip of the dentate gyrus). Damage to neurons was found to be of two types, namely condensed dark purple neurons (pre-acidophilic) and shrunken bright red-staining neurons (acidophilic). In the neocortex, no clear influence of temperature on the degree of injury was seen. In the caudoputamen, the number of injured neurons clearly decreased at lower temperature (33°C,P〈0.001) when halothane was used, while no such difference was seen when isoflurane was used as the anesthetic agent. Likewise, a protective effect of hypothermia was seen in subiculum (P〈0.01) when halothane, but not isoflurane was used. Damage to CA1 neurons was mild in both groups with halothane, but slightly less frequent (P〈 0.05) in the hypothermic group, in which the majority of animals showed no damage. No protection of hypothermia was seen in the animals with isoflurane anesthesia. Furthermore, with isoflurane, more damaged CA1 cells were seen in the normothermic situation as compared to when halothane was used (P〈0.01). In contrast, damage to the tip of the dentate gyrus was remarkedely resistant to hypothermia, with the majority of animals showing the same degree of damage as the normothermic ones irrespective of the anesthetic agent used. In summary, hypothermia seemed to have only a partial protective effect on the development of hypoglycemic brain damage, the effects differing between regions previously described to be selectively vulnerable to hypoglycemia, and also differing when halothane or isoflurane were used as anesthetic agents. While long-term survival was achieved with the use of isoflurane, the protective effect of hypothermia seemed to be lost.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00713529
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    Novel eosinophilic inclusion in astrocytes (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 83 (1992), S. 659-663 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Eosinophilic inclusion ; Neuroglia ; Astrocyte ; Aicardi's syndrome ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intracytoplasmic and brightly eosinophilic inclusions within neuroglias are reported in a patient with Aicardi's syndrome. Most inclusion-bearing neuroglias were protoplasmic astrocytes in the cerebral cortex. Compared with similar eosinophilic and intracytoplasmic inclusions in other studies using both light and electron microscopy, the inclusions in this report are regarded as being novel and not previously described. Ultrastructually, the inclusions were composed of electron-dense granules and amorphous substances, and were not surrounded by a limiting membrane. They were numerous in the cerebral cortex, especially in part of the microgyrus, but absent in the deep cerebral white matter, subcortical nuclei, brain stem and the cerebellum. Therefore, they may be closely associated with brain malformation and congenital astrocytic dysfunction. They also suggested a functional difference in protoplasmic astrocytes themselves, according to the differentiation of related gray matter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00299417
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    Morphological observations on the Harderian gland of the North American opossum (Didelphis virginiana) (1992)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 186 (1992), S. 145-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Harderian gland ; Tubuloalveolar endpieces ; Serous endpieces ; Ultrastructure ; Opossum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The Harderian gland of the North American opossum (Didelphis virginiana) is large and well developed, despite the absence of a nictitating membrane in the adult of this species. The elongate glands are surrounded by a delicate connective tissue capsule from which thin septae extend, subdividing the gland into numerous lobules. The secretory units of the opossum Harderian gland are drained by a well defined but not extensive intralobular and interlobular duct system. Most of the secretory end pieces consist of tubuloalveolar units with widely dilated lumina filled with secretory product. Numerous intact lipid vesicles suspended within an amorphous material constitute the luminal contents. Cells lining the tubuloalveolar secretory endpieces are usually columnar in shape, and characterized by numerous lipid-containing secretory vesicles and aggregations of polytubular complexes 40–60 nm in diameter. In addition, these cells contain numerous large irregularly shaped mitochondria, whose matrix is of considerable electron density. Intralobular and interlobular ducts are lined by electron-lucent epithelial cells that lack both the lipid-containing vesicles and the large mitochondria, although typical smaller mitochondria are found scattered within the cytoplasm. Both secretory endpieces and ductal elements are invested by an abundance of myoepithelial cells. A second, smaller serous type of secretory unit may occur near the centre of some Harderian gland lobules. In these units secretory tubules and acini are compactly arranged surrounding a narrow lumen. Serous cells are pyramidal in shape and the cytoplasm is characterized by numerous electron-dense secretory granules and scattered profiles of rough endoplasmic reticulum. Basolateral cell membranes show extensive infoldings and intercellular canaliculi are present. The overall size of cells forming the serous secretory units is much less than that comprising the tubuloalveolar secretory endpieces.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00174952
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    Immunocytochemical and ultrastructural studies of upper motor neurons in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 83 (1992), S. 518-524 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; Upper motor neurons ; Ultrastructure ; Neurofilament ; Ubiquitin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pathological alterations in upper motor neurons were investigated in 27 cases of adult-onset sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). No signficant cytoskeletal alterations were found in the Betz cells of any of the cases except one, although cytoskeletal pathology was consistently present in lower motor neurons. The one case had severe circumscribed atrophy of the precentral gyrus and, microscopically, had argentophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions in Betz cells and other pyramidal neurons in the primary motor area as eell as in the lower motor neurons. Immunocytochemically these inclusions contained the epitope of phosphorylated neurofilament and ubiquitin and ultrastructurally consisted of granule-associated filaments with neurofilaments. This is the first demonstration of alterations of cytoskeleton and ubiquitination in the giant cells of Betz, an established subset of upper motor neurons in ALS. Thus, although uncommon, cytoskeletal changes can be found in upper motor neurons in some ALS cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310029
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    Primary leptomeningeal glioma: ultrastructural and laminin immunohistochemical studies (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 83 (1992), S. 538-542 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Primary leptomeningeal glioma ; Ultrastructure ; Basal lamina ; Laminin ; Heterotopic glial tissue
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We studied a case of primary leptomeningeal glioma (PLG) on the left parietal lobe of a 74-year-old woman and compared the tissue with heterotopic glial tissue from another case. The PLG tumor consisted of spindle-shaped cells with marked nuclear atypism, which tended to be arranged in a fascicular pattern, and the majority of its cells were positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein. Ultrastructural examination demonstrated that most of the tumor cells contained intermediate filaments and often junctional complexes were present on their plasma membranes. Frequently, basal lamina-like structures surrounding the tumor, cell surfaces were observed. Laminin immunohistochemistry clearly demonstrated a fine network of linear positive staining around the cytoplasm and processes of the tumor cells. The ultrastructure of the heterotopic glial tissue consisted of many astrocytes partially surrounded by basal lamina. These findings strongly suggest that PLG is a distinct tumor, which arises from the heterotopic astrocytes within the subarachnoid space.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310033
