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  • 2015-2019
  • 1995-1999  (34)
  • 1975-1979  (128)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1950-1954
  • 1920-1924
  • 1915-1919
  • 1830-1839
  • 1997  (34)
  • 1976  (128)
  • Electron microscopy  (162)
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  • 2015-2019
  • 1995-1999  (34)
  • 1975-1979  (128)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1950-1954
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Renewing olfactory receptor neurons in goldfish do not require contact with the olfactory bulb to develop normal chemical responsiveness (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 181 (1997), S. 425-437 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Key words Olfactory receptor cells ; Olfactory bulbectomy ; Olfactory axotomy ; Electrophysiology ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study investigated whether contact with the olfactory bulb was necessary for developing and renewing olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) to attain normal odorant responsiveness, and whether the anatomical and functional recoveries of the olfactory epithelium were similar in both bulbectomized (BE) and bilaterally axotomized (AX) preparations. In vivo electrophysiological recordings were obtained in response to amino acids, a bile acid [taurolithocholic acid sulfate(TLCS)] and a pheromonal odorant [17α, 20β,-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20P)] from sexually immature goldfish. Both transmission and scanning electron microscopy indicated that the olfactory epithelium degenerated in BE and AX goldfish. Within 1–2 weeks subsequent to the respective surgeries, responses to high concentrations (〉0.1 mmol · l−1) of the more stimulatory amino acids remained, whereas responses were no longer obtainable to TLCS and 17,20P. At 4 weeks, responses to amino acid stimuli recovered to control levels, while responses to TLCS and 17,20P were minimal. By 7 weeks post bilateral axotomy, the olfactory epithelium recovered to a condition similar to control sensory epithelium; however, the rate of degeneration and proliferation of receptor neurons in BE preparations appeared to remain in balance, thus blocking further recovery of the olfactory epithelium. At 7 weeks post surgery, odorant responses of AX and BE goldfish to TLCS and 17,20P were still recovering.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003590050126
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytodifferentiation of atypical adenomatous hyperplasia and bronchioloalveolar lung carcinoma: immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies (1997)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 431 (1997), S. 415-424 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Bronchioloalveolar lung carcinoma ; Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia ; Surfactant apoprotein ; Urine protein 1 ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  We used immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy to evaluate the differentiation of cells comprising atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH; n = 26), early bronchioloalveolar lung carcinoma (BAC; n = 11), and overt BAC (n = 16), which are assumed to constitute a continuous spectrum of developmental steps of BAC. Surfactant apoprotein (SAP), a marker for type 2 alveolar cells, was expressed in cells from all the lesions of AAH, early BAC, and overt BAC. However, the proportion of SAP-positive cells decreased and their distribution became more heterogeneous with advancing lesion grade. Urine protein 1, which is identical to the Clara cell-specific 10 kDa protein, was expressed in 70% of overt BAC, whereas only 20% of early BAC showed weak reactivity and none of AAH lesions showed any reactivity at all. Ultrastructurally, type 2 alveolar cell differentiation was predominant among cells from AAH and early BAC. Our results suggest that precursor cells of BAC differentiate predominantly towards type 2 alveolar cells. Cells comprising overt BAC retain this differentiation phenotype, but to a reduced extent. In contrast, concomitantly with progression, cells with Clara cell differentiation emerge and their proportion increases. Such phenotypic changes may reflect metaplasia occurring in tumour cells during the development of BAC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050118
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adenovirus-induced liver necrosis in a case of AIDS (1997)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 431 (1997), S. 469-472 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Adenovirus ; Liver pathology ; Electron microscopy ; AIDS
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Adenovirus-induced liver necrosis is rare. Before the era of AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) this entity was seen predominantly in infants suffering from inborn immunodeficiency syndromes or from iatrogenic immunosuppression because of bone marrow or liver transplantation. Here, we report a case of a 30-year-old woman with AIDS who developed fever and rapidly progressing liver failure. A frozen section from a needle biopsy of the liver allowed a quick diagnosis of viral liver necrosis. The light-microscopic and electron microscopic aspects were typical of adenovirus infection and should be known to the surgical pathologist. The diagnosis was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and DNA hybridization analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050125
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Argyrophilic tau-positive twisted and non-twisted tubules in astrocytic processes in brains of Alzheimer-type dementia: an electron microscopical study (1997)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 95 (1997), S. 28-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Astrocytes ; Alzheimer-type dementia ; Electron microscopy ; Glial fibrillary tangles ; Tau protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This report concerns pathological astrocytic tubular structures (astrocytic tubules, As-Tbs) that coexist with glial filaments in astrocytic processes in brains with presenile-onset Alzheimer-type dementia. The formation of As-Tbs appears to be related to the duration of disease and the intensity of Alzheimer histopathology. In three cases in which the disease was of extremely long duration, As-Tbs were found in the frontal and temporal neocortices, the temporal pole and the hippocampus using electron microscopy, whereas they were not found in two cases with a long, but not extremely long, illness duration. As-Tbs were almost exclusively found in the highly devastated neuropil, and we could not find them in regions of moderate neuronal degeneration despite intensive inspection. As reported previously, some As-Tbs was seen adjacent to extracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and in perivascular astrocytes. Our novel finding is that they can exist independently from these, in the highly devastated neuropil. Two types of As-Tbs were observed, twisted tubules with periodic constrictions at 50- to 80-nm intervals and non-twisted tubules where no constrictions were seen but which had a 15-nm fuzzy outer contour. They were positively stained by anti-human tau antibody, an antibody that does not recognize extracellular NFTs. Thus, it is most likely that As-Tbs are not the sequestration of extracellular NFTs, and that they are of astrocytic origin. Moreover, As-Tbs showed argyrophilia. As-Tbs appear indistinguishable from dystrophic neurites under the light microscope. The present data suggest that they may be more widely distributed in the damaged cerebral neuropil than previously thought.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050762
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scots pine needle injuries at subarctic industrial sites (1997)
    Springer
    Trees 11 (1997), S. 378-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 0931-1890
    Keywords: Key words Pinus sylvestris (L.) ; Electron microscopy ; Heavy metals ; Multi-stress-symptoms ; SO2
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  Injuries to needles of Scots pines (Pinus sylvestris L.) growing in nutrient-poor soils on the Kola Peninsula collected in April 1991 were studied on a gradient of increasing distances (10 – 115 km) from the Monchegorsk nickel smelter, Russia, which emits SO2, Ni and Cu. The condition of the mesophyll cells was quantified from needles of the two latest age classes using a light and an electron microscope. The damage to the ultrastructure consisted of multistress symptoms caused by excess sulphur, heavy metals, frost, acidic precipitation and ozone. Injuries were most commonly manifested in the form of dark, irregularly shaped chloroplasts with protrusions and light thylakoids and plastoglobuli. These symptoms gradually disappeared with increasing distance and decreasing deposition rate. Concentrations of sulphur, copper and nickel decreased towards more distant sites where normal levels of the latter two elements were reached. Sulphur concentrations remained above background throughout the distance gradient. In the closest plots to the smelter area, cell collapse under the stomata and epidermis related to acute SO2 and heavy metal effects was found, whereas further away symptoms were more diverse, pointing towards the effects of ozone, acidic deposition and thereby decreased frost tolerance. The additive multistress symptoms were clearly seen in the area up to 40 km from the smelter where needle Cu concentration was above 110 ppm, Ni concentration above 39 ppm and S concentration above 1343 ppm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004680050099
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phenotypic variability of CADASIL and novel morphologic findings (1997)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 94 (1997), S. 247-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words CADASIL ; Electron microscopy ; Granular osmiophilic material ; αB crystallin ; Heat ; shock proteins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a non-arterio-atherosclerotic, non-amyloidotic arteriopathy affecting preferentially the small arteries and arterioles of the brain. The morphologic hallmark is the presence of a characteristic granular alteration of the arterial media that ultrastructurally corresponds to the accumulation of electron-dense material surrounding the smooth muscle cells. Although the presence of this granular osmiophilic material (GOM) was originally described as limited to brain vessels, identical electron microscopic findings have been demonstrated in the media of peripheral tissue arteries, allowing for a pathologic diagnosis of the disease by a simple skin, muscle or nerve biopsy. We report some atypical features identified in our CADASIL patients that broaden the phenotypic expression of this disease. Firstly, we identified a cortical infarct in an otherwise typical CADASIL patient. Secondly, we observed GOM in skin arteries of a 30-year-old man with hemiplegic migraine, the son of a woman who had died with CADASIL. This confirms that it may be possible to diagnose the disease at a preclinical stage by the ultrastructural evaluation of peripheral tissue biopsy material, particularly for individuals for whom there is a supporting family history. Thirdly, ultrastructural examination of the skin, and subcutaneous and striated muscle of an unrelated and apparently sporadic patient with neuropathologic and neuroradiologic evidence of CADASIL in meningeal and cerebral vessels failed to reveal diagnostic lesions in peripheral arteries. Thus, the possibility of a false-negative pathologic diagnosis in patients with a clinicoradiologic diagnosis of CADASIL, if one relies solely on a peripheral tissue biopsy, does exist. Additionally, we have identified heat shock proteins (Hsp70 and αB crystallin) and ubiquitin in the vascular myocytes of affected arteries. αB crystallin also seemed to be deposited extracellularly, which suggests that GOM also might be immunoreactive for αB crystallin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050700
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Density and fine structure of peripheral nerves in various skin lesions of atopic dermatitis (1997)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 289 (1997), S. 125-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Key words Atopic dermatitis ; Peripheral nerve ;   ; Electron microscopy ; Protein gene product ; Substance P
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The density and fine structure of the peripheral nerve system in various skin lesions of 64 patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) was quantitatively analyzed by immunohistochemical staining with antibodies directed against protein gene product (PGP) and substance P (SP). The density of PGP-positive peripheral nerves was 2.5 × 10 3 μm 2 /Δs (Δs = 0.24 mm 2 selected area) in early acute lesions, 3.8 × 10 3 μm 2 /Δs in subacute lesions, 4.9 × 10 3 μm 2 /Δs in lichenified lesions and 7.1 × 10 3 μm 2 /Δs in prurigo lesions of AD. The density of nerve fibers in subacute, lichenified and prurigo lesions was significantly higher than in uninvolved skin of AD patients (2.0 × 10 3 μm 2 /Δs). Electron microscopically, bulging of axons with many mitochondria and a loss of their surrounding sheath of Schwann cells suggests that the free nerve endings in skin lesions of AD are in an active state of excitation. Many pinocytotic vesicles in the periphery of basal keratinocytes facing nerve endings which contained many neurovesicles suggests reciprocal effects between keratinocytes and nerve endings. The number of SP-positive nerve fibers in AD lesions was far less than one-tenth of the number of PGP-positive nerve fibers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004030050167
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of brefeldin-A and monensin on organelle distribution and morphology in the preimplantation mouse embryo (1997)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 206 (1997), S. 503-514 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Key words Preimplantation mouse embryo ; Brefeldin-A ; Monensin ; Golgi ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The intracellular trafficking of integral membrane and secreted proteins is likely to be a key element involved in the morphogenesis and differentiation of the early mammalian embryo. In this study, we used transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to analyse the effects of brefeldin-A (BFA) and monensin, well known inhibitors of vesicular protein trafficking in somatic cells, on the structure of preimplantation mouse embryos. Both BFA and monensin distinctively altered the morphology of Golgi compartments in the blastomeres of treated morulae. BFA-treated morulae lacked recognizable Golgi complexes but possessed heterogeneous organelle clusters consisting of an abundance of smooth tubular and vesicular membrane compartments in addition to mitochondria, endosomes and lysosomes. Treatment of morulae with monensin was associated with swelling of Golgi compartments in addition to altering the morphology of mitochondria, lysosomes and the plasma membrane. BFA, and to a lesser extent monensin, inhibited cytokinesis as evidenced by the detection of binucleate blastomeres. In addition, BFA induced morulae to decompact. These latter effects have not been reported previously for these agents in mammalian somatic cell lines or other vertebrate or invertebrate embryos. These results provide the first demonstration of the structural effects of BFA and monensin on cells of the early mammalian embryo, some of which are consistent with the known actions of these agents on components of the vesicular protein trafficking system in mammalian somatic cells. This information serves as a foundation for the further use of these agents in studies of vesicular protein trafficking as an agent of preimplantation morphogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004270050081
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Komibinierte neuronale und endokrine Tumoren der Sellaregion (1997)
    Springer
    Der Pathologe 18 (1997), S. 419-424 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Gangliozytom ; Gangliogliom ; Hypophysenadenom ; Immunhistologie ; Ultrastruktur ; Key words Gangliocytoma ; Ganglioglioma ; Pituitary adenoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Gangliocytomas or gangliogliomas of the sellar region are very rare tumors. In a great proportion of those cases an adenoma of the anterior pituitary develops from the cell type that is hyperstimulated by the releasing hormone produced from the gangliocytoma. Five GHRH secreting gangliocytomas are reported. Four of these were localized adjacent to a GH secreting adenoma. In one case, no adenoma tissue was found beside the ganglicytoma. As only the adenomas can secrete GH, the adenomas and not the gangliocytomas are directly responsible for acromegaly so that such an adenoma has to be present in cases of acromegaly. A CRH secreting gangliocytoma was combined with an ACTH cell adenoma that had induced Cushing’s disease. A ganglioglioma of the posterior pituitary had led to an inappropriate secretion of Vasopressin. The morphology of the different tumors is presented.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Intraselläre Gangliozytome/Gangliogliome sind sehr seltene Tumoren, die in einem Großteil der Fälle ein Hypophysenadenom aus dem Zelltyp heraus entstehen lassen, der durch das gebildete Releasinghormon überstimuliert wird. Es wird über 5 GHRH-bildende Gangliozytome berichtet, von denen 4 einem STH-bildenden Hypophysenadenom benachbart waren. Ein Fall enthielt keine Adenomanteile. Diese müssen in Anbetracht der klinisch vorhandenen Akromegalie aber vorhanden sein, da nur das jeweilige Adenom, nicht aber die Gangliozytome für die Überfunktion unmittelbar verantwortlich sind. Ein CRH-bildendes Gangliozytom war mit einem zum Morbus Cushing führenden ACTH-Zelladenom kombiniert. Ein Gangliogliom des Hinterlappens hatte zu einer inadäquaten Vasopressinsekretion Anlaß gegeben. Die Morphologie der Tumoren wird dargelegt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002920050236
