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  • 2020-2022
  • 1980-1984  (3,069)
  • 1920-1924
  • Physics  (2,657)
  • Gas chromatography  (412)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Steroid biochemistry of virilising adrenal tumours in childhood (1984)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 142 (1984), S. 165-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Adrenal gland neoplasms ; Urine steroids ; Gas chromatography ; Mass spectrometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Steroid excretion in urine of 12 infants with virilising adrenal tumours has been determined using gas chromatography. In six children, (Group A, five female, one male) aged 2.8–5.3 years, very high urinary excretions of 17 oxosteroids (〉40 μmol/24 h) were largely accounted for by dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA). In one of the girls, the pattern of steroids excreted in urine was similar to that of newborn infants, with high excretions of 16-oxygenated derivatives of DHA. The histology of this tumour suggested a neoplasia of fetal-type adrenocortical cells. Very large tumours were found in three of the infants, two of whom have died and one has multiple metastases. From the other three children, small, well-encapsulated adenomas were successfully removed. Six children (Group B), had moderately elevated 17-oxosteroid exrretions (8–17 μmol/ 24 h). In five of these cases (four female, one male) aged 0.8–5 years, 11β-hydroxyandrosterone was a consistently prominent urinary steroid. In one boy, aged 7.7 years, 17-oxosteroid excretion was 15 μmol/24 h and the major steroids in urine were metabolites of pregnenolone. These six children have survived with no clinical evidence of recurrent tumour. The in vivo functional activities of the tumours can be deduced from the different profiles of steroids in urine. These have revealed heterogeneous patterns of steroid biosynthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00442442
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stereoselectivity of enzymes involved in toxicity and detoxification of soman (1984)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 55 (1984), S. 70-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Soman ; Gas chromatography ; Mass spectrometry ; Cholinesterases ; Aliesterase ; Phosphorylphosphatase ; Toxicity ; Stereoselectivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The fate of the four stereoisomers of soman [0-(1,2,2-trimethylpropyl)-methyl-fluoro phosphonate] has been studied a) in vivo in mouse blood and liver after IP injection of 0.75 × LD50 Rc- and Sc-soman respectively, and b) in vitro upon incubation wih acetyl- und pseudocholinesterase, aliesterase and phosphorylphosphatase. The analytical method used is based on gas chromatography — mass spectrometry with deuterated internal standard. Most soman disappeared very rapidly from blood and liver. In liver, SCRP and RCRP, the two isomers that preferentially react with cholinesterase, could be detected. The level of SCRP, which was higher than that of RCRP, could be followed for 17–18 h. In blood only SCRP could be detected. The amounts found were fairly constant during the time period 2 min to 4h, and it could even be detected 17–18 h after soman administration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00316590
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The determination of environmental 2-ethoxyethanol by gas chromatography (1984)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 55 (1984), S. 272-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: 2-Ethoxyethanol ; Teratogen ; Adsorption ; Desorption ; Gas chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A gas Chromatographic procedure for the determination of 2-ethoxyethanol (C2H5OCH2CH2OH) was developed by using the general principles of analysis of solvent vapors. 2-Ethoxyethanol was sampled by adsorbing on activated carbon. It was desorbed with carbon disulfide plus 2-propanol (0.5%). The analytical column was packed with 10% free fatty acid phase on Chromosorb-P AW. The analysis was conducted at 130° C isothermal using a flame ionization detector. Addition of 2-propanol (0.5%) to carbon disulfide improved (P≤0.01) desorption of 2-ethoxyethanol adsorbed on activated carbon. The mean desorption efficiency of carbon disulfide plus 2-propanol (0.5%) was 87.9±2.86% (n=15). Based on a 101 air sample and detector sensitivity of 2×10−10AFS, the calculated limit of detection of 2-ethoxyethanol was 0.1 ppm. The precision (coefficient of variation) for this analytical procedure was 3.34% (n=12). In conclusion, 2-ethoxyethanol adsorbed on activated carbon can be desorbed with carbon disulfide plus 2-propanol (0.5%). Subsequently the desorbed 2-ethoxyethanol can be analyzed by gas chromatographic identification on 10% FFAP using a flame ionization detector.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00341025
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of free fractions of tricyclic antidepressants (1984)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 327 (1984), S. 260-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Amitriptyline ; Imipramine ; Clomipramine ; Demethylated metabolites ; Free fractions ; Serum ; Equilibrium dialysis ; Gas chromatography ; Binding parameters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The plasma protein binding of amitriptyline, imipramine, clomipramine, and their primary demethylated metabolites were studied by means of a method combining dialysis and gas chromatography. Equilibrium in dialysis of serum containing amitriptyline and its metabolite nortriptyline was attained in about 0.5 h with the drug dissolved in the serum compartment, and in about 2 h with the drug passing from the buffer to the serum compartment. The calculation of free fractions was influenced by variations with dialysis time in the volumes of serum and buffer. Increase of pH in serum increased the protein binding of the weakly basic drugs studied, and made the Donnan distribution effects more pronounced. At pH 7.4, the Donnan effect was negligible. Binding parameters for the 6 tricyclic antidepressant substances studied were estimated for the binding to α1-acid glycoprotein and for total binding in serum. For α1-acid glycoprotein, the k-values ranged from 1·105 to 8·105 M−1, and for pooled serum from 0.4·105 to 8·105 M−1. The determined number of binding sites on the α1-acid glycoprotein was, on average 0.87 for the 6 substances. In serum, the binding capacity was 2–14 times the concentration of α1-acid glycoprotein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00502459
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Esterification of C2−C16 dicarboxylic acids to n-butyl esters in aqueous solutions for their gas chromatographic analysis (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 637-641 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Esterification in aqueous solution ; n-Butyl esters of C2−C16 dicarboxylic acids ; Dicarboxylic acid analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary C2−C16 dicarboxylic acids were esterified in aqueous solution in the presence of sulfuric acid. Esterification in water/n-butanol mixtures with mole ratios between 0.02 and 2.53 can be utilized for the quantitative determination of the dicarboxylic acids by gas chromatography. The presence of water does not interfere at water/n-butanol mole ratios below 0.27. For mole ratios above 0.27 anhydrous sodium sulfate has been used for binding the water. The mole ratio range was 0.25–0.75 for anhydrous sodium sulfate/water, and 0.32–1.3 for sulfuric acid/anhydrous sodium sulfate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02261980
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solubilities and partial molar enthalpies of solution for polar gas-liquid systems determined by gas chromatography (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 663-667 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Gas solubilities ; Enthalpies of solution ; Polar solutions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The gas-liquid chromatographic method has been used to determine the solubilities and partial molar enthalpies of solution of the gases H2S, CO2 and COS in four polar solvents. The results agree well with literature values obtained using conventional techniques, with the one exception of H2S in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone. In this case there is some evidence for the occurrence of adsorption at the gas-liquid interface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02265810
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas chromatographic analysis of aromatic, carboxylic acids in the presence of C1−C5 fatty acids and C2−C7 dicarboxylic acids esterified in aqueous solutions as the n-butyl esters (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 673-676 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Esterification in aqueous solution ; n-Butyl esters of aromatic polycarboxylic acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The direct esterification and gas chromatographic analysis of aromatic carboxylic acids as n-butyl esters is described. Derivatization is performed in aqueous solution with n-butanol in the presence of sulfuric acid. The butyl esters of benzoic, phthalic, hemimellitic, trimellitic, trimesic and pyromellitic acids permit their gas chromatographic separation from each other and from fatty acids and alipatic dicarboxylic acids. At mole ratios of [H2O]/ [n-BuOH]≤0.04 the water present does not interfere with the esterification reaction. At mole ratios above 0.04 anhydrous sodium sulfate is used for binding the water, at mole ratios of [Na2SO4 anh.]/[H2O]=0.25–0.75.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02265812
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactions of some polar compounds with methylsilicone liquid phases in gas chromatography (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 202-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Polysiloxane stationary phases ; Heat of adsorption ; Heat of solution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The changes in the heat of solution of polar compounds and xylene isomers in methylsilicone fluid OV-101 deposited on Chromosorb W AW DMCS were studied. It was shown that the heat of solution increases with an increase of the percentage loading of the OV-101 up to 10%. Solution and adsorption thermodynamic characteristics of the studied system are briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02276733
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of interaction of olefin-bonded transition metal complexes by gas chromatography. Diphenylphosphine complexes with CoCl2 and CoBr2 (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 205-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Metal complexes ; Chemically bonded phase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Packings consisting of diphenylphosphine complexes with CoCl2 and CoBr2, chemically bonded to the silica surface, were synthesized and their retention parameters determined. The packings are capable of specifically interacting with electron-donating compounds by forming π-complexes. The interaction is considerably stronger in the case of CoBr2-containing packing than in the case of CoCl2-containing packing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02276734
