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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (152)
  • Electronic Resource  (152)
  • 2000-2004  (152)
  • 1870-1879
  • 1840-1849
  • Prognosis  (77)
  • Quality of life  (75)
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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (152)
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  • Electronic Resource  (152)
Years
Year
  • 1
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Fecal incontinence ; Quality of life ; Health surveys ; Reproducibility of results ; Outcome assessment (health care)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: This goal of this research was to develop and evaluate the psychometrics of a health-related quality of life scale developed to address issues related specifically to fecal incontinence, the Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Scale. METHODS: The Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Scale is composed of a total of 29 items; these items form four scales: Lifestyle (10 items), Coping/Behavior (9 items), Depression/Self-Perception (7 items), and Embarrassment (3 items). RESULTS: Psychometric evaluation of these scales demonstrates that they are both reliable and valid. Each of the scales demonstrate stability over time (test/retest reliability) and have acceptable internal reliability (Cronbach alpha 〉0.70). Validity was assessed using discriminate and convergent techniques. Each of the four scales of the Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Scale was capable of discriminating between patients with fecal incontinence and patients with other gastrointestinal problems. To evaluate convergent validity, the correlation of the scales in the Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Scale with selected subscales in the SF-36 was analyzed. The scales in the Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Scale demonstrated significant correlations with the subscales in the SF-36. CONCLUSIONS: The psychometric evaluation of the Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Scale showed that this fecal incontinence-specific quality of life measure produces both reliable and valid measurement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Abdominoperineal resection ; Laparoscopy ; Colorectal carcinoma ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: Although laparoscopic colorectal surgery is attracting ever more attention, its use for curative treatment of colorectal carcinoma in particular continues to be controversial. The present study was an attempt to analyze the results of the perioperative course, oncologic quality, and preliminary long-term results. METHOD: The data considered here were collected within the framework of a prospective, observational study initiated on August 1, 1995, and involving a total of 18 institutions in Germany and Austria. At the end of three years, the results are now being presented selectively,i.e., focusing only on abdominoperineal resection. RESULTS: A total of 116 patients underwent laparoscopic abdominoperineal resections, 98 (84.5 percent) of which were performed with curative intent. The mean operating time was 226 (confidence interval, 140–365) minutes. Seven patients (6 percent) experienced an intraoperative complication, which in more than one-half of the cases was a vascular injury involving the presacral venous plexus; the conversion rate was 3.4 percent. Postoperatively, 40 patients developed 97 complications—including those of a very minor nature—giving an overall morbidity rate of 34.4 percent. Reoperation in six patients (5.2 percent) had to be performed for an afterbleed in one-half of the cases and ileus in the other one-half. Postoperative mortality was a low 1.7 percent. In most of the curative resections, an oncologically radical operation with high transection of the inferior mesenteric artery and a complete dissection of the pelvis down to the floor was performed. The median number of lymph nodes investigated was 11.5, and there was wide fluctuation in the numbers among the individual institutions. Tumor cell dissemination occurred intraoperatively in five patients. In the meantime, 79 patients (81 percent) underwent at least one follow-up examination, the mean follow-up period being 491 days. Seven patients developed a local recurrence, and a further six patients developed distant metastases. For recurrence-free survival rate, the Kaplan-Meier estimation calculated a probability of 71 percent. CONCLUSION: Not all of the reservations about laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection, in particular with regard to resection with curative intent, have yet been eliminated. The present study does, however, show that a laparoscopic approach can in principle meet oncologic requirements of radicality and, with regard to the postoperative course, is associated with considerable benefits to the patient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Recurrent rectal cancer ; Cost-effectiveness analysis ; Quality of life
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: This study was performed to determine the quality of life and cost-effectiveness of therapeutic options for patients with locally recurrent rectal carcinoma, determined from the perspectives of patients and health care providers. METHODS: We reviewed the records of patients (N=68) with locally recurrent rectal carcinoma evaluated from 1992 through 1995. We constructed a decision-analytic model incorporating outcomes, survival, and costs. Utilities were elicited from convenience samples of health care providers and patients using the standard gamble technique. RESULTS: The median survival for patients undergoing surgical resection (n=40) was 42 months, compared with 16.8 months for patients undergoing diagnostic or palliative surgery (n=16) and 18.3 months for patients treated nonoperatively (n=12;P〈0.005). The mean cost of treatment per patient was $19,283 for the nonoperative group, $45,647 for the diagnostic or palliative surgery group, and $70,878 for the surgical resection group. The diagnostic or palliative surgical strategy was dominated by the nonoperative strategy because the former had greater costs with fewer health benefits. The incremental cost-utility ratio of surgical resection compared with nonoperative management using health care provider utilities was $109,777 per quality-adjusted life year gained; it was reduced to $56,698 using per quality-adjusted life year using mean patient utilities. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with recurrent rectal carcinoma view surgery and morbidity to be less severe than health care providers. Diagnostic or palliative surgery is expensive and affects quality-adjusted survival adversely compared with nonoperative therapy. Surgical resection may be a cost-effective use of resources, particularly when cost-effectiveness is calculated using patient preferences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 43 (2000), S. 326-332 
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Laparoscopic surgery ; Aged ; Colorectal surgery ; Morbidity ; Quality of life
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine rates of complications and extent of benefits for laparoscopic-assisted colectomy compared with open colectomy in patients older than age 75. METHODS: Forty-two patients undergoing laparoscopic-assisted colectomy (1992–1998) were matched to 42 open colectomy patients for gender, age, year of surgery, operating surgeon, and procedure. Health status (American Society of Anesthesiology score), previous abdominal surgery, conversion rate, surgical outcome, and need for assistance at admission and dismissal (independencevs. home with assistancevs. nursing facilities) were reviewed. RESULTS: Mean ages were 81.2 and 80.5 years for laparoscopic-assisted colectomy and open colectomy, respectively (P=not significant). Twenty-one laparoscopic-assisted colectomy and 23 open colectomy patients were females. American Society of Anesthesiology scores were comparable, as were rates of previous abdominal surgery (57 percent for laparoscopic-assisted colectomyvs. 62 percent for open colectomy;P=not significant). Mean operative times were longer for laparoscopic-assisted colectomy (190 minutes for laparoscopic-assisted colectomyvs. 142 minutes for open colectomy;P〈0.001); operating room times progressively decreased from 221 minutes in 1992 to 1995 to 147 in 1998 for laparoscopic right hemicolectomy (P〈0.001). The conversion rate for laparoscopic-assisted colectomy was 14.3 percent. There were no deaths in either group, and laparoscopic-assisted colectomy was associated with fewer morbidities (14.3 percent for laparoscopic-assisted colectomyvs. 33.3 percent for open colectomy;P=0.04), narcotic usage (2.7vs. 4.8 days;P〈0.001), time to return to bowel movements (3.9vs. 5.9 days;P〈0.001), and length of hospital stay (6.5vs. 10.2 days;P〈0.001). Independent status at admission in 37 laparoscopic-assisted colectomy and 38 open colectomy patients was maintained at discharge by 35 laparoscopic-assisted colectomyvs. 29 open colectomy patients (P=0.025). CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic-assisted colectomy is safe and beneficial, including preservation of postoperative independence, to the elderly when compared with open colectomy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Fistula-in-ano ; Surgery ; Imaging ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: Magnetic resonance imaging of fistula-in-ano has been shown to predict surgical anatomy accurately and identify complex features. In addition, fistula complexity has been correlated with poor outcome after surgical intervention. We investigated whether preoperative magnetic resonance imaging could predict clinical outcome after surgery for fistulous disease better than clinical examination under anesthetic. METHODS: Seventy patients with clinically suspected fistula-in-ano underwent preoperative dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging before surgical exploration. Outcome was assessed at a minimum of one year after surgical exploration and correlated in a blinded fashion with the surgical and magnetic resonance grading of the severity of the fistulous disease. RESULTS: Of 70 patients, 12 were not operated on and 6 were lost to follow-up, making 52 patients eligible for analysis. Assessment by dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging more accurately predicted outcome than the findings at initial surgical exploration. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging had a sensitivity of 81 percent, specificity of 73 percent, and positive predictive value of 75 percent; surgery had a sensitivity of 77 percent, specificity of 46 percent, and positive predictive value of 59 percent. Surgical assessment of apparent disease severity bore no relation to final outcome. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging could accurately predict whether patients were likely to have a satisfactory or unsatisfactory outcome after surgery. CONCLUSION: Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging better predicts clinical outcome of patients with fistula-in-ano than initial surgical exploration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1534-4681
    Keywords: Rectal cancer ; Intensive follow-up ; Local recurrence ; Reoperation ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: Because more than 90% of local recurrences after curative surgery for rectal cancer appear within the first 36 months after surgery, an intensive and strict follow-up program during this period could improve early diagnosis and, thus, prognosis of patients. Methods: Of the 216 patients who underwent surgery for rectal cancer, 127 entered an intensive follow-up program (median follow-up: 42 months); the clinical outcome of the remaining 89 patients was reconstructed with the help of their general practitioners. Results: Fifty eight (26.8%) of the 216 patients who were treated with curative surgery alone developed a local recurrence; pelvic recurrences were prevalent. Eleven (30.5%) of the 36 patients who had recurrence during follow-up, and 6 of the 22 who had not undergone follow-up, had a reoperation with curative intent; the median survival was 19 months vs. 8 months, respectively (P 5 ns). Four (44.4%) curative reoperations were performed on the 9 asymptomatic patients and in 13 (26.5%) of the 49 cases with symptomatic local recurrences. Median survival was 15 months vs. 14 months, respectively (P 5 n.s). All patients except one (living after 42 months from reoperation) died within 48 months. Conclusions: In our study, adherence to a strict follow-up program unfortunately proved to be ineffective for improving long-term survival for patients who underwent reoperation with curative intent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of surgical oncology 7 (2000), S. 367-375 
    ISSN: 1534-4681
    Keywords: Outcomes ; Surgical oncology ; Review ; Quality of life
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: There have been significant developments and advances in the area of outcomes research in the past 25 years. Unfortunately, many surgical oncologists may not have a clear concept of outcomes research and the methodology involved. Methods: A literature-based review article was done that included an overview of outcomes research, and study design and types, outcome measures, outcome instruments, and sources of outcome data were examined. In addition, we reviewed small area variation(volume outcome analysis as well as quality-of-life studies and their applications in surgical oncology clinical investigation. Specific examples from surgical oncology were identified. Results: As the costs of health care have increased, so has the emphasis on measuring outcomes of medical and surgical care to determine the quality and appropriateness of care. Marked variations in a variety of outcomes after oncological procedures have been attributed to individual surgeon and institution characteristics. Because much of the clinical surgical oncology literature deals only with the traditional mortality and morbidity outcomes, a more comprehensive examination of patient outcomes is required to fully evaluate the impact of patient management decisions. Health-related quality of life can be measured and analyzed in several ways and decisions regarding the use of such methodology are dependent on multiple factors. Conclusions: Surgical oncologists should recognize that the true value of their interventions requires systematic and comprehensive examination of patient outcomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1534-4681
    Keywords: Breast cancer ; Quality of life ; Mental health ; Surgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: The aim of the present study was to examine whether type of surgery, age, and time since surgery influenced psychological distress and quality of life (QOL) in women treated for breast cancer. Methods: We surveyed 183 women who had undergone surgery for breast cancer. Psychological distress was measured with the Mental Health Inventory and QOL was measured with the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire. Results: After controlling for stage of disease, radiation treatment, and age, there was a statistically significant interaction between type of surgery and time since surgery for the Mental Health Inventory total score, and a marginal interaction between type of surgery and time since surgery for the Global health status/QOL score. Women who had breast conservation surgery experienced significantly greater levels of psychological distress and marginally worse QOL from 40 months after surgery onward than did women who received a mastectomy. Conclusions: The effects of different surgical treatments for breast cancer on psychological distress and QOL become apparent only after a period of several years. Women, therefore, need counseling on the potentially positive and negative psychological implications of different surgical treatments for breast cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1534-4681
    Keywords: Gastric cancer ; Prognosis ; Pepsinogen C ; Pepsinogen A
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: In this study we evaluated the expression and clinical significance of pepsinogen C, an aspartic proteinase involved in the digestion of proteins in the stomach, in patients with gastric cancer. Methods: Pepsinogen C expression was examined by immunohistochemical methods in a series of 95 gastric carcinomas. The prognostic value of pepsinogen C was retrospectively evaluated by multivariate analysis taking into account conventional prognostic parameters. Follow-up period of patients was 21.4 months. Results: A total of 25 (26.3%) gastric carcinomas stained positively for pepsinogen C. The percentage of pepsinogen C-positive tumors was higher in well-differentiated (50%) than in moderately differentiated (19.5%) and poorly differentiated (21.9%) tumors (P 〈 .05). Similarly, significant differences in pepsinogen C immunostaining were found between node-negative and node-positive tumors (47.1% vs. 14.7%; P 〈 .001). In addition, statistical analysis revealed that pepsinogen C expression was associated with clinical outcome in gastric cancer patients. Low pepsinogen C levels predicted short overall survival periods in the overall group of patients with gastric cancer (P 〈 .001), and in 71 patients with resectable carcinomas (P 〈 .005). Multivariate analysis according to Cox’s model indicated that pepsinogen C immunostaining was an independent predictor of outcome for both overall and resectable gastric cancer patients (P 〈 .05, for both). Conclusions: The expression of pepsinogen C in gastric cancer may represent a useful biological marker able to identify subgroups of patients with different clinical outcomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1534-4681
    Keywords: Stomach ; Cancer ; Gastric cancer ; Lymph node metastasis ; Prognosis ; Survival rate ; Multivariate analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: In gastric cancer, the level and number of lymph node metastases is useful for predicting survival, and there are several staging systems for lymph node metastasis. The aim of this study was to compare the several lymph node classifications and to clarify the most important lymph node information associated with prognosis using multivariate analysis. Methods: A total of 106 patients with histologically node-positive gastric cancer treated by radical gastrectomy and extended lymph node dissection (D2, D3) were studied. The level of lymph node metastasis was categorized simply as Level I nodes (perigastric, No.1–6), Level II nodes (intermediate, No.7–9), and Level III nodes (distant, No.10–16), irrespective of the tumor location. The Level II nodes included lymph nodes along the left gastric artery, common hepatic artery, and celiac trunk. Results: Overall 5-year survival rate was 51%. Univariate analysis showed that 5-year survival rate was significantly influenced by the level of positive nodes (P 〈 .01), total number of positive nodes (P 〈 .01), number of positive Level I nodes (P 〈 .01), and number of positive Level II nodes (P 〈 .01), in addition to the tumor location (P 〈 .05), tumor size (P 〈 .05), gross type (P 〈 .01), and depth of wall invasion (P 〈 .01). Of these, independent prognostic factors associated with 5-year survival rate were the number of positive Level II nodes (0–1 vs. ≥2) (62% vs. 19%, P 〈 .01) and the depth of wall invasion (within vs. beyond muscularis) (79% vs. 43%, P 〈 .01). Conclusions: Among several staging systems for lymph node metastases, the number of positive Level II nodes provided the most powerful prognostic information in patients with node-positive gastric cancer. When there were two or more metastases in the Level II nodes, prognosis was poor even after D2 or D3 gastrectomy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 11
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Microscopic peritoneal dissemination ; Colon-cancer ; Gastric cancer ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: We evaluated the incidence and prognostic relevance of microscopic intraperitoneal tumor cell dissemination of colon cancer in comparison with dissemination of gastric cancer as a rational for additive intraperitoneal therapy. METHODS: Peritoneal washouts of 90 patients with colon and 111 patients with gastric cancer were investigated prospectively. Sixty patients with benign diseases and 8 patients with histologically proven gross visible peritoneal carcinomatosis served as controls. Intraoperatively, 100 ml of warm NaCl 0.9 percent were instilled and 20 ml were reaspirated. In all patients hematoxylin and eosin staining (conventional cytology) was performed. Additionally, in 36 patients with colon cancer and 47 patients with gastric cancer, immunostaining with the HEA-125 antibody (immunocytology) was prepared. The results of cytology were assessed for an association with TNM category and cancer grade, based on all patients, and with patient survival, among the R0 resected patients. RESULTS: In conventional cytology 35.5 percent (32/90) of patients with colon cancer and 42.3 percent (47/111) of patients with gastric cancer had a positive cytology. In immunocytology 47.2 percent (17/36) of patients with colon cancer and 46.8 percent (22/47) of patients with gastric cancer were positive. In colon cancer, positive conventional cytology was associated with pT and M category (P=0.044 andP=0.0002), whereas immunocytology was only associated with M category (P=0.007). No association was found between nodal status and immunocytology in colon cancer and with the grading. There was a statistically significant correlation between pT M category and conventional and immunocytology in gastric cancer (P〈0.0015/P=0.007 andP〈0.001/P=0.009, respectively). Positive immunocytology was additionally associated with pN category (P=0.05). In a univariate analysis of R0 resected patients (no residual tumor), positive immunocytology was significantly related to an unfavorable prognosis in patients with gastric cancer only (n=30). Mean survival time was significantly increased in patients with gastric cancer with negative cytology compared with positive cytology (1,205 (standard error of the mean, 91)vs. 771 (standard error of the mean, 147) days;P=0.007) but not in patients with colon cancer (1,215 (standard error of the mean, 95)vs. 1,346 (standard error of the mean, 106) days;P=0.55). CONCLUSIONS: Because microscopic peritoneal dissemination influences survival time after R0 resections only in patients with gastric but not with colon cancer, our results may provide a basis for a decision on additive, prophylactic (intraperitoneal) therapy in gastric but not colon cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 43 (2000), S. 1497-1502 
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Ulcerative colitis ; Quality of life ; Pelvic pouch ; Dysplasia ; Cancer ; Colitis-associated neoplasia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: Despite high patient satisfaction with a pelvic pouch, patients experience some bowel dysfunction. Patients whose indication for surgery is neoplasia may have near-normal preoperative bowel function. We hypothesized that these patients would be less accepting of a poorer functional status after surgery, reflected in a poorer measure of quality of life. METHOD: Sixteen patients who had dysplasia or cancer as the primary indication for surgery were compared with a matched control group whose indication for surgery was failed medical therapy. Quality of life was assessed using one disease-specific instrument, the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire, two generic quality-of-life instruments, the Sickness Impact Profile and the Short Form 36, and two utility assessments. RESULTS: The groups were well matched with no significant differences in functional outcome. Quality-of-life scores were high in both groups and there were no significant differences in overall quality of life between the two groups using all five instruments. There was evidence of a response shift phenomenon in the failed medical therapy control group. CONCLUSION: Quality of life of patients who have a pelvic pouch for colitis-associated neoplasia is excellent and the same as that of patients who have a pouch for failure of medical therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Rectal cancer ; Sphincter preservation ; Functional outcome ; Quality of life ; Intraoperative radiation therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: Locally advanced primary and recurrent rectal cancers treated with external beam radiation therapy, intraoperative radiation therapy, and chemotherapy represent a complex group of patients in the setting of extensive pelvic surgery and sphincter preservation. We sought to define functional outcome and quality of life in this subset of patients. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed our experience with locally advanced primary and recurrent rectal cancer patients who underwent intraoperative radiation therapy with either low anterior resection (n=12) or coloanal anastomosis (n=6) between 1991 and 1998. Current functional outcome and quality of life were evaluated by a detailed questionnaire. RESULTS: Median time from operation to assessment was 24 (range, 6–93) months. Using a standardized Sphincter Function Scale, incorporating the number of bowel movements per day and degree of incontinence, patients were graded as poor, fair, good, or excellent function. Of all patients, 56 percent reported unfavorable (poor or fair) function. Of the subset of patients with coloanal anastomosis or very low low anterior resection, 88 percent had unfavorable function as compared with 30 percent with standard low anterior resection. (P=0.02; Fisher's exact probability test). A quality-of-life satisfaction score based on social, professional, and recreational restrictions demonstrated 56 percent of patients to be dissatisfied with their bowel function. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of patients with advanced rectal cancers who require external beam radiation therapy, extensive pelvic surgery, and intraoperative radiation therapy report unfavorable functional and quality-of-life outcomes after sphincter preservation. In this setting patients being considered for coloanal anastomosis or very low anterior resection may be better served by permanent diversion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 43 (2000), S. 1222-1226 
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Colorectal neoplasms ; Young age ; Case-control study ; Pathology ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: Colorectal adenocarcinoma before the age of 40 is uncommon, and its prognosis is controversial, with many studies reporting a worse prognosis than in older patients and others showing no difference. The current study compared two groups of patients who had surgical resection for colorectal adenocarcinoma. METHODS: The case group was composed of 34 patients younger than 40 (34 ± 4) years. Detailed pathologic prognosis factors, tumor cell proliferation measured by proliferating cell nuclear antigen, survival, family history, and predisposing conditions were analyzed. Results were compared with a control group constituted of 34 patients older than 65 (75 ± 6) years matched by gender, cancer site, and Dukes stage. RESULTS: Tumor differentiation, presence of vascular and perineural neoplastic invasion, tumor growth pattern, tumor cell proliferation measured by proliferating cell nuclear antigen count, and survival according to the Kaplan-Meier method were not significantly different between younger and older patients. The only difference between the two groups was a higher prevalence of family history and predisposing conditions for colorectal cancer in younger patients (23vs. 3 percent;P=0.03). CONCLUSION: This case-control study documents that pathologic features and prognosis of colorectal adenocarcinoma are comparable in patients younger than 40 years compared with older patients for identical stages. The higher prevalence of positive family history in younger patients suggests a different genetic background compared with older patients.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 43 (2000), S. 1206-1212 
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Fistula-in-ano ; Recurrence ; Incontinence ; Quality of life ; Lifestyle ; Satisfaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: The surgical treatment of fistula-in-ano frequently results in recurrence of the fistula or postoperative anal incontinence. Despite these problems, most patients are satisfied with the results of their surgery. To clarify this apparent discrepancy, we attempted to identify factors that affect patient's lifestyles and may contribute to their satisfaction. METHODS: A questionnaire was mailed to 624 patients surgically treated for cryptoglandular fistula-in-ano at the University of Minnesota during a five-year period. Three hundred seventy-five patients returned their questionnaires. Patients who were followed up for a minimum of one year were included in this retrospective study. Associations between postoperative complications and patient satisfaction were identified by chi-squared tests and multiple logistic regression. Attributable fractions for patient dissatisfaction were calculated using study population dissatisfaction rates. RESULTS: Patient satisfaction was strongly associated with fistula recurrence, difficulty holding gas, soiling of undergarment, and accidental bowel movements. Effects of incontinence on patient quality of life were also significantly associated with patient satisfaction as was the number of lifestyle activities affected by incontinence. Patients with fistula recurrence reported a higher dissatisfaction rate (61 percent) than did patients with anal incontinence (24 percent), but the attributable fraction of dissatisfaction for incontinence (84 percent) was greater than that for fistula recurrence (33 percent). Patient satisfaction was not significantly associated with age, gender, history of previous fistula surgery, type of fistula, surgical procedure, time since surgery, or operating surgeon. CONCLUSION: Patient satisfaction after surgical treatment for fistula-in-ano is associated with recurrence of the fistula, the development of anal incontinence, and with the effects of anal incontinence on patient lifestyle. In our series of patients treated mainly with laying open of the fistula tract, patients with fistula recurrence had a higher dissatisfaction rate than did patients with anal incontinence. However, because anal incontinence was more prevalent than fistula recurrence, a higher fraction of dissatisfaction was attributable to anal incontinence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    ISSN: 1534-4681
    Keywords: Quality of life ; Cystectomy ; Urinary diversion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: In this study, we used a previously well-validated survey to assess the impact of different forms of urinary diversion on overall quality of life in patients with bladder cancer. Methods: A total of 92 patients, having three different forms of urinary diversion after radical cystectomy, completed by mail the SF-36, a validated quality-of-life survey. All patients had local(regional disease at the time of cystectomy and are currently without evidence of disease. Completed surveys were then analyzed into physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) component quality-of-life scores per published protocols. Results were then compared with published age-based norms. Results: A total of 38 men who had cystectomy and ileal neobladder had a mean PCS (6SD) of 48.4 (7.8) and a mean MCS of 51.0 (7.4); 16 men and women who had cystectomy and Indiana Pouch had a mean PCS of 48.4 (8.9) and a mean MCS of 55.7 (3.8). None of these results is statistically different from published age- and sex-based population norms. Thirty-eight men who had cystectomy and ileal conduit had a mean PCS of 41.4 (8.5) and a mean MCS of 48.2 (10.7). The PCS is not statistically different from the population-based norm; however, the MCS is significantly decreased from the published norm (P 5.01). Conclusions: Patients with ileal conduits have significantly decreased mental health quality of life whereas patients with continent urinary diversions do not. Therefore, when not medically contraindicated, patients should be offered a continent diversion as the diversion of choice after cystectomy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    ISSN: 1534-4681
    Keywords: Gastric cancer ; Younger patients ; Elderly patients ; Comparative study ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: Gastric cancer is one of the most common gastrointestinal malignancies worldwide. Some studies have suggested that it has a worse prognosis in young than in elderly patients. Methods: All young and elderly patients treated for gastric adenocarcinoma during the period 1988 to 1994 in a tertiary referral center in Mexico City were included. Demographic, clinical, and pathologic features of young patients (less than 40 years of age) with gastric cancer were compared with those of elderly patients (70 years of age or older) with the same diagnosis. Overall survival was the main outcome measure. Results: There were 38 patients in each group. The mean age of the young and elderly groups was 33 and 77 years, respectively. Family history of gastric cancer was reported by 6 patients of the younger group and by 1 patient in the older group (P 〈 .05). Most patients in both groups were symptomatic and had an advanced stage of the disease. With a mean follow-up of 17 months, the overall median survival for all patients was 12 months. By group, the median survival was 13 and 12 months for the young and elderly patients, respectively (P = .38). Variables with significant impact on survival were the stage of the disease, possibility of surgical resection, location of the tumor, and a family history of gastric cancer. Conclusions: Young patients represent a significant proportion of patients with gastric cancer in Hispanic populations. There were no significant differences in clinicopathological characteristics and outcome of gastric adenocarcinoma between young and elderly patients. Survival was determined by the stage of the tumor and the possibility of complete surgical resection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of surgical oncology 7 (2000), S. 520-525 
    ISSN: 1534-4681
    Keywords: Proximal gastric third ; Adenocarcinoma ; Total gastrectomy ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: The incidence of proximal gastric third carcinoma (PGC) has been rising in recent years. Classification and surgical therapy remain controversial. Methods: Between May 1986 and October 1997, 532 patients were operated for primary gastric carcinoma. All patient data were analyzed retrospectively comparing findings in patients with PGC and those with distal gastric carcinoma (DGC). Results: Two hundred fifty patients had a PGC, and 282 patients had a DGC. The rate of R0 resections was 79.3% for PGC and 81.6% for DGC. In 93.9% of the patients with PGC total gastrectomy was performed; for DGC total gastrectomy was done in 74.5% of patients. Postoperative morbidity and mortality were 29.2% for PGC and 23.8% for DGC, and 3.2% for PGC and 3.5% for DGC, respectively. Patients with advanced tumor stages (stage III and IV) were more common in the PGC group (73.3% vs. 53.6% in DGC). After R0 resection, the 5-year survival rate was 33.2% for PGC and 59.7% for DGC. Conclusions: There was no significant difference between the rates of R0 resections for PGC and DGC. Total gastrectomy can be performed with low postoperative morbidity and mortality. PGC and DGC represent the same tumor entity, and prognosis is similar, but due to more advanced tumor stages, the long-term survival is worse for patients with PGC than for those with DGC. Left retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy may be indicated for PGC.