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural subtypes of glutamate-immunoreactive terminals on rat trigeminal motoneurones and their relationships with GABA-immunoreactive terminals (1997)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 114 (1997), S. 99-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Synapse ; Axo-axonic synaptic contacts ; Trigeminal motor nucleus ; Immunogold ; Electron microscopy ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Electron-microscopic immunolabelling methods were used to study the relationships between glutamate-immunoreactive and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-immunoreactive synapses on trigeminal motoneurones labelled by the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. Serial sections were cut through the motor nucleus, alternate sections were incubated with antibodies to glutamate and GABA, and the immunopositive nerve terminal profiles were recognized using a quantitative, postembedding immunogold method. Boutons exhibiting high levels of glutamate immunoreactivity and GABA-immunoreactive boutons both formed axo-dendritic and axo-somatic synaptic contacts on labelled motoneurones. Boutons strongly immunopositive for glutamate were not immunopositive for GABA, and vice versa. Strongly glutamate immunoreactive boutons received axo-axonic synaptic contacts but did not form such contacts, while GABA-immunoreactive boutons formed axo-axonic synapses but did not receive them. The presynaptic elements at all axo-axonic synapses on to glutamate-immunoreactive boutons sampled were GABA-immunopositive. These data provide ultrastructural evidence in support of the roles of glutamate and GABA as transmitters at synapses on trigeminal motoneurones, and for presynaptic control of transmission at glutamatergic synapses by GABA acting at receptors at axo-axonic synapses. The vast majority (more than 90%) of strongly glutamate immunoreactive boutons contained spherical synaptic vesicles, in contrast to GABA-immunoreactive boutons, which contained pleomorphic vesicles. Most of the glutamate-immunoreactive boutons (67%) formed asymmetrical synaptic active zones, many of which (47% of total) were associated with subsynaptic dense ”Taxi” bodies (T-terminals), while a smaller population of boutons (21%) formed symmetrical synapses, and a few (11%) made synapses associated with subsynaptic cisternae (C-terminals). The heterogeneity of active zone ultrastructure of boutons identified as being glutamatergic on the basis of their high levels of immunolabelling is discussed in relation to possible differences in co-transmitters released, origins of the synaptic input or post-synaptic receptor subtypes activated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00005627
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Type III Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and pregnancy (1997)
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 261 (1997), S. 39-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: Key words: Ehlers-Danlos type III ; Pregnancy ; Electron microscopy ; Prenatal diagnosis ; Premature rupture of membranes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. We report a case of type III Ehlers-Danlos syndrome with a favourable outcome. We review the literature and do not consider that pregnancy in patients with type III Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome represents a high risk situation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004040050196
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light and electron microscopic investigation of the process of healing of the naevus of Ota by Q-switched alexandrite laser irradiation (1997)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 431 (1997), S. 63-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Naevus of Ota ; Q-switched alexandrite laser ; Light microscopy ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Melanocytes in the naevus of Ota were destroyed by irradiation using the Q-switched alexandrite laser. This laser is highly selective and highly absorbed by melanosomes. Other cells and tissue components of the dermis remained almost intact. Melanosomes were vaporized or fragmented to subelectron microscopical size, or degenerated. If the irradiated energy was sufficient, melanocytes vanished and large vacuoles several times the size of dermal melanocytes formed at the sites. If it was too weak, dermal melanocytes were also vaporized, but vacuoles formed within them. Nuclei were no longer discernible. Following irradiation macrophages infiltrated the irradiated areas and scavenged degenerated melanosomes and cellular debris. Thus, discoloration of the skin was markedly reduced. Although a few melanocytes and melanophages remained, pigmentation cleared to a satisfactory level. Melanocytes and keratinocytes were also injured in the epidermis; however, the epidermis recovered completely. No scarring was observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050070
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive intracardiac neurones, granule-containing cells and nerves associated with ganglia and blood vessels in rat and guinea-pig heart (1997)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 289 (1997), S. 445-454 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Intracardiac neurones ; Innervation ; Heart ; Neuropeptide Y ; Immunocytochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Rat (Sprague Dawley) ; Guinea-pig (Dunkin Hartley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Intrinsic neuropeptide Y-containing neurones in rat and guinea-pig hearts were studied at the ultrastructural level by the pre-embedding peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemical technique. Intracardiac neuronal cell bodies were often weakly or moderately immunostained, and the labelling was usually pronounced in the Golgi complex, multivesicular bodies, some cisterns of granular endoplasmic reticulum and large granular vesicles. Neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive nerve fibres were also observed in association with intracardiac neurones. A subpopulation of neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive granule-containing cells in the rat heart are described for the first time and were very heavily labelled; other granule-containing cells were non-immunoreactive, but were contacted by neuropeptide Y-containing nerves. Preterminal regions of nerve fibres that were located in nerve bundles were only weakly neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive, in contrast to the heavy labelling observed in varicosities that contained many synaptic vesicles. Many neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive nerve fibres were associated with the coronary vasculature and were particularly prominent in the walls of small arteries and arterioles where labelled nerve varicosities were present close to the smooth muscle cells. Immunoreactive nerves were also seen in the myocardium, usually near to capillaries. In axonal varicosities, the central core of large granular vesicles was immunolabelled, and electron-dense immunoreactive material outlined the membranes of small and large clear vesicles. The significance of neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive intracardiac neurones and granule-containing cells and the origin of associated labelled nerve fibres in the heart are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050890
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immuno-electron microscopy reveals that the excitotoxin quinolinate is associated with the plasma membrane in human peripheral blood monocytes/macrophages (1997)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 290 (1997), S. 633-639 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Quinolinic acid ; Interferon-γ ; Kynurenine ; Electron microscopy ; Immunocytochemistry ; Excitotoxicity ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract.  Quinolinate (QUIN), a tryptophan-derived excitotoxin, was localized ultrastructurally in human peripheral blood monocytes/macrophages (MØ) by immuno-electron microscopy. A combined carbodiimide/glutaraldehyde/paraformaldehyde-based fixation procedure was developed for optimal retention of QUIN in the cell as well as minimal loss of ultrastructure; a silver-enhanced colloidal gold detection system was used for electron-microscopic analysis. Gold particles representing QUIN immunoreactivity were associated with the inner side of the plasma membrane in normal MØ. The number of gold particles increased significantly when QUIN levels were elevated by treatment with its precursor kynurenine, but location of the gold particles remained essentially the same under this condition. Treatment with interferon-γ increased the number of Golgi bodies, vacuoles and pseudopodia, reflecting the activated state of the cell. Significantly increased numbers of gold particles representing QUIN were detectable in approximately the same location as in the case of kynurenine treatment. Combined treatment with kynurenine and interferon-γ maximally increased the number of gold particles at the periphery of the cell. The pseudopodia were intensely stained with gold particles, while they were not detectable in the inner part of the cytoplasm or in any other organelle even under this activated condition. The significance of the specific location of QUIN revealed in the present study and its relation to the release and subsequent actions of QUIN are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050969
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synaptic exocytosis of dense-core vesicles in blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) stomach muscles (1997)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 289 (1997), S. 517-526 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Neuromuscular junction ; Synaptic vesicles ; Vesicle fusion ; Electron microscopy ; Callinectes sapidus (Crustacea)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Neuromuscular terminals of a single motoneuron to four muscles (CPV7a, GM5a, CV2, and CV3) in the stomach of the blue crab Callinectes sapidus showed structural evidence for the exocytotic release of dense-core vesicles exclusively at synapses. The primary evidence was the appearance of dense cores in the synaptic cleft, accompanied by indentations of the presynaptic or postsynaptic membrane. In their simplest form, these consisted of an omega-shaped figure of the presynaptic membrane enclosing one dense core, denoting release of a single dense-core vesicle. A larger indentation of the presynaptic membrane enclosing several dense cores denoted multiple release. A more complex form of multiple release was where the presynaptic membrane was normal, but the postsynaptic membrane elaborated into a sac projecting into the granular sarcoplasm and filled with dense cores. The postsynaptic sac in some instances was compressed into a thin, fingerlike extension, which lacked dense cores and, at its distal end, separated into small cisternae, suggesting a mechanism for membrane recycling. Profiles depicting single and multiple releases of dense-core vesicles were found more frequently at neuromuscular terminals that release relatively large amounts of transmitter with a single stimulus, such as CV2 and CV3, compared to those releasing smaller amounts, such as CPV7a and GM5a. The disparity in release sites among the four muscles of this single motor unit and the fact that many of the multiple-release figures were closely adjacent to the active zones for transmitter release suggest a possible modulatory role for dense-core vesicles in synaptic transmission. Such modulation may be long lasting, as implied by the postsynaptic sacs, which may permit prolonged release of the contents of their dense cores into the synaptic cleft. This is in keeping with the functional role of these stomach muscles, which is to be continuously active for long periods of time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050897
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunoreactive excitatory amino acids in the parietal eye of lizards, a comparison with the pineal organ and retina (1997)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 287 (1997), S. 275-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Parietal eye ; Pineal organ ; Retina ; Glutamate ; Aspartate ; Immunocytochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Lacerta muralis ; Lacerta agilis ; Lacerta viridis (Lacertilia)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The fine structure of the organ and the localization of the excitatory amino acids glutamate and aspartate were studied in the parietal eye of lizards by postembedding immunoelectron microscopy. The parietal eye contains cone photoreceptor cells, secondary neurons, and ependymal and lens cells. The photoreceptors form long inner and outer segments, some of them being paired as ”twin-photoreceptors” by zonulae adherentes. Perikarya of neurons bear sensory cilia (containing 9×2+0 pairs of tubules) extending into the intercellular space. No neurohormonal terminals are present in the parietal eye. A higher immunoreactivity to glutamate than to aspartate is found in the photoreceptors and in the secondary neurons of the parietal eye. Glutamate immunogold labeling is more intense in the axonal processes of photoreceptors and neurons and in most of the nerve fibers of the parietal nerve running to the brain stem. Weak aspartate and glutamate immunoreactivity can be detected in the ependymal and lens cells. A similar distribution of immunoreactive amino acids is found in the photoreceptors, secondary neurons, and ependymal glial elements of the pineal organ, and retina of the lateral eye of the same animals. Immunoreactive glutamate accumulates in the axons of photoreceptors and secondary neurons of the parietal eye suggesting that this excitatory amino acid acts as a synaptic mediator in the neural efferentation of the organ. Thus, the efferent light-conducting pathway of the parietal organ is similar to that of the pineal organ and lateral eye retina. As the Mullerian cells of the retina, the ependymal and lens cells of the parietal eye and the ependymal-glial cells of the pineal organ may play a role in the metabolism and/or elimination of excitatory amino acids released by photoreceptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050752
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of basic fibroblast growth factor-like immunoreactivity in the nuclei of regenerating hepatocytes (1997)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 288 (1997), S. 517-527 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Liver ; Subcellular fractions ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. This study, utilizing rats subjected to two-thirds partial hepatectomy or sham operation, was designed (1) to investigate the content of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in the subcellular fractions of regenerating and sham-operated rat livers by immunoblot experiments and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), (2) to show that bFGF immunoreactivity and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunoreactivity are markers for hepatocellular mitosis before and after partial hepatectomy, and (3) to observe the location and fine structure of the bFGF immunoreaction within the regenerating liver with special attention to bFGF immunoreactivity in the nuclei of regenerating hepatocytes. Immunoblot experiments and ELISA showed a transient increase in high-molecular-weight forms of bFGF in the nuclear subcellular fraction of regenerating liver 48 h after partial hepatectomy. By light microscopy, bFGF and PCNA immunoreactivities were detected in the nuclei of regenerating hepatocytes. Electron microscopy demonstrated bFGF-like immunoreactivity mainly in the nuclear euchromatin and rarely in the heterochromatin or nucleoli of regenerating hepatocytes. The transient increase in high-molecular-weight forms of bFGF in the nuclear euchromatin of regenerating hepatocytes, together with the concomitant expression of PCNA in the regenerating liver, suggests an important role of the high-molecular-weight forms of bFGF in hepatocyte proliferation and/or mitosis, although authentic bFGF with a molecular form of 18 kDa is not considered to be involved in hepatic regeneration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050837
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Osmoregulatory mutants that affect the function of the contractile vacuole inChlamydomonas reinhardtii (1997)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 200 (1997), S. 99-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Chlamydomonas reinhardtii ; Contractile vacuole ; Electron microscopy ; Videomicroscopy ; Osmoregulation ; Osmoregulatory mutants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Four independent osmoregulatory mutants,osml, osm3,osm4, and osm7, were isolated on the basis of their requirement for growth medium of high osmotic strength. In normal low-osmoticstrength medium, in contrast to wild-type cells, the mutants grow poorly or not at all; in distilled water mutant cells are immobilized and eventually swell and burst. The mutants were examined by ordinary brightfield and phase-contrast microscopy, videomicroscopy, and electron microscopy. The four mutants showed different defects in the contractile vacuole (CV) cycle. Timing of various stages of the CV cycle showed thatosm1 was affected primarily in the early stage of the cycle when the CV begins to grow,osm3 primarily in midcycle when vacuoles fuse to form the CV proper,osm7 at a late stage of the cycle at docking and fusion of the CV with the plasma membrane, andosm4 during contraction of the CV. At the electron microscopic level, in dilute medium, mutant cells by comparison with wild-type cells had large autophagosomes, swollen mitochondria, and dilated ER cisternae. Although electron microscopy showed general abnormalities of the contractile vacuoles consistent with the videomicroscopic observations of living cells, no obvious vacuole membrane abnormalities were seen which would explain the mutational defects. The mutations help define the separate processes that contribute to the coordinated CV cycle inChlamydomonas, and open the way to eventual isolation of some of the genes responsible for CV function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01280738
