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  • Electronic Resource  (172)
  • 1980-1984  (172)
  • 1984  (74)
  • 1982  (98)
  • Gas chromatography  (172)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Steroid biochemistry of virilising adrenal tumours in childhood (1984)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 142 (1984), S. 165-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Adrenal gland neoplasms ; Urine steroids ; Gas chromatography ; Mass spectrometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Steroid excretion in urine of 12 infants with virilising adrenal tumours has been determined using gas chromatography. In six children, (Group A, five female, one male) aged 2.8–5.3 years, very high urinary excretions of 17 oxosteroids (〉40 μmol/24 h) were largely accounted for by dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA). In one of the girls, the pattern of steroids excreted in urine was similar to that of newborn infants, with high excretions of 16-oxygenated derivatives of DHA. The histology of this tumour suggested a neoplasia of fetal-type adrenocortical cells. Very large tumours were found in three of the infants, two of whom have died and one has multiple metastases. From the other three children, small, well-encapsulated adenomas were successfully removed. Six children (Group B), had moderately elevated 17-oxosteroid exrretions (8–17 μmol/ 24 h). In five of these cases (four female, one male) aged 0.8–5 years, 11β-hydroxyandrosterone was a consistently prominent urinary steroid. In one boy, aged 7.7 years, 17-oxosteroid excretion was 15 μmol/24 h and the major steroids in urine were metabolites of pregnenolone. These six children have survived with no clinical evidence of recurrent tumour. The in vivo functional activities of the tumours can be deduced from the different profiles of steroids in urine. These have revealed heterogeneous patterns of steroid biosynthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00442442
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stereoselectivity of enzymes involved in toxicity and detoxification of soman (1984)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 55 (1984), S. 70-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Soman ; Gas chromatography ; Mass spectrometry ; Cholinesterases ; Aliesterase ; Phosphorylphosphatase ; Toxicity ; Stereoselectivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The fate of the four stereoisomers of soman [0-(1,2,2-trimethylpropyl)-methyl-fluoro phosphonate] has been studied a) in vivo in mouse blood and liver after IP injection of 0.75 × LD50 Rc- and Sc-soman respectively, and b) in vitro upon incubation wih acetyl- und pseudocholinesterase, aliesterase and phosphorylphosphatase. The analytical method used is based on gas chromatography — mass spectrometry with deuterated internal standard. Most soman disappeared very rapidly from blood and liver. In liver, SCRP and RCRP, the two isomers that preferentially react with cholinesterase, could be detected. The level of SCRP, which was higher than that of RCRP, could be followed for 17–18 h. In blood only SCRP could be detected. The amounts found were fairly constant during the time period 2 min to 4h, and it could even be detected 17–18 h after soman administration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00316590
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The determination of environmental 2-ethoxyethanol by gas chromatography (1984)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 55 (1984), S. 272-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: 2-Ethoxyethanol ; Teratogen ; Adsorption ; Desorption ; Gas chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A gas Chromatographic procedure for the determination of 2-ethoxyethanol (C2H5OCH2CH2OH) was developed by using the general principles of analysis of solvent vapors. 2-Ethoxyethanol was sampled by adsorbing on activated carbon. It was desorbed with carbon disulfide plus 2-propanol (0.5%). The analytical column was packed with 10% free fatty acid phase on Chromosorb-P AW. The analysis was conducted at 130° C isothermal using a flame ionization detector. Addition of 2-propanol (0.5%) to carbon disulfide improved (P≤0.01) desorption of 2-ethoxyethanol adsorbed on activated carbon. The mean desorption efficiency of carbon disulfide plus 2-propanol (0.5%) was 87.9±2.86% (n=15). Based on a 101 air sample and detector sensitivity of 2×10−10AFS, the calculated limit of detection of 2-ethoxyethanol was 0.1 ppm. The precision (coefficient of variation) for this analytical procedure was 3.34% (n=12). In conclusion, 2-ethoxyethanol adsorbed on activated carbon can be desorbed with carbon disulfide plus 2-propanol (0.5%). Subsequently the desorbed 2-ethoxyethanol can be analyzed by gas chromatographic identification on 10% FFAP using a flame ionization detector.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00341025
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of free fractions of tricyclic antidepressants (1984)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 327 (1984), S. 260-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Amitriptyline ; Imipramine ; Clomipramine ; Demethylated metabolites ; Free fractions ; Serum ; Equilibrium dialysis ; Gas chromatography ; Binding parameters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The plasma protein binding of amitriptyline, imipramine, clomipramine, and their primary demethylated metabolites were studied by means of a method combining dialysis and gas chromatography. Equilibrium in dialysis of serum containing amitriptyline and its metabolite nortriptyline was attained in about 0.5 h with the drug dissolved in the serum compartment, and in about 2 h with the drug passing from the buffer to the serum compartment. The calculation of free fractions was influenced by variations with dialysis time in the volumes of serum and buffer. Increase of pH in serum increased the protein binding of the weakly basic drugs studied, and made the Donnan distribution effects more pronounced. At pH 7.4, the Donnan effect was negligible. Binding parameters for the 6 tricyclic antidepressant substances studied were estimated for the binding to α1-acid glycoprotein and for total binding in serum. For α1-acid glycoprotein, the k-values ranged from 1·105 to 8·105 M−1, and for pooled serum from 0.4·105 to 8·105 M−1. The determined number of binding sites on the α1-acid glycoprotein was, on average 0.87 for the 6 substances. In serum, the binding capacity was 2–14 times the concentration of α1-acid glycoprotein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00502459
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Esterification of C2−C16 dicarboxylic acids to n-butyl esters in aqueous solutions for their gas chromatographic analysis (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 637-641 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Esterification in aqueous solution ; n-Butyl esters of C2−C16 dicarboxylic acids ; Dicarboxylic acid analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary C2−C16 dicarboxylic acids were esterified in aqueous solution in the presence of sulfuric acid. Esterification in water/n-butanol mixtures with mole ratios between 0.02 and 2.53 can be utilized for the quantitative determination of the dicarboxylic acids by gas chromatography. The presence of water does not interfere at water/n-butanol mole ratios below 0.27. For mole ratios above 0.27 anhydrous sodium sulfate has been used for binding the water. The mole ratio range was 0.25–0.75 for anhydrous sodium sulfate/water, and 0.32–1.3 for sulfuric acid/anhydrous sodium sulfate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02261980
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solubilities and partial molar enthalpies of solution for polar gas-liquid systems determined by gas chromatography (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 663-667 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Gas solubilities ; Enthalpies of solution ; Polar solutions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The gas-liquid chromatographic method has been used to determine the solubilities and partial molar enthalpies of solution of the gases H2S, CO2 and COS in four polar solvents. The results agree well with literature values obtained using conventional techniques, with the one exception of H2S in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone. In this case there is some evidence for the occurrence of adsorption at the gas-liquid interface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02265810
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas chromatographic analysis of aromatic, carboxylic acids in the presence of C1−C5 fatty acids and C2−C7 dicarboxylic acids esterified in aqueous solutions as the n-butyl esters (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 673-676 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Esterification in aqueous solution ; n-Butyl esters of aromatic polycarboxylic acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The direct esterification and gas chromatographic analysis of aromatic carboxylic acids as n-butyl esters is described. Derivatization is performed in aqueous solution with n-butanol in the presence of sulfuric acid. The butyl esters of benzoic, phthalic, hemimellitic, trimellitic, trimesic and pyromellitic acids permit their gas chromatographic separation from each other and from fatty acids and alipatic dicarboxylic acids. At mole ratios of [H2O]/ [n-BuOH]≤0.04 the water present does not interfere with the esterification reaction. At mole ratios above 0.04 anhydrous sodium sulfate is used for binding the water, at mole ratios of [Na2SO4 anh.]/[H2O]=0.25–0.75.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02265812
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactions of some polar compounds with methylsilicone liquid phases in gas chromatography (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 202-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Polysiloxane stationary phases ; Heat of adsorption ; Heat of solution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The changes in the heat of solution of polar compounds and xylene isomers in methylsilicone fluid OV-101 deposited on Chromosorb W AW DMCS were studied. It was shown that the heat of solution increases with an increase of the percentage loading of the OV-101 up to 10%. Solution and adsorption thermodynamic characteristics of the studied system are briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02276733
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of interaction of olefin-bonded transition metal complexes by gas chromatography. Diphenylphosphine complexes with CoCl2 and CoBr2 (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 205-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Metal complexes ; Chemically bonded phase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Packings consisting of diphenylphosphine complexes with CoCl2 and CoBr2, chemically bonded to the silica surface, were synthesized and their retention parameters determined. The packings are capable of specifically interacting with electron-donating compounds by forming π-complexes. The interaction is considerably stronger in the case of CoBr2-containing packing than in the case of CoCl2-containing packing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02276734
