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  • 1995-1999  (129)
  • 1990-1994
  • 1985-1989
  • 1997  (129)
  • Engineering General
  • Immunohistochemistry
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Perianal Bowen's disease (1997)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 40 (1997), S. 1286-1293 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Perianal Bowen's disease ; Immunohistochemistry ; p53 protein ; Ki-67 antigen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: Perianal Bowen's disease is an uncommon squamous-cell carcinoma in situ usually treated by surgical excision. There are controversies concerning surgical margin extent, because the disease is likely to recur in nonexcised skin areas of the anal and perianal skin. The aims of this study were 1) to determine the recurrence rate after different surgical treatments and 2) to determine if molecular markers might have a prognostic role in perianal Bowen's disease. METHOD: Retrospective chart review from 1972 to 1993 of 47 patients with perianal Bowen's disease was undertaken. Follow-up was obtained by office visits and/or phone questionnaire. Immunohistochemical analysis for p53 protein and Ki-67 nuclear antigen was conducted on fixed tissue specimens. RESULTS: Twenty-six patients were treated by wide local excision with microscopic clearance of resection margins, 15 by local excision with only macroscopic clearance of resection margins, 5 by CO 2 laser vaporization, and 1 by abdominoperineal resection because of fecal incontinence. Median follow-up for the entire population was 104 (range, 16–273) months. The incidence of local recurrence was 23.1 percent (6/26) after wide local excision, 53.3 percent (8/15) after local excision, and 80 percent (4/5) after CO 2 -laser vaporization. Recurrence rate estimated by Kaplan-Meier analysis is statistically different ( P =0.002) between radically treated patients (wide local excision/abdominoperineal resection;n =27) and patients undergoing conservative treatment (local excision/laser vaporization;n =20). Among patients with recurrence, the median time until recurrence was 38.5 (range, 3–89) months and 41.5 (range, 4–111) months after conservative and radical treatment, respectively. Nine of 20 (45 percent) patients in the conservative group and none of the 27 patients in the radical group had multiple episodes of recurrence ( P 〈0.001). In addition, 3 of 20 and 0 of 27 patients in the respective groups developed an invasive cancer ( P =0.034). Positive staining for p53 protein was observed in 12 (33.3 percent) of the 36 tissue specimens available for immunohistochemical analysis. Recurrence occurred in 9 of 24 (37.5 percent) patients negative for p53 and in 6 of 12 (50 percent) patients with positive p53 expression ( P =not significant). Ki-67 antigen-graded expression from 1+ to 4+ did not reveal any correlation with incidence of recurrence. Recurrence rate did not differ by p53 and Ki-67 results, either in the overall group of 36 patients or stratified by surgical treatment groups. CONCLUSION: Wide local excision for perianal Bowen's disease leads to a significantly lower recurrence rate than local excision or laser therapy. Follow-up longer than five years is recommended because of the risk of late recurrence. p53 protein and Ki-67 antigen immunohistologic expression may not have a prognostic role in perianal Bowen's disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02050810
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prognostic relevance of occult tumor cells in lymph nodes of colorectal carcinomas (1997)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 40 (1997), S. 1465-1471 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Colorectal cancer ; Lymph node metastases ; Occult tumor cells ; Immunohistochemistry ; AE1/AE3 ; Ber-EP4 ; Alkaline phosphatase, antialkaline phosphatase technique
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: Whereas lymph node metastases in colorectal carcinoma are an important prognostic factor, the prognostic relevance of occult tumor cells in lymph nodes is not elucidated at present. Therefore, our study intended to assess the rate of patients with occult tumor cells in histopathologically negative lymph nodes. Furthermore, we tried to evaluate an eventual influence of these occult tumor cells on patients' prognoses. METHODS: For examination, we used paraffin blocks of lymph nodes, tumor-negative by conventional histopathology, from 49 patients with colorectal carcinoma (Stage I–III) after a curative (RO) tumor resection in 1987. After preparation of tissue blocks using the serial sectioning technique, the specimens were stained with the alkaline phosphatase, antialkaline phosphatase method and two monoclonal antibodies (AE1/AE3 and Ber-EP4). RESULTS: In 13 of 49 patients (26.5 percent), we disclosed tumor cells, mostly located in subcapsular sinuses as single cells or in groups. There was a good correlation between the detection rate and N category, tumor stage, and grading. Moreover, 33 percent of patients in Stage I/II with occult tumor cells (NO+) developed a local relapse and/or distant metastases in contrast to 12 percent of patients without tumor cells (NO−). With a median follow-up of 84 months, we found no difference in disease-free survival between the tumor cell negative and positive groups in Stage I/II patients. CONCLUSION: The results show that occult tumor cells might increase the risk for development of a local tumor relapse and/or distant metastases but do not influence patients' prognoses at all.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02070713
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Significance of proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in liver metastasis of colorectal cancer (1997)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 40 (1997), S. 1489-1493 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Colorectal cancer ; Liver metastasis ; Proliferating cell nuclear antigen ; Pathology ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: The study contained herein was aimed at finding some possible pathologic factors that have significance for the prediction of liver metastasis in colorectal cancer. METHOD: Resected specimens of colorectal cancer from 23 patients with liver metastasis and 30 patients without liver metastasis were subjected to pathologic study, including microscopic characteristics and proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunohistochemistry assay. RESULTS: Strongly positive expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen was present in 65.21 percent (15/23) of the liver metastasis group, whereas it was found in only 20 percent (6/30) of the group without liver metastasis ( P 〈0.005). Deeper invasion to the muscularis propria or serosa and less infiltration of lymphocytes surrounding the tumor were more frequently found in the liver metastasis group than in the other group ( P 〈0.025). CONCLUSION: Extent of proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression, depth of invasion, and reaction of lymphocyte infiltration of the primary tumor could have predictive significance of colorectal cancer in liver metastasis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02070717
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-term outcome of patients with perianal Paget's disease (1997)
    Springer
    Annals of surgical oncology 4 (1997), S. 475-480 
    Details
    ISSN: 1534-4681
    Keywords: Perianal Paget's disease ; Immunohistochemistry ; p53 protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: Perianal Paget's disease (PPD) is a rare intraepithelial adenocarcinoma with a significant rate of recurrence after treatment and high risk of progression to an invasive cancer. Patients and Methods: Fourteen patients with a mean follow-up longer than 5 years were studied to determine the outcome after surgical treatment. The immunohistochemical accumulation of p53 protein also was assessed in tissue specimens to evaluate its prognostic role in patients with PPD. Results: Four patients were excluded because of progression to invasive malignancy at the time of diagnosis. Two patients underwent local excision (LE) with macroscopic clearance of the surgical margins; the remaining eight patients underwent wide local excision (WLE), i.e., 〉1 cm microscopic clearance of the surgical margins. The actuarial 8-year recurrence rate for patients treated with LE and WLE was 100% and 50% (SE=17.7), respectively. Progression to invasive carcinoma occurred after a median time of 56 months (range 23–72) in two patients treated with LE and in one of eight patients treated with WLE. All four patients with recurrence after WLE were successfully treated (no further recurrence) with a second WLE. Actuarial 8-year survival was 0% in the LE group and 40% (SE=21.9) in the WLE group. There was no p53 protein accumulation in any of the ten patients with PPD. Conclusions: Survival of patients with PPD treated by WLE was higher than that for those treated with LE. Thus, wide local excision is recommended over limited local excision as a preferred treatment for PPD. Follow-up longer than 5 years seems to be indicated because of the risk of late progression to invasive cancer. When PPD does recur, a second WLE may be curative. The absence of accumulated p53 protein suggests that this marker may not have a prognostic role in PPD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02303671
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of postmortem changes on immunohistochemical reactions in skin (1997)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 110 (1997), S. 18-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Key words Proteinase inhibitors ; Fibronectin ; Lysozyme ; Immunohistochemistry ; Autolysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Notes: Abstract The influence of postmortem damage of tissues on the immunohistochemical diagnosis of wound age has not as yet been clarified. We utilized antibodies against the proteinase inhibitors α-1-antichymotrypsin and α-2-macroglobulin, fibronectin and lysozyme to study samples of skin which had been intact intravitally, but were damaged postmortem either by autolysis or compression with a surgical clamp at the time of dissection. Even in the absence of autolysis, antibodies against the proteinase inhibitors and fibronectin exhibited staining of tissue margins. Autolysis caused an increase in false positive results. In contrast, antibodies against lysozyme did not give false positive staining. There were no antigens sensitive to postmortem clamping and false positive results were not observed. Antibodies against proteinase inhibitors are not useful for the diagnosis of wound age because of a high number of false positive reactions in marginal areas. Fibronectin also showed false positive band-shaped staining patterns at the tissue margin. In addition, autolytic processes increase the number of false positives. The antibody against lysozyme is much less sensitive to autolysis and no false positive reactions were observed in our series of tests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00007690
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of postmortem changes on immunohistochemical reactions in skin (1997)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 110 (1997), S. 18-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Proteinase inhibitors ; Fibronectin ; Lysozyme ; Immunohistochemistry ; Autolysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Notes: Abstract The influence of postmortem damage of tissues on the immunohistochemical diagnosis of wound age has not as yet been clarified. We utilized antibodies against the proteinase inhibitors α-1-antichymotrypsin and α-2-macroglobulin, fibronectin and lysozyme to study samples of skin which had been intact intravitally, but were damaged postmortem either by autolysis or compression with a surgical clamp at the time of dissection. Even in the absence of autolysis, antibodies against the proteinase inhibitors and fibronectin exhibited staining of tissue margins. Autolysis caused an increase in false positive results. In contrast, antibodies against lysozyme did not give false positive staining. There were no antigens sensitive to postmortem clamping and false positive results were not observed. Antibodies against proteinase inhibitors are not useful for the diagnosis of wound age because of a high number of false positive reactions in marginal areas. Fibronectin also showed false positive band-shaped staining patterns at the tissue margin. In addition, autolytic processes increase the number of false positives. The antibody against lysozyme is much less sensitive to autolysis and no false positive reactions were observed in our series of tests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441020
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reaction patterns in selected lymphatic tissues associated with sudden infant death (SID) (1997)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 110 (1997), S. 63-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Key words Sudden infant death ; Lymph nodes ; Thymus ; Histology ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Notes: Abstract In 50 cases of sudden infant death cervical, paratracheal and lung hilar lymph nodes, the thymus and the spleen were investigated by histology and immunohistochemistry (CD 20, 21, 45RO). The cases were divided into 3 groups based on autopsy findings including extensive histology: A – without pathological changes (N = 12), B – with minimal to intermediate inflammation (N = 23) and C – with severe inflammation (N = 15). In accordance with previous results the frequency of “pathological” lymph node changes, such as paracortical lymphoid hyperplasia and variegated hyperplasia of the pulp increased from group A to group C. The B-cell antigens reacted accordingly. A pronounced lymphodepletation of the thymus as a sign of a long lasting stimulation of the T-cell system was also observed increasingly from group A to C. In summary, in none of the cases results obtained were indicative of a defect of the T- or B-cell system. The results in group A seem to indicate that changes in the reaction pattern of the lymphoid tissues could be a more sensitive method of detection of early stages of inflammation than local histology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004140050032
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology, immunohistochemistry and morphometry of pancreatic islets in cases of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) (1997)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 110 (1997), S. 199-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Key words SIDS ; Endocrine pancreas ; Morphology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Morphometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Notes: Abstract The pancreatic islets from 112 infants (66 males and 46 females) who died of SIDS during the years 1990– 1992 have been studied. The control group consisted of endocrine pancreas tissue from 19 infants who died of a clear cause of death (pneumonia, drowning, sepsis, etc.). The mean age of the SIDS group was 5.1 months. We found histologically normally developed organs in all the SIDS cases. By evaluating the relative endocrine cell area of the pancreas by immunohistochemical investigations, A-cells were found to make up 10–30%, B-cells 30–60%, D-cells 10–30% and pancreatic polypeptide cells less than 10% in the SIDS group and in the controls with a small increase in glucagon and insulin cells among SIDS cases. The morphometric evaluation revealed that cell enlargement and cytoplasm shrinking occurred slightly more often in the SIDS group than in the control group. The diameter of the islets was normal and the maximal volume was not enlarged. The results did not show significant differences so that a relationship between alterations of the endocrine pancreas and sudden infant death syndrome could not be demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004140050067
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of cell death in human skin wounds of various ages by an in situ end labeling of nuclear DNA fragments (1997)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 110 (1997), S. 240-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Key words Cell death ; Apoptosis ; Wound age ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Notes: Abstract The time-dependent appearance of signs of cell death was investigated in human skin wounds using in situ end labeling of DNA fragments (ISEL). In the dermal layer an average of not more than 0.3 positively stained fibroblastic cells/0.01 cm × 0.01 cm was found up to a postinfliction interval of approximately 6 h. Average numbers exceeding 1 positive cell/0.01 cm × 0.01 cm were first detectable in a skin wound after 24 h. Therefore, average numbers greater than 1 labeled cell/ 0.01 cm × 0.01 cm indicate a postinfliction interval of approximately 1 day. An increase in the average number of positively stained cells occurred with increasing wound age. Values exceeding 3 cells/0.01 cm × 0.01 cm were first detectable 19 days after wound infliction. Accordingly, values of more than 3 labeled cells indicate a postinfliction interval of approximately 3 weeks or more. Since low numbers of labeled fibroblastic cells or even negative results were found in wounds of advanced age, only positive results provide information which can be useful for a forensic age estimation of human skin wounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004140050078
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pulmonary myelomonocyte subtypes in drowning and other causes of death (1997)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 110 (1997), S. 295-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Key words Macrophage subtypes ; Lung compartments ; Drowning ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Notes: Abstract Three immunohistochemically different myelomonocytic subtypes, i. e. MRP8, MRP14 and 27E10 were quantitatively evaluated in the intraalveolar, alveolar-interstitial and alveolar-intracapillary lung compartments. Lung sections from 5 major groups with defined causes of death, i. e. drowning and death during immersion (DI), cerebral/intracranial haemorrhages (CH), sudden cardiac deaths (SCD), hanging and throttling (HT) and immediate trauma deaths (ITD) were stained and the positive cells counted. The results show clear differences of the cell numbers on average. Among the different compartments the intracapillary cell count exhibits the highest numbers. If the cell counts are compared to the different causes of death, DI shows the highest values and ITD the lowest. The individual values, however, show considerable variations in all compartments and especially in the low cell count range. Within the DI group two subgroups can be differentiated, one having low and the other one having high cell numbers. This can be due to the type of agony, i.e. drowning versus immersion/hydrocution, or to resuscitation attempts or to a combination of both factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004140050091
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time dependence of the expression of ICAM-1 (CD 54) in human skin wounds (1997)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 110 (1997), S. 299-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Key words ICAM-1 ; CD 54 ; Wound age ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Notes: Abstract To characterize the vitality and age of skin wounds by means of the ICAM-1 pattern, 157 intravital human skin wounds (time since injury ranging from 5 min to 730 days) were immunohistochemically investigated. ICAM-1 was detected in paraffin sections after autoclaving and using the ABC technique in 86% of the wounds investigated. The correlation between ICAM-1 expression and the degree of wound inflammation is weak. Strong positive staining was observed 1.5 h at the earliest and 3.5 days at the latest after the time of injury. ICAM-1 also appeared at low concentrations in samples of uninjured skin (n = 65), on keratinocytes and the endothelial cells of blood vessels. Moderate to strong ICAM-1 expression is a valuable indication of the vitality of the wound. However, at present the detection of ICAM-1 alone is not sufficient to fix the wound age with the accuracy which is required for forensics applications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004140050092
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Capsaicin-sensitive local sensory innervation is involved in pacing-induced preconditioning in rat hearts: role of nitric oxide and CGRP? (1997)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 356 (1997), S. 356-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Key words Preconditioning ; Rapid pacing ; Capsaicin ; Nitric oxide ; Electron-spin resonance ; Calcitonin ; gene-related peptide ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat heart
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Among several mediators, nitric oxide (NO) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) were suggested to be involved in the mechanism of preconditioning. We examined the possible role of the cardiac capsaicin-sensitive sensory innervation in pacing-induced preconditioning, as well as in the cardiac NO and CGRP content. Wistar rats were treated subcutaneously with capsaicin or its solvent in the sequence of 10, 30, and 50 mg/kg increasing single daily doses for 3 days to deplete neurotransmitters of the sensory innervation. Isolated hearts from both groups were then subjected to either preconditioning induced by three consecutive periods of pacing at 600 beats per minute for 5 min with 5 min interpacing periods, or time-matched non-preconditioning perfusion, followed by a 10-min coronary occlusion. NO content of left ventricular tissue samples was assayed by electron-spin resonance, and CGRP release was determined by radioimmunoassay. CGRP immunohistochemistry was also performed. In the non-preconditioned, solvent-treated group, coronary occlusion decreased cardiac output (CO) from 68.1 to 32.1 mL/min, increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) from 0.58 to 1.90 kPa, and resulted in 200 mU/min/g LDH release. Preconditioning significantly increased ischaemic CO to 42.9 mL/min (P 〈 0.05), decreased ischaemic LVEDP to 1.26 kPa (P 〈 0.05) and decreased LDH release to 47 mU/min/g (P 〈 0.05) in the solvent-treated group. Preconditioning did not confer protection in the capsaicin-pretreated group (ischaemic CO: 35.6 mL/min; LVEDP: 1.76 kPa; LDH 156 mU/min/g). Capsaicin-treatment markedly decreased cardiac NO content, CGRP release, and CGRP-immunoreactivity. Conclusions: (i) The presence of an intact local sensory innervation is a prerequisite to elicit pacing-induced preconditioning in the rat heart. (ii) A significant portion of cardiac basal NO content may be of neural origin. (iii) Release of NO and CGRP from capsaicin-sensitive nerves may be involved in the mechanism of pacing-induced preconditioning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00005062