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On-column injection in the stopped-flow mode with open-tubular columns (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 234-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Open-tubular columns ; On-column injection ; Stopped-flow operation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A simple, inexpensive, on-column injector of the septum moving-needle kind is described for quantitative analysis using open-tubular columsn. when operated in the stopped-flow mode an improvement incolumn efficiency is observed combined wit a diminished tendency to produce split-top peaks, particularly for late eluting peaks. Using electronic integration a relative error of about 2.7% was observed for peaks spanning a wide range of sample concentrations and volatilities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02270556
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Viscosity of gases used as the mobile phase in gas chromatography (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 243-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Carrier gas ; Viscosity ; Influence of temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The vicosity-temperature relationship of the three gases (helium, nitrogen and hydrogen) most frequenly used as the carrier gas in gas chromatography is studied. Based on available data, equaitions are derived to describe this relationship. Using these equations viscosity data are tabulated for the chromatographically important temperature range.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02270558
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas chromatographic determination of parabens in various pharmaceutical dosage forms (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 260-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Parabens and their dissolution ; Pharmaceutical dosage forms ; Derivatization ; Gas chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A specific, sensitive and general applicabla gas chromatographic method is described for the determination of parabens in various liquid pharmaceutical preparations: propylparaben and butylparaben in a liquid antacid dosage form (I); methylparaben, ethylparaben and propylparaben in a syrup (II); methylparaben and propylparaben in a solution for injection (III). Each time one of the parabens is used as internal standard. The parabens are extracted with diethylether and derivatized by silylation. Different columns are used for the analysis of the parabens: 3% SE-30 column, a 3% QF-1 column for different selectivity, a 2% OV-1 column for isothermal operation. Special attention is attributed to the standard: the parabens are dissolved in a minimal amount of 0.1 M sodium hydroxide and extracted in the same way as the pharmaceutical dosage form.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02270561
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resolution and assignment of the configuration of secondary aliphatic alcohols by gas chromatography on chiral phase (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 294-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Configuration ; Resolution ; Alcohols
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The study of the resolution of sixteen secondary aliphatic alcohols by gas chromatography on (+)-dodecyl (2R, 3R)-tartrate, trapping the ascending part of the peak from a conventional filled column, has allowed the determination in a single operation of the sign and order of emergence of enantiomers. A correlation between the configuration of these secondary alcohols and their order of emergence has been established.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02259080
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of carboxylic acids by gas chromatography. Derivatisation using chloroacetone (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 309-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Carboxylic acids ; Acetonyl derivatives
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The preparation of the acetonyl esters of nine aliphatic carboxylic acids is described, the general formula of the derivatives being RCOOCH2COCH3 where R=alkyl or H. The derivatives show good chromatographic properties on both packed and capillary columns. The electron impact and chemical ionisation mass spectra of the derivatives are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02259083
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A thermodynamic criterion for the identification of the functional group of aliphatic compounds by gas chromatography (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 449-455 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Thermodynamic relationships ; Retention index ; Peak identification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A thermodynamic criterion, ΔQ, is suggested which permits to estimate the difference in the functional group energy of interactions for two different stationary phases. The linear dependence of ΔQ on the homolog number m of any series Rm X can be used as the thermodynamic criterion for the identification of substances by GC analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02262976
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Performance of open tubular columns as a function of tube diameter and liquid phase film thickness (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 477-488 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Open tubular (capillary) columns ; Sample capacity ; Column comparison ; Film thickness ; Column diameter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Wall-coated, open-tubular (capillary) columns prepared from different diameter tubing, with different liquid phase film thickness, are compared with each other and with packed and support-coated open-tubular columns. The comparison is based on the variation of the phase ratio and the capacity factor, and includes column efficiency (HETP, theoretical plate number), resolution, retention time, and sample capacity. Problems associated with the evaluation of the sample capacity are outlined. The influence of temperature on column performance is discussed in detail. Finally, the possibilities of short, wide-bore open-tubular columns prepared with a thick liquid-phase film are demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02267232
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Open tubular columns: The influence of changing the liquid phase film thickness on column efficiency (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 367-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Open tubular (capillary) columns ; Variation of film thickness ; Thick-film columns ; Mass transfer terms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The factors characterizing the influence of the variation of the liquid phase film thickness on the mass transfer terms in the Golay equations describing the performance of open tubular columns are investigated and numerical values are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02262482
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The preparation of analytically stable, immobilized stationary phase coatings on colums packing materials (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 11-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Cross-linked Stationary phase ; Immobilized Stationary phase ; Packed columns ; Trapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A coating of silicone SE-54 on Chromosorb W has been converted to an analytically stable, immobilized stationary phase layer by cross-linking with an organic peroxide. Up to 10% by weight has been applied in this manner. Excellent high temperature qualities are exhibited, such as low bleeding and good base line stability, during typical analyses. Poly (2,6-dimethyl-p-phenylene oxide) has also been crosslinked as a surface coating on Chromosorb W with an organic peroxide. From 3 to 4% by weight has been immobilized in this way. The resultant packing material, following high temperature conditioning, has been examined for use as an adsorbent of trace substances, similar to the applications to which such adsorbents as Tenax GC have commonly been applied, e.g. trace analysis of air. It appears to exhibit satisfactory properties for this analytical purpose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02279455
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas-liquid chromatography of isopropylidene-glucose and glucose as their trimethylsilyl derivatives (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 21-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Isopropylidene-glucose ; Glucose ; GC of TMS-derivatives
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary This paper describes the gas chromatographic separation of the mixture of di- and mono-O-isopropylidene-D-glucose and D-glucose as their trimethylsilyl derivatives. The use of OV-101 as liquid phase provides a complete separation for the all components in the mixture. Quantative analysis was performed using xylitol as the internal standard for di- and mono-O-isopropylidene-D-glucose, and sorbitol as the internal standard for α-and β-glucose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02279458
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coupling of chromatography and NMR part 5: Analysis of high-boiling gas-chromatographic fractions by on-line nuclear magnetic resonance (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 31-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Nuclear magnetic resonance ; Terpenes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A procedure is described for recording1H NMR spectra of flowing gaseous GC fractions boiling as high as 200°C. The line width of the signals in the NMR spectra is smaller than 2.2Hz.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02279461
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromatographic determination of tetramethrin on woolen cloth and in aqueous treatment formulations (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 556-559 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Liquid chromatography ; Tetramethrin ; Residues
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A method is described for the analysis of tetramethrin aqueous formulation and residues of tetramethrin on woolen cloth. The samples were extracted with acetonitrile and partitioned with benzene. Interferences were removed by liquid column chromatography with acid alumina and eluted with 10% ethyl acetate-hexane. Analysis was by gas chromatography with a 10% UCW98 (methylsilicone) column. Detection was made with the flame ionization detector to avoid the repeated dilutions necessary with use of the electron capture detector.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02265694
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of electric interactions in the retention index concept; Implications in quantitative structure-retention studies (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 615-618 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Retention index ; Electric parameters ; Physico-chemical relationships ; Structure-retention study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A new equation is derived relating the retention index to the molecular polarizabilities, ionization potentials and permanent dipole moments of the stationary phase and the solute. Various implications of this equation to quantitative structure-retention relationships are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02261974