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  • 19
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    Diseases of the colon & rectum 43 (2000), S. 650-655 
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Loop ileostomy ; Loop colostomy ; Quality of life ; Stoma complications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: The hypothesis is that the impact of a temporary stoma on a patient's daily life is determined by complications and related stoma care problems. METHOD: A prospective clinical trial was performed, studying complications and social well-being of 37 patients with loop ileostomy and 39 patients with a loop colostomy (randomly assigned comparison). Patients were categorized according to degree of social restriction. The association between the degree of social restriction and the presence of stoma care problems and complications was assessed. Follow-up was scheduled every three months until the stoma was closed (94 percent). RESULTS: There is no relation between stoma type (ileostomy or colostomy) and degree of social restriction (chi-squared test,P=0.42). The more stoma care problems or complications seen, the higher the degree of social restriction: significantly more stoma care problems were seen in the completely isolated group of patients when compared with the patients who were less socially restricted (Spearman correlation coefficient 1=0.35,P=0.003). Especially stoma leakage, peristomal skin irritation, dietary prescriptions, retraction, and prolapse of the stoma have significant impact on the patient's daily life. CONCLUSION: Stoma surgery has a great influence on a patient's daily life. There is a clear relation between the number of stoma care problems and the degree of social restriction. Follow-up of stoma patients under close surveillance of stoma care nurse to minimize stoma care problems and a careful surgical technique are advocated for good stoma care.
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  • 20
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    Diseases of the colon & rectum 43 (2000), S. 1227-1236 
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Rectal cancer ; Apoptosis ; p53 ; bcl-2 ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Survival
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of the apoptotic index for recurrence and disease-free survival after curative surgery for rectal cancer, particularly in relation to clinicopathologic variables, p53− and bcl-2 expression. METHODS: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples of rectal carcinomas resected curatively within a five-year period were used (N=160). Apoptotic cells with fragmented DNA were detected by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphatase-biotin nick-end-labeling method. The ratio of apoptotic tumor cells (in percent) was classified into low apoptotic index (less than 10 percent) and high apoptotic index (10 percent or more). Immunohistochemical analysis was performed using monoclonal antibodies (DO-1 for p53 and clone 124 for bcl-2). Statistics included univariate and multivariate analysis, and survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Seventy-five percent of tumors showed a low apoptotic index, and 25 percent had a high apoptotic index. No correlation was found between apoptotic index and International Union Against Cancer stage (P〉0.05). However, significant correlations were documented with histologic differentiation (mean apoptotic index, 5.74 percent in moderatelyvs. 3.98 percent in poorly differentiated carcinomas; P=0.0173), lymph node involvement (mean apoptotic index, 6.11 percent in pN1vs. 3.72 percent in pN2; P=0.0074), p53 status (mean apoptotic index, 6.26 percent in p53−vs. 4.42 percent in p53+; P=0.0085), and bcl-2 expression (mean apoptotic index, 5.13 percent in bcl-2−vs. 6.51 percent in bcl-2+; P=0.0418). Tumors of the lower rectum had a lower apoptotic index than those of the upper rectum (P=0.0277). Neither univariate nor multivariate analysis assessed apoptotic index as predictor of prognosis: Recurrence rates did not differ between tumors related to apoptotic index (22 percent with low apoptotic indexvs. 15 percent with high apoptotic index; P〉0.05), and no significant differences were found regarding survival (P〉0.05). On multivariate analysis, International Union Against Cancer stage (P=0.0002), p53 (P=0.0002), gender (P=0.0136), and bcl-2 (P=0.0243) were independent predictors of recurrence. These variables, except for bcl-2, were also independently related to disease-free survival. CONCLUSIONS: Reflecting tumor biology, apoptotic index as single variable showed no prognostic significance, whereas p53 was an independent predictor for both recurrence and survival, and bcl-2 was independently related to recurrence, but not to survival. Clinically, International Union Against Cancer stage and gender were independent prognostic factors after curative surgery for rectal cancer.
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  • 21
    ISSN: 1534-4681
    Keywords: Colorectal hepatic metastases ; Liver neoplasm ; Liver resection ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: Hepatic resection is potentially curative in selected patients with colorectal metastases. It is a widely held practice that multiple colorectal hepatic metastases are not resected, although outcome after removal of four or more metastases is not well defined. Methods: Patients with four or more colorectal hepatic metastases who submitted to resection were identified from a prospective database. Number of metastases was determined by serial sectioning of the gross specimen at the time of resection. Demographic data, tumor characteristics, complications, and survival were analyzed. Results: From August 1985 to September 1998, 155 patients with four or more metastatic tumors (range 4–20) underwent potentially curative resection by extended hepatectomy (39%), lobectomy (42%), or multiple segmental resections (19%). Operative morbidity and mortality were 26% and 1%, respectively. Actuarial 5-year survival was 23% for the entire group (median 5 32 months) and there were 12 actual 5-year survivors. On multivariate analysis, only number of hepatic tumors (P = .005) and the presence of a positive margin (P = .003) were independent predictors of poor survival. Conclusions: Hepatic resection in patients with four or more colorectal metastases can achieve long-term survival although the results are less favorable as the number of tumors increases. Number of hepatic metastases alone should not be used as a sole contraindication to resection, but it is clear that the majority of patients will not be cured after resection of multiple lesions.
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  • 22
    ISSN: 1436-3305
    Keywords: Key words EGC ; Prognosis ; Treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background. During the 1970s, a special type of Gastric Cancer with excellent prognosis (early gastric cancer; EGC) was identified by the Japanese Research Society for Gastric Cancer. EGC has been defined as a tumor which invades the mucosa and/or submucosa, regardless of the lymph node status. Using this definition, we identified an initial phase of tumor development which could be treated both endoscopically and surgically. Methods. We examined 412 EGC patients, recruited between 1976 and 1999, with an average follow-up of 9 years. All tumors were classified according to the macroscopic and microscopic criteria proposed by the Japanese Society of Gastroenterological Endoscopy (JSGE) and Lauren, respectively. The infiltrative growth pattern was evaluated according to Kodama's classification. Only tumor-related death was considered as an end-point of interest for the survival analysis. Results. Submucosal tumors (P = 0.008), Pen A (see definition below) type disease (P = 0.0001), and lymph node-positive cancers (P = 0.0002) were significant prognostic factors on univariate analysis. Moreover, bivariate analysis showed that the worst prognosis, in terms of survival, was for patients with nodal involvment, submucosal invasion, and node-positive and Pen-A type cancer. The abbreviation Pen, penetrating, indicates a lesion with a diameter of less than 4 cm, which invades the submucosa diffusely. Pen A type EGC represents a subgroup of tumors which infiltrates the submucosa extensively, with nodular masses, causing the complete destruction of the muscularis mucosae. Conclusion. In our series, Pen A type was an important prognostic factor (hazard ratio; HR, 8.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.49–19.86. For this reason, we believe it is important to evaluate the infiltration into the wall in all patients with EGC, paying particular attention to the growth pattern of the neoplasm. Moreover, submucosal Pen A type tumors had a considerably worse prognosis and this finding was reinforced when lymph node metastases coexisted. We suggest, therefore, that surgical treatment with at least a D2 lymphadenectomy is performed in all these patients, as the lesions must be considered to be advanced, no longer being EGC.
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  • 23
    ISSN: 1436-3305
    Keywords: Key words Tumor marker ; CEA ; CA19-9 ; Gastric cancer ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background. This clinicopathological study evaluated the utility of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 as predictors of locoregional recurrence and long-term disease-free survival in patients with gastric cancer. Methods. During the period January 1989 to December 1994, 485 patients with primary gastric cancer were evaluated. Gastrectomies were performed in 434 patients. Prognostic factors were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate analysis, using Cox regression. Results. Elevated serum CEA and CA19-9 levels were observed in 92 of the 485 patients (19.0%), and in 95 of the 435 patients (21.8%), respectively, and both markers were elevated in 29 of these 435 patients (6.7%). Elevated serum CEA and CA19-9 levels correlated well with lymph node metastasis, lymphatic invasion, vessel invasion, stage grouping, depth of invasion, and curability. Patients with elevated serum CEA levels were at significantly higher risk of having all recurrence factors than were those with normal serum CEA levels. Patients with elevated serum CA19-9 levels were at significantly higher risk of having peritoneal metastases and distant metastases than were those with normal serum CA19-9 levels. A significant difference in the cumulative survival curves of patients was demonstrated between those with elevated and those with normal serum CEA or CA19-9 levels, even for patients at the same disease stage (stage III). Patients with elevated levels of both markers had a significantly worse prognosis than patients in whom the levels of both markers were normal. In patients who underwent gastrectomy, elevated serum CEA levels either preoperatively or within 3 weeks after gastrectomy were associated with significantly worse prognosis than were normal levels. When the cutoff level of serum CEA was increased to 10 ng/ml, serum CEA, age, lymph node metastasis, and surgical stage grouping were selected as independent prognostic factors by multivariate analysis of 14 prognostic factors, using Cox regression. Conclusion. Serum CEA and CA19-9 levels provide additional prognostic information in patients with primary gastric cancer. In particular, an elevated serum CEA level provides additional prognostic information and is a useful indicator of curability in patients who undergo gastrectomy. Serum CEA level is an independent prognostic factor in patients with primary gastric cancer.
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  • 24
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    Trauma und Berufskrankheit 2 (2000), S. S154 
    ISSN: 1436-6274
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Hinteres Kreuzband ; Isolierte Ruptur ; Therapie ; Prognose ; Key words ; Posterior cruciate ligament ; Isolated tears ; Treatment ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The treatment of injuries to the PCL is still controversial. There are still no answers to many questions on the biomechanics of PCL, the natural history of PCL injury, the surgical technique of PCL reconstruction and the biology of PCL healing. It is well established that primary repair of bony avulsions of the PCL provides good static and functional results. PCL tears should also be treated surgically in combined knee ligament injuries. For isolated midsubstance tears of the PCL, however, no prospective randomised long-term studies are available to date demonstrating that surgical treatment with current techniques leads to better results than nonoperative, functional treatment. Nonoperative management is advocated because the knee instability following isolated PCL midsubstance tear is only moderate, the natural history has been seen to end in acceptable functional stability, knee proprioception is preserved, and the incidence of late osteoarthritis is low.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Behandlung von Rupturen des hinteren Kreuzbands wird international noch immer kontrovers diskutiert. Zahlreiche Fragen zur funktionellen Anatomie, zum Spontanverlauf nach Ruptur, zur chirurgischen Technik sowie zum Heilungsverlauf sind unbeantwortet. Gesichert ist, daß die primäre operative Versorgung von knöchernen Ausrissen des hinteren Kreuzbands zu guten Ergebnissen führt. Bei kombinierten Knieinstabilitäten sollte das verletzte hintere Kreuzband auch operativ versorgt werden. Für die isolierte, interligamentäre Ruptur des hinteren Kreuzbands konnte bisher jedoch mit keiner prospektiven, randomisierten Langzeitstudie bewiesen werden, daß die heutigen Operationsverfahren reproduzierbar zu besseren Ergebnissen führen als die konservativ-funktionelle Behandlung. Für die konservative Therapie sprechen die nur mäßige Instabilität nach isolierter Ruptur des hinteren Kreuzbands, der günstige Spontanverlauf und der Erhalt der Propriozeption des Kniegelenks sowie die im Verlauf nur geringe Arthroserate.
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  • 25
    ISSN: 1436-2813
    Keywords: Key Words Adenosquamous carcinoma ; Remnant stomach ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report herein the case of a 59-year-old man found to have adenosquamous carcinoma of the remnant stomach which demonstrated rapid progression. The patient was admitted to our hospital to undergo surgery for a papillary tumor of the remnant stomach. Total resection of the remnant stomach with lymph node dissection was performed, and pathological examination confirmed a diagnosis of adenosquamous carcinoma with invasion into the muscularis propria and lymph node metastasis around the perigastric areas. Multiple liver metastases were found 6 months after the operation, for which a right hepatectomy was performed with curative intent; however, he died 2 months later due to lymphangitis carcinomatosa of the lung.
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  • 26
    ISSN: 1436-3305
    Keywords: Key words Hypergastrinemia ; Carcinoid tumor ; Prognosis ; Autoimmune gastritis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Gastric carcinoid tumors associated with chronic atrophic gastritis type A have been reported to show good prognosis, because invasion and metastasis are rare. We report a case of gastric carcinoid tumor associated with hypergastrinemia that showed no malignant changes for 12 years. A 15-year-old man with abdominal discomfort underwent endoscopic examination. A polypoid lesion was detected on the atrophic mucosa of the fundus, and was diagnosed as a carcinoid tumor. Serological examination revealed a high level of anti-parietal-cell antibody, suggesting that the patient had chronic atrophic gastritis type A. The tumor was treated by endoscopic mucosal resection. Follow-up examinations were performed for 12 years, but showed no recurrence. This case confirms that gastric carcinoid tumors associated with chronic atrophic gastritis type A may have a good prognosis.
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  • 27
    ISSN: 1436-3305
    Keywords: Key words Stomach ; Cancer ; Gastric cancer ; Lymph node metastasis ; Prognosis ; Survival
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background. Although many authors have investigated the prognostic factors of gastric cancer, there are few comprehensive studies on the prognosis of patients with extensive lymph node metastasis. The aim of this study was to clarify the prognostic factors of gastric cancer with extragastric lymph node metastasis, using multivariate analysis. Methods. The study population consisted of 121 patients who had undergone radical gastrectomy and extended lymph node dissection (D2, D3) for gastric cancer with extragastric lymph node metastasis. We examined 18 clinicopathologic factors, including the type of gastrectomy, tumor size, depth of wall invasion, status of lymph node metastasis, and stage of disease. Survival rates were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier and Mantel-Cox methods, and multivariate analysis was done using the Cox proportional hazards model. Results. The overall 5-year survival rate was 32%, and the 5-year survival rate after curative gastrectomy was 37%. Overall survival rate was associated with the type of gastrectomy, stage of disease, operative curability, tumor size, depth of wall invasion, and anatomical distribution of positive nodes, whereas the survival rate after curative gastrectomy was correlated with the type of gastrectomy, stage of disease, tumor size, gross type, and depth of wall invasion. Independent prognostic factors were operative curability and depth of wall invasion, and survival after curative gastrectomy was influenced only by the depth of wall invasion (mucosa and submucosa [T1], muscularis and subserosa [T2] vs serosa [T3]). Conclusion. In patients with gastric cancer with extragastric lymph node metastasis, independent prognostic factors after gastrectomy were operative curability and depth of wall invasion. Long-term survival can be achieved when the patients have no serosal invasion (T1, T2) and are treated by curative gastrectomy.
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  • 28
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Keywords AgNORs ; Standardised AgNOR analysis ; Parathyroid tumour ; Proliferation ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Prediction of evolution of secondary hyperplasia and tumours of the parathyroid glands is still a problem in histopathology. To assess whether the quantity of silver-stained nucleolar organiser region (AgNOR) proteins might be used as a prognostic tool in parathyroid pathology, a standardised AgNOR analysis has been performed on 19 cases of parathyroid hyperplasia caused by secondary hyperparathyroidism (PH), 8 cases of adenoma (PA) and 10 cases of carcinoma (PC). Clinico-pathological data and follow-up information were available. On formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections, the visualisation and quantification of AgNORs were achieved according to the 1995 guidelines of the Committee on AgNOR Quantification. Then, the mean area (square micrometres) of AgNORs per nucleus (NORA) was evaluated by means of an image analyser and specific softwares. After testing the normal distribution of NORA values, statistical parametric tests were utilised; Kaplan-Meier and Cox multivariate analyses were also performed. In parathyroid lesions, a progressive increase of mean NORA values was observed from PH (2.895 µm2; SE 0.171) through PA (3.638 µm2; SE 0.125) to PC (4.701 µm2; SE 0.179); these differences were highly significant (P〈0.001), although some degree of overlap was found among single NORA values. A significantly higher mean NORA value was revealed in PC with distant metastases than was noted in cases with no current clinical evidence of disease progression. Furthermore, a significantly (P〈0.001) higher mean NORA value was encountered in the group of PH with recurrences (3.600 µm2; SE 0.106) than in nonrecurrent PH (2.261 µm2; SE 0.087). Multivariate analyses indicated that the NORA value was an independent prognostic parameter determining the risk of recurrence in PH. We suggest that AgNOR quantity may be a promising additional tool for predicting the biological behaviour of parathyroid lesions.
