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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (738)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1970-1974  (738)
  • 1971  (738)
  • Organic Chemistry  (689)
  • Rat  (49)
Source
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (738)
Material
Years
  • 1985-1989
  • 1970-1974  (738)
Year
Keywords
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolisches Verhalten von kolloidalem Ferrihexacyanoferrat(II) (1971)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 269 (1971), S. 48-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Colloidal Ferrihexacyanoferrate(II) ; Potassium Hexacyanoferrate(II) ; Metabolism ; Toxicity ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intestinal absorption, distribution, and excretion of ferrihexacyanoferrate(II), labeled by59Fe at the Fe(III)- and Fe(II)-atoms, respectively, was studied in rats. Following i.v. injection, the compound is separated at ∼60% into Fe3+ and [Fe(CN)6]4−, the residual fraction being retained by the reticuloendothelial system. [Fe(CN)6]4− is excreted rapidly and virtually completely by the kidneys. With oral administration the disintegration amounts to ∼7%, and ∼2% of [Fe(CN)6]4− is absorbed from the gut. No evidence was obtained for decomposition of [Fe(CN)6]4−. No toxic side-effects were observed after chronic administration of ferrihexacyanoferrate(II).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01422015
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of chronic amphetamine intoxication on the accumulation in the rat brain of labelled catecholamines synthesized from circulating tyrosine-14C and dopa-3H (1971)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 271 (1971), S. 211-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Amphetamine ; Synthesis of Catecholamines ; Brain Catecholamines ; Release of Catecholamines ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Accumulation of labelled noradrenaline (NA) and dopamine (DA) and endogenous levels of NA and DA in brain and heart were measured after infusion of tyrosine-14C and dopa-3H in rats. After a single dose of 20 mg/kg i.p. of dl-amphetamine sulphate a 50–65% decrease in the NA accumulation in the brain and heart was observed. The accumulation of DA was not changed. In rats treated chronically with amphetamine sulphate, 16−32 mg/kg i.p. twice daily for 4 weeks, both the brain and heart NA and brain DA levels were depleted by 40–70% at 20–24 h after amphetamine withdrawal. The accumulation of labelled NA and DA in these animals was not different from that of saline treated controls. When amphetamine sulphate, 20 mg/kg i.p., was given to chronically amphetamine treated rats there was a 45–60% decrease in the accumulation of labelled NA; labelled DA remained unchanged. It is concluded that the decrease in NA accumulation under acute and chronic amphetamine intoxication is most likely due to a preferential release of newly synthesized NA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00997217
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Der Einfluß der Durchblutung auf die Resorption von Polyalkoholen aus dem Jejunum der Ratte (1971)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 270 (1971), S. 22-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Intestinal Blood Flow ; Intestinal Absorption ; Polyalcohols ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Jejunal loops of anaesthetized rats were perfused with14C-labelled polyalcohols in buffered saline solutions at pH 7. The blood flow, the disappearance rate (from the intestinal lumen), and the appearance rate (in the intestinal venous blood) were determined simultaneously. 2. A decrease of the blood flow from about 1.8 to 0.25 ml min−1g−1 wet tissue diminished the disappearance and appearance rate of the substances and their possible metabolites. An increase of the blood flow caused the reversed results. The two transfer rates and their dependence on blood flow decreased with increasing molecular weight of the polyalcohols. 3. The appearance rate of glycerol showed a different dependence on blood flow in experiments with increasing and decreasing blood flow. This phenomenon can be explained by a decreasing permeability of the epithelium for glycerol with time. The cause for it is unknown. 4. By means of a three-compartment-model blood flow independent permeability coefficients of the polyalcohols are derived for the intestinal epithelium. They are consistent with an equivalent pore radius of 3.9±0.1 Å.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00997297
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopic observations on the development of the median eminence in perinatal rats (1971)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 134 (1971), S. 311-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Development ; Median eminence ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This paper reports details of the development of the external layer of the median eminence with special reference to the appearance of the nerve terminals, containing electron dense core and electron lucent vesicles, in the outermost layer of a palisade structure (2–3 μ thick). Observations were made on perinatal rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain (16, 18, 20 day fetuses and rats 5 hours, one 4, and 8 days after birth). The palisade structure of the outermost layer of the median eminence was first clearly detectable 5 hours after birth. Concomitantly, there was a marked increase in the number of nerve terminals in this layer. The nerve terminals containing electron dense core and electron lucent vesicles were seen in 18 day fetuses in the outermost layer of the median eminence. These nerve terminals increased in number during development, especially from the 20th day of fetal life to the 4th day after birth. The size range of the majority of the electron lucent vesicles did not change during development, but that of the core vesicles increased from 600–800 Å from the 18th to 20th day of fetal life. The initiation of neurohemal control of the adenohypophysial function by the hypothalamus is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00519918
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of rat uterine luminal epithelium at functional states compatible with implantation (1971)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 135 (1971), S. 101-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Rat ; Uterus ; Luminal epithelium ; Ultrastructure ; Implantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the rat uterine luminal epithelium has been examined during normal pregnancy, pseudopregnancy, lactation and lactation-pregnancy, all being conditions when a blastocyst is known to be able to implant. In all four groups of animals the epithelium passes through three characteristic and structurally similar states, namely a pre-attachment state, an attachment state and a postattachment state. The attachment state is characterized by a close contact between apposing luminal surfaces of the epithelium. It is concluded that implantation in an undamaged uterus claims a sequence of certain changes in the uterine luminal epithelium, and that the blastocyst attachment occurs within the early part of that period when the luminal epithelium is in the attachment state.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00525195
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Licht-und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen zum Problem der Blut-Hirn-Schranke circumventriculärer Organe der Ratte nach Behandlung mit Myofer (1971)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 134 (1971), S. 278-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Rat ; Ferro-dextran ; Blood brain barrier ; Circumventricular organs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Nach Vorbehandlung mit Myofer (Eisen III-Dextran) wurde die Aufnahme der Testsubstanz in den circumventriculären Organen von Rattengehirnen mit dem Licht-und Elektronenmikroskop untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, daß ein partieller Schrankeneffekt zwischen Gefäß und Gehirn auch in diesen Regionen besteht. Im allgemeinen ist der Schrankeneffekt die Folge hintereinandergeschalteter Barrieren, deren morphologisches Substrat 1. das Gefäßendothel und 2. die Gliagrenzschicht sind. Im Parenchym der verschiedenen Gehirnteile ist die Endothelzelle für diese gegebene Substanz undurchlässig. Dabei wird Myofer zwar in die Zelle aufgenommen, aber total zurückgehalten. In den circumventriculären Organen des Rattengehirns (Area postrema, Epiphyse, Subfornikalorgan, Organum vasculosum laminae terminalis, Neurohypophyse, Plexus chorioidei) ist die Endothelzelle durchlässig. Daher findet man Myoferpartikel im perivasculären Raum. Der. „Hemmeffekt” der zweiten Barriere ist abhängig 1. von der Konzentration des Myofers in dem perivasculären Raum und 2. von der Zeitdauer, während der die Gliagrenzschicht beeinflußt wird. Die perivasculären Gliafortsätze nehmen als einzige Zellelemente Myofer auf. Da der Anteil von Zellen mit Gliacharakter in den circumventriculären Organen wechselt, ist in den einzelen Regionen Myofer in unterschiedlicher Menge nachweisbar. Neuronale Elemente enthalten niemals Myofer.
    Notes: Summary After pretreatment of rats with Myofer (ferro-dextran complex) the uptake of this substance into circumventricular organs of the brain has been studied by means of light and electronmicroscopy. The results show that in these regions a partial barrier effect exists between blood and brain parenchyma. Generally the barrier effect is the result of impediments, which are connected in series. The morphological substratum of them is (1) the endothelium of the capillaries and (2) the limiting layer of the glial processes. In the parenchyma of the brain (cerebellum) the endothelial cell is sealed for this substance: the Myofer is taken up by the endothelium, but retained in the cells. In the circumventricular organs of the rat's brain (area postrema, epiphysis cerebri, subfornical organ, Organum vasculosum laminae terminalis, neurohypophysis, choroid plexus) the endothelial cells are leaky. Consequently one finds particles of Myofer inside the perivascular space. The inhibitory effect of the second barrier depends (1) on the concentration of Myofer in the perivascular space and (2) on the period, during which the limiting layer of the glial processes has been affected. The perivascular glial processes are the only cell elements which take up Myofer. Since the proportion of cells characterized as glial elements changes between the circumventricular organs, Myofer is detectable in different amounts within the various regions. Neuronal elements never contain Myofer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00519916
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An anatomical study of the efferent connections of the thalamic reticular nucleus (1971)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 12 (1971), S. 435-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Thalamic reticular nucleus ; Ascending reticular system ; Topo graphical arrangement ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A neuro-anatomical investigation into the thalamic reticular nucleus and its connections was made in the albino rat, using the method of retrograde degeneration and the Nauta-Gygax method. The results correspond to the description given by Scheibel and Scheibel and indicate connections of the neurons of the reticular which the principal thalamic nuclei and the rostral part of the intralaminar thalamic nuclei. A topographical arrangement of the efferent connections of the reticular nucleus is demonstrated. The projection of the reticular nucleus upon the thalamus duplicates the cortico-thalamic connections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234497
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the extrapyramidal motor system 1. Regional distribution of GABA in rabbit, rat, guinea pig and baboon CNS (1971)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 13 (1971), S. 514-518 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: GABA-Regional distribution ; Rabbit ; Rat ; Guinea pig ; Baboon ; CNS ; Substantia nigra
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The regional distribution of GABA in the CNS of rabbit (17 regions), rat (14 regions), guinea pig (12 regions) and baboon (11 regions) was determined by sensitive enzymatic and fluorometric assay. In all species studied a high concentration of GABA was found in substantia nigra (8.5–10.1 mmoles/kg) and pallidum (6.5–8.2 mmoles/kg). Fairly high amounts were found in hypothalamus, superior and inferior colliculi, nucleus oculomotorius and dentate nucleus. The GABA concentration in spinal cord (white matter) had the lowest value.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234282
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über die akuten Veränderungen im Parietalcortex der Ratte nach spitzem Trauma (1971)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 19 (1971), S. 249-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Brain Edema ; Stab Wound ; Neocortex ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The parietal cortex of rats was examined by light and electron microscopy 1–120 min after a standardized stab wound (250×450×1800μm, constant stab velocity). The changes in the tissue are already visible qualitatively after 1 min. After about 4 min the expansion of tissue changes stops. 4 zones may be separated. Surrounding the stab canal concentrically they are relatively sharply defined. Zone I. Stab canal, haemorrhagical or “debris zone”, primary traumatic destroyed zone. The tissue units are here completely destroyed. Zone II. “Squashed” or “indirectly but irreversibly damaged” zone. It is ca. 80μm wide and contains apart from a protein-rich extracellular fluid almost exclusively swollen cells and cell fragments. Zone III. Swelling brain or “intracellular peritraumatic edema”. It is ca. 150μm wide and contains mainly dark neurones and swollen astroglia. Zone IV. Transitional zone of variable width. Here only the perivascular and perineural processes are swollen without changed neurone structure. In all swollen astrocytes mitochondria are altered typically (denser matrix, dilated cristae). Discussed are: The short latency period, Zone IV, causes of astroglial swelling, origin of extracellular fluid as well as mechanisms which limit the spread of extracellular fluid into Zone II.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00684602
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of60Co radiation on the cellular responses in degenerating dorsal columns in the rat spinal cord (1971)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 19 (1971), S. 318-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Co-Radiation ; Spinal Cord ; Rat ; Cell Proliferation ; p-Bromophenylacetylurea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Rats were irradiated with doses of 1 000–3 000 rads to the cervical spinal cord and subsequently given a paralytic dose of p-Bromophenylacetylurea. The nuclear populations in the degenerating dorsal columns were determined and it was found that a significant suppression of cell proliferation occurred after all three dose levels. The cell populations in the shielded parts of the tracts rostral to the irradiated zone were not affected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692152
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of chronic administration of ethanol on startle thresholds in rats (1971)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 19 (1971), S. 95-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Ethanol ; Tolerance ; Dependence ; Withdrawal Reaction ; Startle Threshold ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The thresholds for startle responses to electric shock were measured in adult male Wistar strain rats given ethanol daily in doses rising from 3 to 7 g/kg over a 30-day period, and in controls receiving equicaloric doses of sucrose. Tests made 23, 36, or 47 h after ethanol (i.e., during partial or complete ethanol withdrawal) gave threshold values significantly lower than those obtained with sucrose-treated controls. The difference became greater after longer ethanol treatment and larger doses. However, when threshold measurements were made under the acute influence of ethanol in the experimental group, the mean values were virtually equal to those of the sucrose controls. This normalization, by ethanol, of a disturbance produced by absence of ethanol in a chronically treated animal is indicative of physical dependence. Following termination of ethanol treatment there was a gradual return of startle thresholds almost to control values over a relatively short period, indicating that the changes underlying the hyperexcitability are readily reversible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402633