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Air-sampling of aldehydes—Application to chromatographic determination of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 137-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Aldehydes and ketones ; 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine-coated silica gel ; Gas chromatography ; Column liquid chromatography ; Pollution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary After a brief review of several methods described in the literature this paper discusses air-sampling on 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine-coated silica gel and identification requirements for aldehydes and ketones most commonly found in industrial pollution. Quantitative analysis of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde either by GC or by HPLC techniques is established using a dynamic system producing test atmospheres and compared with the usual colorimetric determinations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02258770
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High resolution gas chromatography: Simultaneous detection of narcotics, adulterants, and diluents in street samples (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 140-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Narcotics: street samples ; Narcotics, adulterants and diluents: simultaneous determination ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070308
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High resolution gas chromatography (HRGC) of the lipids extracted from blood serum (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 274-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column, glass ; Liquid-liquid and liquid-solid extraction ; Serum lipids ; Fatty acids ; Cholesterol and cholesteryl esters ; Triglycerides ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070509
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Picomole amounts of methyl chloride by reaction gas chromatography (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 280-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Reaction GC ; Iodination reactor ; Electron capture detection ; Trace analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070512
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  • 27
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    Device for injection of absorbent-trapped compounds on to a WCOT column (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 477-479 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Glass capillary column ; Adsorbent ; Cold trapping ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070806
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  • 28
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    Analysis of pesticide residues by high resolution gas chromatography. Part 1: Comparison between packed and capillary columns in pesticide residue determinations. Practical considerations for routine use of capillary gas chromatography (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 480-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Packed and capillary columns ; Fungicides and insecticides ; Adsorption ; Length of column ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070807
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  • 29
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    Advantages and limits of the quantitative determination of α-ferrocenyl carbinols with capillary GC (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 536-537 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column ; On-Column injection ; Vaporizing injection ; Decomposition ; α-Ferrocenyl carbinols ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070910
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  • 30
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    The Analysis of volatile compounds by purge and trap with whole column cryotrapping (WCC) on a fused silica capillary column (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 504-508 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fused silica capillary columns ; GC/MS/DS ; Cryotrapping and cryofocussing of organics ; Purgeable compound analysis ; Trace organic analysis ; Priority pollutants ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The purge and trap (P&T) method of analysis has been interfaced with fused silica capillary column gas chromatography. This interfacing has been accomplished without splitting the P&T trap desorption carrier gas. Thus, 100% of the purged compounds are transferred to the column. The analytes are cryofocussed on the column using whole column cryotrapping (WCC) at -80°C. The resulting P&T/WCC procedure is extremely well-suited to the analysis of trace purgeable aqueous organic compounds. Samples and standards containing a variety of aromatic standard compounds were analyzed. The standards included benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, C3-C4-benzenes, and naphthalene, as well as three P&T internal standard compounds. Chromatographic peak widths were uniformly less than 6 s at the base and excellent precision was obtained in the relative retention time data for all compounds. The chromatogram of a groundwater sample contaminated with aromatic gasoline compounds is also presented. Since P&T/WCC works well with fused silica capillary columns, the full sensitivity and chromatographic efficiency of capillary gas chromatography is made available to P&T analyses.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070902
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  • 31
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    Kovats retention indices of selected olefins on bonded phase fused silica capillaries (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 542-544 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fused silica (capillary) columns ; Bonded (cross-linked) phases ; Hydrocarbon analysis ; Olefinic hydrocarbons ; Retention index data ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070913
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  • 32
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    Solute focusing using the solvent effect  -  A mass spectrometric investigation of packed bed inlets (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 142-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Solute focussing ; Solvent effect ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070309
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  • 33
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    Deactivation of fused silica capillary columns with polymethylhydrosiloxanes (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 329-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fused silica capillary columns ; Deactivation ; Polymethylhydrosiloxanes ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070608
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  • 34
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    Multidetection of pesticides in capillary gas chromatography (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 338-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Pesticides ; Multidetection ; ECD-NPSD-SSD ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070613
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  • 35
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    Analysis of gases containing inorganic compounds and light hydrocarbons on fused-silica open-tubular columns prepared with a thick liquid phase filmEnlarged text of a paper presented at the 35th Pittsburgh Conference on Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Atlantic City, NJ, USA, March 5-9, 1984. (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 358-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Thick liquid phase films ; Natural and refinery gases ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Capillary columns having a thick liquid phase film and a low phase ratio permit the separation of low molecular mass compounds which would have a very small capacity factor on columns with a classical thin film. At the same time, the increased sample capacity allows conventional hot-wire thermal conductivity detectors to be used with such columns. The analysis of natural and refinery gases, containing both inorganic compounds and light (C1—C7) hydrocarbons, utilizing a combination of hot-wire and flame ionization detectors, is demonstrated.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070705
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  • 36
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    Optimization of capillary parameters for gas chromatography (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 382-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; HETP equation ; Optimum column parameters ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An HETP equation for the capillary column is developed that takes into account the dependence of gaseous diffusion on pressure, the compressibility of the mobile phase, together with the unique relationship between mobile phase velocity, and the resistance to mass transfer in the stationary phase. The equation is used to develop a procedure for column optimization and expressions are derived that allow the optimum column radius and optimum column length to be calculated for a given fixed inlet pressure. It is shown that fast, simple separations are optimally achieved using relatively short small diameter columns. Conversely, optimum performance for the separation of complex mixtures requiring higher efficiencies requires the use of long columns with relatively large diameters.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070708
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  • 37
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    On the potential of CGC in triglyceride analysis (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 431-432 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Triglycerides ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070716
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  • 38
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    Determination of nitrated-polyaromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs) in environmental samples by high resolution chromatographic techniques (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 389-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Low and high resolution liquid chromatography ; Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Alkali flame detection ; Chemical ionization mass spectrometry ; Nitro-PAHs ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An analytical procedure is described for the fractionation of organic compounds present in environmental samples and the determination of nitro polyaromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs). Both low and high resolution liquid chromatography are employed for the prefractionation of the soluble organic fraction (SOF) extracted from particulate matter or gaseous pollutants collected on adsorption traps. High resolution gas chromatography is used to analyze four fractions containing alkanes, PAHs, nitro-PAHs, and other polar PAHs. Nitrogen-containing species are separated by GC and detected specifically using an alkali flame (NPD) detector. Flame ionization (FID) detection, GC-MS of positive ions, and negative ion chemical ionization MS of the whole fraction is used for the identification and quantitation of the various components. The composition of SOF extracted from particulate matter emitted from diesel exhausts is elucidated and a large number of nitro-PAHs identified by the combination of the various techniques.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070709