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    Morphological findings on peripheral nerve biopsies in 15 patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 83 (1992), S. 618-623 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Peripheral nerve biopsy ; HIV infection ; Ultrastructure ; in situ hybridization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A peripheral nerve biopsy was performed in 15 patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and polyneuropathy. Two cases [1 asymptomatic, 1 AIDS-related complex (ARC)] presented with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy; there was 1 case (asymptomatic) of mononeuropathy multiplex and 12 cases (1 asymptomatic, 1 ARC, 10 AIDS) with distal symmetrical polyneuropathy. Epi- or endoneurial microvasculitis was observed in 6 cases. Electron microscopy showed that nerve fiber lesions were mainly axonal. Severe segmental demyelination was also present in both cases of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, with characteristic features of active demyelination in one. Numerous plasmacytoid cells were found in the endoneurium in 4 patients. Tubuloreticular inclusions were present in endothelial cells in the 10 cases with AIDS but absent in the other patients. Direct immunopathological examination with anti-immunoglobulin sera was negative in all cases. HIV was evidenced by in situ hybridization in 2 AIDS patients; no Epstein-Barr virus or cytomegalovirus was detected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00299411
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    Ultrastructure of the microglia that phagocytose amyloid and the microglia that produce β-amyloid fibrils (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 84 (1992), S. 225-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Alzheimer's disease ; Tissue culture ; Microglia ; Amyloid ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The function of microglia associated with β-amyloid deposits still remains a controversial issue. On the basis of recent ultrastructural data, microglia were postulated to be cells that form amyloid fibrils, not phagocytes that remove amyloid deposits. In this electron microscopic study, we examined the ability of microglia to ingest and digest exogenous amyloid fibrils in vitro. We demonstrate that amyloid fibrils are ingested by cultured microglial cells and collected and stored in phagosomes. The ingested, nondegraded amyloid remains within phagosomes for up to 20 days, suggesting a very limited effectiveness of microglia in degrading β-amyloid fibrils. On the other hand, we showed that in microglial cells of classical plaques in brain cortex of patients with Alzheimer's disease, amyloid fibrils appear first in altered endoplasmic reticulum and deep infoldings of cell membranes. These differences in intracellular distribution of amyloid fibrils in microglial cells support our observations that microglial cells associated with amyloid plaques are engaged in production of amyloid, but not in phagocytosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227813
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    Tubulovesicular structures in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 84 (1992), S. 238-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Creutzfeldt ; Jakob disease ; Tubulovesicular structures ; Prion diseases ; Ultrastructure ; Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary By electron microscopy tubulovesicular structures (TVS) have been consistently observed in brain tissue of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies such as natural and experimental scrapie, bovine spongiform encephalopathy and experimentally induced, but not naturally occurring, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). For the first time we report here the presence of TVS in human brains with CJD as detected by transmission electron microscopy. TVS were observed in all three CJD specimens (two biopsies, one autopsy), but they were rare and were found only in one or two location(s) per grid. TVS were seen in distended pre- and postsynaptic terminals and measured approximately 35 nm in diameter; they were smaller and of higher electron density than synaptic vesicles. Their occurrence in all types of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies irrespective of the affected host and the strain of the infectious agent suggests their biological significance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227815
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    Increased iron content in the putamen of patients with striatonigral degeneration (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 84 (1992), S. 328-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Striatonigral degeneration ; Putaminal pigment ; Iron ; Atomic absorption spectroscopy ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We measured the total content of iron, cooper, zinc and manganese in the putamen of four patients with striatonigral degeneration (SND) and age-and gender-matched normal controls. The iron content in the SND patients was five times greater than in the controls. Electron microscopic histochemistry revealed the iron reaction products in the pigments showing a triphasic pattern of coarse, electron-dense globules, fine granular and fibrillary materials, and lamellated structures. These findings suggest that increased iron deposition may be related to pigment formation in the putament of SND.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227827
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    Moderate hypothermia reduces blood-brain barrier disruption following traumatic brain injury in the rat (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 84 (1992), S. 495-500 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Traumatic brain injury ; Hypothermia ; Blood-brain barrier ; Hypertension ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of moderate hypothermia on blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and the acute hypertensive response after moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats were examined. TBI produced increased vascular permeability to endogenous serum albumin (IgG) in normothermic rats (37.5°C) throughout the dorsal cortical gray and white matter as well as in the underlying hippocampi as visualized by immunocytochemical techniques. Vascular permeability was greatly reduced in hypothermic rats cooled to 30°C (brain temperature) prior to injury. In hypothermic rats, albumin immunoreactivity was confined to the gray-white interface between cortex and hippocampi with no involvement of the overlying cortices and greatly reduced involvement of the underlying hippocampi. The acute hypertensive response in normothermic rats peaked at 10 s after TBI (187.3 mm Hg) and returned to baseline within 50 s. In contrast, the peak acute hypertensive response was significantly (P〈0.05) reduced in hypothermic rats (154.8 mm Hg, 10 s after TBI) and returned to baseline at 30 s after injury. These results demonstrate that moderate hypothermia greatly reduces endogenous vascular protein-tracer passage into and perhaps through the brain. This reduction may, in part, be related to hypothermia-induced modulation of the systemic blood pressure response to TBI.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304468
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  • 73
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    Cerebral granular cell tumors: report of a case and a note on their nature and expected behavior (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 84 (1992), S. 680-685 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Histiocytic markers ; Astrocytoma ; Electron microscopy ; Glial fibrillary acidic protein ; Granular cell tumor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of cerebral granular cell tumor (GCT) is reported. Histologically, the growth was composed of benign astrocytes, granular cells and transitional forms between both elements. Glial fibrillary acidic protein was detected in the glial component and, to a lesser extent, in the granular cells. Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin was demonstrated in the latter component only. Ultrastructural study also supported the evidence that neoplastic astrocytes became granular cells. The survey of the literature and our own results suggest that GCTs in this particular location, even when histologically benign, seem to have a worse prognosis than the low-grade supratentorial astrocytomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227746