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On-column injection in the stopped-flow mode with open-tubular columns (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 234-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Open-tubular columns ; On-column injection ; Stopped-flow operation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A simple, inexpensive, on-column injector of the septum moving-needle kind is described for quantitative analysis using open-tubular columsn. when operated in the stopped-flow mode an improvement incolumn efficiency is observed combined wit a diminished tendency to produce split-top peaks, particularly for late eluting peaks. Using electronic integration a relative error of about 2.7% was observed for peaks spanning a wide range of sample concentrations and volatilities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02270556
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Viscosity of gases used as the mobile phase in gas chromatography (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 243-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Carrier gas ; Viscosity ; Influence of temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The vicosity-temperature relationship of the three gases (helium, nitrogen and hydrogen) most frequenly used as the carrier gas in gas chromatography is studied. Based on available data, equaitions are derived to describe this relationship. Using these equations viscosity data are tabulated for the chromatographically important temperature range.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02270558
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas chromatographic determination of parabens in various pharmaceutical dosage forms (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 260-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Parabens and their dissolution ; Pharmaceutical dosage forms ; Derivatization ; Gas chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A specific, sensitive and general applicabla gas chromatographic method is described for the determination of parabens in various liquid pharmaceutical preparations: propylparaben and butylparaben in a liquid antacid dosage form (I); methylparaben, ethylparaben and propylparaben in a syrup (II); methylparaben and propylparaben in a solution for injection (III). Each time one of the parabens is used as internal standard. The parabens are extracted with diethylether and derivatized by silylation. Different columns are used for the analysis of the parabens: 3% SE-30 column, a 3% QF-1 column for different selectivity, a 2% OV-1 column for isothermal operation. Special attention is attributed to the standard: the parabens are dissolved in a minimal amount of 0.1 M sodium hydroxide and extracted in the same way as the pharmaceutical dosage form.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02270561
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resolution and assignment of the configuration of secondary aliphatic alcohols by gas chromatography on chiral phase (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 294-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Configuration ; Resolution ; Alcohols
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The study of the resolution of sixteen secondary aliphatic alcohols by gas chromatography on (+)-dodecyl (2R, 3R)-tartrate, trapping the ascending part of the peak from a conventional filled column, has allowed the determination in a single operation of the sign and order of emergence of enantiomers. A correlation between the configuration of these secondary alcohols and their order of emergence has been established.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02259080
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of carboxylic acids by gas chromatography. Derivatisation using chloroacetone (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 309-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Carboxylic acids ; Acetonyl derivatives
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The preparation of the acetonyl esters of nine aliphatic carboxylic acids is described, the general formula of the derivatives being RCOOCH2COCH3 where R=alkyl or H. The derivatives show good chromatographic properties on both packed and capillary columns. The electron impact and chemical ionisation mass spectra of the derivatives are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02259083
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A thermodynamic criterion for the identification of the functional group of aliphatic compounds by gas chromatography (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 449-455 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Thermodynamic relationships ; Retention index ; Peak identification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A thermodynamic criterion, ΔQ, is suggested which permits to estimate the difference in the functional group energy of interactions for two different stationary phases. The linear dependence of ΔQ on the homolog number m of any series Rm X can be used as the thermodynamic criterion for the identification of substances by GC analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02262976
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Performance of open tubular columns as a function of tube diameter and liquid phase film thickness (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 477-488 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Open tubular (capillary) columns ; Sample capacity ; Column comparison ; Film thickness ; Column diameter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Wall-coated, open-tubular (capillary) columns prepared from different diameter tubing, with different liquid phase film thickness, are compared with each other and with packed and support-coated open-tubular columns. The comparison is based on the variation of the phase ratio and the capacity factor, and includes column efficiency (HETP, theoretical plate number), resolution, retention time, and sample capacity. Problems associated with the evaluation of the sample capacity are outlined. The influence of temperature on column performance is discussed in detail. Finally, the possibilities of short, wide-bore open-tubular columns prepared with a thick liquid-phase film are demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02267232
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Open tubular columns: The influence of changing the liquid phase film thickness on column efficiency (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 367-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Open tubular (capillary) columns ; Variation of film thickness ; Thick-film columns ; Mass transfer terms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The factors characterizing the influence of the variation of the liquid phase film thickness on the mass transfer terms in the Golay equations describing the performance of open tubular columns are investigated and numerical values are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02262482
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The preparation of analytically stable, immobilized stationary phase coatings on colums packing materials (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 11-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Cross-linked Stationary phase ; Immobilized Stationary phase ; Packed columns ; Trapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A coating of silicone SE-54 on Chromosorb W has been converted to an analytically stable, immobilized stationary phase layer by cross-linking with an organic peroxide. Up to 10% by weight has been applied in this manner. Excellent high temperature qualities are exhibited, such as low bleeding and good base line stability, during typical analyses. Poly (2,6-dimethyl-p-phenylene oxide) has also been crosslinked as a surface coating on Chromosorb W with an organic peroxide. From 3 to 4% by weight has been immobilized in this way. The resultant packing material, following high temperature conditioning, has been examined for use as an adsorbent of trace substances, similar to the applications to which such adsorbents as Tenax GC have commonly been applied, e.g. trace analysis of air. It appears to exhibit satisfactory properties for this analytical purpose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02279455
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas-liquid chromatography of isopropylidene-glucose and glucose as their trimethylsilyl derivatives (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 21-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Isopropylidene-glucose ; Glucose ; GC of TMS-derivatives
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary This paper describes the gas chromatographic separation of the mixture of di- and mono-O-isopropylidene-D-glucose and D-glucose as their trimethylsilyl derivatives. The use of OV-101 as liquid phase provides a complete separation for the all components in the mixture. Quantative analysis was performed using xylitol as the internal standard for di- and mono-O-isopropylidene-D-glucose, and sorbitol as the internal standard for α-and β-glucose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02279458
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coupling of chromatography and NMR part 5: Analysis of high-boiling gas-chromatographic fractions by on-line nuclear magnetic resonance (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 31-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Nuclear magnetic resonance ; Terpenes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A procedure is described for recording1H NMR spectra of flowing gaseous GC fractions boiling as high as 200°C. The line width of the signals in the NMR spectra is smaller than 2.2Hz.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02279461
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromatographic determination of tetramethrin on woolen cloth and in aqueous treatment formulations (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 556-559 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Liquid chromatography ; Tetramethrin ; Residues
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A method is described for the analysis of tetramethrin aqueous formulation and residues of tetramethrin on woolen cloth. The samples were extracted with acetonitrile and partitioned with benzene. Interferences were removed by liquid column chromatography with acid alumina and eluted with 10% ethyl acetate-hexane. Analysis was by gas chromatography with a 10% UCW98 (methylsilicone) column. Detection was made with the flame ionization detector to avoid the repeated dilutions necessary with use of the electron capture detector.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02265694
