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  • 1980-1984  (1,789)
  • Engineering General  (1,377)
  • Gas chromatography  (412)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of free fractions of tricyclic antidepressants (1984)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 327 (1984), S. 260-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Amitriptyline ; Imipramine ; Clomipramine ; Demethylated metabolites ; Free fractions ; Serum ; Equilibrium dialysis ; Gas chromatography ; Binding parameters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The plasma protein binding of amitriptyline, imipramine, clomipramine, and their primary demethylated metabolites were studied by means of a method combining dialysis and gas chromatography. Equilibrium in dialysis of serum containing amitriptyline and its metabolite nortriptyline was attained in about 0.5 h with the drug dissolved in the serum compartment, and in about 2 h with the drug passing from the buffer to the serum compartment. The calculation of free fractions was influenced by variations with dialysis time in the volumes of serum and buffer. Increase of pH in serum increased the protein binding of the weakly basic drugs studied, and made the Donnan distribution effects more pronounced. At pH 7.4, the Donnan effect was negligible. Binding parameters for the 6 tricyclic antidepressant substances studied were estimated for the binding to α1-acid glycoprotein and for total binding in serum. For α1-acid glycoprotein, the k-values ranged from 1·105 to 8·105 M−1, and for pooled serum from 0.4·105 to 8·105 M−1. The determined number of binding sites on the α1-acid glycoprotein was, on average 0.87 for the 6 substances. In serum, the binding capacity was 2–14 times the concentration of α1-acid glycoprotein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00502459
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Steroid biochemistry of virilising adrenal tumours in childhood (1984)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 142 (1984), S. 165-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Adrenal gland neoplasms ; Urine steroids ; Gas chromatography ; Mass spectrometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Steroid excretion in urine of 12 infants with virilising adrenal tumours has been determined using gas chromatography. In six children, (Group A, five female, one male) aged 2.8–5.3 years, very high urinary excretions of 17 oxosteroids (〉40 μmol/24 h) were largely accounted for by dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA). In one of the girls, the pattern of steroids excreted in urine was similar to that of newborn infants, with high excretions of 16-oxygenated derivatives of DHA. The histology of this tumour suggested a neoplasia of fetal-type adrenocortical cells. Very large tumours were found in three of the infants, two of whom have died and one has multiple metastases. From the other three children, small, well-encapsulated adenomas were successfully removed. Six children (Group B), had moderately elevated 17-oxosteroid exrretions (8–17 μmol/ 24 h). In five of these cases (four female, one male) aged 0.8–5 years, 11β-hydroxyandrosterone was a consistently prominent urinary steroid. In one boy, aged 7.7 years, 17-oxosteroid excretion was 15 μmol/24 h and the major steroids in urine were metabolites of pregnenolone. These six children have survived with no clinical evidence of recurrent tumour. The in vivo functional activities of the tumours can be deduced from the different profiles of steroids in urine. These have revealed heterogeneous patterns of steroid biosynthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00442442
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stereoselectivity of enzymes involved in toxicity and detoxification of soman (1984)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 55 (1984), S. 70-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Soman ; Gas chromatography ; Mass spectrometry ; Cholinesterases ; Aliesterase ; Phosphorylphosphatase ; Toxicity ; Stereoselectivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The fate of the four stereoisomers of soman [0-(1,2,2-trimethylpropyl)-methyl-fluoro phosphonate] has been studied a) in vivo in mouse blood and liver after IP injection of 0.75 × LD50 Rc- and Sc-soman respectively, and b) in vitro upon incubation wih acetyl- und pseudocholinesterase, aliesterase and phosphorylphosphatase. The analytical method used is based on gas chromatography — mass spectrometry with deuterated internal standard. Most soman disappeared very rapidly from blood and liver. In liver, SCRP and RCRP, the two isomers that preferentially react with cholinesterase, could be detected. The level of SCRP, which was higher than that of RCRP, could be followed for 17–18 h. In blood only SCRP could be detected. The amounts found were fairly constant during the time period 2 min to 4h, and it could even be detected 17–18 h after soman administration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00316590
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The determination of environmental 2-ethoxyethanol by gas chromatography (1984)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 55 (1984), S. 272-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: 2-Ethoxyethanol ; Teratogen ; Adsorption ; Desorption ; Gas chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A gas Chromatographic procedure for the determination of 2-ethoxyethanol (C2H5OCH2CH2OH) was developed by using the general principles of analysis of solvent vapors. 2-Ethoxyethanol was sampled by adsorbing on activated carbon. It was desorbed with carbon disulfide plus 2-propanol (0.5%). The analytical column was packed with 10% free fatty acid phase on Chromosorb-P AW. The analysis was conducted at 130° C isothermal using a flame ionization detector. Addition of 2-propanol (0.5%) to carbon disulfide improved (P≤0.01) desorption of 2-ethoxyethanol adsorbed on activated carbon. The mean desorption efficiency of carbon disulfide plus 2-propanol (0.5%) was 87.9±2.86% (n=15). Based on a 101 air sample and detector sensitivity of 2×10−10AFS, the calculated limit of detection of 2-ethoxyethanol was 0.1 ppm. The precision (coefficient of variation) for this analytical procedure was 3.34% (n=12). In conclusion, 2-ethoxyethanol adsorbed on activated carbon can be desorbed with carbon disulfide plus 2-propanol (0.5%). Subsequently the desorbed 2-ethoxyethanol can be analyzed by gas chromatographic identification on 10% FFAP using a flame ionization detector.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00341025
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The preparation of analytically stable, immobilized stationary phase coatings on colums packing materials (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 11-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Cross-linked Stationary phase ; Immobilized Stationary phase ; Packed columns ; Trapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A coating of silicone SE-54 on Chromosorb W has been converted to an analytically stable, immobilized stationary phase layer by cross-linking with an organic peroxide. Up to 10% by weight has been applied in this manner. Excellent high temperature qualities are exhibited, such as low bleeding and good base line stability, during typical analyses. Poly (2,6-dimethyl-p-phenylene oxide) has also been crosslinked as a surface coating on Chromosorb W with an organic peroxide. From 3 to 4% by weight has been immobilized in this way. The resultant packing material, following high temperature conditioning, has been examined for use as an adsorbent of trace substances, similar to the applications to which such adsorbents as Tenax GC have commonly been applied, e.g. trace analysis of air. It appears to exhibit satisfactory properties for this analytical purpose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02279455
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas-liquid chromatography of isopropylidene-glucose and glucose as their trimethylsilyl derivatives (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 21-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Isopropylidene-glucose ; Glucose ; GC of TMS-derivatives
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary This paper describes the gas chromatographic separation of the mixture of di- and mono-O-isopropylidene-D-glucose and D-glucose as their trimethylsilyl derivatives. The use of OV-101 as liquid phase provides a complete separation for the all components in the mixture. Quantative analysis was performed using xylitol as the internal standard for di- and mono-O-isopropylidene-D-glucose, and sorbitol as the internal standard for α-and β-glucose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02279458
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coupling of chromatography and NMR part 5: Analysis of high-boiling gas-chromatographic fractions by on-line nuclear magnetic resonance (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 31-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Nuclear magnetic resonance ; Terpenes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A procedure is described for recording1H NMR spectra of flowing gaseous GC fractions boiling as high as 200°C. The line width of the signals in the NMR spectra is smaller than 2.2Hz.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02279461
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromatographic determination of tetramethrin on woolen cloth and in aqueous treatment formulations (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 556-559 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Liquid chromatography ; Tetramethrin ; Residues
