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  • 1995-1999  (177)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1960-1964
  • 1999  (177)
  • Immunohistochemistry  (100)
  • CT  (77)
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Years
  • 1995-1999  (177)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1960-1964
Year
Keywords
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Involvement of tenascin-C in proliferation and migration of laryngeal carcinoma cells (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 435 (1999), S. 496-500 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Tenascin-C ; Laryngeal carcinoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; In situ hybridization ; Cell proliferation ; Cell migration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Tenascin-C (TN-C) is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein upregulated in various pathological processes. In this study, we investigated its distribution in dysplasia and carcinoma of the human larynx using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization (ISH) techniques. In all cancer tissues, TN-C immunostaining was markedly increased in the stroma, especially around the cancer cell nests. In addition, cytoplasmic staining of cancer cells was also observed in 62.5% of the invasive cases, the cells being distributed in the periphery of the nests adjacent to the stroma. TN-C mRNA signals in cancer cells were detected in all six cases examined by ISH. Furthermore, in vitro evaluation of the roles of TN-C demonstrated an increase in the proliferating cell fraction in a dose-dependent manner. In a wound closure assay, the addition of TN-C promoted migration. We conclude that TN-C secreted by cancer cells may be involved in their proliferation and migration in an autocrine fashion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050433
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Malignant myoepithelioma of the breast metastasizing to the jaw (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 435 (1999), S. 520-523 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Breast neoplasms ; Malignant myoepithelioma ; Metastasis ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A breast tumor in a 52-year-old female was interpreted as a malignant myoepithelioma based on morphological and immunohistochemical studies. The tumor consisted of elongated cells with clear cytoplasm and lacked glandular components. The tumor cells were stained positively for keratin, S-100 protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and muscle-specific actin. Distant metastasis in the right jaw developed 8 years after the initial surgery and the metastatic deposit showed a similar morphology and immunoreactivity. Myoepithelial tumors are generally considered as benign or low-grade lesions and distant metastasis has been rarely documented. The present case presents the possibility of delayed occurrence of distant metastasis in myoepithelial tumor of the breast.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050436
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Innervation of human adrenal gland and adrenal cortical lesions (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 435 (1999), S. 580-589 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Abstract Adrenal cortex ; Adrenal tumour ; Innervation ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neuronal markers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The innervation of the human adrenal gland and of cortical lesions was studied in sections of cortical tissue (n=10), hyperplastic cortical tissue (n=3), and tissue from cortical adenomas (n=5) and carcinomas (n=6). The presence and distribution of nerve structures containing neuronal markers indicating sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation were studied by immunohistochemistry and the co-existence and co-localization patterns of the different markers by immunofluorescence. The cortex and hyperplastic cortical tissue had a moderate to rich supply of nerve structures containing the typical neuronal markers: protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), small vesicle synaptic protein type 2 (SV2), and nerves showing immunoreactivity to the adrenergic marker tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). All these immunoreactive nerves were located predominantly adjacent to blood vessels, but also among parenchymal cells. The cortex showed numerous nerve structures containing the neuropeptide substance P (SP), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and vasoactive intestinal protein (VIP), but few nerves containing these peptides were seen in hyperplastic cortical tissue. Typical markers were occasionally observed in cortical adenomas but were not found in carcinomas, except in a few cases where PGP 9.5 and NSE were present, but only adjacent to necrotic areas. Nerves containing NPY and VIP occurred in varying numbers in both adenomas and carcinomas. NPY- and VIP-immunoreactive nerve structures were seen mostly alongside blood vessels. There were several types of co-existence. For instance, NSE/VIP-, TH/VIP- and TH/NPY-immunoreactive nerve structures were often seen in the same trunk, but were only partly co-localized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050444
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proliferation marker Ki-S11 – a prognostic indicator for squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 435 (1999), S. 590-595 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Hypopharynx carcinoma ; Prognosis ; Proliferation ; Ki-S11 ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  As a potential prognostic factor, the proliferative activity of 131 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the hypopharynx and 47 of their cervical lymph-node metastases was analyzed retrospectively by means of monoclonal antibody Ki-S11 immunostaining, which specifically detects the Ki-67 antigen on paraffin-embedded tissue. Median follow-up time was 37.6 months. Ki-S11 revealed distinctive patterns of proliferating cells related to the degree of differentiation. The proliferation fractions in the primaries and their lymph-node metastases did not differ significantly. Patients with high proliferating hypopharynx carcinomas (〉45% labeled cells) had a significantly lower 5-year-survival rate (16%) than patients with low proliferating tumors, whose 5-year-survival rate was 30% (P=0.01). A statistically significant positive correlation was also observed between proliferative activity and lymph-node status (P=0.012). In conclusion, the proliferative activity as determined by means of Ki-S11 immunostaining is of prognostic value with respect to both survival and metastatic risk in SCC of the hypopharynx.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050445