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of electric interactions in the retention index concept; Implications in quantitative structure-retention studies (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 615-618 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Retention index ; Electric parameters ; Physico-chemical relationships ; Structure-retention study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A new equation is derived relating the retention index to the molecular polarizabilities, ionization potentials and permanent dipole moments of the stationary phase and the solute. Various implications of this equation to quantitative structure-retention relationships are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02261974
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Air-sampling of aldehydes—Application to chromatographic determination of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 137-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Aldehydes and ketones ; 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine-coated silica gel ; Gas chromatography ; Column liquid chromatography ; Pollution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary After a brief review of several methods described in the literature this paper discusses air-sampling on 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine-coated silica gel and identification requirements for aldehydes and ketones most commonly found in industrial pollution. Quantitative analysis of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde either by GC or by HPLC techniques is established using a dynamic system producing test atmospheres and compared with the usual colorimetric determinations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02258770
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High resolution gas chromatography: Simultaneous detection of narcotics, adulterants, and diluents in street samples (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 140-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Narcotics: street samples ; Narcotics, adulterants and diluents: simultaneous determination ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070308
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High resolution gas chromatography (HRGC) of the lipids extracted from blood serum (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 274-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column, glass ; Liquid-liquid and liquid-solid extraction ; Serum lipids ; Fatty acids ; Cholesterol and cholesteryl esters ; Triglycerides ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070509
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Picomole amounts of methyl chloride by reaction gas chromatography (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 280-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Reaction GC ; Iodination reactor ; Electron capture detection ; Trace analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070512
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  • 27
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    Device for injection of absorbent-trapped compounds on to a WCOT column (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 477-479 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Glass capillary column ; Adsorbent ; Cold trapping ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070806
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  • 28
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    Analysis of pesticide residues by high resolution gas chromatography. Part 1: Comparison between packed and capillary columns in pesticide residue determinations. Practical considerations for routine use of capillary gas chromatography (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 480-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Packed and capillary columns ; Fungicides and insecticides ; Adsorption ; Length of column ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070807
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  • 29
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    Advantages and limits of the quantitative determination of α-ferrocenyl carbinols with capillary GC (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 536-537 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column ; On-Column injection ; Vaporizing injection ; Decomposition ; α-Ferrocenyl carbinols ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070910
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  • 30
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    The Analysis of volatile compounds by purge and trap with whole column cryotrapping (WCC) on a fused silica capillary column (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 504-508 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fused silica capillary columns ; GC/MS/DS ; Cryotrapping and cryofocussing of organics ; Purgeable compound analysis ; Trace organic analysis ; Priority pollutants ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The purge and trap (P&T) method of analysis has been interfaced with fused silica capillary column gas chromatography. This interfacing has been accomplished without splitting the P&T trap desorption carrier gas. Thus, 100% of the purged compounds are transferred to the column. The analytes are cryofocussed on the column using whole column cryotrapping (WCC) at -80°C. The resulting P&T/WCC procedure is extremely well-suited to the analysis of trace purgeable aqueous organic compounds. Samples and standards containing a variety of aromatic standard compounds were analyzed. The standards included benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, C3-C4-benzenes, and naphthalene, as well as three P&T internal standard compounds. Chromatographic peak widths were uniformly less than 6 s at the base and excellent precision was obtained in the relative retention time data for all compounds. The chromatogram of a groundwater sample contaminated with aromatic gasoline compounds is also presented. Since P&T/WCC works well with fused silica capillary columns, the full sensitivity and chromatographic efficiency of capillary gas chromatography is made available to P&T analyses.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070902
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  • 31
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    Kovats retention indices of selected olefins on bonded phase fused silica capillaries (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 542-544 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fused silica (capillary) columns ; Bonded (cross-linked) phases ; Hydrocarbon analysis ; Olefinic hydrocarbons ; Retention index data ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070913
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  • 32
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    Solute focusing using the solvent effect  -  A mass spectrometric investigation of packed bed inlets (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 142-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Solute focussing ; Solvent effect ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070309
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  • 33
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    Deactivation of fused silica capillary columns with polymethylhydrosiloxanes (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 329-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fused silica capillary columns ; Deactivation ; Polymethylhydrosiloxanes ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070608
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  • 34
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    Multidetection of pesticides in capillary gas chromatography (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 338-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Pesticides ; Multidetection ; ECD-NPSD-SSD ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070613
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  • 35
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    Analysis of gases containing inorganic compounds and light hydrocarbons on fused-silica open-tubular columns prepared with a thick liquid phase filmEnlarged text of a paper presented at the 35th Pittsburgh Conference on Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Atlantic City, NJ, USA, March 5-9, 1984. (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 358-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Thick liquid phase films ; Natural and refinery gases ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Capillary columns having a thick liquid phase film and a low phase ratio permit the separation of low molecular mass compounds which would have a very small capacity factor on columns with a classical thin film. At the same time, the increased sample capacity allows conventional hot-wire thermal conductivity detectors to be used with such columns. The analysis of natural and refinery gases, containing both inorganic compounds and light (C1—C7) hydrocarbons, utilizing a combination of hot-wire and flame ionization detectors, is demonstrated.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070705
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  • 36
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    Optimization of capillary parameters for gas chromatography (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 382-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; HETP equation ; Optimum column parameters ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An HETP equation for the capillary column is developed that takes into account the dependence of gaseous diffusion on pressure, the compressibility of the mobile phase, together with the unique relationship between mobile phase velocity, and the resistance to mass transfer in the stationary phase. The equation is used to develop a procedure for column optimization and expressions are derived that allow the optimum column radius and optimum column length to be calculated for a given fixed inlet pressure. It is shown that fast, simple separations are optimally achieved using relatively short small diameter columns. Conversely, optimum performance for the separation of complex mixtures requiring higher efficiencies requires the use of long columns with relatively large diameters.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070708
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  • 37
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    On the potential of CGC in triglyceride analysis (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 431-432 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Triglycerides ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070716