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence de l'isolement sur le comportement d' agressivité intraspécifique induit par l'apomorphine chez le rat (1971)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 20 (1971), S. 389-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Aggressive Behaviour ; Apomorphine ; Isolation ; Psycho pharmacology ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The apomorphine-induced aggression response of isolated rats was examined. The development of aggressive behaviour in adult rats was enhanced after isolation in cages with wire-netting and especially in cages isolated in opacified Makrolon boxes compared with aggregated rats. Young rats kept isolated for 2 months immediately after weaning showed an enhancement only if isolated in wire-netting cages. Rats kept in groups for one month after their isolation still showed an enhancement of aggression, although it was somewhat reduced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00403570
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchungen über die Stereotypien nach Amphetamin und Apomorphin sowie deren pharmakologische Beeinflussung (1971)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 21 (1971), S. 212-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Amphetamine ; Apomorphine ; Stereotypy ; Behaviour ; Rat ; Mouse ; Neuroleptics ; Thymoleptics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The behaviour of mice after various doses of amphetamine or apomorphine which induce stereotypies is described in details. The induced stereotyped behaviour in mice appears more differentiated than that in rats. The amphetamine-syndrome in rats consists of an excitement phase followed by the stereotypy, whereas apomorphine elicits stereotyped behaviour directly after administration. Amphetamine-induced stereotyped behaviour is different from the apomorphine-induced stereotypy in several respects. Neuroleptics inhibit the amphetamine (12.5 mg/kg s.c.) and apomorphine-(10 mg/kg s.c.) syndrome, while thymoleptics potentiate subeffective doses of amphetamine (5 mg/kg s.c.) and apomorphine (2 mg/kg s.c.). This is demonstrated with some neuroleptics of the phenothiazine-type, haloperidol, reserpine, and a group of thymoleptics. The method opens the possibility of differentiating within several groups of neuroleptics and within several groups of thymoleptics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00403860
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of two tetrahydrocannabinols, (Δ9-THC and Δ8-THC) on conditioned avoidance learning in rats and its transfer to normal state conditions (1971)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 22 (1971), S. 23-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Acquisition ; CAR ; Tetrahydrocannabinols ; Transfer ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Rats trained in conditioned avoidance responding (CAR) after injections of either 7.5 mg/kg Δ 9-THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) or 15 mg/kg Δ 8-THC, showed no transfer when tested in the non-drugged state. Furthermore, these doses of the isomeric tetrahydrocannabinols exerted a disruptive effect on previously established CAR in rats, trained under normal conditions. Only the Δ 9-THC-group showed an impairment of acquisition which was statistically significant compared to the control group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00401463
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of 1-(o-Allylphenoxy)-3-Isopropylamino-2-Propanol Hydrochloride (Alprenolol) on the central nervous system of the rat (1971)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 21 (1971), S. 66-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Alperenolol ; Amphetamine ; Brain Amines ; Behaviour ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The influence of alprenolol and amphetamine alone or combined on the content of noradrenaline, dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine in seven discrete areas of the brain and on rat behaviour was studied. Animals were treated with drugs for 6 months. Alprenolol caused mainly a decrease of the estimated endogenous amines in different brain areas. Amphetamine caused a decrease of all three amines in some parts of the brain, and reversed some of the changes caused by alprenolol. Alprenolol had no effect on the locomotor activity of rats, but increased the activity of rats treated with amphetamine after the first week of treatment, and antagonized the excitatory effect caused by amphetamine during the following weeks of the experiment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00403997
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of cholinergic agents upon fixated behavior (1971)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 21 (1971), S. 147-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Scopolamine ; Pilocarpine ; Lashley Jumping Stand ; Fixated Behavior ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A group of male albino rats were subjected to the Maier paradigm (insoluble problem followed by a soluble problem) using the Lashley jumping stand. Forty-two animals which failed the soluble problem by adopting a position stereotype were then randomly assigned to eight drug groups in a 2×2 design. Animals were guided to the correct window on odd days but received no guidance on even days. Animals received either pilocarpine nitrate (5.0 mg/kg) or scopolamine hydrobromide (1.0 mg/kg) in one of three different sequences. These sequences included drug on both odd and even days (drug-drug), only on the odd day (drug-no drug), or only on the even day (no drug-drug). One other drug group received scopolamine methylbromide (1.0 mg/kg) in a drug-no drug sequence, while the control group received saline on both days. Results indicated that animals receiving pilocarpine in the drug-drug and no drug-drug sequence solved significantly faster than the controls, while all the drugno drug groups showed significantly poorer solution rates. It was concluded that pilocarpine may enable animals to inhibit punished behavior patterns and thus hasten the extinction of fixated responses, but that due to the inconclusive scopolamine data this pilocarpine effect may not be due to its cholinomimetic properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00572272
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biochemical evidence of adrenergic interaction with cholinergic function in the central nervous system of the rat (1971)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 21 (1971), S. 238-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: NE ; Intraventricular ; Cholinergic Function ; Eating Behaviour ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of centrally administered norepinephrine (NE) into the lateral ventricle on choline acetylase activity (ChAc), endogenous levels of NE, dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5HT) was studied in different regions of the rat brain. In normal rats, the highest activity of choline acetylase was found in the cerebral cortex, followed by the brain stem, the diencephalon, the hypothalamus and least in the cerebellum. Chronic administration of NE significantly increased the choline acetylase activity in all regions studied, whereas both the acute and the in vitro studies showed no significant change except in the brain stem. Serotonin level was increased in the cerebellum, but decreased in the diencephalon and the brain stem. There was no significant alteration in the level of NE in all areas studied except in the hypothalamus where there was an increase in the mean concentration. Tissue level of DA showed a significant increase in the cerebral cortex and the hypothalamus. Behaviourally, there was a significant increase in food intake on the first day of treatment with no significant change in water intake. The data suggests that NE may be involved in the regulation of acetylcholine synthesis. The significance of interaction between different monoamines and acetylcholine may be important in the study of drug tolerance phenomena.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00403862
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of chlorpromazine on conditioned avoidance as a function of CS-US interval length (1971)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 22 (1971), S. 144-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Avoidance ; Chlorpromazine ; CS-US Interval ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Three groups of four rats learned to avoid electric shock (US) by turning a wheel in response to a buzzer stimulus (CS). The CS-US intervals for each group were 5, 10, and 20 sec, respectively. After each animal had learned the avoidance procedure and had achieved a stable level of performance, the effect of several doses of chlorpromazine on percent avoidance, on latency time from CS onset to termination by a response, and on response rate was determined as a function of CS-US interval length. No consistent relationship between increasing interval length and response rate was observed. Neither lengthening the CS-US interval nor the interaction of this lengthening with chlorpromazine dose was found to exert a statistically significant effect on percent avoidance. Furthermore, although a statistically significant increase in response latency was found to be associated with increasing CS-US interval length, the increases in latency noted were not of sufficient magnitude to corroborate the hypothesis that lengthening the CS-US interval contributes importantly to increased avoidance responding in animals tested with chlorpromazine. Further, the results of this study do not support induction of a locomotor deficit as the mechanism by which chlorpromazine suppresses the avoidance response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00403622
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Central action of phentolamine administered intraventricularly in the rat (1971)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 20 (1971), S. 348-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Phentolamine ; Noradrenaline ; Amphetamine ; Rat ; Locomotor Activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Phentolamine injected intraventricularly in unanaesthetized rats decreased their locomotor activity and antagonized the excitatory effect of intraventricularly injected noradrenaline, or amphetamine injected s.c. Phentolamine did not influence the level of noradrenaline and 5-hydroxytryptamine in the rat brain. The mechanism of observed action of phentolamine is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00403566
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of acutely administered fenfluramine on activity and eating behaviour (1971)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 21 (1971), S. 165-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Anorexic Effect ; Fenfluramine ; Activity Analysis ; Time Sampling Technique ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Three experiments are reported investigating the effects of acute administration of fenfluramine over 3 doses on activity, eating and drinking behaviour. A time sampling procedure of activity analysis was used, employing six behaviour categories. Fenfluramine produced a dose related decrease in rearing behaviours, with some evidence of an increase in walking categories at the lower dose levels. Eating and drinking behaviours showed clear dose related decreases. Sniffing categories showed a clear dose related increase. Attention is drawn to some of the difficulties of interpretation and assessment of anorexic effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00572274
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NaK stimulated adenosinetriphosphatase: Intracellular localisation within the proximal tubule of the rat nephron (1971)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 330 (1971), S. 265-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: NaKATPase ; Intracellular Localisation ; Proximal Tubule ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary With refinements of quantitative histochemistry, i.e. oilwell technique, enzymaticP ianalysis and NADP/NADPH cycling an enzymatic polarization of the tubular epithelial cell from the rat nephron to NaKATPase can be established. NaKATPase activity is limited to the basal area of the epithelial cell. Brush border fragments lack NaKATPase activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588617
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Percutane Schwanzarterienpunktion als Methode zur wiederholten Blutentnahme an der Ratte (1971)
    Springer
    Clinical and experimental medicine 154 (1971), S. 339-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 1591-9528
    Keywords: Blood sampling ; Rat ; Tail artery ; Blutentnahme ; Ratte ; Schwanzarterie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird die Punktion der Schwanzarterie der Ratte als Methode zur wiederholten Blutgewinnung bei diesem Versuchstier beschrieben.
    Notes: Summary The puncture of the tail artery in the rat is described as a method for repeated blood sampling in this animal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02045101
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential enzymatic behaviour of single proximal segments of the superficial and juxtamedullary nephron (1971)
    Springer
    Clinical and experimental medicine 155 (1971), S. 340-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 1591-9528
    Keywords: Rat ; Nephron types ; Oxydoreductases ; Quantitative histochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary With oxidoreductases mediating several metabolic pathways, e.g. LDH (glycolysis), ICDH, MDH (tricarboxylic acid cycle), GLDH (aminoacid metabolism) and G-6-PDH (hexose monophosphate shunt) additional marked differences between the subcapsular (SCN) and juxtamedullary (JMN) nephron of rat kidney could be established using quantitative histochemical technique. The enzymatic differences between the two nephron types are mainly quantitative as could be shown within the logarithmic network. The intrarenal enzymatic heterogeneity seems to constitute a general concept.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02053466
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Herzpunktion bei der Ratte zur wiederholten Blutentnahme und Injektion (1971)
    Springer
    Clinical and experimental medicine 156 (1971), S. 314-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1591-9528
    Keywords: Rat ; Cardiopuncture ; Drawing of Blood ; Injektion ; Ratte ; Herzpunktion ; Blutentnahme ; Injektion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cardiopunkture in anesthesia is a rapid and accurate method for withdrawal of blood and injection without as many complications as suspected if carried out correctly. In the animal placed on its back a syringe with a gauge-24 needle is inserted in the left 4th or 5th intercostal space close to the sternum. When the needle is slowly pushed forward toward the spine continuous suction is exerted with the plunger. After blood has been drawn the needle is removed with a quick jerk. Thus when rats were punctured 8 to 18 times only 1 animal died of a hemopericard in 275 punctures. No other complication could be observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02045832
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vergleichende elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchung an entodermalen Thymus-Retikulumzellen neugeborener und alter Wistar-Ratten (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 114 (1971), S. 271-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Thymus ; Rat ; Involution ; Reticulum-Cells ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Entodermale Thymus-Retikulumzellen neugeborener Wistar-Ratten enthalten häufig helle Vesikel mit enger räumlicher Beziehung zum Golgi-Apparat. Bei 13 Monate alten Ratten fehlen diese Vesikel. 2. Die Tatsache, daß die Häufigkeit heller Vesikel mit fortschreitendem Lebensalter abnimmt, findet ihre Parallele in der von anderer Seite getroffenen Feststellung, daß die Bildung eines humoralen Faktors im Thymus im Laufe der Zeit eingeschränkt wird. 3. Diese Koinzidenz läßt an die Möglichkeit denken, die hellen Vesikel könnten ein morphologisches Äquivalent der Bildung eines Thymuswirkstoffes sein. 4. In entodermalen Thymus-Retikulumzellen 13 Monate alter Ratten finden sich große Vakuolen mit granulärem Inhalt. Ihre Bildung beginnt schon vor der Thymusinvolution. Sie entstehen wahrscheinlich durch Phagozytose oder Aufnahme zelleigenen Materials, das nicht weiter abbaufähig ist. 5. Da diese Einschlüsse mit fortgesetzem Alter an Zahl und Größe zunehmen, scheinen sie als Ausdruck einer Beeinträchtigung der Stoffwechselvorgänge im Zytoplasma ein erstes morphologisch faßbares Symptom der frühzeitigen physiologischen Involution des Thymus zu sein.