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and behavior of contractile vacuoles inChlamydomonas reinhardtii (1997)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 198 (1997), S. 73-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Chlamydomonas reinhardtii ; Contractile vacuole ; Osmoregulation ; Videomicroscopy ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The contractile vacuole (CV) cycle ofChlamydomonas reinhardtii has been investigated by videomicroscopy and electron microscopy. Correlation of the two kinds of observation indicates that the total cycle (15 s under the hypo-osmotic conditions used for videomicroscopy) can be divided into early, middle, and late stages. In the early stage (early diastole, about 3 s long) numerous small vesicles about 70–120 nm in diameter are present. In the middle stage (mid-diastole, about 6 s long), the vesicles appear to fuse with one another to form the contractile vacuole proper. In the late stage (late diastole, also about 6 s long), the CV increases in diameter by the continued fusion of small vesicles with the vacuole, and makes contact with the plasma membrane. The CV then rapidly decreases in size (systole, about 0.2 s). In isosmotic media, CVs do not appear to be functioning; under these conditions, the CV regions contain numerous small vesicles typical of the earliest stage of diastole. Fine structure observations have provided no evidence for a two-component CV system such as has been observed in some other cell types. Electron microscopy of cryofixed and freeze-substituted cells suggests that the irregularity of the profiles of larger vesicles and vacuoles and some other morphological details seen in conventionally fixed cells may be shrinkage artefacts. This study thus defines some of the membrane events in the normal contractile vacuole cycle ofChlamydomonas, and provides a morphological and temporal basis for the study of membrane fusion and fluid transport across membranes in a cell favorable for genetic analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01282133
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective UV-induced damage to short-wavelength receptor cells in the butterflyPapilio xuthus (1997)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 200 (1997), S. 112-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; UV-induced cell damage ; Photoreceptor ; Eye ; Lepidoptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A technique that allows the specific inactivation of short-wavelength-sensitive photoreceptive cells has been needed for a long time. Such a technique could be useful in studies on the role(s) of UV-receptors in circadian rhythmicity, recognition of floral patterns, homing behaviour, and mate selection in arthropods. We provide ultrastructural evidence that short-wavelength receptor cells can be selectively damaged without affecting other spectral-cell types. Since the method does not require the killing of the experimental animal, the latter can be used in behavioural or other follow-up tests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01280739
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopic and immunomorphological investigations on the mucosa of the human paranasal sinuses (1997)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 254 (1997), S. 230-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Paranasal sinus mucosa ; Collagen type VII ; Subepithelial connective tissue ; Electron microscopy ; Immunofluorescence microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The morphology of the mucosa from the human paranasal sinuses was investigated by electron microscopy. A total of 27 specimens was taken from 11 patients following midfacial fractures. All tissue samples were biopsied during surgery after informed consent had been given. In accordance with light microscopic investigations, the mucosa represented a highly prismatic epithelium consisting of kinocilia-carrying and mucus-producing (goblet) cells. Other cell types, such as those occurring in the respiratory epithelium of other areas, could not be demonstrated. Electron microscopic and immunomorphological investigations revealed collagen type VII beneath the lamina densa of the basal lamina. According to findings obtained to date, this collagen type accompanies only a multilayered epithelium. Another peculiarity was the small number of basophils and eosinophils. Pronounced acute reactions of the mucosa in this area cannot be expected, which is in contrast to that of the nasal mucosa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00874094
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural findings of the macula utriculi in a case of a petrous apex cholesteatoma: a comparison with findings in a patient with an acoustic neuroma (1997)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 254 (1997), S. 255-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Inner ear ; Utricle ; Cholesteatoma ; Acoustic neuroma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The morphological characteristics of the vestibular sensory cells of the macula utriculi obtained during surgery in a patient with a petrous apex cholesteatoma were examined using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Findings were compared to cells studied in a patient with acoustic neuroma. Scanning electron microscopy showed that compared to the apparently normal cells in the acoustic neuroma case, most sensory cells in the cholesteatoma case had large cuticular plates, irregular locations of cilia and no clear polarizations. Supporting cells showed profuse short microvilli on the whole surface. With transmission electron photomicrographs, type I hair cells were not seen and certain morphological changes were observed in type-1I-like cells and supporting cells. We presume that the degenerative changes in the vestibular epithelia were due to circulatory disturbances and/or direct pressure applied to the vestibular nerve at the internal auditory canal, with subsequent involvement of the macula utriculi.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00874100
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopic localization of nitric oxide I synthase in the organ of Corti of the guinea pig (1997)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 254 (1997), S. 396-400 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Guinea pig hair cells ; Electron microscopy ; Immunocytochemistry ; Nitric oxide synthase ; Sound transduction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity has been detected previously in the mammalian cochlea at a light microscopic level. Here we present results of electron microscopic analysis for post-embedding immunoreactivity of neural-type NOS I in the cochlea of the guinea pig. Strong enzyme immunoreactivity was identified in the cytoplasm of inner and outer hair cells. Gold-labeled NOS I antibodies were mainly located in electron-dense areas of the cytoplasm, whereas electron-lucent regions of the receptor cells were nearly free from any immunoreactivity. In both types of hair cells anti-NOS I antibodies were also visible in the cuticular plates, hair bundles and nuclei. Further ultrastructural analysis revealed that the submembranous cisternae of the outer hair cells were nearly free from any reaction product, demonstrating that the whole cytoplasm of this hair cell was not immunoreactive. Other NOS I immunoreactivity was identified in the cuticular plates of the inner and outer pillar cells and in the cytoskeletal elements located in the apical parts of Deiter cells, forming the lamina reticularis or in cytoskeletal-containing regions in basal Deiter cells. Anti-NOS antibodies were visible in the nuclei of various cell types. Our findings suggest that nitric oxide produced by NO I synthase in the organ of Corti may act as a modulator of hair cell physiology during the processes of signal transduction with frequence selectivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01642558
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical and electron microscopical characterization of stromal cells in nasopharyngeal angiofibromas (1997)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 254 (1997), S. 196-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma ; Ultrastructure ; Myofibroblast ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Twenty-eight cases of nasopharyngeal angiofibroma were studied immunohistochemically for cytoskeletal phenotyping of stromal cells. Electron microscopy was also used to study the ultrastructure of five of the tumors. All typical stromal cells showed intensive immunostaining for vimentin, but were negative for smooth muscle actin and desmin. Ultrastructurally, most of these cells appeared to be exclusively fibroblasts. However, in some areas stromal cells were seen that morphologically resembled myofibroblasts by their shapes and arrangement, and were characterized by the coexpression of vimentin and smooth muscle actin. Electron microscopy confirmed their myofibroblastic nature. The present study showed that the typical stromal cells in nasopharyngeal angiofibromas were fibroblasts and not myofibroblasts. In these tumors myofibroblasts occurred only focally, in connection with fibrotic areas and exclusively as a vimentin+/actin+ cytoskeletal phenotype. This indicates that myofibroblasts are not primary stromal tumor cells in nasopharyngeal angiofibromas, but occur due to regressive changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00879273
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological and cytochemical changes in human mast cells during culture (1997)
    Springer
    Medical molecular morphology 30 (1997), S. 25-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1860-1499
    Keywords: Mast cell ; Culture ; Electron microscopy ; Carbohydrate cytochemistry ; Peroxidase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Mast cells were cultured from human umbilical cord blood CD34-positive cells in the presence of interleukin (IL)-6 and stem cell factor (SCF). Electron microscopically, a particulate or beaded structure, the prominent structure of tryptase-positive mast cell (T mast cell) granules, was frequently observed in 54-day cultures. Straight or coiled lamellae, often observed in the granules of tryptase-and chymase-positive mast cells (TC mast cells), were observed in the granules in 75-day cultures. Cytochemically, the peroxidase activity of the granules was positive but decreased during the term of culture. Glycogen particles were abundant in 54-day cultures, and scarce in 75-day cultures. These findings suggest that the mast cells matured and changed in phenotype during the culture's term.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01458348
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An ultrastructural study of pemphigoid vegetans, characterizing the possible mechanism of vegetation (1997)
    Springer
    Medical molecular morphology 30 (1997), S. 48-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1860-1499
    Keywords: Pemphigoid vegetans ; Lamina densa ; Mast cell ; Vegetation ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Ultrastructural changes in the skin lesions of pemphigoid vegetans were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Two significant changes were recognized at the vegetating site: (1) The basal lamina was sometimes interrupted and detached from the basal cells, protruding into the dermis to form folds. In the basal cells, hemidesmosomes were not decreased in number but tonofilament bundles were fewer than normal. Occasionally, basal cell processes extended beyond the basal lamina through its gap. These features resembled the epidermal growth factor-induced morphological changes of cultured skin. It was suspected that the abnormal attachment of the basal lamina to the basal cell was associated with keratinocyte proliferation. (2) Mast cells were encountered in the epidermis abutting on the basal lamina. It is uncommon to find mast cells in the epidermis. Mast cells in the epidermis were reported at the erythematous regions which were adjacent to the bullae of bullous pemphigoid, and were thought to have an important role in forming blisters. It was suggested that early changes in blister formation occur at the vegetating site.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01458352
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological changes of c-Fos-like immunoreactivity in rat cerebral cortex after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion with special reference to vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (1997)
    Springer
    Medical molecular morphology 30 (1997), S. 111-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1860-1499
    Keywords: c-Fos ; VIP ; Electron microscopy ; Immunocytochemistry ; Cerebral ischemia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We investigated morphological changes in neurons with c-Fos-like immunoreactivity (c-Fos-LI) after cerebral ischemia by light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry. Strong c-Fos-LI was observed in layers II–VI of the cerebral cortex with an especially abundant distribution in the nuclei of layers II, IV, and VI ipsilateral to the lesioned side. Reperfusion after ischemia had a greater effect on the expression of c-Fos-LI than did permanent ischemia. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-positive neurons were seen scattered in layers II–V of the cerebral cortex. Some VIP-positive neurons showed c-Fos-LI after ischemia. Electron microscopy revealed c-Fos-LI in euchromatin in the nuclei of c-Fos-positive cells. Dilatation of the cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the presence of numerous secondary lysosomes were found in neurons on the lesioned side after 12h of reperfusion. Some VIP-containing neurons revealed c-Fos-LI with reperfusion after ischemia by a double immunostaining method on the same tissue section. These findings suggest that ischemia potentiates c-fos expression in VIP- or other transmitter- or modulator-containing neurons, thereby protecting from neuronal cell death.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01545311
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological changes ofHelicobacter pylori after antibacterial therapy: an electron microscope study (1997)
    Springer
    Medical molecular morphology 30 (1997), S. 131-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1860-1499
    Keywords: Helicobacter pylori ; Electron microscopy ; Three-dimensional reconstruction ; Eradication ; 13C-urease breath test ; Coccoid form
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To investigate the effect of morphological change ofHelicobacter pylori on gastric mucosal inflammation,H. pylori was examined by means of an electron microscope and computer-assisted three-dimensional reconstruction before and after antibacterial therapy. The results showed that the bacterium was usually present in different forms and sizes. Most of these variations are helicobacter shaped, 3–5 μm long (43%), or campylobacter shaped, 1–3 μm long (38%); fewer are round or coccoid (19%), and only 0.5–1 μm long. Active inflammation and an abnormal amount of mucus in the epithelial cells are the main changes seen in gastric mucosa withH. pylori infection. In some cases, 6 weeks after antibacterial therapy,H. pylori could still be observed by toludine blue, with slight positive results withH. pylori-antibody-labeled immunostaining. In contrast to the bacteria before antibacterial therapy, in mostH. pylori-positive cases usually only a minute number of bacteria were seen in coccoid form. These surviving coccoid-form bacteria showed thickened walls, and the surrounding periplasmic space was reduced or nonexistent. The epithelial cells were almost normal and13C-text negative. Although neutrophil infiltration was seldom seen, there were still some surviving bulblike cells with excess amounts of mucus in the gastric pits. It is suggested that the coccoid form ofH. pylori may be a static bacterium without urease production. For therapeutic decisions, it may be more important to identify whether there is an active inflammation in the gastric mucosa than to detectH. pylori.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01545314
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aneurysmal (angiomatoid) fibrous histiocytoma of the skin: an unusual variant of dermatofibroma (1997)
    Springer
    Medical molecular morphology 30 (1997), S. 163-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1860-1499
    Keywords: Dermatofibroma ; Aneurysmal ; (angiomatoid) fibrous histiocytoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Skin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We present a rare case of aneurysmal (angiomatoid) fibrous histiocytoma (AAFH) of the skin on the back of a 40-year-old Japanese man. Histologically, the tumor was characterized by massive proliferation of fibroblastic and histiocytic cells, prominent aggregation of hemosiderin pigment, and the presence of blood-filled tissue spaces devoid of an endothelial lining within a capillaryrich stroma. Immunohistochemically the tumor cells were immunoreactive for vimentin and for Factor XIIIa or Mac387. Ultrastructural study revealed that the tumor was composed mainly of fibroblast-like cells intermingled with histiocyte-like cells and intermediate cells with combined features of the two types of cells. These findings support the fibrohistiocytic origin of aneurysmal (angiomatoid) fibrous histiocytoma. In addition, ultrastructural examination seems quite useful to differentiate from other cutaneous neoplasms with architectural and cytological similarities to this tumor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01545318
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Osteoclast-like giant cell tumor of the pancreas: an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study (1997)
    Springer
    Medical molecular morphology 30 (1997), S. 216-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1860-1499
    Keywords: Osteoclast-like giant cell tumor ; Pancreas ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a rare case of osteoclast-like giant cell tumor of the pancreas in a 70-year-old Japanese woman. The tumor was composed of a proliferation of ovoid to spindle-shaped mononuclear cells admixed with osteoclast-like giant cells. The tumor cells were immunore-active for vimentin, ±1-antitrypsin, and CD68. In ultrastructural examination, the giant cells resembled osteoclasts, and the mononuclear stromal cells had fibroblastic and histiocytic features. No elements of epithelial differentiation were found in this tumor. These findings suggest that this tumor had a derivation similar to giant cell tumor of bone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01545773