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  • 38
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    Determination of nitrated-polyaromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs) in environmental samples by high resolution chromatographic techniques (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 389-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Low and high resolution liquid chromatography ; Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Alkali flame detection ; Chemical ionization mass spectrometry ; Nitro-PAHs ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An analytical procedure is described for the fractionation of organic compounds present in environmental samples and the determination of nitro polyaromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs). Both low and high resolution liquid chromatography are employed for the prefractionation of the soluble organic fraction (SOF) extracted from particulate matter or gaseous pollutants collected on adsorption traps. High resolution gas chromatography is used to analyze four fractions containing alkanes, PAHs, nitro-PAHs, and other polar PAHs. Nitrogen-containing species are separated by GC and detected specifically using an alkali flame (NPD) detector. Flame ionization (FID) detection, GC-MS of positive ions, and negative ion chemical ionization MS of the whole fraction is used for the identification and quantitation of the various components. The composition of SOF extracted from particulate matter emitted from diesel exhausts is elucidated and a large number of nitro-PAHs identified by the combination of the various techniques.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070709
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  • 39
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    Immobilization of stationary phase films by gamma radiation. Part 2 medium-polarity OV-1701-Vi phase (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 700-701 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Glass capillary columns ; Immobilization ; 60Co gamma radiation ; Medium-polarity phase ; OV-1701-Vi ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240071207
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  • 40
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    Analysis of volatile organic compounds in polymers by dynamic headspace and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 185-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Mass spectrometry ; Dynamic headspace ; Deans switching ; Cold trap ; Reinjection ; Polymers ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An experimental method for the analysis of volatile organic compounds in polymers is described. The technique involves dynamic headspace sampling, collection, and concentration of the volatiles in a cold trap, followed by capillary column gas chromatography/mass spectometry. Flow switching is carried out by the Deans switching technique. Four technical polymers used as pharmaceutical packaging materials have been analyzed in order to demonstrate the method.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070403
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  • 41
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    The use of coupled columns for the capillary gas chromatographic separation of water pollutants (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 215-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, fused silica ; Coupled columns ; Halogenated organic pollutants ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070410
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  • 42
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    Chromatographic mechanisms of coated porous polymers: Chromosorb 102 coated with squalane (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 222-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Interface ; Partition ; Adsorption ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070413
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  • 43
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    Activated carbon fiber as stationary phase in gas chromatography (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 282-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Gas analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070513
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  • 44
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    Large sample injection method (≥ 100 μL) for capillary GC using a commercial thermodesorption unit as injection device (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 306-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Thermodesorption ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A commercial thermodesorption and cold trap unit can be used as a large sample volume injection device in high resolution gas chromatography. Volumes of more than 100 μl can be injected. More than 97% of solvents, such as hexane, can be removed by a Tenax TA precolumn without any loss of compounds with volatilities comparable to naphthalene. Experimental conditions, recovery rates of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and the reproducibility of the method are described in detail. The method was successfully applied for the determination of PAH in air particulate matter extracts.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070604
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  • 45
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    Stability of dibenzothiophene oxides under gas chromatographic conditions (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 334-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fused-Silica columns ; Thermal stability ; Dibenzothiophene oxides ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070611
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  • 46
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    Overcoming background contamination in closed loop stripping analysis (CLSA) (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 340-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Sample preparation ; Closed loop stripping analysis ; Charcoal adsorbent filter ; Overcoming contamination ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070614
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  • 47
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    Direct gas chromatographic analysis of halogenated hydrocarbons at the part-per-trillion level (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 370-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Trace analysis ; On-column injection ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Large sample volume on-column injection (up to 250 μL) of n-pentane solutions of halogenated hydrocarbons has been employed for the direct measurement of both low-boiling and high-boiling compounds in what is essentially a single run. Two-bonded phase, fused-silica capillary columns are joined in series, through which the low-boiling compounds are first chromatographed and detected with an electron capture detector. High-boiling compounds are then trapped in a section joining the two columns, and subsequently chromatographed in the second column, using the same detector. This procedure permits analysis at the ppt level.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070706
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  • 48
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    Multidimensional capillary gas chromatography-enantiomeric separations of selected cuts using a chiral second column (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 404-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Multidimensional capillary columns ; Enantiomeric separations ; Intermediate trapping ; Mixed polarities ; Terpene alcohols ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070711
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  • 49
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    Analysis of pesticide residues by high resolution gas chromatography. Part 2: Determination of fungicide and insecticide residues in various crops (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 533-536 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Fungicides and insecticides ; Sensitivity limits ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070909
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  • 50
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    Determination by MS-MS of 1,1-dichlorodimethyl sulfone from pulp mill bleach plant effluents in aquatic organisms (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 68-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: MS-MS ; Gas chromatography ; Capillary GC-ECD, GC-MS, GC-MS-MS ; Bleaching ; Chlorine compounds ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Gas chromatography (GC) with electron capture detection (ECD), GC combined with mass spectrometry (MS), GC with multi-stage mass spectometry (MS-MS), and direct inlet MS-MS have been used to determine 1,1-dichlorodimethyl sulfone (DDS) in aquatic organisms in the receiving waters outside a pulp mill bleach plant. Both GC-MS-MC and direct inlet MS-MS of tissue extracts of fish and mussel appear to be sensitive, selective, and rapid analytical techniques for the determination of DDS.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070204
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    Selective determination of substituted PAH in aerosols using liquid CO2-extraction, HPLC prefractionation on chemically activated silica, and HRGC combined with negative ion mass spectrometryPresented in part at the 5th International Symposium on Capillary Gas Chromatography, Riva del Garda, Italy, 1983 and the VIIth International Symposium on Column Liquid Chromatography, Baden-Baden, 1983. (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 74-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column ; HPLC prefractionation ; MS ; ECD ; Substituted PAHs ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method is described which allows the determination of different substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) such as NO2-PAH, carbazoles, keto-PAH, and aza-arenes in aerosol samples. Liquid CO2-extraction is used to minimize the loss of reactive compounds. High performance liquid chromatography on chemically activated silica is employed to prefractionate the samples into subfractions with a minimum of overlap between different PAH compound classes. Both electron capture detection and negative ion chemical ionization combined with capillary gas chromatography are used for identification and quantification. The latter method also allows distinction between isomers with different toxic properties when N2O/CH4 reaction gas mixtures are used. Selectivity for tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins as against pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls can be improved by this technique. The applicability of the method is critically discussed and different examples are given.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070205