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A method is described for the analysis of tetramethrin aqueous formulation and residues of tetramethrin on woolen cloth. The samples were extracted with acetonitrile and partitioned with benzene. Interferences were removed by liquid column chromatography with acid alumina and eluted with 10% ethyl acetate-hexane. Analysis was by gas chromatography with a 10% UCW98 (methylsilicone) column. Detection was made with the flame ionization detector to avoid the repeated dilutions necessary with use of the electron capture detector.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02265694
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of electric interactions in the retention index concept; Implications in quantitative structure-retention studies (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 615-618 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Retention index ; Electric parameters ; Physico-chemical relationships ; Structure-retention study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A new equation is derived relating the retention index to the molecular polarizabilities, ionization potentials and permanent dipole moments of the stationary phase and the solute. Various implications of this equation to quantitative structure-retention relationships are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02261974
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Air-sampling of aldehydes—Application to chromatographic determination of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 137-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Aldehydes and ketones ; 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine-coated silica gel ; Gas chromatography ; Column liquid chromatography ; Pollution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary After a brief review of several methods described in the literature this paper discusses air-sampling on 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine-coated silica gel and identification requirements for aldehydes and ketones most commonly found in industrial pollution. Quantitative analysis of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde either by GC or by HPLC techniques is established using a dynamic system producing test atmospheres and compared with the usual colorimetric determinations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02258770
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Esterification of C2−C16 dicarboxylic acids to n-butyl esters in aqueous solutions for their gas chromatographic analysis (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 637-641 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Esterification in aqueous solution ; n-Butyl esters of C2−C16 dicarboxylic acids ; Dicarboxylic acid analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary C2−C16 dicarboxylic acids were esterified in aqueous solution in the presence of sulfuric acid. Esterification in water/n-butanol mixtures with mole ratios between 0.02 and 2.53 can be utilized for the quantitative determination of the dicarboxylic acids by gas chromatography. The presence of water does not interfere at water/n-butanol mole ratios below 0.27. For mole ratios above 0.27 anhydrous sodium sulfate has been used for binding the water. The mole ratio range was 0.25–0.75 for anhydrous sodium sulfate/water, and 0.32–1.3 for sulfuric acid/anhydrous sodium sulfate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02261980
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactions of some polar compounds with methylsilicone liquid phases in gas chromatography (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 202-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Polysiloxane stationary phases ; Heat of adsorption ; Heat of solution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The changes in the heat of solution of polar compounds and xylene isomers in methylsilicone fluid OV-101 deposited on Chromosorb W AW DMCS were studied. It was shown that the heat of solution increases with an increase of the percentage loading of the OV-101 up to 10%. Solution and adsorption thermodynamic characteristics of the studied system are briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02276733
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deactivation of fused silica capillary columns with polymethylhydrosiloxanes (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 329-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fused silica capillary columns ; Deactivation ; Polymethylhydrosiloxanes ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070608
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multidetection of pesticides in capillary gas chromatography (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 338-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Pesticides ; Multidetection ; ECD-NPSD-SSD ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070613
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the stability of polarity mixtures used in CGC (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 332-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Polarity mixtures ; Reaction products ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070609
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct gas chromatographic analysis of halogenated hydrocarbons at the part-per-trillion level (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 370-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Trace analysis ; On-column injection ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Large sample volume on-column injection (up to 250 μL) of n-pentane solutions of halogenated hydrocarbons has been employed for the direct measurement of both low-boiling and high-boiling compounds in what is essentially a single run. Two-bonded phase, fused-silica capillary columns are joined in series, through which the low-boiling compounds are first chromatographed and detected with an electron capture detector. High-boiling compounds are then trapped in a section joining the two columns, and subsequently chromatographed in the second column, using the same detector. This procedure permits analysis at the ppt level.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070706
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multidimensional capillary gas chromatography-enantiomeric separations of selected cuts using a chiral second column (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 404-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Multidimensional capillary columns ; Enantiomeric separations ; Intermediate trapping ; Mixed polarities ; Terpene alcohols ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070711
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of nitrated-polyaromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs) in environmental samples by high resolution chromatographic techniques (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 389-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Low and high resolution liquid chromatography ; Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Alkali flame detection ; Chemical ionization mass spectrometry ; Nitro-PAHs ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An analytical procedure is described for the fractionation of organic compounds present in environmental samples and the determination of nitro polyaromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs). Both low and high resolution liquid chromatography are employed for the prefractionation of the soluble organic fraction (SOF) extracted from particulate matter or gaseous pollutants collected on adsorption traps. High resolution gas chromatography is used to analyze four fractions containing alkanes, PAHs, nitro-PAHs, and other polar PAHs. Nitrogen-containing species are separated by GC and detected specifically using an alkali flame (NPD) detector. Flame ionization (FID) detection, GC-MS of positive ions, and negative ion chemical ionization MS of the whole fraction is used for the identification and quantitation of the various components. The composition of SOF extracted from particulate matter emitted from diesel exhausts is elucidated and a large number of nitro-PAHs identified by the combination of the various techniques.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070709
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Advantages and limits of the quantitative determination of α-ferrocenyl carbinols with capillary GC (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 536-537 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column ; On-Column injection ; Vaporizing injection ; Decomposition ; α-Ferrocenyl carbinols ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070910
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immobilization of stationary phase films by gamma radiation. Part 2 medium-polarity OV-1701-Vi phase (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 700-701 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Glass capillary columns ; Immobilization ; 60Co gamma radiation ; Medium-polarity phase ; OV-1701-Vi ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240071207
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solute focusing using the solvent effect  -  A mass spectrometric investigation of packed bed inlets (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 142-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Solute focussing ; Solvent effect ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070309
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of coupled columns for the capillary gas chromatographic separation of water pollutants (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 215-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, fused silica ; Coupled columns ; Halogenated organic pollutants ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070410
