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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 402 (1984), S. 289-296 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Epithelium ; Chorion laeve ; Diabetes mellitus ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The epithelium of human chorion laeve from pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus was examined under the light and electron microscopy. In comparison with normal chorion laeve, the epithelium of chorion laeve in diabetes mellitus shows the following morphological changes: 1. The trophoblast cells display more microvilli and cell processes on their surface. 2. Trophoblast cells with different cytoplasmic characteristics can be seen. Some display few organelles and large glycogen depositions; other are rich in organelles. Furthermore, some cells with electron dense filaments and few cell organelles can be found. 3. Necrotic cells are frequently present in the outer epithelial layers. 4. The intercellular spaces in the epithelial layers near the basement membrane are narrower. Since vasculopathy of the decidual arteries with disturbance of blood circulation is often found in pathological pregnancies, we assume that the morphological changes found are due to deficiency in nutrient and oxygen supply.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Alloxan ; Culture ; Electron microscopy ; 6-Hydroxydopamine ; Pancreaticβ-cells ; Stereology
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Stereological techniques on electron microscopy micrographs were used to evaluate the morphological changes of cultured isletβ cells that had been exposed to alloxan or 6-hydroxydopamine. Trypan Blue exclusion by cells cultured for 3 days indicated that the cells were 100% viable. Electron microscopy revealed that nearly all of the surviving cultured cells wereβ cells. Exposure to 5 mmol/l alloxan or 1–5 mmol/l 6-hydroxydopamine for 10 or 30 min caused a general swelling of the cultured cells with a concomitant swelling of mitochondria and nuclei. The size of the secretory granules was not affected by the drugs. Only 3–10% of the cells excluded Trypan Blue after exposure to 5 mmol/l alloxan or 6-hydroxydopamine. The data conform with the hypothesis that a primary action of alloxan and 6-hydroxydopamine is at the plasma membrane level ofβ cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 404 (1984), S. 213-221 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Oat cell carcinoma ; Male breast ; Immunocytochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A case of small cell neuroendocrine (oat cell) carcinoma of the breast in a 52-year old male is presented. Oat cell carcinomas have been reported in various extrapulmonary sites, but this is the second case of a primary oat cell carcinoma of the breast and the first one to have been documented in a male. The tumor was investigated histologically, immunocytochemically and ultrastructurally. The relationship to so-called “carcinoid” mammary tumors is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 404 (1984), S. 427-434 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Elephantiasis neuromatosa ; Neurofibromatosis ; Electron microscopy ; Immunohistochemistry ; S-100 protein
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary An example of elephantiasis neuromatosa, an unusual variant of neurofibromatosis, coexistent with lipomatosis is presented. This dual cell population produced a diffuse swelling of the gluteal sulcus of a young female. The neurogenous origin of the spindle cell component was substantiated by immunoreactivity for S-100 protein as well as by the fine structural observation of a regular basement membrane coating and a profusion of Luse bodies. As far as can be ascertained, this is the first reported immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of this particular variant of peripheral nerve sheath lesion.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor ; Electron microscopy ; Histoenzymology ; Ameloblast ; Amyloid-like substance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor, simultaneously located in the two jaws (maxilla and mandible) was examined by histochemical and electron microscopic methods. Squamous tumor cells without secretory polarity were different from those of common ameloblastoma. High activities of alkaline phosphatase and ATPases were demonstrated by light and electron microscopy on the cytoplasmic membrane, findings similar to those in the stratum intermedium cells of the normal dental germ from which these tumor cells seem to arise. The tumor cells, like preameloblasts of the dental germ, also produce a granulo-filamentous material in intracytoplasmic vesicles and discharge it into the stroma. This “pseudo-amyloid” substance represents an abnormal protein of the enamel matrix and calcification, mainly occurring in that substance, might be an attempt at mineralization.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 403 (1984), S. 391-400 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Light microscopy ; Granular cell tumour ; Mammary gland neoplasm
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Primary granular cell tumours of the breast in 35 2and 55 year old women were studied by light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Light and electron microscopy revealed a neural origin of the tumours and this was further substantiated by immunohistochemical studies, with positive S-100 protein reaction and negative reactions for surface heavy and light chains, CEA, alfa-1-antitrypsin, muramidase and GFA-protein. Granular cell tumour of the mammary gland is a very rare tumour. Clinically it sometimes simulates carcinoma because of its fibrous consistency, fixation to pectoral fascia and skin retraction. The diagnosis of granular cell tumour should be included in the differential diagnosis of carcinoma of the breast. The granular cell tumour is derived from neuro-ectodermal tissue. Whether it represents a neurogenic cell-confined metabolic disturbance with lysosomal activation, or a true neoplasm remains to be elucidated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Urological research 12 (1984), S. 17-22 
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Schlagwort(e): Urinary calculi ; Electron microscopy ; X-ray microanalysis ; Artefacts
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Material in urinary calculi is prone to irradiation damage during electron microscopy and this suggests the need for care in the interpretation of data. It is shown, however, that minimum-dose transmission microscopy is feasible for single-crystal electron diffraction work, and that although internal damage in severe, morphological artefacts are unlikely in the SEM unless the incident electron flux is greater than 10-13 A nm-2. During EDX micro-analysis, the detection of light elements is impaired by irradiation effects unless a minimum-dose procedure is used. For the preparation of SEM samples, artefacts can be created by cleaving air-dried material-and it is therefore important to consider more lengthy preparation methods such as cryogenics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Schlagwort(e): Concanavalin A ; Lectin receptors ; Bladder tumor ; Electron microscopy ; X-ray microanalysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary We used concanavalin A (con A)-peroxidase-iron dextran-diaminobenzidine (DAB) technique for the electron microscopic detection of con A binding sites on cell membranes. Normal bladder mucosa showed a sparse distribution of con A binding sites with both transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron microscopy, but bladder tumors showed a higher concentration in the distribution of con A binding sites in proportion to the histopathological grade of transitional cell carcinoma. Quantitative estimation of the con A binding sites was attempted using scanning X-ray pulse analysis of iron elements contained in the reaction complexes. Con A binding sites were quantitatively the smallest in normal mucosa, increasing proportionate to the grade of the bladder tumor. Some specimens were compared by the ferritin-labelled method and the pattern of ferritin conjugates distribution was similar to that seen with the con A-peroxidase-iron dextran method.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Schlagwort(e): Urinary calculi ; Stone ultrastructure ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A study of urinary stones obtained from patients after surgery in the Medical College Hospital, Trivandrum, under the scanning electron microscope showed the presence of calcium oxalate and calcium biphosphate crystals as the main constituents. However, the pattern of the different phases of crystal growth was not uniform. Within the crystal lattice, fibrous structures, possibly of protein matrix, were invariably observed. Electron microscopy may be usefully adapted as a particularly suitable method for ultramicroscopic investigation of the fine structure of urinary stones including single crystal surface structure, section of urinary calculi and for possible presence of hitherto unknown components within the calculus.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 169 (1984), S. 9-20 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Peroxisomes ; Marginal plates ; DAB-Cytochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Freeze-etching
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In the canine circumanal gland, the morphological alterations of peroxisomes during differentiation and maturation of the glandular cells were studied by electron microscopy, cytochemistry and freeze-etch technique. Each of the following three cell types has its own characteristic peroxisomal population: 1) The basal cell contains only a few small peroxisomes, which appear as spherical and tubular profiles showing strong DAB reaction. In the differentiating basal cells, these are joined by a few dilated, hemispherical organelles with intensely stained small marginal plates. 2) In the intermediate cell, additional to spherical and tubular peroxisomes, numerous clongated organelles with distinct marginal plates are observed, displaying weak catalase activity. 3) In the mature cell, dumbbell-shaped peroxisomes with enlarged marginal plates predominate. Serial section analysis and freeze-etching studies reveal that these dilated particles are of erythrocyte-like shape. They exhibit very weak catalase activity or do not contain any visible DAB reaction product. In their flattened, thin central portions, the memoranes enclose the marginal plates and form straight cisternae, which are closely associated with adjacent fenestrated cisternae of ER on both sides, referred to as paramarginal cisternae. Dumbbell-shaped peroxisomes with their corresponding paramarginal cisternae form large peroxisome-ER-complexes. Furthermore, three to five dumbbell-shaped particles are often stacked in parallel. Only at their flat poles are the organelles in close contact with paramarginal cisternae. The observation of continuities, in particular between erythrocyte-like organelles and tubular peroxisomes in mature glandular cells, indicates the existence of a peroxisomal compartment composed of two segments in the mature stage. In freeze-etch replicas of mature glandular cells, only the dilated segments of the peroxisomal compartment can be easily recognized because of their unusual size and erythrocyte-like shape. Additionally, on the E-face of their central portion, a straight, square or rectangular area with a distinct crystalline pattern is seen, which corresponds to the marginal plate. These findings indicate that the circumanal gland of the dog offers unique possibility to analyze the biological properties of a well-defined peroxisomal compartment.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 62 (1984), S. 225-229 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Dandy-Walker syndrome ; Dandy-Walker cyst ; Ependymal cell ; Ultrastructure ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructure of the wall of the Dandy-Walker cyst has been described rarely. A boy aged 2 years was confirmed clinically, neuroradiologically, and operatively as having a Dandy-Walker cyst in the posterior fossa. The cyst wall obtained during surgery consisted of an outer arachnoid cell layer, intermediate interwoven neuroglial strands, and an inner layer of cells which lacked the characteristic appearance of ependyma. An unusual finding was a small, buried island of ependymal cells in the intermediate layer of the neuroglial tissue. Ultrastructural study of the cyst wall provides a better understanding of the pathogenesis of the Dandy-Walker syndrome.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 63 (1984), S. 96-107 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Hereditary coproporphyria ; Hereditary hepatic porphyrias ; Sural nerve biopsy ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In spite of several cases reported in the literature, the exact pathogenetic mechanism of neuropathic changes in porphyric neuropathy remains uncertain. Various authors have ascribed the neuropathologic findings to either a dying-back axonal degeneration or segmental demyelination. In recent years, the hypothesis of an axonal and myelinic disorder has received support by the demonstration of a combined and simultaneous involvement of both these structures. Such different opinions are also a consequence of the reduced number of detailed bioptic observations in the different forms of acute porphyria not only during acute phases but also between attacks. In this paper we report the results of light- and electronmicroscopic examination of two sural nerve biopsies from subjects with hereditary coproporphyria. The first was performed 6 months after an acute attack, the second specimen was obtained from a patient without acute attacks, who had clinical and electrophysiologic signs of a chronic progressive neuropathy. In both cases a dying-back axonal degeneration is considered the primary change. The pathogenetic mechanism of peripheral nerve lesions in porphyric neuropathy will be discussed finally.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 62 (1984), S. 324-331 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Human skeletal muscle ; Hemiplegia ; Cerebral vascular disease ; Histopathology ; Electron microscopy ; Rehabilitation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Anterior tibial muscle biopsies of the hemiplegic side of 16 patients with a cerebrovascular accident in the middle cerebral artery region were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by enzyme histochemistry and electron microscopy. Patients grouped according to the time lapsed as from the occurrence of the accident (1–17 months) demonstrated a progressive decrease in the fiber diameter and changes in fiber type distribution with predominant type II atrophy and type I predominance. Nuclear internalization, myopathic alterations, and perifascicular fatty infiltrations were observed constantly. In the affected fibers the ultrastructural findings were myofibrillar alterations with the formation of rods and cytoplasmic bodies. There was accumulation of lipofuscin, glycogen, and lipid droplets. Microvascular changes were observed frequently. Biopsies from the asymptomatic legs were either normal or showed age-related muscle alterations. Correlation was noted between the clinical and functional status of the patients and the morphological aspects seen in muscle biopsies.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 63 (1984), S. 255-263 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Carbon disulphide ; Electron microscopy ; Giant axonopathy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Adult Wistar rats were exposed to carbon disulphide (CS2) vapour at a concentration of 2.4 mg/l of air for 5 days a week (6h a day), and the ultrastructure of peripheral nerves, neuromuscular junctions and muscles was investigated after 6 months of exposure to CS2. Numerous giant axons, i.e. paranodal or internodal swellings, were seen in the peripheral nerves. At the swollen paranodes, the myelin sheath was thinned, in other regions large intramyelinic vacuoles indicative of more dramatic demyelination were observed at axonal enlargements. Axonal enlargements consisted essentially of whorls of tightly packed neurofilaments. A number of nerve fibres underwent complete degeneration, but at the same time there was evidence of nerve regeneration. Nerve terminals were affected in a similar way following CS2 exposure. At neuromuscular junctions, filamentous swellings of nerve terminals preceded their degeneration and eventual denudation of synaptic gutters. As a rule, the postsynaptic part of neuromuscular junctions remained unimpaired by CS2 treatment. Muscles were affected by both atrophy and degeneration. Clusters of dense and lamellar bodies and numerous autophagosomes indicative of direct myotoxic effect of CS2 were frequently encountered in the investigated muscles. Some muscle fibres apparently underwent necrosis judging from the occurrence of myotubes characteristic of muscle degeneration and regeneration. The pathomorphology of CS2 neuropathy resembles that of other toxic neuropathies which presumably have a common origin in impaired energy metabolism.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 169 (1984), S. 261-270 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Peroxisomes ; DAB-cytochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Three-dimensional reconstruction ; Preputial gland ; Mouse