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  • 52
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    Autocrosslinkable methyl-2-phenylethylpolysiloxane stationary phase for capillary column gas chromatography (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 89-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column ; Stationary phase ; Polysiloxane ; Autocrosslinkable ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Methyl-2-phenylethylpolysiloxane polymers have been synthesized for comparison with methylphenylpolysiloxane stationary phases for gas chromatography. The 50% 2-phenylethyl polysiloxane was found to be autocrosslinkable at 260°C without addition of free redical initiator. Although the selectivity of this phase appears to be similar to the 50% phenyl polysiloxane, its thermal stability is not as high.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070207
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    Solute focusing, using the solvent effect in capillary GLC: The solvent effect in the presence of stationary phase (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 92-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column ; Solute focusing ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070208
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  • 54
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    Separation and analysis of 3-nitrobenzo[e]pyrene and 1-, 3-, and 6-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene via fused silica GC combined with negative ionization atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 41-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Mass spectrometry ; Capillary GC ; Fused silica GC ; 6-Nitrobenzo[a]pyrene ; 3-Nitrobenzo[a]pyrene ; 1-Nitrobenzo[a]pyrene ; 3-Nitrobenzo[e]pyrene ; Nitro-PAHs ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070108
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    GC/MS analysis of chlorinated paraffins with negative ion chemical ionization (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 33-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chlorinated paraffins ; Gas chromatography ; Mass spectrometry ; Negative ion ; Chemical ionization ; Capillary column ; On-column injection ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Although chlorinated paraffins (CP) are produced in large amounts (300 000 tonnes per year), little is known about their occurrence in the environment due to the lack of specific and sensitive analytical methods. The present paper describes the GC/MS analysis of different CP's using capillary gas chromatography with on-column injection and negative ion chemical ionization (NCI) mass spectrometry. Chromatographic resolution of groups of isomers and homologues was obtained. The chromatograms and mass spectra are discussed. The suitability of this method for trace analysis of a CP sample using multiple ion detection (MID) is described.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070106
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  • 56
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    Electronic Resource
    Simple carrier gas flow controller unit for capillary GC with On-column injection (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 48-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Carrier gas flow controller unit ; On-column injection ; Sample, loading onto column ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070112
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  • 57
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    Isolation, concentration, and gas chromatographic determination of C4—C12 fatty acids in water and sludge (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 540-541 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary ; SDE enrichment ; Fatty acids ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070912
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  • 58
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    Selective and non-selective sampling from precolumn separations - with emphasis on the sampling of aqueous solutionsPaper based on a poster presented at the Fifth International Symposium on Capillary Chromatography, Riva del Garda, Italy, April 26-28, 1983. (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 4-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Immobilized capillary columns ; Aqueous solutions ; On-column injection ; Split injection ; Multidimensional separations ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Various methods of gas chromatographic analysis at high resolution and low detection limits in aqueous solutions are described with regard to sampling techniques, column technology, and the application of coupled pre-columns, also including multidimensional methods. Immobilized polyethylene glycol (Carbowax 20 M) columns have also been produced and used successfully.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070102
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  • 59
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    Polarizable biphenyl polysiloxane stationary phase for capillary column gas chromatography (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 13-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Biphenyl polysiloxane ; Stationary phase ; Polarizable phase ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A crosslinkable biphenylmethylpolysiloxane stationary phase was synthesized for capillary column gas chromatography and compared with methyl, phenyl, and cyanopropyl polysiloxane stationary phases for the separation of isomeric polycyclic aromatic compounds. While the new phase gave similar separations of nonpolar isomers when compared to the nonpolar phases, separations of polar isomers were greatly improved because of the induced polarity of the biphenyl group of the stationary phase by the solute molecules. This polarizable stationary phase offers a unique selectivity which is not available in other stationary phases.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070103
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  • 60
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    Determination of biogenic quaternary ammonium compounds on fused silica capillary columns with a splitless injector as a chemical reactor/pyrolysis chamber (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 19-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, fused silica ; Splitless injection ; Flash derivatization ; Quaternary ammonium compounds ; Acetylcholine ; Biogenic amines ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A conventional splitless injector is used as a pyrolysis chamber or chemical reactor for the N-demethylation of acetylcholine and other choline esters. The novel uses of 2-aminoethanol as a N-demethylation reagent in splitless injection and bonded-phase fused silica capillary columns in the separation of the tertiary amine derivatives of choline esters are described. A comparison is made between non-polar and moderately polar fused silica capillary columns in the separation of choline esters.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070104
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  • 61
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    Organic micropollutants in the sewage from a phenoxyalkanoic acid production plant after biological treatment in a municipal trickling filters plant (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 25-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; CGC-ECD, CGC-MS ; Chlorophenols ; Chlorophenoxyalkanoic acids ; Neutral chlorinated compounds ; Biological sewage treatment plant ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The environmentally hazardous organic substances in the waste water from the manufacture of chlorophenoxyalkanoic acids have been identified and semiquantified before and after passing through a biological treatment plant for municipal sewage, the secondary effluent of which is discharged into a marine ecosystem. The organics belong to three groups: (i) chlorophenols; (ii) chlorophenoxyalkanoic acids; and (iii) chlorinated neutrals. The removal of chlorophenols and phenoxyalkanoic acids was shown to be good, with a 90% overall reduction of chlorinated substances in the sewage passing through the treatment plant. The lowest reduction occurred for the polychlorinated compounds. Two chlorobenzofurans among the chlorinated neutrals were preliminarily identified.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070105
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  • 62
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    Improved capillary GC/MS interface (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 137-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Deactivated fused silica tubing ; Zero dead volume union ; Capillary column GC/MS interface ; Test mixture for non-polar columns ; Test mixture of phenols ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070307
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    Determination of cyclopentolate by capillary column gas-liquid chromatography (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 144-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column ; Cyclopentolate ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070310
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  • 64
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    Trace analysis by simultaneous on-column injection/enrichment of massive sample volumes (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 148-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; On-column injection/enrichment ; Milliliter sample volumes ; Trace analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070312
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  • 65
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    Prediction of gas chromatographic retention indices of linear, branched, and cyclic alkanes from their physicochemical properties (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 191-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Saturated hydrocarbons ; Retention indices ; Molar refraction ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Kováts retention indices for a series of linear, branched, and cyclic alkanes on squalane at any temperature, and on other stationary phases of different polarity at a given temperature, are related to physicochemical properties of the solutes, such as boiling point and molar refraction, by multiple regression analysis. The equations found permit calculation of the Kováts retention index for all alkanes, with standard deviations close to experimental error. The same equations can also be used for calculating the physicochemical parameters they contain.