    Notes: Summary 1. Entodermal reticulum cells of new born Wistar rats frequently contain clear vesicles with close connection to the Golgifield. These vesicles do not occur in reticulum cells of 13 months old rats. 2. The frequency of these clear vesicles decreases with advancing age obviously in the same way as the production of a humoral thymic factor reported by several investigators. 3. This observation agrees with the hypothesis that the clear vesicles are the morphological equivalent of the production of a humoral thymus factor. 4. Entodermal reticulum cells of 13 months old Wistar rats contain large vacuoles filled with electron dense, granulated materials. The formation of these vacuoles starts already before the beginning of the thymus involution. Possibly they are produced by phagocytosis or necrobiosis and contain deposits of material that cannot undergo further degradation. 5. The increase of these vacuoles in number and size with advancing age may be considered as equivalent of the deterioration of metabolism responsible for early involution of the thymus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00334006
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Geschlechtsunterschiede in der Ultrastruktur der Nebennierenrinde der Ratte (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 116 (1971), S. 136-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenal cortex ; Rat ; Sex difference ; ACTH ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Nebennierenrinde von 178 Sprague-Dawley-Ratten wurde elektronenmikroskopisch von der 1.–12. Lebenswoche unter Normalbedingungen sowie nach s.c. Injektion von 3 IE ACTH/100 g Körpergewicht innerhalb von 2 min — 24 Std untersucht. Ab der 5. Lebenswoche unterscheiden sich die Nebennieren von Weibchen im Bereich der äußeren Zona fasciculata durch Kernvergrößerung, größere Mitochondrien und kleindisperse Liposomen von denen der Männchen. Zyklusbedingte Schwankungen in der Ultrastruktur der weiblichen Nebennierenrinde bestehen nicht. Nach ACTH-Applikation nähert sich das Nebennierenbild des Männchen innerhalb von 30 min dem des unbehandelten Weibchens. Außerdem kommt es bei beiden Geschlechtern durch ACTH zu einer Dispersion und Reduktion der Liposomen, Vergrößerung des Golgiapparates und der Zellkerne, Ausweitung des endoplasmatischen Retikulums und Vermehrung der Mikrovilli. Der Geschlechtsdimorphismus wird funktionell erklärt.
    Notes: Summary 178 Sprague-Dawley-rats were studied by electron microscopy from the 1st to the 12th week of life under normal conditions and after s. c. injection of 3 I. U. ACTH/100 gbodyweight from 2 min to 24 hours. Beginning with the 5th week of life females differ from males by small dispersed liposomes and enlarged nuclei and mitochondria in the outer z. fasciculata. There is no change in the ultrastructure of the female adrenal cortex depending on the sexual cycle. After application of ACTH the adrenal cortex of males assimilates to the untreated females within 30 min. After ACTH-application both sexes show dispersion and reduction of liposomes, dilation of endoplasmatic reticulum, increasement of microvilli and enlargement of the Golgi apparatus. The sex-dimorphism is interpreted by functional differences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00332862
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neurofilaments and microtubules in sensory neurons after peripheral nerve section (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 117 (1971), S. 191-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Sensory neurons ; Rat ; Nerve section ; Neurofilaments ; Neurofibrils
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sensory neurons were examined in spinal ganglia of the rat 1 to 55 days after section of the plexus brachialis nerves. Only “light” neurons of the type A were investigated. Maximal reaction to axotomy was found 7 to 14 days after the operation. The majority of the axotomized perikarya developed central chromatolysis. In such neurons, Nissl bodies virtually disappeared from the central area of the neuron and formed a more or less continuous zone at the cell circumference. The cytocentrum became filled with large numbers of mitochondria, dense bodies and other organelles. Neurofilaments and microtubules were disarranged and ran at random among the accumulated particles. Microtubules were often more prominent in chromatolytic areas than neurofilaments. Both these organelles were rare in the peripheral areas filled with massed Nissl substance. Part of the neurons that did not show typical chromatolysis contained increased numbers of neurofilaments among Nissl bodies dispersed throughout the cytoplasm. Neurofilaments were roughly arrayed in bundles up to several microns wide; they were linked by cross-bridges and separated by distances of about 500 Å. Microtubules were rarely found in the filamentous areas. However, they were numerous in the axon hillock and in the initial segment where they formed fascicles similar to those described in normal neurons of other types. During the period from 14 to 55 days after axotomy, many perikarya recovering from chromatolysis contained enlarged bundles of neurofilaments with occasional microtubules among the restored Nissl bodies. Mean diameters of sensory neurons, measured 7 to 55 days after axotomy, in no instance exceeded those of contralateral control neurons. It thus appears that sensory perikarya do not increase in size either during the chromatolytic process or during the period of recovery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00330737
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wachstumsverhältnisse des Samenblasenepithels bei der heranwachsenden weißen Ratte (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 119 (1971), S. 378-383 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Seminal vesicles ; Rat ; Epithelium ; Proliferation activity ; Autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An 12 männlichen weißen Wistarratten unterschiedlichen Alters wurde autoradiographisch die Proliferation des Samenblasenepithels zur Zeit der Pubertät geprüft. Die Tiere waren 21, 29, 40, 50, 60 und 180 Tage alt und erhielten 1 Std vor der Tötung durch Dekapitation 2,5 μC 3H-Thymidin/g Körpergewicht i. p. appliziert. Ausgewertet wurden Autoradiogramme nach einer Expositionszeit von 18 Tagen; bestimmt wurde der Prozentsatz der markierten Zellkerne (3H-Index). Im Gegensatz zu dem bekannten exponentiellen Abfall des 3H-Indexes bei nicht-hormonabhängigen Leberepithelien jugendlicher Ratten kommt es beim Epithel der Samenblasen um den 40. Lebenstag zu einem erneuten, starken Proliferationsschub. Diese starke Wachstumszunahme ist wahrscheinlich der proliferationskinetische Ausdruck der nach Steinberger (1970) zur gleichen Zeit stattfindenden hormonellen Umschaltung in den Testes. Anschließend geht das Vermehrungswachstum des jugendlichen Tieres, durch das die Zellzahl erhöht wird, in das Erhaltungswachstum über; der 3H-Index des Samenblasenepithels erreicht den Wert des erwachsenen Tieres.
    Notes: Summary In 12 male white rats (Wistar) the proliferative activity of the epithelial cells in the seminal vesicles was studied by autoradiography. The animals were 21, 29, 40, 50, 60 and 180 days old. Each animal was given 2.5 μC/g 3H-thymidine and was killed 1 hour thereafter. We analysed the autoradiograms recording the percentage of labelled nuclei (3H-index). While the 3H-index of the non hormone-dependent epithelial cells in the liver of young rats declines continously with growing age (Stocker et al., 1964), the epithelial cells in the seminal vesicles of 40 days old rats show a remarkable rise in their proliferative activity. It is quite possible that this new peak in the proliferation is the morphological result of a preceeding switch in hormonal production of the testes as reported by Steinberger (1970). Thereafter the growth proliferation of the young rats declines into the steady state of the grown up.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431294
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of helical polyribosomes in sections of mature skeletal muscle fibers (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 121 (1971), S. 531-547 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Helical polyribosomes ; Skeletal muscle ; Polysomes ; Levator ani ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The localization and configurations of ribosomes in mature white skeletal muscle fibers of the rat were investigated. Differential visualization of ribosomes and glycogen granules was obtained by fixation with glutaraldehyde only and staining of the sections with uranyl acetate. Ribosomes are then electron dense and glycogen granules electron transparent. Their identity was ascertained by selective extractions of ribonucleic acid and polysaccharide. The vast majority of the ribosomes is not membrane-bound. They are located intermyofibrillarly (predominantly at the level of the I-bands), beneath the sarcolemma, and in the paranuclear cones of sarcoplasm. Occasionally short stretches of granular reticulum occur, often as characteristic double walled vesicles with ribosomes on the inner membrane only. Three main types of polysomal configurations are observed: rosettes of 4 to 6 ribosomes, helical arrays, and whorls of up to about 25 probably membrane-bound ribosomes. The average number of ribosomes in the extended helical configurations is estimated to be about 60. It is argued that these helices represent the polysomes instrumental in the synthesis of the large subunits of myosin. It is emphasized that helical polyribosomes are by no means typical of striated muscle, but probably represent a common configuration of large free polysomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00560158
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural observations on the postnatal development of the rat prostate (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 113 (1971), S. 157-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Prostate ; Development ; Ultrastructure ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The postnatal development of the rat prostate has been studied with the electron microscope. Major developmental changes begin during the second week after birth and involve organelles associated with the formation of secretions. The amount of granular endoplasmic reticulum and the size of the Golgi complex increase greatly. Large vacuoles that probably contain secretory material are formed, and the lumen of the prostatic acini appears to contain secreted material. Large lysosomes with polymorphic interiors are present as early as 10 days after birth, and they become numerous by the end of the third week. Differences in fine structure between the different lobes of the prostate are detectable in 10–14 day old rats. The subsequent differentiation of the granular endoplasmic reticulum into the forms characteristic of the different prostatic lobes is described. The initial changes in the prostate occur in advance of sexual maturity of the animal, and the adult appearance of the gland is attained by 4–5 weeks after birth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00339413
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-term trophic effect of ACTH on rat adrenocortical cells (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 115 (1971), S. 30-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenal Cortex ; ACTH ; Autoradiography ; Stereology ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The changes occurring in rat adrenocortical cells (zona fasciculata) during an 8 day period of treatment with ACTH, were investigated by morphometric and autoradiographic methods. The most important ultrastructural change consists in a conspicuous increase in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, that accounts for about 50% of the total increase of cellular volume. Also the mitochondrial fraction shows a significant increase, which is found to be due both to the increment in the number of mitochondria per cell and to the increase in the mean volume of organelles themselves. The quantitative autoradiographic data, indicating an increment in the incorporation of 3H-orotate and 3H-leucine into adrenocortical cells of the treated animals, allow us to conclude that the ACTH-induced ultrastructural changes are the morphological expression of a stimulation of the cellular protein synthesis. Since mitochondria are largely autonomous in the synthesis of their enzymes and structural proteins, it is possible to hypothesize that ACTH also intervenes in the regulation of the mitochondrial protein synthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00330212
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sur l'existence de cellules de type ≪corticotrope≫ dans la pars intermedia de l'hypophyse du rat (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 115 (1971), S. 60-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adenohypophysis ; Pars intermedia ; Corticotrophic cells ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Nos observations démontrent l'existence de deux types de cellules glandulaires dans la pars intermedia de l'hypophyse du rat: des cellules propres, à M.S.H., dont les grains de sécrétion sont détruits par la fixation osmiée et relativement bien conservés par la fixation au glutaraldéhyde; des cellules à petits grains denses, osmio-résistants, qui s'apparentent morphologiquement aux éléments corticotropes de l'antéhypophyse. L'existence bien connue d'A.C.T.H. ou, plus précisément, d'un facteur ≪A.C.T.H.-like≫ dans le lobe neuro-intermédiaire nous fait considérer comme très vraisemblable la nature corticotrope de ce deuxième type cellulaire de la pars intermedia.
    Notes: Summary Two types of glandular cells have been shown to occur in the intermediate lobe of the rat hypophysis: 1) M.S.H. producing cells whose secretory granules are destroyed by osmium fixation and relatively well preserved by glutaraldehyde fixation, 2) cells with small dense osmium resistant granules being morphologically similar to the corticotrophic cells of the anterior lobe. The well known occurrence of A.C.T.H. or, more precisely, of an “A.C.T.H.-like” factor in the neuro-intermediate lobe makes the corticotrophic nature of this second cell type very likely.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00330214
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  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the innervation of the rat and pig adrenal cortex (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 116 (1971), S. 151-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenal cortex ; Innervation ; Receptors ; Rat ; Pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The innervation of the adrenal cortex of the rat and the pig is investigated with the electron microscope. Nerve fibers containing synaptic and two types of dense-cored vesicles come into contact with endocrine cells. There are no specialized pre- and postsynaptic membranes. The synaptic cleft is about 200 Å wide. Generally the basement membrane between nerve and cell is absent. These observations are discussed on the base of more recent experimental findings. Small fibers having an average diameter of about 0.2 to 0.5 μ and containing only tubules and filaments are considered to represent parts of an afferent nervous system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00332863
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  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Further ultrastructural data on the cytoplasmic nucleolus resembling bodies or nematosomes. Their relationship with the subsynaptic web and a cytoplasmic filamentous network (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 118 (1971), S. 147-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Nematosomes ; Subsynaptic web ; Microfilamentous cytoplasmic network ; Neurosecretory cells ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An electron microscope study of the rat supraoptic nucleus, substantia nigra, neostriatum and periventricular preoptic area demonstrates that nematosomes are present within the perikaryon of neurons located in these structures. The latter structure may be found in close association with the subsynaptic web of axosomatic synapses. Numerous micro-filaments fan out from the nematosome and link the latter organelle to the ribosomes, the cytoplasmic membranes and the plasma membrane thus establishing an interwoven filamentous cytoplasmic network. A possible close relationship between the nematosomes and the neurofilaments and neurotubules is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00341559
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  • 35
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    Electronic Resource
    The fine structure of the granulosa cells in the domestic fowl and the rat (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 119 (1971), S. 58-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ovary ; Rat ; Fowl ; Granulosa cells ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The granulosa cells of the ovarian follicle of the rat and the domestic fowl have been studied with the light and electron microscope. The nuclei of the granulosa cells were irregular with indentations and large in proportion to the cytoplasm of the cell. The mitochondria had a dense, dark matrix with only few cristac. The Golgi apparatus was moderately developed, located towards the oocyte in a juxtanuclear position. The endoplasmic reticulum was rather sparse. Lipid droplets were only occasionally encountered. Microtubules were regularly observed. The functions of the granulosa cells are discussed. Compared with the steroid-producing cells of the theca interna of the same follicles, the granulosa cells primarily are the nursing cells for the growing oocyte and mainly have the characteristics of protein forming cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00330538
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  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über intraepitheliale nervöse Endformationen in mehrschichtigem Plattenepithel (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 121 (1971), S. 171-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Nerve endings ; Epithelium ; Rat ; Electronmicroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Im Anschluß an frühere lichtmikroskopisch erhobene Befunde (Silberimprägnation; 1924, 1928) weist der Verfasser durch elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen nach, daß durch die Interzellularspalten des Epithels (Schnauze der weißen Ratte) Nervenfasern hindurchziehen. Diese Nervenfäserchen, ihre Varikositäten und ihre Endknöpfchen liegen in den Spalten zwischen den Epithelzellen. Die Ultrastruktur der nackten, d.h. von Schwannschen Zellen nicht umhüllten terminalen Nervenfasern und ihrer Endigungen im Epithel wird beschrieben.