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  • 39
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    Immobilization of stationary phase films by gamma radiation. Part 2 medium-polarity OV-1701-Vi phase (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 700-701 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Glass capillary columns ; Immobilization ; 60Co gamma radiation ; Medium-polarity phase ; OV-1701-Vi ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240071207
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  • 40
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    Analysis of volatile organic compounds in polymers by dynamic headspace and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 185-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Mass spectrometry ; Dynamic headspace ; Deans switching ; Cold trap ; Reinjection ; Polymers ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An experimental method for the analysis of volatile organic compounds in polymers is described. The technique involves dynamic headspace sampling, collection, and concentration of the volatiles in a cold trap, followed by capillary column gas chromatography/mass spectometry. Flow switching is carried out by the Deans switching technique. Four technical polymers used as pharmaceutical packaging materials have been analyzed in order to demonstrate the method.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070403
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  • 41
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    The use of coupled columns for the capillary gas chromatographic separation of water pollutants (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 215-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, fused silica ; Coupled columns ; Halogenated organic pollutants ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070410
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  • 42
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    Chromatographic mechanisms of coated porous polymers: Chromosorb 102 coated with squalane (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 222-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Interface ; Partition ; Adsorption ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070413
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  • 43
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    Activated carbon fiber as stationary phase in gas chromatography (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 282-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Gas analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070513
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  • 44
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    Large sample injection method (≥ 100 μL) for capillary GC using a commercial thermodesorption unit as injection device (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 306-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Thermodesorption ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A commercial thermodesorption and cold trap unit can be used as a large sample volume injection device in high resolution gas chromatography. Volumes of more than 100 μl can be injected. More than 97% of solvents, such as hexane, can be removed by a Tenax TA precolumn without any loss of compounds with volatilities comparable to naphthalene. Experimental conditions, recovery rates of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and the reproducibility of the method are described in detail. The method was successfully applied for the determination of PAH in air particulate matter extracts.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070604
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  • 45
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    Stability of dibenzothiophene oxides under gas chromatographic conditions (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 334-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fused-Silica columns ; Thermal stability ; Dibenzothiophene oxides ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070611
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  • 46
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    Overcoming background contamination in closed loop stripping analysis (CLSA) (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 340-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Sample preparation ; Closed loop stripping analysis ; Charcoal adsorbent filter ; Overcoming contamination ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070614
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  • 47
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    Direct gas chromatographic analysis of halogenated hydrocarbons at the part-per-trillion level (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 370-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Trace analysis ; On-column injection ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Large sample volume on-column injection (up to 250 μL) of n-pentane solutions of halogenated hydrocarbons has been employed for the direct measurement of both low-boiling and high-boiling compounds in what is essentially a single run. Two-bonded phase, fused-silica capillary columns are joined in series, through which the low-boiling compounds are first chromatographed and detected with an electron capture detector. High-boiling compounds are then trapped in a section joining the two columns, and subsequently chromatographed in the second column, using the same detector. This procedure permits analysis at the ppt level.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070706
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  • 48
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    Multidimensional capillary gas chromatography-enantiomeric separations of selected cuts using a chiral second column (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 404-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Multidimensional capillary columns ; Enantiomeric separations ; Intermediate trapping ; Mixed polarities ; Terpene alcohols ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070711
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  • 49
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    Analysis of pesticide residues by high resolution gas chromatography. Part 2: Determination of fungicide and insecticide residues in various crops (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 533-536 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Fungicides and insecticides ; Sensitivity limits ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070909
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  • 50
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    Determination by MS-MS of 1,1-dichlorodimethyl sulfone from pulp mill bleach plant effluents in aquatic organisms (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 68-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: MS-MS ; Gas chromatography ; Capillary GC-ECD, GC-MS, GC-MS-MS ; Bleaching ; Chlorine compounds ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Gas chromatography (GC) with electron capture detection (ECD), GC combined with mass spectrometry (MS), GC with multi-stage mass spectometry (MS-MS), and direct inlet MS-MS have been used to determine 1,1-dichlorodimethyl sulfone (DDS) in aquatic organisms in the receiving waters outside a pulp mill bleach plant. Both GC-MS-MC and direct inlet MS-MS of tissue extracts of fish and mussel appear to be sensitive, selective, and rapid analytical techniques for the determination of DDS.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070204
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    Selective determination of substituted PAH in aerosols using liquid CO2-extraction, HPLC prefractionation on chemically activated silica, and HRGC combined with negative ion mass spectrometryPresented in part at the 5th International Symposium on Capillary Gas Chromatography, Riva del Garda, Italy, 1983 and the VIIth International Symposium on Column Liquid Chromatography, Baden-Baden, 1983. (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 74-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column ; HPLC prefractionation ; MS ; ECD ; Substituted PAHs ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method is described which allows the determination of different substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) such as NO2-PAH, carbazoles, keto-PAH, and aza-arenes in aerosol samples. Liquid CO2-extraction is used to minimize the loss of reactive compounds. High performance liquid chromatography on chemically activated silica is employed to prefractionate the samples into subfractions with a minimum of overlap between different PAH compound classes. Both electron capture detection and negative ion chemical ionization combined with capillary gas chromatography are used for identification and quantification. The latter method also allows distinction between isomers with different toxic properties when N2O/CH4 reaction gas mixtures are used. Selectivity for tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins as against pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls can be improved by this technique. The applicability of the method is critically discussed and different examples are given.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070205
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  • 52
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    Autocrosslinkable methyl-2-phenylethylpolysiloxane stationary phase for capillary column gas chromatography (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 89-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column ; Stationary phase ; Polysiloxane ; Autocrosslinkable ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Methyl-2-phenylethylpolysiloxane polymers have been synthesized for comparison with methylphenylpolysiloxane stationary phases for gas chromatography. The 50% 2-phenylethyl polysiloxane was found to be autocrosslinkable at 260°C without addition of free redical initiator. Although the selectivity of this phase appears to be similar to the 50% phenyl polysiloxane, its thermal stability is not as high.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070207
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    Solute focusing, using the solvent effect in capillary GLC: The solvent effect in the presence of stationary phase (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 92-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column ; Solute focusing ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070208
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  • 54
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    Separation and analysis of 3-nitrobenzo[e]pyrene and 1-, 3-, and 6-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene via fused silica GC combined with negative ionization atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 41-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Mass spectrometry ; Capillary GC ; Fused silica GC ; 6-Nitrobenzo[a]pyrene ; 3-Nitrobenzo[a]pyrene ; 1-Nitrobenzo[a]pyrene ; 3-Nitrobenzo[e]pyrene ; Nitro-PAHs ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070108