    Additional Material: 8 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070404
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    An experimental study of cooling during evaporation of liquid films (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 209-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Solvent effect ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070407
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    The dynamic film concentrator - A new approach to large and dilute samples in GLC (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 212-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Trace analysis ; Solvent effect in GC ; Parts per trillion ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070409
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  • 68
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    Peak purity in analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by programmed-temperature capillary gas chromatography (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 270-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column ; Temperature-programmed analysis ; Retention indices ; Polychclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070508
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  • 69
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    Amino acid enantiomer separation for the detection of adulteration in fruit juices (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 284-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Fruit juices ; Amino acids ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070514
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  • 70
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    On the stability of polarity mixtures used in CGC (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 332-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Polarity mixtures ; Reaction products ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070609
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    Increased speed of steroid analysis by capillary GC and GC-MS; effects of sample pretreatment and sample introdution (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 414-422 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Steroid analysis ; Sample pretreatment ; Sample introduction ; Separation speed ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Quantitative analysis of steroids and their metabolites in urine samples calls for increased speed of sample clean-up, of the derivatization procedure, and of separation. A fast procedure for sample pretreatment, which can be performed within 8 hours, is introduced and evaluated. It is shown that use of fast pretreatment in combination with narrow bore columns, which are compatible with existing instrumentation, can considerably increase, laboratory throughput. The effect of different sample introduction techniques (e.g. splitless, on-column, and moving needle) on column efficiency and resolution is demonstrated and discussed.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070713
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    The analysis of C1—C4 alcohols, MTBE, and DIPE in motor gasolines by multi-dimensional capillary column gas chromatography (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 487-489 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column ; Multi-dimensional technique ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070809
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    Filter extraction in closed loop stripping analysis (CLSA) (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 492-494 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Closed loop stripping analysis ; Filter extraction ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070811
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    Gas Chromatographic Separation of Enantiomers on Optically Active Metal-Complex-Free Stationary PhasesThe separation of enantiomers on optically active metal-complex stationary phases (“complexation gas chromatography”) will not be discussed here.. New Analytical Methods (24) (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 23 (1984), S. 747-765 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Chiral resolution ; Analytical methods ; Gas chromatography ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: If a stationary phase A employed in gas chromatography possesses a chemical affinity for substance B, which is to be separated, then the retention behavior is not only determined by the normal physical equilibrium between the gas and liquid phases but also by the chemical equilibrium A + B ⇋ AB. If A and B are chiral and A is present in optically active form while B is a racemic mixture, then it is possible to achieve a gas chromatographic enantiomer resolution without the isolation of diastereomers: the energetically different diastereomeric associates AR BR and AR BS are formed rapidly and reversibly. This enantiospecific resolution principle was first demonstrated in 1966 by the quantitative resolution of racemic amino acid derivatives on optically active peptide phases in analogy to the well-known stereospecificity of enzymes. The anchoring of the chiral resolving agent to thermally stable polysiloxanes together with the employment of high resolution capillary columns and the use of appropriate derivatization strategies has led to the development of enantiomer resolution into a routine modern method for many classes of substances. The demonstration of enantiospecificity in the gas chromatographic separation process is of fundamental interest, and its systematic study can result in a significant contribution to the understanding of the molecular mechanism of “chiral recognition”. The gas chromatographic separation of enantiomers has also proven to be an accurate and sensitive method for the determination of the enantiomeric composition of natural products and products of enantioselective transformations (asymmetric syntheses, “chiral pool” transformations, kinetic resolutions, biomimetic reactions) and for the quantification of racemization, e.g. in the synthesis and hydrolysis of peptides. In any research program devoted to the phenomenon of chirality, the gas chromatographic separation of the enantiomers of volatile compounds constitutes an indispensable modern instrumental technique.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.198407473
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    Time course effects of soman on acetylcholine and choline levels in six discrete areas of the rat brain (1982)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 78 (1982), S. 170-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Acetylcholine ; Choline ; Soman ; Organophosphate ; Anticholinesterase ; Toxicity ; Lethality ; CNS ; Brain areas ; Rats ; Gas chromatography ; Mass spectrometry ; Time course ; Cholinergic function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The time course of changes in rat brain levels of acetylcholine (ACh) and choline (Ch) was investigated following a single SC injection of soman (0.9 LD50, 120 μg/kg) to understand the relationship between central neurotransmitter alteration and soman toxicity. Of the animals exposed to the dose of soman, 46% died within 24 h, with maximum mortality occurring during the first 40 min following soman administration. In a second group, surviving rats were killed at various times after treatment by a beam of focused microwave radiation to the head, and ACh and Ch levels were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Soman produced a maximal ACh elevation in the brain stem at 20 min (34.4%), in cerebellum at 40 min (51.9%), in cortex and striatum at 2 h (320.3% and 35.2%, respectively), and in hippocampus and midbrain at 3 h (94.5% and 56.8%, respectively). ACh levels remained above normal approximately 30 min in the brain stem; 2 h in the midbrain, cerebellum, and striatum; 8 h in the cortex; and 16 h in the hippocampus. Ch levels were elevated in all areas except the striatum. Ch maxima occurred at 10–40 min and returned to control levels approximately 3 h after injection. Results suggest that perturbation of ACh levels due to soman was not uniform throughout the brain and that soman toxicity may reflect ACh changes in multiple areas, rather than changes in any given area. These data further suggest a possible relationship between elevated Ch levels and soman toxicity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00432257
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    Ein gaschromatographischer Nachweis von 6-Mercaptopurin im Serum von immunsupprimierten Transplantationspatienten (1982)
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 181 (1982), S. 19-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Serum level ; Azathioprine ; 6-Mercaptopurine ; Immunosuppression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The knowledge of serum levels of azathioprine or its metabolite 6-mercaptopurine is important for the monitoring of the immunosuppressive therapy after kidney transplantation, especially when kidney function is low. For this reason, the work of Bailey et al. was modified. 6-Mercaptopurine was extracted from the serum with a mixture of isopropanol-ethylacetate (1:1 v:v), derivatized with trimethylaniliniumhydroxyde and measured gaschromatographically. Sulfhydryl-protecting reagents were added to prevent loss of substance. Oxyethyltheophylline was used as the internal standard. The extraction and clean-up method recovered 80% of the 6-mercaptopurine present, the lower limit of sensitivity was 20 ng/ml, i.e., ten times lower than that of Bailey et al. The method could be realized on eight patients treated with azathioprine, the half life of the drug was about 20–40 min within the first hour after i.v. application.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01850986
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    5-Hydroxytryptophol in the cerebrospinal fluid and urine of alcoholics and healthy subjects (1982)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 321 (1982), S. 293-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Alcoholism ; Cerebrospinal fluid ; Ethanol ingestion ; Gas chromatography ; Mass spectrometry ; 5-Hydroxytryptophol ; Urine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxytryptophol was determined in cerebrospinal fluid and urine of alcoholics and healthy subjects, by a glass capillary gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method. The urinary excretion rate (14.6±2.9 pmoles/μmoles creatinine) and urine (109±20 pmoles/ml) and cerebrospinal fluid (4.12±0.21 pmoles/ml) concentrations in healthy subjects were established. Only 1% of the 5-hydroxytryptophol in urine occurred in free form. Ethanol ingestion (80, 120 g) by healthy subjects lead to a 20–100-fold increase in the urinary excretion rate of 5-hydroxytryptophol. In cerebrospinal fluid the increase was about 60%. Alcoholics had increased urinary excretion rates and cerebrospinal fluid levels during intoxication, which were in the same range as in intoxicated healthy subjects. During recovery from intoxication, the 5-hydroxytryptophol level in alcoholics decreased, but the CSF levels were still higher than in healthy subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00498516
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  • 78
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    Chemically modified teflon capillary columns for gas chromatography II. Solid surface effects in direct coated columns (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 641-644 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Teflon capillary columns ; Chemically modified teflon ; Gas chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The preparation of teflon capillary columns employing direct coating of the stationary phase to the chemically modified teflon surface and the role of the chemically modified teflon in the separation mechanism are described. Two types of contributions from the modified teflon have been observed: nonspecific adsorption of the carbon surface and specific interactions of polar groups in the carbon skeleton. The use of polar liquid phases can eliminate adsorption due to the presence of polar groups in the modified teflon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02279491