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromatographic mechanisms of coated porous polymers: Chromosorb 102 coated with squalane (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 222-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Interface ; Partition ; Adsorption ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070413
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activated carbon fiber as stationary phase in gas chromatography (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 282-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Gas analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070513
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Large sample injection method (≥ 100 μL) for capillary GC using a commercial thermodesorption unit as injection device (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 306-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Thermodesorption ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A commercial thermodesorption and cold trap unit can be used as a large sample volume injection device in high resolution gas chromatography. Volumes of more than 100 μl can be injected. More than 97% of solvents, such as hexane, can be removed by a Tenax TA precolumn without any loss of compounds with volatilities comparable to naphthalene. Experimental conditions, recovery rates of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and the reproducibility of the method are described in detail. The method was successfully applied for the determination of PAH in air particulate matter extracts.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070604
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stability of dibenzothiophene oxides under gas chromatographic conditions (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 334-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fused-Silica columns ; Thermal stability ; Dibenzothiophene oxides ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070611
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Device for injection of absorbent-trapped compounds on to a WCOT column (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 477-479 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Glass capillary column ; Adsorbent ; Cold trapping ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070806
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  • 28
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    Increased speed of steroid analysis by capillary GC and GC-MS; effects of sample pretreatment and sample introdution (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 414-422 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Steroid analysis ; Sample pretreatment ; Sample introduction ; Separation speed ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Quantitative analysis of steroids and their metabolites in urine samples calls for increased speed of sample clean-up, of the derivatization procedure, and of separation. A fast procedure for sample pretreatment, which can be performed within 8 hours, is introduced and evaluated. It is shown that use of fast pretreatment in combination with narrow bore columns, which are compatible with existing instrumentation, can considerably increase, laboratory throughput. The effect of different sample introduction techniques (e.g. splitless, on-column, and moving needle) on column efficiency and resolution is demonstrated and discussed.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070713
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  • 29
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    Filter extraction in closed loop stripping analysis (CLSA) (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 492-494 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Closed loop stripping analysis ; Filter extraction ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070811
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  • 30
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    Improved capillary GC/MS interface (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 137-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Deactivated fused silica tubing ; Zero dead volume union ; Capillary column GC/MS interface ; Test mixture for non-polar columns ; Test mixture of phenols ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070307
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  • 31
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    Determination of cyclopentolate by capillary column gas-liquid chromatography (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 144-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column ; Cyclopentolate ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070310
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  • 32
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    Analysis of volatile organic compounds in polymers by dynamic headspace and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 185-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Mass spectrometry ; Dynamic headspace ; Deans switching ; Cold trap ; Reinjection ; Polymers ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An experimental method for the analysis of volatile organic compounds in polymers is described. The technique involves dynamic headspace sampling, collection, and concentration of the volatiles in a cold trap, followed by capillary column gas chromatography/mass spectometry. Flow switching is carried out by the Deans switching technique. Four technical polymers used as pharmaceutical packaging materials have been analyzed in order to demonstrate the method.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070403
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  • 33
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    The dynamic film concentrator - A new approach to large and dilute samples in GLC (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 212-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Trace analysis ; Solvent effect in GC ; Parts per trillion ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070409
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  • 34
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    Peak purity in analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by programmed-temperature capillary gas chromatography (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 270-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column ; Temperature-programmed analysis ; Retention indices ; Polychclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070508
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  • 35
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    Overcoming background contamination in closed loop stripping analysis (CLSA) (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 340-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Sample preparation ; Closed loop stripping analysis ; Charcoal adsorbent filter ; Overcoming contamination ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070614
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  • 36
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    The analysis of C1—C4 alcohols, MTBE, and DIPE in motor gasolines by multi-dimensional capillary column gas chromatography (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 487-489 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column ; Multi-dimensional technique ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070809
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  • 37
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    Analysis of pesticide residues by high resolution gas chromatography. Part 2: Determination of fungicide and insecticide residues in various crops (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 533-536 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Fungicides and insecticides ; Sensitivity limits ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070909
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    High resolution gas chromatography: Simultaneous detection of narcotics, adulterants, and diluents in street samples (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 140-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Narcotics: street samples ; Narcotics, adulterants and diluents: simultaneous determination ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070308
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    Trace analysis by simultaneous on-column injection/enrichment of massive sample volumes (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 148-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; On-column injection/enrichment ; Milliliter sample volumes ; Trace analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070312
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    Prediction of gas chromatographic retention indices of linear, branched, and cyclic alkanes from their physicochemical properties (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 191-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Saturated hydrocarbons ; Retention indices ; Molar refraction ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Kováts retention indices for a series of linear, branched, and cyclic alkanes on squalane at any temperature, and on other stationary phases of different polarity at a given temperature, are related to physicochemical properties of the solutes, such as boiling point and molar refraction, by multiple regression analysis. The equations found permit calculation of the Kováts retention index for all alkanes, with standard deviations close to experimental error. The same equations can also be used for calculating the physicochemical parameters they contain.