    Notes: Summary In addition to former light microscopical observations the author demonstrates electronmicroscopically that nerve fibers pass through the intercellular spaces of the epithelium. The nerve fibers, their varicosities and terminal bulbs lie within the spaces between the epithelial cells. The ultrastructure of the terminal nerve fibers in the epithelium is described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00340670
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    Electronic Resource
    Die zytochemische Identifikation der Mastzellvorstufen bei der Ratte (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 121 (1971), S. 292-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Tissue Mast Cells ; Rat ; Regeneration ; Monocytes ; Peritoneal Exudates ; Cytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Regeneration von Gewebsmastzellen wurde durch Untersuchungen von Peritonealexsudat erwachsener Ratten verfolgt, die häufigen Spülungen der Bauchhöhle unterworfen wurden. Innerhalb von 4–6 Tagen kommt es zu einer starken Vermehrung unreifer Gewebszellen. Die Ausbildung von Alcianblau-positiven unreifen Granula in ungranulierten Vorstufen benötigt etwa 6 Std. Die Ausbildung von Safranin-positiven reifen Granula vollzieht sich in 48 Std. Die Ergebnisse der zytochemischen Untersuchungen unreifer Mastzellvorstufen sprechen für eine monozytogene Entstehung der Gewebsmastzellen.
    Notes: Summary In adult rats, the regeneration of tissue mast cells in peritoneal exudates was studied by repeated peritoneal lavages. After 4–6 days, tissue mast cells appeared in great numbers in peritoneal exudates. Alcian blue positive granules were first noted at 6 hrs in agranular mast cell precursors. Maturation with accumulation of safraninpositive granules was complete after 48 hrs. The cytochemical reactions of the earliest tissue mast cell precursors suggest a monocytogenic origin of tissue mast cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00340679
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  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Licht- und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen über die Reversibilität von Kernmembranschrumpfungen des Ependyms im Hypothalamus der Ratte, hervorgerufen durch langdauernde Thiobarbiturat-Narkose (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 112 (1971), S. 542-550 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ependyma ; Thiobarbiturate narcosis ; Cell nucleus shrinkage ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Im Ependym des Hypothalamus wurde das Verhalten der Zellkern-Membran nach ausgedehnter intraperitonealer Thiobarbiturat-Narkose untersucht. Die Kernmembran ist gefaltet, der Zellkern zeigt Zeichen von Schrumpfung. Diese Veränderung ist reversibel und wird nicht von der mit der Narkose verbundenen Entwässerung verursacht. Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen lassen einen normalen Stoffwechsel vermuten, Zeichen von Pyknose fehlen.
    Notes: Summary Effects on the nuclear membrane were investigated in hypothalamic ependymal cells of the rat during prolonged intraperitoneal thiobarbiturate narcosis. The nuclear membrane of the nucleus was folded and the nucleus showed signs of shrinkage. These alterations were reversible and did not depend on the dehydration which developed during the narcosis. Ultrastructural signs and the absence of pyknosis suggested that metabolism during nuclear shrinkage may be normal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01033379
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  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An ultrastructural study of the neurosecretory cells of the medial vascular prechiasmatic gland, the preoptic recess and the anterior part of the suprachiasmatic area (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 114 (1971), S. 404-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurosecretory cells ; Rat ; Cytoplasmic bodies resembling nucleoli ; Paranucleolar and coiled bodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A distinctive cytoplasmic inclusion, termed nucleolus-resembling body, was identified in the neurons, but not in the glial cells, of the medial vascular prechiasmatic gland, the preoptic recess and the anterior part of the suprachiasmatic area in the rat. This ultrastructure which lacks a limiting membrane is made of an entanglement of tightly packed filaments, 60–70 Å in diameter. Each filament consists of smaller units, 15–20 Å thick. Usually, only one such ultrastructure is present in a cell, but at time two were identified. It is present in most neurosecretory cells. It is surrounded by polyribosomes in the perikaryon of the nerve cells. Furthermore, it is linked to peripherally located ribosomes by means of filaments, 70 Å in diameter. A possible function in protein synthesis of structural components, such as neurofilaments, is hypothesized. Two distinctive fibrillar areas were identified in the nucleolus according to the tightness with which fibrils were packed together. Their significance is discussed. Nucleolar extrusions were never observed in our studies. Paranucleolar and coiled bodies were identified in the nuclear sap. The mechanism of formation and the significance of these bodies are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00331464
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  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light and electron microscopic autoradiography of substantia nigra of rat after intraventricular administration of tritium labelled norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin and the precursors (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 115 (1971), S. 137-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Substantia nigra ; Rat ; Incorparation of 3H-Dopamine, 3H-Serotonin and 3H-Norepinephrine ; Axo-dendritic Synapses ; Autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In autoradiographies of substantia nigra in rat, it has been observed that after intraventricular injections of 3H-dopamine and 3H-norepinephrine respectively the silvergrains are accumulated in nigra neurons and their dendritic branches. The incorporation was more pronounced in the case of 3H-norepinephrine than 3H-dopamine. This seems to indicate that exogenous norepinephrine may have stronger affinity to nigra neurons and their dendrites than exogenous dopamine. In addition, some 3H-dopamine and 3H-norepinephrine labelled nerve terminals were observed in axo-dendritic synapses. In contrast to these data, 3H-5HTP and 3H-5HT administration showed almost all silver grains accumulated in the neuropil when observed in light microscopic autoradiography. Electron micrographs further reveal that the incorporation of 3H-5HTP and 3H-5HT was mostly within axo-dendritic boutons with more frequent dense core vesicles. These data again strongly suggest that substantia nigra receives a large number of serotoninergic fibres forming axo-dendritic synapses which may play an important role in modulation of substantia nigra function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00330222
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  • 41
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural aspects of the paraventricular nuclei in the rat (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 116 (1971), S. 61-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Paraventricular nucleus ; Rat ; Types of neurons ; TRF-synthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructural aspects of the paraventricular nucleus and its neuropil are described in the normal rat. Two types of neurons can be distinguished morphologically. The first type contains numerous dense-core vesicles (mean diameter: 140 nm). The cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum are arranged parallely at the periphery of the cell body. The second type of neuron contains a few dense-core vesicles (mean diameter: 75 nm) and the endoplasmic reticulum is randomly distributed in the cytoplasm. In the neuropil, two types of dense-core vesicles are observed in separated axons. The histogram of the distribution of their mean diameter clearly indicates a double population of vesicles. The signification of the second type of neuron in the paraventricular nucleus is discussed and its possible relation to TRF synthesis is evoked.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00332858
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  • 42
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Der Geschlechtsdimorphismus der Nebennierenrinde der Ratte (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 116 (1971), S. 119-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenal cortex ; Rat ; Sex difference ; Light microscopy ; Histometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An 260 männlichen und weiblichen Sprague-Daweley-Ratten vom 0. Lebenstag bis zur 12. Lebenswoche wird die geschlechtsdifferente Entwicklung der Nebennierenrinde histologisch und histometrisch verfolgt. Von der 4. Lebenswoche an ist die weibliche Fasciculatazelle durch ein helles, fein-granuläres Cytoplasma ohne distinkt abgrenzbare Fettvakuolen ausgezeichnet, während beim Männchen in einem kompakten Cytoplasma zunehmend größere, deutlich begrenzte Vakuolen auftreten. Im Blindversuch gelingt aufgrund dieser Kriterien die Geschlechtsdiagnose mit großer Treffsicherheit. Nach histometrischen Untersuchungen sind die weiblichen Fasciculatakerne größer als die männlichen. Bei größerem Zellvolumen ist die Kernzahl/Flächeneinheit beim Weibchen von der Pubertät an kleiner. Die Glomerulosa und die inneren Rindenschichten zeigen keine Geschlechtsdifferenzen. Fermenthistochemisch ist eine Geschlechtsdifferenz nicht nachweisbar. Die relative Zellhypertrophie in der Fasciculata der weiblichen Nebennierenrinde ist das morphologische Äquivalent eines geschlechtsdifferenten Steroidmetabolismus bei der Ratte.
    Notes: Summary In 260 male and female Sprague-Dawley CD rats the sex dependent development of the adrenal cortex was studied histologically and by histometric procedures. Beginning in the 4th week of life the parenchymal cells in the fasciculata of the female animals are characterized by a light, finely granular cytoplasm without distinct lipid vacuoles. In the males, however, the cells show a dense, compact cytoplasm with clearly visible vacuoles increasing in size. In a blind test the sex diagnosis can be established with great accuracy. Histometrically the nuclei in the female fasciculata cells are larger than in the males. Furthermore, caused by a larger cell volume the number of nuclei per square unit is smaller in postpuberal females. The glomerulosa and the inner parts of the cortex do not show any sex differences, nor does enzyme histochemistry. The relative cellular hypertrophy in the fasciculata of the female adrenal cortex represents the morphologic equivalent of the sexual differences in the rats steroid metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00332861
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  • 43
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histochemical and chemical studies on pre- and postnatal development of the different systems of “short” and “long” adrenergic neurons in peripheral organs of the rat (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 116 (1971), S. 319-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenergic neurons ; “Short” and “long” systems ; Pre- and postnatal development ; Peripheral organs ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The adrenergic innervation in the submaxillary gland, heart, kidney, small intestine, and accessory male genital organs and the development of the adrenal chromaffin cells and the sympathetic ganglia were studied in the rat from 15 days post coitum to 16 days post partum using the fluorescence histochemical method of Falck and Hillarp. The postnatal development of the noradrenaline concentrations in the heart and vas deferens was followed by fluorometric determinations. At about 15 days post coitum, the anlagen of the sympathetic chains were well visible in the form of two dorsal segmented columns of small branching sympathicoblasts exhibiting an intense catecholamine fluorescence. In the midline, ventrally to these two anlagen, another column of sympathicoblasts developed; this seemed to give rise to the prevertebral ganglia and to the short adrenergic neurons supplying the internal genital organs. At the level of the adrenal anlagen, small intensely fluorescent chromaffin cells were collected in two bilateral groups which became enclosed by adreno-cortical cells. This enclosure was, however, not complete even at two weeks post partum. Bundles of growing sympathetic nerves were visible in the periphery of the various organs studied at 19–21 days post coitum. A terminal innervation of the organs suggestive of a functional transmitter mechanism did not start to establish until at or immediately after birth. The final pattern of innervation was usually reached at about one week post partum, and the following development proceeded largely in the form of a quantitative increase in the number of nerves participating in the innervation apparatus. The adult level of noradrenaline in the heart and vas deferens was reached three to five weeks after birth. The small intestine was an exception in that the final pattern of innervation in the wall was attained immediately after birth. There was no overt difference in the rate of development of the terminal sympathetic innervation in organs supplied by short adrenergic neurons (accessory male genital organs) compared to the innervation of the submaxillary gland, heart and kidney, which receive classical long adrenergic neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00330631
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  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Arterio-venöse Kurzschlüsse mit Klappenmechanismen im Bereich der dorsalen Haut der Rattenhinterpfote (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 118 (1971), S. 243-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Arteriovenous anastomoses ; Valve mechanism ; Rat ; Skin of the paw
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In der dorsalen Haut der Hinterpfoten von Ratten wurden Klappen am Abgang kleinerer Gefäße von großen Arterien beobachtet. Diese Arterien verlaufen in einer subkutanen, größere Gefäße und Nerven führenden Bindegewebsschichte über den Streckersehnen. Die kleineren Gefäße haben den Wandbau einer Vene und zweigen etwa im rechten Winkel von der Arterie ab. An ihrer Abgangsstelle ist neben den Klappen manchmal ein sphinkterartiger Muskelring ausgebildet. Diese Gefäßabschnitte werden für arterio-venöse Anastomosen gehalten und auf die Bedeutung solcher an dieser Stelle bisher nicht beschriebenen Verschlußeinrichtungen für die Regulation der Kurzschlüsse wird hingewiesen.