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  • 74
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    Electronic Resource
    Ibotenic acid-induced calcium deposits in rat substantia nigra (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 85 (1992), S. 55-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Excitotoxin ; Substantia nigra ; Neuronal degeneration ; Calcification ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The excitotoxin ibotenic acid (IBO) induces local calcium deposits upon injection into rat substantia nigra. Their formation has been investigated at the ultrastructural level in a time course study from 2 days to 8 weeks survival. Potassium bichromate stain was used to visualize pathological calcium accumulation. Two days after IBO application, reaction product for calcium was observed in mitochondria of degenerating perikarya and dendrites, but not in axons, boutons or glia. Four days after the lesion, calcium stain was found, in addition, in a seemingly free form in a few dendrites, especially those still contacted by intact boutons and not sequestrated by invading glia. Two days later, most of these calcium-accumulating dendrites were separated by astroglia from their synaptic partners. At the border between glia and dendrite a fibrillar matrix was formed which further accumulated calcium. During the following weeks this matrix enlarged stepwise and was infiltrated with calcium, thus giving a picture resembling the annual growth rings of trees. The evolving bodies incorporated smaller deposits in their vicinity, finally representing the large concretions seen at the light microscopic level from the 4th postoperative week onward. Similarities and dissimilarities of these observations with the results from other ultrastructural studies on excitotoxin lesions are detailed. It is suggested that the different outfit of neuronal subpopulations and of glia with ligand-gated and metabotropic glutamate receptors in the single brain region, as well as the local response repertoire of glial cells towards the excitotoxic injury with the subsequent formation of a calcium-accumulating matrix provide the molecular basis for the formation of calcium deposits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304634
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  • 75
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    Electronic Resource
    Morphometrical variations of prolactin cells in response to prolonged and systemic administration of Met-enkephalin in female rats (1992)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 186 (1992), S. 99-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Prolactin cell ; Met-enkephalin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Morphometr ; Rat(Sprague-Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A stimulatory effect on prolactin secretion had been describe after acute and systemic administration of met-enkephalin, but the effects of this opioid after chronic administration has not been reported, and the response of mammotroph cells is not clear. As a complement to previous studies, a morphometric analysis (light and electron microscopy) was carried out on prolactin cells from female rats treated chronically with met-enkephalin. Clear features of cellular hyperactivity appeared after chronic and systemic administration of the opioid, and these persisted for two weeks. The changes consisted in increases of cellular, cytoplasmic and nuclear areas, volume and surface densities of the Golgi complex and rough endoplasmic reticulum, as well as the numbers of exocytotic figures. These morphological alterations were paralleled by an increase in serum prolactin levels as detected by RIA. It is concluded that the increase in the synthesis and secretory activity of prolactin cells following chronic and systemic administration of met-enkephalin is very similar to those observed after acute and intraventricular administration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00710406
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  • 76
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    Electronic Resource
    Laminar distribution and morphology of NADPH-diaphorase containing neurons in the superior colliculus and underlying periaqueductal gray of the rat (1992)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 186 (1992), S. 245-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Superior colliculus ; Periaqueductal gray ; NADPH-diaphorase ; Golgi method ; Neuronal types ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have studied the laminar distribution of reduced nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPH-d) activity and the morphology of positive neurons in the superior colliculus (SC) and the underlying periaqueductal gray (PAG) of the rat. The morphology of NADPH-d-positive neurons has been compared to that of Golgi-impregnated cells. The highest activity occurs in the stratum zonale and stratum griseum superficiale, contrasting with the pale neuropil in the stratum opticum, where only a few positive neurons are found. In the stratum griseum intermedium positive neurons are grouped in patches separated by narrow, NADPH-d-negative bands. In the deeper layers, the neuropil is NADPH-d-negative, and few neurons show enzymatic activity. In contrast, numerous neurons in the dorsolateral part of the PAG are intensely positive. They are continuous with the positive neurons in the stratum album profundum, with no clear border between the two centers. In both SC and PAG, only small and medium sized neurons are NADPH-d-positive. In comparison with Golgi material, all types of small neurons in the superficial layers show NADPH-d activity; NADPH-d histochemistry, however, does not visualize the characteristic dendritic appendages of these neurons. The large neurons of the SC and PAG, probably representing the long-projecting neurons of these centers, do not contain the enzyme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00174146
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  • 77
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    Electronic Resource
    Retinal pigment epithelial fine structure in the velvet cichlid (Astronotus ocellatus) (1992)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 186 (1992), S. 371-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) ; Electron microscopy ; Teleost ; Astronatus ocellatus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The morphology of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), choriocapillaris and Bruch's membrane (complexus basalis) have been studied by light and electron microscopy in the velvet cichlid (Astronotus ocellatus). The RPE is composed of a single layer of large columnar cells. The basal (scleral) border of these cells is minimally infolded, whereas the apical (vitreal) surface displays numerous pigment-laden processes which in light-adaptation surround both rod and cone outer segments. Laterally the RPE cells are joined by a series of basally located tight junctions. Wandering phagocytes are a constant feature within this epithelial membrane. The RPE cells display a large, vesicular nucleus, numerous mitochondria, much smooth endoplasmic reticulum, polysomes, myeloid bodies, phagosomes and melanosomes. Rough endoplasmic reticulum is relatively scarce within these cells. Although only light-adapted specimens were examined, it is thought that the melanosomes are capable of extensive retinomotor movement. The endothelium of the choriocapillaris facing Bruch's membrane is typically very thin but shows few fenestrations. Bruch's membrane is typical of other teleost species in that it is composed of only three layers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00185987
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  • 78
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    Electronic Resource