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mixed ductal-endocrine carcinoma of the pancreas presenting as gastrinoma with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome: an autopsy case with a 24-year survival period (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 435 (1999), S. 606-611 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Mixed ductal-endocrine carcinoma ; Pancreas ; Gastrinoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  We report an autopsy case of mixed ductal-endocrine carcinoma of the pancreas presenting as gastrinoma with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. A 38-year-old Japanese male was found to have Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and pancreatic gastrinoma, and gastrectomy and resection of the pancreatic tumor were performed. However, hypergastrinemia persisted, and the patient died of disseminated carcinomatosis at 62 years of age, 24 years after the onset of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. At autopsy, the main tumor was present in the residual pancreas, and metastases were noted in many organs. In the pancreas and other organs, ductal and endocrine carcinoma areas were mixed and there was a gradual transition between the two. No acinar differentiation was noted. The ductal elements were positive for mucins and carcinoembryonic antigen but negative for neuroendocrine markers, while endocrine elements were positive for chromogranin A and synaptophysin and to a lesser extent for gastrin, but negative for mucins and carcinoembryonic antigen. The ductal elements comprised about 30% of the tumor cells, and endocrine elements 70%. According to the revised World Health Organization classification, our case was diagnosed as mixed ductal-endocrine carcinoma. Our case is rare because the tumor manifested as gastrinoma with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and the patient survived for 24 years. To the best of our knowledge, no such case has been reported. Our case suggests that pancreatic endocrine tumors may evolve into mixed ductal-endocrine carcinomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050447
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The radiological findings in chronic expanding hematoma (1999)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 28 (1999), S. 396-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Chronic expanding hematoma ; Ancient hematoma ; CT ; MRI ; Soft tissue mass
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Objective. To identify the characteristic MRI findings of chronic expanding hematoma correlated with the pathology. Design and patients. Three patients who had a chronic expanding hematoma involving the musculoskeletal system were reviewed retrospectively. Results and conclusion. Huge soft tissue masses suggestive of malignancy with destruction of the bony structure were revealed on radiography and computed tomography. MRI showed the masses to exhibit heterogeneous signal intensity on both T1- and T2-weighted images with a peripheral rim of low signal intensity, reflecting the central zones of fluid collection due to fresh and altered blood with a wall of collagenous fibrous tissue. These MRI findings were seen in all three patients and are considered to be characteristic; they assist in differentiation from neoplasm in consideration of the history of trauma or surgery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050536
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Post-Paget telangiectatic osteosarcoma of the skull (1999)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 28 (1999), S. 470-472 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Telangiectatic osteosarcoma ; CT ; Paget’s disease ; skull
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Sarcomatous transformation is the most dreaded complication of Paget’s disease. We report on a case of post-Paget telangiectatic osteosarcoma of the skull, a variant of osteogenic osteosarcoma, in a 79-year-old woman. We discuss the radiological pattern in relationship to the differential diagnosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050549
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Malignant degeneration of an osteochondroma with unusual intra-bursal invasion (1999)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 28 (1999), S. 540-543 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Chondrosarcoma ; Osteochondroma ; Bursa ; CT ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Multiple hereditary osteochondromatosis is an uncommon autosomal dominant condition in which patients are predisposed to the development of chondrosarcoma. We report a case of a patient who developed a secondary low-grade chondrosarcoma in this setting. The tumor was associated with an unusual multinodular invasive growth pattern into a pre-existing bursa that was present overlying the osteochondroma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050560
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Osteolytic extra-axial sacral myxopapillary ependymoma (1999)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 28 (1999), S. 584-589 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Myxopapillary ependymoma ; Sacrum ; Osteolysis ; X ray ; CT ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The authors report an unusual case of sacral osteolytic myxopapillary ependymoma treated with curettage and radiotherapy. There is no evidence of recurrence 8 years after treatment. A review of the literature is presented on sacral ependymomas presenting with an osteolytic radiographic appearance (24 cases in 18 reports). The differential diagnosis with other sacral neoplasms is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050624
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extraskeletal osteochondroma of the foot (1999)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 28 (1999), S. 594-598 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Osteochondroma ; Chondroma ; Extraskeletal tumor ; Soft tissue tumor ; Foot ; CT ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A case of pathologically proven extraskeletal osteochondroma is presented with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), bone scan and radiographic findings. The diagnosis of extraskeletal osteochondroma should be considered when a discrete, ossified mass is localized in the soft tissues of the distal extremities. Nomenclature surrounding this entity is controversial and is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050626
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proliferative myositis in a child (1999)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 28 (1999), S. 703-709 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Proliferative myositis ; Childhood ; Lumbar muscles ; Ossification ; X-ray ; CT ; MRI ; PET
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A case of proliferative myositis in the lumbar paraspinal muscles in a 14-year-old boy is presented. Imaging investigations including plain radiograph, ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), bone scan and positron emission tomography (PET) were suggestive of an inflammatory process such as myositis ossificans. The diagnosis was made by incisional biopsy. More pronounced edema, more muscle fiber necrosis and a higher cellularity were found compared to adult cases. The karyotype of the lesion was normal. Clinically, the mass disappeared spontaneously. After 24 months, asymptomatic bridging ossification between the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae was noted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050577
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recurrent, multiple, calcified soft tissue metastases from osteogenic sarcoma without pulmonary involvement (1999)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 28 (1999), S. 710-713 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Osteosarcoma ; conventional ; Metastasis ; Soft tissues ; Retroperitoneum ; CT ; X-ray