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    GC/MS analysis of chlorinated paraffins with negative ion chemical ionization (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 33-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chlorinated paraffins ; Gas chromatography ; Mass spectrometry ; Negative ion ; Chemical ionization ; Capillary column ; On-column injection ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Although chlorinated paraffins (CP) are produced in large amounts (300 000 tonnes per year), little is known about their occurrence in the environment due to the lack of specific and sensitive analytical methods. The present paper describes the GC/MS analysis of different CP's using capillary gas chromatography with on-column injection and negative ion chemical ionization (NCI) mass spectrometry. Chromatographic resolution of groups of isomers and homologues was obtained. The chromatograms and mass spectra are discussed. The suitability of this method for trace analysis of a CP sample using multiple ion detection (MID) is described.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070106
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    Simple carrier gas flow controller unit for capillary GC with On-column injection (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 48-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Carrier gas flow controller unit ; On-column injection ; Sample, loading onto column ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070112
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    Isolation, concentration, and gas chromatographic determination of C4—C12 fatty acids in water and sludge (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 540-541 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary ; SDE enrichment ; Fatty acids ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070912
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  • 58
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    Selective and non-selective sampling from precolumn separations - with emphasis on the sampling of aqueous solutionsPaper based on a poster presented at the Fifth International Symposium on Capillary Chromatography, Riva del Garda, Italy, April 26-28, 1983. (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 4-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Immobilized capillary columns ; Aqueous solutions ; On-column injection ; Split injection ; Multidimensional separations ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Various methods of gas chromatographic analysis at high resolution and low detection limits in aqueous solutions are described with regard to sampling techniques, column technology, and the application of coupled pre-columns, also including multidimensional methods. Immobilized polyethylene glycol (Carbowax 20 M) columns have also been produced and used successfully.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070102
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  • 59
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    Polarizable biphenyl polysiloxane stationary phase for capillary column gas chromatography (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 13-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Biphenyl polysiloxane ; Stationary phase ; Polarizable phase ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A crosslinkable biphenylmethylpolysiloxane stationary phase was synthesized for capillary column gas chromatography and compared with methyl, phenyl, and cyanopropyl polysiloxane stationary phases for the separation of isomeric polycyclic aromatic compounds. While the new phase gave similar separations of nonpolar isomers when compared to the nonpolar phases, separations of polar isomers were greatly improved because of the induced polarity of the biphenyl group of the stationary phase by the solute molecules. This polarizable stationary phase offers a unique selectivity which is not available in other stationary phases.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070103
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  • 60
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    Determination of biogenic quaternary ammonium compounds on fused silica capillary columns with a splitless injector as a chemical reactor/pyrolysis chamber (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 19-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, fused silica ; Splitless injection ; Flash derivatization ; Quaternary ammonium compounds ; Acetylcholine ; Biogenic amines ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A conventional splitless injector is used as a pyrolysis chamber or chemical reactor for the N-demethylation of acetylcholine and other choline esters. The novel uses of 2-aminoethanol as a N-demethylation reagent in splitless injection and bonded-phase fused silica capillary columns in the separation of the tertiary amine derivatives of choline esters are described. A comparison is made between non-polar and moderately polar fused silica capillary columns in the separation of choline esters.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070104
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    Organic micropollutants in the sewage from a phenoxyalkanoic acid production plant after biological treatment in a municipal trickling filters plant (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 25-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; CGC-ECD, CGC-MS ; Chlorophenols ; Chlorophenoxyalkanoic acids ; Neutral chlorinated compounds ; Biological sewage treatment plant ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The environmentally hazardous organic substances in the waste water from the manufacture of chlorophenoxyalkanoic acids have been identified and semiquantified before and after passing through a biological treatment plant for municipal sewage, the secondary effluent of which is discharged into a marine ecosystem. The organics belong to three groups: (i) chlorophenols; (ii) chlorophenoxyalkanoic acids; and (iii) chlorinated neutrals. The removal of chlorophenols and phenoxyalkanoic acids was shown to be good, with a 90% overall reduction of chlorinated substances in the sewage passing through the treatment plant. The lowest reduction occurred for the polychlorinated compounds. Two chlorobenzofurans among the chlorinated neutrals were preliminarily identified.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070105
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    Improved capillary GC/MS interface (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 137-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Deactivated fused silica tubing ; Zero dead volume union ; Capillary column GC/MS interface ; Test mixture for non-polar columns ; Test mixture of phenols ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070307
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    Determination of cyclopentolate by capillary column gas-liquid chromatography (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 144-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column ; Cyclopentolate ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070310
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  • 64
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    Trace analysis by simultaneous on-column injection/enrichment of massive sample volumes (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 148-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; On-column injection/enrichment ; Milliliter sample volumes ; Trace analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070312
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    Prediction of gas chromatographic retention indices of linear, branched, and cyclic alkanes from their physicochemical properties (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 191-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Saturated hydrocarbons ; Retention indices ; Molar refraction ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Kováts retention indices for a series of linear, branched, and cyclic alkanes on squalane at any temperature, and on other stationary phases of different polarity at a given temperature, are related to physicochemical properties of the solutes, such as boiling point and molar refraction, by multiple regression analysis. The equations found permit calculation of the Kováts retention index for all alkanes, with standard deviations close to experimental error. The same equations can also be used for calculating the physicochemical parameters they contain.
    Additional Material: 8 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070404
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    An experimental study of cooling during evaporation of liquid films (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 209-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Solvent effect ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070407
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    The dynamic film concentrator - A new approach to large and dilute samples in GLC (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 212-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Trace analysis ; Solvent effect in GC ; Parts per trillion ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070409
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  • 68
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    Peak purity in analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by programmed-temperature capillary gas chromatography (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 270-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column ; Temperature-programmed analysis ; Retention indices ; Polychclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070508
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    Amino acid enantiomer separation for the detection of adulteration in fruit juices (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 284-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Fruit juices ; Amino acids ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070514
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    On the stability of polarity mixtures used in CGC (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 332-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Polarity mixtures ; Reaction products ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070609
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    Increased speed of steroid analysis by capillary GC and GC-MS; effects of sample pretreatment and sample introdution (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 414-422 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Steroid analysis ; Sample pretreatment ; Sample introduction ; Separation speed ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Quantitative analysis of steroids and their metabolites in urine samples calls for increased speed of sample clean-up, of the derivatization procedure, and of separation. A fast procedure for sample pretreatment, which can be performed within 8 hours, is introduced and evaluated. It is shown that use of fast pretreatment in combination with narrow bore columns, which are compatible with existing instrumentation, can considerably increase, laboratory throughput. The effect of different sample introduction techniques (e.g. splitless, on-column, and moving needle) on column efficiency and resolution is demonstrated and discussed.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070713