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of types I, II and III collagen and glycosaminoglycans in the mandibular condyle of growing monkeys: an immunohistochemical study (1997)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 195 (1997), S. 127-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Mandibular condyle ; Cartilage ; Collagen ; Proteoglycan ; Extracellular matrix ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  In order to analyse the regional and age-related variations of primate condyles, immunohistochemical techniques were used to examine the localization of types I, II and III collagen and a variety of glycosaminoglycans in distinct anteroposterior regions of the mandibular condyle of two growing female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). In the juvenile monkey staining for types I and III collagen was weak in the fibrous tissue layer, intense in the pre-cartilaginous tissue layer and faint in the cartilaginous tissue layer; staining was significantly more intense in the posterosuperior and posterior regions than in the anterior region. Similarly, staining for cartilage-characteristic extracellular matrices, including type II collagen and keratan sulfate, was intense in the cartilaginous tissue layer of the posterior condyle. In contrast, in the late-adolescent monkey staining for the extracellular matrices was more intense in the anterior half of the condyle (i.e. from the anterior to the posterosuperior region) than in the posterior region, and most intense in the posterosuperior region. The results demonstrate that marked regional differences exist in the phenotypic expression of the extracellular matrices in the mandibular condyles of growing monkeys and that these differences vary between different developmental stages. The variations probably reflect the predominance of competing growth and articulatory functions in the mandibular condyles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004290050031
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of 2′,5′-oligoadenylate synthetase and the enhancement of its activity with recombinant interferon-α A/D in the mouse brain (1997)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 195 (1997), S. 251-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words 2′ ; 5′-Oligoadenylate synthetase ; Interferon ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mouse ; Brain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Although the expression of 2′,5′-oligoadenylate synthetase (2–5AS) is induced by interferon (IFN), low constitutive levels can be detected in animals that have not been treated with IFN. In order to clarify which cells express 2-5AS in the mouse brain, the distribution of this enzyme in the brains of both normal healthy mice and mice treated with recombinant human IFN-α A/D was studied by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry, using a specific monoclonal antibody. On the Western blots, the antibody to 42-kD 2–5AS reacted slightly with extracts from the telencephalon, cerebellum, diencephalon, and medulla oblongata of normal mouse brain. 42-kD 2–5AS was predominantly found in the ependymal cells and epithelium of the choroid plexus, and to a lesser degree in neurons and glial cells. Injection of recombinant human IFN-α A/D into the left lateral ventricle enhanced the activity of the enzyme in the telencephalon, cerebellum, diencephalon, and medulla oblongata, but did not change the immunohistochemical localization of the enzyme. Direct injection of the IFN into the cortex of the telencephalon enhanced the activity of 2–5AS in all parts of the brain and immunoreactivity was observed in the neurons and glial cells surrounding the injection site. These data indicate that 42-kD 2–5AS activity in the mouse brain is enhanced by the injection of recombinant human IFN-α A/D either into the left lateral ventricle or cortex of the telencephalon. Expression of 42-kD 2–5AS in ependymal cells and epithelium of the choroid plexus may prevent viral infections in the brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004290050044
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variable expression of tumor necrosis factor α in human malignant melanoma localized by in situ hybridization for mRNA (1997)
    Springer
    Cancer immunology immunotherapy 44 (1997), S. 335-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Keywords: Key words Malignant melanoma ; TNFα ; mRNA ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) is a cytokine, produced by lymphocytes and monocytes, with cytotoxic activity against some but not all tumor cell lines. Resistance to the cytolytic effects of TNFα has been reported in cell lines with autocrine TNFα production. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether human primary malignant melanoma and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes produce TNFα in vivo. Optimal conditions for in situ hybridization for TNFα mRNA in paraffin-embedded tissue were established. Analysis of 13 primary malignant melanomas and 3 metastatic lesions with different degrees of immunohistochemical TNFα positivity demonstrated that, in some tumors, both melanoma cells and leukocytes contained TNFα mRNA and protein. These findings demonstrate variable production of TNFα in primary and metastatic melanoma in vivo.The previously described resistance to TNFα cytolytic activity may, therefore, be clinically important.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002620050391
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prognostic value of immunohistochemistry for p53 in primary soft-tissue sarcomas: a multivariate analysis of five antibodies (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 123 (1997), S. 502-508 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; p53 ; Soft-tissue sarcoma ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Most changes of tumor suppressor p53 and its pathway involve a protein with prolonged half-life that permits immunohistochemical detection. The goal of this study was to compare the prognostic relevance of five different p53 antibodies in primary soft-tissue sarcomas (STS) with known p53 mutation status, using a multivariate Cox regression model (adjusted to tumor grading, staging, localization, tumor type, and therapy). A group of 198 primary STS of six types were investigated for p53 overexpression, using p53 antibodies DO-1, DO-7, Pab1801, Pab240, and CM-1. A positive marker frequency between 36.2% and 62.6% was detected. Out of 65 patients whose primary tumor reacted positively to all five antibodies, 52 (80%) died within the study period. Only the N-terminal-binding monoclonal antibodies DO-1, DO-7 and Pab1801 showed a multivariate correlation with survival (P=0.0014, 0.0048 and 0.02). CM-1 and Pab240 had a univariate, but not a multivariate correlation, with a confounding effect of grading. The prognostic relevance for the five p53 antibodies was: DO-1〉Pab1801〉DO-7〉CM-1〉Pab240. This is the first study that investigates multivariately the prognostic relevance of p53 immunostaining in STS. If monoclonal antibodies with an epitope in the N-terminal region of the p53 protein (DO-1, Pab1801, DO-7) are applied, p53 immunohistochemistry provides an independent prognostic marker in STS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01192205
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunhistochemische Untersuchungen von Mittelohrschleimhautresten im Cholesteatom (1997)
    Springer
    HNO 45 (1997), S. 630-635 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0458
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Cholesteatom ; Immunhistochemie ; Transforming growth factor-α ; Epidermal growth factor ; Epidermal growth factor-Rezeptor ; Interleukin-1 ; Ki-67 Antigen ; MIB 1 ; c-myc Protoonkogen ; Aktivierungsmarker 4F2 ; Mittelohrschleimhaut ; Key words Cholesteatoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Transforming growth factors ; Cytokines ; Pathogenesis ; Middle ear mucosa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The development of a middle ear cholesteatoma is usually associated with chronic inflammation and displacement of the mucosa present by the invading squamous epithelium. To analyze the clinically different behaviors of both epithelia, we used immunohistochemical methods to study the distribution and expression of interleukin-1 (Il-1), transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-α), epidermal growth factor (EGF), epidermal growth factor-receptor (EGF-R), the proliferation marker MIB 1, c-myc proto-oncogene product and activation marker 4F2. Results stromal that keratinocytes in a cholesteatoma exhibited a much higher activation and proliferation rate when compared to middle ear mucosa cells. Middle ear epithelial cells showed no immunoreactivity for TGF-alpha, EGF-R, Il-1 and c-myc in contrast to the markedly positive immunoreactivity found in cholesteatoma matrix. The local release of cytokines and growth factors, such as TGF-alpha, EGF and Il-1 by inflammatory cells seems to be an important factor for the hyperproliferative behavior of cholesteatoma epithelium. Our findings could contribute to the pathogenesis of middle ear cholesteatoma and give a possible explanation for the sustained progression of its growth leading to displacement of the middle ear mucosa.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das Cholesteatom ist durch das Einwachsen verhornenden Plattenepithels in das Mittelohr charakterisiert. Um das Verhalten beider Epithelien zu beschreiben, wurden 50 Cholesteatompräparate mit Mittelohrschleimhautanteilen immunhistochemisch auf die Expression und Lokalisation von Interleukin-1 (Il-1), „transforming growth factor-α” (TGF-α), „epidermal growth factor” (EGF), „epidermal growth factor-receptor” (EGF-R), des Proliferationsmarkers MIB 1, des Protoonkogenprodukts c-myc und des Aktivierungsmarkers 4F2 vergleichend untersucht. Die Keratinozyten des Cholesteatoms besaßen eine deutlich höhere Aktivierungs- und Proliferationsrate als die Mittelohrschleimhautzellen. Die Epithelzellen der Mittelohrmukosa zeigten immunhistochemisch keine Expression von TGF-α, EGF-R, Il-1 und c-myc, im Gegensatz zur deutlichen Immunreaktivität der Cholesteatommatrix. Die lokale Freisetzung von Zytokinen und Wachstumsfaktoren, wie TGF-α, EGF und Il-1 aus Zellen des entzündlichen Infiltrats der Perimatrix, scheinen für das hyperproliferative Wachstumsverhalten der Cholesteatommatrix von besonderer Bedeutung zu sein. Die Ergebnisse können als Erklärungsansatz für das Fortschreiten des Cholesteatomwachstums unter Verdrängung der Mittelohrschleimhaut dienen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001060050138
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    In vivo responses of macrophages and myofibroblasts in the healing following isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury in rats (1997)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 430 (1997), S. 63-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Healing ; Myocardial injury ; Macrophage ; Myofibroblast ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To clarify the relation between macrophage and myofibroblast involvement in various myocardial diseases, the authors investigated the kinetics of these cells in the healing (scar tissue formation) following isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury in rats. Alphasmooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expressing myofibroblasts were seen at the border of the affected area and appeared in the greatest numbers on days 3–7 post-injection, followed by a gradual decrease by day 35. The peak on day 3 was consistent with the timing of the highest proliferative activity of myofibroblasts. The number of ED1-positive macrophages began to increase as early as day 1, reaching a peak on day 3 within the injured myocardium. The expansion of EDI-positive macrophages preceded an increased number of α-SMA-positive myofibroblasts suggesting that myofibroblast proliferation and activation may be mediated by factors released by ED1-positive mcrophages in response to myocardial injury. The number of ED2-positive tissue-fixed, resident macrophages gradually increased from day 3 post-injection, and peaked on day 14, but the number of ED2-positive macrophages was consistently fewer than that of ED1-positive macrophages during the 35 day-observation period after the injection. The labelling index of the ED2-positive cells was maximal on day 14, indicative of local proliferation of resident macrophages. In the healing process after myocardial injury, EDI-positive macrophages increase markedly in the early stages; ED2-positive macrophages appear later.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01008018
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical localization of acidic fibroblast growth factor in normal human enterochromaffin cells and related gastrointestinal tumours (1997)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 430 (1997), S. 117-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Acidic fibroblast growth factor ; Gastrointestinal endocrine tumours ; Carcinoid tumours ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) is a member of the structurally related heparin-binding growth factor family. The best studied members of this family are aFGF and basic FGF (bFGF), which are potent mitogens and differentiation factors for mesodermderived cells, including fibroblasts. This study was designed to verify the immunohistochemical expression of aFGF in normal human endocrine cells of the gut and in related endocrine tumours. We examined normal gastrointestinal mucosa from seven different subjects and 41 gut endocrine tumours from different sites, including stomach, duodenum, and small and large intestine, using an aFGF polyclonal antibody with no cross-reactivity for bFGF. We localized aFGF in a fraction of serotonin-producing enterochromaffin (EC) cells of the normal gut, while it was absent in gastrin (G), CCK, secretin (S), somatostatin (D) and glicentin (L) cells. aFGF immunoreactivity was also expressed in serotonin producing EC cell tumours, but not in other functional types of gut endocrine neoplasms investigated, including gastric ECL cell, duodenal somatostatin and gastrin cell, and rectal L cell tumours. A positive correlation was found between expression of aFGF and the amount of tumour fibrous stroma, suggesting that aFGF may be involved in proliferation and activity of stromal fibroblasts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01008032
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    Electronic Resource
    Phalangeal intraosseous well-differentiated osteosarcoma of the hand (1997)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 430 (1997), S. 185-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Intraosseous well-differentiated osteosarcoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ultrastructure Phalanx
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A case of intraosseous well-differentiated osteosarcoma in one phalanx of the hand is reported. A 78-year-old man noticed swelling in the little finger of his right hand approximately 7 years before referral. Imaging disclosed a tumour with a “ground glass appearance and irregular mottled calcification occupying almost all of the phalanx marrow and suggested slight invasion into the soft tissue. Open biopsy suggested a diagnosis of well-differentiated fibroblastic osteosarcoma. The finger and its metacarpal bone were amputated and a tumour measuring 3.5x2.2x2.0 cm and with an indistinct soft tissue margin was found in the bone marrow. Histologically, the tumour was composed of fibroblastic cells with few mitoses, and neoplastic bone formation was apparent. Although the tumour appeared to be a fibrous dysplasia, the presence of nuclear atypia, hypercellularity, and the absence of a typical woven bone pattern in addition to the soft tissue invasion indicated otherwise. Ultrastructural examination showed focal myofibroblastic differentiation, and immunohistochemistry revealed smooth muscle actin, vimentin, osteocalcin, osteonectin and MIB1 in the tumour cells. This ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study is believed to be the first detailed report of an intraosseous well-differentiated osteosarcoma of phalangeal bone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01008041
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stromelysin-3 expression in early (pT1) carcinomas and pseudoinvasive lesions of the colorectum (1997)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 430 (1997), S. 213-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Pseudoinvasion ; Colon carcinoma ; Stromelysin 3 ; Immunohistochemistry ; In situ hybridization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Pseudoinvasion in colorectal adenomas is often difficult to distinguish from invasive carcinoma. Previous studies have indicated that expression of stromelysin-3 (ST 3), one of the metalloproteinase family of enzymes, may be useful for the identification of early invasive carcinoma. The goal of our study was to detect ST-3 expression in colorectal adenomatous polyps to see if it could be helpful for the differential diagnosis of pseudoinvasion vs. true invasion. We studied 25 polypectomy specimens which were divided histologically into 2 groups; the first consisted of 15 adenomas with invasive carcinoma, 8 of these carcinomas were more diffusely infiltrative (pT1), and 7 tended to be expansively invasive. The second group was composed of 10 adenomas with pseudoinvasion. A 35S labelled cDNA probe was used for in situ hybridization (ISH) and a monoclonal antibody (5ST4A9) for immunohistochemistry (IHC). The distribution of ST-3 expression as detected by IHC and ISH was identical. All diffusely infiltrative carcinoma cases showed ST-3 expression, but only focally in 2 cases with marked lymphocytic infiltration. None of the expansive carcinoma or pseudoinvasion cases showed ST-3 expression. ST-3 expression seems to be an indicator of invasion, but a negative reaction for ST-3 does not rule out an expansive invasive neoplasm or a diffusely infiltrative invasive tumour with a dense lymphocytic reaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01324804
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    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical and clinical evaluation of cathepsin expression in soft tissue sarcomas (1997)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 430 (1997), S. 221-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Cathepsins ; Immunohistochemistry ; Human soft tissue sarcomas ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Lysosomal proteases are known to enhance the spread of epithelial tumour cells, but little is known of the possible role of proteases in the growth of soft tissue sarcomas (STS). We investigated the expression of cathepsins D, B, S, H, L and procathepsin L in frozen sections of 34 STS from 34 patients by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Cathepsins D, B and H were relatively highly expressed in STS (77–91%). The expression rate of cathepsins S and L and of procathepsin L was lower (40–66%). Cathepsin S and L expression showed a moderate (P = 0.078 andP = 0.019) and procathepsin L a strong (P = 0.00001) correlation with the survival rate of STS patients. Cathepsin S expression is also correlated with the local recurrence rate (P 〈 0.01). Lysosomal proteases may play a role in STS progression, and cathepsin expression may also have, significance as a prognostic factor in STS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01324805
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    Electronic Resource
    Reciprocal control of colon-specific sulfomucin and sialosyl-Tn antigen expression in human colorectal neoplasia (1997)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 431 (1997), S. 25-30 
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    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Colon cancer ; Colon-specific sulfomucin ; Sialosyl-Tn ; Immunohistochemistry ; Cell differentiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Histochemical reports claim that sulfomucins decrease and sialylated mucins increase during colon carcinogenesis. We examined the expression of colon-specific sulfomucins and sialosyl Tn antigen (STN) in normal small intestine, normal colorectal mucosa and colorectal tumours at different stages of progression immunohistochemically, using MAb 91.9H specific for colonic sulfomucins and MAb TKH-2 for STN. No expression of sulfomucins recognized by MAb 91.9H was found in normal small intestine, whereas STN staining was pronounced. The converse was the case in normal colorectal mucosa. Sulfomucins were still found in adenomas, but the amounts decreased with depth of invasion in cancers (P〈0.001). In contrast, no STN could be detected in benign lesions, but staining became increasingly evident with invasion (P〈0.001). This reciprocal control of expression of colon-specific sulfomucins and STN evident in tumour progression indicates that the mucous phenotype shifts from the colonic to the small intestinal type.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050065
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of E-cadherin and its relation to the p53 protein status in human breast carcinomas (1997)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 431 (1997), S. 317-321 
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    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Breast carcinomas ; p53 ; TP53 gene ; E-cadherin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Genomic instability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  In breast carcinomas the TP53 gene is altered in 10–30% of cases. Alteration of the gene may lead to a general genomic instability, detected as deletions and/or amplifications at the gene level, and as altered expression at the mRNA and protein level. We have demonstrated a strong association between down-regulation of E-cadherin protein expression and alterations of the p53 protein, detected as TP53 gene mutation and/or protein accumulation in tumour samples from 210 patients with breast carcinomas (P 〈0.001). Investigation of allelic imbalance using microsatellite markers located near the E-cadherin locus was also performed. A higher frequency of loss of heterozygosity in the microsatellite marker closest to the E-cadherin locus was observed in samples with down-regulation of E-cadherin protein expression. A higher frequency of down-regulation of the E-cadherin protein expression was found in invasive lobular carcinomas than in invasive ductal carcinomas, although this difference was of borderline significant (P=0.084). Cases in the present series were also immunostained for c-erbB-2 protein overexpression. A significant association between p53 protein accumulation and cerbB-2 protein overexpression was seen (P=0.036). The results of the present study indicate that p53 protein may play a role in regulation of E-cadherin protein expression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050105