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructure of peroxisomes in partially differentiated cells of the mouse preputial gland was investigated using serial thin sections and three-dimensional reconstruction as well as the alkaline diaminobenzidine technique for visualization of the peroxidatic activity of catalase. An analysis of serial sections indicates that the different types of intensely stained peroxisomal profiles, classified according to their shape, represent random planes through highly complex peroxisomes. These organelles exceed 4 μm in length and exhibit a focal heterogeneity with respect to their size, shape and enzyme distribution. The graphical three-dimensional reconstruction demonstrates that the most intricate peroxisomes are characterized by tortuous, elongate, and branched tubular segments of varying diameter equipped with enlarged terminal hollow-spherical structures which engulf areas of cytoplasm. A close spatial relationship is established between adjacent peroxisomes and peroxisomes and mitochondria, the latter two of which synchronously develop into highly complex structures. A close association is also observed between peroxisomes and the endoplasmic reticulum, whereby membrane continuities between the two compartments cannot be demonstrated. These observations are inconsistent with traditional concepts concerning peroxisomal shape and size, the number per cell, as well as their biogenesis from the endoplasmic reticulum. The functional significance of individual highly complex peroxisomes and their assemblage forming an extensive netlike membraneous system throughout the cell is discussed with respect to intracellular energy transport and trans-membrane electron exchange.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 16
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Implantation ; Blastocyst ; Zona pellucida ; Decidual reaction ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Ultrastructural studies were undertaken to investigate the temporal relationship between loss of the zona pellucida around the blastocyst and the appearance of decidual changes in the endometrial stroma during normal implantation in rats. Blastocyst-free and blastocyst-containing sites of pregnant uterine horns were studied and compared with control sites from contralateral salpingectomized horns and horns of pseudopregnant animals from 24.00 h on Day 4 and onwards. There were no membrane contacts between the blastocyst and the uterine epithelium at 10.00 h on Day 5 and earlier because of an intervening zona pellucida. From 14.00 h onwards, however, such contacts were present and at 18.00 h, the zona pellucida had disappeared and the blastocyst had attached onto the uterine epithelium. The stromal cells of pregnant and control horns were indistinguishable from each other at 24.00 h on Day 4, but from 06.00 h on Day 5 onwards specific changes were noted in the stromal cell nucleoli of the pregnant horns. The results therefore suggest that the first morphological sign of decidualization occurs about 12 h before the Pontamine Blue reaction and is initiated by the blastocyst early on Day 5 while it is still encased by the zona pellucida.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 17
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Meconium corpuscles ; Apoptosis ; Foetal intestine ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary During the embryonic development of the intestine, programmed deletion of epithelial cells plays a vital role in the formation of secondary lumina and of villi. Electron microscopy shows that this deletion is effected by apoptosis, a distinctive mode of cellular death recently recognised as being implicated in normal tissue involution in the adult, as well as during intrauterine development. The process involves cellular condensation and budding to form membrane-bounded apoptotic bodies containing well-preserved organelles. These are then either engulfed by neighbouring principal cells or sloughed off into the intestinal lumen. Engulfed apoptotic bodies that show various degrees of lysosomal degradation have previously been reforred to as “meconium corpuscles”.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 64 (1984), S. 108-113 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Image analysis ; Electron microscopy ; Muscle fibers
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Based on a fixed number of EM photomicrographs a semiautomatic image analysis is made of normal gastrocnemius muscle fibers to obtain reference values for comparison with pathologic data. Z disc, mitochondria, tubular system, and sarcoplasmic reticulum are measured. It is stated that no definite fiber type differentiation is possible based on these quantitative data. However, measurements of Z disc and mitochondria are suggestive of such a differentiation. On the other hand, all data reach a Gaussian distribution on a logarithmic scale after a 5% correction factor is introduced.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 64 (1984), S. 122-128 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Hydrocephalus ; Blood-brain barrier ; Tight junctions ; Paracellular pathway ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Considering the possibility of a paracellular route for edema resolution we studied the microvasculature of the subependymal and subcortical white matter in hydrocephalic rats. Normal adult rats were used as controls. After injection of kaolin suspension into the cisterna magna, the animals were killed at intervals of 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks. In hydrocephalic rats at 1 week after kaolin injection, widening of the interendothelical cleft between the tight junction (dehiscence) was seen in 27 of 76 (35%) vessels. At 2 weeks after kaolin injection, the number of the dehiscences had increased (39/7:56%) and some were enlarged, forming interendothelial blisters. At 4 weeks in hydrocephalic rats, both dehiscences and blisters were still prominent (45/73∶63%) and at 8 weeks the dehiscences were still prominent, but the number of the blisters had decreased (25/81∶31%). The blisters and dehiscences were most pronounced in the corpus callosum and occipital regions. Following i.v. injection of horseradish peroxidase, the interendothelial dehiscences and blisters were completely devoid of the marker substance. These findings indicate that in obstructive hydrocephalus the tight junctions may constitute part of a paracellular pathway for the resorption of interstitial edema fluid.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 276 (1984), S. 2-11 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Schlagwort(e): Photochemotherapy ; Freckles ; Electron microscopy ; Melanocytes ; Langerhans cells ; Retinoid therapy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Photochemotherapy (PUVA)-induced freckles were found in 25 patients (41%) who had received more than 1,000 J/cm2 of PUVA. The patients had been treated with PUVA for more than 2 years, with more than 150 exposures before PUVA lentigines appeared on the thighs, the upper arm, the mid-lower arm, the waist, and the buttocks. The histopathology of these freckles was analyzed by light and electron microscopy. Light microscopy showed an increased amount of pigment and melanophages and increased numbers and size of melanocytes. The keratinocytes often displayed atypical features such as enlarged nuclei, giant size, or fibrillar degeneration. Homogenization of the papillary dermis was observed in 11 patients. The activation of melanocytes was confirmed electron microscopically, and pathological features such as large amounts of lipid droplets and lysosome-melanosome complexes within the melanocytes were seen. The Langerhans cells were mostly normal, whereas the keratinocytes showed cytolytic changes, fibrillar degeneration, and vacuolization. A close follow-up of patients with prolonged PUVA treatment is recommended.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 277 (1984), S. 44-54 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Schlagwort(e): Birbeck granule ; Birbeck granule-like structure ; Electron microscopy ; Langerhans cell ; Lymph node
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary To understand contact hypersensitivity, it is important to know the kinetics of Langerhans cells (LC) and related cells in the lymph node (LN), as well as in the skin. For this purpose, we tried experimentally to induce increased numbers of LCs, Birbeck granule-like structure (BgS)-containing cells, and interdigitating reticulum cells (IDC) in DNCB-sensitive mice and studied them by means of electron microscopy with the following results: (1) cytologically, LC, BgS-containing cells and IDC were closely related; (2) BgS seemed to arise from rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum (r-ER), and BgS-containing cells were midway in nature between LC and IDC from the morphological view point. From these findings, it appears that IDC, BgS-containing cells, and LCs were simultaneously involved in the contact hypersensitivity reactions of LNs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 22
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Polyneuropathy ; Hereditary disease ; Chiloren ; Sural nerve biopsy ; Electron microscopy ; Morphometry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Ten autosomal recessive/sporadic cases of hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type I (HMSN I), nine of which originated from the northern part of Sweden, were included in the study. Parents were free from neurologic symptoms. Motor and sensory conduction velocity was normal when recorded, i.e., in 19 and 17 parents, respectively. Sural nerve biopsies from the ten cases revealed a varying degree of onion bulb formation. In eight of the cases the onion bulbs consisted of abundant basement membranes, whereas the Schwann cells were few and sometimes lacking. There were in some cases considerable differences between separate fascicles as to the loss of myelinated nerve fibers. In the six biopsies in which teasing was performed signs of present and previous demyelination were noticed. Numerous internodal segments were abnormally thin with reference to their length. In many such segments there were marked local thickenings of the nerve fiber. In cross sections the probable counterparts to these thickenings were nerve fibers with unduly thick myelin sheaths and complex folding of the myelin. Ultrastructural axonal changes were seen in the majority of the cases. The pathogenetic and diagnostic implications of the present findings are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 65 (1984), S. 128-137 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Quantitative ; Electron microscopy ; Microangiopathy ; Pi granules ; Schwann cells
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A significant reduction in the myelinated nerve fiber population was observed during quantitative electron-microscopic examination of peripheral nerves in chronic alloxan diabetic rats. Dystrophic axonal abnormalities and regenerating fibers were more numerous in diabetics than age-matched controls. Schwann cells showed reactive changes including prominent pi granules of Reich and intracytoplasmic filament accumulation. Enumeration of these alterations, however, revealed no singificant difference from controls. Endoneurial macrophages in diabetic rats were also filled with lamellar intracytoplasmic inclusions characteristic of a chronic neuropathy. Quantitation of pathologic lesions in teased nerve fibers confirmed the preponderance of axonal over demyelinative disease and showed demyelination to be segmental. Microangiopathy was noted throughout the vasa nervorum of diabetic rats, and quantitative electron microscopy showed endothelial proliferation with doubling of the number of endothelial cells and proportional capillary mural thickening. Swollen, reactive endothelial cells appeared to effece the vascular lumen and may impair capillary perfusion. These microcirculatory changes, in the presence of biochemical and rheologic disturbances may contribute to tissue hypoxia and underly the loss of axons in experimental diabetic neuropathy.
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 138 (1984), S. 273-277 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Cyanobacteria ; Secondary metabolite ; Allelopathy ; Photosynthesis ; Electron transport ; Thylakoids ; Herbicides ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Cyanobacterin is a secondary metabolite produced by the cyanobacterium, Scytonema hofmanni. Highly purified cyanobacterin was found to inhibit the growth of many cyanobacteria at a minimum effective dose of 2 μg/ml (4.6 μM). The antibiotic had no effect on eubacteria including the photosynthetic Rhodospirillum rubrum. The site of action of cyanobacterin was further investigated in the unicellular cyanobacterium, Synechococcus sp. Electron micrographs of antibiotic-treated Synechococcus cells indicated that cyanobacterin affects thylakoid membrane structure. The antibiotic also inhibited light-dependent oxygen evolution in Synechococcus cells and in spheroplasts. These data support our conclusion that cyanobacterin specifically inhibits photosynthetic electron transport. This activity is similar to herbicides such as 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl urea (DCMU). The anhydro analog of cyanobacterin had no biological activity.