    The cellular network of interstitial cells associated with the deep muscular plexus of the guinea pig small intestine (1992)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 186 (1992), S. 519-527 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Intestine ; Interstitial cells ; Innervation ; Electron microscopy ; Guinea pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Systematic examination using electron microscopic montages and serial sections has demonstrated that three types of interstitial cell, namely gap junction-rich cells, glycogen-rich cells and fibroblast-like cells, are densely located along the whole extent of the deep muscular plexus of the guinea pig small intestine. They tend to be distributed in an alternating fashion in the cellular network, connected with muscle cells of the outer, circular layer by means of gap junctions. These three types of interstitial cell show close relations to two types of nerve varicosity: one type is characterized by clear round vesicles with diameters of about 50 nm, and the other by flattened vesicles measuring about 35 nm by 70 nm. Electron-dense patches have been observed at the cytoplasmic side of the axonal membranes. Muscle cells of both inner and outer circular layers also show close relations to these two types of nerve varicosity. These morphological features are discussed with the implication that they may have some regulatory role in intestinal movement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00186974
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  • 79
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    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopic investigations on the growing tip of nerve fibres in the developing distal forelimb of the mouse (1992)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 185 (1992), S. 201-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Development ; Mouse ; Peripheral nerves ; Schwann cells ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distal course of the sensory nerve fibres on the palmar side of the hand of 12-day-old mouse embryos was followed by serial ultrathin cross-sections of conventionally fixed tissue. Small nerves fibres are to be found in the space between the layer of the cutaneous blood vessels and the epidermis. A special arrangement of the tissue which is traversed by the nerve fibres is not visible. In most cases the nerve fibres are in intimate contact with fibroblasts. More distally the nerve fibres consist only of one axon encircled by a Schwann cell. The sheath of the Schwann cell decreases gradually, and finally disappears completely. The distal tips of the naked axons are a few μm ahead. In some cases they are considerably enlarged and contain only a fine fuzzy material without special cell organelles. Other axons may end in a more finger-like fashion, and contain also in the naked parts many cell organelles. Also the naked axons contact fibroblasts over long ranges. Collagen was not found aligned to the distal nerve fibres.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00185922
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  • 80
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    Electronic Resource
    Light and electron microscopic morphology of the temporomandibular joint in growing and mature crab-eating monkeys (Macaca fascicularis): the condylar calcified cartilage (1992)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 185 (1992), S. 189-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Mandibular condyle ; Calcified cartilage ; Ultrastructure ; Maturation ; Macaca fascicularis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In an attempt to show maturational alterations in the calcified cartilage, mandibular condyles of four growing and four adult male monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were studied using light microscopy as well as transmission and scanning electron microscopy. All specimens were initially fixed by perfusion in the presence of ruthenium red. For examination of the hard tissue surfaces in the scanning electron microscope, uncalcified tissues were removed with sodium hypochlorite. In growing animals, almost the entire hard tissue surface in the joint region of the condyle was formed by calcified cartilage, while in adult animals, calcified cartilage was confined to load-bearing regions. In growing animals, the appearance of the calcified cartilage surface suggested a continuously advancing mineralizing front similar to that seen in the epiphyseal plate. Chondrocytes mostly exhibited a terminal stage of hypertrophy, and seemed to die and get lost through vascular invasion and subsequent endochondral ossification. In adult animals, most of the calcified cartilage surface appeared comparatively stable, and resembled the tidemark of articular cartilage. Chondrocytes were usually small and appeared viable. However, on the adult condyles, there were always circumscribed islands where chondrocytes and the pattern of mineralization resembled those seen in growing animals. In these regions, prominent chondroclastic activity indicated extensive articular remodelling. These observations suggest that at the end of somatic growth, condylar calcified cartilage undergoes considerable maturation from a type reminiscent of hyaline growth cartilage to a type resembling articular cartilage. Concomitantly, chondrocytes appear to change their developmental program, in that they stop enlarging and lose their commitment to death. However, they may be able to retain, or switch back to, a more immature stage, in case there is need for extensive articular remodelling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00185921
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  • 81
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    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of cephalic neural tube closure by 5-azacytidine in neurulating rat embryos in vitro (1992)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 185 (1992), S. 217-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Rat ; Embryo culture ; Cephalic neurulation ; 5-Azacytidine ; Methylation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Head-fold stage rat embryos (9.5 days of gestation) were cultured for 48 h in rat serum with or without 0.8 μM 5-azacytidine. Incomplete closure of the cephalic neural tube was observed in 5-azacytidine-treated embryos cultured for 48 h (25-somite stage). Control embryos showed complete fusion of cephalic neural folds at 33 h (16-somite stage) in culture. Drug administration or removal experiments revealed that embryos were sensitive to 5-azacytidine during 6–12 h of culture (three to five somite stages). Electron microscopical studies indicated that the arrangement and fine structure of cephalic neuroepithelial cells were almost the same in control and treated embryos. There was no significant difference in DNA and protein contents between control and treated embryos cultured for 36 h. Immunocytochemical observations using 5-methylcytosine-specific antibody revealed that the staining of neuroepithelial cells in the median part of the transversely sectioned cephalic neural plate, and of mesenchymal cells near the apices of the plate, was suppressed by 5-azacytidine. These results suggest that DNA methylation of these cells plays an important role in closure of the cephalic neural tube.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00211820
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  • 82