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    The analysis of C1—C4 alcohols, MTBE, and DIPE in motor gasolines by multi-dimensional capillary column gas chromatography (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 487-489 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column ; Multi-dimensional technique ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070809
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    Filter extraction in closed loop stripping analysis (CLSA) (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 492-494 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Closed loop stripping analysis ; Filter extraction ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070811
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    Fire-resistant polyimides and copolyimides based on 1-[(dialkoxyphosphinyl)methyl]-2,4- and -2,6-diaminobenzenes (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 1065-1076 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Various phosphorus-containing polyimides were prepared by the reaction of 1-[(dialkoxyphosphinyl)methyl]-2,4- and -2,6-diaminobenzenes (1) with a tetracarboxylic dianhydride like pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA). In addition, copolyimides that contained approximately 3% phosphorus were prepared by the reaction of 1 and m-phenylenediamine (MPD) with the aforementioned tetracarboxylic dianhydrides. Elemental analysis, inherent viscosity, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) studies were performed to characterize the polymers. Their thermal properties were compared with those of the corresponding common polyimides. It was shown that the molecular weight and thermal stability of the polymers were reduced as the concentration of the phosphorus moieties increased. The fire-resistance of the copolyimides was evaluated by determining their limiting oxygen index (LOI) value. Copolyimides that contained about 3% phosphorus showed an LOI value approximately 30% higher, than the value of the corresponding common polyimides. In addition, a model diamic acid and diimide was synthesized by the reaction of 1-[di(2-chloroethoxyphosphinyl)methyl]-2,4- and - 2,6-diaminobenzene (DCEPD) with phthalic anhydride and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, proton nuclear magnetic (1H-NMR) spectroscopy, DSC, and TGA. The pyrolysis behavior of the model compounds was investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A direct cleavage of the P—C bond and a possible rearrangement to diisocyanates occurred during their pyrolysis.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220507
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    Plasma polymerization of trifluoromethyl substituted aromatic compounds (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 1123-1130 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Thin film coatings were prepared by polymerizing trifluoromethyl-substituted aromatic compounds in a glow discharge with low power levels and medium pressures. Smooth, continuous films which are adherent and insoluble in conventional solvents were produced. A significant amount of the fluorine content from the monomer was retained in the polymer. The trifluoromethyl group was not removed by the plasma conditions and appeared in the film as trifluoromethyl and difluoromethylene groups. The films were slightly less wettable than those of the unfluorinated films.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220512
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    Synthesis and conformation of asymmetric rigid polyamides (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 1153-1177 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Asymmetric polyamides from the reaction of either optically active trans-1,2-cyclopropanedicarboxylic acid (C3) or trans-1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid (C6) with 2,7-diazaspiro[4,4]nonane(DSN) were synthesized. The possible conformations of these polymers and their model compounds in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE), water, methanesulfonic acid (MSA), and sulfuric acid were examined by circular dichroism (CD), NMR, viscosity, and dipole moment measurements. The racemic polyamides (±)C3·(±)DSN and (±)C6·(±)DSN exist in extended forms. No intrinsic viscosity changes were observed for these two polymers in TFE and MSA. Certain viscosity and spectral changes have been observed for the optically active polyamides, although no specific ordered conformations can be assigned. The optically active diacid units incorporated into the polymer give a conformation unique from the totally extended chain. CD studies seem to evidence some conformational differences among the polyamide derived from (+)C6 diacid and the optically active DSN. By changing the solvent from TFE to MSA a blue shift of the trough was observed for (+)C6·(±)DSN, a red shift for (+)C6·(-)DSN, and an inversion of the CD spectrum for (+)C6·(+)DSN polyamides. The results of the work with (+)C6·(-)DSN in dilute acid solution suggest that the rotation around the C-N bond is a relatively low-energy process. The spectral and intrinsic viscosity data are consistent with this suggestion. No drastic spectral changes have been observed for the C3·DSN polyamides by changing the solvent from TFE to MSA. The amide group in the C3·DSN polyamide and the corresponding model compound prefer a similar conformation with the carbonyl group bisecting the cyclopropane ring. The C3·DSN polyamide seems to exist in an extended form.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220515
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    Cationic grafting from carbon black. II. Polymerization of styrene initiated by CO+ClO-4 group on the surface of carbon black (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 1515-1524 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The cationic grafting of polystyrene initiated by carbon black containing the CO+ClO-4 group was investigated. The introduction of CO+ClO-4 groups onto a carbon black surface was achieved by the reaction of AgClO4 with carbon black that contained a COCI group. The latter was introduced by the reaction of carboxyl groups with SOCl2. It was found that polystyrene chains could be grown from CO+ClO-4 groups on the surface of carbon black. Moreover, polystyrene was effectively grafted from carbon black: the grafting ratio at 20°C increased to 58% as conversion increased. Furthermore, the grafting ratio and molecular weight of ungrafted polystyrene decreased with an increase in polymerization temperature. These results were explained by the fact that the increasing temperature of the polymerization caused an increase in the rate of chain transfer reaction of the growing polymer chain to the monomer. The carbon black obtained from the reaction produced a stable colloidal dispersion in a good solvent for polystyrene.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220630
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    Polymerization of alkyl allyl oxalates in the evolution of carbon dioxide at elevated temperatures (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 1541-1550 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Radical polymerization of several alkyl allyl oxalates, including methyl allyl oxalate (MAO), ethyl allyl oxalate, propyl allyl oxalate, butyl allyl oxalate, and octyl allyl oxalate, was conducted in the evolution of carbon dioxide at elevated temperatures, and was compared with the anomalous polymerization behavior of diallyl oxalate (DAO) discussed in our earlier articleA. Matsumoto, I. Tamura, M. Yamawaki, and M. Oiwa, J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Chem. Ed., 17, 1419 (1979).. The kinetic equations for the polymerization of alkyl allyl oxalate were derived following the kinetic treatment of the DAO polymerization by further consideration of the absence of cyclization of the growing polymer radical and the effective reinitiation by alkyl radical, and were then satisfactorily applied to the polymerization of MAO, as a representative alkyl allyl oxalate. The evolution of carbon dioxide in the polymerization of alkyl allyl oxalates was enhanced with the increase of bulkiness of the alkyl substituent, as a result of steric suppression of the propagation of the growing polymer radical.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220702
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    Plasma polymerization. XI. A comparison of the plasma polymerization of the isomeric perfluorinated diazines (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 17-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Plasma polymers synthesized by inductively coupled RF techniques have been investigated as a function of operating parameters for the isomeric perfluorinated diazines (pyrazine, pyrimidine, and pyridazine). A combination of ESCA and microanalytical studies shows that plasma polymers are produced by rearrangement mechanisms: the C/F and C/N stoichiometric ratios are similar to those of the starting monomers over a range of operating parameters. A comparison of rates of formation of plasma polymer films reveals distinctive differences between the isomeric diazines that suggest that equilibration of valence isomers occurs on a substantially slower time scale than for isomeric fluorinated benzenes5-9 which, in general, polymerize at essentially the same rates. In contrast to the remarkably low critical surface tension of plasma polymers based on perfluorobenzenes (ca. 20 dynes cm-2), the plasma polymer films from the perfluorinated diazines which are initially hydrophobic become hydrophilic in contact with water droplets. This is attributed to the hydrolytic instability of films associated with the labilizing influence of nitrogen on nucleophilic displacement of fluoride which is a feature of the chemistry of monomers.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220102
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    Water-soluble copolymers. VII. Cerium (IV) induced graft copolymerization of acrylamide and sodium-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate onto dextran (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 49-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Studies were conducted on grafting of acrylamide (AM) and sodium-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate (NaAMPS) comonomers onto dextran utilizing Ce(IV) induced initiation. The effects of reaction temperature, the Ce(IV)/dextran ratio, and the AM/NaAMPS ratio on grafting yield were investigated. The graft copolymerization behavior can be explained by exchange of the AMPS anion with one of the ligands on the Ce(IV) initiator. Oxidative modification of the dextran substrate improved the yield of graft copolymer. The dextran-g-poly(acrylamido-co-sodium-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate) samples prepared by this method were characterized as to copolymer composition and molecular weight utilizing elemental analysis, dilute solution viscometry, and aqueous size exclusion chromatography. Relationships of molecular weight and charge density to kinematic viscosity and salt sensitivity are discussed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220105
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  • 81