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Osteosarcoma (osteogenic sarcoma) metastasizes primarily to the lung. With the introduction of neoadjuvant chemotherapy as part of the treatment, the overall and disease-free survival rates have dramatically improved. In this case report, a young man with multiple soft tissue and bone metastases, including a rare large bone-forming retroperitoneal metastasis, is described. Despite the extensive extrapulmonary metastases, the patient did not develop pulmonary metastases in the 4 years following initial presentation of the primary tumour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050578
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Progressive destructive vertebral sarcoid leading to surgical fusion (1999)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 28 (1999), S. 717-722 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Sarcoid ; vertebrae ; Sarcoid ; rib ; Sarcoid ; calvarium ; Osteolytic ; CT ; MRI ; Surgical fusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Skeletal sarcoidosis is rare. This report describes a 31-year-old African American man who presented with a destructive osteolytic lesion of C2 and another lesion in a rib. The lesion at C2 was treated with corpectomy and bone graft. Four months later the lesion recurred and a new lesion was discovered in the cervical vertebral column. The patient declined surgery for instability for another 3 months, choosing to remain in a halo. Seven months following the initial operation, a technetium bone scan showed spread of the disease to the calvarium and thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. The patient had no symptoms referable to these sites. The patient agreed to have his neck fused at this point. For the next 10 months, the patient was on steroids and a further new lesion appeared at L5 without localizing signs or symptoms. The patient declined further evaluation over the next 12 months and is now considered lost to follow-up.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050580
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unusual longitudinal stress fractures of the femoral diaphysis: report of five cases (1999)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 28 (1999), S. 81-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Stress fractures ; CT ; MR imaging ; Radionuclide study ; Femur ; stress fractures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  We present five cases of a distinctive type of longitudinal stress fracture of the upper femoral shaft in which the fracture line is parallel to the outer surface of the bone, in contrast to the perpendicular orientation to the cortical surface in previously reported cases of diaphyseal stress fractures. In two cases the fracture recurred after 15 and 18 months, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050478
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chondrosarcoma of the foot: imaging, surgical and pathological correlation of three new cases (1999)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 28 (1999), S. 153-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Bone tumor ; Chondrosarcoma ; CT ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Tumor of the ankle ; Tumor of the foot
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The foot is an uncommon location for chondrosarcoma. The presentation, diagnosis, pathological findings, surgical treatment and follow-up of three patients with chondrosarcoma in this rare location are presented. Though nonspecific, MR imaging findings were of aid in the diagnosis and treatment planning of these patients. If the diagnosis of this tumor is rapidly made, a tumor excision instead of limb amputation may be sufficient treatment at surgery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050492
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SAPHO syndrome: 20-year follow-up (1999)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 28 (1999), S. 159-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words SAPHO syndrome ; CT ; Parosteal osteosarcoma ; Sternoclavicular joints
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Considerable attention has been paid in the past 10 years to the radiological spectrum of disease entities belonging to the SAPHO syndrome. We report an unusual case presenting with an extra-axial (femoral) lesion, prior to description of this syndrome, which was radiologically and histologically mistaken for a parosteal osteosarcoma. Nineteen years later, a further lesion developed in the scapula together with the typical sternoclavicular manifestations, at which stage the correct diagnosis of SAPHO syndrome was established.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050493
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tumors of peripheral nerves: correlation of symptoms, clinical signs, imaging features, and histologic diagnosis (1999)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 28 (1999), S. 183-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor ; Schwannoma ; Neurofibroma ; CT ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Objective. To distinguish between benign and malignant tumors in the peripheral nerves. Design and patients. The clinical, imaging and histologic findings of 99 benign and 16 malignant tumors in the peripheral nerves were reviewed retrospectively. Results. Preoperative motor weakness was observed in only six of 99 benign tumors and was mild, while slight to severe motor weakness was present in 15 of 16 malignant lesions. Pain at rest was present in five of 99 benign tumors and in 15 of 16 malignant tumors. All benign lesions showed a smooth tumoral margin, while half the malignant lesions showed an invasive margin on CT or MRI. Thirteen of 28 benign lesions on CT and nine of 23 on MRI showed round to geographic central enhancement, but this pattern was not seen in malignant lesions. Conclusion. Absence of severe motor weakness and a central enhancement pattern strongly suggest a benign nature, while severe rest pain and invasive tumor margin suggest malignant lesions in peripheral nerve tumors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050498
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spinal osteoblastoma: CT and MR imaging with pathological correlation (1999)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 28 (1999), S. 33-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Osteoblastoma ; Spine ; Radiography ; CT ; MRI ; Pathology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Objectives. To illustrate the CT and MRI features of spinal osteoblastomas and correlate the imaging with histological findings. Design. In a retrospective review the CT and MRI features of spinal osteoblastomas with respect to mineralisation, signal intensity (SI), adjacent reactive changes, enhancement following gadolinium-DTPA (5 cases) and adjacent soft tissue masses were compared and correlated with the histological findings including the degree of osteoid formation and matrix mineralisation, vascularity and surrounding reactive changes in bone and soft tissue. Patients. Eleven patients (7 males and 4 females; age range 8–43 years, mean age 19.5 years) with 12 osteoblastomas (1 patient suffered a recurrence) were studied. Results. All lesions showed classical features on CT with varying degrees of matrix mineralisation, whereas MRI identified mineralisation in only eight of 12 cases. MRI showed low signal intensity of the lesion on both T1- and T2-weighted sequences in several cases in the absence of heavy mineralisation. In these cases, histological examination revealed diffuse osteoid production by the tumour. All patients given gadolinium showed enhancement within the tumour on MRI. Reactive bone marrow changes were identified on MRI in 10 cases, and in five of these the changes were at multiple levels. An adjacent soft tissue mass was demonstrated in five cases, but extraosseous tumour was present histologically in only two of these. Conclusions. The MRI appearances of spinal osteoblastomas are varied and show no characteristic features. MRI may also overestimate the extent of the lesion due to extensive reactive changes and adjacent soft tissue masses. CT should continue to be the investigation of choice for the characterisation and local staging of suspected spinal osteoblastomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050469