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  • 29
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    Ethik in der Medizin 12 (2000), S. 139-153 
    ISSN: 1437-1618
    Keywords: Key words: Motion pictures ; Medical ethics ; Physician-patient relationship ; Truth disclosure ; Informed consent ; Third-party consent ; Quality of life ; Euthanasia ; Terminally ill ; Schlüsselwörter: Film ; Medizinethik ; Arzt-Patient Beziehung ; Aufklärung ; Wahrheit sagen ; informed consent ; Lebensqualität ; Sterbehilfe ; Heilversuche
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Philosophy
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Filme erzählen Geschichten. Spannungsvoll sind dabei vor allem jene Szenen, in denen Menschen vor Entscheidungskonflikte gestellt werden. Medizinethische Konflikte tauchen dabei nicht nur in Arztserien oder Krankheitsdarstellungen auf, sondern häufig in Genres, in denen diese Thematik kaum vermutet wird: Komödien, Western, Liebesfilmen, Gangster- und Kriminalfilmen. Indem Filme derartige Konflikte inszenieren und Lösungen bieten, greifen sie auf moralische Werthaltungen zurück und sind zugleich Seismographen für die gesellschaftliche Relevanz medizinethischer Themenfelder. Allerdings können im Film ethische Prinzipien der Entscheidungsfindung der Dramaturgie der Handlung zum Opfer fallen. Eine Analyse der dargestellten Konfliktsituationen ähnelt einer medizinethischen Fallbesprechung und stellt eine hilfreiche Ergänzung für die Vermittlung analytischer und kommunikativer Kompetenzen dar.
    Notes: Abstract. Movies tell stories. Thrilling are especially those situations, when people have to make ethical decisions. Issues of medical ethics crop up not only in hospital series, but often in genres where this subject is hardly to be supposed: comedies, westerns, love stories and gangster movies. Enacting these conflicts means offering a solution, and in doing so films refer to moral values and – at the same time – function as seismographs for the social relevance of bioethical topics. But it is possible that ethical principles of good decision-making fall victims to the drama of the story. Analysis of the portrayed conflict is similar to a case discussion in bioethics and represents a helpful adjunct to the procurement of analytical and communicative competences.
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  • 30
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Key words erbB-3 ; Colorectal carcinoma ; Survival ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background/aims: The family of erbB receptors includes four transmembrane glycoproteins with tyrosine kinase activity. These receptors are widely expressed in normal tissues, but they also have been implicated in the development of several human adenocarcinomas. c-erbB-3/HER-3 has been detected to a greater or lesser extent in many tissues from the digestive, urinary, reproductive and respiratory tracts. The overexpression of c-erbB-3/HER-3 protein has also been shown in 53%–88% of colorectal adenocarcinomas. In this study we investigated the expression of the c-erbB-3/HER-3 gene product in colorectal tumour samples, and compared the results obtained with several clinicopathological parameters, including the survival of patients. Methods: Paraffin-embedded tissue sections were analysed immunohistochemically, using monoclonal antibody RTJ1 to human erbB-3 protein. Antibody RTJ1 specificity was confirmed by immunoprecipitation followed by Western blotting analysis. Amplification of the erbB-3 oncogene was tested by dot-blot hybridization. Results: Adenocarcinomas of the colon were positive for erbB-3 protein in 78% of samples examined. Dot-blot analysis showed no amplification of the erbB-3 gene in colon adenocarcinomas. Statistical analysis showed that patients with tumours that could not be stained for erbB-3 protein survived significantly longer (P 〈 0.05) than patients with tumours staining positive for the erbB-3 protein. A Cox proportional-hazards model with stepwise variable selection identified age, sex and erbB-3 expression as important prognostic factors. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that erbB-3 protein expression could serve as a prognostic factor in colorectal malignancies.
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  • 31
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    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 126 (2000), S. 48-52 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Key words Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ; p53 protein ; WAF1 protein ; Lung cancer ; Prognosis ; AbbreviationsNSCLC non-small-cell lung cancer ; RR relative risk
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purpose: p21WAF1, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, is an important mediator of the cell-cycle arrest and tumor suppression induced by the protein p53. Although alterations of the p53 gene and its overexpression are frequent in most malignancies, including non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and may be associated with poor patient prognosis, the clinical utility of p21WAF1 expression in NSCLC has not been established. Methods: We have used a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit for p21WAF1 to test soluble extracts of 54 NSCLC specimens with known clinicopathological properties. Results: There was no correlation between p21WAF1 and p53 concentrations, the latter being determined by a time-resolved immunofluorometric assay developed in-house. Furthermore, p21WAF1 levels were not associated with patient age, tumor/node/metastasis (TNM) stage, lymph node metastasis, histological grade or type, or smoking history, in Mann-Whitney analysis. χ2-tests, based on cutoffs equal to the 25th, 50th, or 75th percentiles of the p21WAF1 distribution, similarly did not reveal any statistically significant associations between p21WAF1 and other clinicopathological variables. Because of the small number of patients and the median follow-up of only 18 months, a meaningful survival analysis could not be performed. Conclusion: In summary, this preliminary study suggests that ELISA-quantified p21WAF1 levels in NSCLC extracts are weaker than p53 in terms of prognostic value and do not contribute to the further subclassification of patients.
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  • 32
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    Der Ophthalmologe 97 (2000), S. 121-125 
    ISSN: 1433-0423
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Postoperative Endophthalmitis ; Prognose ; Visus ; Bakterien-Kultur ; Verlaufsform ; Key words Postoperative endophthalmitis ; Prognosis ; Visual acuity ; Microbiology culture ; Onset of endophthalmitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Background: The outcome of 20 patients is summarized in a retrospective study to identify clinical findings that influence the long-term prognosis of postoperative endophthalmitis. Patients: Between 1991 and 1997 a total of 20 patients with postoperative endophthalmitis were admitted. Median age was 80 years (range: 9–95), 11 patients were male, 9 female. Sixteen pars-plana vitrectomies, 2 anterior vitrectomies and 2 rinsings of the anterior chamber without vitrectomy were performed. Furthermore, all patients received intraocular and systemic antibiotic treatment. For microbiological investigation, specimens from vitreous, anterior chamber and conjunctiva were sent in. Long-term outcome was controlled for an average of 14 months after treatment of the endophthalmitis (range: 4–36 months). Results: At the end of treatment, 40% of patients had a visual acuity of 0.4 or better, 80% had 1/20 or better. Patients with a preoperative visual acuity of at least hand movement had a better postoperative visual outcome than patients with only light perception. Visual acuity was better in patients with chronic endophthalmitis than in patients with acute or subacute endophthalmitis. In patients with chronic or subacute endophthalmitis, improvement of visual acuity was found some months after the operation more often than in patients with acute endophthalmitis. However, in 40% of cases with an acute onset, no improvement or even worsening of the visual acuity was documented. Best postoperative results were found after infection with Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes. Conclusion: Important prognostic factors of postoperative endophthalmitis are visual acuity, the onset of the endophthalmitis (acute, subacute or chronic) and the microbiological findings. At the time of surgery and antibiotic treatment, visual acuity should be at least hand motion to expect an improvement in the visual outcome.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Fragestellung: Im Rahmen einer retrospektiven Studie sollte das Patientengut mit postoperativer Endophthalmitis bezüglich prognostischer Gesichtspunkte ausgewertet werden. Patienten und Methode: 20 Patienten (9 weiblich, 11 männlich), im Alter von 9–95 Jahren (Median 80 Jahre) mit postoperativer Endophthalmitis wurden im Zeitraum von 1991 bis 1997 in unserer Klinik behandelt. 16mal wurde eine Pars-plana-Vitrektomie (PpV) durchgeführt, weiterhin 2 vordere Vitrektomien und 2 Vorderkammerspülungen ohne Vitrektomie. Alle Patienten erhielten intraokular und systemisch Antibiotika. Der postoperative Beobachtungszeitraum betrug 4 bis 36 Monate (im Durchschnitt 14,0). Die mikrobiologische Untersuchung umfaßte Kulturen von Glaskörper, Vorderkammer und Bindehaut. Ergebnisse: Bei 80% der Patienten war der letzte Visus 1/20 und besser, bei 40% mindestens 0,4. Bei einem präoperativen Visus von mindestens Handbewegung (HB) war der postoperative Visus besser als bei einem schlechteren Ausgangsvisus (Lichtschein). Die chronischen Endophthalmitiden hatten ein besseres Visusergebnis als die akuten und subakuten Endophthalmitiden. Bei den chronischen und subakuten Verläufen war häufiger als bei den akuten Verläufen noch ein Visusanstieg in den ersten Monaten nach der Operation möglich. Bei 40% der akuten Verläufe stagnierte der Visusanstieg, oder der Visus wurde schlechter. Der postoperative Visus war bei Staphylococcus epidermidis- und Propionibacterium acnes-Infektionen am besten. Schlußfolgerung: Prognostische Faktoren der postoperativen Endophthalmitis sind der Visus, das Kulturergebnis und die Verlaufsform (akut, subakut, chronisch). Zum Zeitpunkt der Operation und der intravitrealen Antibiotikagabe sollte der Visus nicht schlechter als Handbewegungen sein, um postoperativ einen besseren Visus zu erreichen.
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  • 33
    ISSN: 1433-0458
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Plattenepithelkarzinom ; Kopf-Hals-Bereich ; CGH ; Prognose ; Cox-Regression ; Key words Squamous cell carcinoma ; Head and neck region ; CGH ; Prognosis ; Cox regression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract In individual patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), established prognostic factors do not satisfactorily predict clinical outcome. For the first time we investigated a total of 100 HNSCC by Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH) to define chromosomal alterations that are associated with the patients prognosis. Patients were followed for at latest 4 but at least 2 years after surgery or until death. During this observation period twenty-nine of them died because of cancer disease. The Kaplan-Meier method was used plotting survival curves for every single chromosomal alteration as well as every clinico-pathological parameter. The curves were tested for significance by the log rank as well as the Breslow test. Significance of particular prognostic parameters was then evaluated by the Cox regression model. The overall survival time as well as the recurrence free survival time were significantly lower in patients who's tumors showed amplifications of the chromosomal region 11q13 (p=0.0008 for LR and p=0.0024 for B). The survival time of the patients was also lower if the carcinomas carried overrepresentations of chromosome 3q (p=0.0299 for LR and p=0.0546 for B). Multivariate analysis (Cox's proportional hazards model) revealed both alterations as most important independent prognostic factors in HNSCC. None of the conventional clinico-pathological parameters (pT-, pN-status, UICC stage, grading) achieved statistical significance in the multivariate model. These results suggest that in HNSCC the occurence of 11q13 amplification and 3q overrepresentation are highly significant independent prognostic markers and of better value than the established TNM and grading criteria.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Prognose von Patienten mit Kopf-Hals-Karzinomen lässt sich anhand der etablierten Stagingparameter oft nur sehr ungenügend einschätzen. Auf der Suche nach neuen Markern, die den Tumorphänotyp genauer charakterisieren, wurden in der vorliegenden Studie 100 primäre Plattenepithelkarzinome des Kopf-Hals-Bereichs mit Hilfe der Comparativen Genomischen Hybridisierung (CGH) molekularzytogenetisch untersucht. Die detektierten genetischen Veränderungen (Deletionen oder DNA-Überrepräsentierungen bzw. Amplifikationen) wurden für jeden Chromosomarm aufgeschlüsselt und statistisch zusammen mit den klinisch-pathologischen Daten uni- und multivariat hinsichtlich ihrer prognostischen Aussagefähigkeit überprüft. Alle Patienten dieser Studie wurden primär operiert und in Abhängigkeit vom Tumorstadium adjuvant nachbestrahlt. In dem längstens 4-jährigen Beobachtungszeitraum waren von den 100 Patienten 29 am Tumorleiden verstorben. Die kumulierten Überlebensraten nach der Kaplan-Meier-Methode zeigten, dass sowohl die rezidiv- und metastasenfreie als auch die Gesamtüberlebenszeit signifikant kürzer ist bei Patienten, deren Tumoren eine Amplifikation der chromosomalen Region 11q13 und/oder eine DNA-Überrepräsentierung des Chromsomarms 3q aufweisen (p=0,0008 bzw. p=0,0299 im Log-Rank-Test und p=0,0024 bzw. p=0,0546 im Breslow-Test). Die Cox-Regression wurde für das rezidiv- und metastasenfreie Überleben und für das Gesamtüberleben jeweils mit den klinisch-pathologischen Parametern pT-, pN-Status, UICC-Stadium, Grading und den genetischen Markern 11q13-Amplifikation sowie 3q-Überrepräsentierung durchgeführt. Die Analyse ergab die genetischen Veränderungen im Bereich von 11q13 und 3q als die wichtigsten Marker für die Einschätzung des Überlebens, während die klinisch-pathologische Tumorklassifikation ohne prognostischen Einfluss war (bei Signifikanzniveau p〈0,05). Das Ergebnis unserer Studie eröffnet die Möglichkeit eines “genetischen Tumorgradings”, das als Zusatzinformation einer verbesserten Prognoseeinschätzung bei Kopf-Hals-Karzinomen dient.
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  • 34
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Keywords: Inguinal hernia ; Plug-and-patch repair ; Results ; Quality of life ; Geriatric ; Elderly. ; Schlüsselwörter: Leistenhernie ; Plug-und-Patch-Reparation ; Ergebnisse ; Lebensqualität ; geriatrisch ; älter.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Im Rahmen einer prospektiven Beobachtungsstudie wurden die perioperativen Ergebnisse der Plug-und-Patch-Reparation bei Patienten ≥ 65 Jahre untersucht und zusätzlich bei 34 konsekutiven Patienten die Lebensqualität vor und 3 Monate postoperativ standardisisiert mit Hilfe der Short Form (SF) 36 – einem validierten Lebensqualitätsbogen – erhoben. Von August 1994 bis Februar 1999 wurden 147 Patienten mit einem Durchschnittsalter von 73 ± 5 Jahren (65–92 Jahre) in der Plug-und-Patch-Technik zumeist in Lokalanaesthesie (LA: n = 124; 84 %, ITN: n = 23; 16 %) operiert. Die präoperativen Risikofaktoren waren vor allem Alkoholkonsum, Hypertonus, Diabetes mellitus, coronare Herzerkrankung, Nikotinkonsum, cerebrale Erkrankungen, Hyperlipidämie und pulmonale Erkrankungen. Nach anaesthesiologischer Einschätzung bestand in der Mehrzahl ein Stadium ASA II (ASA I: n = 14; 9 %, ASA II: n = 82; 56 %, ASA III: n = 51; 35 %). Die durchschnittliche Operationszeit betrug 41 ± 17 Min. (26–73). Intraoperative Komplikationen traten nicht auf, postoperative Komplikationen bestanden vor allem in oberflächlichen Wundhämatomen (n = 6; 3,7 %), und -infektionen (n = 1; 0,6 %), Seromen (n = 7; 3,8 %), Harnverhalt (n = 3; 1,8 %) sowie ilioinguinalem Schmerzsyndrom (n = 3; 1,8 %). Der postoperative Schmerzmittelbedarf betrug 4,9 ± 1,8 g Novalgin®über durchschnittlich 4 ± 3 Tage. Die Dauer des postoperativen Klinikaufenthaltes lag bei 2 ± 1 Tagen, die Einschränkung alltäglicher Verrichtungen bei 6 ± 3 Tagen. Bei der klinischen Nachuntersuchung ergab sich in allen Fällen ein regelrechter Befund ohne Hinweis auf ein Rezidiv oder Spätkomplikationen. Bei der Lebensqualität zeigte sich 3 Monate postoperativ eine signifikante Verbesserung (p 〈 0,05) in den Dimensionen: physische Funktion, Schmerz, Vitalität und soziale Funktion im Vergleich zu den präoperativen Werten. Tendentiell günstiger aber nicht signifikant waren postoperativ die Dimensionen Rolleneinschränkung sowie psychische und globale Gesundheit.
    Notes: Abstract. In a prospective study the perioperative results of plug-and-patch repair were investigated in patients ≥ 65 years, and quality of life was assessed using the SF36 preoperatively and 3 months after the procedure in 34 consecutive patients. From August 1994 to February 1999 147 patients with a mean age of 73 ± 5 years (65–92 years) were operated on using the plug-and-patch technique, mostly under local anesthesia (LA: n = 124, 84 %, ITN: n = 23, 16 %). Preoperative risk factors were alcohol consumption, hypertonus, diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, smoking, cerebrovascular disease, hyperlipidaemia and pulmonary disease. Most of the patients were ASA II (ASA I: n = 14, 9 %, ASA II: n = 82, 56 %, ASA III: n = 51, 35 %). No intraoperative complications occurred, postoperative complications consisted of superficial wound hematoma (n = 6, 3.7 %) and infection (n = 1, 0.6 %), seroma (n = 7, 3.8 %), urinary retention (n = 3, 1.8 %) and ilioguinal pain syndrome (n = 3, 3.8 %). The total amount of postoperative analgesic consumption was 4.9 ± 1.8 g Novalgin for about 4 ± 3 days. The duration of postoperative hospitalization was 2 ± 1 days and limitation of daily activities 6 ± 3 days. Clinical examinations after 3 months revealed no recurrence or late complications. Investigation of quality of life showed a significant improvement in the SF36 domains of physical activity, pain, vitality, and social functioning after the operation. No significant change was observed for physical, emotional, and global health.
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  • 35
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    Der Chirurg 71 (2000), S. 1132-1137 
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter: Polytrauma ; Lebensqualität ; demographische Prädikatoren ; therapieabhängige Prädikatoren. ; Keywords: Multiple trauma ; Quality of life ; Demographic factors ; Injury related factors.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract. This study investigated multiple trauma patients, who were injured between 1991 and 1995 and treated in our department. The aim of this study was to identify the determinants of quality of life after multiple trauma. From a total of 186 patients 173 (93 %) were examined. The patients were asked to rate their quality of life according to the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) and to a visual analogue scale (VAS). The VAS and the NHP isolated the age of the patients, the duration of artificial respiration, and the duration of rehabilitation as the predictors for a reduced overall quality of life. These results show that quality of life after multiple trauma not only depends on the severity of injury but also on demographic and psychosocial factors.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung. Ziel dieser Studie war es, Prädikatoren zu identifizieren, die die erreichbare Lebensqualität polytraumatisierter Patienten nach Abschluß ihrer klinischen und rehabilitativen Therapie determinieren. Es wurden 173 Patienten nachuntersucht, die in den Jahren 1991–1995 ein Polytrauma per definitionem erlitten hatten. Die posttraumatische Lebensqualität der Patienten wurde mit den international etablierten Meßinstrumenten Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) und einer visuellen Analogskala (VAS) bewertet. Über die VAS und den NHP ließen sich global das Alter der Patienten zum Zeitpunkt der Polytraumatisierung, die Beatmungsdauer und die Rehabilitationsdauer als hochsignifikante Determinanten der posttraumatischen Lebensqualität differenzieren. Diese Ergebnisse zeigen, daß die erreichbare Lebensqualität nach Polytrauma nicht nur von der Schwere der Verletzungen, sondern auch von vorbestehenden, therapeutisch nicht zu beeinflussenden demographischen und psychosozialen Daten abhängig ist.
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  • 36
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Morbus Parkinson ; Neuropsychologie ; Psychologische Tests ; Lebensqualität ; Keywords Parkinson's disease ; Neuropsychology ; Psychological tests ; Quality of life
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In addition to the motor symptoms of Morbus Parkinson, a number of cognitive and emotional changes take place. The diagnosis of these concomitant symptoms has received increasing attention in research and clinical practice. Global rating scales offer economical advantages but generally do not satisfy the requirements of psychometric criteria, and they do not suffice in light of the multidimensional symptoms of the disease. Based on recent research results, recommendations from the CAPSIT protocol (Core Assessment Program for Surgical Interventional Therapies) for diagnosis of neurosurgically treated Parkinson's patients, and the restraints of everyday clinical work, we propose a standardized neuropsychological diagnostic routine. It includes diagnostic methods that are in use internationally and so timesaving and easily accessible that they can be considered suitable for routine diagnostics. Data comparison among various treatment centers can thus take place more easily. We have included only methods that differentiate well and whose test criteria offer a basis for thorough consultation as well as planning and evaluation of multidimensional therapy.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Neben den motorischen Symptomen treten beim Morbus Parkinson eine Reihe kognitiver und emotionaler Veränderungen auf. Die Diagnostik dieser Begleitsymptome hat in den letzten Jahren nicht nur im Bereich der Forschung, sondern auch in der klinischen Praxis zunehmend an Bedeutung gewonnen. Globale Ratingskalen genügen trotz ihrer ökonomischen Vorteile in der Regel nicht den Anforderungen psychometrischer Testgütekriterien und werden der Multidimensionalität der Erkrankung nicht gerecht. Basierend auf dem aktuellen Stand der Forschung, den Empfehlungen des CAPSIT-Protokolls zur Diagnostik neurochirurgisch behandelter Parkinsonpatienten sowie den Erfordernissen der klinischen Praxis wird eine Testbatterie zur standardisierten neuropsychologischen Routinediagnostik vorgeschlagen. Sie umfasst diagnostische Verfahren, die zeitökonomisch, gut zugänglich und international verbreitet sind, um in der Routinediagnostik eingesetzt werden zu können und den Austausch zwischen verschiedenen Zentren zu vereinfachen. Es wurden nur Verfahren berücksichtigt, deren Differenziertheit und Testgüte Grundlage für eine fundierte Beratung sein können sowie solche, die für die Planung und Evaluation einer multidimensionalen Therapie geeignet sind.