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  • 31
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    Electronic Resource
    An electron microscopic and immunohistochemical study of Merkel cell carcinoma (1997)
    Springer
    Medical molecular morphology 30 (1997), S. 209-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1860-1499
    Keywords: Merkel cell carcinoma ; Dense core granule ; Chromogranin A ; Electron microscopy ; Immunohistochemistry study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two cases of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) were examined by electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Histologically, tumor cells, which extended from the dermis into the subcutis, showed anastomosing bands with partial trabecular pattern. The ultrastructural study showed tumor cells in case 1 with numerous neurosecretory granules. The number of granules in case 2, however, was smaller compared with that in case 1. Perinuclear bundles of filaments were present in case 2, but few bundles were observed in case 1. By immunohistochemistry, cytokeratin (CK)-8, -18, -19, and -20 and epithelial membrane antigen were stained positively within tumor cells in both cases. It was interesting that staining patterns of chromogranin A and of neuron-specific enolase were different in the two cases. These data indicated that CK-20 is a useful marker for diagnosing MCC and that ultrastructural and immunohistochemical differences in both cases were the result of phenotypic variation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01545772
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  • 32
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    Electronic Resource
    Cervical cord ependymoma with numerous microrosettes (1997)
    Springer
    Brain tumor pathology 14 (1997), S. 145-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1861-387X
    Keywords: Microrosette ependymoma ; Spinal cord ependymoma ; Trabecular architecture ; Immunohis-tochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract “Microrosette ependymoma,” which is ependymoma with numerous microrosettes throughout the tumor, has rarely been reported. We describe an autopsy case of cervical cord ependymoma with two unusual features: the presence of numerous microrosettes and the formation of trabecular architecture. The tumor originated in the C2 segment of a man aged 23 years and gradually expanded over the following 15 years and 10 months until the entire cervical cord was involved. Beside the low grade of malignancy, the tumor cells exhibited a strong tendency to form microrosettes and trabecular architecture, which formed many perivascular pseudorosettes. The microrosettes mostly consisted of only two or a few more cells, in the absence of large rosettes. Thus the constituent cells were those forming perivascular pseudorosettes. Electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry characterized the ependymal properties of the microrosettes, whose lumina frequently contained fibril bundles similar to those of the Reissner's fiber fibrils, in addition to cilia and microvilli. The pathogenesis of the occurrence of numerous microrosettes is unknown; however, a defect in the mechanism of regulation of rosette formation and enlargement is the most likely explanation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02478884
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  • 33
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    Electronic Resource
    Gastric carcinoid tumors in a brother-sister occurrence, with special reference to ultrastructural features of endocrine granules (1997)
    Springer
    Medical molecular morphology 30 (1997), S. 228-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1860-1499
    Keywords: Gastric carcinoid tumors ; Familial occurrence ; Electron microscopy ; Endocrine granules
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Our report concerns gastric carcinoid tumors in a man and his younger sister who had no endocrine symptoms. The tumors in both cases were multiple, located in the corpus, and showed no significant differences in light microscopic and immunohistochemical examination. In electron microscopic observation, the endocrine granules of tumor cells were roughly classified into four types: granules with fine granular content with low electron density, irregularly striped granules with medium electron density, concentrically laminated or regularly striped granules, or smaller and almost uniformly high electron-dense granules in which it was difficult to recognize the internal structure. From the sequential morphological changes of the granules, we have considered that each type of granule reflects various stages of granulogenesis, although the possibility that they are distinct and contain different hormones or chemical mediators is not absolutely ruled out.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01545775
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  • 34
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of microvessels and tumor cell processes on central neurocytoma (1997)
    Springer
    Brain tumor pathology 14 (1997), S. 79-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1861-387X
    Keywords: Neurocytoma ; Intraventricular tumor ; Electron microscopy ; Blood vessel ; Tumor cell process
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A case of central neurocytoma that was confirmed with ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies has been reported. Ultrastructurally, thin cytoplasmic processes of tumor cells showed differentiation into neuronal cells containing parallel bundles of microtubules and abortive synapses with dense-core vesicles and/or clear vesicles. It was frequently found that the clusters of tumor cell processes were close to or around the microvessels. Microvessels were composed of endothelial cells without fenestrations and had tight junctions in the endothelial clefts. Neurosecretory granules in thin cell processes appeared close to microvessels and may have been secreted around microvessels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02478874
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  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time sequence and site of fluid accumulation in experimental neurogenic pulmonary edema (1976)
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 168 (1976), S. 219-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Initial phase of neurogenic pulmonary edema ; Perfusion fixation ; HRP ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The initial phase of pulmonary edema development following intracranial pressure elevation was studied by means of transmission electron microscopy. Using perfusion fixation and application of a blood tracer (HRP horseradish peroxidase) the time sequence and site of fluid leakage out of pulmonary vessels was demonstrated: - passage of edema fluid through intercellular clefts of alveolar capillary endothelium - edema accumulation in alveolar interstitial tissue - draining of edema fluid from the alveolar septum to the interstitium of terminal bronchioli and to lymphatic vessels. An early interepithelial fluid leakage out of the alveolar wall remains questionable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01851320
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  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolism and ultrastructure in ovaries of alloxan-diabetic juvenile rats (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 220 (1976), S. 199-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: Rat ovaries ; Diabetes mellitus ; Alloxan ; ATP/ADP ; Lactate/pyruvate ; NADP/NADPH ; Glucose ; Protein content ; Hydrogen-coveying enzymes ; alkal. phosphatase ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurde der Einfluß eines alloxan-induzierten Diabetes mellitus auf den Stoffwechsel und die Ultrastruktur juveniler Rattenovarien untersucht. Der Diabetes mellitus bewirkte folgende Änderungen imStoffwechsel: Abfall der Konzentration von ATP und NADPH, Anstieg des Lactat/Pyruvat-Quotienten über 40, Abfall des ATP/ADP-Quotienten unter 1, Aktivitätsminderung der wasserstoffübertragenden Enzyme G-6-DH, Isocitrat-DH, Malat-DH, Aktivitätszunahme der alkalischen Phosphatase, Erniedrigung des Proteingehaltes.Ultrastruktur: Nahezu vollständiges Verschwinden des rauhen endoplasmatischen Reticulums, Schrumpfung der Mitochondrien, Reduktion der cristae und Kondensation der Matrix. Das glatte endoplasmatische Reticulum bleibt unverändert, der Golgi-Komplex ist in seiner Ausdehnung reduziert. Leichte Extrahierbarkeit der Lipiddepots. Die Befunde sprechen für eine Hemmung der oxydativen Phosphorylierung sowie für eine Beeinträchtigung des Steroid- und Proteinstoffwechsels.
    Notes: Summary Tests were carried out on the influence of alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus on the metabolism and the ultrastructure of ovaries of juvenile rats. The diabetes mellitus caused the following changes in themetabolism: reduction in the concentration of ATP and NADPH, increase in the lactate/pyruvate quotient to above 40, reduction in the ATP/ADP quotient to below 1, reduction in the level of activity of the hydrogen-conveying enzymes G-6-P-dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase, increase in the level of activity of the alkaline phosphatase, reduction of the protein content. Ultrastructure almost complete disappearance of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, shrinkage of the mitochondria, reduction of the cristae and condensation of the matrix. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum remains unchanged, the extent of the Golgi-complex is reduced. Easy removal of the lipid deposits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00667748
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  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural study of testis in testicular feminization (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 221 (1976), S. 277-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Endocrinology ; Pathology ; Testicular feminization ; Testis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Testicular tissue was investigated by electron microscopy in a case of testicular feminization. The seminiferous tubules were lined by spermatogonia and by Sertoli cells. Spermatocytic maturation was not observed. Leydig cells were numerous and contained well developed, abundant vesicular smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and large mitochondria with tubulovesicular cristae. Reinke crystalloids were absent. The ultrastructural findings were consistent with the assumption that Leydig cells were under adequate stimulation and were in a stage of active secretion. Hence, the results seem to indicate that testicular endocrine function was maintained in the studied case.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00667021
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  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of peripheral axotomy on the fine structure and histochemistry of the Rolando substance: Degenerative atrophy of central processes of pseudounipolar cells (1976)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 26 (1976), S. 73-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Rolando substance ; Degeneration ; Atrophy ; Axotomy ; Histochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Disappearence of fluorid-resistant acid phosphatase activity from the ipsilateral Rolando substance after transection of the peripheral nerve, is shown to be due to the cessation of enzyme supply from dorsal root ganglion cells to their central terminals. This is accompanied by (or ensues in consequence of) a fine structural derangement of these terminals (“degenerative atrophy”). Fine structural alterations of axon terminals undergoing degenerative atrophy, though similar to some extent to those seen during early phases of a Wallerian degeneration, are markedly different. Also myelinated nerve fibers, both in the dorsal horn and in dorsal columns, are affected by degenerative atrophy. This important, new trophical feature of sensory ganglion cells suggests a delicate metabolic balance between peripheral and central axonal branches of bipolar (pseudounipolar) cells. Degenerative atrophy raises serious implications in evaluating hodological experiments based upon Wallerian degeneration and offers new perspectives for theoretical and clinical neurology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235250
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  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An electron microscopic study of plasmatic arterionecrosis in the human cerebral arteries (1976)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 369 (1976), S. 181-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Cerebral hemorrhage ; Cerebral artery disease ; Plasmatic arterionecrosis ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An electron microscopic study of the intracerebral arteries from 9 hypertensive cases was performed in order to elucidate the morphogenesis of the plasmatic arterionecrosis which was considered to be the direct cause of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. In the preceding stage of the arterial lesions, marked necrosis of medial smooth muscle cells and increase of basement membrane-like substance in the intima and media were observed. The lumina of these arteries were slightly dilated. The dilatation and hemodynamic factors were supposed to cause endothelial injury resulting in blood plasma insudation into the intima through the opened spaces between endothelial cells. The insudated blood plasma dispersed and dissolved the basement membrane-like substance, collagen and elastic fibers in the arterial wall, leading to the development of the plasmatic arterionecrosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427707
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  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stereology of liver biopsies from healthy volunteers (1976)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 371 (1976), S. 251-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Human liver ; Electron microscopy ; Stereology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The stereologioal model and the base-line data of normal human liver needle biopsy-specimens are presented. Four reference systems were introduced: 1 cm3 of liver tissue, 1 cm3 of hepatoeyte, 1 cm3 of hepatocytic cytoplasm and the volume of an average “mononuclear” hepatocyte. The sampling was done at three levels of magnification (1,000 ×, 5,000 × and 10,000 ×). A lobular differentiation was not considered. The baseline data show strikingly small variations (s.e. less than 10%) within the individual biopsy specimen and within the group of four biopsies. There is no principal difference between human beings presented here, rats, mice and dogs. Only the mean individual volume of human hepatocytes is clearly larger than in rodents. The problems and limitations of stereological work on liver biopsy specimens are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00433072
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  • 41
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hairy cell leukemia (1976)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 370 (1976), S. 273-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Bone marrow biopsy ; Hairy cell leukemia ; Differential diagnosis ; Myelofibrosis ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In 24 patients with hairy cell leukemia, histological and fine structural findings from biopsies of the bone marrow are reported and their validity is compared with other diagnostic procedures available. Diagnosis by light microscopy of anterior iliac crest biopsies obtained by the method of myelotomy is possible with a high degree of accuracy. The differentiation of hairy cell leukemia from other myelo- or lymphoproliferative disorders based on cytomorphology as well as patterns of growth is emphasized. Morphological differences between fibrosis in this entity and other lesions such as malignant lymphomas, Hodgkin's disease, osteomyelofibrosis and -sclerosis are emphasized. Electron microscopy of the bone marrow shows single fibroblastic cells with numerous slender cytoplasmic processes randomly dispersed among the hairy cells. These fibroblasts are probably responsible for the synthesis of the reticulin and collagen fibres in their surroundings. Moreover fine structure of the hairy cells demonstrates pinocytic activity but no apparent phagocytosis in contrast to the phagocytic reticulum cells (histiocytes, macrophages). In the bone marrow the precursor cells and the many immature forms of hairy cells exhibit an overall lymphocytoid appearance during their maturation, suggesting a lymphocytic origin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00445773
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  • 42
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimentell induzierte Herzmuskelfasernekrosen nach Praemedikation mit Strophanthin (1976)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 370 (1976), S. 141-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Angiotensin ; Catecholamine ; Strophanthin ; Rat heart ; Myocardial necroses ; Optical microscopy ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei der Ratte nehmen die durch Angiotensin induzierten Herzmuskelfasernekrosen (75 mg/kg s.c. und i.p.) unter Strophanthin-Praemedikation (2 × 10−2 mg/kg i.p.) an Zahl und Ausmaß ab. Darüberhinaus ändert sich der elektronenmikroskopische Befund: Die alleinige Gabe von Angiotensin bewirkt eine Vakuolisation der Mitochondrion und eine Dilatation des endoplasmatischen Reticulum ohne Alteration der Myofibrillen. Die kombinierte Gabe von Strophanthin und Angiotensin führt zu einer primären Zerstörung der Myofibrillen, ohne daß Mitochondrien und tubuläres System sichtbar verändert werden. Der Schutzmechanismus des Strophanthin wird im Sinne einer Ökonomisierung des Zellstoffwechsels bei relativer coronarieller Insuffizienz diskutiert, welche durch die starke vasokonstriktorische Wirkung des Angiotensin ausgelöst wird.