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cryptococcoma of the sacrum (1999)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 28 (1999), S. 49-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Cryptococcoma ; sacrum ; Cryptococcoma ; immunocompromised ; MRI ; sacrum ; CT ; sacrum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Cryptococcoma of the sacrum was the initial presentation of systemic cryptococcosis in a patient on chronic steroid therapy for autoimmune hepatitis. The bone lesion was the only overt manifestation of systemic cryptococcal disease, which preceded other clinical manifestations and led to the subsequent diagnosis of systemic infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050472
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Malignant chondroblastoma presenting as a recurrent pelvic tumor with DNA aneuploidy and p53 mutation as supportive evidence of malignancy (1999)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 28 (1999), S. 644-650 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Chondroblastoma ; malignant ; recurrent ; p53 mutation ; Aneuploidy ; Pelvis ; Femur ; Xray ; CT
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  We report a rare case of malignant chondroblastoma, which presented in a 47-year-old man as a recurrent tumor, 18 years following wide excision of a typical pelvic chondroblastoma. Radiologic studies of the recurrent tumor showed a large, lytic, destructive lesion of the right pelvic bones and femur, with a pathologic fracture of the latter, a large pelvic soft tissue mass, and multiple pulmonary metastases. Biopsy tissue showed typical features of chondroblastoma, but also increased nuclear atypia, hyperchromasia, and pleomorphism, compared to the original tumor, and, most significantly, abnormal mitotic figures. Immunohistochemical studies of the recurrent tumor revealed p53 mutation and extensive proliferative activity, and flow cytometric studies showed DNA aneuploidy, none of which was present in the original tumor. The patient received chemotherapy and radiation, but died of disease eight months after presentation. We also review chondroblastoma in general, to assign this unusual lesion to a tumor subtype.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050567
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intimal-type primary sarcoma of the aorta (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 435 (1999), S. 62-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Rhabdomyosarcoma ; Aorta ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  We report an intimal sarcoma presenting as an aortic aneurysm. A 68-year-old man suffered from chest pain and speech disturbance. Computed tomography showed a sacciform aneurysm of the aorta, which was resected, revealing a polypoid tumour measuring 1.5×2×2.5 cm projecting into the lumen. This proved to be a poorly differentiated high-grade sarcoma having morphological, immunophenotypic and ultrastructural features consistent with rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation. Primary sarcomas of the aorta are extremely rare. Many cases have been diagnosed as ”intimal” on the basis of their site of origin, and they are not easy to classify from their histological pattern. Electron microscopy and the use of a more comprehensive panel of immunohistochemical markers should be applied in the histological classification of ”intimal” sarcoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050396
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mehrzeilen-Spiral-CT in der Diagnostik von Pankreastumoren (1999)
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 39 (1999), S. 958-964 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Spiral-CT ; Mehrzeilen-Spiral-CT ; Pankreaskarzinom ; Tumorstaging ; 2D-/3D-Bildgebung ; Key words Computed tomography ; Computed tomography ; helical ; Computed tomography ; technology ; Computed tomography ; thin-section ; Pancreatic neoplasms ; CT
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Purpose. Investigation of the capabilities of MSCT and its value for the staging of pancreatic carcinomas. Methods. 50 Patients with suspected pancreatic carcinoma were examined with a biphasic multislice-spiral-CT protocol: slice collimation 4×1 mm, Pitch 3.5–4 mm. After administation of 120 ml contrast medium and 50 ml NaCl with a flow rate of 3.0 ml/s the examination was started with a delay of 40 s (pancreatic phase) and 80 s (portalvenous phase). Results. Multislice spiral CT allows the examination of the whole upper abdomen with nearly isotropic data sets. This is the premise for the optimal assessment of the tumor extent in all planes, excellent demarcation of the tumor against the adjacent vessels and organs and the demarcation of small peripancreatic lymph nodes. Conclusions. Multislice spiral CT and the use of interactive multiplanar reconstructions improve the staging of pancreatic cancer.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ziel unserer Untersuchungen war es, die Möglichkeiten der Mehrzeilen-Detektor-Spiral-CT und ihre Bedeutung für das Staging von Pankreastumoren zu evaluieren. Bei insgesamt 50 Patienten, bei denen der Verdacht auf ein Pankreaskarzinom bestand, wurde im Rahmen der Tumorstagings ein biphasisches hochaufgelöstes Mehrzeilen-Spiral-CT mit einer Schichtkollimation von 4×1 mm, einem Pitch von 3,5–4, 120 ml Kontrastmittel, 50 ml 0,9%NaCl-Bolus, 3,0 ml/s Fluß und einem Startdelay von durchschnittlich 40 s (Pankreasparenchymphase) und 80 s (portalvenöse Phase) durchgeführt. Die Mehrzeilen-Spiral-CT ist in der Lage die gesamte Pankreasloge und auch die angrenzenden Organe mit hoher Ortsauflösung in allen Raumebenen abzubilden. Die nahezu isotrope multiplanare Bildgebung erlaubt die vollständige Erfassung der Tumorausdehnung in allen Raumebenen und eine bessere Abgrenzung der Tumoren gegenüber dem angrenzenden Fettgewebe, den benachbarten Organen (Gefäße, Duodenum, Magen) und einen sichereren Nachweis von peripankreatischen Lymphknoten. Die Mehrzeilen-Spiral-CT und der Einsatz von interaktiven multiplanaren Rekonstruktionen verbessern nachhaltig die Bestimmung der Ausdehnung von Pankreaskarzinomen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001170050588
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bildgebende Diagnostik im Staging gynäkologischer Karzinome (1999)