    Additional Material: 8 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070404
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    An experimental study of cooling during evaporation of liquid films (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 209-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Solvent effect ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070407
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    High resolution gas chromatography (HRGC) of the lipids extracted from blood serum (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 274-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column, glass ; Liquid-liquid and liquid-solid extraction ; Serum lipids ; Fatty acids ; Cholesterol and cholesteryl esters ; Triglycerides ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070509
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    Picomole amounts of methyl chloride by reaction gas chromatography (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 280-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Reaction GC ; Iodination reactor ; Electron capture detection ; Trace analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070512
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  • 44
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    Amino acid enantiomer separation for the detection of adulteration in fruit juices (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 284-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Fruit juices ; Amino acids ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070514
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    Analysis of gases containing inorganic compounds and light hydrocarbons on fused-silica open-tubular columns prepared with a thick liquid phase filmEnlarged text of a paper presented at the 35th Pittsburgh Conference on Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Atlantic City, NJ, USA, March 5-9, 1984. (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 358-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Thick liquid phase films ; Natural and refinery gases ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Capillary columns having a thick liquid phase film and a low phase ratio permit the separation of low molecular mass compounds which would have a very small capacity factor on columns with a classical thin film. At the same time, the increased sample capacity allows conventional hot-wire thermal conductivity detectors to be used with such columns. The analysis of natural and refinery gases, containing both inorganic compounds and light (C1—C7) hydrocarbons, utilizing a combination of hot-wire and flame ionization detectors, is demonstrated.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070705
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  • 46
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    Optimization of capillary parameters for gas chromatography (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 382-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; HETP equation ; Optimum column parameters ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An HETP equation for the capillary column is developed that takes into account the dependence of gaseous diffusion on pressure, the compressibility of the mobile phase, together with the unique relationship between mobile phase velocity, and the resistance to mass transfer in the stationary phase. The equation is used to develop a procedure for column optimization and expressions are derived that allow the optimum column radius and optimum column length to be calculated for a given fixed inlet pressure. It is shown that fast, simple separations are optimally achieved using relatively short small diameter columns. Conversely, optimum performance for the separation of complex mixtures requiring higher efficiencies requires the use of long columns with relatively large diameters.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070708
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    On the potential of CGC in triglyceride analysis (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 431-432 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Triglycerides ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070716
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    Analysis of pesticide residues by high resolution gas chromatography. Part 1: Comparison between packed and capillary columns in pesticide residue determinations. Practical considerations for routine use of capillary gas chromatography (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 480-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Packed and capillary columns ; Fungicides and insecticides ; Adsorption ; Length of column ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070807
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    The Analysis of volatile compounds by purge and trap with whole column cryotrapping (WCC) on a fused silica capillary column (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 504-508 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fused silica capillary columns ; GC/MS/DS ; Cryotrapping and cryofocussing of organics ; Purgeable compound analysis ; Trace organic analysis ; Priority pollutants ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The purge and trap (P&T) method of analysis has been interfaced with fused silica capillary column gas chromatography. This interfacing has been accomplished without splitting the P&T trap desorption carrier gas. Thus, 100% of the purged compounds are transferred to the column. The analytes are cryofocussed on the column using whole column cryotrapping (WCC) at -80°C. The resulting P&T/WCC procedure is extremely well-suited to the analysis of trace purgeable aqueous organic compounds. Samples and standards containing a variety of aromatic standard compounds were analyzed. The standards included benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, C3-C4-benzenes, and naphthalene, as well as three P&T internal standard compounds. Chromatographic peak widths were uniformly less than 6 s at the base and excellent precision was obtained in the relative retention time data for all compounds. The chromatogram of a groundwater sample contaminated with aromatic gasoline compounds is also presented. Since P&T/WCC works well with fused silica capillary columns, the full sensitivity and chromatographic efficiency of capillary gas chromatography is made available to P&T analyses.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070902
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    Kovats retention indices of selected olefins on bonded phase fused silica capillaries (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 542-544 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fused silica (capillary) columns ; Bonded (cross-linked) phases ; Hydrocarbon analysis ; Olefinic hydrocarbons ; Retention index data ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070913
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    Simple carrier gas flow controller unit for capillary GC with On-column injection (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 48-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Carrier gas flow controller unit ; On-column injection ; Sample, loading onto column ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070112
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    Autocrosslinkable methyl-2-phenylethylpolysiloxane stationary phase for capillary column gas chromatography (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 89-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column ; Stationary phase ; Polysiloxane ; Autocrosslinkable ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Methyl-2-phenylethylpolysiloxane polymers have been synthesized for comparison with methylphenylpolysiloxane stationary phases for gas chromatography. The 50% 2-phenylethyl polysiloxane was found to be autocrosslinkable at 260°C without addition of free redical initiator. Although the selectivity of this phase appears to be similar to the 50% phenyl polysiloxane, its thermal stability is not as high.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070207
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    Solute focusing, using the solvent effect in capillary GLC: The solvent effect in the presence of stationary phase (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 92-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column ; Solute focusing ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070208
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    Isolation, concentration, and gas chromatographic determination of C4—C12 fatty acids in water and sludge (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 540-541 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary ; SDE enrichment ; Fatty acids ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070912
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    Selective and non-selective sampling from precolumn separations - with emphasis on the sampling of aqueous solutionsPaper based on a poster presented at the Fifth International Symposium on Capillary Chromatography, Riva del Garda, Italy, April 26-28, 1983. (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 4-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Immobilized capillary columns ; Aqueous solutions ; On-column injection ; Split injection ; Multidimensional separations ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Various methods of gas chromatographic analysis at high resolution and low detection limits in aqueous solutions are described with regard to sampling techniques, column technology, and the application of coupled pre-columns, also including multidimensional methods. Immobilized polyethylene glycol (Carbowax 20 M) columns have also been produced and used successfully.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070102
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    Polarizable biphenyl polysiloxane stationary phase for capillary column gas chromatography (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 13-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Biphenyl polysiloxane ; Stationary phase ; Polarizable phase ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A crosslinkable biphenylmethylpolysiloxane stationary phase was synthesized for capillary column gas chromatography and compared with methyl, phenyl, and cyanopropyl polysiloxane stationary phases for the separation of isomeric polycyclic aromatic compounds. While the new phase gave similar separations of nonpolar isomers when compared to the nonpolar phases, separations of polar isomers were greatly improved because of the induced polarity of the biphenyl group of the stationary phase by the solute molecules. This polarizable stationary phase offers a unique selectivity which is not available in other stationary phases.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070103