    Notes: Summary Number and degree of angiotensin-induced heart muscle necroses in the rat (75 mg/kg body weight) are diminuished by premedication with strophanthin (2 × 10−2 mg/kg body weight). The electron-microscopic findings are also changed: the application of angiotensin only results in vacuolization of mitochondria and a dilatation of the endoplasmatic reticulum while myofibrils are unaltered. Angiotensin in combination with strophanthin has a direct destructive effect on the myofibrils without evident changes of the mitochondria and the tubular system of the heart. The protective action of Strophanthin on the heart muscle cell is discussed in the sense of an economization of the cellular metabolism under conditions of relative coronary insufficiency, induced by the vasoconstructive effect of angiotensin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00430810
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  • 43
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the fungitoxicity of some new thiocyanatopyrazole derivatives: Electron microscopical study in trichophyton mentagrophytes (1976)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 58 (1976), S. 39-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Trichophyton mentagrophytes ; Thiocyanatopyrazole derivatives ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Four thiocyanatopyrazole derivatives were synthesized and their fungistatic activity was demonstrated in vitro against a number of dermatophytic fungi. In Trichophyton mentagrophytes, the most active compound induced an unusual increase of the plasma membrane with production of intra and extracytoplasmic complexes, a deterioration of nuclear and mitochondrial membranes and a formation of autophagic-like vacuoles. Plasmolysis, accompanied by an almost complete disorganization of cytoplasmic structures, seemed to be the final event. A possible mechanism of action of the compounds was discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00493592
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  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the labyrinth in the rat full-term placenta (1976)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 149 (1976), S. 123-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Rat-placenta ; Gap junctions ; Electron microscopy ; Freeze-fracturing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The placental labyrinth of the chorioallantoic placenta of the rat was studied with transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Full-term placentas were investigated after perfusion fixation from the maternal and fetal circulation, including thin-sectioning and freeze-fracturing. The labyrinthal three-dimensional structure was found not to be trabecular but spongious lamellar. We propose a division of the lamellae into three groups—the first, second, and third order. The trophoblastic layers are described in detail, showing a cellular layer I and two syncytial layers II and III. Layer I is found to be fenestrated and highly permeable. Layers II and III are connected by extended gap junction areas. It is suggested that the gap junctions function as a molecular sieve and represent the limiting barrier in diaplacental transport of the choriollantoic placenta. Fetal capillaries are fenestrated and endothelial cells are connected by tight junctions. The functional significance of the morphologic findings is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00317893
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  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of Lewy bodies in the stellate ganglion (1976)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 34 (1976), S. 183-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Lewy body ; Electron microscopy ; Parkinsonism ; Dense core vesicles ; Catecholamines ; Mitochondrial inclusions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The Lewy body, a characteristic nerve cell inclusion in idiopathic parkinsonism, was examined by electron microscopy in the stellate ganglion, obtained from 9 patients at autopsy. Three main forms of Lewy bodies or Lewy body-related structures were demonstrated: A. Rare filamentous Lewy bodies, similar to Lewy bodies in the central nervous system. B. Granular Lewy bodies in nerve cell processes. C. Abnormal nerve cell processes, filled with heterogenous material. Large dense core vesicles were prominent in the last 2 forms. None of these abnormalities were found in 2 control groups consisting of 9 parkinsonism cases without central nervous system Lewy bodies, and 17 cases without parkinsonism. The filamentous Lewy body (type A) was found in the perikaryon and was surrounded by neuromelanin, whereas the other forms (type B and C) were seen in nerve cell processes. Mitochondrial inclusions, present mainly, but not exclusively, in neuromelanin-containing cells, were not related to Lewy body formation or to parkinsonism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688674
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  • 46
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Damage of skeletal muscle in rats by immunoglobulins (1976)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 34 (1976), S. 207-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Immunomyopathy ; Muscle disease ; Electron microscopy ; Experimental muscle pathology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An experimental model of the autoimmune process was developed to study the ultrastructural aspects of immunomyopathies. Every type of muscle fibre organelle was affected and the severity of injury increased in direct proportion to time following immunization. It is suggested that ultrastructural methods are useful in studies concerned with the analysis of structural aspects of experimental immunomyopathies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688676
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  • 47
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro characteristics of a sacrococcygeal chordoma maintained in tissue and organ culture systems (1976)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 35 (1976), S. 13-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Chordoma ; Tissue and organ culture ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Explants of a human sacral chordoma were successfully maintained on collagen-coated coverslips, gelfoam sponge matrices, and Millipore filter platforms for up to 30 days. Tumor cells cultured on collagen-coated coverslips became increasingly vacuolated whereas those maintained in organ culture were entirely free of vacuoles after 22 days in vitro. A single basic tumor cell, small and polygonal with a large central spherical nucleus and abundant endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, was recognized. Vacuoles were formed as the result of the progressive expansion of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Coalescence of these vacuoles produced the physaliferous cell of light microscopy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688940
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  • 48
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Esthésioneurocytome olfactif (1976)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 35 (1976), S. 139-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Olfactory esthesioneurocytoma ; Neurosecretory granules ; Microtubules ; Dystrophic axons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary One case of malignant tumour of the left nasal cavity is reported in a woman 56 year old, affected by the disease 24 years. Numerous recurrences appeared and various histological diagnoses were performed. At the last surgery, the tumour invaded the ethmoïd and was a typical olfactory esthesio-neurocytoma. By electron microscopy, mature ganglion cells with dense cored vesicles (neurosecretory granules) were densely packed. Neuritic processes with microtubules were rarely normal in size and their content was most often abnormal; furthermore dystrophic axons were noted in great number.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690560
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  • 49
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light and electron microscopic investigations on a transplantable tumour of the rat, induced by transplacental administration of ENU (ethylnitrosourea) (1976)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 36 (1976), S. 177-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Neurinoma ; ENU ; Prenatal carcinogenesis ; Transplantability ; Metastases ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary With a single dose of 80 mg/kg ENU, a tumour originating from the trigeminal nerve was induced transplacentally in the offspring of a Sprague-Dawley rat. The neoplasm diagnosed as a neurinoma, was transplanted over 20 passages to 5 six-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats in each case. During this time, the biological behaviour of the tumour as well as its histological appearance were followed. Ultrastructural observations were made of the 20th passage. The tumour caused multiple metastases in the lung and in the lymph nodes of the neck in 30 animals. Recurrences were formed within a week, metastases of the lung appeared from then on in all cases. During the time of transplantation, the neurinoma dedifferentiated histologically so markedly that it was no longer possible to classify the neoplasm as a neurogenous tumour after 20 passages. Ultrastructurally, poorly differentiated Schwann cells could nervetheless be recognized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00685279
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  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    “PKU Bodies”: Characteristic inclusions in the brain in phenylketonuria (1976)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 36 (1976), S. 295-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: PKU bodies ; Demyelination ; Dysmyelination ; Neuroglia ; Inborn errors of metabolism ; Phenylketonuria ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of various inclusions within oligodendroglial cells in the brains from two phenylketonuric patients was studied. Characteristic lamellar, oval, slightly irregular inclusions measured between 0.5 and 2 micra in diameter and were bounded by a single membrane. The longitudinal and transverse lamellae of these inclusions had a distinct pattern. In analogy to lamellated but different inclusions of other diseases, these structures were termed “PKU bodies”. Various possibilities that would explain the morphogenesis of the PKU bodies and other inclusions in the oligodendroglial cells, and the significance of these findings, are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00699635
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  • 51
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequence of morphological alterations in the nervous system of metachromatic leucodystrophy (1976)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 36 (1976), S. 369-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Leukodystrophy, metachromatic ; Prenatal diagnosis ; Sulphatide accumulation ; Myelination, central, peripheral ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Light and electronmicroscopic findings are reported in a case of metachromatic leukodystrophy diagnosed prenatally who died after iatrogenic abortion during the 23th week of gestation. The brain of this foetus was not yet myelinated while the spinal cord showed early, and the peripheral nerves advanced myelination. The onset and the degree of myelination were similar as in a normal foetus of the same age. Ultrastructurally there was evidence of sulphatide storage before the beginning of myelination. During myelination lysosomal storage material, staining metachromatically in acid cresyl violet preparations, appeared in oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells. Besides sulphatide storage material, prominent amounts of neutral lipids were found in oligodendrocytes. Myelin breakdown was encountered very seldom.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00699642
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  • 52
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of onion bulb neuropathy in the Trembler mouse (1976)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 36 (1976), S. 137-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Trembler mouse ; Peripheral neuropathy ; Electron microscopy ; Morphometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The Trembler mouse is a neurological mutant showing dominant inheritance. The peripheral nerves show a delay in myelination, segmental demyelination and the development of an onion bulb neuropathy. Using electron microscopy a comparative morphometric study of nerve fibres in the sciatic nerve in normal and Trembler mice was made. The animals ranged in age from 3 days to adult. The following features were noted: 1. Mean axon diameters of the Trembler mice were smaller than normal at all ages. 2. Myelination was delayed and myelin was thinner than normal in the Trembler mice. 3. The ratio of myelin thickness to axon diameter was reduced in Trembler mice. 4. There were no significant quantitative or qualitative differences observed between middle and distal levels of Trembler nerves. The balance of evidence from these findings and the previous morphological studies is in keeping with the suggestion that the primary lesion resides in the Schwann cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00685276
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  • 53
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    Electronic Resource
    The target phenomenon in human muscle (1976)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 34 (1976), S. 329-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Muscle pathology ; Target muscle fibre ; Targetoid muscle fibre ; Histochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A large number of target fibres is observed in a muscle biopsy from a patient with an acute flaccid paraplegia of the lower limbs due to a polyneuroradiculopathy of unknown origin. With the electron microscope up to 4 structural zones are seen in the target fibers. The histochemical and ultrastructural observations in this case, suggest that the “target fibre” phenomenon is due to a disturbed trophic influence of the nervous system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00696562
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  • 54
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological differences between the atrophied small muscle fibres in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Werdnig-Hoffmann disease (1976)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 34 (1976), S. 321-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Muscle fibres ; Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; Werdnig-Hoffmann disease ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Muscle biopsies from 5 cases of Werdnig-Hoffmann disease and 4 cases of ALS were investigated by histology and electronmicroscopy. The differences in morphology found in the atrophic muscle fibres in ALS and in W.H. diesease consisted mainly in the shape and structure of their cells and the number of the nuclei. Atrophic muscle fibres irregular in shape and size with degenerative changes and accumulated nuclei observed in ALS were markedly different from the picture of the fibres in W.H. disease. The presence of small muscle cells uniform diameter with well preserved architecture and single nuclei and numerous myotube-like cells seem to indicate a foetal defect in children with W.H. disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00696561
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  • 55
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    Electronic Resource
    Renflement fusiforme d'origine mécanique d'un nerf périphérique. Étude anatomique (1976)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 35 (1976), S. 47-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Entrapment neuropathy ; Fusiform nerve enlargement ; Segmental demyelination ; Axonal changes ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This paper reports on the study of a symptomless fusiform enlargement of the superficial peroneal nerve. The swelling was located in the part of the nerve passing through the aponevrosis. On incision of the epineurium small swellings were seen in the nerve fascicles. A fascicular biopsy was done and the fascicles studied by teasing and by optic and electron microscopy. Isolated nerve fiber study gave evidence of segmental demyelinisation with subsequent remyelinisation in almost all the myelinated fibers. These abnormalities were only encountered in the swollen part of the fascicle. A striking proliferation of cells was demonstrated in isolated fibers by counter-staining with hematoxylin. Electron microscopy showed primary demyelinsation and cellular proliferation affecting Schwann-cells (without onion bulb formations), fibroblasts and giant-vacuolated histiocytes. There was also a massive increase of endoneurial fluid. A few Büngner bands were seen. These rare abnormalities appear to be caused by chronic irritation of the nerve in its passage through the aponebrosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688942
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    Studies on experimental malignant nerve sheath tumors maintained in tissue and organ culture systems (1976)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 35 (1976), S. 27-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Experimental malignant Schwannomas ; Melanin and melanogenesis ; Tissue and organ culture ; Electron microscopy ; Pigmented nerve sheath tumors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Four melanin pigment-containing intracranial tumors were found in three Long-Evans rats in the course of experimental oncogenesis by transplacental ethylnitrosourea (ENU). One of them was a leptomeningeal melanoma. Aside from the presence of scattered melanin-pigmented cells, the other three had the typical histological features of ENU-induced malignant nerve sheath tumors. Two of the three tumors were studied by electron microscopy and in tissue and organ culture systems. One of them demonstrated progressive melanogenesis in vitro; the other failed to produce more melanin and showed increasing differentiation, with a Schwannoma-like pattern by light microscopy. Melanosomes and premelanosomes were identified in both tumors by electron microscopy; the other fine structural features were those of malignant Schwannomas. These observations are relevant to the controversy on the histogenesis of pigmented nerve sheath tumors occasionally encountered in man and on the relationship of these tumors to pigmented nevi. The findings in the present study support the view of Masson that neoplastic nerve sheath cells are capable of melanogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688941
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  • 57
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    Ultrastructure of the Gunn rat substantia nigra I. Cytoplasmic changes (1976)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 35 (1976), S. 93-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Substantia nigra ; Gunn rat ; Complex membranous bodies ; Bilirubin ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The substantia nigra of various aged hyperbilirubinemic (Gunn) rats was studied by means of electron microscopy. The cytological features observed in the neuronal somata were the presence of (1) complex membranous bodies (CMBs), (2) dilated cisternae of granular endoplasmic reticulum, (3) single membrane bound vacuoles and (4) enlarged mitochondria. Nearly every neuronal soma studied in two week old Gunn rats contained CMBs, which consisted of several layers of membrane that usually, but not always, surrounded small islands of cytoplasm. On occasion CMBs were seen to be directly connected with granular endoplasmic reticulum and, in a few instances, they were located within a cistern of endoplasmic reticulum. There were significantly fewer CMBs in the neuronal somata of adult Gunn rats. They were located peripherally in the somata or in the proximal portions of dendrites. Furthermore, in these animals the cytoplasm appeared normal and did not exhibit the features commonly seen in younger animals. Only a few hyperchromatic neurons were observed and no pronounced gliosis was evident. Therefore it is assumed that the majority of substantia nigra neurons recovered from the toxic effect of bilirubin or that the concentration of bilirubin deposited in the substantia nigra is not sufficient to be lethal. The hypothesis that is considered is that CMBs represent autophagic activity which results from exposure of neurons to bilirubin. The adjacent neurites and glia did not demonstrate the cytoplasmic changes that were characteristic of the neuronal somata.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690556
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  • 58