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 39 (1999), S. 610-618 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Staging ; Gynäkologische Karzinome ; Schnittbildverfahren ; Computertomographie (CT) ; Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) ; Sonographie (US) ; Key words Staging ; Gynecologic neoplasm ; Cross-sectional imaging modalities ; CT ; MRI ; Sonography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The prognosis in patients with gynecologic cancers depends not only on the stage but also on a wide spectrum of other findings. Cross-sectional imaging modalities, including sonography, CT and MRI, have increasingly been used for optimal treatment planning in gynecologic cancers. Their staging criteria are based on the well-established FIGO staging system. CT and MRI compete with sonography, which plays a pivotal role in the evaluation of the female pelvis. This paper reviews the role of sonography, CT and MRI in the staging of gynecologic malignancies. It puts the emphasis on MRI, which has been established as imaging modality of choice in the preoperative evaluation of cervical and endometrial cancer, and which seems slightly superior to CT in the staging of ovarian cancer.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Prognose gynäkologischer Karzinome hängt nicht nur vom Stadium, sondern von einem breiten Spektrum anerkannter Kriterien ab. Zur optimierten Therapieplanung werden heute zunehmend die Schnittbildverfahren Sonographie, CT und MRT für die morphologische Charakterisierung der Veränderungen eingesetzt. Die Stagingkriterien der bildgebenden Verfahren orientieren sich an der anerkannten FIGO-Klasssifikation. CT und MRT konkurrieren mit der Sonographie, die als anerkannte und weitverbreitete Modalität in der Gynäkologie etabliert ist. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit werden die Schnittbildverfahren Sonographie, CT und MRT im Staging gynäkologischer Karzinome einander gegenübergestellt. Der Schwerpunkt der Ausführungen liegt dabei auf der MRT, die als Methode der Wahl zum Staging des Zervix- und Endometriumkarzinoms gilt, beim Ovarialkarzinom der CT ebenbürtig und in manchen Fragestellung tendentiell überlegen ist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001170050557
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variable expression of heparan sulfate epitopes in crescents of human glomerulonephritis (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 434 (1999), S. 145-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Carbohydrates ; N-Sulfation ; O-Sulfation ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Crescentic glomerulonephritis leads to a rapid loss of renal function. Although glomerular crescents are rich in extracellular matrix (ECM), the composition and genesis of the ECM are incompletely understood. Heparan sulfate (HS) is a major ECM molecule and has polymeric structure of great variability. Recent findings that alterations in HS epitopes are associated with renal pathology prompted us to hypothesize that specific HS epitopes might be expressed in the evolution of crescents. We reviewed clinical records of 724 patients who underwent renal biopsy and found 21 patients with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Immunohistochemistry was performed using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against well-defined HS epitopes. One mAb was directed against unsaturated uronic acid residues generated during the selective removal of HS by heparitinase (a), and a further two different mAbs against N-sulfate-enriched and O-sulfate-poor portions of HS (b). Results showed that mAb (a) reacted to ECM of normal, sclerosed and crescentic glomeruli and that mAbs (b) reacted strongly to ECM of fibrocellular crescents but not to fibrous crescents, the periglomerular areas and noncrescentic intraglomerular areas. We concluded there are regional differences in HS epitope expression, although HS are ubiquitous components of glomerular ECM. N-sulfate-enriched and O-sulfate-poor portions of HS might play a role in crescent formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050318
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The interaction of Bcl-2 and Bax regulates apoptosis in biliary epithelial cells of rats with obstructive jaundice (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 434 (1999), S. 333-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Apoptosis ; Programmed cell death ; Ductular proliferation ; Biliary decompression ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A complex molecular network controls cell homeostasis by inducing apoptosis or proliferation. The balance of Bcl-2 and Bax, members of a protein family, determines whether a cell will become immortal (Bcl-2) or will undergo apoptosis (Bax). To determine the role of Bcl-2 and Bax during proliferation of biliary epithelial cells (BEC) after bile duct ligation (BDL) and their regression after biliary decompression we induced hyperplasia of BEC by BDL in male rats. Regression of hyperplastic BEC by way of apoptosis was induced by biliary decompression through a Roux-en-Y biliodigestive anastomosis. To quantify apoptosis a modified TUNEL assay was used. Expression of Bcl-2 and Bax was visualized by immunohistochemistry and quantified stereologically. BEC increased from 〈1% to 〉20% after BDL; this increase was associated with overexpression of Bcl-2 in up to 30% of hyperplastic BEC. After biliodigestive anastomosis, apoptotic BEC increased from 〈0.1% to a peak of 5.4% after 1 day to reach baseline again 1 week after decompression. This was associated with de novo appearance of Bax. The interaction between Bcl-2 and Bax triggers apoptosis in BEC and acts as a cell rheostat in BEC hyperplasia and its involution after biliary decompression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050349
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical study of cytochrome P450 2C and 3A in human non-neoplastic and neoplastic tissues (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 434 (1999), S. 401-411 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Human ; Cytochrome P450 2C ; Cytochrome P450 3A ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neoplasms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Organ and cellular distribution and expression constancy of microsomal cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C and 3A in humans were studied with new polyclonal antibodies to CYP2C (MP-1) and 3A (NF-2) active in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. Antibodies were raised against purified human CYP2C9 and CYP3A4. On western blotting, MP-1 reacted with 2C8, 2C9, 2C18 and 2C19, and NF-2 with 3A4. In both frozen and paraffin sections, hepatocytes showed diffuse immunoreactivity with MP-1 and centrilobular staining with NF-2. Inparaffin sections of 40 kinds of nonneoplastic tissues, epithelium of the small and large intestine, bile duct, nasal mucosa, kidney and adrenal cortex stained positively with both MP-1 and NF-2 antibodies. Epithelium of gastric fundic glands, salivary glands, tracheobronchial glands, Brunner’s glands, the prostate, uterine cervix and nasopharynx showed definite reactivity with MP-1. Epithelium of the gastric mucosa with intestinal metaplasia, duodenum, gallbladder and intercalated ducts of the pancreas and chief cells of the parathyroid and the corpus luteum of the ovary reacted with NF-2. Among the neoplastic tissues, MP-1 reacted with pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary gland and carcinomas of six different organs, and NF-2 with those of 7 different organs. These results indicate that CYP2C and CYP3A are distributed widely and organ specifically, as well as being variably expressed in neoplastic and normal states.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050359