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  • 37
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    Der Nervenarzt 71 (2000), S. 822-828 
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Alkoholdelir ; Prognose ; Alkoholfolgekrankheiten ; CCT ; Liquor ; Keywords Alcohol withdrawal ; Delirium tremens ; Prognosis ; CT-scan ; Cerebrospinal fluid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract A severe course of alcohol withdrawal has been observed in 28% of patients in a neurological intensive care unit due to complicating central nerve system (CNS) diseases. In any atypical alcoholic delirium, especially with focal neurological signs, partial seizures, or decreased level of consciousness, CNS diseases like meningoencephalitis, intracranial hemorrhage, or central pontine myelinolysis must be diagnosed by computed tomography (CT) scan and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) tap. The diagnostic and prognostic value of CT scan and CSF analysis was examined in 32 persons with alcohol withdrawal syndrome or delirium tremens. Neurological complications and cerebral convulsions at the beginning of delirium tremens appear to predispose the patient to a protracted clinical course and necessary mechanical ventilation. Blood-CSF barrier permeability is increased in 70% of alcohol withdrawal patients and that also seems to be a marker of a prolonged clinical course. Cerebral atrophy as shown in CT scan does not play a role in predicting clinical course. In our experience, CT examination or lumbar puncture is not necessarily recommended if clinical signs are typical for alcohol delirium.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der Verlauf intensivmedizinisch behandelter Alkoholdelirien ist in 28% der Fälle durch eine begleitende ZNS-Erkrankung erschwert. Durch das Delir mitigierte neurologische Begleiterkrankungen, wie Meningoenzephalitiden, intrakranielle Hämatome oder eine zentrale pontine Myelinolyse können bei Vorliegen einer atypischen deliranten Symptomatik durch eine neurologische Zusatzdiagnostik mit Hilfe von CCT/MRT und Liquoranalyse ausreichend diagnostiziert werden. Der diagnostische und prognostische Wert dieser Zusatzdiagnostik wurde an 32 neurologisch-intensivmedizinisch behandelten Alkoholikern im Delir untersucht. Das Auftreten zerebraler Komplikationen korreliert dabei ebenso wie ein initialer Grand-mal-Anfall mit einem protahierten Verlauf und Beatmungspflichtigkeit. Eine Blut-Liquor-Schrankenstörung ließ sich bei 70% nachweisen. Es finden sich Hinweise für einen verlängerten Krankheitsverlauf dieser Patienten. Dem alleinigen Nachweis einer zerebralen Atrophie im CCT/MRT kommt dagegen kein prognostischer Wert hinsichtlich des Delirverlaufes zu. Ein Alkoholdelir mit jedoch typischem klinischem Bild erfordert nach unseren Ergebnissen keine bildgebende oder liquoranalytische Untersuchung.
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  • 38
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Paraneoplastische zerebelläre Degeneration ; Opsoklonus-Myoklonus-Syndrom ; Limbische Enzephalitis ; Therapie ; Prognose ; Key words Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration ; Opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome ; Limbic encephalitis ; Therapy ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes are rare diseases that occur in relation to cancer. Supporting the hypothesis of an autoimmune mechanism, specific antineuronal antibodies have sometimes been detected. The current possibilities for treatment are limited. A female patient, aged 57, suffering from a breast cancer, developed a severe paraneoplastic cerebellar syndrome and limbic encephalitis within a few weeks. It is possible that the impressive partial remission that occurred during the ensuing 6 months was not due to therapy. Although the patient was still bound to a wheelchair, discharge from hospital was possible because she was still able to perform daily tasks by herself. A recurrence of the cerebellar symptoms with mild alterations of mental status occurred 2 months later but again showed a good remission.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Paraneoplastische neurologische Syndrome sind seltene Erkrankungen in Assoziation mit einem Tumor, die bei vermutetem Autoimmunmechanismus mit antineuronalen Antikörpern einhergehen können und deren Verlauf therapeutisch nur bedingt beeinflussbar ist. Berichtet wird von einer 57-jährigen Patientin mit Mammakarzinom, die in engem zeitlichen Rahmen sowohl eine schwere paraneoplastische Zerebellopathie als auch eine limbische Enzephalitis entwickelte. In unklarem Zusammenhang zur Therapie kam es innerhalb von 6 Monaten zu einer vergleichsweisen guten Rückbildung beider Syndrome, so dass zwar noch eine partielle Rollstuhlpflichtigkeit bestand, bei weitgehender Selbständigkeit aber eine Entlassung nach Hause möglich war. Ein Rezidiv 2 Monate später mit im Vordergrund stehender zerebellärer Symptomatik verlief ebenfalls günstig.
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  • 39
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    Der Urologe 39 (2000), S. 527-529 
    ISSN: 1433-0563
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Interstitielle Zystitis ; Epidemiologie ; Inzidenz ; Prävalenz ; Lebensqualität ; Keywords Interstitial cystitis ; Epidemiology ; Incidence ; Prevalence ; Quality of life
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Available data on the epidemiology of interstitial cystitis (IC) are heterogeneous. Its prevalence ranges between 16 and 510 females/100,000 inhabitants and the incidence at 1.2–2.6/100,000 females with a mean age of 42–52 years. The disease tends to affect women (female:male ratio 9–10:1) and Caucasians (〉90%). The quality of life of patients suffering from IC is reduced to a significant degree in almost every aspect (work, social events, leisure activities). Financial expenses (medical as well as economical) associated with the disease are considerable. There is an enormous need to promote IC education and research in order to support affected patients effectively in the future.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die vorliegenden Daten zur Epidemiologie der interstitiellen Zystitis sind sehr heterogen. Die Prävalenz beträgt 16–510 Frauen/100.000 Einwohner, die Inzidenz liegt zwischen 1,2–2,6 /100.000 Frauen mit einem mittleren Alter bei Diagnosestellung von 42–52 Jahren. Die Geschlechterverteilung bevorzugt das weibliche im Verhältnis zum männlichen Geschlecht (9–10 Frauen/1 Mann) mit einer ethnischen Bevorzugung der Kaukasier (〉90%). Die Lebensqualität der betroffenen Patienten ist in fast allen Lebensbereichen (Arbeit, Soziales, Freizeit) signifikant eingeschränkt. Die Kosten (sowohl medizinisch als auch volkswirtschaftlich) sind erheblich. Es besteht ein enormer Weiterbildungs- und Forschungsbedarf, um durch einen besseren Kenntnisstand den Patient(inn)en mit IC wirkungsvoll helfen zu können.
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  • 40
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Kryptogene Temporallappenepilepsie ; MR-Spektroskopie ; Prognose ; Epilepsiechirurgie ; Key words Cryptogenic temporal lobe epilepsy ; MR spectroscopy ; Prognosis ; Epilepsy surgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The preoperative localization of pharmaco-resistent focal epilepsies before surgery and the prognosis concerning seizure outcome are both of importance. In addition to conventional MRI diagnostics for the detection of small epileptogenic lesions, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (HMR spectroscopy) can be useful for assessing the bilaterality of pathological changes in cryptogenic temporal lobe epilepsies. The technique and findings of HMR spectroscopy are reported in patients with cryptogenic temporal lobe epilepsies. The findings indicate that chemical shift imaging (CSI) investigations of the ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres provide important information for the prediction of seizure outcome after epilepsy surgery.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei der epilepsiechirurgischen Behandlung kryptogener Temporallappenepilepsien kommt neben der Lokalisation des epileptischen Fokus der Beurteilung der Prognose hinsichtlich der postoperativen Anfallskontrolle Bedeutung zu. Hierbei kann die Protonen-MR-Spektroskopie (1 HMR-Spekroskopie oder Chemical Shift Imaging CSI) nützliche Informationen liefern. Technik und Befunde des CSI im Vergleich zu einem Normkollektiv werden bei Patienten mit kryptogenen Temporallapenepilepsien dargestellt. Hierbei werden Ergebnisse der 1HMR-Spekroskopie (NAA/Cholin) und der T2-Relaxometrie mit der postoperativen Anfallskontrolle verglichen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die 1HMR-Spekroskopie mit NAA/Cholin wichtige Informationen für die Prädiktion hinsichtlich der postoperativen Anfallskontrolle liefert.
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  • 41
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    Der Orthopäde 29 (2000), S. 987-993 
    ISSN: 1433-0431
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Behinderungen ; Integration von Behinderten ; Lebensqualität ; Gesellschaftliche Einstellungen ; Sport ; Paralympiade ; Keywords Disabilities ; Integration of disabled persons ; Quality of life ; Social attitudes ; Sports ; Paralympics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract It is important to reflect back on the enormous changes that have taken place in society over the past century that have affected the quality of life of disabled persons and societal attitudes towards disability. Although great progress has been made, these people remain marginalized and disadvantaged, and despite all the efforts of volunteers, professionals, and governments, we cannot categorically state that they are fully socially integrated. The term disability continues to carry an enormous stigma, and therefore it is important to examine the concept of social integration and the issues around it as they affect disabled persons and the role of the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) movement in achieving this end.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Nach Ablauf des letzten Jahrhunderts ist es wichtig auf die enormen gesellschaftlichen Veränderungen zurückzublicken und darauf, wie dieser Wandel die gesellschaftlichen Einstellungen gegenüber Behinderungen und die Lebensqualität von Behinderten verändert hat. Obwohl große Fortschritte gemacht wurden sind Behinderte immer noch eine benachteiligte Randgruppe; trotz aller Anstrengungen von Freiwilligen, Fachpersonal und Regierungen kann man noch nicht behaupten, dass sie voll gesellschaftlich integriert sind. Der Begriff “Behinderung” beinhaltet weiterhin ein großes Stigma. Deshalb ist es wichtig, das Konzept und die verschiedenen Aspekte der sozialen Intergration von Behinderten zu prüfen und die Rolle des Internationalen Paralympischen Kommittees (IPC) zur Verwirklichung dieser Ziele darzustellen.
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  • 42
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    Der Unfallchirurg 103 (2000), S. 371-374 
    ISSN: 1433-044X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Knieendoprothese ; Lebensqualitätsgewinn ; Key words Knee endoprosthesis ; Quality of life
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract From a group of 41 consecutive patients receiving an endoprosthetic knee replacement 35 patients underwent complete pre- and postoperative documentation of life quality in the short term follow-up. The comparison of pre- and postoperative life quality assessment with the SF-36 form showed significant differences on the 5% level for the categories “somatic pain” and “psychological wellness”. The parameter “somatic functionality” showed with a P-value of 0.0616 almost significant improvement. The other parameters also showed improved values without reaching statistical significance. In summary, after implantation of a total knee replacement an improvement of life quality can be documented.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Aus einem Gesamtkollektiv von 41 nacheinander operierten Patienten konnten bei 35 Daten hinsichtlich der allgemeinen Lebensqualität im kurzfristigen Verlauf dokumentiert werden. Bei der Untersuchung der prä und post-operativen Lebensqualität mit Hilfe des SF-36-Scores zeigten sich auf dem 5-%-Niveau eine signifikante Verbesserung in den Kategorien “Körperliche Schmerzen” und “psychisches Wohlbefinden”. Mit einem P-Wert von p = 0,0616 kann eine fast signifikante Verbesserung in der körperlichen Funktionsfähigkeit konstatiert werden. Weitere 5 untersuchte Unterpunkte zeigten keine signifikante Verbesserung, jedoch bessere Werte bei den errechneten Mittelwerten. Zusammenfassend ist festzustellen, daß die Implantation einer Knieendoprothese zu einem deutlichen Gewinn in der Lebensqualität des kranken Menschen führt.
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  • 43
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    Trauma und Berufskrankheit 2 (2000), S. S57 
    ISSN: 1436-6274
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Proximale Ulnafraktur ; Olekranonfraktur ; Osteosynthese ; Prognose ; Key words ; Fracture of the proximal ulna ; Fracture of the olecranon ; Internal fixation ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of fractures of the ulna and olecranon are described. It appears that both the potential benefits of using internal fixation techniques in the proximal ulna and the olecranon and the risks involved are heavily influenced by concomitant injuries, which means that the diagnosis and appropriate treatment of these are of decisive importance for the outcome.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Pathogenese, Diagnostik, Therapie und Prognose von Ulna- und Olekranonfrakturen werden beschrieben. Dabei zeigt sich, daß die Chancen und Gefahren bei Osteosynthesen der proximalen Ulna und des Olekranons wesentlich von den Begleitverletzungen beeinflußt werden, deren Diagnose und adäquate Behandlung demzufolge für das Outcome entscheidende Bedeutung besitzt.
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  • 44
    ISSN: 1437-7772
    Keywords: Key words Gastric carcinoma ; Isolated hepatic recurrence ; Arterial infusion therapy ; Low-dose CDDP and continuous 5-FU ; Quality of life
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Patients with metachronous liver metastasis after curative resection of gastric carcinoma generally have a poor prognosis, even when recurrence is confined to the liver. We report a patient in whom hepatic arterial infusion therapy with bolus low-dose cisplatin (CDDP) and continuous 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was effective against large metastases confined to the liver. An 83-year-old man was admitted with huge liver metastases from gastric carcinoma. Intra-arterial bolus injection of low-dose CDDP (5 mg) and continuous intra-arterial infusion of 5-FU (250 mg/day for 7 days) was started. After four courses of this arterial infusion therapy, computed tomography scans revealed shrinkage of the liver metastases. He was followed-up as an outpatient and continued to receive the arterial infusion therapy once every 4 weeks. Throughout the course of the chemotherapy, a partial response of the liver metastases was maintained. The patient had an improved quality of life after starting the chemotherapy, and he survived for 16 months from the commencement of the therapy. Arterial infusion therapy with bolus low-dose CDDP and continuous 5-FU may be recommended for patients with isolated hepatic recurrence of gastric carcinoma.
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  • 45
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    International journal of clinical oncology 5 (2000), S. 217-228 
    ISSN: 1437-7772
    Keywords: Key words Colorectal carcinoma ; Cytokines ; IL-6 ; IL-10 ; Prognosis ; Survival
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Host-tumor interactions are primarily controlled by paracrine interactions between adjacent normal host cells and malignant cells. Recent evidence from experimental and clinical neoplasms indicates that neoplasms, or their products, produce levels of circulating pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines that modulate these local paracrine interactions in such a way that promotes tumor growth. This brief review focuses on several cytokines (interleukin-6, interleukin-10, transforming growth factor-beta, and vascular endothelial growth factor) that have systemic effects in experimental models and are associated with prognosis in patients with colorectal carcinoma. The primary focus of this review is on colorectal carcinoma, but implications for other malignancies are also considered. Colorectal and similar carcinomas may exert systemic control over neoplastic progression by modulating circulating levels of cytokines that then influence the growth of distant metastasis by affecting local paracrine interactions.
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  • 46
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    International journal of clinical oncology 5 (2000), S. 121-125 
    ISSN: 1437-7772
    Keywords: Key words Splenic metastasis ; Colorectal cancer ; Splenectomy ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background. The value of splenectomy for secondary splenic tumors remains unclear. The aim of this study was to disclose the clinical significance of splenectomy for colorectal cancer metastases to the spleen by reviewing our two patients and the 24 other patients reported thus far. Methods. We report two patients with splenic metastasis from colonic cancer. A review of 26 cases, including ours, was conducted. Results. One of our patients had isolated splenic metastasis and is alive with no evidence of disease 14 months after splenectomy, while the other had non-isolated splenic metastasis and died of disseminated disease 17 months after splenectomy. In the 26 patients overall, the outcome of those with isolated splenic metastasis (n = 20) was significantly better than that for those with non-isolated splenic metastasis (n = 6; P = 0.05). There were three long-term (more than 3 years) survivors; all three were patients with isolated splenic metastasis, with the longest survival being 110 months. Patients with mucinous carcinoma showed a better survival rate than patients with other histological types (P = 0.08). In patients with isolated metastasis, metastases after splenectomy occurred in the peritoneum (n = 3), liver (n = 1), and lung (n = 1) within 2 years. Conclusions. Splenectomy may provide long-term survival for patients with isolated colorectal cancer metastasis to the spleen. The mucinous variant may be a favorable prognostic factor after splenectomy. Recurrence after splenectomy is likely to occur within 2 years, mainly in the peritoneum.
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  • 47
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Keywords: Key words Biliary atresia ; Bile lake ; α-glutathione-s-transferase (GST) ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Early identification of patients likely to deteriorate post-hepatic portoenterostomy for biliary atresia (BA) would be beneficial. α-Glutathione-s-transferase (α-GST) is a serologic marker of reactive hepatocellular damage because of its low molecular weight, uniform hepatic distribution, high cytosol concentration, and short half-life. We evaluated whether serum α-GST in post-surgical BA patients correlates with liver function (LF) and investigated its potential as a medium- to long-term marker of prognosis. Postoperative BA patients (n = 30; mean age: 11.8 ± 3.7 years) were divided into three groups based on average LF over the 3 months prior to this study. Group I (n = 8) were jaundice-free and had normal LF. Group II (n = 12) had moderate liver dysfunction, and group III (n = 10) had severe liver dysfunction. Serum α-GST was determined using a specific ELISA. Tissue α-GST was determined immunohistochemically, using liver needle-biopsy specimens. Bile lakes were found in 5 group II patients and 5 group III patients. Serum α-GST was significantly higher in group II (20.7 ± 8.4 ng/ml) than in groups I (4.7 ± 1.3 ng/ml) and III (8.0 ± 1.2 ng/ml) (P 〈 0.0001) and was highest in group II subjects with bile lakes. In control liver specimens α-GST distribution was weak but uniform throughout normal liver lobule hepatocytes. In group II there was strong staining in centrilobular hepatocytes, and in group III α-GST was only found in regenerative nodules. We conclude that α-GST may be a more sensitive indicator of hepatocellular damage in BA because its distribution is correlated to the proportion of functioning liver tissue present. This is the first report of this relationship, which has great implications for group II subjects because a sudden shift in concentration of α-GST may be a better predictor of impending hepatic dysfunction than conventional LF tests.
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  • 48
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    Pediatric surgery international 16 (2000), S. 351-355 
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Keywords: Key words Extrahepatic biliary atresia ; Hepatoportoenterostomy ; Prognosis ; Long-term results
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Clinical and histologic findings from 206 patients operated upon for extrahepatic biliary atresia (EHBA) are analyzed in order to define the prognosis of patients with EHBA. The prospective study took into consideration both initial fibrosis of the liver and the morphology of the porta hepatis (PH) at surgery. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates and statistical calculations demonstrated a relationship between long-term survival and histologic findings in the liver and porta hepatis. The efficacy of HPE is significantly influenced by the morphology of the PH and to a lesser extent by the initial liver fibrosis. Surgery should thus achieve pattern 1 morphology of the PH, but this is problematic because of the close relationship of the vascular and biliary structures in its two lateral zones.
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  • 49
    ISSN: 1437-7772
    Keywords: Key words c-erb B-2 ; Prognosis ; Breast cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background. The prognostic significance of c-erb B-2 in breast cancer remains controversial. The aim of this study was to determine the practical prognostic significance of c-erb B-2 protein status in breast cancer extracts, using an enzyme immunoassay. Methods. An enzyme immunoassay was used to measure levels of c-erb B-2 protein prospectively in 360 patients with breast cancer, using cytosol fractions prepared for steroid receptor assay. The status of c-erb B-2 protein was assessed using a cut-off value for positivity of 18 ng/mg protein. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. To evaluate the prognostic significance of c-erb B-2 protein status. Results. Levels of c-erb B-2 protein in tumor tissue extract ranged from 0 to 213.0 ng/mg protein (mean, 15.5 ng/mg protein). In 52 tumors (14.4 %) more than 18.0 ng/mg protein was detected, and these tumors were regarded as c-erb B-2 protein-positive. Correlations were found between c-erb B-2 protein positivity and large tumor size (〉3 cm; P = 0.0095), higher histological grade (P 〈 0.0001), estrogen receptor negativity (P 〈 0.0001), and progesterone receptor negativity (P 〈 0.0001). There was also a marginally significant correlation between c-erb B-2 protein positivity and lymph node positivity. Multivariate analysis showed that c-erb B-2 protein status was a significant independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival, being strongly significant in patients with positive lymph nodes. Conclusion. c-erb B-2-positive breast cancers are biologically more aggressive and c-erb B-2 protein status could be a candidate as a prognostic factor for patients with breast cancer, being particularly valuable in patients with positive lymph nodes.
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  • 50
    ISSN: 1437-7772
    Keywords: Key words Breast cancer ; Breast-conserving therapy ; Local recurrence ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background. In patients with early stage breast cancer who have breast-conserving therapy (BCT), the impact of local recurrence on the risk of distant metastasis is still controversial. Local recurrence after BCT is an uncommon event, so it is impossible to determine a standard treatment method by a clinical trial because not enough patients can be enrolled. Methods. Between February 1988 and December 1997, 399 patients with clinical stage I and II breast cancer underwent BCT in our department. Of these 399 patients, 22 developed local recurrence during this period. To assess the relationship between their clinical characteristics and prognosis, we performed a retrospective review of these 22 patients. Results. The 5-year overall survival rate after local recurrence was 66.7%. All four patients who had cutaneous or inflammatory type recurrence developed distant metasta-sis after salvage treatment. Of three patients with multiple recurrence, two developed disseminated disease after salvage treatment. Two of four patients treated by repeat lumpectomy developed further local recurrence after salvage lumpectomy. Conclusion. To improve prognosis in patients with multiple, cutaneous, or inflammatory recurrence, aggressive adjuvant systemic therapy may be required after salvage surgery.