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    Effects of cepharanthine and minoxidil on proliferation, differentiation and keratinization of cultured cells from the murine hair apparatus (1992)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 284 (1992), S. 290-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Cepharanthine ; Minoxidil ; Culture ; Hair cells ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of cepharanthine and minoxidil on proliferation, differentiation and keratinization of cultured cells from the murine hair apparatus were examined electron microscopically. Both cepharanthine and minoxidil stimulated cell proliferation and delayed initiation of differentiation and keratinization of the cultured cells. On day 6, most control cells (87%) cultured in a 0.03 mM calcium medium without cepharanthine and minoxidil were differentiated into several subpopulations corresponding to those of in vivo cell layers of the hair apparatus, while most of the cells cultured with cepharanthine (71%) or minoxidil (70%) were still immature. On day 13, the number of degenerated cells increased (63%) in the control culture, whereas in the culture treated with cepharanthine or minoxidil, cell degeneration scarcely occurred (5% and 8%, respectively). Differentiated cells having tonofilaments were often observed in the cepharanthine- and minoxidil-treated cultures (76% and 72%, respectively). Elevation of extracellular calcium up to 1.0 mM induced keratinization (34%) in the control culture on day 6, while no keratinized cells were observed in the cepharanthine- or minoxidil-treated culture. On day 13 keratinization similarly occurred in the cultures with cepharanthine (30%) or minoxidil (48%). These results show that both cepharanthine and minoxidil may directly influence proliferation, differentiation and keratinization of cultured cells from the hair apparatus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00372583
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  • 83
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    Ultrastructural localization of actin in normal human skin (1992)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 284 (1992), S. 242-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Immunogold ; Electron microscopy ; Human skin ; Actin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Normal human skin was embedded in Lowicryl K4M. Actin microfilaments were localized by applyinga postembedding immunogold technique using the monoclonal anti-actin antibody HHF35. Actin microfilaments are part of the cytoskeleton in muscle and nonmuscle cells. Together with myosin they produce contraction. The antibody labelled myofilaments in smooth muscle arrector pili cells, myoepithelial cells and pericytes. In sweat gland cells the microvilli system, a zone beneath the cytoplasma membrane correponding to the adhesion belt region, and apocrine decapitation formations showed labelling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00375802
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  • 84
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    Clinical, light and electron microscopic features of recessive ichthyosis congenita type III (1992)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 284 (1992), S. 259-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Genodermatoses ; Ultrastructure ; Membrane structures ; Abnormal keratinosomes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The recessively inherited congenital ichthyoses have ultrastructural features which indicate abnormal epidermal lipid metabolism. The ultrastructural markers of the three recessive congenital ichthyosis groups are lipid droplets in horny layers (type I), cholesterol clefts (type II) and membrane structures (type III). We describe six patients from five families belonging to the last group. The variable clinical phenotype alone does not allow the delineation of this disease, but together with the ultrastructural characteristics the subtype is unequivocal. In addition to the membrane structures, half of the cases showed abnormal keratinosomes and vesicular complexes. Membrane-bound vacuoles and needle-like slits were exceptionally found. The onset of the ichthyosis was variable, in contrast to other patients described under the heading recessive congenital ichthyosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00372578
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  • 85
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    Basal lamina-like material and hemidesmosome-like structures associated with dermal papilla cells in the normal human anagen hair follicle (1992)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 284 (1992), S. 303-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Hair follicle ; Basal lamina ; Dermal papilla cells ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00372585
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  • 86
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    Relationship between tissue reactions and morphological changes of the fungi in chromoblastomycosis: morphometry and electron microscopy (1992)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 284 (1992), S. 95-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Chromoblastomycosis ; Host-fungus relationship ; Morphometry ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To investigate the histological distribution and the morphology of the fungi and the tissue reactions in chromoblastomycosis, especially in the process of trans-epidermal elimination, cutaneous lesions of two patients with this disease were studied morphometrically and ultrastructurally. In the dermis, most of the fungal elements appeared as sclerotic cells and their cell wall showed an irregular, worm-eaten leaf-like appearance; they seemed to be continuously attacked by polymorphonuclear neutrophils. The epidermis eliminated 10–20% of all the organisms in the skin lesions, and the hypha-forming activity tended to be higher in the epidermis than in the dermis. Ultrastructurally, basal keratinocytes facing the dermal abscess containing fungal elements frequently appeared as dark cells, suggesting an increased proliferation activity. Spinous keratinocytes facing intraepidermal microabscesses containing fungal elements showed an abnormal accumulation of tonofilaments and further early keratinization in the spinous cell layer. All of the morphological changes of the dermis and epidermis are regarded as defence reactions against the fungi existing in the skin lesions. There is a close relationship between tissue reactions and morphological changes of fungi in chromoblastomycosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00373377
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  • 87
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    Electronic Resource
    Increase in types IV and VI collagen in cherry haemangiomas (1992)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 284 (1992), S. 275-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Cherry haemangioma ; Type IV collagen ; Type VI collagen ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The capillaries in cherry haemangiomas show perivascular hyalinized sheaths. In order to clarify the nature of this sheath material, the extracellular matrix of cherry haemangiomas from 20 normal volunteers (age range 30–64 years) was investigated using immunohistochemical and electronmicroscopical methods. Antibodies against collagen types III, IV and VI and laminin were used. Hyaluronic acid was visualized using the hyaluronic acid binding region of the cartilage proteoglycan as ligand. Electronmicroscopically, the sheaths contained multilaminated basement membrane-like material, collagen fibres 20–25 nm thick with a periodicity of 67 nm and broad-banded aggregates with a periodicity of 100 nm (zebra bodies or fibrous long-spacing fibres). Immunohistochemically, type IV collagen was stained throughout the whole sheath material. Staining for laminin was more confined to the endothelial side of the sheath. Intense staining for type III collagen and hyaluronic acid was found in the connective tissue of the subpapillary layer and between the cherry haemangioma capillaries. Much weaker staining for type III collagen and no staining for hyaluronic acid were found invariably in an area 4–10 Μm thick directly around the capillaries. Both sheath material and intercapillary connective tissue of the haemangiomas showed pronounced staining for collagen type VI. Immunogold staining revealed that type VI collagen was localized to microfibrils 5–6 nm thick and to the broad-banded aggregates with 100 nm periodicity. These findings further underline the assumption that the broad-banded aggregates consist of type VI collagen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00372581
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  • 88