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunoreactive p53 and metallothionein expression in duct carcinoma in situ of the breast (1997)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 430 (1997), S. 373-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words p53 ; Metallothionein ; Duct carcinoma of breast ; DCIS ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Immunocytochemically detectable MT and p53 have been found more commonly in comedo DCIS of the breast with high-grade cytology. The aim of this study is to confirm these findings and to investigate the relationship between MT and p53 in a single large series of cases of DCIS of the breast. To this end, 127 cases of DCIS were classified histologically according to architecture, cytonuclear differentiation (grade), presence and extent of intraduct necrosis, and using the Van Nuys system. Sections were immunostained for p53 and MT (E9) using established techniques, and the extent and intensity of staining were assessed semi-quantitively. The results confirmed that there was generally more MT and p53 positivity in poorly differentiated (grade 3) DCIS with extensive necrosis and that MT expression was greater in grade 2 lesions than p53 expression. However, overall there was no statistically significant correlation between p53 and MT staining. The results indicate that MT and p53 overexpression may arise from independent mechanisms in early breast neoplasia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050046
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of pancreatic digestive enzymes in normal and pathologic epithelial cells of the human gastrointestinal system (1997)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 431 (1997), S. 195-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Pancreatic digestive enzymes ; Immunohistochemistry ; In situ hybridization ; RT-PCR ; Enzyme assay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Pancreatic digestive enzymes have rarely been reported in human nonpancreatic organs. We examined their expression in the epithelial cells of the nonpancreatic gastrointestinal organs, looking for pancreatic α-amylase, trypsin, chymotrypsin and pancreatic lipase. Western blotting, enzyme assay and pancreatic α-amylase mRNA were also used in selected specimens. In normal tissues, immunoreactivity of one or more of these enzymes was frequently noted in cells of the salivary glands, stomach, duodenum, large pancreatic ducts, extrahepatic bile ducts and gall bladder. The epithelium of the normal oesophagus, small intestine and colon were consistently negative for these enzymes. In pathologic tissues, immunoreactivity for one or more enzymes was present in epithelial cells of pleomorphic adenomas of the salivary glands, oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma, gastric adenoma and adenocarcinoma, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, cholecystitis, adenocarcinoma of the gall bladder and extrahepatic bile duct, and colon adenoma and adenocarcinoma. Western blotting showed a specific band of each enzyme in some specimens of normal stomach. In situ hybridization for pancreatic α-amylase mRNA showed specific signals in the normal stomach, but not in the normal colon. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis for pancreatic α-amylase mRNA revealed specific signals in the normal stomach. Enzyme assay revealed that the stomach and gall bladder showed these activities. The data suggest that pancreatic digestive enzymes are produced by several epithelial cell types of the nonpancreatic gastrointestinal organs, that the organs positive for pancreatic enzyme have a common cell lineage, and that neoplasms continue to express or neoexpress these enzymes after neoplastic transformation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050088
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical detection of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and transforming growth factor beta-1 in tracheopathia osteochondroplastica (1997)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 431 (1997), S. 359-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Tracheopathia osteochodroplastica ; Bone morphogenetic protein-2 ; Transforming growth factor beta-1 ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Tracheopathia osteochondroplastica (TO) is an unusual condition characterized by cartilaginous or bony submucosal nodules in the tracheobronchial tree. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) are potent inducers for new bone formation. We studied the precise localization of BMP-2 and TGF-β1 in two autopsied cases of TO, using immunohistochemical methods. Positive BMP-2 immunoreactivity was detected in numerous mesenchymal cells and chondroblasts lining the nodules in the tracheal submucosa. BMP-2 was not found in mature lamellar bony nodules. TGF-β1 was not seen in mesenchymal cells, though it did appear in chondrocytes and osteocytes in the nodules. These results suggest that BMP-2 plays an important role in nodule formation and acts synergistically with TGF-β1 to promote the nodules inductive cascade in the tracheal submucosa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050111
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  • 28
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    Electronic Resource
    Molecular and immunohistochemical analysis of p53 mutations in scrapings and tissue from preinvasive and invasive breast cancer (1997)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 431 (1997), S. 375-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words: Protein p53 ; Breast cancer ; Immunohistochemistry ; p53 mutation ; Temperature-gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Mutations of the p53 gene appear to be one of the most common abnormalities in human cancer. Although many studies have been published about p53 alterations in breast cancer, data on molecular biological detection of p53 mutations in in situ lesions are still rare, and the implications for breast cancerogenesis are unclear. Tissue samples from 83 patients with different stages of breast cancer and from 13 patients with benign breast lesions were screened for p53 gene mutations by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by temperature-gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE). p53 protein accumulation was analysed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Samples were gained from fresh-frozen tissue, scrapings, or paraffin embedded tissue. Additionally, 23 pairs of primary tumours and corresponding lymph nodes were examined. p53 gene aberrations were found in 55.7% of the infiltrating carcinomas, in 31.5% of the ductal carcinomas in situ (DCIS) and in one atypical ductal hyperplasia. A positive correlation was seen with high-grade tumours and with comedo. There was no statistically significant relationship with respect to age, menopausal status, tumour size, hormone receptor status or lymphatic invasion. Concordance between TGGE and IHC was seen in only 63% of the cases analysed. However, with regard to p53 mutation screening by TGGE, a high significance (P = 0.0008) was seen between standard tissue extraction and our scrape preparation technique. Among 8 pairs of primary tumours and their corresponding lymph node metastases, only 3 harbored identical p53 mutations in the same exon, while in 5 cases with mutant p53 in the primaries, no mutation was seen in the lymph node. Our data indicate that p53 mutations are frequent in breast tumours associated with unfavorable prognosis, including high-grade or the comedo histotype. There is evidence that p53 gene alterations occur early in breast cancerogenesis, as mutations were detected not only in in situ carcinomas but also in atypical ductal hyperplasia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050114
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Keratin subsets in papillary and follicular thyroid lesions (1997)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 431 (1997), S. 407-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Keratins ; Thyroid ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Previous studies indicate that keratins 7, 8 and 18 are present in all thyroid papillary and follicular lesions, but the distribution of other keratins has been incompletely characterized. The profile of individual keratin (K) polypeptides was evaluated immunohistochemically in over 200 non-neoplastic and neoplastic thyroid papillary and follicular lesions. Monoclonal antibodies to K19, K17, K16, K5/6 and K10 were applied in paraffin sections of formaldehyde-fixed tissue. K19 was present variably, often only focally in goitres, and was present only sporadically in papillary hyperplasia. However, K19 was strongly and uniformly expressed in virtually all papillary carcinomas, indicating differential diagnostic usefulness in differentiating papillary hyperplasia and papillary carcinoma. About half of the follicular carcinomas (defined as tumours strictly excluding the follicular variant of papillary carcinoma) were also strongly K19-positive, suggesting that K19 patterns are not reliable in differentiating papillary and follicular carcinoma. K17 and K5/6 were present in cysts and squamous metaplasia of goitres, and focally in papillary but only exceptionally in follicular carcinoma in areas of squamous differentiation and tumour cells in desmoplastic stroma. K16 in turn was present only focally in well-developed squamous metaplasia in goitres but was not found in differentiated thyroid carcinomas. K10, a high-molecular-weight keratin typical of epidermal differentiation, was identified neither in non-neoplastic nor in neoplastic differentiated thyroid lesions, including squamous metaplasia. These results indicate that papillary carcinomas differ from other differentiated thyroid tumours in their varying, usually focal, expression of stratified epithelial keratins that are partly but not exclusively related to squamous differentiation in such lesions. However, papillary carcinomas do not express truly epidermally restricted keratins; their previously described reactivity with polyclonal ”epidermal keratin” antibodies most probably results from the reactivity of such antibodies with K19.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050117
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    Electronic Resource
    Pulmonary nodule caused by an alveolar adenoma of the lung (1997)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 430 (1997), S. 181-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Lung adenoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Case report
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Alveolar adenomas of the lung may be a rare cause of solitary coin lesions on chest radiographs. We report a case of this neoplasm, describe its morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics and give further evidence that alveolar adenomas of the lung represent a benign proliferation of both the alveolar epithelium and the septal mesenchyme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01008040
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pattern of expression of intermediate cytokeratin filaments in the thyroid gland: an immunohistochemical study of simple and stratified epithelial-type cytokeratins (1997)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 430 (1997), S. 239-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Papillary carcinoma ; Follicular carcinoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Cytokeratin filaments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The expression of simple and stratified epithelial-type cytokeratin (CK) intermediate filaments was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in a series of 41 papillary carcinomas, 10 follicular carcinomas, 2 poorly differentiated carcinomas and 34 specimens of normal thyroid parenchyma and lymphocytic thyroiditis. The aim of the study was to establish the CK profile of normal thyroid and thyroid carcinomas in order to clarify the putative application of CK immunostaining in diagnostic surgical pathology, and to evaluate whether the process of neoplastic transformation and tumour progression in the thyroid may be associated with any particular change in CK expression. Normal thyroid strongly expressed simple epithelial-type CKs 7 and 18 and, to a lesser degree, CKs 8 and 19, but did not express stratified epithelial-type CKs. The same pattern was found in lymphocytic thyroiditis, though the CK 19 immunoreactivity was stronger in these lesions than in the normal thyroid. Papillary and follicular thyroid carcinomas shared the expression of simple epithelial-type CKs 7, 8, 18 and 19. Immunoreactivity for CK 19 was frequently stronger and more widely distributed within each particular tumour in papillary than in follicular carcinomas, but it could also be detected, at least focally, in every follicular carcinoma. Strong expression of CK 19 highlighted small foci of papillary carcinoma not easily identifiable by conventional histological examination. Stratified epithelial-type CKs 5/6 and 13 were detected in a high percentage of papillary carcinomas, in contrast to their absence in follicular carcinomas and normal thyroid. The CK pattern was similar in primary and metastatic papillary carcinomas. We conclude that papillary carcinoma of the thyroid presents a distinct CK profile that may be used for diagnostic purposes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01324808
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    Immunohistochemical analysis of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in human gastric adenoma and adenocarcinoma (1997)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 430 (1997), S. 279-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 ; Gastric cancer ; HLA antigen ; Immunohistochemistry ; Immunoelectron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In this study, we examined the distribution of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in gastric adenomas and carcinomas immunohistochemically at the light and electron microscopic levels. ICAM-1 was expressed on tumour cells in 12 of 28 gastric carcinomas and in 3 of 11 adenomas but not on most normal gastric epithelial cells. ICAM-1 was localized on luminal sites of neoplastic glands in adenomas and in intestinal-type carcinomas, and rarely on the surface of tumour cells of diffuse carcinomas. Expression of ICAM-1 on the tumour cells was more frequent in intestinal-type than diffuse carcinomas (P〈0.005). At the ultrastructural level, ICAM-1 was present prominently on the apical membrane and weakly on the lateral surface of the tumour cells of the intestinal-type carcinoma and also localized on the perinuclear membrane and the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum of cancer cells. There was no significant association between. ICAM-1 expression and HLA antigen expression or the number of infiltrating lymphocyte subsets. These results may implicate the synthesis of ICAM-1 by gastric cancer cells, but the expression is infrequent and may not be sufficient for host immune surveillance of the tumour cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01092750
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    Predominant expression of the src homology 2-containing tyrosine phosphatase protein SHP2 in vascular smooth muscle cells (1997)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 430 (1997), S. 321-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: src homology 2 ; Protein-tyrosine phosphatase ; Immunohistochemistry ; Vascular smooth muscle cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract src homology 2 (SH2)-containing protein-tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 is known to transduce positive signals from activated receptor protein-tyrosine kinases such as platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) β and insulin receptor. Here, we demonstrate the physiological expression of SHP2 in rats. In northern and western blot analyses, SHP2 expressions were recognized in all tissues, but their expression levels varied significantly among tissues; it is lowest in the liver and kidney. Immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization showed SHP2 was expressed ubiquitously but predominantly in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC). During the development of granulations, SHP2 was expressed predominantly in vascular SMC and also highly expressed in capillary cells. The functional associations of SHP2 with PDGFRβ, which transduces major growth signals in vascular SMC, identify a crucial function of SHP2 in blood vessels in consert with PDGFRβ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01092755
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    Electronic Resource
    A case of inflammatory pseudotumour of the common bile duct (1997)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 431 (1997), S. 219-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Inflammatory pseudotumour ; Bile duct ; Clonal analysis ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Inflammatory pseudotumour of the common bile duct (CBD) is extremely rare. A 58-year-old Japanese female without choledocolithiasis underwent pancreatico-duodenectomy for constriction of the middle lower region of the CBD. A submucosal tumour protruding into the CBD, was histologically inflammatory consisting of fibroblastic cells, collagen fibres and myxoid stroma with chronic inflammatory cells. This lesion was surrounded by an irregular fibrosclerosing lesion with obliterative phlebitis which involved the neighbouring pancreas and lymph nodes. Clonal analysis of the tumour by polymerase chain reaction analysis of X chromosome inactivation patterns, confirmed the polyclonal nature of the lesion. Immunohistochemically, the fibroblastic cells in both lesions had the same phenotype [vimentin (+), desmin (−), muscle-specific actin (−) and CD34 (+)] suggesting that these lesions with different histological features represent zonation of the same inflammatory process. The outer lesion extended irregularly into adjacent pancreatic tissue and lymph nodes. This fact made it difficult to differentiate this from a malignant lesion, even if frozen sections contained no atypical cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050092
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  • 35
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    Electronic Resource
    Helicobacter pylori antigen in the glomeruli of patients with membranous nephropathy (1997)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 431 (1997), S. 235-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Membranous nephropathy ; Helicobacter pylori ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Renal biopsy specimens from patients with membranous nephropathy (MN) were studied using immunohistochemical labelling to clarify the aetiological significance of Helicobacter pylori antigen in this disease. Sixteen specimens were examined, from 7 male and 9 female MN patients. Renal specimens from patients with diabetic nephropathy and IgA nephropathy, and from autopsied patients without renal diseases were obtained as controls. Immunohistochemical labelling was performed using one polyclonal antibody and three monoclonal antibodies against H. pylori. Specimens from 11 of the MN patients revealed granular deposits along the glomerular capillary walls, which reacted positively with polyclonal antibody after trypsin pretreatment. None of the control specimens revealed positive labelling. The MN specimens showed no positive reaction with the primary antibody, which had been treated for immunoabsorption testing using sonicated H. pylori.We also determined H. pylori status in these MN patients histologically and/or serologically. Of the 11 patients whose glomeruli were positive for anti-H. pylori antibody, 7 were suitable for analysis, and all were regarded as positive for H. pylori infection. These results suggest that the presence of a specific antigen in the glomeruli of patients with MN and H. pylori infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of MN.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050094
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  • 36
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    Expression of transforming growth factor-β receptor type I and type II in rat ventral prostate and Dunning R3327 PAP adenocarcinoma in response to castration and oestrogen treatment (1997)
    Springer
    Urological research 25 (1997), S. 103-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: TGF-β receptors ; Prostate cancer ; Competitive polymerase chain reaction ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In the normal prostate, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) inhibits epithelial cell growth and is associated with apoptosis. The role of TGF-β1 in prostate cancer remains, however, unclear. In this work, the expression of TGF-β receptor type I and II (TGFβ-RI and TGFβ-RII) in the Dunning R3327 PAP adenocarcinoma was studied, after castration and oestrogen treatment. Since castration induces apoptosis in the rat ventral prostate (VP) [21], but not in the Dunning R3327 PAP tumour [46], the TGF-β receptor levels in the tumour were compared to the receptor levels in the VP. Methods used were competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. In the VP, TGFβ-RI and TGFβ-RII expressions were increased after castration, indicating a negative regulation of TGFβ receptors by androgens. In the Dunning tumour, TGFβ-RI and TGFβ-RII levels were elevated and only TGFβ-RI showed a clear-cut increase after castration. The receptors were located in epithelial and smooth muscle cells in the VP and mainly in epithelial cells in the Dunning tumour. In conclusion, the elevated TGFβ receptor levels and the diminished androgen regulation of TGFβ-RII in the tumour distinguish the Dunning R3327 PAP tumour from the normal prostate and need to be further elucidated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01037924
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  • 37
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    Electronic Resource
    Expression of CD44V2 in transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder and in urine (1997)
    Springer
    Urological research 25 (1997), S. 187-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Bladder cancer ; Urothelium ; CD44V2 ; Alternative splicing ; Immunohistochemistry ; Diagnostic marker
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract CD44 is the principal cell surface receptor for hyaluronate. Variant forms of the receptor, produced by alternative splicing, have been found to be associated with tumor progression in a variety of cancers. Based on investigations at the RNA level, it has recently been proposed that expression of CD44 variant V2 was present in urothelial cancer but not in normal urothelium. Since a distinctive marker for urothelial cancer would be extremely useful, frozen sections of normal urothelium and urothelial cancer were examined for expression of standard CD44 and CD44V2. Frozen sections of specimens of 35 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, 16 specimens of normal bladder and 5 ureters were examined. Immunohistochemical staining was performed using a polyclonal antibody to CD44V2 (PAB CD44V2), a monoclonal antibody to CD44V2 (MAB CD44V2) and a monoclonal antibody to CD44S (MAB CD44S). CD44V2 and CD44S were also measured in lysates of urine sediments from 21 patients by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA). All investigated transitional cell carcinomas expressed CD44V2. There was no differentiation between invasive and noninvasive carcinoma. CD44V2 was also expressed in normal urothelium. Standard CD44 was expressed by the transitional cell carcinoma, normal urothelium, musculature and interstitial tissue. The amount of CD44V2 and CD44S in lysates of urine sediments is not correlated to diagnosis. In contrast to investigations at the RNA level, CD44V2 on the protein level seems not to be a distinctive marker for urothelial cancer. Therefore, CD44V2 will not be a useful diagnostic marker for detection of transitional cell carcinoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00941981