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Loss of immunohistochemical E-cadherin expression in colon cancer is not due to structural gene alterations (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 434 (1999), S. 489-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words E-cadherin ; Colorectal cancer ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mutation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  E-cadherin, a transmembrane cell adhesion molecule, has been observed to have an altered pattern of immunoreactivity in several types of carcinomas. In lobular breast cancer, loss of immunoreactivity has been shown to be due either to out-of-frame deletions or to nonsense mutations of the E-cadherin gene. We analysed 29 cases of completely resected colon carcinoma with immunohistochemistry using the HEC-D1 antibody. Normal protein expression similar to that in the adjacent nonmalignant mucosa was seen in 6 cases, whereas 23 tumours had reduced or absent E-cadherin expression. In the 8 cases with no expression of E-cadherin revealed by immunohistochemistry, the entire E-cadherin cDNA sequence was analysed. In these cases, sequence analysis failed to reveal any cDNA mutations despite the negative immunohistochemistry. Possible explanations for this discrepancy include regulatory defects in the E-cadherin promoter, abnormalities at the translation or protein processing levels and mutations in other parts of the gene that were not investigated by the cDNA analysis (e.g. intronic sequences), which could play a role in causing abnormal processing of the E-cadherin protein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050373
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of the prognostic significance of cyclin B1 overexpression in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 434 (1999), S. 153-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Cyclin B1 ; Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Recent studies have identified a family of proteins referred to as cyclins, which control the cell cycle. Cyclin B1 activates cdc2, which regulates cell progression through the G2 and M phases. The main aim of this study was to examine the relationships between the cyclin B1 expression in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and clinicopathological factors and prognosis of the patients. Eighty-seven cases of primary human SCC consecutively obtained at esophagectomy were immunohistochemically studied using an anti-human cyclin B1 protein antibody (2H1-H6). The relationship between cyclin B1 expression and clinicopathological factors, including prognosis, were also statistically assessed. Positive immunostaining of cancer cells, mainly in the cytoplasm, was detected in 72.4% (63/87): heterogeneous pattern in 37.9 % (33/87) and homogeneous pattern in 34.5% (30/87). The prevalence of cyclin B1 expression was significantly higher in cases with invasion deeper than the muscularis propria (P〈0.005) and with venous invasion (P〈0.01) than in other cases. Patients whose SCCs expressed high levels of cyclin B1 protein had a significantly poorer prognosis than did the other patients (P〈0.05). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that cyclin B1 status was an important factor affecting survival (P〈0.05). These findings demonstrated that overexpression of cyclin B1 protein is associated with tumor behavior and prognosis for patients with human esophageal SCC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050319
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical localization of α- and βA-subunits of inhibin/activin in human normal endocrine cells and related tumors of the digestive system (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 434 (1999), S. 29-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Activin A ; Inhibin A ; Endocrine tumors ; Digestive system ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Activin A and inhibin A, first isolated from the ovary, are dimeric proteins able to modulate pituitary FSH secretion. Inhibin A is a heterodimer composed of one α-subunit and one βA-subunit (α-βA), while activin A is a homodimer of the βA-subunit (βA-βA). Their identification in several tissues has suggested that they have numerous physiological functions, acting as either paracrine or autocrine factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of activin A and inhibin A in normal endocrine cells and in 70 endocrine tumours from different sites in the gastro-entero-pancreatic system, using specific monoclonal antibodies directed against the α- and βA-subunits of inhibin/activin. Immunoreactivity for the βA-subunit, but not for the α-subunit, was observed in normal G, EC, and GIP cells of the antrum and duodenum, and in pancreatic A cells. βA-subunit expression was observed in G cell and A cell tumours, and in a few insulinomas and ileal EC cell carcinoids. The α-subunit was found in rare cells in 7 of the 70 tumours and was colocalized with the βA-subunit in only 1 tumor. Specific types of endocrine cells from the gut and pancreas appear to produce only activin A, a possible paracrine or autocrine modulator. Activin A is mainly produced by tumours derived from endocrine cells that normally express it.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050301
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reconstruction of pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary glands in three-dimensional collagen gel matrix culture (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 434 (1999), S. 137-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Salivary gland ; Pleomorphic adenoma ; Collagen ; Cell culture ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The morphogenesis of salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma was examined in vitro using three-dimensional (3-D) collagen gel culture. Pleomorphic adenoma cells were isolated from three parotid gland tumours and cultured as monolayers, after which they were subcultured in floating-collagen gel sandwiches. Cells cultured in both conditions were immunohistochemically characterized and compared using antibodies against various proteins representative of each histological component of salivary glands. Monolayers had myoepithelial characteristics, being positive for vimentin and α-smooth muscle actin. In collagen gels, however, the cells assembled in epithelial nests, showing an architecture similar to that of pleomorphic adenoma. The nests were composed of duct-lining epithelial cells that were positive for epithelial markers, surrounded by myoepithelial cells. Collagen gel culture induces multi-directional differentiation of adenoma cells, suggesting that pleomorphic adenomas originate from stem or reserve cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050317
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Systemic granulomatous arteritis associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 434 (1999), S. 249-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Systemic granulomatous arteritis ; Epstein-Barr virus ; Virus-associated haemophagocytic syndrome ; In situ hybridization ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A 61-year-old woman initially presented with symptoms and findings reminiscent of infectious mononucleosis, and her illness then took a rapidly fatal course. Autopsy revealed widespread granulomatous arteritis, with multinucleated giant cells but without eosinophils and fibrinoid necrosis, affecting small arteries and arterioles and infiltration of haemophagocytic histiocytes into many organs. In situ hybridization with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific oligonucleotide probes showed positive signals in the infiltrating immune cells and epithelial and endothelial cells of the affected organs. EBV-associated haemophagocytic syndrome (EBV-AHS) with systemic granulomatous arteritis was diagnosed. From the immunophenotypes of the infiltrating immune cells, a possible role of CD4+ T-cells in the pathogenesis of this haemophagocytic syndrome and granulomatous vasculitis was suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050336