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    Whipple's disease of the central nervous system (1976)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 36 (1976), S. 31-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Whipple's disease ; Central nervous system ; Granulomatous infiltration ; Electron microscopy ; Bacillary bodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Whipple's disease presenting as a neurological disease without gastrointestinal symptoms is an unusual occurrence. A 40 year old man suffered hypersomnia, memory loss and progressive ophthalmoplegia for 6 months prior to death. The nature of his disease was not established during life. Extensive granulomatous inflammation affecting the hypothalamus, hippocampus and periaqueductal gray matter of the brain was found to represent Whipple's disease by electron microscopy. Characteristic lesions were also present in spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, small intestine and myocardium. Bacillary bodies and membranous inclusions similar to those seen in visceral lesions of Whipple's disease were present in macrophages. The findings supported the theory of direct involvement of the central nervous system by bacilli rather than a metabolic origin for the lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00685145
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  • 59
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    Studies on experimental malignant nerve sheath tumors maintained in tissue and organ culture systems II. Electron microscopy observations (1976)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 34 (1976), S. 293-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Experimental malignant Schwannomas ; Organ culture ; Electron microscopy ; Differentiation ; Microtubules ; Basal lamina ; Perineurial fibroblasts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The sequential electron microscopic features of six malignant nerve sheath tumors (three cranial and three spinal) induced in rats by transplacental ethylnitrosourea and maintained in organ culture systems were compared with those of a human acoustic Schwannoma similarly cultured. After 4 weeks in vitro, the malignant tumor cells often showed progressive elongation of their processes, with the development of an interdigitating pattern resembling that seen in well-differentiated Schwannomas. This was accompanied by an increase of microtubules. Basal lamina formation, less well-developed and less complete than in the benign Schwannoma in this study, was maintained in culture. Some explants demonstrated an increase in number and width of collagen fibrils, accompanied by a relative concomitant decrease of intercellular basement membrane material. The malignant tumor cells also showed numerous micropinocytotic vesicles and various junctional complexes, which are characteristic of perineurial cells. Since the origin of the experimental tumors from adult Schwann cells seems well established, this apparent contradiction is best resolved by the concept that Schwann cells and perineurial fibroblasts are functional variants of the same cell type.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00696559
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  • 60
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    Vacuolation of oligodendroglia in neoplastic perifocal edema (1976)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 35 (1976), S. 1-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cytoplasmic vacuole ; Oligodendroglia ; Brain edema ; Metastatic carcinoma ; Glioma ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Vacuolation of oligodendroglia, a new type of cytopathological change, has been described. The change is observed frequently at the perifocally edematous cerebral white matter adjacent to the metastatic lesions of carcinoma from the lung in all three cases examined. It is also present occasionally in association with astrocytoma. This condition is characterized by swelling of oligodendroglias due to numerous cytoplasmic vacuolations which contain the material identical with that of the extracellular edema fluid. In such cells, the nucleus is displaced and deformed by vacuoles but the nuclear chromatin and envelopes are arranged normally. By occupation of numerous large vacuoles the cytoplasm is divided into small areas, but the individual organelles are only minimally altered. The oligodendroglial vacuolation seems to be a phagocytic response to the edema fluid which contains proteinous macromolecules derived from blood-borne protein and necrotic material of brain tissue and neoplastic cells. The vacuolation may result in some oligodendroglial dysfunction in maintenance of myelin and probably be related with diffuse loss of myelin sheath in the longstanding brain edema secondary to neoplastic invasion. The vacuolated cells can be identified with light and electron microscopes in Epon-embedded sections of surgically removed tissue but not in paraffin sections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688939
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  • 61
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    Dynamic aspects of peripheral nerve changes in progressive neural muscular atrophy (1976)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 211 (1976), S. 111-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Peripheral nerve ; Peroneal muscular atrophy ; Nerve biopsy ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 2 Patienten mit progressiver neuraler Muskelatrophie wurden Nervenbiopsien jeweils in einem frühen und in einem fortgeschrittenerem Stadium der Erkrankung entnommen und verglichen. In beiden Fällen zeigten bereits die frühen Biopsien ein völliges Fehlen der großkalibrigen, dickbemarkten Axone. Ebenfalls als frühe Veränderung wurde eine Erweiterung des endoneuralen Interstitiums festgestellt. Eine geringe Anzahl der vorhandenen bemarkten und unbemarkten Axone in allen Biopsien wies degenerative Veränderungen auf. Die für die progressive neurale Muskelatrophie typische Zwiebelschalenbildung der Schwannschen Zellen — möglicherweise eine Reaktion auf wiederholte De-und Remyelinisierungsvorgänge um dystrophische Axone — trat erst in den späteren Biopsien deutlicher hervor. Hinsichtlich der formalen Genese der hypertrophischen Neuropathie bei neuraler Muskelatrophie sind nach diesen Beobachtungen axonale Dystrophie und interstitielle Veränderungen des Endoneuriums als primäre Entmarkung und Zwiebelschalenbildung als sekundäre Phänomene zu betrachten. Die Möglichkeit einer kausalen Beziehung zwischen axonaler Dystrophie und interstitiellen Veränderungen wird an Hand der vorliegenden Befunde und Literatur diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary Serial nerve biopsies were performed at an early, and at an advanced stage of the disease in 2 patients with progressive neural muscular atrophy. The early biopsy showed a complete loss of the large diameter and thickly myelinated fibres, as well as an expansion of the endoneurial interstitium in both cases. Myelinated and unmyelinated fibres exhibited axonal degeneration in all biopsies occasionally. “Onion bulb” formation, a typical feature of peripheral neuropathy in neural muscular atrophy, was found to be prominent only in the latter biopsies. As regards the formal pathogenesis of hypertrophic neuropathy in neural muscular atrophy, axonal dystrophy and interstitial changes of the endoneurium were regarded as primary phenomena, demyelination and “onion bulb” formation as secondary. A possible causal relation between axonal dystrophy and interstitial changes, observed in these cases, is discussed in the light of the present literature.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00313355
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    Purification, some properties and quaternary structure of thed-ribulose 1,5-diphosphate carboxylase ofAlcaligenes eutrophus (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 110 (1976), S. 157-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: d-Ribulose 1,5-diphosphate carboxylase ; Oxygenase activity ; Quaternary structure ; Electron microscopy ; Alcaligenes eutrophus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract d-Ribulose 1,5-diphosphate carboxylase has been purified from autotrophically grown cells of the facultative chemolithotrophic hydrogen bacteriumAlcaligenes eutrophus. The enzyme was homogeneous by the criteria of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight of the enzyme was 505000 determined by gel filtration and sucrose density gradient centrifugation, and a sedimentation coefficient of 18.2 S was obtained. It was demonstrated by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis that the enzyme consists of two types of subunits of molecular weight 52000 and 13000. Electron microscopy on the intact and the partially dissociated enzyme lead to the construction of a model for the quaternary structure of the enzyme which is composed of 8 large and 8 small subunits. The most probable symmetry of the enzyme molecule is 4:2:2. Michaelis constant (K m ) values for ribulose 1,5-diphosphate, Mg2-, and CO2 were 0.59 mM, 0.33 mM, and 0.066 mM measured under air. Oxygen was a competitive inhibitor with respect to CO2 suggesting that the enzyme also exhibits an oxygenase activity. The oxygenolytic cleavage of ribulose 1,5-diphosphate was shown and a 1:1 stoichiometry between oxygen consumption and 3-phosphoglycerate formation observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690223
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    Physiology and fine structure of sporangiospore germination in Piptocephalis unispora prior to infection (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 107 (1976), S. 99-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Piptocephalis unispora ; Mucorales ; Kickxellaceae ; Electron microscopy ; Germination ; Spore swelling ; Sporangiospore
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Germination of the sporangiospore of Piptocephalis unispora Benjamin, observed by means of light and electron microscopy, involved the formation of a new inner wall which became continous with the inner layer of the wall of the germ tube. The outer wall layer of the germ tube was continous with the original inner wall layer of the dormant spore. Preliminary details of appressorium structure were noted. Nutritional experiments indicated that sporangiospores required external sources of utilisable nitrogen and carbon compounds for maximal swelling and germ tube production. Limited development occurred when either nutrient was supplied singly. Comparison of germination of the asexual spore with that in other Mucorales, especially the Kickxellaceae, has been made, and the merosporangial status in P. unispora discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427874
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    Microfilament bundles in antheridial nuclei of Achlya ambisexualis E 87 (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 107 (1976), S. 113-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Achlya ; Electron microscopy ; Nuclear microfilaments ; Antheridia ; Mycology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This is the first report of intranuclear microfilaments within gametangial nuclei of oömycetous fungi. Longitudinal sections of four to six microfilaments were frequently observed in meiotic antheridial nuclei of Achlya ambisexualis. Each microfilament measured approximately 7–10 nm in diameter. Spindle tubules (25 nm in diameter) were also observed within some of the nuclei possessing microfilaments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427876
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    Electron microscopy of isolated cell walls of Bacillus subtilis var. niger (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 109 (1976), S. 195-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Cell wall ; Peptidoglycan ; Electron microscopy ; Bacillus subtilis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Isolated cell walls of Bacillus subtilis have a striated appearance in the electron microscope. The structure persists when teichoic acids are removed. It is inferred that the structure bears on the arrangement of the peptidoglycan chains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425135
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  • 66
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    Penetration of Phytophthora cinnamomi into disease tolerant and susceptible eucalypts (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 108 (1976), S. 231-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Phytophthora ; Penetration ; Eucalypts ; Roots ; Electron microscopy ; Appressoria ; Plugs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The mechanisms of penetration of Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands into seedling eucalypt roots were studied by light and electron microscopy. Culture grown seedlings of root-rot tolerant Eucalyptus st johnii and root-rot susceptible Eucalyptus obliqua were inoculated with both zoospores and mycelium. Zoospores encysted on roots of both species and the germ tubes penetrated without the formation of appressoria. Swellings, previously described as appressoria, were formed when the germ tube was slow to enter the host by intracellular penetration. Vegetative hyphae penetrated both inter- and intracellularly into the zones of root elongation and differentiation, often through root hairs. Evidence of hydrolysis of the host cell-wall at the point of penetration was observed in electron micrographs. Several hours after the germ tube penetrated the epidermis, a thick plug of amorphous material formed in the germ tube slightly below the level of the outer walls of the epidermal cells, sealing off the hypha within the root. Behaviour of zoospores and germ tubes and the mechanism of penetration were similar on both hosts. Micrographs do not suggest any kind of a hypersensitive reaction by the host cells during the early stages of infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00454847
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    The fine structure of Micrococcus radiophilus and Micrococcus radioproteolyticus (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 107 (1976), S. 313-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Micrococcus radiophilus ; Micrococcus radioproteolyticus ; Bacterial cell walls ; Fine structure ; Electron microscopy ; Taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The radiation resistant bacteria Micrococcus radiophilus and M. radioproteolyticus were studied by thin sectioning and freeze-etching techniques and the two species were found to be similar in the fine structure. The only significant difference was in the appearance of the surfaces of the cell walls in freeze-etched preparations. Since the two species, together with M. radiodurans, possess a unique cell wall structure and a cell wall peptidoglycan, which is different from that of other micrococci and Gram-positive cocci, it is recommended that they be reclassified into a new genus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425346
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    Alterations in the cell wall of Spirillum serpens VHL early in its association with Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109D (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 108 (1976), S. 55-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Bdellovibrio ; Spirillum ; Cell wall ; Bdelloplast ; Lipoprotein ; Peptidoglycan ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In both freeze-etched and critical-point dried preparations examined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, respectively, the outer surfaces of the cells of Spirillum serpens VHL assume a wrinkled appearance 10–15 min after challenge by Bdellovibrion bacteriovorus 109D. This wrinkling effect is believed (on circumstantial evidence) to be caused by the bdellovibrio's disruption of the cell wall lipoprotein of the Spirillum. With the exception of those topological changes caused by wrinkling, the outer membrane of the Spirillum cell wall retains a normal appearance as viewed in freeze-etched preparations, even after the Spirillum cell has been converted into a bdelloplast. Although the peptidoglycan layer of the Spirillum cell presumably is weakened somewhat by the invading Bdellovibrio, evidence obtained from freeze-fractured preparations of Spirillum bdelloplasts suggests that the peptidoglycan remains as a discrete cell wall layer, even though the Spirillum cell wall apparently has lost much of its rigidity. That the peptidoglycan backbone remains essentially intact, even after the Spirillum cell has been entered by the Bdellovibrio, is supported by the observation that the soluble amino sugar content of the culture medium, as determined by chemical analysis, does not rise even 5.0 h after the association of the Bdellovibrio with the Spirillum has begun.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425093
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    The cytology of the gametes and fertilization of Allomyces macrogynus (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 109 (1976), S. 21-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Allomyces ; Gametes ; Fertilization ; Membrane fusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The gametes and the process of fertilization were examined by light and electron microscopy in the lower eukaryote Allomyces macrogynus. Differences in gamete morphology included the overall larger size and the presence of a larger nuclear apparatus, along with the association of a side-body complex and many more mitochondria in the female gamete. In this species of Allomyces, fertilization was initiated by contact and fusion of specialized regions of the gamete plasma membranes resulting in a binucleate fusion cell surrounded by plasma membrane contributed by both partners. Following plasmogamy, nuclear fusion was initiated by multiple nuclear membrane contacts between adjacent outer membranes. Following inner membrane fusion, small nucleoplasmic bridges were observed which presumably fused with one another and resulted in a single bridge which widened, forming the mature diploid nucleus. After karyogamy, fusion of the nuclear caps did not always occur and zygotes with and without fused caps were observed. Coalescence of the nucleoli completed the events of fertilization, forming a zygote with a single nuclear apparatus (sometimes with two caps) and two flagella. These observations are discussed in relation to fertilization mechanisms and compared to fertilization in other organisms.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425108
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    Structure and composition of intracytoplasmic membranes of Ectothiorhodospira mobilis (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 107 (1976), S. 167-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Ectothiorhodospira mobilis ; Photosynthetic membranes ; Electron microscopy ; Isolation of membranes ; Structure of membranes ; Composition of membranes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The lamellar membrane stacks of Ectothiorhodospira mobilis were isolated and purified by a combination of lysozyme and osmotic shock treatment, followed by differential and density gradient centrifugation. Preparations of lamellar membranes were enriched at least 2.4-fold in the ratio of bacteriochlorophyll a to protein. Thin-sectioning, negative staining, platinumcarbon shadowing and freeze-etching were used to study the architecture of the membrane units. Both platinum-carbon shadowing and freeze-etching showed the outer surfaces of the isolated lamellar membrane stacks to be relatively smooth. Particles averaging 7 nm in diameter were seen on several faces following freeze-ctching. Non-polar amino acids amounted to 60% of the total amino acid composition. Lipids constituted 32% of the membrane dry weight. Phosphatidyl ethanolamine and diphosphatidyl glycerol were the major phospholipids. Fatty acids of 10–15 carbons represented a small fraction of both membrane and whole cell fatty acids. Monoenes constituted 36% of the total membrane fatty acids and 38.4% of the total whole cell fatty acids. The major fatty acids of both whole cells and purified membranes were C16:0, C18:1 and cyclopropane C19:0.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00446836
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    Intracelluläre Organisation phagenschwanz-ähnlicher Bacteriocine der Gruppe A in Serratia marcescens (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 111 (1976), S. 175-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Serratia marcescens ; (Phage tail) bacteriocin ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Genese eines phagenschwanzähnlichen Bacteriocins in Zellen des Gruppe A-bacteriocinogenen (bA+) Serratia marcescens-Stammer Nr. 16 wurde nach Mitomycin C (MC) Induktion elektronenoptisch untersucht. Dieses Bacteriocin (Gesamtlänge 117 nm) besteht aus einem hohlen Stift mit kontraktiler Scheide. Nach 60 min Induktion wurden in Dünnschnitten stäbchenförmige Bacteriocine identifiziert. Sie erscheinen in drei Aggregationsformen: 1. als hexagonale Einschlüsse, 2. als Bänder dicht nebeneinanderliegender Bacteriocine und 3. als Stapel von übereinanderliegenden Bacteriocinschichten, wenn nach 120 min Induktion ein Maximum von ca. 450 Bacteriocinen pro Zelle erreicht wird. Bacteriocine konnten nach der gleichen Induktionszeit von 60 min auch mit der “in situ lysis technique” nachgewiesen werden. Neben Bacteriocinen traten relativ selten und unregelmäßig auch Phagenköpfe auf. Die Stäbchenform teilungsfähiger Zellen blieb bis zum Auftreten von intracellulären Bacteriocinen erhalten. Ihre Umwandlung in geblähte, sphäroplastenähnliche Zellformen, die nach 120 min Induktion lysierten, war zeitlich korreliert mit Feinstrukturveränderungen der Zellwand.