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    Determination of biogenic quaternary ammonium compounds on fused silica capillary columns with a splitless injector as a chemical reactor/pyrolysis chamber (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 19-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, fused silica ; Splitless injection ; Flash derivatization ; Quaternary ammonium compounds ; Acetylcholine ; Biogenic amines ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A conventional splitless injector is used as a pyrolysis chamber or chemical reactor for the N-demethylation of acetylcholine and other choline esters. The novel uses of 2-aminoethanol as a N-demethylation reagent in splitless injection and bonded-phase fused silica capillary columns in the separation of the tertiary amine derivatives of choline esters are described. A comparison is made between non-polar and moderately polar fused silica capillary columns in the separation of choline esters.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070104
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    Organic micropollutants in the sewage from a phenoxyalkanoic acid production plant after biological treatment in a municipal trickling filters plant (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 25-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; CGC-ECD, CGC-MS ; Chlorophenols ; Chlorophenoxyalkanoic acids ; Neutral chlorinated compounds ; Biological sewage treatment plant ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The environmentally hazardous organic substances in the waste water from the manufacture of chlorophenoxyalkanoic acids have been identified and semiquantified before and after passing through a biological treatment plant for municipal sewage, the secondary effluent of which is discharged into a marine ecosystem. The organics belong to three groups: (i) chlorophenols; (ii) chlorophenoxyalkanoic acids; and (iii) chlorinated neutrals. The removal of chlorophenols and phenoxyalkanoic acids was shown to be good, with a 90% overall reduction of chlorinated substances in the sewage passing through the treatment plant. The lowest reduction occurred for the polychlorinated compounds. Two chlorobenzofurans among the chlorinated neutrals were preliminarily identified.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070105
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    Separation and analysis of 3-nitrobenzo[e]pyrene and 1-, 3-, and 6-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene via fused silica GC combined with negative ionization atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 41-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Mass spectrometry ; Capillary GC ; Fused silica GC ; 6-Nitrobenzo[a]pyrene ; 3-Nitrobenzo[a]pyrene ; 1-Nitrobenzo[a]pyrene ; 3-Nitrobenzo[e]pyrene ; Nitro-PAHs ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070108
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    GC/MS analysis of chlorinated paraffins with negative ion chemical ionization (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 33-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chlorinated paraffins ; Gas chromatography ; Mass spectrometry ; Negative ion ; Chemical ionization ; Capillary column ; On-column injection ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Although chlorinated paraffins (CP) are produced in large amounts (300 000 tonnes per year), little is known about their occurrence in the environment due to the lack of specific and sensitive analytical methods. The present paper describes the GC/MS analysis of different CP's using capillary gas chromatography with on-column injection and negative ion chemical ionization (NCI) mass spectrometry. Chromatographic resolution of groups of isomers and homologues was obtained. The chromatograms and mass spectra are discussed. The suitability of this method for trace analysis of a CP sample using multiple ion detection (MID) is described.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070106
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  • 61
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    Determination by MS-MS of 1,1-dichlorodimethyl sulfone from pulp mill bleach plant effluents in aquatic organisms (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 68-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: MS-MS ; Gas chromatography ; Capillary GC-ECD, GC-MS, GC-MS-MS ; Bleaching ; Chlorine compounds ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Gas chromatography (GC) with electron capture detection (ECD), GC combined with mass spectrometry (MS), GC with multi-stage mass spectometry (MS-MS), and direct inlet MS-MS have been used to determine 1,1-dichlorodimethyl sulfone (DDS) in aquatic organisms in the receiving waters outside a pulp mill bleach plant. Both GC-MS-MC and direct inlet MS-MS of tissue extracts of fish and mussel appear to be sensitive, selective, and rapid analytical techniques for the determination of DDS.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070204
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  • 62
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    Selective determination of substituted PAH in aerosols using liquid CO2-extraction, HPLC prefractionation on chemically activated silica, and HRGC combined with negative ion mass spectrometryPresented in part at the 5th International Symposium on Capillary Gas Chromatography, Riva del Garda, Italy, 1983 and the VIIth International Symposium on Column Liquid Chromatography, Baden-Baden, 1983. (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 74-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column ; HPLC prefractionation ; MS ; ECD ; Substituted PAHs ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method is described which allows the determination of different substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) such as NO2-PAH, carbazoles, keto-PAH, and aza-arenes in aerosol samples. Liquid CO2-extraction is used to minimize the loss of reactive compounds. High performance liquid chromatography on chemically activated silica is employed to prefractionate the samples into subfractions with a minimum of overlap between different PAH compound classes. Both electron capture detection and negative ion chemical ionization combined with capillary gas chromatography are used for identification and quantification. The latter method also allows distinction between isomers with different toxic properties when N2O/CH4 reaction gas mixtures are used. Selectivity for tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins as against pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls can be improved by this technique. The applicability of the method is critically discussed and different examples are given.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070205
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  • 63
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    Solubilities and partial molar enthalpies of solution for polar gas-liquid systems determined by gas chromatography (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 663-667 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Gas solubilities ; Enthalpies of solution ; Polar solutions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The gas-liquid chromatographic method has been used to determine the solubilities and partial molar enthalpies of solution of the gases H2S, CO2 and COS in four polar solvents. The results agree well with literature values obtained using conventional techniques, with the one exception of H2S in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone. In this case there is some evidence for the occurrence of adsorption at the gas-liquid interface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02265810
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    Gas chromatographic analysis of aromatic, carboxylic acids in the presence of C1−C5 fatty acids and C2−C7 dicarboxylic acids esterified in aqueous solutions as the n-butyl esters (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 673-676 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Esterification in aqueous solution ; n-Butyl esters of aromatic polycarboxylic acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The direct esterification and gas chromatographic analysis of aromatic carboxylic acids as n-butyl esters is described. Derivatization is performed in aqueous solution with n-butanol in the presence of sulfuric acid. The butyl esters of benzoic, phthalic, hemimellitic, trimellitic, trimesic and pyromellitic acids permit their gas chromatographic separation from each other and from fatty acids and alipatic dicarboxylic acids. At mole ratios of [H2O]/ [n-BuOH]≤0.04 the water present does not interfere with the esterification reaction. At mole ratios above 0.04 anhydrous sodium sulfate is used for binding the water, at mole ratios of [Na2SO4 anh.]/[H2O]=0.25–0.75.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02265812
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  • 65
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    Investigation of interaction of olefin-bonded transition metal complexes by gas chromatography. Diphenylphosphine complexes with CoCl2 and CoBr2 (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 205-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Metal complexes ; Chemically bonded phase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Packings consisting of diphenylphosphine complexes with CoCl2 and CoBr2, chemically bonded to the silica surface, were synthesized and their retention parameters determined. The packings are capable of specifically interacting with electron-donating compounds by forming π-complexes. The interaction is considerably stronger in the case of CoBr2-containing packing than in the case of CoCl2-containing packing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02276734
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  • 66
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    On-column injection in the stopped-flow mode with open-tubular columns (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 234-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Open-tubular columns ; On-column injection ; Stopped-flow operation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A simple, inexpensive, on-column injector of the septum moving-needle kind is described for quantitative analysis using open-tubular columsn. when operated in the stopped-flow mode an improvement incolumn efficiency is observed combined wit a diminished tendency to produce split-top peaks, particularly for late eluting peaks. Using electronic integration a relative error of about 2.7% was observed for peaks spanning a wide range of sample concentrations and volatilities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02270556
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  • 67
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    Viscosity of gases used as the mobile phase in gas chromatography (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 243-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Carrier gas ; Viscosity ; Influence of temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The vicosity-temperature relationship of the three gases (helium, nitrogen and hydrogen) most frequenly used as the carrier gas in gas chromatography is studied. Based on available data, equaitions are derived to describe this relationship. Using these equations viscosity data are tabulated for the chromatographically important temperature range.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02270558
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  • 68