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-grade carcinoma component in epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma of salivary glands clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and flow-cytometric study of three cases (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 434 (1999), S. 291-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma ; Salivary gland tumours ; Immunohistochemistry ; Flow cytometry ; MIB-1 (Ki 67) ; Proliferative markers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Three cases of epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC) with coexisting areas of high grade carcinoma are reported. In two of the cases there was a previous recurrence, and in all three patients there had been a sudden increase in size before final surgery. The typical ductal and myoepithelial components of EMC showed the usual biphasic pattern and the expected immunophenotypes, with expression of wide spectrum cytokeratins, Cam 5.2 and EMA in the ductal part, and muscle-specific actin, smooth muscle actin, S-100 protein, vimentin and cytokeratins in the myoepithelial component. These areas also had a low mitotic count and low proliferation rate as measured by immunohistochemistry and by flow cytometry. Conversely, areas of high-grade tumour had the features of a large cell carcinoma, with focal mucin secretion in two cases. This high-grade component showed an epithelial immunophenotype in two cases, and was negative for all tested markers in the third one. The mitotic counts and the proliferation rates were much higher in these anaplastic areas. One of the patients died 3 months after treatment; another developed lymph node metastases 1 year later and was alive after 6 years of follow-up. The third patient was alive without evidence of disease 7 months after wide surgical resection of the tumour. The possibility of anaplastic transformation in EMC makes thorough sampling mandatory in this type of neoplasm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050344
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  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerebrovascular involvement in systemic AA and AL amyloidosis: a clear haematogenic pattern (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 434 (1999), S. 551-560 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Systemic amyloidosis ; Brain ; Circumventricular organs ; Choroid plexus ; Immunohistochemistry ; Aβ colocalization.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Amyloid deposits in cerebral vessels are common in β-amyloid diseases (Alzheimer’s disease, congophilic amyloid angiopathy, Down’s syndrome and hereditary cerebral amyloidosis with haemorrhage of the Dutch type). We report of 20 autopsies on patients who had died with systemic amyloidosis of the AA, Aλ and Aκ types: the brains were examined for the occurrence of amyloid. Vascular amyloid was detected in choroid plexus (in 17 of 20 cases), infundibulum (5 of 8), area postrema (6 of 11), pineal body (3 of 7) and subfornical organ (2 of 3), but not in cortical and leptomeningeal vessels. Immunohistochemical classification of the cerebral amyloid and the systemic amyloid syndrome showed identity proving the same origin of both. The distribution is indicative of a haematogenic pattern of amyloid deposition in systemic amyloidosis and is different from that in Alzheimer’s, prion, ATTR and cystatin C diseases. It corresponds to areas of the brain with a ”leaky” blood–brain barrier. Additionally, all the cases with AA amyloidosis exhibited an Aβ coreactivity in choroid plexus vessels. In one exceptional case, Aβ reactivity of AA amyloid also occurred outside of the brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050383
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Myoepithelial cells and basal lamina in poorly differentiated in situ duct carcinoma of the breast (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 434 (1999), S. 227-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Ductal carcinoma in situ ; Immunohistochemistry ; Myoepithelial cells ; Basal lamina ; Smooth muscle actin ; Calponin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A retrospective study was made of 38 selected brest tumours with a poorly differentiated in situ duct component. These were classified on haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) as ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS; 10 cases), DCIS with invasion (17 cases) and DCIS with features suggestive of for stromal invasion (11 cases). The last were these lesions composed of neoplastic ducts with irregular outlines and a myoepithelial layer that was not clearly evident or large neoplastic ducts growing close together or surrounded by inflammatory desmoplastic stroma. Cases of DCIS involving areas of sclerosing adenosis were included in this category. Consecutive sections obtained from each case were studied with a panel of antibodies against myoepithelial cells (alpha smooth muscle actin and calponin) and basal lamina (BL) components (laminin and type IV collagen). It was found that in situ lesions showed well-formed basal lamina and/or an evident myoepithelial layer. These features were lacking in the invasive areas. Nine of the 11 cases with suggestive features of stromal invasion were reclassified as invasive duct carcinoma (5 cases)and DCIS (4 cases), according to the absence or presence of a continuous myoepithelial layer and/or basal lamina. In 2 such cases immunohistochemistry yielded equivocal results and the label ”suggestive of invasion” was therefore pertinent. Immunohistochemistry facilitates the diagnosis of breast DCIS; myoepithelial and basal lamina markers are useful in differentiating microinvasive from in situ ductal carcinomas of the breast.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050332
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  • 35
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    Electronic Resource
    Autonomic nerve tumour with skeinoid fibres: ultrastructure of skeinoid fibres examined by quick-freezing and deep-etching method (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 434 (1999), S. 267-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Autonomic nerve tumour ; Small intestine ; Immunohistochemistry ; Quick-freezing ; Deep-etching
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A case of gastrointestinal autonomic nerve tumour with skeinoid fibres (SFs) of the jejunum in a 79-year-old Japanese man, was examined by the quick-freezing and deep-etching (QF-DE) method. The tumour consisted of spindle cells with immunohistochemical reactions for vimentin, NSE and CD34. Electron microscopically, features of the neural cells of the myenteric plexus were observed. The QF-DE method demonstrated intercellular meshwork structures, consisting of thin filaments (7–15 nm), with granular deposits. Fully developed parts of the deposits formed nodular aggregates composed of irregularly surfaced thick fibrils (30–48 nm) with a tendency to linear arrangement (SFs). We detected many interconnecting thin filaments (ICTFs) between the SFs, which were pre-existing components in the meshwork, avoiding the granular deposits. The focal thickening formed by the connection between SFs and ICTFs revealed a periodicity typical of SFs (33–45 nm). We conclude that SFs are formed by decoration of the granular deposits along pre-existing intercellular meshwork structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050340