    Notes: Summary In the dorsal skin of the hindpaws of rats valves were observed at those sites where smaller vessels branched from larger arteries. These arteries run in a subcutaneous layer of connective tissue, which lies above the extensor tendons and in which the larger vessels and nerves are found. These smaller vessels, the walls of which resemble those of veins, were seen branching off at approximate right angles to their artery of origin. Besides the valves a sphincterlike muscle ring was observed in some cases at the point of branching. These vascular segments are held to be arteriovenous anastomoses. Such “locking devices” at these points have not been described until now and seem to be important in the regulation of arteriovenous shunts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00341567
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  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchungen zur Fettresorption im Dünndarm der Ratte, unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Tagesrhythmik (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 119 (1971), S. 334-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Fat absorption ; Small intestine ; Rat ; Micropinocytosis ; Circadian rhythm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Untersuchung will klären, welche Rolle die Mikropinocytose bei der Fettresorption spielt und ob die Fettresorption tagesrhythmische Schwankungen aufweist. Zu diesem Zweck wurde Fett zu verschiedenen Tages- und Nachtzeiten in abgebundene Jejunumabschnitte von Ratten injiziert, das Darmgewebe in verschiedenen Abständen licht- und elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht und die Zahl der mikropinocytotischen Invaginationen der Enterocyten bestimmt. Folgende Resultate wurden erzielt: Die Häufigkeit der Mikropinocytose (mikropinocytotische Invaginationen/100 Mikrovilli) beträgt bei Hungertieren 4,78, bei Normaltieren 5,06, 1 min nach Gabe von Mazolachymus 3,55, 1/16 m NaCl-Lösung 4,37, Butterschmalz 5,50, Rindertalg 7,16, Schweineschmalz 7,66 und Mazola 9,25; 2 1/2 min nach Mazolagabe 8,23, nach 5 min 7,67, nach 10 min 6,76. Zwischen 10 und 15 min wird der Ausgangswert erreicht. Aufgrund statistischer Auswertung der Befunde wird geschlossen, daß Fett vor allem in den Frühstadien der Fettresorption durch Mikropinocytose aufgenommen werden könnte. Ferner zeigt sich, daß die Mikropinocytosehäufigkeit entscheidend von der chemischen Zusammensetzung und dem physikalischchemischen Zustand der verabreichten Fette beeinflußt werden dürfte. — Lichtmikroskopisch wurde nachgewiesen, daß die Fettresorption charakteristische, tagesrhythmische Schwankungen aufweist. Um 2.00 Uhr ist sie am stärksten, um 14.00 Uhr am geringsten. Es wird diskutiert, worauf die tagesrhythmischen Unterschiede zurückzuführen sind.
    Notes: Summary The present study attempts to elucidate (a) to what extent micropinocytosis is involved in the process of fat absorption and (b) whether fat absorption shows a circadian rhythm. For this purpose rats were given 0.1 to 0.15 ml of fat directly into the upper jejunum at various times of the day and night. 20 sec to 20 min after administration of fat small pieces of the jejunum were rapidly dissected out, the tissue examined by means of light- and electron microscopy, and the number of micropinocytotic pits occurring in the enterocytes during fat absorption was determined. The following results were obtained: The frequency of micropinocytosis (micropinocytotic pits/100 microvilli) is as follows: in starved rats 4.78, in normal rats 5.06, 1 min after administration of corn oil chyme 3.55, 1/16 m NaCl-solution 4.37, clarified butter 5.50, ox tallow 7.16, lard 7.66, corn oil 9.25; 2 1/2 min after administration of corn oil 8.23, after 5 min 7.67, and after 10 min 6.76. Between 10 and 15 min the number of micropinocytotic pits reverses to normal. From statistical analysis of the results it is concluded that micropinocytosis can play a significant role in the early stages of fat absorption. The experiments show in addition that micropinocytosis is greatly influenced by the chemical composition and the physico-chemical state of the administered fat.—Light microscopic studies indicate that fat absorption varies considerably during the 24 hr period. The highest absorption was found at 2 a.m., the lowest at 2 p.m.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431292
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  • 46
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural studies on the hypothalamic neurosecretory neurones of the rat (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 122 (1971), S. 283-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Paraventricular nucleus ; Rat ; Synthesis of hormones ; Acid phosphatase ; Osmium impregnation ; Neurosecretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructural features of the paraventricular neurones of the non-treated rat are presented comparing them with those of the supraoptic neurones. No striking differences are seen between the general electron microscopic characteristics of the paraventricular and supraoptic neurones. The importance of adequate fixation to obtain good preservation of the neurones is emphasized, since inadequate fixation can cause e.g. artefactual appearance of “dark neurones”. The previously presented classification of the neurosecretory neurones into two categories (e.g. “light and dark neurones”) on the basis of the number of ribosomes is not considered justifiable, since their number can vary to a very great extent even within a single cell. The synthesis of neurosecretory products in the paraventricular neurones obviously follows the general mode of the synthesis of secretory proteins: ribosomes—RER—Golgi complex—secretory vesicles. On the basis of the localization of heavy metal deposits after osmium impregnation and demonstration of acid phosphatase the Golgi complex of the paraventricular neurones is found to be polarized. The direction of the polarity is discussed. The substructures of the dense cores of the neurosecretory granules and of the contents of the lysosomal dense bodies are nearly identical. Therefore it is considered impossible to determine positively the nature of the dark condensed material within the Golgi complex. The characteristics of the immature neurosecretory granules and the possibility of releasing neurosecretory products into the cytoplasm already within the perikarya are speculated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00935990
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  • 47
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A two-filament system and interaction of heavy meromyosin (HMM) with thin filaments in smooth muscle (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 122 (1971), S. 350-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Smooth muscle ; Two-filament system ; Small intestine ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The structure of glycerinated smooth muscle from small intestine of adult rat was investigated by electron microscopy. In the central parts of the tissue blocks a two-filament system was found, consisting of parallel thick and thin filaments with regularly spaced interconnections, closely resembling that of striated muscle. In the peripheral parts of the blocks only thin filaments were found. The thin filaments were identified as actin by the formation of arrowhead complexes after incubation with heavy meromyosin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00935994
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  • 48
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    Electronic Resource
    The brain specific proteins S100 and 14.3.2 in experimental brain tumors of the rat (1971)
    Springer
    Clinical and experimental medicine 156 (1971), S. 237-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1591-9528
    Keywords: Nervous system ; Man ; Rat ; Spontaneous and experimental tumors ; Brain specific proteins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Primary tumors of the nervous system in rats induced by weekly administration of 6 mg/kg N-methylnitrosourea and spontaneous human brain tumors were investigated comparatively using immunoprecipitation technique. It is shown that two proteins antigenically identical with the specific glia proteins S100 and 14.3.2 are present in spontaneous as well as in experimental gliomas and schwannomas. These results demonstrate that the model of experimental tumors of the nervous system in rats is practicable for comparative morphological and biochemical studies of tumors of glial and schwann cell origin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02047353
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  • 49
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphologisches und cytochemisches Verhalten von menschlichem Prostatagewebe nach Heterotransplantation (1971)
    Springer
    Clinical and experimental medicine 155 (1971), S. 253-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1591-9528
    Keywords: Heterotransplantation ; Human prostate ; Rat ; Antilymphocytic serum ; Heterotransplantation ; Menschliche Prostata ; Ratte ; Antilymphocytenserum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mit dem Ziel, neue Voraussetzungen für experimentelle, histologische und biologische Untersuchungen der menschlichen Prostata zu schaffen, haben wir humanes Prostataadenomgewebe in die Oberschenkelmuskulatur neonataler Ratten verpflanzt. Die notwendige Immunsuppression wurde durch subcutane Injektion von Antilymphocytenserum erzielt. 3 Wochen nach der Heterotransplantation entsprach das histologische Bild eines Teils des implantierten Prostataadenomgewebes weitgehend dem Originalgewebe. Ebenso verhielten sich histochemischer Reaktionsausfall und Verteilungsmuster der sauren Phosphatase, der unspezifischen Esterase und der Succinodehydrogenase. Daneben wurden metaplastische Drüsenstrukturen angetroffen, die durch einen Aktivitätsabfall der untersuchten Enzyme gekennzeichnet waren.
    Notes: Summary Under the effect of antilymphocytic serum as an immunsuppressive regime it was possible to transplant human adenomatous prostatic grafts in neonatal rats. On the one hand the histological and histochemical examination of the grafts proved the maintenance of vitality and integrity of the prostatic tissue up to 3 weeks after heterologous transplantation. On the other hand metaplastic changes in the glandular epithelium accompanied with diminished enzymatic activity was also observed in a part of the grafted tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02047614
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  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Struktur-Reaktivitätsuntersuchungen mit heterosubstituierten Nitrilen. IV. Kinetik und Mechanismus der gekoppelten Additionen von N-Methylanilin und Phenolen an Arylcyanate (1971)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 313 (1971), S. 58-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bei der gemeinsamen Einwirkung von Phenolen und N-Methylanilin auf Arylcyanate katalysieren die Phenole die N-Methylanilin-Addition zu Isoharnstoffen und N-Methylanilin die Phenol-Addition zu Kohlensäure-diesterimiden. Die Reaktionen verlaufen über sechsgliedrige übergangszustände und sind durch stark negative Aktivierungsentropien (≈ -43 cal/Mol · grd) gekennzeichnet. Substituenteneffekte wirken sich unterschiedlich aus. Bei substituierten Arylcyanaten ist die Elektrophilie der OCN-Gruppe, bei substituierten Phenolen die Stärke der Assoziate maßgebend für die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit. In den letzteren Fällen lassen sich daher die Additionsgeschwindigkeiten durch lineare Beziehungen der Form lg k = a · Δ\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \widetilde{v} $\end{document}OH - b beschreiben.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19713130107
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  • 51
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    Electronic Resource
    Zum sterischen Verlauf asymmetrischer Induktionen. I. Beziehungen der Konstitution und Konfiguration zwischen rac. α-Alkylamino-propiophenonen und ihren Reduktionsprodukten (1971)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 313 (1971), S. 1-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Nach bisherigen Ergebnissen entstehen aus Mono- und Dialkylaminopropiophenonen durch Reduktion entsprechende α-Aminoalkohole der erythro-Konfiguration. Aus vergleichenden Untersuchungen an Modellketonen mit verzweigten Alkylresten am Stickstoffatom geht der Zusammenhang zwischen diesen Strukturelementen am Asymmetriezentrum mit der sterischen Richtung der asymmetrischen Induktion und den Modellen vom Reaktionsmechanismus hervor. Die Diskussion führt zu folgender Voraussage: α-Dialkylamino-pro-piophenone mit normalen oder einfach verzweigten Alkylresten (z.B. Isopropylrest) werden zu erythro-Epimeren reduziert. Wenn am dialkylierten Stickstoffatom ein Alkylrest mit einem tertiären Kohlenstoffatom (z.B. tert.-Butylrest) gebunden ist, erhält man Reduktionsprodukte der threo-Konfiguration.