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    Gas chromatographic determination of parabens in various pharmaceutical dosage forms (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 260-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Parabens and their dissolution ; Pharmaceutical dosage forms ; Derivatization ; Gas chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A specific, sensitive and general applicabla gas chromatographic method is described for the determination of parabens in various liquid pharmaceutical preparations: propylparaben and butylparaben in a liquid antacid dosage form (I); methylparaben, ethylparaben and propylparaben in a syrup (II); methylparaben and propylparaben in a solution for injection (III). Each time one of the parabens is used as internal standard. The parabens are extracted with diethylether and derivatized by silylation. Different columns are used for the analysis of the parabens: 3% SE-30 column, a 3% QF-1 column for different selectivity, a 2% OV-1 column for isothermal operation. Special attention is attributed to the standard: the parabens are dissolved in a minimal amount of 0.1 M sodium hydroxide and extracted in the same way as the pharmaceutical dosage form.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02270561
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  • 69
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    Resolution and assignment of the configuration of secondary aliphatic alcohols by gas chromatography on chiral phase (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 294-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Configuration ; Resolution ; Alcohols
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The study of the resolution of sixteen secondary aliphatic alcohols by gas chromatography on (+)-dodecyl (2R, 3R)-tartrate, trapping the ascending part of the peak from a conventional filled column, has allowed the determination in a single operation of the sign and order of emergence of enantiomers. A correlation between the configuration of these secondary alcohols and their order of emergence has been established.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02259080
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    Analysis of carboxylic acids by gas chromatography. Derivatisation using chloroacetone (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 309-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Carboxylic acids ; Acetonyl derivatives
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The preparation of the acetonyl esters of nine aliphatic carboxylic acids is described, the general formula of the derivatives being RCOOCH2COCH3 where R=alkyl or H. The derivatives show good chromatographic properties on both packed and capillary columns. The electron impact and chemical ionisation mass spectra of the derivatives are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02259083
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    Open tubular columns: The influence of changing the liquid phase film thickness on column efficiency (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 367-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Open tubular (capillary) columns ; Variation of film thickness ; Thick-film columns ; Mass transfer terms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The factors characterizing the influence of the variation of the liquid phase film thickness on the mass transfer terms in the Golay equations describing the performance of open tubular columns are investigated and numerical values are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02262482
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  • 72
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    A thermodynamic criterion for the identification of the functional group of aliphatic compounds by gas chromatography (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 449-455 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Thermodynamic relationships ; Retention index ; Peak identification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A thermodynamic criterion, ΔQ, is suggested which permits to estimate the difference in the functional group energy of interactions for two different stationary phases. The linear dependence of ΔQ on the homolog number m of any series Rm X can be used as the thermodynamic criterion for the identification of substances by GC analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02262976
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  • 73
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    Performance of open tubular columns as a function of tube diameter and liquid phase film thickness (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 477-488 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Open tubular (capillary) columns ; Sample capacity ; Column comparison ; Film thickness ; Column diameter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Wall-coated, open-tubular (capillary) columns prepared from different diameter tubing, with different liquid phase film thickness, are compared with each other and with packed and support-coated open-tubular columns. The comparison is based on the variation of the phase ratio and the capacity factor, and includes column efficiency (HETP, theoretical plate number), resolution, retention time, and sample capacity. Problems associated with the evaluation of the sample capacity are outlined. The influence of temperature on column performance is discussed in detail. Finally, the possibilities of short, wide-bore open-tubular columns prepared with a thick liquid-phase film are demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02267232
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  • 74
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    Numerical evaluation of stress intensity factor and J integral in three-point bend specimen (1984)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 20 (1984), S. 15-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The present paper attempts to evaluate the fracture mechanics parameters, the stress intensity factor (K) and Rice's energy integral (J) in plane strain conditions for three-point bend specimens. Both the parameters have been evaluated by the FEM using higher order isoparametric elements (i.e. quadratic elements). The crack tip elastic singularity (1/√r) has been taken into account by the use of the special crack tip elements of degenerate triangular element type as well as the fine eight-noded isoparametric plane elements. The stress distribution has been compared with the Westergaard solution in the vicinity of the crack. The K and J values have also been-compared with the theoretical results.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620200103
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  • 75
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    A complex variable boundary element method: Development (1984)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 20 (1984), S. 25-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A generalized boundary integral equation method for the solution of the Laplace equation is developed based on the Cauchy integral theorem for analytical complex variable functions. Although the approach is complicated by the utilization of complex variable theory, the resulting model involves direct integration along straight-line boundary segments (elements) rather than using quadrature formulae that are required in current real variable boundary element formulations. Previously published boundary integral equation methods based on the Cauchy integral theorem are shown to be a subset of the generalized model theory developed in this paper.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620200104
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    Optimum design sensitivity based on approximation concepts and dual methods (1984)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 20 (1984), S. 39-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An optimum design sensitivity analysis capability is reported which exploits the approximation concepts-dual method formulation of the minimum weight structural sizing problem. An efficient iterative solution technique is used to facilitate determination of sensitivity derivatives for both primal and dual variables. Estimates on the useful range of parameter perturbations, over which the optimum design sensitivity projections can be expected to yield satisfactory revised optimum designs, are also obtained. Numerical results for several example problems will be presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the capability reported.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620200105
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    Optimal control finite element approximation for penalty variational formulation of three-dimensional Navier-Stokes problem (1984)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 20 (1984), S. 85-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An optimal control finite element approximation of the penalization type for the solution of incompressible viscous Navier-Stokes equations is presented. This paper has proved the convergence of its minimizing sequence and the existence of the solution for the optimal control problem corresponding to the penalty variational problem of the Navier-Stokes equations. Based on this method and the conjugate gradient algorithm, the program for solving the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes problem has been developed, and some numerical results have also been provided.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620200107
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    The numerical solution of two generalizations of the neumann moving interface problem into two dimensions (1984)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 20 (1984), S. 77-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: We present numerical solutions for the following Stefan problems. The half-space z 〉 0 is initially filled with liquid at its fusion temperature. The boundary z = 0, taken to be the x axis, is maintained at a constant temperature, less than the fusion temperature, for x 〈 0. For x 〉 0, the first problem considers the case of an insulated boundary, and the second problem considers the case of the boundary maintained at the fusion temperature. This gives rise to a solid-liquid interface curved in the (x, z) plane.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620200106
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  • 79
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    Boundary integral equation method for linear porous-elasticity with applications to fracture propagation (1984)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 20 (1984), S. 279-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: For the semi-infinite crack propagating quasi-statically in a porous-elastic medium, the boundary integral equation method (BIEM), based on a reciprocal principle, is formulated for the governing equations of the Biot model of linear porous-elasticity. The resulting numerical scheme is efficient since the discretization of the solution unknowns is required only along the axis of symmetry of a fracture. Fracture propagation criteria based on both elastic and plastic constitutive relations are investigated. Practical applications of the model are expected in the failure of overconsolidated clay, earthquake prediction and underground hydraulic fracturing for energy exploration.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620200207