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  • 51
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    International journal of clinical oncology 5 (2000), S. 36-40 
    ISSN: 1437-7772
    Keywords: Key words Renal cell carcinoma ; Contralateral adrenal metastasis ; Clinicopathological characteristics ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background. Metachronous solitary metastasis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) to the contralateral adrenal gland is very rare. We assessed the clinocopathological findings of such patients who received adrenalectomy. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed the records of all 495 patients who underwent nephrectomy for RCC; excluding those in stage IV, between 1980 and 1993. Of these patients, 5 who showed metachronous solitary metastasis to the contralateral adrenal gland, and also received adrenalectomy were the subjects of this study. Results. The adrenal metastasis was found between 14 and 132 months (median, 81 months) after nephrectomy. After the solitary adrenalectomy, patient survival ranged from 450 to 2160 days (median, 660 days); 2 patients were alive with no evidence of disease at 660 and 1830 days, respectively, and 3 patients died of this disease, at 450, 480, and 2160 days, respectively, after adrenalectomy. The overall survival rate was 100% at 5 years, 80% at 6 years, 60% at 7 years, and 40% thereafter. The 2 patients with no evidence of disease did not receive steroid supplementation, because they had not received ipsilateral adrenalectomy. No significant difference was observed between survivors and non-survivors in terms of clinicopathological factors such as affected side, location of the tumor, tumor size of primary/metastatic lesion, and stage or grade of primary/metastatic lesion. From the viewpoint of outcome, patients with early recurrence tended to show an unfavorable prognosis compared with prognosis in those with late recurrence. Conclusion. The prediction of outcome in patients with RCC who undergo, adrenalectomy for metachronous solitary metastasis to the contralateral adrenal gland is difficult. Although the factors that affect prognosis are uncertain, long-term observation for unusual metachronous metastasis to the contralateral adrenal gland is mandatory in patients with RCC.
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  • 52
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    International journal of clinical oncology 5 (2000), S. 164-170 
    ISSN: 1437-7772
    Keywords: Key words P-glycoprotein ; Osteosarcoma ; Soft-tissue sarcoma ; Prognosis ; Immunohistochemistry ; RT-PCR
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between P-glycoprotein status and outcome in adult patients with high-grade osteosarcomas and soft-tissue sarcomas. Methods. P-glycoprotein status was determined im-munohistochemically in specimens from 28 patients with osteosarcoma and 34 patients with soft-tissue sarcoma. The polyclonal antibody mdr(Ab-1) was used for either decalcified or undecalcified tissue samples which were formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded. The expression of P-glycoprotein mRNA was also determined by the polymerase chain reaction in 23 fresh sarcoma specimens. P-glycoprotein status was analyzed in relation to the duration of event-free survival. Results. Positivity for P-glycoprotein was found in 29% of the osteosarcomas and 34% of the soft-tissue sarcomas. Consistent results were obtained at both the immunohistochemical and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) levels in 19 of 23 sarcomas (83%). In patients with osteosarcoma, the presence of increased levels of P-glycoprotein was significantly associated with a decreased probability of event-free survival after diagnosis (P = 0.022). In contrast, in patients with soft-tissue sarcoma there was no correlation between the level of P-glycoprotein and prognosis. Conclusions. In patients with high-grade osteosarcomas, the presence of increased levels of P-glycoprotein detected by polyclonal antibody mdr(Ab-1) was associated with a significantly increased risk of adverse events. This association was not found in patients with soft-tissue sarcomas.
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  • 53
    ISSN: 1433-8726
    Keywords: Key words Bladder neoplasm ; Quality of life ; QLQ-C30 ; Cystectomy ; Ileal conduit ; Orthotopic neobladder ; Urinary diversion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The impact of bladder removal and urinary diversion for patients' everyday life is largely unknown. The aims of this study were to compare subjective morbidity of ileal neobladder to the urethra versus ileal conduit urinary diversion and to elucidate its influence on quality of life. A total of 102 patients who underwent cystectomy due to a bladder malignancy were included in the study. In 69 patients (67.6%) an orthotopic neobladder and in 33 patients (32.4%) an ileal conduit was performed as urinary diversion. The compliance was 99% and mean follow-up was 37 months. All patients completed two retrospective quality of life questionnaires, namely the QLQ-C30 and a questionnaire developed at our institution to ask for urinary diversion specific items. The questioning and assessment was performed by non-urologists. The results obtained from the validated (QLQ-C30) and our own specially compiled questionnaire clearly demonstrate that patients with an orthotopic neobladder are more able to adapt to the new situation than patients with an ileal conduit. In addition, neobladder to the urethra improves the quality of life because it improves self-confidence, causes better rehabilitation as well as the restoration of leisure, professional, travelling, and social activities, and reduced risk of inadvertent loss of urine. For example, 92.8% of neobladder patients did not feel handicapped at all, and 87% did not feel sick or ill, in contrast to 51.5% and 66.7% of ileal conduit patients, respectively. Of the neobladder patients, 74.6% felt absolutely safe with the urinary diversion in contrast to 33.3% in the ileal conduit group. Only 1.5% of neobladder patients had wet clothes caused by urine leakage during the day, versus 48.5% of ileal conduit patients. Moreover, 97% of our neobladder patients would recommend the same urinary diversion to a friend suffering from the same disease, but only 36% of ileal conduit patients would do so. These results demonstrate that the quality of life is preserved to a higher degree after orthotopic neobladder than after ileal conduit urinary diversion.
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  • 54
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Key words Superficial bladder cancer ; p21WAF1/CIP1 ; Prognosis ; Cyclin D1
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Immunoreactivity of p21WAF1/CIP1 and cyclin D1 proteins was assessed in a cohort of 207 patients with superficial (pTa-pT1) bladder cancer followed up for a mean of 4.9 years. The results of the immunostainings were compared with T category, WHO grade, tumor cell proliferation rate (MIB-1 score), the expressions of p53 and bcl-2 as well as survival. Sixty-eight percent and 75% of the tumors were p21WAF1/CIP1 positive (≥5% of cells positive) and cyclin D1 positive (≥10% of cells positive), respectively. The p21WAF1/CIP1 expression was related to cyclin D1 immunolabelling (P 〈 0.001) but not to the other variables studied. The expression of cyclin D1 was inversely associated with T category (P=0.001), WHO grade (P=0.006), MIB-1 score (P=0.014), p53 expression (P=0.001), and bcl-2 (P=0.011) immunoreactivity. In univariate analysis, T category (P=0.0001), WHO grade (P 〈 0.0001), MIB-1 score (P 〈 0.0001), bcl-2 (P=0.0092), p53 (P=0.0016) and p21WAF1/CIP1 (P=0.009) expressions were significant prognostic factors with regard to tumor progression, whereas cyclin D1 was without any prognostic significance (P=0.1). Out of 123 p21 positive tumors 21 progressed, whereas only 2 out of 58 p21 negative tumors progressed. In multivariate analysis, the MIB-1 score was the only independent predictor of cancer-specific survival (P=0.03), whereas tumor grade (P=0.002) and cyclin D1 expression (P=0.04) were independent predictors of tumor recurrence. Only the WHO grade (P=0.04) retained its prognostic value indicating the risk of progression. We suggest that in superficial bladder cancer p21WAF1/CIP1 and cyclin D1 immunohistochemistry provide no additional prognostic information compared with already established prognostic factors for predicting the risk of progressive disease.
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  • 55
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    Annals of hematology 79 (2000), S. 455-458 
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Key words Anterior chamber ; Hypopyon ; Leukemia ; Extramedullary ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We encountered a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) who developed leukemic hypopyon. Leukemia initially spread into the pharynx, gingiva, lymphnode, and bone marrow. He achieved complete remission after chemotherapy but developed blurred vision and hypopyon. Anterior chamber paracentesis disclosed leukemic infiltration of the anterior chamber. Infiltration of the central nervous system also occurred. He received systemic chemotherapy, intrathecal chemotherapy, and local chemotherapy. However, he did not achieve prolonged remission. These findings suggest that these chemotherapy treatments have an inadequate effect for AML with anterior chamber infiltration. This rare complication is associated with extramedullary infiltration of leukemia.
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  • 56
    ISSN: 1279-8509
    Keywords: Acute myeloid leukemia ; Chemotherapy ; Allogenic transplantation ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In order to assess the place of HLA-identical allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and to compare it to other post-induction therapies, we analyzed patient outcome in intention-to-treat based on the presence or not of an HLA-identical familial donor in young adults with de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in first complete remission (CR). Between 1985 and 1998, 152 consecutive AML patients aged less than 41 years old, seen in our institution, were treated according to 3 different successive protocols (LYLAM85, LAM90, AML10). 144/152 patients entered our prospective study in which they were registered at time of diagnosis for presence or absence of HLA-identical donor and analyzed in intention-to-treat. In this study, 52 patients (36%), who had at least one identical sibling donor (group 1), were offered allogeneic BMT after CR achievement. The 92 patients without donor were allocated to group 2 and were assigned to receive chemotherapy or autologous transplantation as post-remission according to the protocol they were initially included in. Patients from both groups had similar disease characteristics at diagnosis. Karyotypes at diagnosis were defined as low risk (t(8;21) or t(15;17) or chromosome 16 abnormalities(, intermediate risk (normal karyotypes), or high risk (other abnormalities). Overall, 114/152 patients (75%) achieved a CR. Of the 144 eligible patients, 46/52 (88%) with a donor and 68/92 (74%) without a donor achieved a CR. The median follow-up duration of the 144 patients was 21.2 months. The relapse rate was higher in group 2 (56%) than in group 1 (31%). However, the overall survival was not different between patients with and without donor (median survival respectively at 16.7 months and 26.6 months with estimated survival at 5 years respectively at 32% and 34%). Thirty-four patients from group 1 (65%) were actually transplanted in first CR. The probability of 5-year survival for patients receiving effectively allogeneic BMT was 44% and was not significantly better than that of patients who did not. In univariate as in multivariate analysis, karyotypic status was the main prognostic factor for CR achievement (p = 0.002), CR duration (p 〈 0.0001), and overall survival (p 〈 0.0001). There were no significant differences between group 1 and group 2 when survivals were compared with adjustment for karyotypes. We conclude that the availability of an HLA-identical sibling donor did not confer any prognostic advantage in terms of outcome for young adults with AML in first CR. These results make allogeneic BMT process questionable as systemic post-remission therapy in patients with an HLA-identical familial donor.
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  • 57
    ISSN: 1248-9204
    Keywords: Hernia ; Strangulation ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary It is believed that direct hernias are less likely to strangulate because, in contrast to an indirect inguinal hernia, the neck of the direct hernia is wide. For this reason, some surgeons do not repair direct hernias in I elderly patients. We analyzed all incarcerated hernias repaired on an emergency basis during a 3-year period in order to discover the extent of incarcerated direct hernias in our practice. A total of 293 patients with incarcerated hernia were evaluated; of these, 222 were inguinal (193 indirect −86.9%- and 29 direct −13.1%-). The strangulation rate for inguinal hernias was found to be 29.7%. There was a significant difference between indirect and direct inguinal hernias in respect to strangulation rate (32.6% vs 10.3% p = 0.014). However, we did not find any difference between bowel resection rates in incarcerated-strangulated indirect and direct hernias (14/193 −7.3%- vs 2/29 −6.9%-, p = 0.95). Hospitalization time was significantly longer for the patients who developed strangulation than those who did not. The side of direct hernia had no effect on strangulation (10.5% for right-sided vs 10.0% for left-sided, p = 0.97). The only prognostic factor for strangulation and resection in regression analysis was the age-group of the patients (〈 60 vs. 60 or older). At operation the average diameter of the defect in the transversalis fascia was 23.8 mm. The diameter of the defect had no effect on strangulation.
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  • 58
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Gastric carcinomas ; Cardiac carcinomas ; TNM-classification ; Prognosis ; Lesser and greater omenta
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The problem of T classification of proximal gastric carcinomas is becoming increasingly important due to a rise in the incidence of these tumors. The aim of this study was to examine the gastric insertion of the lesser and greater omenta and its role in the T classification of gastric carcinomas. The stomach and greater and lesser omenta were removed from 76 fixed cadavers and 12 measurements each were done in defined localizations. The lesser omentum extended to the gastric wall in 98% of the cases. This junction as well as the omental thickness and thus the retroperitoneal part are especially pronounced in the cardiac region. According to the current UICC classification, even advanced tumors extending into the gastric wall can be classified T2 as long as they do not penetrate the visceral peritoneum. This results in « understaging » and a seemingly poorer prognosis for cardiac carcinomas. Our study results support the recommendation of Hermanek and Wittekind [5] to subdivide the T2 stage of gastric carcinomas on the basis of infiltration depth.
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  • 59
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Keywords: Key wordsαvβ3 ; Integrins ; Melanoma ; Blood vessels ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The αvβ3 integrin has emerged as a key mediator in angiogenesis. Its role in tumor-induced angiogenesis is supported by its up-regulation in vivo in the vasculature of a number of different types of carcinoma. The potential clinical significance of αvβ3 expression on blood vessels in carcinomas is suggested by its association with tumor progression. Currently no information is available about the clinical significance of αvβ3 expression on the vasculature of lesions of melanocytic origin. Since we have previously found that αvβ3 expression on melanoma cells in primary lesions is associated with a poor prognosis, in the present study we have compared αvβ3 expression on blood vessels and on cells of melanocytic origin in nevi and in malignant melanoma lesions. In addition we have examined the lesions for expression of the αv subunit to gain information on the regulation of αvβ3 expression on endothelial cells and on cells of the melanocyte lineage. αvβ3 expression on endothelial cells and on melanocytic cells was a relatively sensitive and specific marker for malignant lesions. However, αvβ3 expression on endothelial cells in primary melanoma lesions was not associated with the prognosis of the disease. The αv subunit and the αvβ3 complex were differentially expressed on endothelial cells and on melanocytic cells, implying that different regulatory pathways control their expression. This finding may account for the differential clinical significance of αvβ3 expression on tumor vasculature and on melanoma cells we observed in our patient cohort. Lastly, αvβ3 may be a useful target for immunotherapeutic approaches in melanoma because of its high expression on the vasculature of all metastatic lesions tested and its restricted distribution in normal tissues.
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  • 60
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Mortality ; Oliguria ; Multiple organ failure ; Severity-of-illness ; Prognosis ; Scoring systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objectives: To describe risk factors for the development of acute renal failure (ARF) in a population of intensive care unit (ICU) patients, and the association of ARF with multiple organ failure (MOF) and outcome using the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score. Design: Prospective, multicenter, observational cohort analysis. Setting: Forty ICUs in 16 countries. Patients: All patients admitted to one of the participating ICUs in May 1995, except those who stayed in the ICU for less than 48 h after uncomplicated surgery, were included. After the exclusion of 38 patients with a history of chronic renal failure requiring renal replacement therapy, a total of 1411 patients were studied. Measurements and results: Of the patients, 348 (24.7 %) developed ARF, as diagnosed by a serum creatinine of 300 μmol/l (3.5 mg/dl) or more and/or a urine output of less than 500 ml/day. The most important risk factors for the development of ARF present on admission were acute circulatory or respiratory failure; age more than 65 years, presence of infection, past history of chronic heart failure (CHF), lymphoma or leukemia, or cirrhosis. ARF patients developed MOF earlier than non-ARF patients (median 24 vs 48 h after ICU admission, p 〈 0.05). ARF patients older than 65 years with a past history of CHF or with any organ failure on admission were most likely to develop MOF. ICU mortality was 3 times higher in ARF than in other patients (42.8 % vs 14.0 %, p 〈 0.01). Oliguric ARF was an independent risk factor for overall mortality as determined by a multivariate regression analysis (OR = 1.59 [CI 95 %: 1.23–2.06], p 〈 0.01). Infection increased the risk of death associated with all factors. Factors that increased the ICU mortality of ARF patients were a past history of hematologic malignancy, age more than 65 years, the number of failing organs on admission and the presence of acute cardiovascular failure. Conclusion: In ICU patients, the most important risk factors for ARF or mortality from ARF are often present on admission. During the ICU stay, other organ failures (especially cardiovascular) are important risk factors. Oliguric ARF was an independent risk factor for ICU mortality, and infection increased the contribution to mortality by other factors. The severity of circulatory shock was the most important factor influencing outcome in ARF patients.
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  • 61
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Acute renal failure ; 80 years old ; Etiology ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To determine the epidemiological trends, spectrum of etiologies, morbidity and mortality of acute renal failure (ARF) in patients over 80 years old.¶Design: Historical cohort analysis.¶Setting: Intensive care unit (ICU) of nephrology, Tenon Hospital, Paris.¶Patients and participants: The criteria of inclusion was ARF, defined on the basis of a creatinine value over 120 μmol/l, in patients over 80 years of age admitted between October 1971 and September 1996. When moderate chronic nephropathy was pre-existing, ARF was defined by the increase of at least 50 % over the basal creatininemia.¶Measurements and results: Three hundred and eighty-one patients over 80 years of age were included. The etiology and mechanism of ARF are detailed. 29 % of the patients received dialysis. Global mortality at the hospital was 40 %. Factors significantly associated with a poor prognosis are identified. Mean survival after hospitalization was 19 months.¶Conclusion: The frequency of admission to ICUs for ARF in patients older than 80 years seems to be on the increase. Mortality is less severe than expected. These patients could benefit from the renal replacement therapy of modern intensive care medicine.
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  • 62
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    Intensive care medicine 26 (2000), S. S064 
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Bacteraemia ; Sepsis ; Septic shock ; Epidemiology ; Prognosis ; Risk factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To examine the incidence, risk factors, aetiologies and outcome of the various forms of the septic syndromes (the systemic inflammatory response syndrome [SIRS] sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock) and their relationships with infection.¶Design: Review of published cohort studies examining the epidemiology of the septic syndromes, with emphasis on intensive care unit (ICU) patients.¶Results: The prevalence of SIRS is very high, affecting one-third of all in-hospital patients, and 〉 50 % of all ICU patients; in surgical ICU patients, SIRS occurs in 〉 80 % patients. Trauma patients are at particularly high risk of SIRS, and most these patients do not have infection documented. The prevalence of infection and bacteraemia increases with the number of SIRS criteria met, and with increasing severity of the septic syndromes. About one-third of patients with SIRS have or evolve to sepsis. Sepsis may occur in approximately 25 % of ICU patients, and bacteraemic sepsis in 10 %. In such patients, sepsis evolves to severe sepsis in 〉 50 % of cases, whereas evolution to severe sepsis in non-ICU patients is about 25 %. Severe sepsis and septic shock occur in 2 %–3 % of ward patients and 10 %–15 % or more ICU patients, depending on the case-mix; 25 % of patients with severe sepsis have shock. There is a graded severity from SIRS to sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock, with an associated 28-d mortality of approximately 10 %, 20 %, 20 %–40 %, and 40 %–60 %, respectively. Mortality rates are similar within each stage, whether infection is documented or not, and microbiological characteristics of infection do not substantially influence outcome, although the source of infection does. While about three of four deaths occur during the first months after sepsis, the septic syndromes significantly impact on long-term outcome, with an estimated 50 % reduction of life expectancy over the following five years. The major determinants of outcome, both short-term and long-term, of patients with sepsis are the severity of underlying diseases and comorbidities, the presence of shock and organ failures at onset of sepsis or evolving thereafter. It has been estimated that two-thirds of the overall mortality can be attributed to sepsis.¶Conclusions: The prevalence of sepsis in ICU patients is very high, and most patients have clinically or microbiologically documented infection, except in specific subset of patients. The prognosis of septic syndromes is related to underlying diseases and the severity of the inflammatory response and its sequelae, reflected in shock and organ dysfunction/failures.
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  • 63
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    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 126 (2000), S. 280-284 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Key words Thymoma ; Prognostic factors ; Prognosis ; DNA cytometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Purpose: The aim of this work was to evaluate the prognostic significance of DNA image cytometry in thymoma. Patients and methods: Image cytometric studies with an automatic video-based analysis system (LEYTAS) were carried out on 47 archival specimens from 36 patients with thymomas who underwent operation at a single institution from 1954 to 1992. The significance of aneuploidy DNA-content (5c-exceeding events), and nuclear size on stage and survival were evaluated. The median follow-up was 52.7 (6–164) months. Results: Masaoka's stage was predictive of aneuploidy (P 〈 0.01) and disease-free survival (P 〈 0.015). In stage I 18% of the tumors were aneuploid, in stage II 78%, in stage III 85% and in stage IV 100%. The occurrence of 5c-exceeding events was associated with both decreased disease-free survival (P 〈 0.01) and overall survival (P = 0.013). Nuclear size was not significantly correlated to stage. Under multivariate analysis, aneuploidy and DNA content failed to attain independent significance for stage, performance status, and histology. Conclusion: DNA image cytometry may provide additional information about the prognosis of resected thymoma.
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  • 64
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Cardiopulmonary bypass ; Coronary artery bypass graft ; Valve surgery ; Thoracic aortic surgery ; Prognosis ; Hypotension ; Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) ; Procalcitonin ; Endotoxin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To investigate procalcitonin (PCT) levels in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in order to assess the prevalence and prognostic capacity of elevated PCT levels following CPB in open heart surgery.¶Design: prospective observational study in consecutive patients.¶Setting: Twenty-four-bed ICU, department of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery, university hospital.¶Patients: Seven hundred and twenty two patients, 691 of whom underwent CPB, i. e., 476 had coronary bypass surgery (CABG), 130 valve replacement, 34 combined CABG and valve replacement, and 23 thoracic aortic surgery.¶Interventions: Standard perfusion techniques were used with cardioplegic arrest and mild hypothermia (28–32 °C). With the exception of thoracic aortic procedures, full–flow perfusion was performed.¶Measurements and results: PCT was measured prior to surgery and daily thereafter until ICU discharge or death. PCT significantly increased at day 1 postoperatively compared to baseline values (0.25 ± 1.65 vs 6.49 ± 22.0 ng/ml, p 〈 0.005). However, in 55.1 % of patients PCT was below 1.0 ng/ml. In 12.8 % of CABG patients PCT was increased to 〉 5.0 ng/ml, compared to 39 % in valve patients and 35 % of patients with aortic surgery. An elevated PCT level 〉 1.0–5.0 ng/ml at day 1 was highly predictive of mortality (P 〈 0.03, vs 〈 1.0 ng/ml), with an additional accuracy when levels 〉 5.0 ng/ml were measured (P 〈 0.002 vs 〈 1.0 ng/ml).¶Conclusions: These results provide evidence that PCT might serve as an early prognostic marker in patients undergoing CPB in open heart surgery. It may be worth considering immunomodulating approaches in patients presenting elevated PCT levels in the early phase after CPB.