    Notes: Abstract The biosynthesis of a phage tail-like Bacteriocin by cells of the group A-bacteriocinogenic (bA+ Serratia marcescens strain no. 16 after induction with mitomycin C (MC) was examined electronmicroscopically. This bacteriocin (total length 117 nm) consists of a hollow core and a contractile sheath. At 60 min following induction, rod-like bacteriocin-partieles were identifiable in ultrathin sections. The particles were found to comprise three morphologically different forms of aggregation: 1. hexagonal inclusions, 2. contiguous, bank-like particles, and 3. staples of superimposed layers of bacteriocin particles. At 120 min after induction bA+ cells revealed maximally 450 bacteriocin particles. Similarly, the phage tail particles could be demonstrated with the “in situ lysis technique” at 60 min following induction. Occasionally, phage heads were demonstrable, but in no instance were complete phage particles discernible. Dividing cells of the bA+ strain of S. marcescens maintained their rod-form following induction with MC until intracellular phage tail bacteriocin particles were seen. However, at 120 min after induction, the swollen, sphaeroplast-like cells lysed, an event that could be correlated with fine structural alterations of the cell wall.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00446566
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    Specificity of innervation of iris musculature by sympathetic nerve fibres in tissue culture (1976)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 361 (1976), S. 127-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Tissue culture ; Fluorescence histochemistry ; Electrophysiology ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Irides from 3–5 day old rats have been grown 1–3 mm from superior cervical or lumbar paravertebral sympathetic ganglia in modified Rose chambers. The two muscles of the iris received distinctly different innervation patternsin vitro, and these were similar to those seenin vivo. Varicose, adrenergic fibres were consistently associated with the dilator pupillae rather than with the sphincter pupillae while excitatory, cholinergic junctions developed between the nerve fibres and the muscle cells of the sphincter but not the dilator. There was a lack of specificity shown by the sympathetic neurons during this innervation. Fibres from lumbar ganglia formed plexuses within the dilator similar to those formed by superior cervical fibres, and sympathetic, cholinergic fibres were able to substitute for the normal parasympathetic, cholinergic fibres in the sphincter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00583456
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    Cellular differentiations and structural characteristics in nasopharyngeal angiofibromas (1976)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 371 (1976), S. 273-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma ; Fibroblast ; Vascular cells ; Fibromatosis ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An electron-microscopic study of 9 nasopharyngeal angiofibromas was performed in order to elucidate the ultrastructural characteristics. Stromal fibroblasts and proliferating cells of the microvasculature were found. The stromal fibroblasts were subdivided into 3 different groups: (1) “classical” fibroblasts, (2) fibroblasts with histiocytelike features, and (3) fibroblasts with myoid features. By proliferation the cells of the capillary vessels change into stromal cells. A particular pattern of nuclei and dense intranuclear granules is only found in stromal fibroblasts. Consequently fibroblasts as well as cells of the microvasculature contribute to the pool of tumor cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00433074
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  • 74
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    Fluorescence histochemical and electron-microscopical observations on the innervation of the atrial myocardium of the adult human heart (1976)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 371 (1976), S. 101-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Human heart ; Innervation ; Fluorescence histochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Catecholamines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The existence of both adrenergic and cholinergic innervation of the atrial myocardium of the adult human heart was demonstrated by means of fluorescence induced by formaldehyde or glyoxylic acid and by electron microscopy. The adrenergic fluorescing axons (1) followed the course of blood vessels as typical perivascular nerve plexuses, and (2) formed a three-dimensional fairly dense nerve net obviously not related to the blood vessels. The varicosities frequently came into close apposition on myocardial cells. Several types of nerve terminals were differentiated at electron microscopy: (1) an “adrenergic” type containing small (diameter 450–700 Å) dense-cored vesicles and usually (in various proportions) small “empty” and/or large (900–1500 Å) dense-cored vesicles, (2) a “cholinergic” type containing small (ca. 500 Å) “empty” vesicles and occasionally also some large (mean diameter ca. 1200 Å) dense-cored vesicles, (3) a “pale” type containing only a few or no vesicles, (4) a “disintegrated” type containing degenerated mitochondria, autophagic vacuoles, and occasional normal-looking mitochondria, (5) nerve terminals containing a large number of mitochondria in addition to varying vesicle populations, and (6) a (possibly baroreceptive type of) nerve terminal containing myelinlike lamellated structures. The “disintegrated” and the “pale” types of nerve terminals possibly represent different stages of axonal degeneration, or may correspond to diminution in the transmitter substance concentration under certain pathophysiologic conditions, respectively. Nerve terminals crowded with mitochondria may be sensory and involved in mechano-or chemoreceptive functions. In preliminary experiments convincing evidence was obtained that the glyoxylic acid-induced fluorescence histochemical method will be suitable for comparative studies on (human) clinical specimens, e.g., for analyzing the degree of the functional activity of the intrinsic adrenergic innervation of the myocardium under various pathophysiologic conditions. The modification which appeared most appropriate for such studies is described in detail, and is proposed for use as a standard method in other similar or related studies on human clinical series. The essential criteria for analyzing the specimens at fluorescence microscopy are suggested as well.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00444927
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  • 75
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    Fine structure of baroreceptor terminals in the carotid sinus of guinea pigs and mice (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 170 (1976), S. 95-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Baroreceptors ; Carotid sinus ; Mechanoreceptors ; Electron microscopy ; Fluorescence histochemistry ; Guinea pig, mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A light and electron microscopic study was undertaken on the baroreceptor axon terminals in the carotid sinus of guinea pigs and mice, using serial semithin and thin sections. Together with their enveloping Schwann cells, numerous lanceolate axon terminals are organized into a well-defined discoid end organ, referred to as the ‘baroreceptor unit’. Baroreceptor units measure 100 to 150 μm in diameter and are arranged in a hexagonal pattern. These end organs represent free branched lanceolate mechanoreceptors of complex type (Andres and von Düring, 1973) which belong to the main group of stretch receptors. In the guinea pig the lanceolate terminals enter the media and approach the innermost layers near the intima. In the mouse the terminals are seen to spread in the adventitia and along the medio-adventitial border. Only a few of them penetrate the external elastic layer. Species differences concerning the localization and extent of these visceral mechanoreceptors are discussed, as well as the modified architecture of the sinus wall in the receptor area (‘elastic segment’). Lanceolate terminals form beaded varicosities which are equipped with finger-like or lamellar axoplasmic protrusions. These projections contain a well-differentiated receptor matrix. They are attached to collagen and elastic fibers. The varicosities include densely packed mitochondria, neurotubules, profiles of axoplasmic reticulum, clear and granular vesicles, and striking accumulations of glycogen particles, lamellated bodies and lysosomes. Four types of varicosities are discerned according to their main axoplasmic components. Various types of these varicosities occur within an individual lanceolate terminal. The adrenergic innervation of the carotid sinus was studied by fluorescence histochemistry. In guinea pigs a multilayered wide-meshed plexus of fluorescent fibers occurs in the adventitia where it is closely related to baroreceptor stem fibers. However, adrenergic axons do not enter the media. In mice fluorescent fibers are extremely rare in the adventitia of the carotid sinus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220113
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  • 76
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    The ultrastructure of the accessory sex organs of the male rat (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 171 (1976), S. 285-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Prostate ; Rat ; Castration ; Nuclear alterations ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of the nuclei of epithelial cells of the dorsal lobe of the rat prostate were studied 2, 3, 5, 7 and 21 days after castration. The nucleolus appears to undergo a progressive disorganisation with partial fragmentation and dispersion of its normal components. Changes in the nucleoplasm were primarily reflected by a condensation of chromatin, particularly along the nuclear membrane and adjacent to the nucleolus. Later, different types of intranuclear inclusions were observed. After 21 days, the nuclei were characterized by an irregular outline with large indentation. Within the nucleoplasm aggregates of coarse granular chromatin were found. No cell necrosis was observed, indicating that androgen deprivation results in a remodeling of the cell to a less active state with marked cellular alterations and cessation of secretion, but apparently with some of their basic functions still intact. Injections of testosterone completely reverse the castrated-induced alterations. The changes observed are assumed to be due to the withdrawal of the androgenic stimulus, with a direct influence on the secretory function of the cell. The findings support the view that the stimulating secretory effect of androgen is mediated via an intranuclear androgen receptor, probably located in the nucleolus-associated-chromatin. It is also proposed that the secretory function of the epithelial cells of the prostatic complex, initiated by androgens, may be regulated by an intranuclear secretory center.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224654
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  • 77
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    Electronic Resource
    The nucleolar fibrillar centres in various cell types in vivo or in vitro (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 173 (1976), S. 315-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Nucleolus ; Fibrillar centre ; Nucleolar organizer ; In vitro and in vivo ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Nucleoli were studied in chick fibroblasts cultured in vitro, under normal or under experimental conditions, and in several mammalian cell types in vivo. All these cells frequently contain nucleoli with fibrillar centres. The nucleolar fibrillar centres are composed of fibrous material of low electron density and are always intimately associated with the dense fibrillar component. Their morphology is very similar to that analysed cytochemically in Ehrlich tumour cells. It therefore appears that they could be related to the nucleolar organizers as suggested in Ehrlich tumour cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220319
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  • 78
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    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of the glio-interstitial system in molluscs (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 165 (1976), S. 171-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Glio-interstitial tissue ; Muscle cells ; Aplysia ; Dorid nudibranchs ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The muscular walls of the buccal mass and the oesophagus of Aplysia rosea and Glossodoris tricolor were studied by electron microscopy. The cytological features of the muscle cells, neuro-muscular junctions and a neuro-glial junction are described. This junction between an axon and a teloglial process, in the oesophagus of Aplysia, possesses all the cytological differentiations of a typical molluscan synapse. Particular attention is drawn to the distribution of the glio-interstitial tissue and the size of the extracellular spaces in these muscular organs. The classification of these muscle into ‘tonic’ and ‘phasic’ types is discussed. From this study and other data, it is concluded that the development of the glio-interstitial tissue in the muscular organs of molluscs is correlated with the size of the extracellular spaces rather than with the type of contraction of the muscle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226657
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  • 79
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    The membrane systems of the cardiac muscle cell of Tmetonyx cicada O. Fabricius (Crustacea, Amphipoda) (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 173 (1976), S. 451-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cardiac sarcomeres ; Tmetonyx cicada (Crustacea) ; T-tubules ; Sarcoplasmic reticulum ; Couplings ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The membrane systems of the cardiac muscle cell of the amphipod Tmetonyx cicada (O. Fabricius) are described. The sarcolemma invaginates and forms a transverse network of tubules at the level of the Z band. Narrow longitudinal tubules branch from the network and connect to another transverse network of tubules at the H band level, where dyadic and triadic junctions are formed with the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Adjacent myofibrils are normally separated by a well developed double layer of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. In areas where the myofibrils closely approach the outer sarcolemma, peripheral couplings have been found at the level of the H band.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224307
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  • 80
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    Electronic Resource
    “Axonal spheroids” in the spinal cord of normal rabbits (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 174 (1976), S. 99-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Axonal spheroids ; Spinal cord ; Rabbit ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Within the gray matter and the white matter of the spinal cord of apparently healthy rabbits, myelinated and unmyelinated axonal swellings, so called “axonal spheroids”, occur. Most of the spheroids contain mitochondria, dense bodies, vesicles and fragments of the tubular or smooth endoplasmic reticulum. In myelinated spheroids the process of swelling is effected by slippage of the myelin leaflets. At the periphery of the unmyelinated parts of the spheroids, synapses are regularly found. The presynaptic terminal bouton is formed by the spheroid. A few myelinated and unmyelinated spheroids are packed with fine granular material while mitochondria are lacking. The axonal spheroids may represent a physiological, perhaps age dependent phenomenon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222153
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  • 81
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    Electronic Resource
    The morphology and innervation of subepithelial “striated” muscle cells in the male guinea-pig urethra (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 174 (1976), S. 281-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Striated muscle ; Guinea-pig urethra ; Innervation ; Morphology ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Light and electron microscopic techniques have been used to determine the distribution, morphology and innervation of subepithelial striated muscle cells in the wall of the proximal urethra of the male guinea-pig. These cells form a continuous layer, immediately beneath the urethral epithelium extending from the bladder neck to the termination of the ejaculatory ducts into the proximal urethra. They differ from “typical” striated muscle fibres (as seen in the external urethral sphincter) by their small size, rich acetylcholinesterase content and the irregular arrangement of intracellular myofilaments and sarcoplasmic reticulum. In addition, motor end plate regions have not been observed on these striated cells when examined using a light microscopic histochemical technique. The cells are related to acetylcholinesterase positive nerves which run between them in a manner compatible with the occurrence of “en passant” synaptic interactions. Using electron microscopy, axonal varicosities containing small (50 nm diameter) agranular vesicles are encountered 50 nm from the striated cells; membrane specialisations characteristic of motor end plates have not been observed on the cells. The findings are discussed, particularly in relation to the distribution, unusual morphology and innervation of these subepithelial muscle cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222165
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  • 82
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    Relationship between the chromatoid body and the acrosomal system in early spermatids of Myxine glutinosa L. (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 174 (1976), S. 427-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Chromatoid body ; Acrosome ; Electron microscopy ; Myxine glutinosa L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine vorübergehende enge Beziehung zwischen dem Chromatoiden Körper und dem sich entwickelnden Acrosom wird in jungen Spermatiden von Myxine glutinosa demonstriert.