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  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical determination of p53 overexpression (1997)
    Springer
    Urological research 25 (1997), S. S31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Bladder tumour ; Carcinogenesis ; p53 tumour-suppressor ; gene Disease progression ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Overexpression of p53, as determined by immunohistochemical staining with the murine monoclonal antibody DO7, was determined in specimens of 46 primary superficial transitional cell bladder tumours (14 TaG2, 10 T1G2, 22 T1G3). A colon cancer specimen served as a positive control and normal mesenchymal cells in the specimens served as an internal negative control. An exceptionally high proportion 36/46 (78%) of the specimens were found to stain positively for p53 in over 20% of the cell nuclei. After a median follow-up of 7 years, ten patients developed progressive disease. Of these ten patients nine demonstrated p53 positivity, resulting in a sensitivity of 90%. However, 27 of the overall 36 patients (75%) with p53-positive tumours did not progress to a higher stage or metastatic disease. These findings suggest that p53 overexpression is not of predictive prognostic value in superficial transitional cell carcinoma. With 7 of 14 specimens (50%) of Ta tumours overexpressing p53, the results were suggestive of p53 mutation being an early event in carcinogenesis. When the threshold was set at 50% of the cell nuclei overexpressing p53, 16/46 (35%) classified as p53 positive. Of the 16 tumours staining positively for p53, 7 (46%) progressed and 9 (56%) did not. None of the Ta and 16 (50%) of the T1 tumours classified as positive. This more stringent definition of positivity still does not identify p53 positivity as a single prognostic factor. With 50% of T1 tumours classifying as positive, we still find that p53 mutation may be an early event in carcinogenesis of bladder cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00942045
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  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tumor necrosis factor-α, microglia and astrocytes in AIDS dementia complex (1997)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 93 (1997), S. 508-517 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Cytokine ; HIV-associated cognitive/motor complex ; Prospective study ; Immunohistochemistry ; Macrophages
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The pathogenesis of HIV-associated cognitive changes is poorly understood. Cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) have been postulated to contribute to the mechanism of the neurological complications of HIV infection. One of the effects of TNF-α is to induce astrocyte proliferation in vitro. The purpose of this study was to look for a correlation between the expression of TNF-α, astrogliosis and the degree of cognitive impairment in 12 prospectively assessed AIDS cases without focal brain lesion, 8 of whom were demented. They were compared with 6 control patients without neurological disease. Neuropathological examination showed myelin pallor in 5 of the 8 demented patients. TNF-α expression was detected by immunohistochemistry in the midfrontal cortex, subcortical and deep white matter, and basal ganglia. Not only perivascular macrophages but also some microglial and endothelial cells were labeled. Most TNF-α-positive cells were in close contact with glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive astrocytes. They were more numerous than gp41-positive cells. Their density increased with increasing cognitive impairment and in parallel to the astrogliosis in the frontal cortex, basal ganglia and deep white matter. These findings further support the hypotheses that lesions of the deep white matter, driven by TNF-α, are associated with cognitive alteration, and that indirect effects of HIV infection in the brain participate in the development of HIV-associated dementia through a diffuse immune activation, mediated by cytokines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050646
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  • 40
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    Electronic Resource
    Morphological characterization of the evolving rat spinal cord injury after photochemically induced ischemia (1997)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 94 (1997), S. 232-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Spinal cord ischemia ; Glial fibrillary ; acidic protein ; Neurofilament ; Albumin ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have characterized the evolving morphological changes in the adult rat spinal cord following photochemically induced spinal cord ischemia. In cresyl violet-stained sections, disintegration of the tissue at the epicenter was evident at 6 h. This was preceded at 1 h post ischemia by an albumin immunoreactivity. The albumin immunoreactivity was increased at 6 and even more so at 24 h post ischemia. At 72 h post ischemia the albumin immunoreactivity was decreased. The size of the lesion was established by 3 days after the onset of ischemia. During the 1st week post ischemia, neurofilament (NF) immunohistochemistry showed swollen axons adjacent to the injured tissue. From 2 weeks post ischemia an increasing number of regrowing NF-immunoreactive axons could be seen in the center of the necrotic cavity. At 3 weeks after ischemia, a developing gliosis was observed around and rostral to the lesion cavity, as evidenced by increased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity. The gliosis became more pronounced until 6 weeks post ischemia, at which time enlarged GFAP-immunoreactive cells could be seen in the remaining viable tissue bordering the necrotic areas. In this study we show that several traits in the development of a spinal cord lesion after photochemically induced ischemia are similar to those described previously after traumatic spinal cord lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050698
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  • 41
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    Electronic Resource
    Accumulation of wild-type p53 in astrocytomas is associated with increased p21 expression (1997)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 94 (1997), S. 21-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words p21 ; p53 ; Astrocytoma ; Single-strand ; conformation polymorphism ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Approximately one quarter of human astrocytomas show immunohistochemical positivity for p53 protein but lack p53 gene mutations, which could reflect either an accumulation of wild-type p53 protein or an inadequate sensitivity of mutation detection. Since wild-type p53 up-regulates p21 expression, increased p21 expression in those astrocytomas with p53 accumulation in the absence of mutations would argue that the protein was wild type in these tumors. We therefore compared p21 expression with p53 gene and protein status in 48 primary human astrocytomas. Single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis and direct sequencing of the p53 gene showed mutations in 11 tumors (22.9%), while immunohistochemistry revealed positive staining in 19 cases (39.6%). Those tumors with p53 immunopositivity in the absence of p53 mutation had significantly increased p21 expression when compared to either mutant p53 or p53-immunonegative cases. Neither p53 nor p21 status correlated with proliferation indices, as assessed by Ki-67 immunohistochemistry. These results support the hypotheses that functionally wild-type p53 accumulates in some astrocytomas, and that alternative cell cycle checkpoints (such as the p16 pathway) may be more important than p21 in regulating proliferation in astrocytomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050667
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  • 42
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exertional rhabdomyolysis and exercise intolerance revealing dystrophinopathies (1997)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 94 (1997), S. 48-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Dystrophin ; Exercise intolerance ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Exercise intolerance associated with myalgias, muscle cramps or myoglobinuria may be associated with a dystrophinopathy. A search for abnormal dystrophin expression (using immunohistochemistry, immunoblot and DNA analysis) was carried out in a series of 15 patients. They were selected because they presented exercise intolerance, negative biochemical tests (lipid, glycogen and mitochondrial metabolism) and abnormal immunohistochemistry with at least one anti-dystrophin antibody (anti-Dys 1, rod domain; anti-Dys 2, C terminus; anti-Dys 3, N terminus). Lack of anti-Dys 1 immunoreactivity was seen in three patients and abnormal immunoreactivity with all three anti-dystrophin antibodies in two. Immunoblot confirmed the dystrophinopathy in these five patients only, and multiplex polymerase chain reaction DNA analysis revealed a deletion in the dystrophin gene in two of these patients, affecting the proximal part of the rod domain in one and the distal part of this domain in the other. The clinical, biological and histopathological features of the five patients reported here, together with the previous cases reported in the literature, are described and reveal that exercise intolerance associated with dystrophinopathy displays characteristic clinical, biological and immunohistochemical features and defines a new dystrophinopathy phenotype. The absence of staining in the rod domain provides a secure diagnosis of this syndrome. Dystrophinopathy is one etiology of idiopathic myoglobinuria, requiring genetic counseling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050671
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  • 43
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metallothionein overexpression in human brain tumours (1997)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 94 (1997), S. 599-604 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Metallothioneins ; Gliomas ; Meningiomas ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Metallothioneins (MTs) are metal binding proteins overexpressed in various human neoplasms which are associated with resistance to cytotoxic drugs. A series of 156 archival human brain tumours were investigated immunohistochemically for expression of MTs; these included 10 low-grade gliomas, 44 high-grade gliomas, 98 meningeal tumours (19 classical, 30 atypical, 38 anaplastic meningiomas, and 11 haemangiopericytomas or papillary meningiomas), and 4 other tumours. Low-grade gliomas showed heterogeneous MT expression; 32 high-grade gliomas (72.7%) showed MT expression of more than 25% of tumour cells without statistically significant differences between first operations and recurrent tumours. In 2 glioblastomas, the presence of MT was confirmed by Western blotting. The extent of MT immunoexpression showed a statistically significant inverse relationship to the degree of p53 immunoreactivity. In meningiomas, a tendency to a higher percentage of MT-expressing cells was observed from classical over atypical to anaplastic meningiomas, but these differences were not statistically significant. In conclusion, MT expression is present in a significant portion of, especially malignant, brain tumours and might be involved in their poor response to antineoplastic drugs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050755
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  • 44
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    Electronic Resource
    Abnormal development of serotonin nerve fibers in the visual cortex in rats with methylazoxymethanol-induced microcephaly (1997)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 95 (1997), S. 5-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Microcephaly ; Methylazoxymethanol ; acetate ; Serotonin fibers ; Immunohistochemistry ; Plasticity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The postnatal development of serotonin (5HT)-immunoreactive axons was studied in the visual cortex of the cerebrum in both normal and microcephalic rats during early postnatal and young adult stages. Severe microcephaly in rat offspring was induced by prenatal exposure to methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM), an anti-mitotic agent, on day 15 of gestation. From postnatal day 1 (PND 1) to PND 5, fine and short 5HT fibers were irregularly dispersed throughout the occipital cortex in both the control and MAM-treated rats (MAM-rats). A conspicuous aggregation of dot-like 5HT terminals was found in controls, but not in MAM-rats, in a shallow layer of the dorsomedial region of the occipital cortical plate. On PND 7, such an aggregation of 5HT terminals was found in both groups. The density of the aggregation increased up to PND 9, but then decreased gradually, finally becoming unrecognizable at around PND 15 in both groups. MAM-rats, however, always showed hyperaggregation of 5HT terminals when compared with controls on the same PND. The density of 5HT fibers gradually increased, and finally made up a network-like formation at PND 28 in both groups, its pattern was essentially identical to the abnormal distribution of 5HT fibers during the later stage. As a result, the network-like formation of 5HT fibers in the MAM-rats at PND 28 was markedly twisted and somewhat hyperdense. In Nissl-stained preparations from PND 9 to 15, the 5HT terminal aggregation in the control rats was precisely confined to the newly forming layer IV of the visual cortex. In the MAM-rats, on the other hand, the aggregation of 5HT terminals was not associated with a specific cortical layer because of a disarranged cytoarchitecture of the microcephaly.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050760
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  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pick’s disease: selective occurrence of apolipoprotein E-immunoreactive Pick bodies in the limbic system (1997)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 95 (1997), S. 1-4 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Apolipoprotein E ; Pick’s disease ; Pick body ; Limbic system ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We carried out immunohistochemical examination of apolipoprotein E (apoE) in brains from two patients with Pick’s disease. In these cases 1 and 2, the APOE genotypes were ɛ3/4 and ɛ3/3, respectively. In both cases, numerous argyrophilic globular intraneuronal inclusions, Pick bodies (PBs), were distributed widely throughout the brain, and immunohistochemically were occasionally positive for apoE. Interestingly, such apoE-immunoreactive PBs were virtually restricted to neurons in the limbic system; in the dentate gyrus, the proportion of apoE-immunoreactive PBs relative to the total number of argyrophilic PBs was 5.0% in case 1 and 2.7% in case 2, whereas in the frontal and temporal neocortices it was less than 0.1% in both cases. Diffuse cytoplasmic immunoreactivity for apoE was found in only a few limbic system neurons without PBs in both cases. In conclusion, it is considered that apoE may not be positively involved in the process of PB formation and that the preferential distribution of apoE-immunoreactive PBs in the limbic system may reflect the presence of certain regional factors associated with the synthesis or metabolism of apoE in this particular system.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050759
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  • 46
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    Electronic Resource
    The oncoproteins c-erb-B2, c-fos and the tumour suppressor protein p53 in human embryos and fetuses (1997)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 195 (1997), S. 345-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words C-erb-B2 ; C-fos ; p53 ; Immunohistochemistry ; Human embryos and fetuses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Oncoproteins and tumour-suppressor proteins are thought to possess an antagonistic function in the regulation of growth and differentiation processes during embryonic and fetal development. In contrast, in the adult, tumour growth is associated with the overexpression of oncoproteins or the malfunction of tumour-suppressor proteins. We examined the occurrence of the tumour proteins c-erb-B2 and c-fos and the tumour-suppressor protein p53 in 17 human embryos and fetuses with the help of immunohistochemistry. C-erb-B2 was detected mainly in embryonic tissue that are not known for c-erb-B2-overexpression in tumours in the adult. In contrast, c-fos was almost always located in fetal tissues corresponding to its location in adult tumours. Staining for p53 was found in a wide variety of embryonic and fetal tissues. C-erb-B2 and p53 were localized in the same tissue structures of the developing skin, heart and muscle. In other tissues, e.g. muscle and bone, c-fos was found together with p53, suggesting an antagonistic action of these proliferative and antiproliferative factors. Furthermore, c-erb-B2, c-fos and p53 appear to be important for growth and differentiation processes in human development as the occurrence of these proteins was not only restricted to specific tissues but also to specific stages of development of these tissues.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004290050054
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  • 47
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    Electronic Resource
    Neurotrophin receptors expression in the developing mouse retina: an immunohistochemical study (1997)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 195 (1997), S. 337-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Neurotrophin receptors ; Mouse retina ; Immunohistochemistry ; Retinal degeneration ; Homozygous rd/rd mice (C57BL/6J)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Neurotrophins and their receptors (p75 and Trk family of receptors) play an important role in the survival of different populations of neurons in the central and peripheral nervous system. Expression of p75, TrkA, TrkB and TrkC was examined in mouse retinas by means immunohistochemistry in the postnatal development of normal and rd/rd mice (C57BL/6J). The rd/rd mice suffer a degeneration that causes a massive lost of photoreceptor cells. Results showed immunoreactivity to all three Trk proteins in both normal and rd/rd mice during the first 21 postnatal days, but some variations in intensity and localization were found. p75 immunoreaction was only present in rd/rd mice at the end of the degeneration process. These results could indicate a role of neurotrophins and their receptors in both the postnatal development of mouse retina and the degeneration process of rd/rd mice.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004290050053
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  • 48
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    Expression of p53 and hsp70 in relation to apoptosis during Meckel’s cartilage development in the mouse (1997)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 196 (1997), S. 107-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Chondrocytes ; Apoptosis ; Degeneration ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The process of Meckel’s cartilage development was examined with regard to expression of p53, a tumor suppressor gene product and hsp70, a stress protein (heat-shock protein), in association with the occurrence of programmed cell death (apoptosis). Balb C mice embryos from embryonic days E13, E14, E15, E16, E17, E18 and 1- and 3-day-old pups were used. P53-positive cells were detected first at E15, and were found in the perichondrium of the distal part of Meckel’s cartilage. During the degeneration process chondrocytes also became p53-positive. In contrast to p53, the expression of hsp70 was high and widespread in the early stages of development (E13–E15); however, it decreased with age, except for Meckel’s cartilage, where hsp70 was found in the cytoplasm or nuclei of the hypertrophic cells. Apoptosis was first detected at E14–E15 in the perichondrium of the distal parts of Meckel’s cartilage. The number of apoptotic bodies increased with age and the ongoing resorption of Meckel’s cartilage. From the present study it can be concluded that expression of p53 and hsp70 varied during the development of Meckel’s cartilage and that both proteins showed nuclear location in hypertrophic cells. No direct spatial or temporal correlation was observed between the expression of p53 and hsp70 and the occurrence of apoptotic bodies.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004290050083
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  • 49
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    The developmental skeletal growth in the rat foot is reduced after denervation (1997)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 195 (1997), S. 531-538 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Metatarsal bone ; Radiographs ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ossification ; Cartilage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  It has long been known that bone is innervated. In recent years it has been suggested that the local nerves may influence the growth and metabolism of bone by way of neuropeptides. The transient local presence of nerve-containing cartilage canals just before formation of secondary ossification centres in rat knee epiphyses seems to support that view. The purpose of the present study was to see if denervation affects the developmental growth of metatarsal bones in the rat hindfoot. We made sciatic and femoral neurectomies in 7- day-old rat pups and examined the hindfeet at various times after surgery. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that denervation was complete. Radiographic examination revealed that the metatarsal bones were significantly shorter in denervated hindfeet 30 days after denervation (average relative shortening 9.9±2.3%). Measurements of total foot length showed that denervated feet were subnormally sized already five days postoperatively, before the onset of secondary ossification. The timing of the latter was not affected by denervation. Control rats subjected to tenotomies exhibited normal metatarsal bone lengths. On the basis of these results we suggest that the local nerves may influence the growth of immature bones but do not affect secondary ossification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004290050073
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  • 50