    Additional Material: 10 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19713130102
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  • 52
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    Electronic Resource
    Kinetische Untersuchung der bei den Umsetzungen von Phenolen mit Phosphoroxidchlorid ablaufenden konkurrierenden Folgereaktionen (1971)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 313 (1971), S. 69-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Kinetik der Umsetzungen von Phenolen mit Phosphoroxidchlorid bzw. den entsprechenden Phosphorsäure-arylesterchloriden wurde durch volumetrische Verfolgung des freigesetzten Chlorwasserstoffes untersucht. Die Geschwindigkeitskonstanten wurden mit Hilfe digitaler Rechenprogramme bzw. durch Simulierung des Reaktionsystems auf einem Analogrechner bestimmt.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19713130108
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  • 53
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Kinetik der Spaltung der Phosphor-Kohlenstoff-Bindung in Aroyl-Phosphonsäurediäthylestern (1971)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 313 (1971), S. 83-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Kinetik der zu Benzoat-Ionen und Phosphorigsäurediäthylester führenden Spaltung der Phosphor-Kohlenstoff-Bindung von Aroylphosphonsäurediäthylestern läßt sich in Dioxan-Phosphatpuffer-Lösungen mittels einer spektralphotometrischen Meßmethodik verfolgen. Für p-Methylbenzoyl-, Benzoyl- und p-Chlorbenzoyl-phosphonsäurediäthylester 2a-c werden die Geschwindigkeitskonstanten und Aktivierungsparameter der P-C-Bindungsspaltung für unterschiedliche Mischungsverhältnisse des Lösungsmittelsystems im pH-Bereich 5 bis 8 bei Temperaturen zwischen 20° und 40° angegeben. Die pH- und Lösungsmittelabhängigkeit der Spaltungsgeschwindigkeit, der durch die HAMMETT-Beziehung beschreibbare Substituenteneinfluß auf die Geschwindigkeitskonstante, die Korrelation der k-Werte mit den polarographischen Halbstufenpotentialen der Reduktion von 2a-c sowie die UV-Spektren dieser Substrate werden diskutiert. Auf Grund des experimentellen Nachweises der allgemeinen Basenkatalyse in SÖRENSEN-Phosphatpuffer-Lösungen wird als geschwindigkeitsbestimmender Schritt der Spaltung die Lösung der P—C-Bindung, die die Deprotonierung eines Substrat-Wasser-Adduktes einschließt, vorgeschlagen.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19713130109
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    Heterocyclic azo dyes. III. Azo Dyes Containing the Benzo-1,2,3-thiadiazole Nucleus (1971)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 313 (1971), S. 129-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis, some dyeing and fastness properties of several new dispersed and acid dyes derived from 5-amino-benzo-1,2,3-thiadiazole are described. Comparison between the dyeing properties of some synthesised dyes and other similar dyes is also given.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19713130113
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  • 55
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    Zum Mechanismus der Oxydation mit Permanganat in alkalischer Lösung. II Oxydation tertiärer C—H-Bindungen (1971)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 313 (1971), S. 153-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Als Modellreaktionen zur Aufklärung der Kinetik und des Mechanismus der Oxydation tertiärer C—H-Bindungen durch Permanganat in alkalischen Lösungen wurde die Oxydation von Diphenylessigsäure untersucht. Es wurde gezeigt, daß bis zu Laugenkonzentrationen von etwa 1 m ein Mechanismus unter direktem oxydativen Angriff des Permanganats auf die tertiäre C—H-Bindung überwiegt und im geschwindigkeitsbestimmenden Schritt eine H—übertragung erfolgt. Die Geschwindigkeitskonstante beträgt 3,3 · 10-3 1 mol-1 s-1 bei 20°C und der kinetische Deuteriumisotopieeffekt 7,8.Mit steigender Laugenkonzentration wird in zunehmendem Maße ein radikalischer Mechanismus unter Beteiligung von OH-Radikalen wirksam. Dies drückt sich in einer charakteristischen Zunahme der Geschwindigkeitskonstanten mit steigender Laugenkonzentration sowie in einer Abnahme des kinetischen Isotopieeffektes aus.Es wird eine Variante zur kinetischen Analyse der beiden Mechanismen angegeben und die Geschwindigkeitskonstante für die Reaktion der OH-Radikale mit der tertiären C—H-Bindung zu 1,4 · 107 1 mol-1 s-1 bei 20°C bestimmt.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19713130116
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  • 56
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    Alkoholysis Reactions of Hexaalkoxy Dititanium Alkylene-bis(acetoacetates) (1971)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 313 (1971), S. 174-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19713130119
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  • 57
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    Co-ordination Complexes of Tungsten-oxy-dichloride Dialkoxides, molybdenum-oxy-dichloride dialkoxides and molybdenum tri-chloride dialkoxides with 1,10-phenanthroline (1971)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 313 (1971), S. 187-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19713130121
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    Masthead (1971)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 313 (1971) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19713130201
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  • 59
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    Nitrovinylverbindungen. I. Dinitroalkadiene als thermische Abbauprodukte von MANNICH-Basen-dihydrochloriden (1971)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 313 (1971), S. 205-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Durch Aminomethylierung von α,ω-Dinitroalkanen entstehen symmetrische Bis-MANNICH-Basen, die nach Überführung in ihre Dihydrochloride zu Dinitroalkadienen thermolysiert werden. Zur Struktursicherung dienen NMR-Spektren und die Addition von p-Toluidin.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19713130203
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  • 60
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    Dehydrierung 1-substituierter Pyrazolidone-(3) in Gegenwart von Formaldehyd und sekundären Aminen (1971)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 313 (1971), S. 236-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Dehydrierung der N-MANNICH-Derivate 2 1-substituierter Pyrazolidone-(3) ergibt C-MANNICH-Derivate 5 1-substituierter 3-Hydroxy-pyrazole. Die Ausbeute an 5 ist quantitativ, wenn der 1-Substituent Aryl ist und nimmt mit zunehmender Zahl der α-H-Atome im 1-Substituenten ab. Als Nebenprodukte entstehen 1-Alkyliden- bzw. 1-Aralkyliden-pyrazolidon-(3)-N1⊕,N2⊖-betaine (Azomethinimine) 6. 5 erhält man auch direkt aus 1-substituierten Pyrazolidonen-(3), Formaldehyd, sekundären Aminen und Jod. NMR-, IR-Spektren und Reaktionsmechanismen werden diskutiert. 1-Cyclohexylpyrazolidon-(3) 1 b wird von Jod zu 3-Hydroxy-1-cyclohexylpyrazol 3c und dem Azomethinimin 6c dehydriert, mit Brom entsteht außerdem 4-Brom-3-hydroxy-pyrazol 4c.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19713130207
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  • 61
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    α-Substituierte Phosphonate. XII. Zur Reaktivität von Acetalen des Formylphosphonsäureesters (1971)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 313 (1971), S. 265-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Alkyl- und Arylacetale 1 des Formylphosphonsäurediäthylesters wurden in wäßrigem bzw. nichtwäßrigem Medium mit HCl order HBr umgesetzt, wobei je nach eingesetztem 1 Spaltung der P-C-Bindung bzw. Entalkylierung der Phosphonsäureestergruppen beobachtet wurde. Glatte P — C-Spaltung trat auch beim Erwärmen des Diäthylacetals 1a mit Brenzcatechin ein. - Durch Umsetzung von 1a, b bzw. 1 d mit Na-Äthylat wurden die Na-Salze der entsprechenden Monoester von 1 erhalten, die sich zu gemischten Diestern 12 alkylieren bzw. mit Säure in die Phosphonsäuremonoester 5 überführen ließen. Aus den Arylderivaten 5b und 5c wurden die Säurechloride 14b und c gewonnen. 14b gab mit Phenylmagnesiumbromid das Phosphinsäurederivat 17c. - Mit PCl5 reagierten die Ester-acetale 1 nicht unter Bildung der Phosphonsäuredichloride, sondern wiederum unter Spaltung der P—C-Bindung.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19713130211
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    The STOBBE Condensation, Part IX. The cyclisation of (E)-3-Methoxycarbonyl-4-(5′-methyl-2′-thienyl)-but-3-enoic acidi.e., COOCH3 group and thiophen ring in trans-position. The nomenclature of cis/trans isomers used herein follows the IUPAC 1968 Tentative Rules, Section E, Fundamental Stereochemistry, J. org. Chemistry 35, 2849 (1970). See also: J. E. BLACKWOOD, C. L. GLADYS, K. L. LOENING, A. E. PETRARCA, and J. E. RUSH, J. Amer. chem. Soc. 90, 510 (1968); Introduction to Subject Index of Chem. Abstr. 66 (1963)., and α,β-bis-(5-methyl thenylidene)-succinic anhydride, to benzothiophen derivatives (1971)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 313 (1971), S. 247-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The condensation of 5-methyl-thiophen-2-aldehyde with dimethyl succinate in the presence of potassium t-butoxide or sodium hydride gave predominantly (E)-3-methoxy-carbonyl-4-(5′-methyl-2′-thienyl)-but-3-enoic acid 1a, whose configuration is proved by cyclisation with sodium acetate in acetic anhydride to the corresponding benzothiophen derivatives 2. Alcoholysis of the derived (E)-carboxy-4-(5′-methyl-2′-thienyl)-but-3-enoic anhydride 3 gives the half-ester 1c which is isomeric with the half-ester 1a. Condensation also gave the α,β-bis-(5-methyl thenylidene)-succinic acid 4a in small amounts. The derived anhydride 5 yields on pyrolysis 4-(5′methyl-2′-thienyl)-2-methyl-benzothiophen-5,6-dicarboxylic anhydride 6.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19713130208
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  • 63
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    Der elektronenstoßinduzierte Abbau von Tetraalkoxysilanen (1971)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 313 (1971), S. 357-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Zerfallsreaktionen der Tetraalkoxysilane Si[—O—(CH2)nCH3]4 (n = 0-4) und Si[—O—(CH2)nCH(CH3)2]4 (n = 0, 1, 2) bei Elektronenstoß in der Ionenquelle des Massenspektrometers werden wiedergegeben. Sie bestehen im Abbau der primär durch Fragmentierung aus dem Molekülionen gebildeten Ionen (Alkyl-O-)3Si+ und (Alkyl-O-)3Si—OCH2+. Diese Abbaureaktionen sind Folgen von Wasserstoffumlagerungen, in deren Verlauf Aldehyd- und Olefinabspaltungen miteinander konkurrieren. Im allgemeinen überwiegt die Olefinabspaltung. Die Besonderheiten dieser Reaktionen bei der Fragmentierung der verschiedenen Tetraalkoxysilane werden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19713130221
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    Masthead (1971)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 313 (1971) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19713130401
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  • 65
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    Beitrag zur katalytischen Veresterung von Carbonsäuresalzen mit Alkylhalogeniden (1971)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 313 (1971), S. 561-568 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Herstellung von Estern aus Alkalisalzen verschiedener Carbonsäuren mit Alkylhalogeniden in Gegenwart von tertiären Aminen oder quartären Ammoniumsalzen wird am Modellbeispiel Natriumbenzoat/Benzylchlorid/Triäthylamin untersucht und die Abhängigkeit der Reaktion von verschiedenen Parametern bestimmt. Die Ergebnisse sind durch die Annahme einer zusätzlichen Reaktionsphase an der Festkörperoberfläche erklärbar. Als Katalysator wirkt das quartäre Ammoniumion, tertiäre Amine sind nur als Vorstufe anzusehen.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19713130402
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  • 66
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    Reactivity of the exocyclic double bond in 4-arylidene-2-phenyl-2-imidazolin-5-ones toward organomagnesium compounds. II (1971)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 313 (1971), S. 594-601 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 4-Arylidene-2-phenyl-2-imidazolin-5-ones 1 react with Grignard reagents in a boiling ether-benzene mixture to yield 4-diarylmethyl derivatives 2 together with their oxidation products 3 and 4. The exocyclic double bond in 5 also undergoes addition reaction with the same reagents to yield 4-triarylmethyl derivatives 6. Alkylation of 2 affords the 4-alkylimidazolones 7 and 8.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19713130406
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  • 67
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    Spektrale Eigenschaften einiger Glucopyranoside und 2-Desoxyribofuranoside tautomeriefähiger π-Mangel-Heteroaromaten (1971)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 313 (1971), S. 614-625 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Titelverbindungen wurden NMR-, UV- und CD-spektroskopisch untersucht. An Hand der chemischen Verschiebung der Protonen des Zuckerrestes wurde für alle untersuchten N-β-D-Glucopyranoside eine anti-Konformation nachgewiesen. Das Vorzeichen der Cotton-Effekte der Glucopyranoside und Desoxyribofuranoside hängt außer von der Konfiguration wesentlich von der Struktur des Aglykons ab. Veränderungen in unmittelbarer Nähe des glykosidischen Stickstoffatoms (6-Azathymin- und Pyridazon-(3)-Derivate) führen zu einer Umkehr des Vorzeichens der Cotton-Effekte.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19713130409
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  • 68
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    Fragmentierung von N-Chlor-azocarbonamiden (1971)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 313 (1971), S. 642-645 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Phenylazocarbonamide liefern nach N-Chlorierung mit tert.-Butylhypochlorit in Chloroform in einer Fragmentierungsreaktion kristallines Phenyldiazoniumchlorid 4 in hoher Ausbeute. Auch N-Chlor-cyclohexyl-azocarbonamid ist fragmentierbar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19713130412
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  • 69
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    Zur Alkylierung des Ammoniaks und einiger seiner Derivate durch o-Xylylendihalogenide (1971)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 313 (1971), S. 686-698 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Umsetzung von o-Xylylendihalogeniden mit Ammoniak und einigen seiner Derivate (Benzylamin, N,N-Diphenylhydrazin, Carbonsäurehydrazide, Harnstoff, Cyanamid) liefert Isoindolin 2, 2-substituierte Isoindolin- und o-Xylylendiaminderivate.Eine neue Methode zur Darstellung von 2 aus o-Xylylendihalogeniden und Cyanamid wird beschrieben.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19713130416