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    Regionally disturbed production of cartilage proteoglycans in malformed fetuses from diabetic rats (1992)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 35 (1992), S. 517-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Rat ; teratology ; diabetic pregnancy ; mandible ; congenital malformation ; proteoglycans ; proteoglycan synthesis ; chondroitin sulphate ; costal cartilage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fetuses from normal and manifestly diabetic rats were obtained on pregnancy day 20. The fetuses from the diabetic rats were of normal or malformed morphology. Three tissue groups were dissected free; costal cartilage, the hard tissue of the rear, and of the frontal portion of the mandible. These tissues were maintained in vitro for 24 h during which time they were labelled with [35S]sulphate. After the culture period the tissues were extracted with guanidine HCl and the resulting residues were further extracted with alkali. The culture medium was saved and its macromolecular content was compared to that of the extracts. The proteoglycans recovered in all extracts eluted at two distinct positions after chromatography on a Sepharose CL-2B column (peak I: Kav ∼0.4, and peak II: Kav ∼0.8), but the elution patterns were markedly different in extracts from various tissues. Thus, in rib cartilage, the majority of the labelled proteoglycans were located in peak I (∼90%) with no difference between extracts of fetuses from normal and diabetic pregnancies. In extracts of mandibular cartilaginous tissue from normal rat off-spring the peak I percentage (60–80 %) was lower than in the rib cartilage extracts. In the extracts from the frontal portion of malformed mandibles of fetuses of diabetic rats, the peak I percentage (35±21%) was the lowest of all recorded and the only one to significantly differ from the other percentages in its (the frontal mandible) group. The results show an association between a congenital malformation, micrognathia, and a disturbance in the production of chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans in the malformed region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400478
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  • 89
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    Electronic Resource
    Insulin action and determinants of glycaemia in a rat model of Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus (1992)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 35 (1992), S. 208-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Rat ; basal hyperglycaemia ; insulin action ; Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We aimed to assess prandial responses, basal glucose turnover and insulin action (euglycaemic clamp) in a very low-dose neonatal streptozotocin model of Type 2 (noninsulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Male Wistar rats were injected at 2 days of age with 45 mg/kg streptozotocin or vehicle (control). At 8 weeks, the groups were subdivided and fed either a high-fat or high-starch diet for 3 weeks. Both the fat diet and streptozotocin treatments had independent hyperglycaemic effects (streptozotocin/fat 9.3±0.3 mmol/l; streptozotocin/starch 7.5±0.3 mmol/l; control/fat 7.4±0.1 mmol/l; all p〈0.01 vs control/starch 6.4±0.1 mmol/l). The fat diet effect was associated with both a reduction in basal glucose clearance (p〈0.001) and in basal hepatic glucose output (p〈0.05). Streptozotocin increased basal hepatic glucose output. Significantly higher prandial glycaemia in the streptozotocin/starch group occurred despite similar insulin levels and appeared to be related to an impaired early insulin response. Whole-body and tissue-specific insulin sensitivity were significantly depressed in fat-fed animals compared to starch-fed animals, however there were no significant effects of streptozotocin treatment. We conclude that fasting hyperglycaemia associated with abnormalities in both glucose production and clearance can exist in the presence of a basal hepatic glucose output which is reduced compared to control animals. Furthermore, dietary-fat-induced insulin resistance is not exacerbated by the relative insulin deficiency and/or mild hyper glycaemia observed when dietary fat and neonatal streptozotocin-treatments are combined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400919
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  • 90
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    Electronic Resource
    Maternal insulin treatment improves pre-implantation embryo development in diabetic rats (1992)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 35 (1992), S. 406-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Rat ; diabetes mellitus ; insulin ; blastocyst ; pre-implantation development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pre-implantation embryos were recovered from control, diabetic and insulin-treated diabetic rats on day 5 of pregnancy. Compared to control animals, diabetic rats had a 20 % reduction in the number of embryos per rat and blastocysts recovered from diabetic rats showed a 19 % decrease in total cell number. The cellular decrease observed in blastocysts was mainly at the expense of the inner cell mass. Insulin replacement therapy was started on day 1 of pregnancy and normalized the glycaemia of diabetic rats but failed to raise the number of embryos per rat toward the control value. Insulin treatment, however, fully restored the normal cell number in both the inner cell mass and trophectoderm of blastocysts. The dead cell index, which was significantly elevated in the inner cell mass of blastocysts from diabetic rats, also returned to the control value following insulin treatment. Our data suggest that diabetes-induced impairment of pre-implantation development can be partly prevented by insulin treatment started shortly after conception.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02342434
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  • 91
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of a five-week swimming program on rat bone: A histomorphometric study (1992)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 51 (1992), S. 137-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Swimming exercise ; Bone histomorphometry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary To specify the exercise-induced changes on different skeletal sites, the effect of a 5-week endurance swin training was studied in rats. Eighteen Lyon strain (Sprague-Dawley) 5-week old female rats were divided into nine sedentary and nine swimming rats. Each swim training session was increased by 15 minutes from 2–6 hours per day. A histomorphometric study was performed at the primary and secondary spongiosa of the distal femur and at the secondary spongiosa of lumbar and thoracic vertebral bodies. After training, bone loss was observed in the secondary spongiosa of lumbar vertebral bodies (24.7%) and in the primary spongiosa of distal femur (15.2%). A tendency to bone loss was also detected in the secondary spongiosa of distal femur (10.8%), whereas no change was detected in thoracic vertebral bodies. In secondary spongiosa, bone loss was accompanied with a thinning of trabeculae. Total eroded surfaces and osteoid surfaces were significantly decreased in the three studied skeletal sites, suggesting a decreased bone turnover. The decreased thickness of osteoid seams in both lumbar vertebrae and distal femur could mean that the osteoblastic activity has also been altered at the cell level, leading to thinning of trabeculae. Five-week swim training with such duration and intensity of exercise appears unable to increase bone volume in rats and, therefore, causes adverse effects. The three studied bones seemed to adapt differently to experimental conditions. The lack of ground reaction forces induced by water immersion might have contributed to the observed bone loss. “Normal” gravity would be an important cofactor in the osteogenic effects of exercise.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00298502
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  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biphasic dose-response curves of cortisol effects on rat diaphyseal bone biomechanics (1992)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 50 (1992), S. 49-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Cortisol ; Cortical bone ; Bone biomechanics ; Rat ; Femur