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    A new class of transitional blended finite elements for the analysis of solid structuresPresented at the SIAM 30th Anniversary Meeting, Stanford University, 19-23 July 1982. (1984)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 20 (1984), S. 241-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Recently developed computer aided design systems for the design and modification of complex physical solids using interactive computer graphics offer the exciting possibility of an integrated design/analysis system. Called geometric modellers, these systems build complex solids from primitive solids (cubes, cylinders, spheres, etc.) and macro solids (combinations of primitives). To provide an effective finite element analysis capability for these systems, methods must be devised to ease the burden of discretizing the solid geometry into a user controlled finite element mesh. In this paper we describe a new class of transitional blended finite elements which make substantially simpler the task of finite element mesh generation and local mesh refinement. Computational experience indicates that numerical accuracy is not compromised by use of these flexible elements.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620200205
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    Non-iterative solution of a tridiagonal-type matrix coupled by diagonal submatrices (1984)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 20 (1984), S. 297-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A non-iterative method is presented for solving a system of algebraic equations forming a banded matrix with each diagonal submatrix being tridiagonal and all other submatrices being diagonal. A recursion relation is assumed between successive elements of the solution vector. This relation is determined by equating a linearly combined form of it with the original set of equations also being linearly combined. The solution vector is determined by back-substitution of elements in the recursion relation. Since the method takes advantage of the banded structure of the matrix, it is more efficient than the conventional methods. A FORTRAN program that incorporates the present method is included.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620200208
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    Shells of revolution with local deviations (1984)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 20 (1984), S. 305-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A finite element model that is suitable for the analysis of shells of revolution with arbitrary local deviations is presented. The model employs three types of shell elements: rotational, general and transitional. The rotational shell elements, which are most efficient, are used in the region where the shell is axisymmetric. The general shell elements, which can simulate almost any shell geometry, are used in the local region of the deviation. The transitional shell elements connect these two distinctively different types of elements and make it possible to combine them in a single analysis.The form of the global stiffness matrix is somewhat unique in the new model. Non-zero terms are not confined to a narrow band along the diagonal, but occur throughout the matrix. This is due to the following: (1) two different types of nodes, ring nodes and point nodes, are combined in a single analysis; and (2) a locally non-axisymmetric geometry creates a coupling of the Fourier harmonic coefficients of the rotational elements. Yet, the matrix still contains many scattered zero terms that should be considered for numerical efficiency. In this paper an efficient solution procedure that is effective for this situation is developed. The steps include the use of a substructuring technique and separate partial harmonic analysis. A numerical example is presented and compared with existing solutions to demonstrate the capabilities and the efficiency of the new model.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620200209
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    Explicit forms for the tangent modulus tensor in viscoplastic stress analysis (1984)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 20 (1984), S. 315-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Viscoplastic constitutive models typically lead to compliance (strain-stress) relationships, which must be inverted for use in the finite element displacement method. Computational requirements can be increased significantly for models of practical size due to the large number of matrix inversions which are necessary. This paper describes a method of obtaining the required stress-strain relations analytically, thus eliminating the need for numerous matrix inversions in the solution. The technique is applicable to a number of commonly-used viscoplastic models, as demonstrated in the examples.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620200210
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  • 84
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    A two-dimensional analysis of the wave equation model for finite element tidal computations (1984)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 20 (1984), S. 369-383 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620200214
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  • 85
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    On reduced matrix inversion for operator splitting methods (1984)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 20 (1984), S. 385-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620200215
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  • 86
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    The solution of higher order integration formulae for dynamic response equations by the conjugate gradient method (1984)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 20 (1984), S. 339-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Higher order implicit integration techniques for solving dynamic response equations are derived utilizing Padé approximations. In an effort to minimize the disadvantages of using these higher order formulae to obtain solutions to systems with large numbers of degrees-of-freedom, the conjugate gradient method is employed to solve for the displacements. The accuracy and efficiency of the techniques are evaluated by making comparisons between known analytical and calculated results.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620200212
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  • 87
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    Pure opening mode stress-intensity factor computation for elliptical crack fronts (1984)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 20 (1984), S. 387-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Further insight into the functional consistent displacement correlation method to calculate the stress-intensity factor for elliptical cracks will be presented. The method will be modified to account for the actual crack face shape in pure opening mode.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620200216
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  • 88
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    Masthead (1984)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 20 (1984) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620200301
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  • 89
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    On quadrature and singular finite elements (1984)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 20 (1984), S. 395-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Special quadrature rules are described for elastic finite elements that have rq behaviour (0 〈 q 〈 1) directly induced in natural element co-ordinates. In general, the quadrature points and weights can vary with the exponent q. For two-dimensional problems with a square-root singularity (q = 1/2), the use of special quadrature results in significant improvements over regular Gauss quadrature. The development of special quadrature rules for three-dimensional elements is shown to be a difficult task. Several special case rules are developed and tested for a line-type singular element, and a precise rule is given for a point-type singular element in three dimensions.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620200302
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  • 90
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    An optimized solution for the diffusion equation on a non-uniform grid (1984)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 20 (1984), S. 465-477 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A lowest order difference scheme has been developed for a spatially non-uniform grid such that the integrated square error is a minimum. This algorithm accommodates grid asymmetry and maintains reasonable accuracy without recourse to higher order approximations. Numerical experiments and computations of the Fourier response factor confirm the performance of the optimized asymmetric algorithm.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620200306
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  • 91
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    Deflection of thick beams of multimodular materials (1984)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 20 (1984), S. 479-503 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A transfer-matrix analysis is presented for determining the static behaviour of thick beams of ‘multimodular materials’ (i.e. materials which have different elastic behaviour in tension and compression, with nonlinear stress-strain curves approximated as piecewise linear, with four or more segments). To validate the transfer-matrix method results, a closed-form solution is also presented for cases in which the neutral-surface location is constant along the beam axis. Numerical results for axial displacement, transverse deflection, bending slope, bending moment, transverse shear, axial force and location of neutral surface are presented for multimodular and bimodular models of unidirectional aramid cordrubber. The transfer-matrix method results agree very well with the closed-form solutions.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620200307
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  • 92
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    Masthead (1984)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 20 (1984) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620200401
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  • 93
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    Surface integral finite element hybrid (SIFEH) method for fracture mechanics (1984)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 20 (1984), S. 869-885 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An effective surface integral and finite element hybrid (SIFEH) method has been developed to model fracture problems in finite plane domains. This hybridization by (incrementally) linear superposition combines the best features of both component methods. Finite elements are used to model the finite domain (and eventually nonlinearity), while continuous distributions of dislocations (resulting in surface integral equations) are used to model the fracture (i.e. displacement discontinuity). This method has been implemented in a computer program and results of representative problems are presented: these compare very well with known solutions and they demonstrate the computational advantages of SIFEH over other numerical methods (including the individual components).