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    Photoinitiation of cationic polymerization. III. Photosensitization of diphenyliodonium and triphenylsulfonium saltsFor Part II, see ref. 1. (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 77-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photoinitiated cationic polymerization by photosensitization of diphenyliodonium and triphenylsulfonium salts is shown to proceed by two distinct electron transfer process: (1) direct electron transfer from excited-state photosensitizers and (2) indirect electron transfer from photogenerated radicals. The efficiency of the former process is attributed to the instability of the reduction products (from diphenyliodonium and triphenylsulfonium salts), which dissociate in competition with undergoing energy-wastage reverse electron transfer. Amplification of photons in the production of protons (or other reactive cations) is postulated to account for the high quantum yields observed in the latter process. Potential advantages of utilizing the indirect redox process in the design of UV curable hybrid systems, which contain functionality for both radical and cationic polymerization, are noted. The results also provide evidence against the importance of triplet states of the onium salts in photoinitiator activity.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220108
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  • 82
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    Attempted polymerization of substituted pipecolic acid NCA's: Dimerization and mechanism (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 107-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Racemic and optically active N-carboxyanhydrides (NCA)s of 2-methyl- and cis-6-methylpipecolic acid, when subjected to polymerization conditions in solution or in bulk whether with “weak” or “strong” base initiators, resisted polymerization under all conditions tried. Instead, the NCA of 2-methylpipecolic acid gave the corresponding cyclic dipeptide and the NCA of cis-6-methylpipecolic acid formed the cyclic dipeptide derived from trans-6-methylpipecolic acid. The mechanism of dimerization of these NCA's was investigated. Evidence was provided for the proposed mechanism in which the active moiety is not a carbamate ion but an amino group. Methyl 2-methylpipecolate underwent an intermolecular SN2-type reaction upon heating, yielding equimolar quantities of methyl N-methyl-2-methylpipecolate and 2-methylpipecolic acid.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220111
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  • 83
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    The effect of organic nitriles on the radiation induced polymerization of styrene (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 135-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effect of a range of 10 organic nitriles on the radiation-induced polymerization of styrene was studied. A dose rate of 4.4 rad s-1 was used. A rate of polymerization of styrene (1.744 mol L-1 of toluene solution) of 5.0 × 10-7 mol L-1 s-1 was found. With organic nitriles present (styrene:nitrile ratio of 1:0.28) the rate of polymerization increased. Rates in the range of 5.5 × 10-7 -5.2 × 10-6 mol L-1 s-1, depending on the nitrile present, were obtained. The polymers were partially characterized and evidence of involvement of each of the nitriles in the polymer chains was revealed. The increase in rate of polymerization has been attributed to the part played by nitrile radicals in the initiation of styrene polymerization. Radical yield values [as G(nitrile radical)] were derived from the relevant rate expressions. Values ranged from 2.7 to 49.5, depending on the particular nitrile. Corresponding values of G(nitrile radical) in the range of 5.1-129.4 were obtained by the manipulation of number-average molar mass data. Values of kpkt of approximately 2 × 10-5 L mol-1 s-1 were found. Trommsdorff types of effect are absent from these systems.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220114
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  • 84
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    Radiolysis of resist polymers. IV. Poly(p-substituted-α-methylstyrene)s (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 213-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effect of parasubstituents on the radiation chemistry of poly(α-methylstyrene) (PMS) was compared for the fluoro (PFMS), chloro (PCMS), bromo (PBMS), isopropyl (PiPMS), and methoxy (PMeOM) derivatives. Radiolysis yields, ESR spectra, and GC—MS analysis of products were obtained. PMS and PFMS have similar low radiolysis yields, products, and product distributions. Only main-chain radicals which persist to 200° were observed. PCMS has increased values of Gs, Gx, and Gr. The product analysis results suggest that the presence of chlorine contributes to the primary process by dissociative electron capture and enhances the cleavage of α-methyl group. Irradiation of PBMS caused crosslinking and yielded few volatile products. PMeOMS and PiPMS gel readily by γ-irradiation and may be useful as negative radiation resists.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220120
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  • 85
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    Organosilane polymers: Formable copolymers that contain methyl(β-phenethyl)silylene or cyclohexyl(methyl)silylene units (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 225-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: High molecular weight polysilane copolymers which contain the units in the title were prepared in high yield by sodium coupling the corresponding organodichlorosilanes in toluene. These copolymers are highly soluble in common solvents and can be drawn into fibers or formed into films by molding or casting. They are also photoactive.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220121
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  • 86
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    The effect of N-substituents of hindered amine on photo-oxidation of polypropylene (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 277-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220126
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  • 87
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    A Mössbauer study of polymers prepared from polyvinylpyridine and ferric chloride or ferric nitrate (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 303-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Iron-ion-containing polymers were prepared by reacting atactic polyvinylpyridine with ferric chloride or ferric nitrate in methanol solution. Molar ratios of Fe3+ to 4-vinylpyridine (Fe:PVP) were 1:2, 1:6, and 1:20. Three kinds of iron center were characterized from 57Fe Mössbauer spectra recorded over a temperature range of 4.2-290 K. Infrared (IR) spectra of the samples were measured also. All samples contained amorphous hydrated ferric-oxide particles that exhibited superparamagnetic behavior at low temperatures. The size of the clusters (102-103 iron atoms per particle) was estimated from the average blocking temperatures TBav, which is sensitive to the Fe:PVP ratio. For FeCl3:PVP preparations with Fe:PVP of 1:2, 1:6, and 1:20 TBav was 37, 10, and 〈4 K, respectively. A small proportion (〈10%) of high-spin ferrous iron centers was found in most samples. A third type of signal attributable to oxygen-bridged ferric dimers was found in FeCl3-PVP preparations with Fe:PVP of 1:2 or 1:6 but not in Fe(No3)3-PVP samples. This species is probably [Cl3Fe—O—FeCl3]2-. Interactions between the polymer and the various iron centers were weak.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220203
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  • 88
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    Synthesis and characterization of poly(ethylene glycol) derivatives (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 341-352 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Five general routes for the preparation of polyoxyethylene [generally referred to as poly(ethylene glycol) or PEG] derivatives are described. These routes are (1) nucleophilic displacements with the alkoxide of PEG, (2) nucleophilic displacement on PEG-tosylate, -mesylate, or -bromide, (3) reductive amination of PEG-aldehyde, (4) reductive amination of PEG-amine, and (5) nucleophilic displacements on the s-triazine derivatives prepared from s-triazine trichloride (cyanuric chloride) and PEG. Eighteen derivatives are prepared and potential applications to catalysis, cell purifications, and other areas are discussed briefly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220207
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  • 89
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    Solid-state polymerization of butadienes. Polymerization of salts of 6-amino-2,4-trans,trans-hexadienoic acid (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 391-406 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The polymerization of 6-amino-2,4-trans,trans-hexadienoic acid and various of its salts was studied in the solid state. Crystals of the hydrochloride and organic inorganic double halides with cadmium chloride, manganese (II) chloride, and iron(II) chloride were found to polymerize rapidly upon UV or γ irradiation. An erythro-diisotactic polymer is obtained in the form of extended chain crystals. The polymer behaves as an amphoteric polyelectrolyte. The kinetics and the mechanism of the polymerization as well as morphological changes during the solid state reaction are discussed.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220211
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  • 90
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    ESCA and contact-angle studies of the surface modification of poly(ethylene terephthalate) film: Photooxidation and aging (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 419-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ESCA and contact-angle (H2O and CH2I2) measurements are used to follow changes in the surface of poly(ethylene terephthalate) film photooxidized (254 nm radiation in O2) for varying times, followed by aging for as many as three weeks or washing with water. Photooxidation occurs uniformly throughout the outermost 50 Å of the film to give a surface stoichiometry that corresponds to C10O6.6. Oxidation produces mainly carboxyl (acid) and alcohol/phenol groups, carbonyls form after extensive treatment. Low molecular weight products formed by chain scission and oxidation are removed by washing and diffuse into the bulk when aged. Oxidized products in higher molecular weight chains are not removed by washing, but can diffuse into the polymer bulk or reorient because of their chain mobility; therefore they are directed toward the polymer bulk rather than the surface. Extended photooxidation produces a stable oxidized surface more resistant to aging changes. The results are compared with those obtained for poly(ethylene terephthalate) film oxidized in an electrical discharge.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220213
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  • 91