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  • 65
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Gastrointestinaltrakt ; Karzinoid ; Neuroendokrine Tumoren ; DNA-Zytophotometrie ; Prognose ; Key words Gastrointestinal tract ; Carcinoid ; Neuroendocrine tumors ; DNA cytophotometry ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A total of 123 manifestations (97 primary tumours and 26 metastases) of neuroendocrine tumours of the gastrointestinal tract observed in 95 patients was investigated for the prognostic value of clinical, histological and DNA cytophotometric parameters. Metastases almost exclusively occurred among ileal carcinoids, which also were responsible for all 14 cases of lethal outcome observed during the follow-up period of mean 42 months. Aneuploid DNA values could be determined significantly more frequently among ileal than in non-ileal carcinoids and showed – upon analysis of the total group of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumours – a significant correlation to lethal course of disease. In addition, among 18 cases with primary and secondary carcinoid manifestations available for DNA cytophotometry, an association between the DNA content of metastatic neuroendocrine tumours and prognosis came to light. When applicated to the group of ileal neoplasms, however, the parameter DNA content did not allow a better prognostic assessment.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Untersucht wurden 123 Manifestationen (97 Primärtumoren und 26 Metastasen) von bei 95 Patienten beobachteten neuroendokrinen (NE-)Tumoren des Gastrointestinaltrakts auf die prognostische Bedeutung verschiedener klinischer, histologischer und DNA-zytophotometrischer Parameter. Metastasen traten fast ausschließlich bei ilealen Karzinoiden auf, denen auch sämtliche 14 während der durchschnittlichen Nachbeobachtungszeit von 42 Monaten aufgetretenen letalen Erkrankungsverläufe zuzuordnen waren. Aneuploide DNA-Verteilungsmuster wurden signifikant häufiger bei ilealen als bei nichtilealen Karzinoiden angetroffen und waren – bezogen auf die Gesamtgruppe – signifikant mit tödlichem Krankheitsausgang korreliert. Darüber hinaus zeigte sich bei 18 Fällen mit DNA-zytophotometrisch auswertbaren primären und sekundären Karzinoidmanifestationen eine Assoziation zwischen dem DNA-Histogrammtyp metastatischer Karzinoide und der Prognose. Innerhalb der Gruppe der Ileumtumoren erlaubte der Parameter DNA-Gehalt aber keine Verbesserung der Prognoseabschätzung.
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  • 66
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Apoptose ; Proliferation ; Hämatopoetischer Zellumsatz ; Topoisomerase II α ; PCNA ; Chronische myeloproliferative Erkrankungen ; Prognose ; Reaktive Läsionen ; Key words Apoptosis ; Proliferation ; Hematopoietic turnover index ; Topoisomerase II α ; PCNA ; Chronic myeloproliferative disorders ; Prognosis ; Reactive lesions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Apoptosis and proliferation are important regulators of normal development and homeostasis in the bone marrow. Therefore, dynamics of hematopoiesis is mainly defined by these two parameters. However, since only few data are available from previous studies, we performed a retrospective analysis to elucidate some aspects of this complex pathomechanism. A total of 400 patients with chronic myeloproliferative disorders (CMPDs) and corresponding reactive bone marrow lesions were enrolled into this study. Apoptosis was detected in bone marrow tissue by the ISEL-technique and topoisomerase II α expression was demonstrated by the monoclonal antibody Ki-S1. Furthermore, by determination of the proliferating-cell nuclear antigen labeling (PCNA) index, we were able to calculate the proportion of cells in the G2/M phase, because both nuclear antigens are expressed in different phases of the cell cycle. Patients with IMF, PV, and ET revealed a normal range of apoptosis, whereas in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) a significant increase could be observed. On the other hand, IMF and PV were characterized by a raised proliferative activity. Dynamics of hematopoiesis was assessed by calculation of the so called hematopoietic turnover index. In CML and reactive lesions no alterations of this parameter were detectable, but IMF and PV showed a significant increase. Survival analysis disclosed a relevant worsening of life expectancy for patients with reduced apoptosis and proliferation. In conclusion, our in-situ results confirm and extend previous experimental data on hematopoietic cell kinetics. In this context, a greater regenerative capacity of hematopoiesis may be reflected by an increased rate of apoptosis and/or proliferation and therefore is associated with a more favorable outcome.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Apoptose und Proliferation stellen im Rahmen einer funktionsgerechten Regelung der Hämatopoese einen integralen Bestandteil für die Aufrechterhaltung des zellulären Gleichgewichts im Knochenmark dar. Insofern ist die Dynamik des hämatopoetischen Zellumsatzes durch diese beiden Parameter gekennzeichnet. Da weiterführende Untersuchungen in dieser Hinsicht lediglich vereinzelt am Knochenmark durchgeführt worden sind, haben wir im Rahmen einer retrospektiven Analyse versucht, einige Aspekte dieses komplexen Mechanismus zu beleuchten. Insgesamt wurden 400 Patienten mit chronischen myeloproliferativen Erkrankungen (CMPE) sowie korrespondierenden reaktiven Veränderungen in die Untersuchung aufgenommen. Neben dem direkten Nachweis der Apoptose im Knochenmark durch die ISEL-Technik haben wir die Topoisomerase II α Expression mittels des monoklonalen Antikörpers Ki-S1 gemessen. Zusätzlich konnten wir durch die Bestimmung der PCNA-Markierung aufgrund der Zellzyklus-spezifischen Färbereaktion beider nukleärer Antigene den Anteil der in G2-/M-Phase befindlichen Zellen ermitteln. Während die IMF, die PV sowie die ET eine im Normbereich liegende Apoptoserate erkennen ließen, war dieser Wert bei der CML signifikant erhöht. Auf der anderen Seite wiesen IMF und PV eine deutlich gesteigerte proliferative Aktivität im Knochenmark auf. Bei der Berechnung eines hämatopoetischen Zellumsatz Index (HZI) zeigten diese beiden CMPE-Subtypen einen signifikanten Anstieg, wohingegen bei der CML sowie den reaktiven Läsionen keine relevante Verschiebung dieses Parameters festzustellen war. Im Rahmen prognostischer Analysen hatten IMF und PV Patienten mit reduzierter Proliferation und Apoptoserate jeweils eine signifikant kürzere Überlebenszeit. Unsere in-situ Ergebnisse erweitern und bestätigen vorausgegangene experimentelle Studien zur hämatopoetischen Zellkinetik. Darüber hinaus lassen sich aus unseren Daten prognostische Überlegungen ableiten, da insbesondere bei der PV und IMF Apoptose und Proliferation signifikanten Einfluß auf das Überleben der Patienten hatten. In diesem Zusammenhang spiegelt eine vermehrte Apoptose- und Proliferationsrate im Knochenmark offenbar eine größere regenerative Kapazität der Hämatopoese wieder und könnte daher für einen günstigeren Verlauf verantwortlich gemacht werden.
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  • 67
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    Der Pathologe 21 (2000), S. 456-459 
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Undifferenziertes kleinzelliges Hepatoblastom ; Immunhistochemie ; Keywords Undifferentiated small-cell hepatoblastoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Undifferentiated small-cell hepatoblastoma (HB) is a rare malignant tumor of childhood. The cell of origin is supposed to be a pluripotential, probably entodermal, stem-cell. Differential diagnosis of this type of HB is difficult among the group of small round and blue cell malignant tumors of children. The immunohistochemically determined coexpression of cytokeratin 8, 18, and 19 and of vimentin and actin, regularly in the absence of α-fetoprotein expression may be diagnostically helpful. We present the case of an undifferentiated small-cell HB of a 15-month-old girl with agenesis of the right kidney. As morphological peculiarity the tumor presented disseminated histiocytic giant cells.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Undifferenzierte kleinzellige Hepatoblastome (HB) zählen zu den seltenen malignen Tumoren der Leber im Kindesalter. Da der Tumor in der Regel kein α-Fetoprotein exprimiert, ist der Nachweis von Zytokeratin 8, 18 und 19 sowie Vimentin und Aktin diagnostisch wegweisend. Als Ausgangszelle wird eine pluripotente, wohl entodermale Stammzelle vermutet. In der Gruppe der klein-, rund- und blauzelligen malignen Tumoren des Kindesalters bietet diese Variante des HB differenzialdiagnostische Schwierigkeiten. Wir berichten über ein undifferenziertes kleinzelliges HB eines 15 Monate alten weiblichen Kleinkindes mit Agenesie der rechten Niere. Als morphologische Besonderheit des Tumors werden disseminierte histiozytäre Riesenzellen beschrieben.
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  • 68
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    European journal of pediatrics 159 (2000), S. 268-272 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Glycogen storage disease type 1b ; Portacaval shunt ; Ferrit MRI of liver adenoma ; Quality of life
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  In two girls with glycogen storage disease (GSD) type 1b, terminolateral portacaval shunt (PCS) with partial circular resection of the lobus quadratus of the liver was performed at the age of 12 and 10 years, respectively. At that time, the patients had a height of −3.1 and −1.7 SDS, respectively. PCS resulted in a spectacular growth spurt of 35 cm within the first 5 years after surgery in both of them. As first sign of puberty, breast enlargement started 2.5 years after PCS in both patients. Improved glucose tolerance was evidenced by increased levels of blood glucose and insulin after PCS. Diet with raw cornstarch (CS), 2g/kg body weight four times daily, was started 8 years after PCS in patient 1, but initiated with nightly gastric feeding at the age of 2 years in patient 2, 8 years before PCS. Treatment with recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhGCSF), 6 μg/kg body weight every 36–48 h, was started 20 years after PCS in patient 1, but only 1 month before PCS in patient 2. Progressive development of up to 7–8 liver adenomas was observed after PCS, but without conclusive signs of malignancy on Ferrit MRI. The PCS is still open 23 and 7 years after PCS, respectively. Terminolateral PCS with partial circular resection of the lobus quadratus of the liver associated with dietary control and rhGCSF might still have a place in the treatment of GSD type 1b because it improves the tolerance to fasting and the quality of life and moreover yields excellent metabolic control. Conclusion Treatment of glycogen storage disease type 1b by portacaval shunt might be considered in patients with height-for-age below the 3rd percentile occurring in spite of dietary control, or before considering liver transplantation which, if necessary, can still be performed after shunt surgery.
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  • 69
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: MR imaging ; Non-small cell lung cancer ; Therapeutic effect ; Prognosis ; Survival
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect more accurately and predict the prognosis of treated non-small cell lung cancer by using contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI). Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CE-CT) and CE-MRI were examined 90 non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with conservative therapies. Enhancement patterns of CE-MRI were classified into three types: peripheral; mottled; and homogeneous. Reduction ratio of tumor size (RRT) based on the World Health Organization response criteria and a new response rate; reduction ratio of viable tumor size (RRVT) which evaluates not only the reduction of tumor size but also changes in necrosis and/or cavity size, were evaluated. Changes of enhancement pattern were compared and correlated with pathological diagnosis. The RRTs, RRVTs, and interobserver agreements evaluated by all modalities were compared. The RRTs and RRVTs in each subgroup were correlated and compared with prognoses. Change of enhancement pattern depended on therapy had no tendency (p = 0.06). Enhancement pattern had significant correlation with pathological diagnosis (p 〈 0.0001). Partial response (PR) case of RRVT had significant difference between imaging techniques (p = 0.04). The RRVT of other cases and RRT had no significant difference. Interobserver agreements of RRT and RRVT were almost perfect (ϰ≥ 0.93). Prognosis had better correlation with RRVT than with RRT. Differences of relapse-free survival and survival between patients considered as having no change (NC) by RRT and PR by RRVT (NC-PR) and patients considered as having NC by RRT and RRVT were significant (p = 0.03, p = 0.01). There were no significant differences of relapse-free survival and survival between NC-PR patients and patients considered as having PR by RRT and RRVT. The CE-MRI technique could accurately evaluate the therapeutic effect and predict the prognosis of treated non-small cell lung cancer.
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  • 70
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    European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology 10 (2000), S. 199-202 
    ISSN: 1432-1068
    Keywords: Abscess ; Prognosis ; Spinal epidural abscess
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Five patients suffering from spinal epidural abscess associated with neurologic deficit are reported. Four patients underwent a decompressive procedure for abscess drainage, and one patient was medically treated. One of the patients showed a neurologic deterioration at the early postoperative period. The long-term follow-up showed a good outcome in all patients. It is concluded that epidural abscess associated with progressive neurologic deficit requires immediate decompression and administration of antibiotic. Postoperative neurological deterioration may be seen despite proper and immediate decompression and in such a case neurologic improvement is observed in the late postoperative period.
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  • 71
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Keywords: Key words IL-2 serum levels ; NSCLC ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Interleukin(IL)-2 is a T helper (Th) 1 type cytokine that has been shown to play an important role in antitumour immune responses. In this study, the prognostic significance of serum IL-2 levels was investigated in 60 advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. IL-2 serum levels were determined before chemotherapy, at the end of chemotherapy and during follow-up, using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay kit. The results were analysed according to the response to therapy and were used to generate a model predicting overall survival and time to treatment failure. All 60 patients were shown to have higher IL-2 serum levels than controls (P 〈 0.0001). Stage IV patients had significantly lower IL-2 levels than stage III patients (P 〈 0.0001), although they were still significantly higher than controls (P 〈 0.0001). It is interesting that, when patients were divided into responders and non-responders according to the response to therapy, the former were shown to have significantly higher pre-chemotherapy levels than the latter (P 〈 0.0001). Moreover, a further significant increase in IL-2 serum levels (P=0.004) and a significant decrease (P 〈 0.0001) were shown in responders and non-responders, respectively at the end of the therapy. Using univariate and multivariate analyses, both overall survival and time to treatment failure were shown to be affected by the mean pathological levels of IL-2. Furthermore, the prognostic significance of the serum level of IL-2 was confirmed by the stepwise regression analysis. In conclusion, determination of pre-treatment IL-2 serum levels was shown to be of independent prognostic utility in patients with advanced NSCLC; therefore, its possible use for prediction of outcome is proposed.
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  • 72
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    Journal of neurology 247 (2000), S. 943-948 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Key words Transverse myelitis ; Motor evoked potentials ; Somatosensory evoked potentials ; Electromyography ; Prognosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A systematic evaluation of anterior horn cell, motor and sensory pathways is possible by electromyography (EMG), motor (MEPs) and somatosensory (SEPs) evoked potentials, respectively, which may provide valuable information on acute transverse myelitis (ATM). In a prospective hospital-based study, EMG, MEP and SEP studies were carried out on admission and after 3 months in 39 patients with ATM. All the patients also underwent detailed clinical evaluation, and spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in 28. Outcome was defined at the end of 3 months as poor, partial or complete recovery on the basis of functional status. Spinal MRI revealed hyperintense signal changes in T2 extending for two segments to the entire spinal cord. Central motor conduction time to tibialis anterior (CMCT-TA) was more frequently abnormal (90%), followed by tibial SEP (77%). CMCT to abductor digiti minimi (ADM) was abnormal in 30% and median SEP in 15% of patients. Evidence of denervation on EMG was present in 51% of patients. The CMCT-TA improved in 48% patients and tibial SEP in 32%. Median SEP improved in all patients, and CMCT-ADM remained prolonged in two. At 3 months 2 patients had died, and 18 had poor, 10 partial and 9 complete recovery. CMCT was correlated with miscle power, tone, reflec and MRI changes. Patients' outcome of was correlated with CMCT, SEP and EMG. These results are consistent with pronounced involvement of dorsal region of spinal cord in ATM. MEP is more frequently abnormal than SEP.
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  • 73
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Key words Motor neurone disease ; Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; SF-36 ; Carer Strain Index ; Quality of life
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The measurement of functioning and well-being from the perspective of the patient has in recent years become central to the assessment of health and the evaluation of treatment regimes. The past decade has seen an enormous growth in the application of measures designed to assess quality of life in a vast array of medical specialities. However, the use of such measures in neurology has been relatively limited, and this has certainly been the case in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The European ALS Health Profile Study is a longitudinal survey of patients diagnosed with ALS or other motor neurone diseases in which patients are aksed to complete questionnaires concerning their subjective health status. Data from clinical assessments are also collected. It is intended that the information collected will provide more systematic and detailed evidence of the impact of the disease from the perspective of the patient. This contribution documents results from baseline assessment obtained from data supplied by clinicians, carers and patients themselves. Three outcome measured are assessed in this paper: the SF-36, a generic measure of well being and functioning, the ALS Functinal Rating Scale and the Carer Strain Index. The evidence presented here suggests that these measures provide a meaningful and valid picture of the impact of the disease. The data indicate that ALS has substantial adverse effects both upon the functioning and well being of patients and carers, as well as an association between the emotional health status of patients and carers, and between the physical health status of patients and carers.
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  • 74
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Key words Sarcoidosis ; Spinal cord ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Corticosteroid therapy ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Spinal cord sarcoidosis is a rare disorder whose natural history and therapeutic outcome are not fully known. We examined four patients with spinal cord sarcoidosis both clinically and radiologically, particularly in relation to corticosteroid treatment. The initial manifestation was cervical myelopathy in three and uveitis in one. All four patients progressed slowly until corticosteroid therapy was initiated. The cervial spine was involved in all patients. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed spinal cord swelling with T2-weighted high intensity and linear leptomeningeal and patchy or diffuse intramedullary enhancement with gadolinium diethylene triaminepentaacetic acid. With corticosteroid therapy, dramatic improvement was seen on MRI, including disappearance or marked reduction of swelling and enhancement. Plasma levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) were also markedly improved. In contrast, the clinical symptoms were little improved in one patient, unchanged in two, and rather worsened in one patient. Recurrence was seen on MRI at the maintenance dose in all four patients, without any dramatic change in clinical manifestation. MRI findings and plasma ACE are well correlated with active leasion of the spinal cord sarcoidosis, providing a useful marker for recurrence, but do not parallel the clinical manifestations.
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  • 75
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    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 264 (2000), S. 13-19 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: Key words Fallopian tube cancer ; Radiotherapy ; Chemotherapy ; Lymph node metastasis ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Objective: To contribute toward the understanding of the therapeutic management of fallopian tube cancer. Methods: Recent studies related to the treatment of fallopian tube cancer were reviewed. Results: Current evidence indicates that even patients in early stages have nodal disease, and often experience relapses in distant sites. In advanced stages, survival prolongation by the use of platinum-based chemotherapy has been demonstrated. Aggressive cytoreductive surgery followed by chemotherapy and negative second-look laparotomy offer the possibility of long-term survival. However, a significant fraction of patients eventually relapses after negative second-look laparotomy, and a poor survival rate after positive second-look laparotomy has been observed. Conclusions: This series suggests the need for thorough evaluation of lymph nodes at the time of surgery. The use of platinum-based chemotherapy is probably the best adjuvant therapy for both early stages and advanced stages. The clinical value of second-look laparotomy will remain limited until effective salvage therapy is developed. The potential benefits of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and the use of paclitaxel will be increasingly important.
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  • 76
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    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 264 (2000), S. 51-53 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: Key words Self-expanding metallic endovascular stents ; Endometrial cancer ; Iliac vein thrombosis ; Quality of life
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  There are few cases, to our knowledge, that report the successful treatment of iliac venous stenosis due to gynecologic malignancies with the use of self- expanding metallic endovascular stents. Our patient, who had right lower limb edema, had iliac lymph node metastases which caused iliac vein stenosis by direct invasion from endometrial cancer. The patient was not considered to be a good surgical candidate. A 10-mm diameter self-expanding metallic endovascular stent was placed in the external iliac vein. The patient’s symptoms of right lower limb edema improved dramatically, and she was discharged at 3 weeks after stent placement. The patient had no further symptoms, with continued resolution of the right leg edema during the 10 months following stent placement, at which time she died from the primary disease. The treatment to this patient with a self-expanding metallic endovascular stent proved to be very efficacious and less stressful than direct venous reconstruction or femorofemoral venous bypass grafting. In addition, this procedure dramatically improved the patient’s quality of life.
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  • 77
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Key words Blood group antigen ; ABH isoantigens ; Colorectal carcinoma ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The deletion of blood group ABH isoantigens on tumor tissues has been reported to be an adverse prognostic marker for patients with various solid tumors. In the present study, we evaluated the prognostic value of altered expression of ABH isoantigens in colorectal carcinomas. Using monoclonal antibodies, the expression of A, B, and H antigens was assessed by immunohistochemistry on paraffin-embedded carcinoma samples from 82 patients who had undergone surgery for colorectal cancer. ABH isoantigens were found to be deleted in 36 carcinomas (43.9%) and expressed in 46 (56.1%). Univariate and multivariate analysis using a logistic regression model revealed that N factor (lymph node metastasis) and blood group type were independently related to the expression of ABH isoantigens. In contrast to previous reports on other cancers, patients whose colorectal carcinomas express ABH isoantigens had a poorer prognosis than those whose carcinomas showed deletion of ABH isoantigens (P = 0.0008). The expression of ABH isoantigens was an independent prognostic variable, in addition to T (depth of tumor invasion), N, and M (distant metastasis) factors, as shown by means of Cox regression analysis. In conclusion, the expression of ABH isoantigens in carcinoma tissue is an important poor prognostic factor in patients with colorectal cancer. This variable needs to be considered in the design of future trials of therapy.