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 140 (1984), S. 265-270 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): EcoRI ; EcoRI-DNA complexes ; EcoRI* activity ; Recognition sites ; Frequency of binding ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Electron microscopy of negatively stained isolated restriction enzyme EcoRI revealed particle projections with triangular or square outlines, indicating that the enzyme, in its tetrameric state, is tetrahedron-like. The two dimers making up the tetramer appear to be arranged in two planes orthogonal to each other. Complexes formed by EcoRI with the plasmids pBR322 or pGW10 were investigated by electron microscopic spreading techniques. In the presence of Mg2+, EcoRI was bound to the DNA molecules to form pearl necklace-like aggregates. The number of bound EcoRI particles was much higher as the sum of EcoRI-and 5′..AATT..3′ sites (with exceptions, the 5′..AATT..3′ sites may function as one type of EcoRI* sites) along the DNAs, indicating unspecific binding. In the absence of Mg2+, EcoRI was bound to the DNA only at the recognition site for EcoRI and the sites where the tetranucleotide sequence 5′..AATT..3′ was present. A direct correlation of the local concentrations of the bases A and T within the flanking sequences of the binding sites with the frequency of EcoRI to the DNA was observed. Dimers and tetramers of the enzyme was found to bind to the DNA. Tetramers occasionally exhibited two binding sites for DNA as indicated by the observation of DNA loops originating at the sites of bound tetrameric EcoRI particles.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 107 (1984), S. 242-244 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Schlagwort(e): Phospholipase ; Plasma membrane ; Cytochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Human tumors
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Phospholipase activity was localized for the first time by cytochemical staining at the plasma membrane of malginant cells in gastric adenocarcinomas by electron microscopy. This activity was not found in benign cells of the same tumor, e.g., in components of the connective tissue underlying the glandular epithelium, or in cells beyond the margin of the same tumor. Neither benign nor maligant cells of colorectal tumors, nor those in malignant melanoma, had any phospholipase activity that could be demonstrated by the method.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 107 (1984), S. 229-232 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Schlagwort(e): Prolymphocytic leukemia ; Cytoplasmic inclusions ; X-ray microanalysis ; Chronic lymphocytic leukemia ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A patient with prolymphocytic leukemia is described. The peripheral blood and bone-marrow cells contained nuclear pockets, bridges, and appendices, as well as cytoplasmic inclusions that were not membrane bound or connected with the endoplasmic reticulum. X-ray microanalysis of the cells showed them to contain large amounts of phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, and calcium, as well as a smaller amount of sodium and magnesium in comparison with control lymphocytes. When compared with lymphocytes of a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the patient's cells showed higher amounts of magnesium, sulfur, and chlorine, while the sodium content was decreased. The usefulness of electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis in the diagnosis of this type of leukemia is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 403 (1984), S. 27-40 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Spleen ; Ellipsoids ; Morphometry ; Electron microscopy ; Lymphocyte traffic
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A study of ellipsoids (EL) in the human spleen was done on 25 surgically resected specimens in order to assess the number of EL, their structure, the nature of the cuff cells and the problem of lymphocyte traffic through their wall. The results show that an average spleen of 200 g contains 1.6 × 107 EL. They are localized in a constant segment of the vascular tree, just at the transition of the penicillary arterioles into capillaries and they consist of a capillary (not an arteriole) surrounded by a cuff of cells. These cells are neither endothelial nor smooth muscle cells, display lysosomal activity and are considered as fixed specialized pericapillary cells capable of cytoplasmic expansion. Since their number is inconstant in different individuals and in different species they are considered to be dynamic histological structures. Because of the constant presence of lymphocytes in their walls we consider the EL to be a transit system for lymphocytes and the splenic equivalent of the high endothelial venules in the lymph nodes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 29
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Gastric carcinoma ; Scirrhous carcinoma ; Collagen ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Collagen types I and III were examined immunohistochemically in 32 cases of gastric carcinoma classified as poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with scirrhous stroma, well differentiated adenocarcinoma with intermediate stroma, or poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with medullary stroma. In the stroma of scirrhous carcinoma, types I and III collagens were distributed abundantly in fibrillar or granular patterns with little difference in the intensity of staining. In well differentiated adenocarcinoma, type I collagen was diffusely distributed in the stroma with type III collagen distributed sparsely. In poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with medullary stroma, the two types of collagen were only found around capillaries, constituting the tumor interstitium. Electron microscopic examination of scirrhous carcinoma showed tumor cells partially covered with fibroblasts, and discontinuous basal lamina, collagen fibers and microfibrils present between tumor cells and fibroblasts. In well differentiated carcinoma, tumor cells were surrounded by fibroblasts, and well developed basal lamina was observed beneath the tumor cells. In poorly differentiated carcinoma with medullary stroma, the stroma consisted of capillaries and very few fibroblasts with discontinuous basal lamina occasionally being present between tumor cells and fibroblasts.
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 237 (1984), S. 219-226 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Spermatogonia ; Spermatocytes ; Carbohydrates ; Guppy ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The structure of guppy (Poecilia reticulata) spermatogonia and spermatocytes has been studied using electron microscopy. The spermatogonia, situated at the apex of the seminiferous tubule, are almost all surrounded by a network of Sertoli cells; they have very diffuse chromatin and one or two large nucleoli. The cytoplasm contains relatively few organelles, although annulate lamellae are found. The mitochondria have few cristae and are concentrated at one pole of the cell; they are sometimes found with intermitochondrial cement. These spermatogonia are separated from each other, having no intercellular bridges or inclusion in Sertoli cells, and are relatively undifferentiated; they correspond to stem cells. The spermatogonia beneath the apex are organized into cysts. First-generation spermatogonia are more dense and heterogeneous, their nuclei becoming smaller and their chromatin becoming denser during successive generations. In spermatocytes, the synaptinemal complex exists as a modified form until metaphase. The concentration of organelles in the cytoplasm increases and the organelles become more diversified as spermatogenesis progresses. Many cytoplasmic bridges are observed (several per cell), indicating that the cells remain in contact after several divisions. These changes in germ cell structure have been related to some of the characteristic features of spermatogenesis in guppy, e.g. the large number of spermatogonial generations and the complexity of spermiogenesis.
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 238 (1984), S. 413-416 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Peroxisomes ; DAB-cytochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Liver, amphibian ; Gymnophiona ; Ichthyophis glutinosus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructure of hepatic peroxisomes was investigated in Ichthyophis glutinosus (Amphibia: Gymnophiona), employing perfusion fixation and the diaminobenzidine (DAB) technique for the visualization of catalase. The majority of peroxisomes is circular or rod-shaped, although elongated particles occasionally occur. They contain a finely granular matrix, lightly stained after the DAB procedure. Their mean diameter is approximately 0.25 μm. Serial sections reveal that the circular and rod-shaped peroxisomal profiles are cross and oblique sections of highly tortuous, tubular organelles exceeding 2 μm in length. In addition to tubular profiles, elongated, rectangular particles, as well as straight dumbbell-shaped organelles with distinct marginal plates are observed. They range from 900 to 1650 nm in length (mean = 1200 nm). In the flattened, thin central portion of the dumbbell-shaped particle, the peroxisomal membranes form a cisterna enclosing one or two uniformly thick marginal plates, which display a definite substructure with a periodicity of 10 nm. These findings indicate that peroxisomes in the liver of Ichthyophis exhibit a complex organization. It is suggested that the organelles undergo a specific differentiation process, morphologically characterized by the formation of enlarged segments of unusual shape.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 32
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Ovulation (rabbit) ; Graafian follicle ; Perfusion ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Isolated ovaries from untreated, sexually mature rabbits were introduced into an in vitro perfusion system and perfused with a chemically defined medium containing albumin. The ovaries were perfused for up to 15 h (mean 11.5 h) and then processed for morphological investigation. Both at the light- and electron-microscopical levels, most of the ovaries exhibited a normal structure comparable with ovaries in situ. In two cases, however, marked accumulations of bacteria were found, although not inside the follicles. Since ovulation in the rabbit normally occurs between 9.5–13 h after mating or human chorionic gonadotrophin treatment, this model seems adequate for studies of ovulation in vitro. It is, however, important to study the ovaries microscopically after the perfusion to detect artifacts, e.g., bacterial infection, that may have influence on the process of ovulation.
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  • 33
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Tannic acid ; Acetylcholine receptors ; Tissue culture ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Spinal cord neurons from 9-day chick embryos were maintained in culture for up to 35 days and then fixed in 4% cacodylate-buffered glutaraldehyde containing 2% tannic acid. After about 15 days in culture a small percentage of the synaptic specializations present were characterized by striking electron-dense striations averaging 15 nm in width, oriented perpendicular to the postsynaptic membrane. These structures increased in frequency with time in culture (to a maximum of about 10% of all synapses in the oldest cultures); they were asymmetrical, protruding approximately 8 nm into the synaptic cleft, and more deeply (approximately 15–18 nm), into the postsynaptic cytoplasm. On the basis of earlier work by Sealock (1980) they are interpreted as concentrations of acetylcholine receptors. Similar membrane differentiations were also seen associated with active-zone areas of a few presynaptic membranes, and the possibility that these represent presynaptic acetylcholine receptors is discussed. Additional observations reported are (1) the presence of striations resembling those seen at the postsynaptic membrane in the membranes of some postsynaptic vesicles, and (2) filamentous links between the striations and cytoskeletal elements of the postsynaptic cell.
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 235 (1984), S. 479-484 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Monoamine-containing cells ; Taste bud ; Paracrine cells ; Mechanoreceptors ; Electron microscopy ; Teleosts
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The taste buds on the barbels in three species of teleosts (Cyprinus carpio, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, Parasilurus asotus) were studied by means of fluorescence and electron microscopy. Intensely yellow-fluorescent cells, which are disk-shaped and located exclusively in a basal position, are observed in the barbel-buds of all fishes examined. The basal cells contain a large number of small clear vesicles approximately 40–60 nm in diameter, which show a tendency to aggregate in the cytoplasm facing the junction of the nerve terminals; chemically transmitting synapses are seen in the latter region. It is suggested from the present observations that the basal cells in the barbel-bud may originate from Schwann cells and have a dual function both as mechanoreceptors and paracrine elements. Since the administration of 5,6-DHT results in an appearance of small dense vesicles among the small clear vesicles, the possibility exists that the basal cell may be capable of taking up monoamines and storing them in the small clear vesicles.
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  • 35
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Exocrine pancreas ; Calcium pool ; Calcium release ; Electron microscopy ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In an attempt to identify a cellular Ca2+-pool, from which calcium is released when secretagogues are applied, tissue fragments of the rat exocrine pancreas were incubated and fixed with glutaraldehyde in the presence of calcium. By means of this procedure electron-dense deposits were found on plasma membranes. X-ray microanalysis showed that these deposits contain calcium. Stimulation of tissue fragments with the use of the secretagogues carbachol or cholecystokinin reduced the number of deposits by about 80%. When the antagonist atropine was applied after carbachol stimulation, deposits reappeared on cell membranes, which then disappeared again after a second stimulation with cholecystokinin. In the presence of procaine, carbachol was inhibited and only slightly reduced the Ca2+-deposits on the plasma membranes. These results suggest that a calcium pool, from which calcium is released to induce enzyme secretion on stimulation, is located in the cell membrane
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  • 36
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Chloride cells ; Acid stress ; Gill ; Electron microscopy ; Fathead minnow
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas, were exposed for 129 days to Lake Superior water acidified with sulfuric acid by means of a flow-through toxicant injection system. The effects of chronic acid stress (pH 6.5, 6.0, 5.5, 5.0) on gill histology were examined. Most of the histological effects were seen at pH 5.5 and 5.0 and were confined primarily to changes in numbers, distribution, and morphology of chloride cells. At low pH levels there tend to be more chloride cells in the gill epithelium and an increased percentage of these cells in the secondary lamellae. In contrast to normal chloride cells, chloride cells from fish exposed to low pH frequently had apical pits while some had bulbous apical evaginations. The occurrence of structural changes in chloride cells during exposure to acid water suggests that chloride cells may be involved in acclimation to acid stress.
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  • 37
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Lactating cell ; Lipid droplets ; Secretory vesicles ; Mitochondria ; Intracellular associations ; Electron microscopy ; Milk secretion
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The size, cellular location, and identity of surface-associated components were determined for lipid droplets in lactating cells. Transmission electron-microscopic measurements were made involving 3801 droplets in approximately 211 cells from three rats and 1197 droplets in 66 cells from a mouse. For the purposes of droplet evaluation, cells were divided into seven locations ranging from basal to secreting positions. Droplets were also categorized with respect to contact with other droplets, basolateral plasma membrane, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, secretory vesicles, and endoplasmic reticulum-cytoplasm (ERC). Data on droplet size showed that droplet growth occurs mainly in the secretory position, confirming previously published findings. Lipid droplets from mouse tissue, although somewhat smaller in size showed similar growth trends to those of the rat. Data on numbers of droplet contacts and percentages of droplet circumferences involved in associations with other cell components showed that the dominant interaction of lipid droplets was with the ERC. However, intimate association of droplets with mitochondria was noted in all cellular locations. In addition, nursed animals exhibited a greater proportion of droplet surface association with secretory vesicles and less in contact with mitochondria in comparison to those not nursed. The significance of these relationships to milk synthesis and secretion is discussed.
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 236 (1984), S. 249-255 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Oocyte ; Nucleolus ; Silver staining ; Electron microscopy ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The nucleoli of dictyate-stage growing oocytes in rat ovaries were examined both with routine electron microscopy and electron microscopy after silver nitrate and ammoniacal silver nitrate (Ag-AS) staining. The nucleoli of the unilaminar follicular oocytes consist of twisted strands of dense fibrillar components, aggregates of granular components, and small fibrillar centers. After Ag-AS staining, silver grains are numerous on the dense fibrillar strands, fewer on the fibrillar centers, and very sporadic on the granular aggregates. The same stainability of three nucleolar components with the Ag-AS method was also confirmed in the nucleoli segregated by actinomycin D. During the transition of growing oocytes from bilaminar to plurilaminar follicle stage, the nucleolar dense fibrillar strands gradually conglomerate and are transformed into large and compact spherules. The stainability of dense fibrillar components with the Ag-AS method was lost along with this nucleolar transformation. These results may provide some new clues on the functional significance of AgAS-positive proteins in the nucleoli.
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 235 (1984), S. 51-58 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Parathyroid glands ; Electron microscopy ; Light microscopy ; Quantitative histology ; Mongolian gerbil
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Stereology and semi-automatic image analysis were used with the aim of comparing the structure of parathyroid glands from untreated adult Mongolian gerbils fixed by immersion with those fixed by perfusion. Subclassification of the chief cells based upon the staining affinity or electron density of the cytoplasm was readily performed only in glands fixed by immersion, and so-called atrophic cells were observed only in these glands. The atrophic cells were often surrounded by “light” chief cells. In glands fixed by perfusion, “light” chief cells were only rarely encountered. A significant difference between glands fixed by immersion and those fixed by perfusion was found only with regard to the form of cells and nuclei, those fixed by perfusion being more spherical. When comparing individual cells within glands fixed by immersion, “light” chief cells were more spherical and had a significantly larger nuclear and cellular size, and a lower mitochondrial volume density than the “intermediate”/“dark” chief cells. Otherwise there were no significant differences in any of the parameters investigated. These data indicate that occurrence of socalled “light” chief cells and atrophic cells is a result of improper fixation. The results of this study do not favour the concept of a functional cycle with a simultaneous occurrence of active and inactive cells within parathyroid glands.