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    Derivatization of amines with chloroformate esters for gas chromatographic analysis (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 16 (1982), S. 60-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Amines ; Derivatization ; Chloroformate esters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The gas chromatographic analysis of amines after conversion to electron capture sensitive carbamates in two-phase systems has been studied. Hydrophilic compounds, for instance methylamine, are reacted with 2,2,2-trichloro-tert. butyl chloroformate. Quantitation below 10−7 M can be made by thermionic or electron capture detection. A hydrophobic amine, namely N,N-dimethyl-n-octylamine, was derivatized with 2,4,6-tribromophenyl chloroformate with addition of iodide ion to the aqueous phase. The favorable effect of iodide ion as well as the choice of pH and chloroformate ester is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02258870
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    Gas chromatography in open rectangular channels with large aspect ratios (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 16 (1982), S. 98-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Rectangular channel ; Efficiency ; Capacity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Gas chromatographic experiments have been performed in a truly rectangular channel with a 60∶1 cross-sectional aspect ratio, constructed according to the field-flow fractionation technology. It is shown that the peak broadening is controlled by the thickness of the channel while the maximum load is determined by the largest cross-sectional dimension. However, even with its elongated configuration, the side walls contribute significantly to the band broadening of solutes with a high diffusivity. Good agreement is found between the experimental plate height data and the recent theoretical calculations of Golay [13] taking into account the side-wall effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02258877
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  • 81
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    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of trimethylsilyl-isopropylidene derivatives of sorbose by combined gas chromatography- and mass-spectrometry (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 704-706 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Isopropyliden-sorboses ; TMS-derivatives ; GC-MS combined technique ; Mass spectra
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A method has been developed using gas chromatography — electron impact mass spectrometry for the determination of the di-0-isopropylidene-sorbofuranose and mono-0-isopropylidene-sorbofuranose. The compounds are separated as their trimethylsilyl derivatives on a capillary column coated with the stationary phase SE-52. The mass spectra show that the silylation reaction is quantitiative and that the isopropylidene groups does not change.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02261889
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  • 82
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas chromatographic analysis of ethylbenzene hydroperoxide (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 183-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Analysis of ethylbenzene hydroperoxide ; Time normalization method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A gas chromatographic method, based on the time normalization technique, is described for the analysis of ethylbenzene hydroperoxide in mixtures containing ethylbenzene, acetophenone, 1-phenylethanol, benzaldehyde and phenol. Different liquid phases were tested and the best results were obtained with tricresyl phosphate and neopentyl glycol sebacate. The influence of the support, the liquid loading and the gas velocity are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02261537
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  • 83
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Retention index values of hydrocarbons on open-tubular columns coated with methylsilicone liquid phases (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 625-630 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Open-tubular (capillary) columns ; Comparison of liquid phases ; Influence of temperature ; Retention index data
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The influence of temperature and liquid phase film thickness of open-tubular (capillary) columns on the retention index values of hydrocarbons on methylsilicone liquid phases is discussed. Data obtained on methylsilicones and squalane are compared. Retention index values of 43 hydrocarbons between 40 and 70 °C on OV-101 liquid phase are listed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02279488
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  • 84
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetic study of the drying step of supported catalysts by reversed-flow gas chromatography (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 351-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Supported catalysts ; Reserved-flow GC ; Drying step ; Gas chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Application of reversed-flow gas chromatography to study the drying step in the preparation of supported catalysts is proposed. It is demonstrated that this technique can be applied to investigate the kinetic law followed, as well as to obtain kinetic parameters of drying (rate constants, activation energies and frequency factors). Amaterial illustrating this application is γ-Al2O3 impregnated with usual organic solvents (n-C5H12,n-C6H14,n-C7H16, CH3COCH3 and CH3CH2OH). It was found that in all cases above a simple first-order law based onone kind of active site is followed. Moreover, it was observed that the activation energyE a of the drying process increases almost linearly with the relative molecular mass of the solvent, whereas for the same solventE a increases with the amount used. The operation of a kinetic compensation effect suggests “similar” activated complexes of the various solvents used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02259216
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  • 85
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization, evaluation and in-situ cross-linking of new polar phases in capillary gas chromatography (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 16 (1982), S. 63-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fused silica capillaries ; New polar phases: OV-1701 and RSL-310 ; Immobilization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The possibilities of OV-1701 and RSL-310, two new stationary phases, have been evaluated for capillary gas chromatography in fused silica columns. OV-1701 is a cyanopropylphenyldimethyl polysiloxane of moderate polarity possessing excellent chromatographic characteristics. The phase exhibits high coating and chromatographic efficiencies, high temperature stability and is suitable for cross-linking. RSL-310 is a polar liquid stationary phase yet to be permanently bonded in a capillary column. The selectivity of both phases extends the applicability of fused silica columns.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02258871
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  • 86
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas-liquid chromatography of isopropylidene monosaccharides and their trimethylsilyl derivatives (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 241-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Monosaccharides ; Polyols ; GC of TMS derivatives
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary This paper describes the gas chromatographic separation of the mixture of isopropylidene monosaccharides, and their trimethylsilyl derivatives. Based on the total analysis time and resolution the best stationary phase was SF-96 using Chromosorb G as the solid support and temperature programming.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02265655
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  • 87
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new device for contamination-free injection for gas chromatographic trace estimation of oxygen and nitrogen (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 312-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Injection-port modification ; Oxygen and nitrogen traces
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The paper presents a new device modifying normal injection port of a gas chromatograph for eliminating air contamination thus enabling determination of traces of oxygen or nitrogen. Further modification is also proposed which enables the analysis to be carried out with a limited quantity of sample gas. Potential application of this device in the analysis of reactive gases like florine has been indicated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02265684
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  • 88
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occurrence and prevention of isomerization of ligustilide during gas-liquid chromatography on packed columns (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 358-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Phthalides ; Gas chromatography ; Chromosorb W ; Isomerization ; Ligustilide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary During GLC of naturally occurring mixtures of phthalides on packed columns an artefact was sometimes detected that originated from Z-ligustilide. Active sites of Chromosorb W were responsible for the formation of the artefact, that was assumed to be E-ligustilide as GC-MS revealed that its mass spectrum was identical with that of Z-ligustilide. No isomerization was observed when freshly coated Chromosorb W was used or the support was deactivated by benzoyl chloride or melamine. The identity of the artefact was confirmed by UV irradiation experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02259218
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  • 89
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas chromatographic determination of arsenic in low concentrations in inorganic materials (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 30-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Arsenic ; Inorganic materials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A method is described for the quantitative chlorination and extraction of arsenic as arsenic trichloride from a number of alloys. The conditions for the quantitative gas chromatographic measurement of the volatile chloride have been studied. The proposed method for inorganic materials is very fast giving results within 10 min; sensitive, 1.5·10−13 g As can be detected, simple and accurate. At the ng level of As the error is about 20% with a standard deviation less than 20%, and at the 10pg level the error is about 36% with a standard deviation of 44%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02269036
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  • 90
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiple preparative chromatography (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 765-768 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Preparative scale chromatography ; Capacity ; Dual-stage separation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The capacity of different versions of single- and dual-stage separation of mixtures on a preparative scale is considered. It has been shown that dual-stage separation with intermediate condensation considerably enhances the capacity of the installation as compared with a single-stage process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02261373