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  • 78
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Keywords Intracranial cyst ; Prenatal ; Fetus ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  This review evaluates the contribution of prenatal diagnosis to the understanding of intracranial cysts. We describe the outcome of 54 fetuses in which prenatal investigations indicated the presence of such lesions. The cysts were diagnosed between 20 and 30 weeks of gestation. Most (63%) were supratentorial and interhemispheric. There was only a single sylvian cyst. In the infratentorial compartment, median retrocerebellar cysts were predominant. Incisural cysts accounted for 14.8% of the series. Nine pregnancies were interrupted because of the presence of associated brain disorders. Forty-five children are alive. Thirty-four had neuropsychological tests. Cysts rarely progressed, most frequently stabilized and often regressed postnatally. Hydrocephalus was rare. In two cases delivery was precipitated at 36 weeks to allow urgent treatment of rapidly evolving cysts. Thirteen children (28.2%) were treated postnatally, in general for developing cysts. The median follow-up for the whole series exceeds 4 years. Behavior, neurological development, and intelligence are normal in 88% of the cases, and 91% have a normal neurological status. Prognosis at the time of the prenatal consultation was correct in 89% of the cases. We emphasize the value of prenatal magnetic resonance imaging and karyotype studies to limit risks of incorrect prognosis.
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  • 79
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Endometrium ; Endometrial carcinoma ; Lectins ; Con A ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Lectins are proteins and glycoproteins of non-immune origin which bind specifically to carbohydrate residues, agglutinate cells and/or precipitate complex carbohydrates. Lectin-binding patterns in normal, hyperplastic and neoplastic endometria were studied using four biotinylated lectins (Con A, LCA, e-PHA, l-PHA) and the avidin-biotin-peroxidase technique. Canavalia ensiformis agglutinin (ConA) and Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) reacted strongly with the luminal borders and the cytoplasm of epithelial cells but, whilst in normal and benign endometrial tissues the cytoplasmic staining was confined to the apical and the basal aspect of the cells, in endometrial carcinomas and in some atypical hyperplasias lectin binding also occurred in the lateral cytoplasm (Con-A-lat), although in differing proportions of cells. Interestingly, extensive Con-A-lat in the tumour cells was much more frequent in non-endometrioid carcinomas (P〈0.05) and was significantly associated with poor histological differentiation (P〈0.0001), low oestrogen and progesterone receptor content (P〈0.01 and P=0.0001, respectively) and an unfavourable long-term survival (P〈0.05). With Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (e-PHA) and leucoagglutinin (l-PHA) a linear, rather inconsistent, staining at the level of the basement membranes was observed in the glands: this, also noted with LCA, appeared intact in normal and hyperplastic glands without cytological atypia, and fragmented or absent in malignant glandular structures and in most hyperplastic glands showing cytological atypia. It is concluded that changes in the distribution of lectin-binding molecules in the endometrial cells are associated with the malignant state, whilst the extent of Con-A-lat reflects the biological behaviour of the tumours.
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  • 80
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    Virchows Archiv 436 (2000), S. 102-108 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Oral ; Squamous cell carcinoma ; Proliferation ; Apoptosis ; Tumour suppressor gene ; Oncogene ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Tumour progression is characterised by an imbalance between cell proliferation and apoptosis. The aim of our study was to estimate the importance of proliferation and apoptosis associated parameters in primary squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of the oral cavity and oropharynx. For determination of apoptosis, the enzymatic labelling of DNA fragmentation with a terminal transferase reaction was used in 156 tissue samples of 107 patients, including corresponding lymph-node metastases in nine cases. P53, bcl-2, and Ki-67 were determined immunohistologically. P53 was detectable in 50.5% of the cases. Positive staining was associated significantly with decreased apoptosis (P〈0.003). Bcl-2 was upregulated in 31.8% of the cases depending on the tumour grading (P〈0.001) and correlated negatively with apoptosis (P〈0.001). Proliferation (P〈0.006) and apoptosis (P〈0.03) were enhanced in larger tumours, though a direct correlation between these two parameters was not proven. Nevertheless, in contrast to the conventional tumour staging and grading, neither the expression of p53 or bcl-2 nor the apoptosis or Ki-67 measurements were able to predict survival or recurrence-free survival of the patients suffering from a SCC in the oral cavity or oropharynx. Our observations suggest that the function of wild-type p53 to induce apoptosis is lost in at least half of the SCCs under study and that the physiological function of bcl-2 as potent inhibitor of apoptosis is widely preserved in oral SCC.
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  • 81
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words CD44 ; Adhesion molecules ; Prognosis ; Soft tissue sarcoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Recent studies have shown that expression of alternatively splicing variants of CD44 is correlated with prognosis for several kinds of malignant tumors. However, little is known about the expression of CD44 standard and variant isoforms in soft tissue sarcomas. In this study 47 cases of soft tissue sarcoma [18 malignant fibrous histiocytomas (MFHs), 13 synovial sarcomas (SSs), 7 malignant schwannomas (MSs), and 9 liposarcomas (LSs)] were examined immunohistochemically. The monoclonal antibodies to the standard form of CD44 (CD44H) and variant exons of CD44v3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, and v10 were used. We analyzed the membranous expression pattern of CD44H and CD44 variant exons and assessed the relation between expression of CD44s and metastasis-free survival rates (MFSR) of patients with soft tissue sarcoma. A few sarcomas expressed CD44v3 (2/47) and v7 (2/47), but none of the sarcomas expressed CD44v10. CD44v4 (5/47), v5 (4/47), v6 (10/47), and v9 (9/47) are relatively common types of variant isoforms in soft tissue sarcomas. Expression of CD44v6 is more frequently detected in high-grade than in low-grade tumors. CD44v6 or CD44v9 expression was correlated with metastasis-free survival of patients with soft tissue sarcomas.
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  • 82
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    Child's nervous system 16 (2000), S. 21-24 
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Key words Children ; Glasgow Coma Scale ; Glasgow Outcome Scale ; Prognosis ; Traumatic brain stem lesions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores on admission may be predictors of outcome in patients with brain injuries. This study correlated the outcomes of children with traumatic brain stem lesions with their initial GCS scores and morphological patterns of injury as shown on computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. During the last 16 years, we have treated 1,108 children with brain injuries. The entire series included only 21 (1.9%) children who had clinical signs of brain stem lesions with morphological correlates on CT or MR imaging. Clinical findings were assessed according to the GCS and compared with scores on the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). Of these 21 children, 16 (76%) had morphological lesions seen on CT scans. In 5 (24%) of the children only the MR images revealed brain stem lesions and their CT scans were negative. Generalized severe brain swelling was present in 6 cases (28%). There was a significant difference in GOS scores between patients with initial GCS scores of 3 and 4 and those with GCS scores between 5 and 7 (P〈0.02). Children with intracranial pressure higher than 40 mmHg had poorer outcomes than patients whose intracranial pressure was lower, but the differences were not significant. Outcome did not correlate significantly with morphological patterns of injury or the presence of extracranial injuries. The GCS is a reliable indicator of severity of injury and of outcome in children with brain stem injuries. MR imaging was more sensitive than CT in detecting brain stem lesions.
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  • 83
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    Child's nervous system 16 (2000), S. 760-764 
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Keywords Children ; Brain-injury ; Network ; Prognosis ; Visuo-spatial neglect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A care network has been created in the Paris area according to two criteria – the continuity and the specificity of the care, with a single place to manage pediatric neurosurgical emergencies. This network makes possible research about brain-injured children. Until recently, the ”Kennard principle”, that is, the assumption that recovery after similar lesions is greater in children than in adults has been supposed to be always true. In fact, if the lesions are diffuse, recovery is not greater in children compared with adults, or in younger children compared with older ones: the prognosis depends on the remaining ability to learn new practices. Normal IQ does not mean absence of sequelae. The cognitive deficits are very similar to those found in adults at the acute phase. For instance, visuo-spatial neglect appears as rather frequent when systematically looked for. The final assessment of outcome after childhood traumatic brain-injury should be done only after several years.
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  • 84
    ISSN: 1433-7339
    Keywords: Key words Cancer ; Fatigue ; Depression ; Symptom management ; Quality of life
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Fatigue is one of the most frequent symptoms in cancer patients. However, the precise causes of this fatigue are still unknown, and this situation makes it difficult to combat the problem. The present study was conducted to investigate factors correlated with fatigue in disease-free breast cancer patients. A group of 134 randomly selected ambulatory breast cancer patients who had undergone successful surgical treatment participated. They completed the Cancer Fatigue Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Mental Adjustment to Cancer Scale, and an ad hoc questionnaire detailing physical symptoms, social support, and demographic variables at home and returned them by mail the following day. Multiple regression analysis revealed that fatigue was significantly correlated with dyspnea, insufficient sleep, and depression, and that these three variables accounted for a total of 46% of variance in fatigue. Factors concerned with the cancer and treatment, such as disease stage, lymph node metastasis, number of days since operation, past intravenous chemotherapy, radiotherapy, current use of fluoropyrimidine compounds, and current use of tamoxifen citrate were not correlated with fatigue. The results suggest that fatigue in this population is determined by current physical and psychological distress rather than by the cancer itself and prior cancer treatments, and that the management of dyspnea, insomnia, and depression might be important in reducing fatigue in this population.
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  • 85
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Key words Obsessive-compulsive disorder ; Subclinical OCD ; Epidemiology ; Quality of life
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: Despite the worldwide relevance of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) there are considerable differences in prevalence rates and gender ratios between the studies and a substantial lack of prevalence data on subclinical OCD. Moreover, data on quality of life and on psychosocial function of subjects with OCD and subclinical OCD in the general population are missing to date. Methods: German versions of the DMS-IV adapted Composite International Diagnostic Interview were administered to a representative sample of 4075 persons aged 18–64 years living in a northern Germany region. Specific DSM-IV based criteria for subclinical OCD were used. Results: The life-time prevalence rates for OCD and subclinical OCD were 0.5% and 2%, respectively. Twelve month prevalence rates were 0.39% and 1.6%, respectively. The gender female:male ratio was 5.7 in OCD and 1.2 in subclinical OCD. In various measures of psychosocial function and quality of life, OCD and subclinical OCD were significantly impaired. However, subclinical OCD subjects did not visit mental health professionals more often than controls. Conclusion: Due to different epidemiological characteristics subclinical OCD might represent a syndrome distinct from OCD which is also associated with significant impairments in personal and interpersonal functions and in quality of life.
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  • 86
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    Psychotherapeut 45 (2000), S. 108-115 
    ISSN: 0935-6185
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Therapeutische Orientierung ; Therapeutenvariable ; Erstuntersuchung ; Arbeitsbeziehung ; Prognose ; Key words Therapeutical orientation ; Therapist variable ; Diagnostic interview ; Working alliance ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Psychology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The present study is aimed at investigating differences between therapists of different theoretical orientations regarding their perception of patients who applied for psychotherapy at a university outpatient department. It was based on the judgements of nine psychodynamically and four cognitive-behaviorally oriented therapists about 144 and 89 patients, respectively, who were assessed after having completed their diagnostic interviews. Cognitive-behaviorally oriented therapists perceived the quality of the working alliance to be better and their feelings of sympathy towards the patients they had interviewed to be stronger than did psychodynamically oriented therapists. Psychodynamic therapists saw higher distress in the early childhood, whereas behavior therapists rated patients’ present coping abilities higher. In addition, the latter judged patients’ motivation, a common understanding of the illness, several prognostical factors and the global prognosis more favourable. Regarding the frequencies of disorder categories and the severity of functional restriction due to the disorders no differences were found. The results are discussed from both a cognitiv-behavioral and a psychoanalytical point of view.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Arbeit hat das Ziel, Unterschiede in der Wahrnehmung des Patienten bei der psychotherapeutischen Erstuntersuchung je nach theoretischer Orientierung des Diagnostikers zu untersuchen. Sie basiert auf den Einschätzungen von neun tiefenpsychologisch/analytisch und vier kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutisch orientierten Therapeuten, die 144 bzw. 89 Patienten einer universitären psychotherapeutischen Poliklinik nach dem Erstgespräch beurteilten. Kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutisch orientierte Erstuntersucher nahmen die Qualität der therapeutischen Arbeitsbeziehung signifikant als besser und die Patienten, die sie untersuchten, als sympathischer wahr. Tiefenpsychologisch orientierte Diagnostiker sahen stärker ausgeprägte frühkindliche Belastungen, wohingegen Verhaltenstherapeuten die aktuelle Bewältigungskompetenz der Patienten höher bewerteten. Zudem schätzen sie die Motivation des Patienten, das gemeinsame Krankheitsverständnis, verschiedene prognostische Faktoren sowie die globale Prognose als günstiger ein. Hinsichtlich der Häufigkeit diagnostischer Kategorien und der Beurteilung der Beeinträchtigungsschwere fanden sich keine Unterschiede je nach therapeutischer Orientierung. Die festgestellten Unterschiede werden sowohl vor einem kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutischen als auch vor einem psychoanalytischen Theoriehintergrund interpretiert.
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  • 87
    ISSN: 1615-6722
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Koronare Herzerkrankung ; Perkutane transluminale Koronarangioplastie (PTCA) ; Angina pectoris ; Lebensqualität ; Anschlußheilbehandlung ; Key words Coronary artery disease ; Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) ; angina pectoris ; Quality of life ; Rehabilitation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Background: Quality control becomes increasingly important in interventional cardiology. Since in most health care systems, clinical treatment of patients who underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is left to general practitioners, important information on the clinical long-term outcome is lost for the cardiologic centers. Aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical status of these patients 4 years after treatment with a PTCA at our institution. Patients and Methods: Inclusion criterion was the treatment with a PTCA within July 1, 1989 to June 30, 1991 (549 Patients). A questionnaire was sent to all patients (45±7 months after PTCA). Four time-points were defined: before PTCA (T1), directly after PTCA (T2), 3 months after PTCA (T3) and actual status (T4). Results: Questionnaires of 500/549 (91,1%) patients could be analyzed. One-hundred and fifteen patients (23%) had to undergo reinterventions: 69 (13.8%) had a re-PTCA and 46 (9.2%) patients an operative revascularization. At T4, 11.2% patients still had disturbing angina. Within the study period 35 patients (7%) died. Two-hundred and nineteen patients attended a rehabilitation institution. At T4, the amount of patients with little angina was not different comparing patients with/without the attendance of a rehabilitation institution (60.7% vs 66.4% p = 0.29). The rate of new pensioners after PTCA (n = 114 [22.8%] was higher in the group of patients who attended a rehabilitation (68 patients [13.6%] with vs 48 patients [9.2%] without attendance, p = 0.0036). The attendance of a rehabilitation institution, however, had positive effects on changes of the life stile and eating habits. Conclusions: This retrospective inquiry was found to be a useful tool (response rate 91.1%) for quality control in interventional cardiology. Important information concerning the quality of the interventions (low reintervention rate) and the long-term outcome of our patients (low rate with severe angina at T4) could be aquired.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Hintergrund: Die Qualitätskontrolle gewinnt in der interventionellen Kardiologie zunehmend an Bedeutung. Da aber die Nachbetreuung von Patienten, die mit einer perkutanen transluminalen Koronarangioplastie (PTCA) behandelt wurden, meist durch die jeweiligen Hausärzte durchgeführt wird, gehen dem kardiologischen Zentrum wichtige Informationen hinsichtlich des klinischen Langzeitverlaufs verloren. Ziel dieser retrospektiven Studie war daher, den klinischen Status dieser Patienten vier Jahre nach der Behandlung mit einer PTCA an unserer Institution zu untersuchen. Patienten und Methode: Einschlußkriterium war die Behandlung mit einer PTCA im Zeitraum vom 1.7.1989 bis 30.6.1991 (549 Patienten). Zur Erhebung der Langzeitergebnisse (45±7 Monate nach PTCA) wurde den Patienten ein Fragebogen zugesandt. Vier Erhebungszeitpunkte wurden definiert: vor PTCA (T1), direkt nach PTCA (T2), drei Monate nach PTCA (T3) und zum Erhebungszeitpunkt (T4). Ergebnisse: Fragebögen von 500/549 (91,1%) Patienten kamen zur Auswertung. 115 (23%) Patienten mußten sich einer Reintervention unterziehen (PTCA: 69 Patienten [13,8%], aortokoronare Venen-Bypass-(ACVB-)Operation: 46 Patienten [9,2%]). Zu T4 hatten 11,2% Patienten stärkere Angina-pectoris-Beschwerden. 35 Patienten (7%) waren im Erhebungszeitraum verstorben. 219 Patienten (52%) nahmen an einer Anschlußheilbehandlung teil. Zu T4 waren diese Patienten nicht häufiger beschwerdefrei als Patienten ohne Anschlußheilbehandlung (60,7% vs. 66,4%, p = 0,29). Der Anteil der nach Intervention neu berenteten Patienten (n = 114 [22,8%] war in der Gruppe mit Anschlußheilbehandlung höher (68 Patienten [13,6%] mit Anschlußheilbehandlung vs. 46 Patienten [9,2%] ohne Anschlußheilbehandlung, p = 0,0036). Positiven Einfluß hatte die Teilnahme an einer Anschlußheilbehandlung auf Änderungen des Lebensstils und der Eßgewohnheiten. Schlußfolgerung: Diese retrospektive Befragung erwies sich als sinnvoll (Antwortrate 91,1%), um Daten zur Qualitätskontrolle zu erheben. Wichtige Informationen sowohl hinsichtlich der Qualität der Koronarinterventionen (niedrige Reinterventionsrate) als auch hinsichtlich des klinischen Langzeitverlaufs (niedriger Anteil von Patienten mit schwerer Symptomatik nach vier Jahren) konnten hierdurch gewonnen werden.
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  • 88
    ISSN: 1615-2573
    Keywords: Key words Heart failure ; Doppler transmitral flow pattern ; Cardiac natriuretic peptide ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study was designed to determine whether the restrictive filling transmitral flow velocity pattern is associated with increased plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). It was also designed to evaluate the prognostic value of these parameters from patients with chronic congestive heart failure (CHF) admitted for episodes of acute decompensation. We performed Doppler echocardiography, measured plasma levels of ANP and BNP in 33 patients at the time of admission, and assessed the subsequent cardiac mortality for 3 months. Eleven patients (33%) had a restrictive filling pattern of deceleration time (DcT) 〈120 ms. Plasma ANP and BNP levels were markedly increased in all patients to 189 ± 145 pg/ml and 865 ± 559 pg/ml, respectively. Seventeen patients (52%) showed more than 700 pg/ml of plasma levels of BNP. There was a significant correlation of DcT with the plasma ANP level (r = −0.41, P = 0.017), and a better correlation of DcT with the plasma BNP level (r = −0.50, P = 0.003). The combined index of both shorter DcT (〈120 ms) and higher plasma BNP levels (〉700 pg/ml) was the best predictor of cardiac mortality by Cox univariate analysis (χ2 = 5.87, P = 0.015). Furthermore, the sensitivity and specificity of this index for the detection of cardiac mortality were 80% and 86%, respectively. In conclusion, the combined analysis of the Doppler transmitral flow velocity pattern and measurement of the plasma BNP level is noteworthy since it is noninvasive and convenient. Moreover, it is extremely useful in predicting the prognosis for patients with chronic CHF admitted for episodes of acute decompensation.
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  • 89
    ISSN: 1615-2573
    Keywords: Key words Diastolic function ; Prognosis ; Myocardial infarction ; Color M-mode Doppler echocardiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Color M-mode Doppler echocardiography (CMD) has been utilized in assessing left ventricular (LV) filling dynamics. We tested a novel CMD index, the depth of the spatiotemporal maximum of early diastolic inflow (D-maxV) in the left ventricle, to clarify its significance in assessing LV diastolic function. In 26 normal subjects and 32 patients with ischemic heart disease, D-maxV was determined with CMD as the distance from the mitral valve opening point to the center of the aliasing area in early diastole. Transmitral flow velocity was measured with pulsed Doppler. During routine catheterization, high-fidelity LV pressure measurements yielded diastolic variables in patients. D-maxV was significantly lower in the patients than the normals (13.0 ± 7.0 vs 23.4 ± 6.8 mm, P 〈 0.0001). D-maxV exhibited significant linear correlations with the minimal first derivative of LV pressure (r = 0.72, P 〈 0.01), the time constant of isovolumic relaxation (r = −0.67, P 〈 0.01), and LV minimal pressure (r = −0.53, P 〈 0.02) in the patients with wide ranges of peak early to late inflow velocity ratio (0.43–3.9) and deceleration time of early filling (79–293 ms). D-maxV showed an inverse correlation with LV end-diastolic pressure (r = −0.53, P 〈 0.02) and no significant correlation with mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. Moreover, Kaplan-Meier analysis focusing on the patients with myocardial infarction revealed that the group with D-maxV 〈 10.4 mm (n = 13) exhibited a lower cumulative cardiac event-free rate than that with D-maxV ≥ 10.4 mm (n = 14) (49.4% vs 92.9% at 5 years, P 〈 0.05). The depth of the spatiotemporal maximum of early diastolic LV inflow velocity reflects LV relaxation and is free of pseudonormalization. Evaluation of the LV relaxation separately from preload may have a prognostic value for myocardial infarction.
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  • 90
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: GHQ-28 ; Ischaemic heart disease ; Mental health ; Quality of life ; SF-36 ; Validity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To assess the mental health of patients admitted to hospital with suspected ischaemic heart disease, by means of two instruments, the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) and the MH (1–5) dimension of the SF-36 Health Survey Questionnaire, and to compare the psychometric properties of both questionnaires in this population. Methods: A study was conducted of 185 patients consecutively admitted to hospital with suspected ischaemic heart disease, classified into four groups: Acute Myocardial Infarctus (AMI), unstable angina, non-ischaemic cardiologies, and non-cardiological conditions. Their mental health was assessed by means of the GHQ-28 and the MH 1–5 sub-scales of the SF-36; the validity of the results were analysed by the association of each instrument with socio-demographic (age, sex, social class, and educational level) and clinical (co-morbidity, risk factors, diagnostic groups and background to the illness) variables. The correlation of each instrument with other sub-scales of the SF-36 was studied. The internal consistency was measured by Cronbach's α, together with the item-internal consistency and item-discriminant validity. Results: Of the population studied, 71.9% were males and the mean age was 60.2 years (SD: 10.4). The diagnosis for 33.5% was AMI and for 37.8% unstable angina. For all the variables studied, the scores in the two instruments were ordered in the same way, and were significantly worse for females and for the most disadvantaged social class. None of the scales discriminated in respect of the diagnostic group or the presence of comorbidity. However, a linear relationship was observed with risk factors. Cronbach's α was 0.95 for the GHQ-28 and 0.80 for the MH 1–5. Correlations with the other dimensions showed ranges of −0.35 to −0.61 for the GHQ-28 and of 0.26 to 0.61 for the MH 1–5. These were highest for the Vitality and Social Functioning sub-scales in both instruments. Conclusions: The subjective perception of mental health is measured in a similar way by both the MH 1–5 scale of the SF-36 and the GHQ-28. However, since the MH 1–5 questionnaire is shorter, it should be administratively easier to introduce into routine cardiological practice.