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 235 (1984), S. 153-158 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Bovine ; Interdigitating cell ; Lymphoid tissues ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Electron-microscopic studies of lymphoid tissues from bovine fetuses and from calves disclosed a non-lymphoid cell type in the thymus-dependent zones of secondary lymphoid tissues and in the thymus that is distinguishable from reticulum cells, epithelial and endothelial cells, and macrophages. Based on morphological and topographical criteria, the cell is identified as the interdigitating cell. In addition, studies of the tissues of normal and virus-challenged fetuses, and of conventionally reared calves, indicated that the interdigitating cells originate from monocytoid cells, which undergo differentiation in the thymus-dependent zones during an immune response.
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 235 (1984), S. 243-249 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Gap junction ; Electron microscopy ; Freeze fracture ; Cell-to-cell communication
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Gap junctions exist in the septa between the segments of the lateral giant axons in the ventral nerve cord of the crayfish Procambarus. A large increase in the resistance (uncoupling) of these gap junctions was brought about by mechanical injury to the axonal segments. Both thin sections and freeze-fracture preparations were used to monitor the morphological changes which occurred up to 45 min after injury. There was no apparent change in the organization (a loose polygonal array) of the intramembrane particles which make up the junctional complex up to 45 min after injury. In some instances, however, the intramembrane particles appeared to have moved away from the junctional area. Other junctional regions were internalized and appeared similar to what have been called annular gap junctions. Also at this time (20–25 min after injury), a dense cytoplasmic plug formed in uninjured axon near the junctional region. It is concluded that the gap junctions that exhibit a loose polygonal organization of the intramembrane particles may be either in a state of low resistance (coupled) or a state of high resistance (uncoupled).
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  • 42
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Ovulation ; Perfusion ; Graafian follicle (rabbit) ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Ovulation was induced in rabbits by intravenous administration of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG), and 4–5 h later the ovaries were isolated and introduced into an in-vitro perfusion system containing synthetic medium with albumin. Rupture of follicles occurred in vitro within the physiological time range (mean 11.3 h after injection of HCG), although with a reduced frequency. Preovulatory and ruptured follicles were studied in detail by light and electron microscopy. In the granulosa layer of ruptured or preovulatory follicles cytoplasmic blebbing activity, disappearance of CallExner bodies and differentiation toward luteinized cells were found. Perhaps the most important sign of normal preovulatory development in vitro was that the basement membrane surrounding the granulosa layer was penetrated by projections of granulosa cells. In the absence of this penetration phenomenon the granulosa layer prolapsed out of the follicle. Immediately before rupture, follicles showed marked degeneration, restricted to the outer layers of the apical wall, which is compatible with the hypothesis that degradative enzymes are released close to the surface of preovulatory follicles. Although the majority of follicles that ovulated under in-vitro conditions showed the same kind of morphological alterations as can be seen in vivo, occasional atypical ruptures occurred without any overt signs during perfusion. Also technical manipulations of the perfusion system, e.g., nonphysiological increase of perfusion pressure, could force follicles to rupture. This illustrates the importance of careful morphological study of all ovaries perfused in vitro before conclusions are drawn.
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 237 (1984), S. 149-154 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Pituitary gland, pars distalis ; Innervation ; Synaptoid contacts ; Electron microscopy ; Rana temporaria L
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In the pars distalis of the hypophysis of adult Rana temporaria, three types of nerve-fiber profiles were found at two distinct sites, in both lateral parts of the bordering regions of the anterior lobe with the intermediate lobe of the hypophysis. The first type of nerve-fiber profile consists of bundles of very fine axonal elements (diameter: 〈0.7 μm). The second type is formed by larger nerve fibers (diameter up to 4 μm) containing a few neurosecretory granules of approximately 100 nm. The third type of nervefiber profile resembles the second type but these nerve fibers make synaptoid contacts on at least two different types of glandular cells. The possible functional significance of these nerve fibers in the pars distalis is discussed. No nerve fibers were found (1) in the central part of the bordering region of the pars distalis with the intermediate lobe, (2) at the bordering region with the median eminence and (3) with the neurohypophysial stalk, and (4) in all other parts of the pars distalis.
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 238 (1984), S. 165-175 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Mesonephros ; Pig embryo ; Glomerulus ; Microvasculature ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Vascularization of the pig mesonephros was investigated in embryos 5–8 cm in length. Vascular injections with microfil were cleared and dissected; corrosion casts were studied under the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Perfusion-fixed tissue was used for SEM and transmission electron microscope (TEM) studies, including freeze-fracture specimens. The branches of one mesonephric artery carry up to 15 glomeruli. Several glomeruli occupy the same arterial branch, with very short afferent arterioles proper. The efferent vessels, frequently 2–5, leave the extensive vascular pole opposite the entering arteriole and split into peritubular capillaries radiating towards the superficial veins. These capillaries form vascular regions in the shape of flattened pyramids. Along its course, one nephron is supplied by vessels derived from 4–7 glomeruli. The nephrons have less vascular contact than in the definitive kidney. The ultrastructure of the single mesonephric vessels matches the metanephric counterparts. Epithelioid cells with renin granules are common in afferent arterioles, larger arteries, and efferent vessels. The lobulated glomeruli are up to 750 μm long and flattened, showing the usual features of podocytes, mesangial cells, and an attenuated endothelium with fenestrations between 50 and 250 μm. It partially retains its own basement membrane. There is no proximal mesangium.
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 238 (1984), S. 387-394 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Pacinian corpuscles, cat ; Denervation ; Atrophy ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructure of Pacinian corpuscles of the cat located in the crural region and innervated by the interosseous nerve was studied 1 to 14 months after denervation. Both the Pacinian inner core and capsule remained well preserved one month after denervation. However, the denervated inner cores underwent progressive atrophy and wasting, which resulted in a gradual reduction of the amount of inner-core cells and lamellae, widening of interlamellar clefts, formation of empty spaces in the axial region and a considerable increase in the number of collagen fibrils. In spite of the wasting, the inner core still survived 14 months after denervation, but at least half of its volume became occupied by collagen fibrils which surrounded the remaining inner-core cells and lamellae. Collagen fibrils assembled in the denervated core were markedly thinner than those found in the capsule, as is also the case in normal Pacinian corpuscles. In the capsule, discrete focal degeneration, occasional pyknosis of the innermost capsular cells and macrophage infiltration were observed from the first month after nerve section onward, but the number of capsular layers remained within the normal range (30–40) up to 14 months after denervation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Protoplasma 119 (1984), S. 48-54 
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Schlagwort(e): Electron microscopy ; Marine alga ; Membrane contrast ; Osmium-azole complexes ; X-ray microanalysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Addition of certain heterocyclic nitrogen-carbon compounds to standard osmium tetroxide solutions used as secondary fixative resulted in an enhanced general membrane contrast in cells of the marine algaEmiliania huxleyi (Lohmann) Kamptner. Ultrastructural cell morphology and the contrast distribution were compared between cells treated according to a standard secondary fixation procedure and cells post-fixed when above mentioned heterocyclic compounds were introduced; in both cases some of the ultrathin sections were post-stained. Different compounds were tested: 1,2,4-triazole (TRA), 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (A-TRA), 5-amino-tetrazole (A-TEA) and 2,4,6-tri-amino-1,3,5-triazine (melamine). The results were interpreted to indicate the possible bonding types arising from interaction of the heterocyclic compounds with osmium tetroxide and with membrane constituents. Interpretations were partly inspired by considerations from coordination chemistry. All above tests which did not include post-staining of thin sections could be performed at alkaline pH, and consequently calcified structures were preserved. The enhanced osmium accumulation at membranes was verified with X-ray microanalysis, which also showed that in the cases where membranes were visibly contrasted, localization of probable sites of intracellular non-crystalline calcium was facilitated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant and soil 76 (1984), S. 127-137 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Adenylate pool ; Biomass volume ; CO2 evolution ; Chitin ; DNA ; Electron microscopy ; Enzymes ; Fluorescent antibody ; Fumigation-respiration ; Fungi Histochemistry ; Imunofluorecence ; Jones-Mollison technique ; Microcosms ; Monoclonal antibodies ; Nitrogen ; Nutrients ; Oxygen consumption ; Phosphorus ; Phytotoxins ; Plate counts ; Rhizobium ; Rhizosphere ; Sulphur ; Xenobiotics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary There is an immense literature on biological and biochemical analyses of soils. Such analyses have revealed the enormous richness of species in soil and their vast range of metabolic potentials and ecological diversity. Accordingly, the approaches used to investigate the soil biota and its biochemistry usually have to be modified or adapted depending upon the purpose of the investigation. Studies of micro-organisms in the soil environment, are complicated because microbial cells are commonly attached to surfaces where they live side-by-side with other populations in consortia usually containing different morphological and physiological types. Such assemblages of organisms cannot be described quantitatively using cultural techniques, such as plate counts, which underestimate both cell numbers and viable biomass. The development of more powerful observational and staining techniques has improved our knowledge of the diverse morphological and biochemical composition of soil micro-communities. Such findings have been amplified at a grosser level by laboratory studies with multi-component systems (microcosms) to mimic field situations and to assess the range of biochemical potentials of microbial consortia. But despite notable advances in analytical methods we are still, with a few exceptions, unable to detect or identify those microorganisms which carry out specific biochemical transformations or determine whether particular cells are alive, dormant or dead at the time of observation. Considerable work has been done to define some of the fundamental ecological attributes of microbial assemblages in soil. Productive work on the metabolic activities of the soil microbiota, specially geochemical transformations of C, N, S and P, has been under way for more than a century. But only in more recent years have more sensitive and reproducible analytical methods become available to measure viable biomass in soil. This will enable some insight to be gained into the role that microbial biomass plays as a labile source and sink for plant nutrients.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant and soil 76 (1984), S. 319-337 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Aggregates ; Aluminium ; Bacterial mucilage ; Binding agents ; Calcium ; Cation bridges ; Complexing agents ; Dispersion ; Electron microscopy ; Electrophoretic mobility ; Fungal hyphae ; Glues Iron ; Management Periodate ; Polysaccharides ; Rhizosphere ; Roots ; Slaking
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The stability of pores and particles is essential for optimum growth of plants. Two categories of aggregates macro- (〉 250 μm) and micro- (〈250 μm) depend on organic matter for stability against disruptive forces caused by rapid wetting. Dispersion of clay particles from microaggregates is promoted by adsorption of complexing organic acids which increase the negative charge on clays. The acids are produced by plants, bacteria and fungi. However, the dispersibility of clay in microaggregates is offset by the binding action of polysaccharides, mainly mucilages produced by bacteria, but also by plant roots and fungal hyphae. The stability of microaggregates is also enhanced by multivalent cations which act as bridges between organic colloids and clays. Macroaggregates are enmeshed by plant roots, both living and decomposing, and are thus sensitive to management, and increase in number when grasses are grown and the soil is not disturbed. Lack of root growth,i.e. fallow, has the opposite effect. Various implications for management of soil structure are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 240 (1984), S. 55-61 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Schlagwort(e): Inner ear ; Adenylcyclase ; Ouabain-insensitive endothelial ATPase ; Cytochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The cytochemical localization of adenylcyclase in the lateral cochlear wall was studied using a modification of the Reik-Howell method. All the cell membranes of the stria vascularis and spiral prominence cells, except the vascular endothelium, showed a low enzyme activity. In the marginal cell and spiral prominence epithelium facing the endolymph, this activity was limited to the perilymphatic membrane sections. The results are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 107-130 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Schlagwort(e): Phase contrast ; Computer simulation ; Partial coherence ; Electron microscopy ; Convergent beam ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
    Notizen: A general method for computing high-resolution conventional transmission electron microscope images and diffraction patterns, when there are different types of partially coherent illumination conditions, is described. Examples of convergent beam, hollow cone, and virtual aperture illumination conditions are given in the context of interpreting image features. A comparison of real and computed diffraction patterns shows that, in practice, many innovative imaging modes are possible, which can be verified prior to real microscope experiments.