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  • 91
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High efficiency microbore GC columns using porous bead supports (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 117-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Various packed GC column ; Gas chromatography ; Porous layer beads ; GC/MS analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Theoretical comparisons of various packed GC column types are presented with respect to analysis time, efficiency, sample dilution, and sample capacity for a given maximum inlet pressure. In particular, totally porous particles, porous layer beads, and glass beads are compared with one another. It is shown that 30 μm porous layer beads offer a useful compromise between analysis time and plate count with relatively good sample capacity. Moreover, when using 1 mm i.d. columns (microbore), outlet flow rates that are reasonable for direct coupling to magnetic sector mass spectrometers are achieved making these columns suitable for GC/MS. Using 30 μm Zipax porous layer beads, columns yielding 8,000 to 10,000 plates/meter have been produced with inlet pressures of 13 to 26 atm. A simple modification of the injection port converts the maximum inlet pressure of a commercial gas chromatograph to 26 atm. With such pressures, columns in excess of 20,000 plates can be achieved. Chromatograms are presented illustrating the promise of these microbore columns for GC and GC/MS analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02290444
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  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A chromatoscopic study of fluorene, indenes and styrene (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 245-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Chromatoscopy ; Gas chromatography ; Graphitized carbon black ; Molecular structure and retention ; Aromatic hydrocarbons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A molecular-statistical calculation of the retention volumes at zero sample size on graphitized thermal carbon black is carried out for quasi-rigid molecules of fluorene, indene, 1-methylindene, 2-methylindene and three dimethylindenes. A reasonable agreement is observed between the calculated and the available experimental gas chromatographic data. The potential barrier to internal rotation and the torsional angle in styrene molecules are estimated by comparing theoretically calculated and measured retention volumes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02265656
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  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas chromatography in qualitative analyses. An investigation of the oxidation of some silicones used as gas chromatographic stationary phases (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 355-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Silicone liquid phases ; Oxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The on-column oxidation of apolar and polar silicones used as gas chromatographic stationary phases is investigated. Even at 225° the effects of oxidation are found to be slight. Of the materials investigated the methylphenylsilicones are the most stable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02259217
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  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glass capillary gas chromatography of chlorinated methyl acetates, propanoates and butanoates on Carbowax 20M and SE-30 columns (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 505-508 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Glass capillary ; Gas chromatography ; Methyl chloroacetates ; Methyl chloropropanoates ; Methyl chlorobutanoates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The gas chromatography of all chlorinated methyl acetates, methyl propanoates and methyl mono- and dichlorobutanoates has been studied on Carbowax 20M and SE-30 glass capillary columns under various running conditions. The order of elution on a non-polar column was largely determined by the boiling point of esters, whereas on a polar column it was much influenced by the structure of compounds. Complete separation of the combined mixture of all 27 compounds could not be achieved, however, methyl 3,3-dichlorobutanoate was the only ester overlapped on both columns in spite of the various column temperatures used. The best separation of the mixture was on Carbowax 20M with a temperature program from 50°C at 8°C/min, isothermal running conditions leading either to poor separation of volatile components or long analysis time and broad peaks of higher chlorinated esters. The relative retention times for compounds at the various column temperatures are given and the retention order on a polar and on a non-polar column discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02260284
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The structure and properties of n-octadecanol film present on the surface of a carbon-silica adsorbent (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 517-520 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Carbon-silica adsorbents ; n-Octadecanol film ; Phase transitions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The properties of the n-octadecanol film on carbon-silica adsorbent (Carbosil) were investigated. It was found that n-octadecanol forms an oriented film on the Carbosil's surface. If the surface of the basic silica gel is not completely covered with carbon, then the phase transition takes place in this film at a temperature higher than the melting temperature of n-octadecanol. One may distinguish two forms of this film, characterised by the different structures and the temperatures of the phase transitions. The first exists on the surface of silica gel unblocked by carbon. This part of the film is a monolayer, in which the alcohol molecules are vertically oriented. The solid compact-liquid expanded type phase transition at the well-defined temperature occurs in this film. In the second part of the film formed on the carbon surface, there is a multilayer of n-octadecanol. Its molecules are probably parallely oriented in relationship to the adsorbent surface. This film desintegrates progressively when the temperature increase. Maximum temperature of this phase transition is lower than the temperature of its analogue on pure silica gel surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02260287
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative capillary gas chromatographic analysis (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 546-558 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Quantitative analysis ; Sample inlet systems ; High-speed analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The attainment of precise quatitative analytical data using open-tubular (capillary) columns in standard, commercially available gas chromatographic instrumentation is demonstrated. Key elements in the design and proper utilization of the instrumentation are discussed. The function of the various sample introduction systems is elaborated and their quantitative performance demonstrated. The extra-column contribution to band-spreading is determined and the resultant data is used assessing the suitability of commercial instrumentation for highspeed capillary gas chromatography. The quantitative analysis of a sample containing some eleven components in less than thirty seconds is shown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02280373
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystal hydrates: an investigation of the use of crystal hydrates as stationary phases in gas chromatography (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 16 (1982), S. 126-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Crystal hydrates as stationary phases ; Mobile Phases containing water ; Selective retentions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The use of crystallohydrates, crystallohydrate solutions and melts as stationary phases in gas chromatography has been proposed. Crystallohydrates have been shown to display high selectivity in the separation of polar organic compounds when use is made of water vapours as the mobile phase. Some aspects of gas-liquid chromatography in water vapours and with the stationary phase comprising crystallohydrates have been studied, and the preliminary results obtained point to the desirability of further progress in this field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02258882
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phenols in whisky (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 16 (1982), S. 201-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Phenols ; Whisky ; Gas chromatography ; Aroma compounds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Twelve volatile phenols were identified in whisky by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Of these phenols 2,4-dimethylphenol was found for the first time in the aroma of whisky. The content of phenol, o-, m-, and p-cresol, guaiacol, p-ethylphenol, p-ethylguaiacol and eugenol in whiskies originating from different countries was determined by gas chromatography as their 2,4-dinitrophenyl ethers using electron capture detection. The results show that Scotch whiskies differ from others in the content of o-, m-, and p-cresol. The odour threshold values of phenols studied were determined in a 10% (v/v) ethanol-water mixture and in some cases also in the whiskies. Cresols have been found to make contribution to the aroma of Scotch whisky.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02258900
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    From gas chromatography to gaia (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 16 (1982), S. 26-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Ionization detectors ; Gaia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary This paper is an account of the development of the gaia hypothesis as seen through the eyes of a gas chromatographer. Gaia is a radical notion about the Earth which postulates the climate and chemical composition to be regulated at an optimum by and for life. Gas chromatography played an important role in the gathering of evidence for the hypothesis but most significantly the art of inventing detectors lead to the developement of a planetary life detector through which gaia was revealed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02258864
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrocarbon type analysis by gas chromatograph using a single capillary column and a multi-column valve system (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 16 (1982), S. 282-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Naphtha analysis ; Gasoline analysis ; Hydrocarbon type analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Two different gas chromatographic methods are used for the determination of hydrocarbon type distribution in naphtha and gasoline samples with final boiling points up to 275 °C. The methods are based either on a single capillary column or on a valve-switched packed column system. Both methods give extensive information on paraffins, olefins, naphthenes and aromatics in total as well as by carbon-number. In each case the analysis is fully automated with a computer controlling the entire analysis from injection to results presentation. The advantages and limitations of both methods are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02258920
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