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    Immunolocalization and heart levels of GRP94 in the mouse during post-implantation development (1997)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 196 (1997), S. 335-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Stress protein ; Western blotting ; Mouse embryo ; Cardiovascular system ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Glucose-regulated proteins (GRPs), which belong to the highly conserved family of stress proteins, are resident to the endoplasmic reticulum and function as molecular chaperones. Heat shock proteins have been shown to be developmentally regulated, but little work has been done to investigate the expression of GRPs during embryogenesis. Therefore, this study examined the distribution of GRP94 within mouse embryos during the period of organogenesis and characterized levels of GRP94 within the developing heart during organogenesis and late fetal stages. Our results demonstrate that the GRP94 protein is constitutively expressed within mouse embryos during early stages of organogenesis and is localized particularly within the developing heart, neuroepithelium, and surface ectoderm tissues. Positive staining for GRP94 remains within developing heart tissues throughout organogenesis and is found primarily within the atrial and ventricular myocardial cells. Western blot analysis of GRP94 expression demonstrates a significantly higher level of GRP94 in embryonic hearts during early stages of organogenesis than in later stages of organogenesis or the fetal period. These results demonstrate that the stress protein GRP94 is constitutively expressed within specific tissues during post-implantation mouse development and suggest that GRPs may play an important role in the process of myocardial cell differentiation and heart development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004290050102
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    Chronological and immunohistochemical observations of cerebellar dysplasia and vermis defect in the hereditary cerebellar vermis defect (CVD) rat (1997)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 94 (1997), S. 549-556 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Bergmann glia ; Cerebellar dysplasia ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mutant rat ; Walker’s lissencephaly
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Hereditary cerebellar vermis defect (CVD) rats, a new neurological mutant, developed both cerebellar vermis defect and cerebellar dysplasia. Developmental alterations in the cerebellum of the CVD rats were studied chronologically and immunohistochemically. The earliest architectural abnormality was a maldevelopment of the inferior cerebellar peduncle from embryonic day 17 (E17), leading to an indistinct separation between the cerebellum and the pons. From E19, the CVD rats lacked vermis development and, therefore, the cerebellar hemispheres were fused. After birth, Purkinje cells and external granule cells (EGCs) penetrated into the pontine tissue, but retained their normal position until postnatal day 10. Cerebellar lamination began to be disturbed due to abnormal perivascular aggregations of the EGCs, resulting in convoluted and occasionally perivascular lamination. There were no Bergmann glia in the heterotopic cerebellum of the pons, and abnormally arranged Bergmann glia were observed in the mildly disorganized cerebellar hemispheres. Immunohistochemistry for calbindin revealed that abnormal orientation of the Purkinje cells might be related to the perivascular EGCs. Parvalbumin-immunopositive microneurons were seen only in the disarranged molecular layers, and synaptophysin-immunopositive cerebellar glomeruli were present in the afflicted internal granular layers. These findings suggest that perivascular EGCs may play an important role in cerebellar dysplasia and the developmental plasticity in the altered cerebellogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050749
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    Strong expression of heat shock proteins in growth plate cartilage, an immunohistochemical study of HSP28, HSP70 and HSP110 (1997)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 195 (1997), S. 359-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Apoptosis ; Stress protein ; Chondrocytes ; Immunohistochemistry ; TUNEL
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are known to be increased in response to stresses. Our immunohistochemical investigations revealed the strong expression of a wide range of HSPs in the chondrocytes of the tibial growth plate cartilage from young rats. HSP28 and HSP70 are expressed in the upper part of the hypertrophic zone of the growth plate cartilage. HSP110 are found from the proliferating zone to the hypertrophic zone. On the other hand, application of the TUNEL method has already shown apoptotic DNA fragmentation in the lower part of the proliferating zone. From then one, HSP expression in the chondrocytes may be correlated with apoptosis, but its possible relation with the different events occurring during the calcification process cannot be excluded.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004290050056
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    Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 expression by folliculo-tubular structures of normal and neoplastic pituitary (1997)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 93 (1997), S. 471-476 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words CA19-9 ; Pituitary adenoma ; Rathke’s cleft ; cyst ; Transitional cell tumor ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We demonstrated immunohistochemically that follicular lining cells of anterior pituitary display carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) at their luminal surfaces. CA19-9 was also demonstrated in the tubular structures of the intermediate lobe. Until now this antigen of exocrine ducts, such as pancreatic and salivary ducts, has not been demonstrated in endocrine tissue. Some CA19-9-positive follicular cells also showed endocrine markers such as chromogranin, synaptophysin and pituitary hormones. In pituitary adenomas, frequently-seen follicular structures showed immunohistochemical features similar to non-neoplastic follicles. Expression of CA19-9 in the adenohypophysis may be related to its origin from an anlage, the stomodeum shared with the parotid gland. The lining cells and mucin of Rathke’s cleft cysts also revealed CA19-9. Accordingly, these cysts could have arisen from follicular cells with an exocrine ductal phenotype. The transitional cell tumor of Kepes also showed CA19-9 at the luminal surfaces of cells and in the mucin of large cysts. Given that smaller mucin-laden cysts appeared fairly frequently in adenomas, the transitional cell tumor may be a kind of pituitary adenoma with follicles in which many cells produce excessive mucin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050641
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    Tuberin immunohistochemistry in brain, kidneys and heart with or without tuberous sclerosis (1997)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 94 (1997), S. 525-531 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Hamartoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Tumor suppressor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have studied immunohistochemically the expression of tuberin, the protein product of the TSC2 gene, in cerebral, renal and cardiac tissues obtained from patients with tuberous sclerosis and from control patients. Tuberin immunoreactivity was moderate to strong in neurons and reactive astrocytes of control brains, but was reduced in brains with tuberous sclerosis. Staining intensity of abnormal giant cells varied from negative to moderate in cortical tubers, subependymal nodules and subependymal giant cell astrocytomas. In control kidneys, uriniferous and collecting tubules showed positive immunoreactivity, whereas a focal decrease in their staining intensity was noted in kidneys with tuberous sclerosis. Renal angiomyolipomas were negative for tuberin. In the heart, cardiac muscles in both control and tuberous sclerosis patients were strongly immunoreactive. Cardiac rhabdomyomas in the latter were stained less intensely. These results provide histological evidence for the loss of tuberin in tuberous sclerosis tissues, which is associated with the development of hamartomas in an organ-specific manner.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050746
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    Spatial and temporal development of the gliovascular tissue in type II lissencephaly (1997)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 93 (1997), S. 173-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Type II lissencephaly ; Extracellular matrix ; Basement membrane ; Immunohistochemistry ; Pathogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Type II lissencephaly is a complex cortical malformation in which mesenchymal and central nervous components are intermingled. It is generally believed that the histological pattern is created by migration of heterotopic neuroblasts into the leptomeninges through defects in the superficial basement membrane. Defects of the extracellular matrix have been suggested to be the primary cause of type II lissencephaly. To elucidate the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms, we immunostained extracellular matrix and basement membrane components of the cerebral cortex from six fetal and two infantile brains. We found that the pattern of collagen subtypes I, III and VI was not altered in type II lissencephaly brains when compared to normal controls. As to the pathogenesis of type II lissencephaly, a polymicrogyria-like pattern is created, which results in considerable cortical enlargement. The microgyri do not fuse but remain separated from each other by gliovascular tissue, i.e., leptomeninges which contain astrocytes. At the interface between the enlarged brain surface and the gliovascular tissue, neuronal migration takes place through gaps in the external basement membrane. Thus, the cortical dysplasia encountered in type II lissencephaly is only due to a limited amount to neuronal heterotopia in the leptomeninges.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050599
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    Increased glutamine synthetase immunoreactivity in experimental pneumococcal meningitis (1997)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 93 (1997), S. 215-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Glutamine synthetase ; Immunohistochemistry ; Meningitis ; Streptococcus pneumoniae ; Apoptosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Glutamine synthetase (GS), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunohistochemistry and neuronal apoptotic cell death were evaluated in a rabbit model of pneumococcal meningitis. Meningitis caused an increase of GS immunoreactivity in the cerebral cortex, but not in the hippocampal formation. GFAP immunoreactivity remained unchanged. This may represent a protective mechanism for cortical neurons. The inability of hippocampal GS to counteract the detrimental effects of glutamate may be the cause of neuronal apoptosis observed in the dentate gyrus during meningitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050606
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    The angiopathy of subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy (Binswanger’s disease): immunohistochemical studies using markers for components of extracelluar matrix, smooth muscle actin and endothelial cells (1997)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 93 (1997), S. 219-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Arteriolosclerosis ; Binswanger’s ; encephalopathy ; Dementia ; Extracellular matrix ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A pronounced obliterative microangiopathy of the deep cerebral white matter is one of the cardinal features in classical cases of Binswanger’s encephalopathy. We have characterised the alterations taking place in the intima, media and adventitia of obliterated arterial vessels in seven autopsy cases of this encephalopathy. The adventitia of fibrosed vessels showed immunoreactive material indicating a marked deposition of normally occurring collagen types, i.e. I, III and V. Similar deposits occurred in degenerated parts of the media. Two of the cases had, in addition, signs of collagen type VI-immunoreactive material in the adventitia and media. The elastica of arteries was often split and formed multiple layers. The inner part of the blood vessel walls contained immunoreactivity to collagen type IV and laminin, indicating increased amounts of basal lamina components. Using actin immunostaining the fibrosed arterial vessels showed a severe reduction of smooth muscle cells of the media. However, many terminal arterioles presented a marked actin immunostaining, possibly indicating hypertrophy of smooth muscle cells. The endothelial cell layer did not show any changes with regard to expression of glucose transporter 1, factor VIII, Ulex europaeus agglutinin I and CD34. Degeneration of the media associated with depositions of collagens type I, III, IV, V and possibly type VI, as well as other components of extracellular matrix, will jeopardise the regulatory functions of the afflicted vessels. The maintenance of the endothelial lining of the obliterated vessels probably counteracts thrombosis in the vessels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050607
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    Expression of neurofibromatosis 2 protein in human brain tumors: an immunohistochemical study (1997)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 93 (1997), S. 225-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Neurofibromatosis 2 ; Merlin ; Brain ; tumors ; Immunofluorescence ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2) gene-encoded protein, named merlin, may function as a molecular linkage connecting cytoskeleton and plasma membrane. Merlin is thought to play a crucial role as a tumor suppressor not only in hereditary NF2-related tumors, but also in sporadic tumors such as schwannomas, meningiomas and gliomas. Using a merlin-expression vector system, we raised specific antiserum against merlin. We observed the intracellular distribution of merlin in cultured glioma cells, and further investigated merlin expression in 116 human brain tumors. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that merlin was localized beneath the cell membrane and concentrated at cell-to-cell adhesion sites, where actin filaments are densely associated with plasma membrane. By immunohistochemistry, none of the schwannomas from either NF2 patients or sporadic cases showed any immunoreactivity, while normal Schwann cells of cranial nerves were immunopositive. In meningiomas, merlin expression was frequently seen in the meningothelial subtype (8/10, 80%), but no expression could be detected in either the fibrous or the transitional variant. Most normal astrocytes were negative; however, reactive astrocytes often expressed merlin. Glioblastomas and anaplastic astrocytomas were found to be strongly positive, and focal positive staining was observed in fibrillary and pilocytic astrocytomas. Thus, the loss of merlin appears to be integral to schwannoma formation and the differential pathogenesis of meningioma subtypes. However, merlin alterations do not appear to play a critical role in either the tumorigenesis or malignant transformation of neoplastic astrocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050608
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    An unusual meningioma variant with glial fibrillary acidic protein expression (1997)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 94 (1997), S. 499-503 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Meningioma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Glial fibrillary acidic protein ; Ultrastructure ; Intercellular lumina
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We studied a recurrent meningioma located in the right frontal lobe. The tumor showed high cellularity and the cells had plump, hyalinous cytoplasm. Immunohistochemically, almost all the tumor cells were positive for epithelial membrane antigen and vimentin, and unexpectedly, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Ultrastructural investigation revealed abundant 8- to 10-nm filaments in the cytoplasm. Conspicuous interdigitations with numerous desmosomes were present. Frequently, intracellular and intercellular lumina lined by microvilli were also found. We considered the present case to be an unusual variant of meningioma with GFAP expression. A few cases of meningioma with triple expression of GFAP, vimentin and cytokeratin have been reported previously. However, the present case showed obvious pathological differences from these, and had no immunoreactivity for cytokeratin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050739
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    Quantitative examination of calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactive nerve fibres in the cat knee joint capsule (1997)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 195 (1997), S. 525-530 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Neuropeptides ; Immunohistochemistry ; Afferent nerve fibres ; Joint innervation ; Inflammation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The knee joint of the cat has been used extensively to study the morphology and function of primary afferents in a deep somatic tissue. A proportion of these neurones synthesizes various neuropeptides, with calcitonin gene-related peptide being the most prominent. In the present study we examined the distribution and density of nerve fibres immunoreactive for calcitonin gene-related peptide within the medial articular capsule. The fibres were predominantly located in the superficial layer of the capsule. They formed a dense innervation pattern, mainly accompanying blood vessels. Electron microscopy showed that most fibres were in close proximity to small arteries. The highest innervation density was found in parts of the capsule that were located over the epicondyle of the femur with 21±12 fibres per mm2 (mean±SD). In the tissue over the joint cleft this density was lower, with 11±6 fibres per mm2. In conclusion, the high innervation density of the knee joint capsule by nerve fibres containing calcitonin gene-related peptide supports the hypothesis of an important regulatory function of this peptide in normal tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004290050072
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    Up-regulation of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 in cerebral microvessels after cortical contusion trauma in a rat model (1997)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 94 (1997), S. 16-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat ; Brain ; Trauma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A study was made on the expression of the intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) in cerebral microvessels after cortical contusion trauma of the rat brain. The trauma was produced by a free-falling weight on the exposed dura of one fronto-parietal lobe. Immunohistochemistry was done on cryostat sections using a monoclonal antibody and the reaction product was visualized using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method. Control and sham-operated rats showed immunostaining of some penetrating arteries of the cerebral cortex, the epithelial cells of the choroid plexus and occasional microvessels of the brain parenchyma. The same pattern of immunostaining was seen in rats that were subjected to trauma and killed after 30 min. All rats with contusion trauma that were allowed to survive for 6–72 h showed a substantial increase in the number of immunostained capillaries throughout the site of the lesion. The ipsilateral hippocampus showed a mild to moderate increase in the number of immunostained microvascular profiles. This phenomenon was also present in the lateral thalamus of some rats. The staining was seen as an uninterrupted line at the position of the endothelial cells, indicating an up-regulation of this adhesion molecule after brain trauma. Up-regulation of ICAM-1 is a well-known phenomenon in inflammatory and ischemic lesions of the brain but has not previously been described in detail in traumatic brain injury. ICAM-1 may be involved in the production of several post-traumatic events such as leukocyte adhesion, microcirculatory disturbances and edema formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050666
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    The long incubation period in rabies: delayed progression of infection in muscle at the site of exposure (1997)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 94 (1997), S. 73-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Rabies ; Long incubation periods ; Skunk ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) is a host of rabies in large areas of Canada and the United States. In each of two experiments, equal numbers of skunks in two groups were inoculated intramuscularly with low doses of a field strain of rabies virus (street rabies virus). In each experiment, skunks in one group surviving to 2 months were killed at this time and selected tissues were used for examination by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method or by immunohistochemistry for rabies antigen. Results of detailed examinations using PCR technology (experiment 1) indicated that muscle at the inoculation site contained viral RNA at 2 months postinoculation, when other relevant tissues on the route of viral migration and early entrance into the central nervous system were negative. The cellular location of virus/antigen, as determined immunohistochemically in experiment 2, was striated muscle fibers and fibrocytes. Our results indicate a major role of muscle (tissue) infection at the inoculation site in the long incubation period of rabies in skunks. These and related findings will be useful in rabies control and, if applicable to other species, will be relevant in postexposure treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050674
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    Blood-brain barrier dysfunction in Binswanger’s disease; an immunohistochemical study (1997)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 95 (1997), S. 78-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Blood-brain barrier ; Binswanger’s disease ; Immunohistochemistry ; White matter lesions ; Lacunar infarcts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Binswanger’s disease is pathologically characterized by a combination of diffuse cerebrovascular white matter lesions and lacunar infarcts in the basal ganglia and white matter. Although a blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of these white matter (WM) lesions, few authors have addressed this problem. In the present study, we describe BBB dysfunction and its regional differences in the brains of Binswanger’s disease patients. Twelve brains from Binswanger’s disease patients (group III) were examined and compared with those from five patients with non-neurological disease (group I) and five cortical infarct patients without significant WM lesions (group II). Immunohistochemistry was performed for glial fibrillary acidic protein and vimentin as astroglial cell markers, and for immunoglobulins, complements and fibrinogen as extravasated serum protein markers. The grading scores for IgG extravasation were significantly higher in group III as compared to group I, in both the periventricular WM and the subcortical WM (P 〈 0.01). In group III, the scores in the periventricular WM and subcortical WM were significantly higher than in the subcortical U fibers and cerebral cortex (P 〈 0.01 for the periventricular WM; P 〈 0.001 for the subcortical WM), respectively. Clasmatodendritic astroglia, which had swollen cell bodies and large cytoplasmic vacuoles with disintegrated processes, incorporated the serum components IgG, IgM, C3d, C1q and fibrinogen, both in the periventricular WM and subcortical WM in 5 out of 12 (42%) Binswanger’s disease brains. These results indicate that WM lesions in Binswanger’s disease are accompanied by BBB dysfunction, although it remains uncertain whether BBB dysfunction is secondary to either chronic cerebral ischemia or arterial hypertension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050768