    Zusätzliches Material: 17 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 299-309 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Schlagwort(e): Electron microscopy ; Ion microscopy ; Correlative microscopy ; Electron probe microanalysis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
    Notizen: In order to correctly interpret the chemical images obtained using ion microscopy (IM), it is useful to correlate them with the information provided by conventional light microscopy (LM), secondary electron imaging (SEI), backscattered electron imaging (BEI), and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). Accordingly, we have devised a technique of specimen preparation which allows for the application of several different microanalytical techniques to a single histologic section mounted on the same substrate. Sections are cut onto polyester plastic coverslips (devoid of peaks for any element with atomic number 〉 9 using EPMA) and studied by LM. After a light rotary coating with carbon (to prevent charging), the section can then be examined by SEI, BEI, and EPMA. Specific areas can be marked for IM study either with an objective-mounted pin tissue microlocater, or by placing small pieces of metal foil, cut in specific geometric shapes, over features of interest. After sputter-coating the sample with platinum, metal-free shadows are visible using a low-power reflected light microscope available on a typical IM sample chamber as a guide for ion beam placement. The conductive coatings also minimize specimen charging during IM. Post-IM light microscopy, SEI, and BEI are used to confirm the location of specific areas probed in the IM experiments and to provide information on differential ion-sputtering artifacts and tissue contaminants. This new correlative technique should permit better understanding of the images obtained with these diverse instruments.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 405-414 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Schlagwort(e): Ceramics ; Electron microscopy ; Ion milling ; Specimen preparation ; Sputtering ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
    Notizen: Ion bombardment to perforation is a common technique in the materials sciences by which thin specimens can be prepared for transmission electron microscopy. The process is not without complication and involves radiation damage to the specimen and tends not to preserve the initial specimen topology. Some of the more important facets of the ion-milling process, pertinent to such specimen preparations, are described.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 199-201 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Schlagwort(e): Critical point drying ; Electron microscopy ; Ultrastructure ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
    Notizen: The principles and methods for constructing an improved chamber for dehydration and critical point drying of multiple biological samples are described. The specimen chamber design is based on vertical positioning of the electron microscope grids or coverslips and permits minimal perturbation of laminar solvent flow past the specimens. This condition is requisite for optimal exposure of samples to solvents, which is necessary for complete dehydration and drying. Fragile samples, including chromosomes, critical point dried in the multisample chamber demonstrate crisp, well-preserved, three-dimensional morphology.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 399-404 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Schlagwort(e): Particle size ; Electron microscopy ; Microcomputer programs ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
    Notizen: A formula is derived to enable the calculation of the true height of an object, such as a shadowed latex bead, from electron micrographs. Knowing only the angle of shadowing and the length of the evaporated shadow, and by substituting these values in the derived formula, a microcomputer may be programmed to carry out the necessary computations. An example of such a microcomputer program is given. The correct determination of the height of particles by electron microscopy using the shadowing technique is one of the most accurate methods available for the determination of small particle height.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 229 (1980), S. 57-65 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Schlagwort(e): Electron microscopy ; Gonadotroph hormones ; Pathology ; Pituitary adenoma
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A 57-year-old woman, with long-standing hypogonadism secondary to irradiation of the ovaries, was found to have a pituitary tumor which was removed and investigated by histology, immunocytology and electron microscopy. Histologically, the tumor corresponded to a chromophobe, slightly PAS positive adenoma and the immunoperoxidase stain revealed the presence of both FSH and LH in the cytoplasm of the adenoma cells. The structural features of the adenoma cells resembled those of FSH cells in the nontumorous adenohypophysis. We thus believe that pituitary adenomas consisting of gonadotrophin-producing cells occur and that these may produce both FSH and LH. The relation between the gonadotrophin-producing adenoma and the preceding hypogonadism is uncertain.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 38 (1980), S. 1-10 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Schlagwort(e): TRH-like immunoreactivity ; PAP technique ; Electron microscopy ; Neuronal localization
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary With the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method TRH-like immunoreactivity (TRH-LI) was observed in certain neurons of the central nervous system. Their distribution agreed well with findings previously obtained with the indirect immunofluorescence technique. At the ultrastructural level electron-dense precipitates representing TRH-LI were observed in so-called large dense core vesicles, which were localized both in the cytoplasm of some hypothalamic neuronal cell bodies, as well as in boutons in the hypothalamus and spinal cord. The boutons often seemed to form axo-somatic or axodendritic synapses.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 38 (1980), S. 121-123 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Schlagwort(e): Cat ; Visual cortex ; Corpus callosum ; Horseradish peroxidase ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Horseradish peroxidase was injected in the right visual cortex and a large electrolytic lesion made in the left lateral geniculate nucleus of an adult cat. Neurons of origin of the callosal projection to the injected cortex were identified by retrograde labelling and selected for electron microscopic study. Degenerating thalamo-cortical axon terminals were found to contact a labelled stellate cell in layer IV and a labelled pyramidal cell in layer III at the border region of areas 17 and 18. We conclude that there is a monosynaptic pathway from lateral geniculate nucleus to the cells of origin of callosal axons to the contralateral visual cortex.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 386 (1980), S. 279-291 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Myocardial infarction ; Autonomic nerves ; Electron microscopy ; Rat experiments
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Alterations of cardiac nerves in myocardial infarction were investigated by electron microscopy after differing intervals in 28 rats. During the first 4 h there are, in non-myelinated nerves within the myocardium, a swelling of the axoplasm with the occurrence of ‘pale’ axons and swelling of axonal mitochondria and neurosecretory granules. After bursting of the axolemma, these are spilled into the adjacent interstitial space. After 4 h first myelin figures are observed, and in some axons an accumulation of neurofilaments takes place. During the second to seventh day an extensive vesicular disintegration of axonal structures develops. Because of regressive changes, axons cannot be identified with certainty within the necrosis. After two or three weeks nerves with lamellar enfoldings of cytoplasmic processes corresponding to Büngner bands can be seen at the infarction border. These nerves may contain only a few residual axons. Myelinated nerves show a mainly vesicular disintegration. The results are discussed with regard to their functional significance and the special conditions of the animal model, in which ligature of the coronary artery may not only produce ischemia, but may also, by simultaneous ligature of the adjacent cardiac nerves, induce Wallerian degeneration.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 386 (1980), S. 357-361 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Oesophagus ; Rhabdomyosarcoma ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A 61-year-old man was operated for a large tumor, 12×4 cm in size, in the lower third of the oesophagus. The tumor had the appearance of a pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma showing cross striations by light microscopy and typical sarcomeres by electron microscopy. This is the fifth undisputed oesophageal rhabdomyosarcoma described in the literature and the first examined using electron microscope.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 60
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Glomerulonephritis ; Dense deposit disease ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Eleven cases of glomerulonephritis with dense deposits were selected on the basis of electron microscopic examination performed either on material treated according to conventional techniques (9 cases) or on previously paraffin-embedded material (2 cases). While uniform immuno-histochemical patterns were observed, different features were shown by light microscopy: in only 3 cases were membranoproliferative or lobular patterns present, while in the others a varying degree of mesangial cell proliferation (moderate, mild or even very scanty with focal and segmental distribution) was detected. The generally accepted statement that glomerulonephritis with dense deposits represents a subgroup of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis therefore seems questionable. In addition to several clinical and serological data, these morphological features give further support to the hypothesis that glomerulonephritis with dense deposits is in all respects a peculiar and distinct form of glomerulonephritis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 387 (1980), S. 165-174 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Adenoma ; Electron microscopy ; Immunocytology ; Pituitary ; Pituitary tumor
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Among 343 surgically-removed pituitary adenomas, 56 tumors were unassociated clinically or biochemically with increased hormone secretion and contained no adenohypophysial hormones by the immunoperoxidase technique, except for 10 cases in which a few scattered cells showed positive immunostaining for β-TSH or β-FSH, β-EH, prolactin and/or α-subunit. These tumors were chromophobic adenomas with no PAS, lead hematoxylin or carmoisine positivity and electron microscopy failed to reveal their morphogenesis. The term null cell adenoma of the pituitary is proposed to designate this tumor type. This term recognizes the most obvious features of these tumors: the absence of markers which would permit the disclosure of their cellular origin. Null cells are also found in the nontumorous adeno-hypophysis, suggesting that null cell adenomas derive from preexisting nonneoplastic null cells. The question of whether pituitary null cells are hormonally inactive committed precursors, uncommitted stem cells or dedifferentiated cells remains to be elucidated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 387 (1980), S. 185-191 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Amniotic epithelium ; Diabetes mellitus ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The epithelium of human amnion was examined under the light and electron microscopes. Morphologically, the amniotic epithelium in diabetes mellitus differs from that of a normal term specimen by the following characteristics: 1. An increase in the number of β-shaped glycogen granules and lipid droplets; 2. The presence of epithelial areas with dead cells; 3. Thickening of the basal membrane. Areas with dead cells could be identified in the amniotic epithelium of diabetic patients. These were not found in normal term pregnancies nor in other types of high-risk pregnancies, such as non-diabetic hydramnios, rhesus incompatibility, or pretoxaemia/toxaemia. These findings may indicate that the areas are specific to diabetes mellitus.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 387 (1980), S. 259-270 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Pancreatitis ; Human pancreatitis ; Acute necrotizing pancreatitis ; Acinar cells ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Ultrastructural alterations in pancreatic acini from six patients operated for acute necrotizing pancreatitis are described. One of the patients suffered from biliary tract disease, the rest had excessive alcohol intake as the presumed aetiology. Areas of the pancreatic parenchyma showing oedematous inflammation in light microscopy were studied in the electron microscope. Findings in acinar cells included changes in zymogen granules and an increased autophagocytosis in addition to unspecific organelle alterations. Zymogen granules showed increase in size and number, loss or variation of electron-density and peripheral dissolution. Increased autophagic activity was indicated by several autophagic vacuoles and residual bodies. Acinar lumina were dilated showing effacement of microvilli and invaginations in the luminal plasma membrane of the acinar cells. In acinar lumina and in the interstitium fibrillar material was observed, with an increasing frequency in those areas showing severe cellular disintegration. These findings suggest: 1) an increased activity of zymogen granules, 2) an increased autophagocytosis, and 3) penetration of acinar luminal contents into the interstitium.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 388 (1980), S. 69-76 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Myocardial ischaemia ; Membrane permeability ; Horseradish peroxydase ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Sarcolemmal membrane permeability to intravenously injected horseradish peroxidase HRP (MW=40,000) was examined in 8 Wistar rats which had temporary ischaemia produced by left coronary artery ligation. HRP reaction product was identified following 6 min of circulation time by light and electron microscopy. Controls included 4 uninjected animals with coronary ligation, 2 uninjected animals without myocardial ischaemia and 2 injected non operated rats. In normal myocardium, the tracer permeated endothelial plasmalemmal vesicles, intercellular spaces and intracellular vesicles of the T-tubule system, but never permeated the cytoplasm of myocardium cells. As early as 15 min after coronary artery ligation followed by 6 min of reperfusion with circulation of the tracer, HRP product could be seen in the cytoplasm of muscle cells randomly distributed in the subendocardial area. The quantity of permeated cells increased when the ischaemic myocardium is reperfused during 10 min before injecting the tracer. These data indicate that sarcolemmal membrane alteration is an early event in myocardial ischaemic injury and precede the irreversible cellular degenerative changes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 388 (1980), S. 175-186 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Breast ; Medullary carcinoma ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Three cases of medullary carcinoma complying with strictly defined criteria have been examined by electron microscopy. These carcinomas are characterised by the presence of light and dark tumour cells which exhibit prominent organelles and well-developed Golgi complexes but lack secretory activity. The essential stromal cellular infiltrate of macrophages, lymphocytes and plasma cells contains macrophage-lymphocyte clusters suggesting the existence of an immune response. Also present in the stroma are blood vessels lined by high-endothelial cells of the type said to facilitate lymphocyte migration. It is suggested that light and dark tumour cells with well-developed organelles but absent secretory activity, macrophage-lymphocyte clusters and stromal high-endothelial venules represent specific ultrastructure features of typical medullary carcinoma associated with good prognosis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 66
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Electron microscopy ; Morphometry ; Human left ventricle ; Mitral insufficiency
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary 15 biopsies of dilated and hypertrophied human left ventricles in mitral insufficient hearts were morphometrically investigated. On light and electron microscopical level the results were compared with those received from normally loaded human left ventricles and from hypertrophied human left ventricles found in hearts with aortic valve disease. The results demonstrate alterations when compared with the results from normally loaded left ventricles. The differences between normally loaded and volume loaded left ventricles are smaller than those in pressure loaded left ventricles from aortic valve diseased hearts.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 67 (1980), S. 119-123 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Catecholamine distribution ; Regional catecholamine levels ; Microwave irradiation ; Brain tissue structure ; Histological examination ; Electron microscopy ; Light microscopy ; Tissue disruption
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Recently we reported regional levels of norepinephrine and dopamine in rat brain following microwave irradiation. In our report, we also compared these levels with those of norepinephrine and dopamine following decapitation. Catecholamine levels following exposure to microwave irradiation significantly increased in several areas. However, whether these increases resulted from compound transfer associated with tissue disruption due to high intensity microwave irradiation was not determined. Sections of corpus striatum and locus coeruleus were examined with a light microscope and the interface of the striatum and the cortex showed no trace of tissue breakdown. Transformed cells, vacuolation, and indications of pyknotic degeneration in the nucleus were found in locus coeruleus after irradiation, but the shapes of these cells were well-defined. Electron microscopic photographs of synapses in the same are showed membrane damage after exposure for 5 s at 1.3 kW, but synaptic vesicles were clearly defined. It was concluded that the increased catecholamine levels were not the result of tissue disruption following rapid heating of the brain by irradiation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 68
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Rod-shaped bodies ; Crystalloid inclusions ; Blood vessels ; Endothelium ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In addition to the usual organelles, endothelial cells of ocular blood vessels and Scheemm's canal in adult and fetal Macaca mulatta, contain two types of inclusions: rod-shaped bodies and crystalloids. The rod-shaped bodies are similar to those first described in arterial endothelia of the rat. They are between 0.2 to 0.35 μm in diameter, up to 2.5 μm in length, and are membrane bounded. The crystalloid inclusions are up to 1.2 μm in diameter and are associated with the granular endoplasmic reticulum. Their crystalline lattice consists of subunits, 28 nm in diameter, which are either arranged in rows separated by amorphous matrix or tightly packed in a honeycomb-like lattice. The rod-shaped bodies are much more numerous than the crystalloids; however, both kinds of inclusions are consistently found in both adult and fetal vessels. They represent normal components of ocular vascular endothelia which appear very early in the development of the eye.