    Notes: Summary A transient close relationship between the chromatoid body and the developing acrosome is demonstrated in early spermatids of Myxine glutinosa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220685
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  • 83
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    Electronic Resource
    On the fine structure of the regressing ecdysial glands of Carcinus maenas L. (Crustacea decapoda) parasitized by Sacculina carcini thompson (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 167 (1976), S. 351-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ecdysial gland (crab) ; Regression ; Rhizocephalan parasite ; Absorptive roots ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ecdysial glands (Y organs) of the crab Carcinus maenas regress in the presence of an external parasite, Sacculina carcini. This regression is more or less severe and may lead to complete autolysis. Three gradual stages in this involutionary process are described. In stage I, the gland cells are nearly normal. Nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles remain unchanged, but large vacuoles begin to appear. Stage II corresponds to more or less drastic nuclear pyknosis and cytoplasmic alterations. Myelin figures are large and numerous. Lysosomes and autophagic vacuoles with phosphatase activity are abundant. However, the general cellular architecture remains preserved. Stage III corresponds to irreversible cytolysis; nuclear envelopes and plasma membranes have disappeared. What remains is an accumulation of cellular debris becoming engulfed by circulating hemocytes. Not all of the gland cells of any given Y organ show the same degree of regression; degeneration is asynchronous. Structures seemingly corresponding to absorptive roots of the parasite are seen. Their lumen is coated with microvilli. The putative direct and indirect influences of the rhizocephalan parasite on its host are discussed. Our results on regressing Y organs of parasitized crabs are compared with those on regressing ecdysial glands of insects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219147
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  • 84
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    Electronic Resource
    Morphometric classification of neurosecretory granules in the neurohypophysis of the hagfish, Eptatretus burgeri (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 166 (1976), S. 145-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurosecretory granules ; Morphometric classification ; Neurohypophysis ; Hagfish, Eptatretus burgeri ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neurosecretory axons in the neurohypophysis of the hagfish, Eptatretus burgeri, were statistically classified into six types according to the size of secretory granules. These types are comparable with those in higher vertebrates. The concentration of each axon type is different in three regions: anterior dorsal wall, posterior dorsal wall, and ventral wall. The regional differences of the hagfish neurohypophysis are discussed in relation to the regional differentiation of the tetrapod neurohypophysis into the median eminence and the pars nervosa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227036
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  • 85
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    Electronic Resource
    On argyrophil reactions of endocrine cells in the human fetal pancreas (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 168 (1976), S. 33-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Human fetal pancreas ; Endocrine cells ; Argyrophil reactions ; Light microscopy ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The endocrine cells in the pancreas of five human fetuses with gestational ages of 18–20 weeks were examined by light and electron microscopy with special regard to argyrophil reactions. B-cells and typical A and D-cells were easily identified electron microscopically on the basis of their typical secretory granules. In the Grimelius argyrophil silver stain, a concentration of silver grains over the less electron dense peripheral mantle of the A-cell secretory granules was observed by electron microscopy. In the Hellerström and Hellman modification of the argyrophil Davenport alcoholic silver stain, silver grains were concentrated over the internal structures of the D-cell secretory granules. With this stain an accumulation of silver grains was also seen at the surface of the A-cell secretory granules. The argyrophil reaction of the A-granules was less pronounced than in the D-cells. In addition to B-cells and A- and D-cells, two other types of endocrine cell were observed by electron microscopy. These cells were argyrophil with the silver impregnation method of Grimelius. The electron microscopic findings at least partly explain the frequent overlapping between the two staining methods observed at the light microscope level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219721
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  • 86
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    Electronic Resource
    Export of protein from the osteoclast as studied by electron microscopic autoradiography (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 168 (1976), S. 89-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Osteoclast ; Protein export ; Lysosome ; Electron microscopy ; Autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present electron microscopic autoradiographic study includes a quantitative analysis of osteoclasts in vitro using tritiated leucin as a protein tracer. A significant increase in the grain density over the ruffled border and the underlying resorption zone was demonstrated two hours post pulse whereas the grain density of the remaining cytoplasm was relatively constant. This indicates a transport of newly synthesized protein from the osteoclast to the extracellular resorption zone. Earlier histochemical and biochemical experiments suggest that the exported protein may represent lysosomal enzymes to be used in the extracellular bone degradation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219726
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  • 87
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    Electronic Resource
    Freeze-fracture study of the junctional complexes of human and rabbit thyroid follicles (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 168 (1976), S. 133-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Thyroid gland ; Follicle cell ; Junctional complex ; Freeze fracturing ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Zonulae occludentes, gap junctions and desmosomes have been demonstrated in replicas of freeze-fractured follicular cells of normal human and rabbit thyroid glands. The zonulae occludentes between the human follicular cells are composed of two to eight strands, which completely separate the intercellular space from the follicular lumen. Four to twelve or more strands are visible between the follicular cells of the rabbit thyroid gland. In the meshes of the zonulae occludentes as well as below them, gap junctions are present. They are numerous on the fracture faces of the human follicular cell membranes, but infrequent in those of the rabbit. Aggregates of particles related to desmosomes are found in the deeper meshes of the zonulae occludentes or close to them.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215872
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  • 88
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    Electronic Resource
    Morphology and location of dense-core vesicles in the stomatogastric ganglion of the lobster, Panulirus interruptus (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 175 (1976), S. 369-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Crustacea ; Synaptic vesicles ; Biogenic amines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The appearance and distribution of dense-core vesicles in the stomatogastric ganglion of the spiny lobster, Panulirus interruptus, were examined using transmission electron microscopy. Following five fixation techniques, three types of dense-core vesicles were identified on the basis of size and morphology. Type-I vesicles are found in a distinct neuronal fiber system that appears to be involved in chemical transmission within the ganglion. Type-II vesicles occur in nerve processes in the ganglion, in major nerve trunks and in the perineural sheath of the nerves and ganglion. Type-III vesicles are present in all neuronal somata of the ganglion. The distinct morphology and location of the three types of vesicles suggest that their functional roles differ. Furthermore, the histochemical, biochemical and physiological data available for the Stomatogastric ganglion indicate that Type-I vesicles may store dopamine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218716
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  • 89
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural localisation of proteoglycans in the odontoblast-predentin region of rat incisor (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 168 (1976), S. 277-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Proteoglycans ; Odontoblasts, predentin, dentin ; Calcification ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The localization of proteoglycans in the predentin of the rat incisor was investigated by ultrastructural histochemistry. Ruthenium red stained the cell coat of the odontoblasts as well as intracellular vesicles. There was also a staining of the extracellular matrix, but not of collagen fibers in the predentin. Treatment with the enzyme hyaluronidase prior to staining with ruthenium red abolished the staining of the vesicles and the extracellular matrix but not that of the cell coat. Bismuth nitrate and phosphotungstic acid gave similar staining of odontoblast vesicles and extracellular matrix. It is likely that the stained structures contain proteoglycans. The importance of these proteoglycans and their ultrastructural localization are discussed in relation to intracellular transport and the calcification process.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215306
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  • 90
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal changes in the fine structure of the accessory sex gland in the mole (Talpa europaea) (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 175 (1976), S. 403-416 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Mammals ; Mole ; Male genital system ; Accessory sex organs ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The mole has a single pair of accessory sex organs with features of both the prostate and the seminal vesicle, for which the term prostate gland is not appropriate. Seasonal changes occurring in this gland were related to four periods: a) the quiescence period, b) the maturation period, c) the active period and d) the involution period. During the quiescence period the cuboidal epithelial cells display a quasi-embryonic fine structure and are sparse in cytoplasmic organelles, but rich in glycogen and lipopigment. With the onset of sexual activity glycogen and lipopigment disappear and the rough endoplasmic reticulum as well as the Golgi apparatus begin to proliferate. The fully active gland is lined by a low epithelium with parallel stacks of rough endoplasmic reticulum, a large Golgi apparatus and several lysosomes and secretory granules. In the involution period the gland collapses and the epithelial cells are eliminated by hetero-and autophagic processes. During this period a great number of presumably endocrine cells were observed. The results were compared with findings in experimental studies and those on postnatal development of accessory sex glands in laboratory animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218718
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  • 91
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    Electronic Resource
    The ultrastructure of the cell types in the endocrine pancreas of the horse (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 167 (1976), S. 179-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Islets of Langerhans ; Horse pancreas ; Cell types ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Inselorgan der Bauchspeicheldrüse des Pferdes wurde an immersions- und perfusionsfixiertem Material untersucht. Dabei ließen sich nach der Immersions- wie Perfusionsfixation fünf Zelltypen unterscheiden: 1. A-Zellen, die im Zentrum der Insel liegen, 2. B-zellen, die hauptsächlich blasse Granula enthalten und den größten Teil der Inselperipherie ausmachen, 3. D-Zellen, die ebenfalls vorwiegend in der Inselperipherie liegen, 4. G-Zellen, die am Rand der Inseln und im exokrinen Pankreas anzutreffen sind, 5. S-Zellen (“small granule cells”), die relativ selten und nur in den Inseln zu finden sind. Über die Funktion und altersabhängigen Veränderungen dieser Zellen wird diskutiert. Die Bildung von hellen und dunklen Zellen halten wir für ein Artefakt, ebenso die Bildung von sog. Mischzellen, da diese Zelltypen nur nach Immersionsfixation auftreten.
    Notes: Summary The islets of Langerhans of the equine pancreas were examined with the electron microscope after immersion or perfusion fixation. Five cell types could be distinguished after fixation by either technique: 1. A-cells, situated at the center of the islets, 2. B-cells, containing mostly “pale granules” and constituting the principal cell type of the periphery of the islets, 3. D-cells, also located mainly at the periphery of the islets, 4. G-cells, found at the edge of the islets and in the exocrine pancreas, and 5. S-cells, (small granule cells), which are relatively few in number and occur only in the islets. The function and age-dependent modifications of these cells are discussed. The formation of light and dark cells and of “mixed cells” are regarded as artifact, since cells of this type occur only under the condition of immersion fixation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224326
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  • 92
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    Electronic Resource
    The postnatal development of myelinated nerve fibres in the visual cortex of the cat (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 167 (1976), S. 265-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Myelinated fibres ; Visual cortex ; Stereology ; Development ; Electron microscopy ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary With the aid of stereological procedures the development of myelinated nerve fibres (MF) was quantitatively investigated in electron micrographs of the visual cortex from animals of different ages: 36 days-old, the age at which fibres first appear, through adulthood. A short description of tissue treatment, methods and qualitative results is given. The following quantitative results are presented: 1. Myelinization begins at about the 36th day postpartum and is not completed by the 164th day. At this time a lack of about 20% MF can be observed. 2. The average diameter of MF decreases from 1.3 μm to 0.8 μm from day 36 to adulthood. 3. The first MF appear near the border of the album. 4. Beginning with the 55th day, small MF arise in layer I, showing two periods of growth. 5. The maximum MF density in the region of layer IV corresponds to the strip of Baillarger. Other aspects of visual cortex development are dealt with in the Discussion. The following conclusions can be drawn: a) The growing of inand output-MF is completed first. b) The development of the internal connecting systems in layers I and IV begins a little later and is completed by the 5th month. c) The MF in layers II and III appear after the 4th month. Kaes (1907) has also described a continuation of MF growth in man lasting into the twenties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224332
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  • 93
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    Electronic Resource
    The morphological categorization of developing synaptic junctions (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 167 (1976), S. 363-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Synapses ; Synaptogenesis ; Dense projections ; Cerebral cortex ; E-PTA ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The molecular layer of rat occipital cortex was studied at a number of ages throughout postnatal development in an attempt to formulate a quantitative morphogenetic scheme of synaptic development. As previous work had pointed to the potential usefulness of E-PTA stained material in synaptogenic studies, this technique was employed. Synaptic junctions were assigned to five categories, A-E, on the basis of variations in the organization of their presynaptic densities. Of these categories, Type A represented a mature junctional form with well-defined and discrete dense projections. Type E, by contrast, represented the immature end of the spectrum, its presynaptic apposition generally lacking recognizable densities. Types B-D represented intermediate forms. As development proceeded, the percentage of A type junctions increased from 0.3% at 7 days to 25% in the adult. Type E junctions showed the opposite trend falling from 42% at 7 days to 5% in the adult. On the basis of these results, and those relating to types B-D, possible morphogenetic schemes involving the five synaptic categories are put forward. These schemes incorporate and extend those previously suggested by other workers. By placing observations on a quantitative footing, the schemes proposed here lend themselves to use in experimental investigations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219148
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  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Arterio-venous anastomoses in rainbow trout gill filaments (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 167 (1976), S. 373-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Gills ; Salmo gairdneri ; Specialized endothelia ; Arteriovenous anastomoses ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The origin of arterio-venous anastomoses, connecting the efferent filament artery (EFA) with the central venous sinus (CVS) of gill filaments can be well discerned by scanning electron microscopy in the rainbow trout. Corresponding vessels between the afferent filament artery and the CVS could not be detected with the techniques applied. AVA-specific endothelial cells are characterized by their bulky shape and their microvillous surface. The general morphology of AVA's in Salmo gairdneri is very similar to that of AVA's in Tilapia mossambica (Vogel et al., 1974) but they are much longer in the trout. No filament whorls have been encountered in AVA endothelia of Salmo gairdneri.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219149
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the innervation of the endometrium (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 167 (1976), S. 527-536 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Endometrium ; Innervation ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The innervation of the endometrium of rabbit, rat, mink, mongoose and pig has been investigated electron microscopically. Large bundles of nerve fibers can be observed in the connective tissue spaces within the basal layer of the endometrium. Unmyelinated nerve fibers enter the lamina functionalis, terminal nerve fibers penetrate the basal lamina and make contact with the glandular and the cavum epithelial cells. The terminal axons contain abundant synaptic vesicles, dense core vesicles and mitochondria. To date, no specialized presynaptic or postsynaptic membranes have been found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215182
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fenestrated blood capillaries in rat cranio-spinal sensory ganglia (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 167 (1976), S. 563-567 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Trigeminal ganglion ; Dorsal root ganglia ; Continuous endothelium ; Fenestrated endothelium ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Several fenestrated capillaries were seen in the endoneurium of trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia from two young adult albino rats treated with tetraethylthiuram disulfide. The finding is regarded as normal, although the possibility exists that intoxication with tetraethylthiuram disulfide may have enhanced the intensity and/or rate of this cytologic specialization of some isolated endothelial cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215185
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigations on the turnover of adrenocortical mitochondria (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 168 (1976), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenal cortex ; Mitochondria ; ACTH ; Stereology ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of chronic administration of ACTH (up to 36 consecutive days) on the mitochondria of the zona reticularis of the rat adrenal cortex were investigated by stereologic techniques. It was found that ACTH induces two phases of hypertrophy of mitochondria alternating with two proliferative stages, which are associated with a significant decrease in the average volume of the organelles. It is suggested that, as in the zona fasciculata, ACTH controls the processes of growth and division of mitochondria in the zona reticularis. The mechanism underlying this action of ACTH as well as the differences between the responses to ACTH of the mitochondrial population of the two adrenal zones are discussed in the light of evidence indicating that mitochondria contain a complete genetic apparatus largely independent of nuclear control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219719
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural studies on the secretory process in the epithelioid cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 168 (1976), S. 45-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Juxtaglomerular apparatus ; Exocytosis ; Microtubules ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The epithelioid cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus have been studied with respect to the release mechanism of the secretory granules. Invaginations of the plasma membrane into the interior of the epithelioid cells are interpreted as stages before or after an exocytotic process. Granules are sometimes observed in close contact with the plasma membrane, and material with electron density similar to that of the granules can also be observed in the invaginations. These morphological features suggest that the granular material of the epithelioid cells is extruded into the texture of the basal lamina. Furthermore, a dense network of microtubules and microfilaments is described and the functional role of this system in exocytosis is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219722
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three muscle fibre types in the axial muscle of axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum Shaw) A quantitative lightand electron microscopic study (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 168 (1976), S. 65-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Muscle fibre types ; Axolotl (Ambystoma mexkanum) ; Morphometry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Morphometric analysis by light microscopy of p-phenylene-diamine stained semithin sections of axolotl tail muscle revealed differences in the cross-sectional area of the fibres and in the number of mitochondria and of lipid inclusions per fibre, and indicated the presence of three distinct types of fibres. The tripartition was found to be statistically highly significant. Representative fibres from each group established by light microscopic morphometry were subjected to an ultrastructural morphometric analysis. The volume content of mitochondria amounted to 9.8% of the fibre volume for red, 4.0% for intermediate and 0.8% for white fibres. The myofibrils composed 60%, 70% and 83% in the same fibres. The volume of the sarcotubular system (t-tubuli and sarcoplasmic reticulum) was 2.5% in red, 4.5% in intermediate and 11.7% in white fibres. The three fibre types also demonstrated differences in myofibrillar cross-striation pattern and number of triads. The reliability of the light microscopic morphometry was tested by correlation with EM montages of the representative fibres.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219724
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiple rough endoplasmic cisternae in “C” cells (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 170 (1976), S. 89-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: “C” cells ; Endoplasmic reticulum ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Multiple rough endoplasmic cisternae were found in “C” cells of the adult rat, at interphase. They are considered to be normal constituents of “C” cells. Their morphological relation to rough endoplasmic reticulum and their close proximity to mitochondria, Golgi dictyosomes and secretory granules suggest that they may have a role in the secretory activity of this endocrine cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220112
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