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    Localization of types I, II and X collagen and osteocalcin in intramembranous, endochondral and chondroid bone of rats (1997)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 196 (1997), S. 291-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Extracellular matrix ; Osteocalcin ; Collagen ; Immunohistochemistry ; Bone formation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Chondroid bone is a unique calcified tissue intermediate between bone and cartilage. To clarify its characteristics, we examined the distributions of the ECMs associated with chondrogenic differentiation and matrix calcification in the chondroid bone of the rat glenoid fossa, and compared them to those in two typical bone tissues, alveolar bone of the maxilla (intramembranous bone) and the growth plate of long bone (endochrondral bone), using immunofluorescence techniques. Morphologically, the glenoid fossa consisted of the fibrous, progenitor and cartilaginous cell layers and the cartilaginous cell layer was further divided into the superficial non-hypertrophic layers (secondary cartilage) and the deep hypertrophic cell layers (chondroid bone). The co-distribution of type I and type II collagens was observed in secondary cartilage and chondroid bone, whereas type X collagen was restricted to the pericellular matrix of hypertrophied cells (chondroid bone). Osteocalcin, which was absent from the calcified cartilage of endochondral bone formation, was also present in the ECM of the chondroid bone, but not in cells. These results demonstrate that chondroid bone of rats, which is adjacent to secondary-type cartilage in the glenoid fossa, has phenotypic expressions associated with both hypertrophied chondrocytes and osteocytes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004290050098
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    Human oral buccal mucosa reconstructed on dermal substrates: a model for oral epithelial differentiation (1997)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 289 (1997), S. 677-685 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Key words Collagen lattice ; De-epidermized dermis ; Immunohistochemistry ; Pharmacology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To develop a model for the study of oral epithelial differentiation, we reconstructed artificial buccal mucosa equivalents using keratinocytes and fibroblasts or de-epidermized dermis derived from noncornifying buccal mucosa. The buccal mucosa equivalents reconstructed in this way showed a morphology closely mimicking that of their in vivo counterparts. There was no formation of horny layers and granular layers. The expression of various differentiation markers such as K13, involucrin and loricrin was consistent with that of the in vivo state, and indicative of the hyperproliferative state. We also demonstrated that the differentiation of oral epithelial cells was influenced by the de-epidermized dermis and subepithelial fibroblasts. The epidermis of buccal mucosa equivalents seemed to be less sensitive to retinoic acid than that of the skin. The effects of calcipotriol on the buccal mucosa equivalent and the skin epidermis were different. These results suggest that the pharmacological effects of retinoic acid and calcipotriol on the buccal mucosa are different from those on the skin. A useful model system for studies of oral keratinocyte differentiation and pharmacological research could be based on these artificial buccal mucosa equivalents.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004030050261
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    Enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in human skin is found selectively in a fraction of CD68 – positive dermal cells: increase in enkephalin-positive cells in lesional psoriasis (1997)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 289 (1997), S. 265-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Key words Enkephalins ; Immunohistochemistry ; Preproenkephalin ; Mononuclear cells ; Psoriasis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Opioid peptides are synthesized in neurons, endocrine cells, monocytes/macrophages and B and T lymphocytes. They interact with opioid receptors located on immune cells and nociceptive nerve terminals. Because opioid peptides might be of importance in inflammatory skin diseases, for example psoriasis, sections of skin from psoriatic patients were immunohistochemically stained with antisera against methionine and leucine enkephalin, CD68 (KP1, PG-M1), calprotectin (M747), M130 (Ber-MAC3), CD1a and CD3. Enkephalin-like activity was detected selectively in dermal CD68-positive macrophages/monocytes. The activity showed no association with the activation markers M747 and Ber-MAC3. There was a statistically significant increase in enkephalin-positive cells in involved psoriatic skin compared with uninvolved and normal skin. These results were confirmed by radioimmunoassay which showed elevated levels in extracts from involved psoriatic skin compared with uninvolved skin (81%) and normal skin (204%). Furthermore, preproenkephalin mRNA of an expected size was detected in involved psoriatic skin. If the increased levels of enkephalins present in monocytes/macrophages in psoriatic skin lesions reach the threshold for biological activity, they may play a role in the regulation of the inflammatory processes seen in this skin disease.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004030050191
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    The expression of interleukin-8 receptor in untreated and treated psoriasis (1997)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 289 (1997), S. 440-443 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Key words IL-8 receptor ; Psoriasis ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The expression of IL-8 in psoriasis has been clearly shown with the use of immunocytochemical, RT-PCR and in situ hybridization methods. The presence of its ligand, the IL-8 receptor, has been demonstrated by the RT-PCR technique. We report here a study of the expression of both IL-8 type A and B receptors by immunohistochemical techniques, using one polyclonal and four monoclonal antibodies. By this technique, we found that the neutrophilic granulocytes express the IL-8 type A receptor, whereas the IL-8 type B receptor was present on the keratinocytes. The type B receptor on the keratinocytes was localized in the suprabasal layers of the epidermis. Following therapy, the expression of the IL-8 type B receptor on the keratinocytes was reduced. This could suggest that IL-8 in psoriasis is involved in the disturbed differentiation rather than in proliferation, probably via an autocrine loop.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004030050218
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    Standards der histo- pathologischen Diagnose maligner Melanome Empfehlungen der Arbeitsgruppe des Zentralregisters Malignes Melanom der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft (1997)
    Springer
    Der Hautarzt 48 (1997), S. 720-729 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1173
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Melanom ; Histopathologie ; Diagnosekriterien ; Immunhistologie ; Key words Melanoma ; Histopathology ; Diagnostic criteria ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The evaluation of melanocytic tumors represents one of the most intriguing and challenging aspects of the daily practice in dermatohistopathology. For the diagnosis of malignant melanoma and melanocytic nevi, standardized and reproducible criteria are required. In case of the diagnosis of melanoma, the histopathological report must include all important data relevant for the prognosis which may also influence the therapeutic procedure. The following paper summarizes the recommendations of the study group on malignant melanoma formed by the Deutsche Dermatologische Gesellschaft.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Begutachtung melanozytärer Tumoren repräsentiert einen der wichtigsten und vordringlichsten Aspekte der Routinediagnostik in der Dermatohistopathologie. Für die Diagnosestellung eines malignen Melanoms oder eines differentialdiagnostisch in Frage kommenden melanozytären Nävus sind einheitliche und reproduzierbare histologische Kriterien zu fordern. Die prognostisch relevanten und für das therapeutische Vorgehen wichtigen Tumorparameter müssen bei malignen Melanomen im histopathologischen Befundbericht vollständig und einheitlich erfaßt werden. Die Empfehlungen der Arbeitsgruppe zur histopathologischen Diagnostik bei malignen Melanomen sind nachfolgend zusammengefaßt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001050050650
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  • 69
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    Electronic Resource
    Prognostic value of contrast-enhanced MR mammography in patients with breast cancer (1997)
    Springer
    European radiology 7 (1997), S. 1002-1005 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Carcinoma of the breast ; MR imaging ; Prognostic factors ; Histopathology ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of contrast-enhanced MR mammography in patients with breast cancer. A total of 190 patients with breast cancer (37 noninvasive carcinomas, 153 invasive carcinomas) underwent dynamic contrast-enhanced MR mammography preoperatively. Using 1.5-T unit, T1-weighted sequences (2D FLASH) were obtained repeatedly one time before and five times after IV administration of 0.1 mmol gadopentetate-dimeglumine per kilogram body weight. The findings on MR imaging were correlated with histopathologically defined prognostic factors (histological type, tumor size, tumor grading, metastasis in lymph nodes). In addition, immunohistochemically defined prognostic factors (c-erbB-1,c-erbB-2, p53, Ki-67) were correlated with the signal increase on MR mammogram in 40 patients. There was no significant correlation between the findings on MR mammography and the histopathological type of carcinoma, the grading, and the lymphonodular status. Noninvasive carcinomas showed a higher rate of moderate (38 %) or low (27 %) enhancement on MR imaging than invasive carcinomas (6 and 3 %). The results on MR mammography and the results of immunohistochemical stainings did not correlate significantly. Noninvasive carcinomas showed significantly lower enhancement than invasive carcinomas. However, the signal behavior of contrast-enhanced MR mammography is not related to established histopathological prognostic parameters as subtyping, grading, nodal status, and the expression of certain oncogenes/tumor suppressor genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050240
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  • 70
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    Die Diagnostik der Zytomegalie (CMV) im Biopsie- und Operationsmaterial Methoden und klinische Relevanz* (1997)
    Springer
    Der Pathologe 18 (1997), S. 207-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter CMV ; Pathologie ; Immunhistologie ; In-situ-Hybridisierung ; PCR ; Key words CMV ; Pathology ; Immunohistochemistry ; In situ hybridization ; PCR
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Since the first description of cytomegaly as ’’disease with protozoan-like cells’’ more than 50 years have past until a definitive explanation of the viral aetiology was reached. In the eighties cytomegaly gained increasing importance in adults. This event was based upon the occurrence of cytomegaly especially in patients with organ transplantation, AIDS infection, chronic dialysis or chemotherapy of malignant tumours. With the development of immunohistochemistry (IHC), in situ hybridization (IHS) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) new, more sensitive methods became available to detect CMV infections especially in biopsy specimens or cytological material. With IHC, ISH and PCR CMV verification is possible in seemingly normal cells without inclusion bodies. PCR can be used also on small biopsy particles of paraffin-embedded material and is characterized by high specifity and sensitivity. The parallel performance of IHC and ISH was proved to be useful in routine diagnostic work, whereas PCR should be used especially in diagnostically different cases. The methods of the evidence of CMV infection are analysed in the different organs.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Seit der Erstbeschreibung der Zytomegalie als „Krankheit mit protozoenartigen Zellen” vergingen über 50 Jahre, bis die Virusätiologie definitiv aufgeklärt wurde. In den 80er Jahren erlangte die Zytomegalie eine zunehmende Bedeutung, besonders durch das Vorkommen bei Patienten mit Organtransplantation, AIDS-Infektion, chronischer Dialyse oder Chemotherapie maligner Tumoren. Durch die Entwicklung der Immunhistochemie (IHC), der In-situ-Hybridisierung (ISH) und der Polymerasekettenreaktion (PCR) ergeben sich neue, wesentlich sensitivere Methoden zur Erfassung einer CMV-Infektion speziell in Biopsie- und Zytologiepräparaten. Mit der IHC, der ISH und der PCR gelingt der CMV-Nachweis am Paraffin-eingebetteten Material auch in scheinbar normalen Zellen ohne Einschlußkörper. Die PCR kann auch an sehr kleinen Biopsiepartikel angewendet werden und besitzt eine besonders hohe Spezifität und Sensitivität. Für die praktische Diagnostik hat sich die parallele Durchführung der IHC und ISH bewährt, während die PCR v.a. bei diagnostisch schwierigen Fällen eingesetzt werden sollte. In einem Vergleich der Methoden werden die Befunde zum Nachweis einer CMV-Infektion in den einzelnen Organregionen analysiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002920050208
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  • 71
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    Electronic Resource
    Komibinierte neuronale und endokrine Tumoren der Sellaregion (1997)
    Springer
    Der Pathologe 18 (1997), S. 419-424 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Gangliozytom ; Gangliogliom ; Hypophysenadenom ; Immunhistologie ; Ultrastruktur ; Key words Gangliocytoma ; Ganglioglioma ; Pituitary adenoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Gangliocytomas or gangliogliomas of the sellar region are very rare tumors. In a great proportion of those cases an adenoma of the anterior pituitary develops from the cell type that is hyperstimulated by the releasing hormone produced from the gangliocytoma. Five GHRH secreting gangliocytomas are reported. Four of these were localized adjacent to a GH secreting adenoma. In one case, no adenoma tissue was found beside the ganglicytoma. As only the adenomas can secrete GH, the adenomas and not the gangliocytomas are directly responsible for acromegaly so that such an adenoma has to be present in cases of acromegaly. A CRH secreting gangliocytoma was combined with an ACTH cell adenoma that had induced Cushing’s disease. A ganglioglioma of the posterior pituitary had led to an inappropriate secretion of Vasopressin. The morphology of the different tumors is presented.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Intraselläre Gangliozytome/Gangliogliome sind sehr seltene Tumoren, die in einem Großteil der Fälle ein Hypophysenadenom aus dem Zelltyp heraus entstehen lassen, der durch das gebildete Releasinghormon überstimuliert wird. Es wird über 5 GHRH-bildende Gangliozytome berichtet, von denen 4 einem STH-bildenden Hypophysenadenom benachbart waren. Ein Fall enthielt keine Adenomanteile. Diese müssen in Anbetracht der klinisch vorhandenen Akromegalie aber vorhanden sein, da nur das jeweilige Adenom, nicht aber die Gangliozytome für die Überfunktion unmittelbar verantwortlich sind. Ein CRH-bildendes Gangliozytom war mit einem zum Morbus Cushing führenden ACTH-Zelladenom kombiniert. Ein Gangliogliom des Hinterlappens hatte zu einer inadäquaten Vasopressinsekretion Anlaß gegeben. Die Morphologie der Tumoren wird dargelegt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002920050236
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  • 72
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    Electronic Resource
    Neurofibromatose-Typ 1 – assoziierte Arteriopathie Fallbericht und Literaturübersicht (1997)
    Springer
    Der Pathologe 18 (1997), S. 480-483 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Neurofibromatose Typ 1 ; Arterielle Läsionen ; Immunhistochemie ; Gefäßruptur ; Key words Neurofibromatosis type I ; Arterial lesions ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rupture of vascular wall
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Reported is the case of a 36-year-old man with neurofibromatosis type 1 with lethal haemorrhage from rupture of the left common iliac artery. Histologically and immunohistochemically, no hints on angiodysplasia as a possible cause of bleeding were detected. Considering the literature and the histological findings in the area of rupture, a local weakness of the vascular wall caused by the neighbouring neurofibromatous proliferates was most probably the reason for bleeding.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Über einen 36jährigen Mann mit Neurofibromatose Typ 1 (NF 1) und tödlicher Verblutung aus der rupturierten A. iliaca communis sinistra wird berichtet. Histologisch und immunhistochemisch ergaben sich weder im Rupturgebiet noch an anderen Stellen im Gefäßsystem Hinweise auf eine Angiodysplasie, die als rupturbegünstigend gewertet werden könnte. Unter Berücksichtigung des Schrifttums und der im Rupturbereich erhobenen histologischen Befunde wird einer lokalen Gefäßwandschwächung durch hier nachgewiesene neurofibromatöse Proliferate die größte Wahrscheinlichkeit als Blutungsursache zugesprochen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002920050246
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  • 73
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    Electronic Resource
    Does a moderate hypoxia induce manganese-superoxide dismutase or heat shock proteins to act as possible protective factors? (1997)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 356 (1997), S. 746-749 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Key words Hypoxia ; Protection ; Mn-superoxide ; dismutase ; Immunohistochemistry ; Heat shock proteins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Male Wistar rats were kept in a hypoxia chamber (9% O2) for eight hours. Control animals breathed room air in the same chamber for a similar period of time. One week later the brains of all rats were prepared for the immunohistochemical demonstration of Mn-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD). In comparison with the sham-exposed controls, the hypoxia-treated animals showed an increase in the number of Mn-SOD-immunoreactive neurons in several hippocampal structures. The 72 kD heat shock protein was not found to be induced one week after a moderate hypoxia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00005113
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  • 74
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    Electronic Resource
    Fast- and slow-twitch isoforms (SERCA1 and SERCA2a) of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca-ATPase are expressed simultaneously in chronically stimulated muscle fibers (1997)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 433 (1997), S. 766-772 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Key words Skeletal muscle ; Fiber types ; SERCA (Ca2+-ATPase) isoforms ; Immunohistochemistry ; Chronic neuromuscular stimulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Using an immunohistochemical double-labeling technique, we observed that different isoforms of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca-ATPase are co-expressed in single fibers of canine fast-twitch skeletal muscles stimulated chronically at low frequency. By 7 days of neuromuscular stimulation, the population of hybrid fibers expressing both SERCA1 and SERCA2a [fast- and slow-twitch isoforms of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase] had increased from 1.5% to 9.2% of fibers. By 14 days of stimulation 90% of the pure fast-twitch fibers (expressing only SERCA1) were replaced by hybrid fibers. An additional 28 days of stimulation caused all fast-twitch fibers to express SERCA2a at the same level as found in nonstimulated slow-twitch fibers (expressing only SERCA2a). At this time, one-half of the previously hybrid fibers had become pure slow-twitch fibers. The remaining one-half of the hybrid fibers expressed SERCA1 at a very low level. Extending stimulation to 70 days did not further change the percentage of fibers that were slow-twitch or hybrid. Immunoblot studies at the whole-muscle level confirmed that changes in SERCA expression at 42 days of neuromuscular stimulation were complete. Immunohistochemical analysis of longitudinal sections of muscle showed that the changes in SERCA protein were uniform along the length of the muscle fiber, indicating that nuclei along its length responded equally to chronic stimulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004240050343
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  • 75
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    Electronic Resource
    Neuropeptide-Y immunoreactivity in the pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy (1997)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 116 (1997), S. 186-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Pilocarpine ; NPY ; Hippocampus ; Epilepsy ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Neuropeptide-Y (NPY) is expressed by granule cells and mossy fibres of the hippocampal dentate gyrus during experimental temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). This expression may represent an endogenous damping mechanism since NPY has been shown to block seizure-like events following high-frequency stimulation in hippocampal slices. The pilocarpine (PILO) model of epilepsy is characterized by an acute period of status epilepticus followed by spontaneous recurrent seizures and related brain damage. We report peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunostaining for NPY in several brain regions in this model. PILO-injected animals exhibited NPY immunoreactivity in the region of the mossy fibre terminals, in the dentate gyrus inner molecular layer and, in a few cases, within presumed granule cells. NPY immunoreactivity was also dramatically changed in the entorhinal cortex, amygdala and sensorimotor areas. In addition, PILO injected animals exhibited a reduction in the number of NPY-immunoreactive interneurons compared with controls. The results demonstrate that changes in NPY expression, including expression in the granule cells and mossy fibres and the loss of vulnerable NPY neurons, are present in the PILO model of TLE. However, the significance of this changed synthesis of NPY remains to be determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00005739