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  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 49 (1980), S. 79-83 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Alzheimer's disease ; Dementia ; Aging ; Cortical capillaries ; Basement membrane ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Data concerning width and surface of the basement membrane of cortical capillaries in three patients with Alzheimer's disease five age-matched controls, have been submitted to statistical analysis to ascertain the role of the aging process upon thickening of the basement membrane itself. The analysis showed that there was a significant difference between patients with Alzheimer's disease and controls (P〈0.01) as to both width and surface of the basement membrane, so suggesting that in these patients aging was not the only factor which thickening of the basement membrane of cortical capillaries was related to.
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  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 50 (1980), S. 109-114 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Blastomyces dermatitides ; North American blastomycosis ; Electron microscopy ; Subplasmalemmal linear density ; Fungal infection of central nervous system
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Biopsy tissue from a cerebellar blastomycoma in a 48-year-old man was studied by electron microscopy. The fine structure of the fungi recapitulated that of the yeast forms described in cultures and culture implants. Mycelial forms were not encountered. The yeasts displayed lamellated cell walls and occasional multinucleation. Persistent broad-based budding with complex membranous profiles related to the cell membrane was prominent. The organisms were found within multinucleated giant cells and macrophages which exhibited subplasmalemmal linear densities and occasional desmosomal junctions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 50 (1980), S. 163-166 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Uremia ; Hemodialysis ; Kidney transplantation ; Electron microscopy ; Myopathy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Gastrocnemius muscle biopsies from 19 patients with chronic renal failure were studied by electron microscopy. Thirteen of the biopsies contained pathological muscle fibers. Myopathic findings, such as autolysis and phagocytosis, were seen in eight. Neurogenic findings, such as small atrophic fibers, were observed in seven. Non-specific changes, such as myofibrillar degeneration, abnormal vacuoles, glycogen accumulation, and lipofuscin pigment were also frequent findings. The structural changes from normal were quantitatively more frequent and qualitatively more severe in the muscles of the hemodialysis patients in comparison with those seen in the other patient groups (diet, transplant).
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 50 (1980), S. 153-157 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Toruloma ; Cryptococcus ; Electron microscopy ; Subplasmalemmal linear density ; Epithelioid cells ; Macrophages ; Granulomatous disease ; Fungal infection of central nervous system
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Biopsy tissue from a human cerebral toruloma was studied ultrastructurally. Numerous yeasts were found within extracellular space and within macrophages or epithelioid cells and demonstrated a prominent mucopolysaccharide capsule. Extensive vacuolization of yeast-bearing macrophages was demonstrated. Coating material lined these vacuoles as well as the surface of these cells where numerous coatacts with lymphocytes were observed. The macjophages further displayed prominent subplasmalemmal linear densities, structures common to epithelioid cells in granulomatous diseases as well as a variety of cells of presumed mesodermal origin.
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 49 (1980), S. 85-87 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy ; Muscle biopsy ; Nuclear inclusions ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructural examination of skeletal muscle biopsies of three typical cases of autosomal dominant inherited oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy showed collections of tubular filaments (8.5 nm in diameter) within muscle fibre nuclei. These filaments appear to be a characteristic morphological feature of oculopharyngeal dystrophy.
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  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 51 (1980), S. 229-235 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Rimmed vacuoles ; Lined vacuoles ; Autophagic vacuoles ; Histochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Rimmed vacuoles (Dubowitz and Brooke 1973) have been found in 12 cases with various neuromuscular diseases and are considered to be autophagic in nature. They consisted of multilaminated membranous structures accompanied by glycogen granules, dense bodies, and amorphous, granular, and fibrillar material. The contents of the vacuoles were regarded as having partially dissolved out of the vacuoles in cryostat sections but some were plastered along the walls of the vacuoles and were depicted by the staining procedures for light microscopy. The “lined vacuoles” described by Carpenter et al. (1978) in inclusion body myositis closely agree with the rimmed vacuoles in respect of histochemical and ultrastructural features.
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 159 (1980), S. 81-84 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Electron microscopy ; Myelinated dendrites ; Frog ; Motoneuron ; Spinal cord
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Myelinated dendrites — probably of motoneurons — were found in the spinal cord of the frog. It is assumed that the myelin sheath, by increasing the membrane resistance, improves the function of the dendrite as a cable.
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 267 (1980), S. 115-121 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Schlagwort(e): Hyalinosis of the skin ; Glycosaminoglycan metabolism ; Fibroblasts ; Electron microscopy ; Tissue culture ; Hyalinose der Haut ; Glykosaminoglykan-Stoffwechsel ; Fibroblasten ; Elektronenmikroskopie ; Gewebekultur
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Durch biochemische Untersuchungen von hyalinisierten Hauttumoren der systematisierten Hyalinose (juvenile hyaline Fibromatose) zeigte sich eine gesteigerte Chondroitinsulfatsynthese von dermalen Fibroblasten, die sich in einem erweiterten rauhen endoplasmatischen Reticulum darstellt, sowie eine Steigerung des Chondroitinsulfat-Gehaltes im befallenen Hautbereich. Diese Ergebnisse weisen auf, daß es sich bei der systematisierten Hyalinose um eine Bindegewebserkrankung handelt, die durch eine abnorme Glykosaminoglykan-Synthese der Fibroblasten charakterisiert ist.
    Notizen: Summary Biochemical examinations of a hyalinized skin tumor of systemic hyalinosis (juvenile hyaline fibromatosis) revealed an increase in chondroitin sulfate synthesis by skin fibroblasts with an enlarged, rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum as well as an increase in chondroitin sulfate content. These results indicate that systemic hyalinosis is a connective tissue disorder characterized by abnormal GAG synthesis of fibroblasts.
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 50 (1980), S. 43-52 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Hypoglycemia ; Nerve cell injury ; Electron microscopy ; Rat cerebral cortex
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Severe hypoglycemia was induced in rats by insulin. The brain was fixed in situ by perfusion after the spontaneous EEG had disappeared for 30 or 60 min or after recovery had been induced for 30 or 180 min by glucose injection. Samples from the cerebral cortex from the area corresponding to the previous metabolic studies were processed for electron microscopy. The light-microscopic finding of two different types of nerve cell injury, reported in a preceding communication (Agardh et al. 1980), was also verified at the ultrastructural level. The type I injury was characterized by cellular shrinkage, condensation of the cell sap and nuclei, and perineuronal astrocytic swelling. No swelling of mitochondria occurred. The slightly swollen type II injured neurons showed contraction of mitochondria, disintegration of ribosomes, loss of RER, and appearance of membrane whorls, while their nuclear chromatin remained evenly distributed. No transition from one type to the other was observed. Neither type of nerve cell injury in hypoglycemia was like that commonly seen in anoxic-ischemic insults indicating a different pathogenesis in these states despite the common final pathway of energy failure. The loss of endoplasmic membranes and disintegration of ribosomes suggests that these structures might be sacrificed for energy production in the absence of normal substrates. During recovery, though, the number of type I injured neurons decreased while some of the remaining ones appeared even more severely affected, suggesting irreversible damage. Type II injured neurons were no longer seen indicating reversibility of these changes.
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 50 (1980), S. 121-129 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Cerebral infarction ; Cerebral ischemia ; Collateral sprouting ; Electron microscopy ; Mongolian gerbil ; Terminal degeneration
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Distinct morphological changes were demonstrated in the contralateral hemisphere in the brains of Mongolian gerbils that were subjected to transient unilateral cerebral ischemia. The alterations were most obvious in a narrow region of the contralateral dentate gyrus (fascia dentata), where commissural inputs to the dentate gyrus are known to form synapses with the dentate granule cells. Electron microscopic examination revealed that these changes were caused by degenerative processes which took place in presynaptic terminals of the commissural inputs. An interesting fact was that the degenerated terminals were detected by light microscopy without the aid of special silver impregnation methods. After 1 week, these alterations almost disappeared, and after 3 months the dentate gyrus was undistinguishable from normal. These results strongly suggest that the changes were closely related to axonal degeneration and subsequent repair mechanisms of the brain. The present study indicates the importance of such anatomo-pathological study to delineate the effect of focal ischemia upon distant areas of the brain.
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 52 (1980), S. 41-50 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Kinky hair syndrome ; Brindled mouse ; Purkinje cell ; Mitochondria ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Chronological morphological alterations of the cerebellum, with particular attention to the Purkinje cells, were investigated in the brindled mottled MObr mouse, a neurological mutant mouse with close clinical similarity to Kinky hair syndrome (KHS) in humans. Seven days post-natally, slight irregularity in the morphology of mitochondria of the Purkinje cell perikarya was the only significant difference between hemizygous MObr mice and litter mate controls. With advancing age the mitochondrial change became more pronounced gradually in the former, not only in the perikarya but also in the dendrites. However, by day 31 or later the mitochondrial change subsided gradually and by day 91, the mitochondria in the majority of Purkinje cells became indistinguishable from those of littermate controls. Despite the extensive mitochondrial alteration, degeneration and necrosis of Purkinje cells were rather mild. Degeneration of white matter was quite conspicuous in the mutant mouse older than 31 days. These morphological changes of the cerebellum are compared with those of other neurological mutant mice, Nervous and Purkinje cell degeneration, and with KHS in humans.
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 52 (1980), S. 213-222 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Axonal alterations ; Spinal gray matter ; Normal cat ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In our recent ultrastructural studies on synapses of the nucleus dorsalis, central cervical nucleus, and anterior horn of the spinal cord of the normal cat we happened to find spheroids and several types of axonal alterations. These spheroids were up to 39 μm in diameter. They were found in myelinated and unmyelinated terminal axons and at the node of Ranvier and showed two different types of internal structure. One type was large and composed of spirally arranged neurofilaments and mitochondria in increased quantity, although the mean population density of mitochondria was not high being 1.4/μm2 as compared to the normal value 2.0/μm2. Another type was smaller and consisted of small mitochondria and dense bodies which were increased in number: their mean population densities were 4.5/μm2 and 1.9/μm2, respectively. At present, the rare occurrence of spheroids and atypical axonal alterations makes it difficult to determine the origin of affected axons, although some of them presumably arise from primary afferents.
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 269 (1980), S. 39-49 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Schlagwort(e): Mouse skin ; UV-light ; Experimental elastosis ; Light microscopy ; Electron microscopy ; Mäusehaut ; ultraviolettes Licht ; experimentelle Elastose ; Lichtmikroskopie ; Elektronenmikroskopie
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß chronischer UV-Lichteinwirkung auf das dermale Bindegewebe der Nacktmaus (Ng/-) wurde licht- und elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht (25 Tiere; Dauer der Bestrahlung 8,5 Monate; tägliche Strahlendosis 40±2 J/cm2). Die induzierten Bindegewebsveränderungen entsprechen weitgehend dem Bild, wie es bei der menschlichen aktinischen Elastose angetroffen wird.
    Notizen: Summary The effect of long-term ultraviolet irradiation on the connective tissue of the skin was investigated in 25 naked (Ng/-) mice which received a total daily radiant dose of 40±2 J/cm2 for a period of 8.5 months. The produced alterations were very similar to those found in actinic elastosis of humans, as assessed by histologic and electron-microscopic criteria.