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Doses of 8, 16 (low), 32, 48, 64 (medium), and 150 (high) mg/kg/day of cortisol were administered to groups of 8 growing rats each during 16 days, and their femurs were then submitted to 3-point bending tests at low strain rate. Low doses had no effect. Medium doses, previously shown to improve calcium (Ca) balance and weight gain in the species, augmented diaphyseal elastic and ultimate strength, stiffness, and plastic-to-elastic deformation ratio with respect to untreated controls. This effect was achieved either by enhancing bone mass (volume, sectional moment of inertia, wall/lumen ratio) without changes in material quality parameters (32 mg/kg/day) or, conversely, by increasing bone tissue mechanical properties (stress, modulus of elasticity) not affecting bone geometry (48 and 64 mg/kg/day). The highest dose, known to depress Ca balance and weight gain, impaired diaphyseal mechanical performance in controls by substantially reducing bone mass without major variation in bone material properties, that is, developing a true osteopenic state in mechanical terms. The energy elastically absorbed per unit volume (proportional to the risk of comminute fractures) was greater with the highest dose because of enhanced deformability and diminished bone mass. The biphasic dose-response curves obtained, grossly parallel to those previously demonstrated for metabolic actions of cortisol in the same species, showed that biomechanical repercussion of this treatment on bone depends on different, dose-dependent effects which vary independently in temporal course, intensity, and sign.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00297297
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  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Different forms of alkaline phosphatase in adult rat femur. Effect of a Vitamin D3-deficient diet and of a sorbitol-enriched diet (1992)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 50 (1992), S. 433-438 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone alkaline phosphatase ; Rat ; Vitamin D ; Sorbitol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary In the femoral extremities of the adult rat containing the metaphysis, the epiphyseal cartilage, and the epiphysis, four alkaline phosphatase (AP) forms were distinguished on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Two soluble forms were present in the 160,000 g supernatant: one of Mr 165 kDa and another of Mr 110–115 kDa, which exhibited a strong catalytical activity. Moreover, from the pellet, three membrane-bound forms of Mr 130, 110–115, and 100 kDa could be extacted with sodium deoxycholate. When denaturated AP was visualized by postelectrophoretic autoradiography of the phosphorylated intermediates, subunits always appeared as three monomers of Mr 75–80, 60–70, and 50–60 kDa. As four native forms but only three types of subunits were found to be present in the femur, it seems that, apart from homodimers, some heterodimers could also occur. Three types of diets were administered to three groups of rats for 5 weeks. Two are known to disturb bone mineralization: (1) a vitamin D3-deficient diet, and (2) the same as (1) but enriched with 12% sorbitol. The third was a normal diet containing vitamin D3. Concerning the effects on AP of dietary sorbitol and the vitamin D3-deficient diet, it was found that rats receiving the diet supplemented with sorbitol showed a substantial rise in the activity of the Mr 165 kDa form with the concomitant appearance of a new monomer of Mr 100 kDa. In contrast, rats fed the vitamin D3-deficient diet always displayed an increase in enzyme activity, principally of the Mr 100 and 110 kDa forms. In conclusion, the femur extracts of normal rats contained different forms of AP: either soluble 110–115 and 165 kDa forms or membrane-bound 130, 110–115, and 100 kDa forms. The administration of sorbitol-enriched diet induced a marked increase of the 165 kDa form whereas the administration of vitamin D3-deficient diet increased the 100 and 110 kDa forms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296774
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  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthetic parathyroid hormone-like protein (1–74) is anabolic for bone in vivo (1992)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 51 (1992), S. 30-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: PTHRP ; Anabolic ; Rat ; Bone ; Potency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHRP) has recently been purified from human tumors associated with the syndrome of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. The gene encoding PTHRP has been cloned, and based on predicted amino acid sequence, polypeptides comprising the first 36 [36Tyr(1–36) PTHRP amide] and 74 [(1–74)PTHRP] amino acids have been synthesized. Human (h) PTHRP (1–36) and (1–74) are potent bone-resorbing agents, and are catabolic for bone in vivo when given continuously at high doses. Bovine parathyroid hormone (bPTH) (1–34) is also catabolic for bone at high dose levels, but when given in low doses for weeks to months, it is anabolic. Although PTHRP possess several PTH-like properties in bone, hPTHRP (1–34) is reported to be only weakly anabolic in vivo. As polypeptide length influences PTHRP action, we evaluated hPTHRP(1–74) as an anabolic agent for bone in vivo. Twenty-four 4-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were given daily subcutaneous injections of hPTHRP(1–74) (1 and 2 nmol/100 g body weight, bw), bPTH(1–34) (4 nmol/100 g bw) or vehicle. Rats were sacrificed on day 12, and serum calcium, phosphorus, and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D and femoral bone dry weight, calcium content, and hydroxyproline content were measured. Serum calcium and phosphorus were equivalent in all groups. A significant increase in dry bone weight was observed in both PTHRP-treated groups compared with controls. PTHRP also caused a significant, dose-dependent increase in bone calcium and hydroxypro-line content. Results of these studies indicate that PTHRP (1–74) is anabolic for bone in vivo when administered at low-dosage levels for a prolonged period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296214
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron-microscopic description of accretions occurring on tips of infected and non-infected central venous catheters (1992)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 18 (1992), S. 464-468 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Catheter ; Electron microscopy ; Infection ; Adherence ; Candida albicans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective The purpose of the study was do describe the architecture of accretions occurring on the tips of central venous catheters (CVC). Design A conservative procedure was used followed by two different techniques of electron microscopy Setting and patients the study included 19 catheters which have been used on intensive cared adults, and which were chosen among those of parallel 300 CVC study. Measurements and results CVC were considered sterile, contaminated, colonized or infected according to microbiological and clinical criteria. CVC were found to remain much cleaner than in past clescriptions. When present, accretions were located on the olive-shaped end, and displayed stratified structures with three types of material: amorphous material, thrombus components and inflammatory cells. Bacteria were not seen, even on culture positive CVC. Candida albicans was found on one CVC in the cytoplasm of ganulocytes, and made xio direct contact with the plastic surface. Conclusion This technique should contribute to the understanding of the pathobiology of CVC infection and provide information proving or precluding the involvement of microbial adherence to polymers in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01708582