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  • 76
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    Electronic Resource
    Xanthomatous posterior pyramid meningioma in a 2-year-old girl (1997)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 13 (1997), S. 406-411 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Key words Childhood ; Posterior cranial fossa tumour ; Xanthomatous meningioma ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Meningiomas are common lesions in adults but unusual in infancy and meningiomas located in the posterior cranial fossa are even more rare. Metaplastic changes of meningothelial meningiomas can lead to the rarely observed xanthomatous form. We describe the case of a posterior pyramid xanthomatous meningioma in a 2-year-old girl. After detailed neuroradiological evaluation, the histological diagnosis was confirmed with the aid of immunohistochemical evaluation. A critical case evaluation in the light of the more recent literature, the surgical strategy and technique, and an immunohistological hypothesis are reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003810050109
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  • 77
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    Electronic Resource
    Congenital immature teratoma of the fetal brain (1997)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 13 (1997), S. 556-559 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Key words Fetus ; Brain tumor ; Congenital ; Teratoma ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Congenital intracranial tumors are very rare and only account for 0.5–1.5% of all childhood brain tumors. Even rarer are those with prenatal manifestation. The most common of these present at birth are teratomas, which show divergent differentiation with 90% of them containing tissues from all three germ layers. We report a rare case of an intrauterine congenital immature teratoma in a female fetus at 23 weeks of gestation, which was sonographically diagnosed in vivo by detection of the tumor and associated craniomegaly. Because of the poor prognosis, termination of the pregnancy was induced by Rivanol instillation. The cerebral tumor was confirmed at autopsy and was not associated with any other malformations. Histological and immunohistochemical features of this tumor are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003810050137
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  • 78
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    Electronic Resource
    Histological and ultrastructural evaluation of Leeds-Keio ligament six years after implant A case report (1997)
    Springer
    Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy 5 (1997), S. 89-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-7347
    Keywords: Key words Arthroscopy ; Artificial knee ligament ; Leeds-Keio ; Anterior cruciate ligament ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Sports Science
    Notes: Abstract We examined by light and electron microscopy study a Leeds-Keio ligament removed from a patient 6 years and 4 months after implant following rupture. The new ligament presented an outer capsule made up of bundles of collagen fibres running mainly perpendicular to the long axis of the ligament. Septa were seen emerging from the capsule and composed of bundles of collagen fibres surrounding the bundles of Dacron fibres. Each thread of Dacron was surrounded by a layer of connective tissue containing periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive cells. The bundles of collagen fibres making up the outer capsule, the septa and the layer of connective tissue surrounding the Dacron threads were positive for anti-type I collagen antibody. The rehabitated Leeds-Keio ligament presented a specific organization at the septa zone, showing a layer of collagen fibrils alternating with a layer of cells. Our remodelling findings suggest a shoelace effect of the artificial ligament. On the other hand, the presence of type I collagen could be responsible for the good functional behaviour of this composite system. In conclusion, the factors that play an important role in determining this remodelling process and its mechanical function are unknown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001670050033
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  • 79
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    Electronic Resource
    Role of feline maternal taurine nutrition in fetal cerebellar development: An immunohistochemical study (1997)
    Springer
    Amino acids 13 (1997), S. 369-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-2199
    Keywords: Amino acids ; Taurine ; Cerebellum ; Development ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We report the effects of four levels of maternal dietary taurine on the cerebellum of 45-day gestation fetuses. As we have previously reported for newborn and 8-week-old kittens, maternal dietary taurine content has a profound effect also on fetal cerebellum. Fetuses from queens fed the lowest amount of taurine had the greatest density of granule cells, probably because of smallest brain size, and had a high proportion of morphological abnormalities. Somewhat surprising was the observation that the fetuses from the lowest maternal dietary taurine group had the highest proportion of taurine-positive granule cells. In addition, these results confirm the vulnerability of developing fetal brain to its intrauterine environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01372600
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  • 80
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    Electronic Resource
    Glucose transporter isoform (GLUT) 2 expression in beta-cells of long-term syngeneic islet grafts (1997)
    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 34 (1997), S. 301-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: Key words Glucose transporter isoform (GLUT) 2 ; Streptozotocin-induced diabetes ; Intraportal syngeneic islet transplantation ; LEW.1W rats ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Syngeneic islets were transplanted into the liver of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic LEW.1W rats, and the expression of the glucose transporter isoform GLUT 2, an essential component of the glucose-sensing mechanism of the pancreatic beta-cell, was determined in the grafted islet tissue. Graft-bearing liver was obtained 12, 36, and 60 weeks after transplantation, and tissue sections were immunoperoxidase stained for GLUT 2 and major islet peptides. Islet cell aggregates of different sizes were found in the portal tract and in juxtaposition to the hepatocytes. At all time points, beta-cells in the grafts displayed GLUT 2 expression comparable to that of islets in nondiabetic rats. Islet cells containing immunoreactive insulin and islet amyloid polypetide were plentiful, while those staining positive for glucagon and somatostatin were scarce in these grafts. The results show that beta-cells in islets engrafted in the liver, although initially exposed to chronic hyperglycemia, have the capability of stably expressing GLUT 2 over long-term periods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005920050092
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  • 81
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    Electronic Resource
    Non-Hodgkin lymphoma with exclusive involvement of the heart and the gastrointestinal tract (1997)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 430 (1997), S. 427-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Cardiac tumours ; Malignant lymphoma ; Histology ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  An extranodal high-grade B-cell lymphoma, centroblastic type, with exclusive involvement of the heart, stomach and small bowel was detected at post-mortem examination following the death of an 80-year-old man. Autopsy revealed massive cardiomegaly with a total heart weight of 1800 g owing to an intramyocardial tumour involving the right ventricle, and multiple mucosal tumour plaques and nodules in the stomach and small bowel. The case highlights the difficulties of diagnosing cardiac lymphoma clinically even in the presence of a large tumour mass.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050052
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  • 82
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    Solitary fibrous tumour: clinicopathological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural analysis of 12 cases arising in soft tissues, nasal cavity and nasopharynx, urinary bladder and prostate (1997)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 430 (1997), S. 445-453 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Solitary fibrous tumour ; Soft tissue ; Immunohistochemistry ; Differential diagnosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The clinicopathological features of 12 extraserosal solitary fibrous tumours (SFT) are described. The age of the patients ranged from 18 to 72 years (mean: 48.2 years; median: 54 years); 5 were female patients. Seven lesions arose in soft tissue (5 in perifascial, and 1 each in subcutaneous and intramuscular tissues). They were situated in the groin (2 cases) and the neck, right buttock, left scapula, upper arm, and anterior abdominal wall (1 case each). One polypoid lesion was seen in in the nasal cavity and 1 in the nasopharynx; 2 neoplasms arose in the urinary bladder and 1 was located in the prostate and periprostatic tissue. Nine lesions were excised; in 1 patient wide excision was performed and in 2 patients, transurethral resection. Limited follow-up of 3 cases revealed a benign clinical course. The size of the neoplasms ranged from 1.7 cm to 20.0 cm (mean: 5.4 cm; median: 3.5 cm). Histologically, the neoplasms were well circumscribed and composed of cytologically bland spindle cells arranged without an obvious pattern; focally storiform or fascicular growth patterns were seen. Tumour cells were separated by thick bands of collagen demonstrating foci of keloid-like hyalinization. Prominent vascularity showing a haemangiopericytoma-like vascular pattern and vessels with thick, hyalinized vessel walls were seen in all cases. Increased mitotic activity was noted in 2 soft tissue cases (4–6 mitoses in 10 high-power fields); the other cases showed fewer than 2 mitotic figures in 10 high-power fields. Immunohistochemically, all cases tested stained positively for vimentin, CD34 and CD99, and 2 cases showed focal myofibroblastic differentiation. Two cases examined ultrastructurally showed a fibroblastic phenotype; focally pinocytic vesicles and microfilaments were identified. SFT represents a distinct neoplasm that should be included in the differential diagnosis of spindle-cell neoplasms in soft tissue, nasal cavity and nasopharynx, urinary bladder, and prostate. Strict diagnostic criteria are necessary to avoid overdiagnosis or confusion with more aggressive neoplasms in these locations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050054
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  • 83
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    Osteoclast-like giant cell tumour of the pancreas presenting as a pseudocyst-like lesion (1997)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 431 (1997), S. 215-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Osteoclast-like giant cell tumour ; Pancreas ; Cystic lesion ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A 57-year-old male patient presented with a cystic lesion in the tail of the pancreas, which was considered to be a pseudocyst. He was treated by cystojejunostomy but one year later a tumour was found to have invaded the stomach and jejunum. This was an osteoclast-like giant cell tumour containing a small area of typical ductal adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the pleomorphic tumour cells were positive for cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, vimentin and the proliferation marker MIB-1. The osteoclast-like giant cells and some small histiocytic cells stained for leukocyte common antigen and histiocytic markers and were negative for MIB-1. At autopsy, tumour rests were found in the pancreas but there were no metastases. Osteoclast-like giant cell tumours of the pancreas may present as cystic lesions and should be included in the differential diagnosis of pseudocysts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050091
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  • 84
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    p53 Alterations in thymic epithelial tumours (1997)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 431 (1997), S. 17-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Thymoma ; p53 ; Immunohistochemistry ; PCR
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The prognosis of thymic epithelial tumours depends on malignant behaviour that cannot always be predicted on histological grounds. This study aimed at identifying a molecular marker that would be useful in overcoming the drawbacks of histopathology. Forty-four thymic epithelial tumours were analysed for alterations of the tumour suppressor gene p53 using immunohistochemistry (antibodies D0-1 and CM-1) and PCR-based single-strand conformation polymorphism and DNA sequencing. Histological and clinical evaluation and also p53 analysis revealed three major tumour groups: non-organotypic thymic carcinomas with frequent p53 alterations (7/9) and occurrence of p53 gene mutations (2/9); malignant thymomas with frequent p53 alterations but without p53 gene mutations (11/18); and benign thymomas with rare p53 alterations and without p53 gene mutations (2/17). In non-organotypic thymic carcinomas p53 was detected with both antibodies. In contrast, thymomas lacked immunoreaction with D0-1 suggesting alteration of the antibody-binding site. Overall immunohistochemical results correlated with clinical stages (P 〈 0.01), pathohistology (P 〈 0.01), and survival times (P 〈 0.05). We consider immunohistochemical p53 detection to be a useful new prognostic factor for the evaluation of thymic epithelial tumours.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050064
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  • 85
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    Calbindin D28k-like immunoreactivity in the developing and regenerating circumvallate papilla of the rat (1997)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 291 (1997), S. 81-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Calbindin D28k ; Circumvallate papilla ; Taste buds ; Development ; Degeneration ; Regeneration ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The distribution of calbindin D28k (CB)-like immunoreactivity (-LI) in the circumvallate papilla (CVP) was examined during development and regeneration following bilateral crush injury to the glossopharyngeal nerve in the rat. In the adult CVP, CB-like immunoreactive (-IR) nerve fibers were observed in the subgemmal region and some penetrated into the taste buds. CB-LI was also detected in the cytoplasm of the spindle-shaped gustatory cells in the lower half of the trench epithelium, which contained numerous synaptic vesicles and bundles of intermediate filaments. These CB-IR gustatory cells made synapse-like contacts with CB-IR nerve terminals. Some CB-IR nerve terminals made contacts with the gustatory cells negative for CB-LI. At least three developmental stages were defined with regard to the developmental changes in the distribution of CB-LI: (1) Stage I (embryonic day (E) 18–postnatal day (P)5): CB-IR nerve fibers appeared in the lamina propria just beneath the newly-formed CVP at E18, but the gustatory epithelium of the CVP contained no CB-IR structures. Taste buds with taste pores appeared at P1. (2) Stage II (P5–10): thin CB-IR nerve fibers began entering the trench epithelium, but no CB-IR cells were observed. (3) Stage III (P10–adult): in addition to the intragemmal and perigemmal CB-IR nerve fibers, very few CB-IR cells appeared in the taste buds around P10, and their numbers increased progressively. The changes in the distribution of taste buds and CB-LI following glossopharyngeal nerve injury were similar to those observed during development. On post-operative day (PO) 4, the taste buds and CB-IR cells decreased markedly in number. These CB-IR cells became round in shape, and the number of CB-IR nerve fibers decreased markedly. On PO8, both taste buds and CB-IR cells disappeared completely. The regenerated taste buds were first observed on PO12, increased rapidly in number by PO20, and increased slowly thereafter. CB-IR nerve fibers accumulated at the subgemmal region and began penetrating into the trench wall epithelium around PO16. CB-IR cells appeared between PO20 and PO24, and their numbers increased progressively and reached the normal level on PO40. The topographical localizations of the taste buds and CB-IR cells during development and regeneration were comparable to those of normal animals. The delay of the time courses for appearance of CB-IR nerve fibers and CB-IR cells compared to the appearance of taste buds during development and regeneration suggests that CB in the gustatory epithelium may participate in the survival of the taste bud cells rather than in the induction of the taste buds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050981
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  • 86
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    Anally projecting neurons exhibiting immunoreactivity to galanin, nitric oxide synthase and vasoactive intestinal peptide, detected by confocal laser scanning microscopy, in the intestine of the Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua (1997)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 287 (1997), S. 525-533 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Nervous system ; enteric ; Nitric oxide synthase ; Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) ; Immunohistochemistry ; Myotomy ; Descending projections ; Gadus morhua (Teleostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The projections of enteric neurons showing immunoreactivity for vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and galanin were investigated in the myenteric plexus of the intestine of the Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua. Quantification of immunoreactive material on the proximal and distal side of a myotomy was performed by means of confocal laser scanning microscopy. NOS immunoreactivity was reduced anal to the myotomy, whereas there was an accumulation of immunoreactivity for VIP and for galanin oral to the cut. These results suggest the presence of VIP, NOS and galanin in neurons with oral–to–anal projections along the intestine of the cod. Since descending neurons in the myenteric plexus of many other vertebrates also contain these substances, we conclude that the oral–to–anal projections of neurons containing VIP, NOS and galanin are highly conserved features and important for the descending phase of intestinal peristalsis on an evolutionary basis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050776
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  • 87
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    Multiple mechanisms contribute to myenteric plexus ablation induced by benzalkonium chloride in the guinea-pig ileum (1997)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 289 (1997), S. 253-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Myenteric plexus ; Benzalkonium chloride ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphocytes ; Macrophages ; Glia ; Oncoproteins ; Guinea pig (Rodentia)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Ablation of rat myenteric plexus with benzalkonium chloride has provided a model of intestinal aganglionosis, but the degenerative responses are not well understood. We examined the effects of this detergent on neurons and glia, including expression of c-Myc, c-Jun, JunB, and c-Fos, and on immunocytes in the guinea-pig ileum. Benzalkonium chloride (0.1%) or saline was applied to the serosal surface of distal ileum. Tissues were analyzed 2, 3, or 7 days later and compared with cyclosporine-treated and untreated animals. More than 90% of myenteric neurons were destroyed in ileal segments 3–7 days after benzalkonium-chloride treatment. Glia withdrew processes from around neurons after 2 days and were mostly gone after 3 days. Neuronal c-Myc began to disappear while c-Fos, c-Jun, and JunB were evident in some neuronal nuclei after 2 or 3 days. After 3 days, widespread apoptosis was evident in the myenteric plexus. Populations of T cells, B cells, and macrophage-like cells in untreated and saline-treated myenteric plexuses were substantially increased 3 and 7 days after benzalkonium-chloride treatment. Cyclosporine delayed significant neuronal loss. We conclude that a variety of degenerative mechanisms may be active in this model, including an immune response which may actively contribute to tissue destruction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050872
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  • 88
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    Distribution of neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity in the brain of the bichir, Polypterus senegalus, with special regard to the terminal nerve (1997)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 289 (1997), S. 275-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Neuropeptide Y ; Brain (CNS) ; vertebrate ; Terminal nerve ; FMRF amide ; Gonadotropin-releasing hormone ; Immunohistochemistry ; Polypterus senegalus (Polypteriformes)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The distribution of neuropeptide Y (NPY)-like immunoreactivity in the brain of the bichir, Polypterus senegalus, was examined immunohistochemically. NPY-like immunoreactivity was distributed widely in the brain, with the highest density in the diencephalon. NPY-positive perikarya were found in various areas, including the terminal nerve, the pallial zones of the telencephalon, the periventricular preoptic nucleus, the thalamic nucleus, the ventral hypothalamus of the diencephalon, the tegmentum of the mesencephalon, and the area intermedioventralis of the rhombencephalon. In the hypothalamus, NPY-positive liquor-contacting neurons were frequently observed. Immunoreactive neuron-like cells also appeared in the distal lobe of the hypophysis. NPY fibers were densely distributed in the ventral telencephalon, the hypothalamus, and the ventrolateral area of the rhombencephalon. They were also demonstrated in the terminal nerve. In the hypophysis, NPY fibers were dense in the median eminence, but sparse in the neural lobe. Electron-microscopic double immunostaining of the terminal nerve revealed the coexistence of NPY-like antigen with gonadotropin-releasing hormone-like and molluscan cardioexcitatory tetrapeptide-like antigens in the same cytoplasmic granules. These results suggest that NPY or a related substance is involved in neuroregulation of various areas of the bichir brain, by mainly acting as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050874