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    Radical polymerization behavior of N,N-disubstituted acrylamide: Absolute rate constants for polymerization and copolymerization of N-acryloylpiperidine (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 463-473 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The absolute rate constants of propagation (kp) and of termination (kt) of N-acryloylpiperidine (NAPi) were determined by the rotating sector method in bulk; kp = 273 and kt = 1.79 × 107 L/mol s at 30°C. It was noted that kp for NAPi was 100 times smaller than that for N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMAcAm). The absolute rate constants of cross-propagations for copolymerizations with common monomers were evaluated by combination of the kp value and the monomer reactivity ratios. Quantitative comparison of the rate constants with those of DMAcAm and poly(DMAcAm) radical shows that NAPi is as reactive as DMAcAm and the smaller kp value for NAPi is ascribable to much the lower reactivity of the poly(NAPi) radical. The large difference in reactivity of the polymer radicals is discussed in relation to the steric factor of the piperadino and the dimethylamino groups which seems to affect the capability of the carboxamide group to stabilize the polymer radical.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220217
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  • 92
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    Preirradiation grafting of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone onto poly(tetrafluoroethylene) and poly(tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene) films (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 493-502 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Preirradiation grafting of N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) onto poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) and poly(tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene) (FEP) films was investigated. The influence of grafting parameters such as preirradiation dose, monomer concentration, and grafting temperature on the rate and grafting yield was studied. Different solvents were used for diluting the monomer and it was found that the aqueous monomer solution at a concentration of 80 wt% was suitable for this grafting system. However, the graft polymerization of NVP in benzene terminated within a short time without significant grafting yield. The dependence of the grafting rate on preirradiation dose and monomer concentration was 1.2 and 1.07 order, respectively, for grafting onto PTFE films and 1.1 and 1.2 order, respectively, for grafting onto FEP films. Arrhenius plots for grafting onto PTFE films showed a breaking point at ca. 35°C and the overall activation energies were calculated as 23.6 and 9.0 Kcal/mol below and above 35°C, respectively. For grafting onto FEP films, however, no break was observed in the Arrhenius plots; the overall activation energy was 11.9 Kcal/mol. The swelling behavior and electric resistance of the grafted materials were investigated.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220219
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  • 93
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    Linear polythioesters. VII.For VI of this series, see ref. 5. Products of interfacial polycondensation of 1,4-di(mercaptomethyl)-2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzene with some aliphatic acid dichlorides (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 1025-1033 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Several polythioesters by interfacial polycondensation of 1,4-di(mercaptomethyl)-2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzene with oxalyl, succinyl, adipoyl, suberoyl, and sebacoyl chlorides were obtained. To determine the optimal conditions for interfacial polycondensation, the influence of the following factors on yield and value of reduced viscosity were studied: type of organic phase, concentration of hydrogen chloride acceptor, the quantitative ratio of aqueous to organic phase, molar ratio of reagents; temperature of reaction, rate of acid chloride addition, and contribution of catalyst. Thorough studies were carried out only for polycondensation of the dithiol with adipoyl and sebacoyl chlorides. The structure of all polythioesters obtained under the model conditions was determined by elementary analysis and infrared spectra. Initial decomposition temperature, mass loss in percentage at the same temperature, maximum rate of decomposition, and mass loss percentage at 100-400°C were defined by thermogravimetric analyses. Chemical resistance of the polythioesters was determined by treatment with some organic solvents, mineral acids (concentrated and 10%), and sodium hydroxide (10 and 50%). Some mechanical and electrical properties of the polythioesters obtained from dithiol and adipoyl and sebacoyl chlorides were determined. The molecular weight was not measured because of the low solubility of the polythioesters.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220503
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  • 94
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    Anionic polymerization of norbornene trisulfide (exo-3,4,5-trithia-tricyclo[5.2.1.02.6]decane)Presented in part at the Fifth International Microsymposium, “Advances in Ionic Polymerization,” Prague, July 1982. (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 1085-1095 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The anionic polymerization of norbornene trisulfide initiated with sodium thiophenoxide (sodium cation solvated with dibenzo-18-crown-6 ether) was studied. Polymers with high molecular weights were obtained (Mn up to 105, osmometrically). Molecular weights calculated for living polymerization conditions (i.e., one molecule of initiator yields one macromolecule) agree well with Mn measured by osmometry. 1H-NMR, 13C-{1H}-NMR, and Raman spectra of the polymer are given. Thermodynamics of polymerization in toluene solvent is described. Enthalpy ΔHss = -(1.39 ± 0.17) kcal mol-1 and entropy ΔSss = -(7.52 ± 0.55) cal mol-1 deg-1 coefficients of polymerization were evaluated from the temperature dependence of the equilibrium monomer concentration determined dilatometrically.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220509
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  • 95
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    Fire- and heat-resistant polymer based on maleimido-substituted 2,2-bis(anilino)-4,4,6,6-tetrakis-(4-aminophenoxy)-cyclotriphosphazene (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 1141-1151 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A fire- and heat-resistant polymer was obtained by the thermal polymerization of bismaleimido-substituted 2,2-bis(anilino)-4,4,6,6-tetrakis-(4-Aminophenoxy)-cyclotriphosphazene. The thermal stabilities of the polymer were evaluated in nitrogen and in air by thermogravimetric analysis. This polymer was stable to 345°C and had char yields of 78% at 800°C in nitrogen and of 71% at 700°C in air. The structures of cyclotriphosphazene precursors and the polymer were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220514
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  • 96
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    Photopolymerization of methyl methacrylate and styrene by a oxosulfonium ylide (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 1187-1190 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220517
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  • 97
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    Thermal transitions of poly(3,3-dimethylthietane) (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 1197-1200 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220520
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  • 98
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    Phase-transfer reactions catalyzed by phosphonium salts bound to macroporous polystyrene supports (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 1243-1250 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The rate of reaction of alkyl halides with aqueous sodium acetate or cyanide catalyzed by phosphonium salts supported on insoluble polystyrene resins, and rates of ion-exchange of the chloride ion in the catalysts against the acetate ion, were studied as a function of catalyst particle size, the percentage of ring substitution, the morphology of polymer support, and distance between active site and polymer backbone. Rates of 1-bromooctane or benzyl chloride with macroporous, 7-25% ring-substituted catalysts increased with increasing ring substitution. Rates with macroporous catalysts increased as a heptamethylene spacer was introduced between the active site and the polymer backbone. Rates of ion-exchange with macroporous catalysts were facilitated with increasing ring substitution or by the introduction of the spacer chain. A relation between the catalytic activity of macroporous or microporous catalysts and ion-exchange rates under triphase conditions was discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220604
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  • 99
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    Living reversible anonic polymerization of N,N-diethylamine-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinan (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 1251-1258 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polymerization of the cyclic amide of PIII is described for the first time. The N,N-diethylamine-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinan was shown to give living reversible polymerization with anionic initiators. Lithium and sodium derivatives were found to be inactive. 1H-, 13C-, and 31P-NMR indicated that the polymer strictly reflects the monomer structure and is formed without any isomerization, the polymer chain being $\rlap{--} ({\rm OP}\left( {{\rm NR}_{\rm 2} } \right){\rm O(CH}_{\rm 2} \rlap{--} )_3 )_n $. Initiation involves attack of the anion on the P atom. From the dependence of the equilibrium monomer concentration on temeprature ΔH1s = 1.5 ± 0.2 kcal·mol-1 and ΔS1s = 4.6 ± 0.6 cal·mol-1·°K-1.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220605
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  • 100
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    Interaction of α-poly-L-lysine and ε-poly-L-lysine with methyl orange and its homologs in aqueous solution: Results from dialysis and spectroscopic measurements (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 1281-1289 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The interaction of α-poly-L-lysine and ε-poly-L-lysine with methyl and ethyl orange was studied by equilibrium dialysis and spectroscopic methods. The results of the dialysis measurements indicated that the extent of binding by ε-polypeptide is substantially higher than that by α-polypeptide, despite the much greater molecular weight of the latter. This difference in binding affinity was interpreted in terms of the increased conformational adaptability of ε-polypeptide because of its highly flexible structure. Furthermore, ε-polypeptide exhibited strong cooperative binding. In addition, the effect of the successive addition of α- and ε-polypeptides on the absorption spectra of methyl and ethyl orange was investigated. The addition of α-polypeptide with a molecular weight of 400,000 produced a new absorption peak at a shorter wavelength, due to the stacked dye molecules on the polypeptide chain, whereas that of ε-polypeptide did not. From the results of spectroscopic measurements a possible mode of interaction between these two polypeptides and the small molecule is discussed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220608
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