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  • 91
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    Pharmacy world & science 22 (2000), S. 31-32 
    ISSN: 1573-739X
    Keywords: Diuretics ; Drug therapy ; Elderly ; Evidence‐based ; Hypertension ; Ischaemic heart disease ; Quality of life ; Stroke ; Systematic review
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Hypertension is very common, occurring in over 50% of older people, and is a major risk factor for stroke and ischaemic heart disease. Based on systematic reviews there is evidence to show that drug treatment of hypertension in older people saves lives and prevents unnecessary morbidity. There is also strong evidence to support the use of diuretics as first line agents. Quality of life does not appear to be reduced by antihypertensive drug therapy, although more high quality research is needed. Through the use of drug treatment older people with hypertension can continue to contribute to society and live active lives.
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  • 92
    ISSN: 1434-3932
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter  Bauchaortenaneurysma ; Lebensqualität ; Endovaskuläre Therapie ; Keywords  Aortic aneurysm ; Quality of life ; Endovascular ; Conventional therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract   Patient satisfaction plays an increasing part in the analysis of the outcome of medical treatment. The aim of the study was to compare health-related quality of life in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm after endovascular or conventional surgery. A total of 40 patients were included (20 treated by endovascular and 20 by conventional surgery). A questionnaire with 28 items similar to the SF-36 was answered during scheduled appointments. On the third postoperative day, the conventionally treated patients were more frequently confined to bed (80% vs. 32%) and complained of intervention-related pain (90% vs. 42%) and incisional pain (26% vs. 15%); 55% of the patients suffered from obstipation (vs. 5% of the endovascular group). Furthermore, the preoperative psychological stress seemed to be intensified. In comparable percentage, both the endovascular and conventionally treated patients were limited in social activities perioperatively. Sexual dysfunction was more frequent in the conventional group (33% vs. 13% three months postoperative). In addition, the conventionally treated patients were more limited in their physical activities (25% vs. 40%) and had more fear of ambulation (35% vs. 6%). The patients treated by an endovascular approach complained about frequent examinations (39% vs. 5%) that were often related to X-ray exposure (67% vs. 20%). All of the conventionally operated patients had a sense of improvement (vs. 89% of the endovascular group); nevertheless only 28% felt completely healthy, compared to 11% of the endovascular treated patients. Advantages of the endovascular treated patients were ”short hospital stay”, ”decreased pain”, ”smaller scars”, and a ”shorter confinement to bed”. After intervention the conventionally treated patients were more limited in almost all quality-of-life aspects. After 3 months, differences between the groups decreased except for sexual dysfunction and limited physical activities. The patients treated by endovascular surgery complained more about frequent X-ray examinations than the conventionally treated group.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung  Zur Bewertung eines Therapieerfolgs gewinnt der subjektive Aspekt der Patientenzufriedenheit zunehmend an Bedeutung. Ziel unserer Untersuchung war es, die medizinischen Aspekte der Lebensqualität vor, während und nach Behandlung eines infrarenalen Bauchaortenaneurysmas durch konventionelle oder endovaskuläre Operation zu vergleichen. Insgesamt 40 Patienten, 20 Patienten nach konventioneller und 20 Patienten nach endovaskulärer Bauchaortenaneurysmaausschaltung, die in unserer Klinik in dem Zeitraum 01.06.1997 bis 31.12.1998 operiert worden waren, erhielten einen in Anlehnung an den SF-36-Survey-Fragebogen entwickelten Fragenkatalog mit 28 Fragen über die perioperative Lebensqualität. Am 3. postoperativen Tag waren deutlich mehr konventionell operierte Patienten bettlägerig (80 vs. 32%), gaben stärkere Schmerzen (90 vs. 42%) sowie Narbenbeschwerden (26 vs. 15%) an und litten unter Verdauungsproblemen (55 vs. 5%). Sie waren außerdem vor der Operation durch den Eingriff psychisch belasteter als die Vergleichsgruppe. Die Patienten beider Gruppen fühlten sich perioperativ in einem vergleichbaren Prozentsatz in der Ausübung gesellschaftlicher Aktivitäten beeinträchtigt. In der konventionell operierten Patientengruppe waren postoperative Sexualfunktionsstörungen signifikant häufiger als bei den endovaskulären Patienten (33 vs. 13% 3 Monate postoperativ). Im postoperativen Intervall von 3 Monaten waren die konventionellen Patienten physisch weniger belastbar (25 vs. 40%) und hatten stärkere Angst, sich frei zu bewegen (35 vs. 6%); 39% der endovaskulären Patienten empfanden die postoperativen Kontrolluntersuchungen als belastend, 67% empfanden die Strahlenbelastung bei den Kontrollen als negativ (konventionell 5 bzw. 20%). Alle konventionell operierten Patienten hatten das Gefühl, dass das Bauchaortenaneurysma ausgeschaltet sei (endovaskulär 89%). Vollkommen gesund fühlten sich 3 Monate postoperativ lediglich 28% der konventionell operierten Patienten bzw. 11% der endovaskulären Patienten. Als größte Vorteile der endovaskulären Methode wurden ”kurzer Krankenhausaufenthalt”, ”wenig Schmerzen”, ”kleine Narbe” und ”kurze Bettlägerigkeit” genannt. Die konventionell therapierten Patienten sind in ihrer Lebensqualität perioperativ deutlich mehr beeinträchtigt als die endovaskulär behandelten. Nach 3 Monaten finden sich jedoch bis auf den Bereich der Sexualfunktionsstörungen, der physischen Belastbarkeit und der Bewegungsfreiheit keine signifikanten Unterschiede in beiden Kollektiven. Durch die regelmäßigen Nachuntersuchungen mit Strahlenexposition fühlen sich die endovaskulär behandelten Patienten stark belastet.
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  • 93
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter: Inkontinenz ; Rectumcarcinom ; Manometrie ; Prognose ; Anus. ; Keywords: Incontinence ; Rectal cancer ; Anorectal manometry ; Prognosis ; Anus.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract. Aim: To determine clinical and physiologic parameters enabling the prognosis of continence after protective ileostomy closure secondary to rectal resection for rectal cancer. Method: Patients who had undergone rectal resection (n = 65, of whom 24 had had radiochemotherapy) were evaluated by clinical examination, anorectal manometry and orthograde contrast enema before ileostomy closure. Continence was evaluated by clinical findings 91 ± 52 weeks after stoma closure with the help of standardized questionaires and classified according to the Wexner continence score. The relationship between findings before stoma closure and continence score was calculated with Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: Correlations were found to be significant between the continence score and the level of anastomosis (r = –0.58, p 〈 0.001), median resting pressure (r = –0.52, p 〈 0.001), rectal compliance (r = –0.43, p 〈 0.001). Additionally, radiochemotherapy impairs continence (p = 0.0001). Correlations were not significant between continence and functional sphincter length, squeeze pressure, threshold for perception, urge and maximal tolerable volume, and continence for semiliquid contrast medium. Conclusion: Incontinence after rectum resection is multifactorial: the level of anastomosis, resting pressure, rectal compliance and radiochemotherapy all play a dominant role. Based on these findings, the continence score can be calculated before closure of a diverting ileostomy by applying multivariate analysis with the help of the following formula: Continence score = 18.23–0.94 · level of anastomosis – 0.18 · resting pressure + 3.72 · radiochemotherapy.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung. Ziel dieser Studie war eine Evaluation von klinischen und physiologischen Parametern zur Vorhersage des Kontinenzgrades nach Rückverlagerung der protektiven Loop-Ileostomie nach Rectumresektion wegen eines Carcinoms. Methode: 65 Patienten wurden klinisch mittels anorectaler Manometrie und orthograder Röntgenkontrastmitteldarstellung vor der Ileostomieresektion untersucht. Bei 24 Patienten war eine Radiochemotherapie durchgeführt worden. Der klinische Status wurden 91 ± 52 Wochen nach der Ileostomieresektion mittels eines standardisierten Fragebogens erhoben und der Kontinenzgrad nach dem Wexner-Kontinenzscore bewertet. Der postoperative Kontinenzscore wurde mit den Befunden vor Stomarückverlagerung korreliert und ein Pearson-Korrelationskoeffizient berechnet. Ergebnisse: Es ergab sich eine signifikante Korrelation des Kontinenzgrades mit der Anastomosenhöhe (r = –0,58, p 〈 0,001), dem mittleren Ruhedruck (r = –0,52, p 〈 0,001) und der rectalen Compliance (r = –0,43, p = 0,001). Die Kontinenz war nach Radiochemotherapie schlechter (p = 0,0001). Es fand sich keine signifikante Korrelation zwischen Kontinenzgrad und funktioneller Sphincterlänge, Kneifdruck, Perceptionsschwelle, Drangschwelle, maximal tolerablem Volumen und Kontinenz für semiliquides Kontrastmittel. Schlußfolgerung: Inkontinenz nach Rectumresektion ist multifaktoriell. Anastomosenhöhe, mittlerer Ruhedruck, rectale Compliance und Radiochemotherapie (RCT) spielen eine dominante Rolle. Basierend auf diesen Befunden ist über die Berechnung einer multivariaten Regressionsanalyse eine Abschätzung des Kontinenzgrades vor Ileostomieresektion mit folgender Formel möglich: Prognose-Wexner-Score = 18,23–0,94 · Anastomosenhöhe – 0,18 · Ruhedruck + 3,72 · RCT.
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  • 94
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Epidemiology ; Meningococcal ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Study objective: To review the epidemiology of meningococcal disease in Malta over the period 1994–1998, and to identify factors at presentation and in the management of meningococcal disease which may influence mortality. Design: All admissions with meningococcal disease to a national hospital in a population-based study over the period 1994–1998 were studied retrospectively. Main results: Fifty-six cases were diagnosed over 1994–1998, the incidence rising from 0.8/100,000 to 7.2/100,000 total population (p 〈 0.0001). The median time interval from arrival at hospital to administration of parenteral antibiotic decreased over the 5-year period from 4.4 to 1.2 hours (p = 0.025), with no significant change in the case-fatality rate. There was no association between the time interval from arrival at hospital to parenteral antibiotic administration, and mortality. The following features at presentation were associated with increased mortality: older age (p = 0.03), meningococcaemia compared with meningitis (p = 0.05), shock (p 〈 0.0001), disseminated intravascular coagulation (p = 0.0001), a normal/low white blood cell count (p = 0.0003), a low platelet count (p = 0.0001) and a high serum creatinine (p = 0.003). Conclusions: The upsurge of cases in the population was accompanied by a decrease in intervention time in the general hospital, probably due to increased awareness of the disease. This study did not show a positive relationship between early in-hospital administration of antibiotics and improved survival, probably because antibiotics were given earlier to those with fulminant disease and, with therefore, an inherently worse outcome. Stratification of cases by severity on admission is recommended in future studies.
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Strahlentherapie und Onkologie 176 (2000), S. 513-516 
    ISSN: 1439-099X
    Keywords: Key Words: Breast cancer ; Zoster ; Radiotherapy ; Prognosis ; Schlüsselwörter: Mammakarzinom ; Zoster ; Radiotherapie ; Prognose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Hintergrund: Wir haben in einer retrospektiven Analyse die Häufigkeit eines Herpes zoster bei Patientinnen mit Mammakarzinom und postoperativer Radiotherapie untersucht. Patientinnen und Methode: Von Januar 1985 bis Dezember 1993 erhielten 1 155 Patientinnen an unserer Klinik eine postoperative Bestrahlung nach Mastektomie (n = 961) oder brusterhaltende Operation (n = 194) in kurativer Intention. Das Alter betrug 34 bis 79 Jahre. 443 (38%) waren prä- und 712 (62%) postmenopausal, 21% hatten T3- bis T4-Tumoren, und 55% wiesen einen axillären Lymphknotenbefall auf. Alle Patientinnen erhielten eine Bestrahlung der Restbrust bzw. Thoraxwand bis 50 Gy, bei mastektomierten Patientinnen wurden zusätzlich die regionären Lymphknoten mit 44 Gy bestrahlt. 65% der Patientinnen erhielten eine zusätzliche Systemtherapie. Die Nachbeobachtungszeit betrug drei Monate bis 12,5 Jahre (Median 3,1 Jahre). Ergebnisse: 41/1 155 Patientinnen (3,7%) entwickelten im Nachbeobachtungszeitraum einen Herpes zoster. Alle Infektionen waren lokalisiert, eine generalisierte Hautinfektion oder systemische Infektionen traten nicht auf. Alter, Menopausenstatus, Erkrankungsstadium oder Art der Therapie (Brusterhaltung vs. Mastektomie, zusätzliche Chemotherapie) hatten keinen Einfluss auf die Frequenz von Zoster. Patientinnen mit starker akuter Hautreaktion waren ebenfalls nicht signifikant stärker betroffen als Patientinnen mit geringer Hautreaktion im Bestrahlungsfeld (5% vs. 2%). Das Auftreten eines Zosters nach Therapie hatte keinen Einfluss auf die Prognose hinsichtlich lokaler Kontrolle oder Überleben. Schlussfolgerungen: Die beobachtete Häufigkeit von Herpes zoster (etwa 4% nach drei Jahren Follow-up) lässt vermuten, dass ein Herpes zoster im untersuchten Kollektiv etwa drei- bis fünffach häufiger auftritt als anhand der Inzidenzen in der Normalbevölkerung erwartet. Dies ist nicht mit einer schlechteren Prognose assoziiert. Ob die erhöhte Frequenz auf die Radiotherapie zurückzuführen ist oder in Zusammenhang mit der Krebserkrankung steht, kann nich beurteilt werden.
    Notes: Background: We have studied the incidence of herpes zoster in patients with adjuvant radiotherapy for breast cancer with special emphasis on possible correlations with other prognostic factors or survival. Patients and Methods: From 1/1985 through 12/1993, 1 155 breast cancer patients received postoperative radiotherapy with curative interent in our department. After mastectomy 961 patients were irradiated and after breast-preserving treatment 194 patients. The age ranged from 34 to 79 years, the median follow-up was 3.1 years (range: 0.3 to 12.4 years). There were 443 women (38%) pre- and 712 (62%) postmenopausal. 21% had T3- to T4-tumors, 55% had axillary lymph node involvement, and 65% received additional systemic hormonal and/or cytotoxic therapy. In case of postmastectomy radiotherapy, the lateral chest wall and lymphatics (axilla, parasternal and supraclavicular nodes) were irradiated with an anterior photon field to 50 Gy (axilla 44 Gy) and most of the chest wall with an electron field to 44 Gy in 2-Gy fractions. After breast-preservation, the breast was irradiated via tangential fields with 6- to 8-MV photons up to 50 Gy plus 8 Gy electron boost to the tumor bed. Most of the patients were followed routinely in the department for 2 to 5 years. The frequency of zoster was determined retrospectively by reviewing the patients' records. Results: A zoster after radiotherapy occurred in 41/1 155 patients (3.7%), mostly within the first 2 years after completion of radiotherapy. All infections remained localized and there was no evidence for systemic infections. Type of treatment (mastectomy vs breast-preservation) had no impact on the frequency of herpes zoster (36/961 patients after mastectomy and 5/194 patients after breast-preservation). There was also no correlation with other prognostic factors such as age, menopausal status, stage of disease or the use of adjuvant chemotherapy, nor was the occurrence of zoster linked to the degree of acute skin reaction in the radiation field. Moreover, patients with zoster had the same prognosis as compared to patients without zoster with regard to local control and survival. Conclusions: The observed frequency of zoster (about 4% of patients after postoperative radiotherapy) in this retrospective study suggests that the risk of developing zoster in this patient group may be 3- to 5-fold higher as compared to the incidence in the general population. However, the occurrence of zoster was not linked to prognosis and treatment response.
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  • 96
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Keywords: Key words Pneumonia ; Procalcitonin ; C-reactive protein ; Etiology ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Background: The diagnostic value of admission serum levels of procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) as indicators of the etiology and prognosis was prospectively investigated. Patients: 96 patients, 50–85 years of age, treated in the hospital for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Results: On admission, all patients had elevated CRP levels (〉 10 mg/l), but only 60 patients (54%) had elevated PCT levels (〉 0.1 μg/l). The severity of disease measured by APACHE II score was strongly associated with admission levels of PCT (p = 0.006), but not with CRP. Eight of nine patients with pneumonia caused by atypical agents had PCT levels 〈 0.5 μg/l compared with 6/27 patients with pneumonia caused by classical bacterial pathogens, mainly Streptococcus pneumoniae (p = 0.03). No such correlation between CRP levels and etiology was found. Conclusion: Our data indicate that in patients admitted to the hospital with CAP, measurement of PCT gives information about the severity of the disease, and may aid the physician to differentiate typical bacterial etiology from atypical etiology, and thereby to choose appropriate initial antibiotic treatment.
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
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    Springer
    International urology and nephrology 32 (2000), S. 59-62 
    ISSN: 1573-2584
    Keywords: Bladder neoplasms ; Chemotherapy ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Of 50 patients with pT3b, pT4 and/or pN+ disease after cystectomy, 27 were administered adjuvant four cycles of cisplatin, methotrexate and vinblastine (CMV) and 23 were followed expectantly (no-treatment group).Median follow-up was 14 months in CMV group and 11 months in no-treatment group. Median recurrence-free survival was 21 months in CMV group and 17 months in no-treatment group (p = 0.573). Median overallsurvival was 41+ months in CMV group and 84+ months in no-treatmentgroup, respectively (p = 0.501). In our experience, adjuvant chemotherapy after cystectomy seemed not to provide a survival advantage.
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Quality of life research 9 (2000), S. 39-53 
    ISSN: 1573-2649
    Keywords: Disease-specific scale ; Generic scale ; Onychomycosis ; Quality of life ; Reliability ; Responsiveness ; Validity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract According to survey research, onychomycosis, a fungal infection of the toenail or fingernail, affects quality of life including physical and social functioning and emotional health. We developed an onychomycosis disease-specific questionnaire (ODSQ) that sensitively assessed symptom distress, functional impact, and social stigma associated with the disease. Samples of patients enrolled in a randomized controlled clinical trial were used for the psychometric evaluations. The multi-item scales were internally consistent (α ≥ 0.80) and reproducible (ICC 〉 0.85). Interscale correlations between the ODSQ and generic scales were moderate and consistent with the hypothesized magnitude and directions. Construct validation, employing known groups analysis, supported the hypothesized impact of onychomycosis on three domains of quality of life: physical functioning, emotional health, and social functioning. Significant differences were found between clinically “cured”, “improved”, or “failed” patients, and between mycologically “eradicated” and “persistent” patients. The ODSQ was responsive to clinical change and more sensitive than derived Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 scales. The ODSQ provides reliable, validated and responsive information about the consequences of onychomycosis and its treatment.
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  • 99
    ISSN: 1573-2649
    Keywords: Assessment ; EORTC QLQ-H&N35 ; Laryngeal cancer ; Quality of life ; Questionnaire ; Validation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this study was to test the validity and reliability of the European organization for research and treatment of cancer (EORTC) quality of life questionnaire (QLQ)-head and neck (H&N) 35 in Italian laryngeal cancer patients. The original questionnaire was developed by the EORTC quality of life (QoL) study group and tested in H&N cancer patients from Norway, Sweden, and the Netherlands. The Italian translation of the questionnaire used in this study was made by a team of the CRO, National Cancer Institute, using a double-back translation method between independent translators. The translated EORTC QLQ-H&N35 was given to 99 patients with H&N cancer who had undergone total laryngectomy 1–26 years before and had been then treated with radiotherapy and, in some cases, chemotherapy. The questionnaire was re-administrated to 33 patients after 1 month to test its stability over time. It was structurally made up of seven scales (pain, swallowing, sense, speech, social eating, social contact, and sexuality) and 11 single items that considered the most important clinical aspects characterizing the QoL in H&N cancer patients. The statistical analysis of the indexes of validity and reliability confirmed the results obtained with other linguistic versions of the questionnaire. Our Italian version of the EORTC QLQ-H&N35 proved to be a statistically valid instrument to assess QoL in laryngectomized patients.
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  • 100
    ISSN: 1573-2649
    Keywords: Breast cancer ; EORTC QLQ-BR23 ; Iran ; Quality of life ; Validation study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The objective of this study was to test the reliability and validity of the Iranian version of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Breast Cancer-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ-BR23). The English-language version of the questionnaire was translated into Persian (Iranian language) and its final form was approved by the EORTC Study Group on Quality of Life and then it was used in this study. The questionnaire was administered at two points in time to a consecutive sample of 168 newly diagnosed breast cancer patients and almost all of them (99%) found the questions easy to understand and acceptable. Cronbach's α coefficient for multi-item scales (to test reliability) ranged from 0.63 to 0.95 at baseline and from 0.75 to 0.92 at follow-up administration of the questionnaire. Validity analysis was performed using known-groups' comparison analysis. The results showed that all functional and symptom scales discriminated between sub-groups of patients differing in clinical status as defined by their performance status and disease stage. In addition, all functional and symptoms scales detected change over time, as a function of changes in patients' performance status. In general, the findings of this study indicated that the Iranian version of the EORTC QLQ-BR23 is a reliable and valid supplementary measure of the quality of life in breast cancer patients and can be used in clinical trials and studies of outcome research in oncology.
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