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 268 (1980), S. 91-99 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Schlagwort(e): Hypermelanosis ; Café au lait spot ; Ataxia-telangiectasia ; Electron microscopy ; Hypermelanose ; Café au lait-Flecken ; Ataxia teleangiectasia ; Elektronenmikroskopie
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Café au lait-Flecken scheinen eine der Hautzeichen der Ataxia teleangiectasia zu sein. Sie sind durch eine epidermale Hypermelanosis mit einer normalen Melanocytenzahl charakterisiert. Vom subcellulären Gesichtspunkt wurden zwei wesentliche Abnormalitäten beobachtet. 1. Eine Erhöhung der Synthese von Melanosomen 2. eine Modifikation ihrer Verteilung innerhalb der epidermalen Keratinocyten. Zahlreiche Melanocyten sind in der oberen Epidermis aufzufinden. Auch veränderte Melanocyten sind zu beobachten. Diese zeigen Erweiterung der Mitochondrien, Entwicklung melanosomaler autophagischer Vacuolen, wie auch Fett-Tropfen. Diese Abnormalitäten wurden nicht in der umgebenden normalen Haut aufgefunden. Die Signifikanz dieser Beobachtungen wird diskutiert. Es wird auf die Schweirigkeiten hingewiesen, die aufgrund der histoenzymologischen und ultrastrukturellen Gegebenheiten eine Differentialdiagnose der Café au lait-Flecken ermöglichen könnte.
    Notizen: Summary Café au lait spots appear to represent one of the cutaneous features of Ataxia-telangiectasia (A.T.). At the cellular level, they are characterized by an epidermal hypermelanosis with a normal number of melanocytes. At the subcellular level, two basic abnormalities are observed: (1) an increase in the synthesis of melanosome; (2) a modification of their distribution within the epidermal keratinocytes. Numerous pendulous melanocytes project into the upper dermis. Altered melanocytes are also observed. These show mitochondrial dilatation, melanosomal autophagic vacuoles, as well as lipid droplets. These abnormalities are not observed in the normal surrounding skin. The significance of these observations is discussed and stress is placed on the difficulty in establishing a differential diagnosis of café au lait spots, based on their histoenzymological and ultrastructural features.
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 267 (1980), S. 141-152 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Schlagwort(e): Retinoids ; Keratinocytes ; Keratinization disorders ; Electron microscopy ; Retinoide ; Keratinocyten ; Verhornungsstörungen ; Elektronenmikroskopie
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Die Auswirkung hoher peroraler Dosen des aromatischen Retinoids Ro 10-9359 (25 mg/kg/Tag) auf Meerschweinchenepidermis wurde licht- und elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Die morphologischen Alterationen ließen sich in zwei Stadien einteilen: (a) Daserste Stadium umfaßt entzündliche Gewebsveränderungen, die nach 1wöchiger Applikation einsetzten. Charakteristisch waren das Fehlen der Hornschicht und die vacuoläre cytoplasmatische Disintegration des Stratum Malpighii mit intracellulärem Ödem und stellenweise Ansammlung PAS-positiver Substanzen. Tonofilamente und Desmosomen waren zahlenmäßig vermindert, während Keratinosomen vermehrt auftraten. (b) Imzweiten Regenerationsstadium waren nach 3wöchiger Applikation Ödem und Vacuolisierung rückläufig, eine Hornschicht mit fokaler Parakeratose trat auf und eine mäßige Akanthose war nachweisbar. Elektronenmikroskopisch fand sich eine Hypergranulose, zum Teil mit ungewöhnlichen spongiformen Keratohyalingranula. Die Zahl der Tonofilamente, Desmosomen und Keratinosomen ließ eine deutliche Tendenz zur Normalisierung erkennen. Diese Befunde zeigen, daß die systemische Anwendung von hochdosiertem aromatischen Retinoid zu einem zytotoxischen, keratolytischen und mukoplastischen Effekt an der normalen Epidermis des Meerschweinchens führt; doch die betroffenen Zellen entwickeln offenbar Adaptationsmechanismen, so daß trotz weiterer Verabreichung des Medikamentes es zu einer Restaurierung dieser Veränderungen und zu einer Stimulierung der epidermalen Proliferation mit Akanthose kommt.
    Notizen: Summary The effect of oral aromatic retinoid Ro 10-9359 in a high dosage (25 mg/kg/day) on guinea pig epidermis was investigated by light and electron microscopy. The induced morphological alterations showed two different stages: (a) In theinjury stage, seen after one week of retinoid administration, the epidermis was mainly characterized by lack of the horny layer and vacuolar cytoplasmic disintegration of the malpighian layer with intracellular edema and accumulation of some PAS-positive material. Tonofilaments and desmosomes were markedly reduced, keratinosomes were increased in number. (b) In therecovery stage, seen after 3 weeks of administration, the horny layer had reappeared, the edematous and vacuolar changes were diminished and the epidermis became slightly acanthotic. Hypergranulosis with numerous spongiform keratohyalin granules was a prominent feature. The number of tonofilaments, desmosomes, and keratinosomes showed a clear tendency to normalization. In conclusion, high systemic doses of aromatic retinoid initially exert a cytotoxic, keratolytic, and mucoplastic effect on the normal guinea pig epidermis. Nevertheless, the affected keratinocytes adapt themselves, despite the further administration of the drug, showing a gradual restoration of these changes and a stimulation of epidermal proliferation, leading to acanthosis.
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 30 (1980), S. 43-50 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Osteogenesis ; In vitro ; Electron microscopy ; Mineralization
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Summary Chick limb mesenchymal cells differentiate into muscle, cartilage, fibrous, and bone tissue. Previous reports show that when stage 24 limb mesenchymal cells are cultured in vitro, chondrocytes, myocytes, fibrocytes, and osteoblasts can be identified on the basis of morphological and biochemical parameters. The study reported here demonstrates that phenotypic expression in culture seems to be dependent on the initial plating density, Scanning electron microscopic observations indicate that when stage 24 limb mesenchymal cells are initially seeded at high densities (5 × 106 cells per 35 mm culture dish), mounds of cells appear in culture. These mounds represent cartilage nodules composed of a fine fibrous matrix and chondrocytes, surrounded by a loose fibrous connective tissue matrix. Cultures initially plated at intermediate densities (2.0–2.5 × 106 cells/35 mm culture dish) produce a flattened layer of fibrocytes overlying a matrix of collagen fibers and calcium phosphate deposits as determined by electron-microprobe analysis; these observations are indicative of osteoblast expression. Cells seeded at this intermediate density appear larger and possess greater surface area than cells seeded at high density. It is suggested that conditions that permit such increased cell surface area coupled with a relative compaction due to cell crowding may provide conditions permissive for osteogenesis. Based on morphological criteria, it appears that chick limb mesenchymal cell osteogenesis in vitro is not associated with chondrogenesis but represents a separate route of phenotypic expression.
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  • 85
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Rat ; Calvarium ; Electron microscopy ; Preosteoclasts ; Osteoclasts
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Summary This is a study of the fine structure of cells of the 20-day fetal rat calvarium. Special attention is given to identifying and characterizing preosteoclasts. These cells are relatively common and located largely, but not exclusively, at the endocranial bone surface. The preosteoclasts are characterized by abundant mitochondria, an incomplete perinuclear Golgi apparatus, and variable-shaped dense granules. The dense granules are unique in appearance in that they contain an internal dense matrix surrounded by a clear halo. Most granules are circular in shape but some are elongate or tubular in form. Granules with identical appearance are observed in osteoclasts. The preosteoclasts are mononucleate, or occasionally binucleate. It is suggested that because preosteoclasts are morphologically distinctive and relatively abundant, it should be feasible to separate these cells from a heterogeneous cell isolate.
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  • 86
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Decalcification ; Electron microscopy ; Bone matrix ; Bone glycoproteins
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Summary A solution of triethylammonium EDTA in 80% ethanol was evaluated as a demineralizing reagent for bone in comparison with aqueous solutions of EDTA. Biochemical analysis and acrylamide gel electrophoresis of extracts of finely powdered bovine bone showed that most of the macromolecular components of the organic matrix extractable in aqueous EDTA were retained when the triethylammonium EDTA reagent was used. Ultrastructural examination of chick tibias decalcified with the reagents showed a better preservation of cellular morphology, especially the membranous components, and more uniformly distributed ground substance, though slightly less in quantity, when the aqueous reagent was used. Use of the two reagents appears to be complementary, the alkylammonium reagent being more appropriate for use in studies of the organic matrix of bone, including immunohistochemical studies of bone glycoproteins. The aqueous reagent is more appropriate for use in studies of cellular ultrastructure.
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 40 (1980), S. 119-121 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Schlagwort(e): Rana esculenta ; Spinal cord ; Granular vesicles ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Two types of large granular vesicles have been demonstrated in the spinal cord of the frog Rana esculenta. Each type is contained in different fibres located in the neuropil of the ventral horn. The two types of vesicles differ in their diameter and quantity, in the smoothness of their limiting membrane and the electron density of their core. The possibility that they contain peptides is discussed.
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  • 88
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Schlagwort(e): Mitochondrion ; Polybrominated biphenyl ; Liver ; Electron microscopy ; Toxicity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Electron microscopic study of livers from mice fed 167 ppm polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) revealed mitochondrial abnormalities which consisted of both alterations in size and the formation of crystalline-like inclusions within the mitochondrial matrix. These inclusions appeared as parallel arrays of rods and were found in elongated mitochondria which contained few cristae. The findings are briefly described and the possible significance of such inclusions in relation to mitochondrial aberrations are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 58 (1980), S. 667-680 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Schlagwort(e): Amyloidose ; Glomerulus ; Proteinurie ; Elektronenmikroskopie ; Amyloidogenese ; Amyloidosis ; Glomerulus ; Proteinuria ; Electron microscopy ; Amyloidogenesis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary Light and electron microscopic investigations were carried out on kidney biopsies in renal amyloidosis cases. Particular attention was paid to the relationships between glomerular amyloidosis and proteinuria. On the basis of a grading of the amyloidotic glomeruli (grade G 1: only mesangium affected; G 2: mesangium affected with involvement of less than 50% of the loops; G 3: mesangium affected with involvement of more than 50% of the loops; G 4: amyloidotic obliteration), the individual cases were graded according to the predominance of the G grade into four grades (CI to CIV). It was shown that the majority of the cases investigated belong to grade CII and III. However, four cases of grade C I (predominant involvement of the mesangium only, i.e. the capillary loops were free of amyloid) with proteinuria up to 12 g/24 h were also observed. All four groups (C I to C IV) showed comparable mean values for proteinuria despite extreme differences in the degree of amyloidosis. In the pooled evaluation of the electron micrographs of capillary loops including the mesangium of all cases investigated (C I to C III), there was the following result: 1. 94% of the sectioned mesangia contained fibrillar amyloid. 2. Amyloid-containing mesangia can be associated either with amyloid-containing loops (type a=34%), with borderline loops (type b=35%) or with loops of normal structure (type n=31%). Under the simplifying assumption that the section picture is representative for the entire loop, this means that in biopsies of renal amyloidosis grades C I to C III (proteinuria between 2.5 and 20 g/24 h) on average more than half of the glomerular capillary loops were found to be free of amyloid. 3. In relation to the individual case groups, the percentage of amyloid-containing loops is shown to differ. Indeed, in the group with the lowest degree of amyloidosis (C I) an average of 92% of the capillary loops proved to be free of amyloid despite proteinuria of up to 12 g/24 h (type b and n). It is inferred from these and other data that the elevation in permeability of the glomerular filter must in principle be independent of the presence of morphologically demonstrable fibrillar amyloid in the capillary loop. On the other hand, the essential importance for the filter defect is accorded to the process of “amyloidogenesis”, which interferes with the physicochemical characteristics of the gel filter and which is followed by “manifestation of amyloid”. The morphological findings and a few apparently contradictory clinical observations can be explained on this basis.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung An Nierenbiopsien bei Nierenamyloidose wurden licht- und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen ausgeführt, insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Zusammenhänge zwischen Amyloidose des Glomerulus und Proteinurie. Auf der Grundlage einer Graduierung der amyloidotischen Glomeruli (Grad G1: rein mesangialer Befall; G 2: mesangialer Befall mit Beteiligung der Schlingen weniger als 50%; CIII mesangialer Befall mit Beteiligung der Schlingen mehr als 50%; G 4: amyloidotische Verödung) wurden die einzelnen Fälle je nach Vorherrschen des G-Grades graduiert (CI bis C IV). Es zeigte sich, daß die Mehrzahl der untersuchten Fälle den Graden C II und C III angehören. Es wurden aber auch 4 Fälle des Grades C I (ganz überwiegend rein mesangialer Befall, d.h. amyloidfreie Kapillarschlingen) mit Proteinurie bis 12 g/24 h beobachtet. Alle vier Gruppen (CI bis CIV) zeigten trotz extremer Unterschiede im Amyloidbefall vergleichbare Mittelwerte für die Proteinurie. Bei der gemeinsamen (gepoolten) Auswertung der elektronenmikroskopischen Aufnahmen von Kapillarschlingen inclusive Mesangium aller untersuchten Fälle (C I bis C III) ergab sich folgendes: 1. 90% der getroffenen Mesangien enthielten fibrilläres Amyloid. 2. Amyloidhaltige Mesangien können in Verbindung stehen entweder mit amyloidhaltigen Schlingen (Typ a=34%) oder mit Borderline-Schlingen (Typ b=35%) oder mit normal strukturierten Schlingen (Typ n=31%). Unter der vereinfachenden Voraussetzung, daß das Schnittbild für die gesamte Schlinge repräsentativ ist, bedeutet das, daß bei Nierenamyloidosen mit erheblicher Proteinurie im Mittel weit mehr als die Hälfte der glomerulären Kapillarschlingen amyloidfrei gefunden wird. In der Gruppe mit dem geringsten Amyloidbefall (C I) erweisen sich trotz Proteinurie bis 12 g/24 h im Mittel sogar 92% der Kapillarschlingen als amyloidfrei (Typ b und n). Aus diesen und anderen Daten wird abgeleitet, daß die Permeabilitätserhöhung des glomerulären Filters unabhängig sein muß von der Anwesenheit morphologisch nachweisbaren fibrillären Anyloids an der Schlinge. Die wesentliche Bedeutung für den Filterdefekt wird vielmehr dem Vorgang der „Amyloidogenese“ zugesprochen, der als solcher in die physikochemische Beschaffenheit des Gelfilters eingreift und der von der „Amyloidmanifestation“ gefolgt ist. Auf dieser Grundlage lassen sich die erhobenen morphologischen Befunde und einige scheinbar widersprüchliche klinische Beobachtungen erklären.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 128 (1980), S. 179-189 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Allomyces ; Zoospores ; Cell wall ; Chitin ; Gamma particle ; Encystment ; Electron microscopy ; Calcofluor