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The carcinogenic effect of 2,2-dioxopropylnitrosamine on the renal pelvic epithelium of Sprague-Dawley rats, after chronic subcutaneous injections (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 118 (1992), S. 222-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Renal pelvis ; Carcinogenesis ; 2,2-Dioxopropylnitrosamine ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The carcinogenicity of 2,2-dioxopropylnitrosamine on the urinary tract was investigated in three experimental groups of Sprague-Dawley rats (15 males, 15 females/group) by weekly subcutaneous administration for the life of the carcinogen at dose levels 1/5, 1/10 and 1/20 of the LD50, and compared with that in a similar group of untreated controls. It resulted in the induction of urinary tract tumours in 42 out of 79 effective animals (53%). Of these animals, 38 developed tumours within the renal pelvis. In the high-dose group, females had a 100% incidence of renal pelvic tumours, and males 73%. In all experimental groups, renal pelvic tumours were more frequent than ureteral and vesical ones. Histologically, the tumours were transitional cell papillomas and carcinomas, except for one squamous carcinoma. Out of 66 tumours, 42 (64%) were low-grade. High-grade tumours arose mainly in the renal pelvis of animals belonging to the highest-dose group. This experiment offers a useful model for the study of mechanisms involved in renal pelvic carcinogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01410138
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Involvement of local ischemia in endothelin-1 induced lesions of the neostriatum of the anaesthetized rat (1992)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 88 (1992), S. 131-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Endothelin ; Ischemia ; Striatum ; Microdialysis ; Cerebral blood flow ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present study examines the possibility that lesions induced by intrastriatal injections of endothelin-1 (ET-1, 0.43 nmol/0.5 µl) are ischemic in nature due to a vasoconstriction of the cerebral microvessels. In time course and dose-response experiments with ET-1 and in comparisons with ET-3, the volume of the lesions has been determined based mainly on the disappearance of striatal nerve cells, using a computer assisted morphometrical analysis. The blood flow in the neostriatum close to the site of injection of ET-1 was determined acutely by Laser-Doppler flowmetry. The acute metabolic effects of ET-1 were also studied on striatal superfusate levels of lactate, pyruvate, dopamine and its metabolites DOPAC (3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid) and homovanilic acid (HVA) using an instrastriatal microdialysis probe. Dose related striatal lesions were observed with ET-1 (0.043–0.43 nmol) with a peak lesion volume after 24–48 h and the possible existence of a penumbra area. ET-3 showed a reduced potency to produce striatal lesions compared to ET-1. The lesions induced by ET-1 were prevented by coinjection with dihydralazine, a vasodilator drug. Acutely ET-1 (0.43 nmol/0.5 µl) produced a prolonged reduction of the cerebral blood flow down to 40% of control values and temporary increases of striatal lactate and DA efflux, the latter change being very marked. Also a significant reduction of DOPAC and HVA was observed. These neurochemical changes were all prevented by treatment with dihydralazine. These results indicate that ET-1 injected in the neostriatum may produce lesions by causing local ischemia, related to its vasoconstrictor activity and possibly also to an activation of ET-1 receptors in the astroglial-endothelial complex. Based on the present results it seems possible that ET-1 may participate in the multifactorial pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02259134
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibitory action of a conditioning procedure on visual responsive neurons of the nucleus reticularis thalami in rats (1992)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 88 (1992), S. 199-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Visual part of nucleus reticularis thalami ; Unit activity ; Conditioning ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In urethane anesthetized rats neuronal responses of the visual part of nucleus reticularis thalami (vTR) to light were compared with those during pairing light as a conditioned stimulus (CS) with the electrical stimulation of the rat's tail (US). The intensity of the US was adjusted to the minimum required to evoke a slight freezing behavior in the awake rat. The firing rate of most vTR neurons decreased in the period between light and US application (P 〈 0.01). Significant response modulations to light were observed in 39% of the units, in most of them they persisted over an extinction period of 15 min. In addition, neurons which were predominantly inhibited by conditioning sometimes changed from regular spiking to a burst pattern. The results support the hypothesis that conditioning related facilitation of geniculate neurons observed in previous experiments can be explained at least partly by disinhibition of geniculate units from vTR.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02259142
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A novel member to the family of perineuronal antigens associated with subpopulatios of central neurons in the rat (1992)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 88 (1992), S. 345-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Neuronal subsets ; Pericellular antigen ; Monoclonal antibody ; Cat ; 301 ; VC1.1 ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We reported earlier that monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) 473 and 376 gave perineuronal staining of different subsets of central neurons, and that both immunoreactivities were labile to treatment with chondroitinase ABC. On the other hand, MAb 1B5, the immunoreactivity to which is uncovered by chondroitinase ABC, stained a neuronal subset that included neurons positive to MAbs 473 and 376 (Fujita et al. 1989). We now report a new antibody, MAb 374, that stained perimeter of neurons of a subset different from those stained by MAbs 473, 376 and 1B5. In the rat central nervous system MAb 374-positive cells were found in the neocortex, thalamic reticular nucleus, hippocampus, cerebellar cortex and nuclei, and in the brain stem. MAb 374-immunoreactive neuropil was found in the medial habenular, arcuate, dorsal endopiriform nuclei, and the two plexiform layers of the retina. The immunoreactivity was not affected by treatment with chondroitinase ABC. Immunoblot experiments using a rat brain homogenate revealed a specific band at a position corresponding to a molecular weight of 600 kD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02259110
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Substance P-, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-, and cholecystokinin-like immunoreactive fiber projections from the superior colliculus to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus in the rat (1992)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 89 (1992), S. 59-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Tectogeniculate projections ; SP ; VIP ; CCK ; WGA-HRP ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Substance P (SP)-, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-, and cholecystokinin (CCK)-like immunoreactive (LI) neurons were found in the superior colliculus (SC) of the rat, and examined to ascertain whether they sent projection fibers to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGNd). Immunocytochemical staining with antisera against SP, VIP, and CCK showed that many immunoreactive neuronal cell bodies were located in the superficial layers of the SC, especially in the stratum griseum superficiale. The pattern of distribution of these immunoreactive neuronal cell bodies in the SC was similar to that of neuronal cell bodies which were retrogradely labeled with WGA-HRP (wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase conjugate) injected ipsilaterally into the LGNd. On the other hand, SP-, VIP- and CCK-LI axons were seen most densely in the lateral part of the LGNd, especially in the small-celled LGNd zone adjacent to the optic tract, where anterograde labeling was also observed after injection of WGA-HRP ipsilaterally into the superficial layers of the SC. When a lesion was produced by kainic acid injection into the superficial layers of the SC, axons showing SP-, VIP-, or CCK-LI in the LGNd ipsilateral to the lesion were markedly depleted. The results indicate that SC-LGNd projection neurons contain SP, VIP, and/or CCK in the rat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229001
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