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  • 89
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    FMRF amide-like-immunoreactive primary sensory neurons in the olfactory system of the terrestrial mollusc, Limax marginatus (1997)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 289 (1997), S. 339-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: FMRF amide ; Immunohistochemistry ; Olfactory system ; Sensory neurons ; Neuromodulators ; Limax marginatus (Mollusca)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The distribution of FMRF amide-like immunoreactivity was investigated in the olfactory organs in the tentacle tip of the terrestrial slug, Limax marginatus. Approximately 0.7% of the neurons in the lobules of the tentacle ganglia demonstrated FMRF amide-like immunoreactivity. Most of the FMRF amide-like-immunoreactive somata lay at superficial positions within the lobules, and dendritic processes extended to the outer surface of the sensory epithelium, whereas the axons traveled toward the cerebral ganglion through the ventral part of the tentacle nerve. From their morphological features, FMRF amide-like-immunoreactive cells were considered to be primary sensory neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050881
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  • 90
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    Heterogeneous distribution of neurocalcin-immunoreactive nerve terminals in the mouse adrenal medulla (1997)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 289 (1997), S. 439-444 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Neurocalcin ; Calcium-binding protein ; Adrenal medulla ; Nerve terminal ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mouse (ddY)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Neurocalcin is a novel calcium-binding protein found in bovine brain tissue. We investigated immunoreactivity for neurocalcin in the mouse adrenal medulla using light and electron microscopy. The immunoreactivity was present in nerve fibers, nerve terminals, and ganglion cells in the adrenal medulla, but chromaffin cells, sustentacular cells, and Schwann cells were negative in reaction. Nerve bundles containing neurocalcin-immunoreactive fibers passed through the adrenal cortex and extended into the medulla. Immunopositive nerve fibers branched off and projected varicose terminals around the chromaffin cells. These varicose terminals contained small and large-cored vesicles and made synapses with the chromaffin cells. We performed paraformaldehyde-induced fluorescence-histochemical studies for catecholamine combined with immunohistochemical studies for neurocalcin. Neurocalcin-immunoreactive nerve terminals were more abundant at noradrenaline (fluorescent) cell-rich regions than at adrenaline (non-fluorescent) cell-rich regions. These results show that neurocalcin-immunoreactive nerves mainly innervate noradrenaline-containing chromaffin cells in the mouse adrenal medulla and that neurocalcin may regulate synaptic function in the nerve terminals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050889
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  • 91
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    Immunohistochemical and immuno-electron-microscopic detection of interferon-γ-inducing factor (”interleukin-18”) in mouse intestinal epithelial cells (1997)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 289 (1997), S. 499-503 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Interferon-γ-inducing factor (”interleukin-18”) ; Intestine ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mucosal immunity ; Mouse (CD1)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The novel cytokine interferon-γ-inducing factor (”interleukin-18”) is produced by macrophage-like cells in mice with endotoxin shock and induces the production of interferon-γ by T cells in vitro. To determine the physiological role for mouse interferon-γ-inducing factor, we studied its tissue distribution in several organs (intestine, spleen, thymus, kidney, and liver) in healthy mice of different ages, including fetal stages. Activity of the cytokine in the organ extracts of adult mice was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the cellular distribution of interferon-γ-inducing factor in organs from fetal and adult mice was determined by immunohistochemistry. Intestinal extracts of adult mice showed the highest concentrations among the organs studied. Other organ extracts of adult mice showed lower concentrations of the cytokine. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that interferon-γ-inducing factor was localized in the cytoplasm of intestinal epithelial cells from fetal and adult mice. These results show for the first time that intestinal epithelial cells may be the main producers of interferon-γ-inducing factor under normal physiological conditions and suggest that its constitutive expression in intestinal epithelial cells may have an important role in the induction of mucosal immunity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050895
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  • 92
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    Local disturbance of neuronal migration in the S-100β-retarded mutant mouse (1997)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 289 (1997), S. 547-551 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) ; Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neuron-glia interaction ; Cortex ; Polydactyly mutant mouse (Pdn/Pdn; Pdn/+; +/+)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Homozygotes of a mouse strain with genetic polydactyly (Pdn) show disrupted cortical lamination and a significant decrease of S-100β-immunoreactive elements in a particular area of the brain. In order to understand the abnormal cortical formation at the cellular level, the migration of cortical neurons and the development of glial cells were studied using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), S-100β, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunohistochemistry. Homozygous mice (Pdn/Pdn) displayed a variable pattern of abnormalities. Irregular GFAP-positive radial glial cells and disturbance of neuronal migration were found in a circumscribed area of the caudo-dorsal cortex of newborn Pdn mouse. The number of S-100β-positive cells was reduced in this area. The present results suggest that abnormal cortical lamination closely correlates with disturbance of neuronal migration and abnormalities of glial cells, especially a significant decrease of S-100β-immunoreactive cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050900
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  • 93
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    Interstitial cells of Cajal in the guinea-pig gastrointestinal tract as revealed by c-Kit immunohistochemistry (1997)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 290 (1997), S. 11-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Interstitial cells of Cajal ; Gastrointestinal motility ; Enteric nervous system ; Smooth muscle ; Rhythmicity ; Immunohistochemistry ; Proto-oncogene ; Tyrosine kinase ; Guinea pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) of various morphologies have been described in the gastrointestinal (GI) tracts of mammals. Different classes of ICC are likely to have different functional roles. ICC of the mouse GI tract have been shown to express c-kit, a proto-oncogene that codes for a receptor tyrosine kinase. We have studied the distribution of ICC within the guinea pig GI tract using antibodies to c-Kit protein and immunohistochemical techniques. c-Kit-like immunoreactivity revealed at least 6 types of ICC: (1) intramuscular ICC (IC-IM1) that lie within the muscle layers of the esophagus, stomach, and cecum, (2) ICC within the myenteric plexus region (IC-MY1) in the corpus, antrum, small intestine, and colon,(3) ICC that populate the deep muscular plexus of the small intestine (IC-DMP), (4) ICC at the submucosal surface of the circular muscle layer in the colon (IC-SM), (5) stellate ICC that are closely associated with the myenteric plexus (IC-MY2) and orientated toward the longitudinal muscle layer in the colon, and (6) branching intramuscular ICC (IC-IM2) in the proximal colon within the circular and longitudinal muscle layers. c-Kit immunohistochemistry appears to be an excellent and selective technique for labeling ICC of the guinea-pig GI tract. Labeling of these cells at the light-microscopic level provides an opportunity for characterizing the distribution, density, organization, and relationship between ICC and other cell types.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050902
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  • 94
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    Remodeling of pineal epithelium in the fetal rat as delineated by immunohistochemistry of laminin and cadherin (1997)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 287 (1997), S. 263-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Pineal gland ; Laminin ; Cadherin ; Synaptophysin ; BrdU ; Immunohistochemistry ; Embryology ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Epithelial remodeling in the rat pineal during fetal development was immunohistochemically analyzed by using antibodies for laminin and cadherin as molecular markers of basal lamina and intercellular junctions, respectively. The proliferation and differentiation of pinealocytes were also investigated in relation to the advance of epithelial remodeling. The pineal anlage of embryonic day 16 is completely covered by basal lamina immunolabeled for laminin. After embryonic day 17, local dissolution of the basal lamina occurs on the epithelial folds, which develop predominantly in the rostral pineal wall. Some pineal cells migrate through these interruptions and form cellular aggregations outside the basal lamina. Cadherin immunostaining reveals focal dissolution of intercellular junctions in epithelial regions protruding into the pineal lumen. Dissolution of the basal lamina and intercellular junctions accompanied by cellular migration into the stromal tissue or into the pineal lumen continues until birth. The distribution of mitotic cells immunolabeled for BrdU is homogeneous throughout the organ during the fetal period, whereas that of differentiating pinealocytes immunoreactive for synaptophysin shows striking regional heterogeneity in close correlation with the remodeling of the pineal epithelium. The migrating cell populations located either outside the basal lamina or inside the pineal lumen are more liable to become synaptophysin-positive than the rest of the epithelium. These results suggest that epithelial remodeling in the fetal pineal is induced, at least in part, by epithelial infolding and that this remodeling promotes the differentiation of pinealocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050751
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  • 95
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    Distribution and subcellular localization of a lysosome-associated protein in human genital organs (1997)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 287 (1997), S. 335-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Lysosomal membrane antigen ; Immunohistochemistry ; Biosynthesis ; Prostate-membrane-specific antigen ; Apocrine secretion ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The tissue distribution, preferentially in the human male genital system, and the subcellular localization of the lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 (lamp 2) was studied immunohistochemically using a mouse monoclonal antibody, 2D5. Strong immunoreactivity was present in the tubular system of the kidney, in acinar cells of salivary glands and pancreas, prostate, mammary glands, placenta and in cutaneous sweat glands. Moderate immunoreactivity was observed in cerebral neuronal cells, epidermal cells, testis, epididymis, seminal vesicle and endometrium. Very low immunoreactivity was found in liver. In some of the tissues mentioned, the distribution pattern of immunoreactivity is smooth and homogeneous, while in others it is granular and concentrated in the supra- or perinuclear cytoplasm. The subcellular distribution was studied on ultracryosections and on pre-embedding-processed chopper sections of human prostate. In the latter gland, the protein is not restricted to epithelium, but is also present in stromal cells. Ultrastructurally, the immunoreactivity in secretory cells was localized in electron-translucent vacuoles and granules, including the secretory granules. A close association with cell membranes was not generally the case. Only part of the immunoreactive material was linked to the apical plasma membrane pointing to a biosynthesis independent from an association step with the apical plasma membrane. As shown by immunoelectron microscopy and Western blotting, a high amount of lamp 2 is secreted and is found in so-called prostasomes. The findings indicate that in the human prostate most of the membrane-bound lamp 2 is released from the secretory cells, presumably in an apocrine fashion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050758
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  • 96
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    Cytokeratin-filament expression in epithelial and non-epithelial tissues of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) (1997)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 287 (1997), S. 375-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Epithelia ; Intermediate filaments ; Cytokeratins ; Cytoskeleton ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mesenchyme ; Tissue fixation ; Cyprinus carpio (Teleostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Cytokeratin expression in mammals is generally restricted to epithelial cells and has been utilized to differentiate epithelial from nonepithelial tissues in these species. Since cytokeratins have been shown to be highly conserved during vertebrate evolution, the objective of the present study has been to ascertain the expression pattern of cytokeratins in tissues of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio). A panel of 10 anti-human cytokeratin antibodies was evaluated using a streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase complex detection system. Tissues were fixed in 10% neutral-buffered formalin, 100% ethanol or methacarn. Only formalin-fixed tissues were pre-digested with trypsin prior to immunostaining. Formalin-fixed tissues generally resulted in a less intense, more diffuse staining pattern with considerable background compared with ethanol and methacarn and was therefore the least desirable fixative. The diverse staining pattern observed with the various antibodies used in this study was consistent with previous findings in other teleosts. The results confirm that cytokeratin expression in teleosts is fundamentally different from that in mammals and therefore should be used as a method to differentiate epithelial cell types in these species only with discretion.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050763
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  • 97
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    Transthyretin distribution in the developing choroid plexus of the South American opossum (Monodelphis domestica) (1997)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 287 (1997), S. 621-624 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Transthyretin ; Albumin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Development ; Choroid plexus ; Opossum ; Monodelphis domestica (Marsupialia)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The distributions of transthyretin and albumin in the choroid plexus during brain development have been compared. The South American opossum was chosen because the young are born around the time of choroid plexus formation. Previous work showed that in the adult opossum, transthyretin is expressed in the choroid plexus cells. However, systematic studies of transthyretin in the choroid plexus during development have not been carried out before. Transthyretin was present in 90–95% of the choroidal cells from birth to adulthood. In most cells, transthyretin immunoreactivity was concentrated in the apical region of the cytoplasm. Double labelling of choroid plexus sections with antibodies to albumin and transthyretin showed that 1–2% of cells were positive for both proteins. These findings suggest that from the very earliest stage of choroid plexus formation most epithelial cells both synthesize and contain transthyretin, and a few of these transthyretin-synthesizing cells also contain albumin that is probably being transferred from blood to the cerebrospinal fluid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050785
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  • 98
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    Exocytotic proteins in enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells of the rat stomach (1997)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 290 (1997), S. 539-551 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Exocytotic proteins ; Synaptophysin ; Synaptotagmin ; Syntaxin ; Secretory granule ; Histidine decarboxylase (HDC) ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Proteins participating in vesicular docking and fusion have been identified in the nervous system. Such proteins appear to be important for the molecular regulation of exocytosis also in non-neuronal cells. The enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells of the gastric acid-secreting (oxyntic) mucosa secrete histamine and chromogranin A-derived peptides, such as pancreastatin. Using immunohistochemistry, we have examined whether the ECL cells of the rat stomach, identified with antibodies to histidine decarboxylase (HDC, the histamine-forming enzyme), express the same exocytotic proteins as neurons. The ECL cells displayed immunoreactivity for synaptophysin, synaptotagmin III, vesicle-associated membrane protein-2 (VAMP-2), cysteine string protein (CSP), vesicular monoamine transporter-2 (VMAT-2), synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25), syntaxin, and Munc-18, but not for synaptotagmin I/II and VAMP-1. Synaptophysin and VMAT-2 could be detected not only in the ECL cells, but also in a population of HDC-negative cells. The demonstration of synaptotagmin III in only a limited number of ECL cells suggests the existence of a subpopulation of ECL cells. The results show that several exocytotic proteins, previously identified in neurons, are present in rat stomach ECL cells. Hence, proteins engaged in vesicular docking and in the fusion of granule/vesicle membrane with plasma membrane seem to exist in both neurons and endocrine cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050960
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  • 99
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    Distribution of vasotocin- and mesotocin-like immunoreactivities in the brain of Typhlonectes compressicauda (Amphibia, Gymnophiona): further assessment of primitive and derived traits of amphibian neuropeptidergic systems (1997)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 287 (1997), S. 305-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Central nervous system ; Vasotocin ; Mesotocin ; Comparative evolution ; Immunohistochemistry ; Typhlonectes compressicauda (Gymnophiona)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. To further assess primitive and derived conditions, we have studied the vasotocinergic (AVT) and mesotocinergic (MST) systems by immmunohistochemistry in the brain of Typhlonectes compressicauda. This species belongs to a separate order of amphibians which differs in several morphological and behavioral aspects from anurans and urodeles which have been studied previously. Nevertheless, the vasotocinergic and mesotocinergic systems of T. compressicauda are largely comparable to those of other amphibians. Apart from a well-developed hypothalamo-hypophysial system, extrahypothalamic AVT-and MST-immunoreactive groups of cells and extensive networks of fibers were found. A major difference, however, is that neuropeptidergic cells in the caudal hypothalamus and the midbrain tegmentum of T. compressicauda contain MST, whereas those in corresponding locations contain AVT in anurans and urodeles. This suggests that certain neuropeptidergic cell groups in the gymnophionan brain have switched from AVT to MST gene expression, and, thereby, offers a new view on the functional significance of these neuropeptidergic systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050755
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  • 100
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    Estimation of the duration of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium in the non-human primate Macaca mulatta using the 5-bromodeoxyuridine technique (1997)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 288 (1997), S. 365-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Spermatogenesis ; Testis ; Cell cycle ; Immunohistochemistry ; Macaca mulatta (Primates)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. A comparatively low yield of germ cells has been reported for the spermatogenic process in primates. Kinetic studies of spermatogenesis and the spermatogenic cycle are needed to investigate this phenomenon but require the application of radioactively labeled compounds or irradiation. We have therefore investigated the suitability of a non-radioactive approach, viz., administration of 5-bromodeoxyuridine, for the determination of the kinetics of the spermatogenic cycle in a non-human primate, the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). Four adult in-season animals received a bolus of 33 mg/kg 5-bromodeoxyuridine, one testis from each monkey was removed 3 h later and the other testis after 10 days and 11 h. Tissue was fixed in Bouin’s solution and embedded in Paraplast. 5-Bromodeoxyuridine was localized by immunogold-silver staining with a monoclonal antibody. PAS-hematoxylin counterstaining was used for spermatogenic stage identification. At 3 h, the leptotene and zygotene spermatocytes in stages VII–IX were the most advanced 5-bromodeoxyuridine-positive cells. At 10 days 11 h, the label had advanced and pachytene spermatocytes in stages VI–IX contained 5-bromodeoxyuridine. The duration of the spermatogenic cycle was 10.42±0.07 days (range: 10.25–10.62 days). Peritubular cells and interstitial cells were rarely 5-bromodeoxyuridine-positive, and Sertoli cells were consistently negative for 5-bromodeoxyuridine. Importantly, our kinetic data closely resemble those obtained by means of the application of irradiation for this macaque species. We conclude that administration of 5-bromodeoxyuridine represents a non-radioactive reliable approach for studying kinetic aspects of the spermatogenic process in primates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050822
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