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Structural changes during cell wall formation by populations of semisynchronously germinating zoospores were studied in the water mold Allomyces macrogynus. Fluorescence microscopy using Calcofluor white ST (which binds to β-1,4-linked glycans) demonstrated that Calcofluor-specific material was deposited around most cells between 2–10 min after the induction of encystment (beginning when a wall-less zoospore retracts its flagellum and rounds up). During the first 15 min of encystment there was a progressive increase in fluorescence intensity. Ultrastructural analysis of encysting cells showed that within 2–10 min after the induction of encystment small vesicles 35–70 nm diameter were present near the spore surface, and some were in the process of fusing with the plasma membrane. The fusion of vesicles with the zoospore membrane was concomitant with the appearance of electron-opaque fibrillar material outside the plasma membrane. Vesicles similar to those near the spore surface were found within the gamma (γ) particles of encysting cells. These particles had a crystalline inclusion within the electron-opaque matrix. During the period of initial cyst cell wall formation numerous vesicles appeared to arise at the crystal-matrix interface. Approximately 15–20 min was required for the cell wall to be formed. We suggest that the initial response of the zoospore to induction of encystment is the formation of a cell wall mediated by the fusion of cytoplasmic vesicles with the plasma membrane.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 126 (1980), S. 277-283 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Bacteriophage ; Myxococcus ; λ ; Superooiled DNA ; Cross-linking ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract DNA was partially released from the heads of myxococcus phages and also coliphage λ and examined by electron microscopy by a modification of the Kleinschmidt technique, in which water was used as hypophase. DNA emerged from the heads in patterns suggestive of newly relaxed supercoils. The unreleased DNA appeared to occupy discrete regions in the head. Some closed circles were released from λ heads. When NaCl solution was used as hypophase, the DNA was observed either released from the tail or from the head, in the latter case, supercoiled regions were observed. When NH4OAc solution was used as hypophase, tightly wound structures were released from λ heads; these fields also contained supercoiled circles. The presence of constrained supercoiled domains in newly released phage DNA was confirmed by observing the effects of ethidium bromide on its conformation. Treatment of phage with nitrogen mustard, a bifunctional alkylating agent, preserved supercoiled domains, even when the phage were lysed over water as hypophase. Further experiments suggested that phage inactivation by nitrogen mustard is largely due to restraint of the supercoiled, native, tertiary structure and that DNA-protein cross-linking may be involved in this reaction. The implications of these findings for the conformation of phage DNA in vivo are discussed and a new model for the winding of DNA in phage heads is proposed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 92
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Immunoferritin labeling ; Electron microscopy ; Membrane vesicles ; Nitrate reductase ; Bacillus licheniformis ; Klebsiella aerogenes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The indirect immunoferritin labeling method was used to localize the membrane-bound respiratory nitrate reductase in membrane vesicles and protoplasts or spheroplasts of Bacillus licheniformis and Klebsiella aerogenes, respectively. For a comparison of the labeling of the various vesicle preparations, which differed not only in size but also in the percentage of inside-out orientation, a quantification of the results was needed to circumvent the problem of non-specifically bound ferritin. From the results the sidedness of the nitrate reductase in the cytoplasmic membrane of the abovementioned bacteria was determined as being cytoplasmic in B. licheniformis and as transmembranous in K. aerogenes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 128 (1980), S. 12-18 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Moraxella glucidolytica ; Electron microscopy ; Lipopolysaccharide
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A cellular (LPS I) and extracellular (LPS II) lipopolysaccharide were isolated from Moraxella glucidolytica cells grown on ethanol and from the culture fluid, respectively. Both LPS were toxic when injected to mice and chick embryos. These LPS contained glucose, galactose, glucosamine, galactosamine, 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate and lipids. By permethylation studies, glucose was found to be linked (1→6) and (1→3) in LPS I and only (1→6) in LPS II. Galactose was the terminal non-reducing sugar. Branching occurred at positions 3 and 4 of galactose residues. LPS I was rich in α- and β-hydroxylauric and α-hydroxymyristic acids and LPS II contained mainly stearic and α-hydroxymyristic acids. LPS I was detoxified by mild acid and alkaline treatments. It was also dissociated by sodium deoxycholate and chromatographed on Sephadex G-75. The main fraction was reassociated by removing the surfactant by dialysis. The morphology of LPS I and LPS II was examined by electron microscopy. LPS I (original and reassociated fractions) consisted exclusively of ribbons while LPS II contained ribbons and vesicles.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 126 (1980), S. 87-95 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Ascodichaena ; Beech bark ; Electron microscopy ; Host-fungus relationship
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Ascodichaena rugosa Butin is a corkinhabiting fungus, found frequently on the bark of Fagus sylvatica L. The hyphae of the fungus are distributed solely in the phellem cells, stopping their growth in the last-formed cork cell layer. The cell to cell invasion is effected by penetration hyphae, causing no extensive dissolution of the cork wall. Electron microscopical observations revealed fine structural details of the fruit bodies and of the intracellular hyphae. Of special interest were the finger-like hyaline hyphae in the last-formed layer of cork cells, which are interpreted as haustoria on the basis of the fine structure both of hyphae and host cells. This situation is considered as reflecting a parasitic relationship of Ascodichaena to beech bark. The activity of the fungus led also to the increased production of cork cells, perhaps related to the nutrient supply of the fungus.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 385 (1980), S. 215-231 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Sphingomyelinase deficit ; Niemann-Pick disease ; Liver ; Histochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The results of a complex analysis of liver tissue are presented (four biopsy and two autopsy samples) obtained from six patients with Niemann-Pick disease (NPD) with a gross deficiency of sphingomyelinase (SMase) accompanied by a typical increase in sphingomyelin (SM). There were five cases of NPD type A (four of them with an atypical, prolonged course) and one case of type B. By means of lipid histochemistry it was possible to demonstrate SM storage both in hepatocytes and in the reticuloendothelial system (RES) of the liver (Kupffer cells and portal macrophages) and to show in two siblings with NPD type A a so-far undescribed centrilobular storage pattern. Enzyme histochemistry revealed a secondary deficit of nonspecific esterase activity and acid β-galactosidase in liver storage macrophages and varying degrees of suppression of hepatocytic enzyme activities as a reaction to lipid storage of sudden onset. Ultrastructurally, it was possible to demonstrate cholesterol in lysosomes by using digitonin fixation, the involvement of Ito cells in lipid storage, the aggregation of storage lysosomes with certain other organelles and their occasional connections with the endoplasmic reticulum. The problems of possible lipid extraction during processing were considered as a cause of pronounced lysosomal electron-lucidity and of the ultrastructural identification of the participating lipopigment. The significance of the findings is discussed in relation to the existing classification and, particularly, to the stored lipid dilemma of cases of NPD type C.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 206 (1980), S. 55-63 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Phagocytosis ; Spermatozoa ; Ovum ; Fertilization ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Spermatozoa with intact acrosomes, as well as those coming into contact with the ovum at a smaller angle, and morphologically abnormal spermatozoa reach the plasma membrane of the ovum via an extensively dissolved zone of the inner layer of the vitelline membrane. This zone is assumed to be formed by overlapping of two or more tunnels formed by spermatozoa that had previously come into contact with the ovum. When a spermatozoon comes into contact with the plasma membrane of the ovum, many cytoplasmic processes extend outwards and cover it. Thereafter, the plasma membranes of the processes fuse, thereby phagocytizing the spermatozoon. It is assumed that the phagocytized spermatozoa cannot undergo transformation into male pronuclei and that they degenerate soon after phagocytosis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 206 (1980), S. 225-232 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Compound eye ; Photoreceptor membrane ; Electron microscopy ; Calcium-induced changes ; Artefacts ; Diptera
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary When the compound eyes of the fly Lucilia are fixed for electron microscopy with glutaraldehyde in common buffer solutions, artefactual whorls are liable to be formed from the photoreceptor microvilli. The whorls result from two factors: (i) a prolonged time interval prior to osmication, such as the “overnight” primary fixation or wash at 4° C commonly used in studies of compound eyes; (ii) as little as 1–2 mM Ca++ in the primary fixative and wash solutions. Osmication after short (1 h) glutaraldehyde fixation at 4° C, or omission of Ca++ and addition of 2 mM EGTA, prevent whorl-formation. In the tipulid fly Ptilogyna, similar artefacts are produced, but are confined to the distal zone of the microvilli that sheds during turnover.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 211 (1980), S. 83-93 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Epithelium ; Cloaca ; Electron microscopy ; Hen
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The epithela of the three divisions (coprodaeum, urodaeum, proctodaeum) of the cloaca of the hen, and of the excretory ducts (colon, ureter, vagina) which join the divisions, are described using light microscopy, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Each region of the cloaca has its typical epithelium. Special attention is focussed in this study on the boundaries between the different epithelia. The coprodaeal epithelium does not differ considerably from that of the colon; a transitional zone is not visible. Distinct border zones, however, are observed between the other regions (ureter — urodaeum; vagina — urodaeum and proctodaeum; urodaeum-proctodaeum; proctodaeum — cutis). Although the vaginal opening is generally thought to lie in the urodaeum, our investigations show that at the vaginal opening into the cloaca the ciliated epithelium changes, on one border to a secretory epithelium characteristic of the urodaeum and on the other border to that characteristic of the proctodaeum. These observations are discussed in relation to functional aspects.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 211 (1980), S. 171-174 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Pancreatic D cell ; Neural control ; Vagotomy ; Electron microscopy ; Fowl
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In an attempt to determine the neural control of pancreatic D cells, the pancreatic islets of the domestic fowl were examined electron microscopically from 1 to 28 days after abdominal vagotomy. Exocytotic release of many secretory granules from D cells occurred one day after vagotomy. Rough endoplasmic reticulum developed and formed an arrangement of concentric whorls in the cytoplasm of D cells after axotomy. The altered D cells were also characterized by the occurrence of many peculiar dense bodies in the apical cytoplasm at all time periods studied. These bodies varied in shape and size, containing several round vesicles. The D cells were extensively depleted of granules after the longer time periods following vagotomy. The present results provide new morphological evidence for the vagus-nerve control of D cells, which may regulate the activity of islet cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 211 (1980), S. 191-206 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Hypothalamus ; Transplants ; Vasopressin ; Median eminence ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Blocks of anterior hypothalamus were transplanted from 19 day-old fetuses of Wistar/Lewis rats into the third ventricle of adult male Brattleboro rats. Physiological changes in graft recipients and in sham-operated animals were monitored daily. Twenty days after surgery, the graft recipients and shamoperated animals were killed and their brains examined by correlative scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Host animals that exhibited both decreased polydipsia and increased urine concentration were found to have viable grafts within the third ventricle. The observed physiological changes suggested that synthesis and release of vasopressin occurred in the transplanted neurons. Grafts were well vascularized by vessels arising from the host hypothalamus. Neurons, with perikarya ranging from 8 to 30 μm in diameter, glial cells, and neurites were located throughout the transplants. A neurohemal contact zone, similar to that normally seen in the median eminence, could not be demonstrated in the grafts. The absence of complete glial and ependymal barriers indicates a relatively close association between cells in the transplants and the cerebrospinal fluid. A large increase in supraependymal neurons and their processes, including an eruption of neurons through the floor of the third ventricle in one animal, was observed in graft recipients but not in shamoperated animals.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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