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    Reactions with 2-thiazolin-5-ones. III. The behaviour of 4-Arylazo-2-alkoxy-2-thiazolin-5-ones toward amines and Grignard reagents (1971)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 313 (1971), S. 706-714 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Treatment of 4-arylazo-2-alkoxy-2-thiazolin-5-ones 4a-f with glycine or phenylhydrazine effects their conversion into 1-aryl-5-alkoxy-1 H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxylic acid derivatives 5a-j, with the loss of hydrogen sulfide. On the other hand, the reaction of the 2-ethoxy (4a-c) and the 2-isopropyloxy (4g-i) derivatives with strong basic amines involves the loss of an alkyl mercaptan to yield the N-substituted amines 7d-j of 1-aryl-Δ2-1,2,4-triazolin-5-one-3-carboxylic acids. The 2-benzyloxy derivatives 4d-f react with the same reagents to give the N-substituted amides 2a-g of 1-aryl-Δ2-1,2,4-triazolin-5-thione-3-carboxylic acids, with the loss of benzyl alcohol.Hetero-ring opening of 4, followed by recyclisation, occurs upon treatment with ethyl or phenyl magnesium halides to yield the triazolinethione derivatives 13 a-c.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19713130418
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    Kationische Farbstoffe und Vorstufen. VI. Versuche zur Cyclisierung von S-Ketomethylen-sowie o-Hydroxyphenyl-thiolester-Derivaten zu 1,3-Oxathiolium- bzw. 1,3-Dithiolium-Salzen (1971)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 313 (1971), S. 722-729 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wird über Versuche zur Synthese von 1,3-Oxathiolium-Salzen aus S-Ketomethylen sowie o-Hydroxyphenyl-thiolester-Derivaten berichtet. Die Salze bilden sich nur bei der Einwirkung von starken Mineralsäuren (HClO4) auf o-Hydroxyphenyl-thiolester bzw. auf ihre zugehörigen Ausgangsverbindungen, während unter gleichen Bedingungen die entsprechenden S-Ketomethylenderivate nicht reagieren. Diese cyclisieren dafür aber in Gegenwart überschüssiger Thiosäuren zu 1,3-Dithiolium-Salzen, deren Struktur, ebenso wie die der 1,3-Oxathiolium-Salze, an Hand analytischer und spektroskopischer Daten gesichert wurde.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19713130420
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  • 72
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    Synthese und Reaktivität von 6-Fluor-thymin (1971)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 313 (1971), S. 602-606 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ausgehend von 2,4,6-Trichlor-5-methyl-pyrimidin läßt sich über 2,4,6-Trifluor-5-methyl-pyrimidin und 5-Methyl-2,4-dibenzyloxy-6-fluor-pyrimidin durch nachfolgende Abhydrierung der Benzylgruppen 6-Fluor-thymin in guter Ausbeute gewinnen. Die Verbindung ist im Gegensatz zu 6-Fluor-uracil in wäßriger Lösung stabil und daher als biologisch aktive Substanz einsetzbar. Mit NH3 oder Benzylamin reagiert 6-Fluor-thymin leicht zu 6-Amino- bzw. 6-Benzylamino-thymin.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19713130407
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    Kationische Farbstoffe und Vorstufen. VIII. Synthese von Kondensierten 1,3-Oxathiolium-Salzen durch Umsetzung von Chinonen mit aromatischen Thioamiden (1971)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 313 (1971), S. 737-744 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Durch Umsetzung von Chinonen mit N,N-disubstituierten Aryl-thioamiden in Gegenwart saurer Kondensationsmittel wird ein neuer Typ farbiger heterocyclischer Verbindungen mit kondensiertem 1,3-Oxathiolium-System erhalten. Es wird über die optimalen Herstellungsbedingungen sowie über einige charakteristische Spektraldaten dieser Verbindungsklasse berichtet.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19713130422
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  • 74
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    Steroide. XXIX. Addition von N-Chlorurethan und N, N-Dichlorurethan an Steroidolefine sowie Umsetzung der Additionsprodukte zu Äthoxycarbonylaziridinen und Aziridinen (1971)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 313 (1971), S. 811-816 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Durch radikalische Addition von N-Chlorurethan und N,N-Dichlorurethan an Cholesten-(2), Cholesterylacetat und Androstenolonacetat erhält man die entsprechenden vicinalen Chlorurethane, die mit Alkali zu Carbäthoxyaziridinen und Aziridinen umgesetzt werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19713130505
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  • 75
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    Preparation and Electronic Spectra of Mercaptoacetamides (1971)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 313 (1971), S. 849-854 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new method for preparing 2-mercaptoacetamide and N-alkyl-2-mercaptoacetamides has been described. Electronic spectra of sixteen N-alkyl and N-aryl-2-mercaptoacetamides have been compared with corresponding substituted acetamides and discussed. The results reveal the possibility of an intra-molecular hydrogen-bonding between —NH hydrogen and sulphur of —SH group.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19713130509
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  • 76
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    Die Synthese von 1-Amino-4-aryl-1,2,3-triazolen aus α-Brom-und α,α-Dibromcarbonylverbindungen (1971)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 313 (1971), S. 882-888 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Sowohl durch Umsetzung von α-Brommethyl- als auch von α,α-Dibrommethyl-aryl-ketonen mit Hydrazin lassen sich 1-Amino-4-aryl-1,2,3-triazole darstellen, deren reduktive Desaminierung 1-H-4-Aryl-1,2,3-triazole liefert.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19713130513
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  • 77
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    Zur Kenntnis der Infrarotspektren einiger ArsonsäurenMitteilung Nr. 212 aus dem Forschungsinstitut für Aufbereitung Freiberg/Sa. (1971)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 313 (1971), S. 889-898 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Infrarotspektren von Butan-, Hexan,- Heptan-, Octan- und Decanarsonsäure sowie von Phenyl-, o-Methylphenyl-, p-Methylphenyl-, p-Äthylphenyl- und p-Diphenyl-arsonsäure werden im Bereich von 400-3500 cm-1 mitgeteilt und die Frequenzen zugeordnet. In den Spektren der Alkanarsonsäuren können im üblichen Erwartungsbereich keine As—C-Valenzschwingungen nachgewiesen werden. Die Bindung eines Phenylringes an den Arsonsäurerest macht die Spektren im Gebiet der AsO-Valenzfrequenzen unübersichtlich. Die Unterscheidung dieser Banden von den CH-out-of-plane-Schwingungen ist unsicher.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19713130514
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  • 78
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    Beitrag zur Ermittlung der absoluten Konfiguration der Sulfinyl-Gruppe bei Sulfoxiden von S-alkylierten L-Cystein-DerivatenVerwendete Abkürzungen: S—Me-Cys(O): S-Methyl-L-cysteinsulfoxid, N∊—Ac—Tlys(O): N8-Acetyl-L-thialysinsulfoxid.Herrn Prof. Dr. Horst Hanson zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet (1971)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 313 (1971), S. 1092-1100 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Konfigurationszuordnung für die Sulfinylgruppe von Sulfoxiden S-alkylierter L-Cystein-Derivate kann, da in dieser Reihe ein Standard existiert, durch Vergleich der ORD- und CD-Spektren, aber auch durch Vergleich enzymkinetischer Daten erfolgen. Das Verhalten bei Ionenaustausch und Chromatographie läßt ebenfalls Schlüsse auf die Absolutkonfiguration am asymmetrischen Schwefelatom zu.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19713130613
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  • 79
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    Kationische Farbstoffe und Vorstufen. XV. Synthese von 2-Dialkylamino-thiapyryliumsalzen durch Reaktion von β-Chlorvinyl-methin-immoniumsalzen mit substituierten Thioacetamiden (1971)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 313 (1971), S. 1113-1117 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Durch Umsetzung von β-Chlorvinyl-methin-immoniumsalzen mit N, N-disubstituierten Thioacetamiden in Essigsäureanhydrid entstehen die neuartigen 2-Dialkylamino-thiapyryliumsalze 10. Diese reagieren mit CH-aciden Verbindungen zu substituierten 2-Methylen-2H-thiapyranen 11. Die UV-S-Absorptionen der Verbindungen 10 und 11 werden mitgeteilt.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19713130616
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  • 80
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    Reactions of 4-Benzylidene-3-methyl-5-oxopyrazoline, pyrazole blue, and rubazoic acid with GRIGNARD reagents (1971)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 313 (1971), S. 1143-1147 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: While 4-benzylidene-3-methyl-5-oxopyrazoline 1 and pyrazole blue 2 with GRIGNARD reagents gave 1,4-addition, rubazoic acid 3 gave 1, 2-addition on both sides with ethylmagnesium bromide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19713130621
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  • 81
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    Isothiocyanate. XXV. Umsetzungen von Benzoylisothiocyanat mit Amino-N-heterocyclen (1971)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 313 (1971), S. 1148-1154 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Benzoylisothiocyanat reagiert mit Amino-N-heterocyclen zu N-heterocyclisch-, N′-benzoyl-substituierten Thioharnstoffen 1a-j. In einigen Fällen entstehen zugleich die Benzoylderivate der Amino-heterocyclen 2a, b sowie azakondensierte 2-Thion-1,3,5-triazine 3a, b. Geeignete heterocyclische Thioharnstoffe 4b, f, h lassen sich durch Brom zu 1,2,4-thiadiazolo-anellierten Heterocyclen 5a-c cyclisieren.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19713130622
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  • 82
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    A study of Magnetic Behaviour of Certain Liquid Mixtures of Cyclohexane (1971)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 313 (1971), S. 1178-1180 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19713130625
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  • 83
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    Zur quantenchemischen Berechnung von NMR-Parametern auf der Basis des CNDO/2-Verfahrens (1971)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 313 (1971), S. 1070-1080 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Am Beispiel einfacher Methylverbindungen CH3X wurden aus Eigenvektoren und Eigenwerten von Allvalenzelektronenrechnungen in CNDO/2-Näherung Größen berechnet, die der 13C—H-, der geminalen H—H-Kopplungskonstante bzw. der 13C-chemischen Verschiebung der Methylgruppen proportional sein sollen. Die theoretischen Größen werden mit den entsprechenden experimentellen Werten verglichen. Güte und Grenzen der Näherungsverfahren werden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19713130611
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  • 84
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    Quantenchemische Untersuchungen an Farbstoffaggregaten. I. Allvalenzelektronen-SCF-Berechnungen am Trimethincyanin und Doppelmolekülmodellen (1971)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 313 (1971), S. 1101-1109 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mit einem Allvalenzelektronen-SCF-Verfahren - der INDO-Methode - wird die Elektronenstruktur des Tri- und Pentamethincyanins untersucht. An ausgewählten Modellen wird für die möglichen geometrischen Anordnungen der Trimethincyanin-Einzelmoleküle in Doppelmolekülen die relative energetische Stabilität abgeschätzt. Die Berechnungen bestätigen die schon früher festgestellte starke Ladungsalternation und einen weitestgehenden Bindungsausgleich entlang der Polymethinkette. Die Elektronendichteverteilung wird duch die Zusammenlagerung von Trimethincyaninmolekülen zu Doppelmolekülen wenig verändert. Das Modell mit einer „mauerwerkartigen“ Anordnung erweist sich als das stabilste.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19713130614
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  • 85
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    Die Synthese von 3(5)-Hydroxy-pyrazol sowie von 5-Hydroxy-1-methyl- und 5-Hydroxy-1-cyclohexyl-pyrazol (1971)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 313 (1971), S. 1118-1124 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Eine auf Acrylnitril und Hydrazin basierende Synthese von 3(5)-Hydroxy-pyrazol 5a durch Sulfinateliminierung aus 1-(p-Toluolsulfonyl)-pyrazolidon-(3) in nicht-wäßrigem Milieu wird beschrieben. Die Methylierung von 5a liefert Gemische von 5-Hydroxy-1-methyl-pyrazol 5b und 1,2-Dimethyl-pyrazolon-(3) 7. 5b wird chemisch eindeutig durch Sulfinateliminierung aus 2-Methyl-1-(p-toluolsulfonyl)-pyrazolidon-(3), 5-Hydroxy-1-cyclohexyl-pyrazol durch Dehydrieren von 2-Cyclohexyl-pyrazolidon-(3) gewonnen. Die Methylierung von 5a mit 2 Mol p-Toluolsulfonsäure-methylester in DMF liefert in guter Ausbeute 7, analog ergibt 3(5)-Hydroxy-5(3)-methyl-pyrazol 1,2,5-Trimethyl-pyrazolon-(3).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19713130617
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  • 86
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    Umsetzungen mit RhodanaminHerrn Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. Alfred Rieche zum 70. Geburtstag in Verehrung gewidmet (1971)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 313 (1971), S. 1125-1130 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Phenol und Anilin werden durch Rhodanamin 1 in para-Stellung rhodaniert, p-Toluidin in ortho-Stellung. Acetophenon ergibt unter Verbrauch von zwei Mol 1 2-Amino-4-phenyl-5-rhodano-thiazol 6. Von β-Dicarbonylverbindungen abgeleitete Enamine 7 a, b, c werden zu Rhodan-enaminen 8 a, b, c rhodaniert, aus denen leicht Amino-thiazole, das Dithiin 10 und das Thiazolon 11 erhalten werden können.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19713130618
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  • 87