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620200507
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  • 94
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    A simple element for static and dynamic response of beams with material and geometric nonlinearities (1984)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 20 (1984), S. 851-867 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A unified simple 6 degrees-of-freedom beam finite element and the associated computational procedures have been developed for the fast and efficient solution of a wide class of static and dynamic response problems of the beam type with material and/or geometrical nonlinearities.The material nonlinearity is treated by including its effect in the governing equations by forming the stiffness matrix of each element using a two-dimensional grid of Gauss points and using the material properties at each point corresponding to the uniaxial strain at that point. Examples are provided for metal and reinforced concrete beams.A powerful yet straightforward method for the solution of elastica problems of beams and frames, using the beam element developed by the senior author, has been extended for determining the dynamic response of beams undergoing large displacements, including large rotations.The solution procedure involves piecewise linearization of response equations and iterations at each incremental step to achieve equilibrium. The solution procedure is simple and easy to apply. A variety of problems is solved to determine the applicability of the proposed simple formulations. Excellent agreement with existing analytical solutions which employ higher order elements demonstrates the efficiency and versatility of the present simple beam element in nonlinear analysis.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620200506
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  • 95
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    Formulation methods of geometric and material nonlinearity problems (1984)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 20 (1984), S. 887-914 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A concise survey of formulation methods of geometric and material nonlinearity problems is given. Differences between existing formulations in the literature are discussed. A consistent Lagrangian and updated Lagrangian formulations are derived from the energy balance equation transformed to the proper reference configuration. Differences between the existing formulations and similar ones in the literature are found to be in specific geometric nonlinear terms in the final incremental equation as well as in the definition of the load increment vector. Specific forms of constitutive equations for elastic and elastoplastic materials are presented. Some of the forms used by other authors in application to elastoplastic materials are shown to be inconsistent. Sample numerical examples intended for checking some particular points in the formulation are presented.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620200508
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  • 96
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    Two high-order numerical methods for solving boundary-value nonlinear ordinary differential equations (1984)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 20 (1984), S. 845-849 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Two numerical methods for solving two-point boundary-value problems associated with systems of first-order nonlinear ordinary differential equations are described. The first method, which is based on Lobatto quadrature, requires four internal function evaluations for each subinterval. It does not need derivatives and is of order h7, where h is the space chop. The second method, which is similar to the first but is based on Lobatto-Hermite quadrature, makes the additional use of derivatives to achieve O(h9) accuracy. Results of computational experiments comparing these methods with other known methods are given.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620200505
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  • 97
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    Optimization for vibration isolation (1984)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 20 (1984), S. 915-929 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An almost linear optimization problem of importance in vibration isolation has been identified and algorithms were developed to minimize the forced vibrational response of structural systems. The constraints can be either displacements or accelerations. These algorithms have been studied for transient response, frequency response and stationary random using the direct dynamic solution. Multiple response points and loading conditions may be used.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620200509
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  • 98
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    A robust incomplete Choleski-conjugate gradient algorithm (1984)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 20 (1984), S. 949-966 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: When applied to large sparse sets of simultaneous equations, classical iterative methods may yield very poor convergence rates. This paper gives an incomplete Choleski-conjugate gradient algorithm (ICCG) which has reliably good convergence rates at the expense of computing and using at each iteration an incomplete Choleski factor of the coefficient matrix. The method is applicable to any problems in which the coefficient matrix is symmetric positive definite and is likely to be advantageous with respect to elimination when it is not possible to represent the equations in a dense band form.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620200511
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  • 99
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    Efficient linear and nonlinear heat conduction with a quadrilateral element (1984)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 20 (1984), S. 931-948 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A method is presented for performing efficient and stable finite element calculations of heat conduction with quadrilaterals using one-point quadrature. The stability in space is obtained by using a stabilization matrix which is orthogonal to all linear fields and its magnitude is determined by a stabilization parameter. It is shown that the accuracy is almost independent of the value of the stabilization parameter over a wide range of values; in fact, the values 3, 2 and 1 for the normalized stabilization parameter lead to the 5-point finite difference, 9-point finite difference and fully integrated finite element operators, respectively, for rectangular meshes; numerical experiments reported here show that the three have identical rates of convergence in the L2 norm. Eigenvalues of the element matrices, which are needed for stability limits, are also given. Numerical applications are used to show that the method yields accurate solutions with large increases in efficiency, particularly in nonlinear problems.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620200510
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  • 100
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    Implementation of an improved bisection algorithm in buckling problems (1984)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 20 (1984), S. 979-979 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620200513
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