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    Relation between chemical Structure and Absorption Spectra of Monoazo Dyes containing the benzo(b)thiophene nucleus and its derivatives (1971)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 313 (1971), S. 1131-1138 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The ultraviolet and visible absorption spectra of some azo dyes containing the benzo(b)-thiophene, benzo(b)thiophene-1,1-dioxide and 2,3-dihydrobenzo(b)thiophene-1,1-dioxide moieties are investigated in correlation to their molecular structure. It was found that the position of absorption bands depends upon the type of moieties attached to the azo centre.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19713130619
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  • 88
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    Berichtigung. „Gekoppelte Addition von substituierten N-Methylanilinen und Phenol an Phenylcyanat“ (1971)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 313 (1971), S. 1184-1184 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19713130627
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  • 89
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    Solanum-Alkaloide. XCIV. Partialsynthese von Solacongestidin aus Solasodin (1971)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 313 (1971), S. 45-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wird eine Reaktionsfolge zur partialsynthetischen Umwandlung des Steroidalkaloids Solasodin in Solacongestidin beschrieben.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19713130105
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  • 90
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    Solanum-Alkaloide. XCV. Röntgenkristallstrukturanalyse eines 3β, 16α, 20-tri-hydroxylierten 22, 26-Epimino-5α-cholestan-Derivats (1971)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 313 (1971), S. 51-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Durch Röntgenkristallstrukturanalyse des entsprechenden Hydrojodids wird die früher abgeleitete Konstitution des 3β, 16α, 20-trihydroxylierten 22, 26-Epimino-5α-cholestan-Derivats 1 bestätigt und die Stereochemie der stickstoffhaltigen Seitenkette als (22S : 25S) ermittelt.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19713130106
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  • 91
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    Studies in potential organo-fluorine oral hypoglycaemic agents. IVPart III: K. C. JOSHI and (Mrs.) J. S. GUPTA, J. exp. Medicine 11, 46 (1967).. Synthesis and hypoglycaemic activity of some 5-arylsulfonamido-1,2,4-triazoles (1971)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 313 (1971), S. 169-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19713130118
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  • 92
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    Neue Derivate der Pyridylformiminoäther (1971)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 313 (1971), S. 179-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19713130120
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  • 93
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    Preparation of Some MANNICH Bases from 2-amino- and 2-allylamino-4-methyl-5-acetyl-thiazole (1971)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 313 (1971), S. 193-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: From 2-amino-(1 a) and 2-allylamino-4-methyl-5-acetyl thiazole (2 a) and the N-acylated compounds 1 b-f the correspondent MANNICH bases of the type R—CO—CH2—CH2—NR2 · HCl(NR2 = morpholino, piperidino, dimethylamino, diethylamino and diisopropylamino) were prepared and characterized as phenylhydrazones. The bromination of these MANNICH compounds gave α-bromo-β-aminoketones.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19713130202
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  • 94
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    Über die Ringöffnung von 2-Imino-3-alkyl-5-aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazolinen mit substituierten Hydrazinen zu Diaminoguanidinen (1971)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 313 (1971), S. 287-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 2-Imino-3-alkyl-5-aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazoline 1 reagieren mit Carbonsäurehydraziden zu 1,5-Diacyl-2-alkyl-diaminoguanidinen 2, mit Semicarbazidhydrochlorid zu 1-Acyl-2-alkyl-5-carbamoyl-diaminoguanidinen 3 und mit Phenylhydrazinhydrochlorid zu 1-Acyl-2-alkyl-5-phenyl-diaminoguanidinen 4. Die Strukturen werden durch IR-Spektren gestützt.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19713130213
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  • 95
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    Potentielle Cytostatica. XXI. Über Phosphorsäure- und Thiophosphorsäure-triamide mit cytostatisch aktiven Komponenten (1971)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 313 (1971), S. 218-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Über entsprechende Phosphorsäure-monoamid-dichloride 5 werden Triamide 8 mit zwei Äthyleniminresten und dem Rest eines hydrophoben Amins synthetisiert, wobei als letzteres neben Heptyl-, Dodecyl-, Cyclohexyl- und β-Phenyl-äthylamin ein antimitotisches α-Phenyl-β-(4-alkoxy-phenyl)-äthylamin (1f, 1g) dient. Eine Methode zur Darstellung von (+)- und (-)-[α-Phenyl-β-(4-äthoxyphenyl)-äthyl]-amid-phosphorsäure-dichlorid 5h und 5i wird angegeben.Aus Phosphoryl-N-Lost-dichlorid 6 wird das Dimorpholid 9k und Bis-(β-phenyl-äthyl)-amid 9e, aus Thiophosphoryl-N-Lost-dichlorid 7 eine Reihe von Thiophosphoryl-N-Lost-diamiden 10 b, 10 d-g, 10i gewonnen. Die Stereoisomerie bei der Kombination von Thiophosphoryl-N-Lost mit zwei Resten der antimitotischen Amine 1f, 1g wird diskutiert. Aus der Diskussion der Cl⊖-Abspaltung u.a. folgt, daß Phosphoryl-N-Lost-diamide des Typs 9k desaktivierte N-Lost-Derivate sind, Thiophosphoryl-N-Lost-diamide dagegen nicht.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19713130205
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  • 96
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    Organoarsen-Verbindungen. XVIII. Cyclohexyl- und Butyl-cyclopolyarsine (RAs)n (1971)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 313 (1971), S. 259-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Cyclohexyl- und Butyl-dichlorarsine RAsCl2 reagieren mit Natrium im Molverhältnis 1:2 zu den Cyclopolyarsinen (RAs)n. Während die n-Butyl- und Isobutyl-cyclopolyarsine als pentamere Verbindungen vorliegen, konnten im Falle der Cyclohexyl-, tert.-Butyl- und sek.-Butyl-cyclopolyarsine tetramere Strukturen nachgewiesen werden. Die Molekülgröße wurde durch kryoskopische Molmassebestimmungen und in einigen Fällen auch durch Massenspektren und Röntgenstrukturuntersuchungen ermittelt. Am Beispiel des Tetra-tert.-butyl-cyclotetraarsins wird das chemische Verhalten gegenüber Alkalimetallen, Halogenen und Methyljodid näher studiert.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19713130210
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  • 97
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    Potentiometric study on the composition and stability of acetylacetoneanthranilic acid (SCHIFF's base) Complexes of Zinc (II) and Palladium (II) (1971)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 313 (1971), S. 371-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The condensation of acetylacetone with anthranilic acid in presence of piperidine as the condensing agent gives acetylacetoneanthranilic acid SCHIFF'S base (H2AA) which forms complexes with Zinc (II) and Palladium (II). The dissociation constants of H2AA have been determined by interpolation at half n̄ values and also by algebraic method which give the values 4.85 and 8.25 at 30° ± 1 °C for the dissociation constants. The stability constants of Zinc (II) and Palladium (II) complexes have been determined adopting CALVIN and MELCHIOR'S extension of BJERRUM'S method and the values of log k1 are found to be 2.92 and 3.97 respectively at 30° ± 1 °C. In these complexes 1:1 metal-ligand stoichiometry is observed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19713130222
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  • 98
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    Problemstellung und Forschungsstrategie für Polykondensationsporozesse (1971)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 313 (1971), S. 411-421 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Russian Abstract.
    Abstract: It seems advisable to investigate polycondensation processes extended systematically from low to high conversion by carefully chosen model systems, considering the statistical data available on the processes themselves and the relationship between structure and properties of the resulting polymers. In a previous paper (Rev. Gén. Caoutchouc Plastiques, Éd. Plastiques, 4, (1967) 111) dealing with conventional crosslinking agents, the possibility was suggested to perform polycondensation processes approaching more closely the classical random distribution. This can be achieved with symmetrical monomers having functional groups well spaced out to avoid substitution effects and cyclisation. Cyclisation is also rendered more difficult by greater stiffness of the structure of the monomers. This paper shows by some examples that, in favourable cases, the deviation from the classical random distribution can be reduced to the limits of experimental error, thus enabling the physical properties to be compared with the results of comparatively simple model calculations.
    Notes: Es ist ratsam, Polykondensationsprozesse an äußerst sorgfältig gewählten Modellsystemen zu studieren, und zwar systematisch von niedrigeren nach höheren Umsätzen, und indem man die Kenntnis der Prozesse selbst, der resultierenden Struktur der Produkte, und deren strukturgebundenen physikalischen Eigenschaften gleichzeitig auf statistischer Basis vertieft. In einem früheren Bericht (Rev. Gén. Caoutchouc Plastiques, Éd. Plastiques, 4, 1967, 111) über bekannte organische und anorganische Netzformer wurde auf die Möglichkeit hingewiesen, Polykondensationssysteme zu entwickeln, die den reinen klassischen Zufallsverteilungen in viel besserer Näherung folgen. Hierzu wählt man symmetrische Monomere mit räumlich weit auseinanderliegenden Funktionen, um Substitutionseffekte und Ringschlüsse weitgehend zu vermeiden; weiterhin werden Ringschlüsse auch durch Steifheit der Monomerstruktur sehr erschwert. In diesem Vortrag wird an einigen Beispielen belegt, daß man so tatsächlich die Abweichungen vom klassischen (cyclenfreien) Zufallsmodell in günstigen Fällen erwartungsgemäß bis zur Grenze der Unmeßbarkeit zurückdrängen kann, und daß sich das deshalb lohnt, weil man dann physikalische Eigenschaften der Produkte mit relativ einfachen Modellrechnungen vergleichen kann.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19713130305
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  • 99
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    Thermokinetische Untersuchung der Cumolhydroperoxidzersetzung (1971)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 313 (1971), S. 377-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mit einer thermokinetischen Methode wurde an einer kontinuierlichen Strömungsapparatur die Kinetik der Cumolhydroperoxidzersetzung mit Schwefelsäure in einem äquimolaren Phenol-Aceton-Gemisch zwischen 40 und 60 °C untersucht. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß von Wasser und Acetophenon im gleichen Temperaturbereich kinetisch verfolgt. Weiterhin konnten die Aktivierungsparameter und die Reaktionsenthalpie ermittelt werden.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19713130223
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  • 100
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    Gesetzmäßigkeiten der Polykondensation von Dicarbonsäurechloriden mit Bisphenolen (1971)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 313 (1971), S. 397-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Russian Abstract.
    Abstract: The paper presents the essential rules underlaying the polycondensation of the title components in organic solvents in the presence of tertiary amines on heating or at comparatively low temperatures. With hydrogen chloride resulting as a low molecular reaction product the condensation proceeds under non-equilibrium conditions. Conducting the condensation at higher temperatures, however, may be accompanied by destructive exchange reactions of the polymer with the starting material or between the polymer molecules themselves, affecting the molecular weight of the polymers obtained. Investigations of the kinetics of polycondensation of terephthalic acid with 9,9-bis-(4-hydrophenyl)-fluorene and 4,4′-(hexahydro-4,7-methyleneindan-5-ylidine)-diphenol at 150 to 200°C in a solvent with high boiling point showed the polyesterification to proceed by an anionic mechanism with formation of acylium ions at the start of and during the reaction.The polycondensation of dicarboxylic acid chlorides with bisphenols was found to depend largely on the components and composition of the initial mixture, temperature and other factors involved. Particularly, the kind of medium chosen for the polycondensation process reflects in the supramolekular structure and, thereby, in the physical properties of the polymer obtained.The results of experiments carried out to clarify the importance of tertiary amines in the polyesterification reaction in solvents at low temperature suggest two catalytic mechanisms, a nucleophilic and a general basic one.
    Notes: Im Vortrag werden die wichtigsten Gesetzmäßigkeiten der Polykondensation von Dicarbonsäurechloriden mit Bisphenolen in einem organischen Lösungsmittel unter Erwärmen oder bei relativ niedrigen Temperaturen in Gegenwart eines tertiären Amins betrachtet. Im Hinblick auf das niedermolekulare Reaktionsprodukt-Chlorwasserstoff-ist die Polykondensation dann ein Nichtgleichgewichtsprozeß. Wird sie jedoch bei höherer Temperatur durchgeführt, so können destruktive Austauschreaktionen des entstehenden Polykondensats mit den Ausgangsstoffen und zwischen den Makromolekülen auflaufen, wodurch die Molmassenverteilung der Polyarylate beeinflußt wird.Aus Untersuchungen zur Kinetik der Polykondensation von Terephthalsäurechlorid mit 9,9-Bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-fluoren und 5,5-Di-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-perhydro-4, 7-methylenindan in einem hochsiedenden Lösungsmittel bei 150 bis 300 °C geht hervor, daß die Polyveresterung nach einem ionischen Mechanismus unter Bildung von Acylium-Ionen verläuft.Von Bedeutung für die Polykondensation von Dicarbonsäurechloriden mit Bisphenolen sind: Verhältnis und Natur der Ausgangsstoffe; Reaktionstemperatur und Art des Mediums. Die Natur des Mediums beeinflußt die Ausbildung der übermolekularen Struktur des Polykondensats.Für die Polyveresterung durch tertiäre Amine bei niedrigen Temperaturen wird eine nucleophile Katalyse und eine allgemeine Basenkatalyse diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19713130304
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