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    Pathologie der Rhabdo- myosarkome des Kindes- und Adoleszentenalters Ein Bericht des Kindertumorregisters bei der Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie (GPOH) (1999)
    Springer
    Der Pathologe 20 (1999), S. 87-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Rhadomyosarkom ; Klassifizierung ; Immunhistochemie ; Genetik ; Prognose ; Key words Rhabdomyosarcoma ; Classification ; Immunohistochemistry ; Genetics ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most important and a very heterogeneous group of malignant soft tissue tumors of childhood and adolescence.The two major subtypes (embryonal and alveolar) share a common myogenic differentiation, but seem to be histogenetically not related. The so-called ’International Classification of Rhabdomyosarcoma’ includes, besides the two major subtypes, the botryoid and leiomyomatous subtypes of embryonal RMS which are associated with a better prognosis and are treated less aggressively according to current protocols. In addition, the solid variant of alveolar RMS is included in the alveolar group of RMS. The identification of the various subtypes is necessary and important because the treatment with the current protocols is also related to histology. Using conventional stains and immunohistochemistry, these subtypes are distinguishable. Genetic analysis can be helpful in the demonstration of t(2;13) or t(1;13) translocations in alveolar RMS. The identification of alveolar RMS with t(1;13) translocation might become important in the future, because this type of translocation seems to be related to a better prognosis as compared to tumors with a t(2;13) translocation.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Rhabdomyosarkome stellen eine heterogene Gruppe von ganz verschiedenartigen, histogenetisch wohl nicht zusammengehörenden Tumoren dar. Nach der heute verwendeten „Internationalen Klassifikation” der Rhabdomyosarkome werden neben der Unterteilung in embryonalen und alveoläre Rhabdomyossarkome auch Subtypen des embryonalen RMS identifiziert (botryoider und leiomyomatöser Subtyp), die durch eine günstigere Prognose und durch die Notwendigkeit einer weniger aggressive Therapie gekennzeichnet sind. Durch Einsatz von verschiedenen histologischen und immunhistochemischen Färbungen ist die Identifizierung der verschiedenen Typen der RMS heute möglich und auch zwingend notwendig, da die einzelnen Entitäten nach ganz unterschiedlichen Therapieprotokollen behandelt werden. Der Nachweis typischer molekulargenetischer Veränderungen kann in der Unterscheidung insbesondere von embryonalen und alveolären RMS hilfreich sein. In der Regel ist die Abgrenzung zwischen diesen beiden Entitäten auch an konventionell gefärbten Schnittpräparaten möglich. Die Identifizierung von alveolären RMS mit einer t(1;13)-Translokation könnte in Zukunft eine große Bedeutung haben, da diese genetische Veränderung möglicherweise mit einer günstigeren Prognose assoziert sein könnte als die t(2;13)-Translokation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002920050326
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    Pleomorphes Adenom (Mischtumor) des äußeren Gehörgangs Zur Differentialdiagnose der Tumoren der Zeruminaldrüsen (1999)
    Springer
    Der Pathologe 20 (1999), S. 125-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Pleomorphes Adenom ; Äußerer Gehörgang ; Zeruminom ; Differentialdiagnose ; Immunhistochemie ; Key words Pleomorphic adenomas ; Meatus acusticus externus ; Ceruminoma ; Differential diagnosis ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A tumor was removed from the right external auditory canal of a 69-year old female patient. The histopathological and immunhistochemical evaluation revealed a pleomorphic adenoma (mixed tumor). The differential diagnosis of the tumors derived from the ceruminal glands, their clinical and prognostic implications as well as the histogenesis of pleomorphic adenomas in this localization are discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei einer 69jährigen Patientin wurde aus dem rechtsseitigen äußeren Gehörgang ein Tumorknoten exstirpiert. Die histopathologische und immunhistochemische Untersuchung ergab ein pleomorphes Adenom (Mischtumor). Die Differentialdiagostik der von den Zeruminaldrüsen abgeleiteten Tumoren, deren klinisch-prognostische Konsequenz sowie die Histogenese der pleomorphen Adenome in dieser besonderen Lokalisation werden erörtert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002920050331
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    Cellular localization of cyclo-oxygenase isozymes in Crohn’s disease and colorectal cancer (1999)
    Springer
    International journal of colorectal disease 14 (1999), S. 212-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1262
    Keywords: Key words Cyclo-oxygenase ; Colon carcinogenesis ; Crohn’s disease ; Familiar adenomatous polyposis coli ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Deregulation of cyclo-oxygenase isozyme expression has been shown to be a consistent feature of inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer in humans. This study investigated the cellular localization of aberrant cyclo-oxygenase expression in normal and diseased colon. Biopsies of seven normal colonic tissues, eight tissue samples from patients suffering from Crohn’s disease, five polyps from patients with familiar adenomatous polyposis coli, and ten sporadic adenocarcinomas were analyzed using isozyme-selective immunoprecipitation, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Cyclo-oxygenase-1 expression was demonstrated in normal human colon, Crohn’s disease, and colorectal tumors. In normal colon and also in adenomatous polyps, cyclo-oxygenase-1 specific immunosignals were localized to epithelial cells of the upper part of the crypts and endocrine cells of the lower part. In Crohn’s disease cyclo-oxygenase-1 expression was restricted to cells of the inflammatory infiltrate. While barely detectable in normal colon, cyclo-oxygenase-2 protein was strongly increased in epithelial cells located in the uppermost part of the crypts, in surface epithelial cells, and in mononuclear cells of the lamina propria of Crohn’s disease. The constitutive overexpression of cyclo-oxygenase-2 protein observed in the majority of the adenomatous polyps and all adenocarcinomas was attributed to both epithelial and interstitial cells in that the latter predominated in adenomas, and epithelial cells were the prevailing cyclo-oxygenase-2 expressing cell type in adenocarcinomas. In conclusion, both autocrine and paracrine effects of aberrant cyclo-oxygenase-2 expression may contribute to the development of Crohn’s disease and colonic tumor development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003840050213
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    The prognostic significance of tumor vascularization in patients with localized colorectal cancer (1999)
    Springer
    International journal of colorectal disease 14 (1999), S. 272-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1262
    Keywords: Key words  Colorectal cancer ; Angiogenesis ; Vessel density ; Prognosis ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Angiogenesis is essential for tumor growth and metastasis, and vascular density is known as an independent prognostic factor in several tumor entities. We studied the prognostic relevance of vascular density in colorectal cancer, examining 146 patients treated surgically for cure. Tumor sections were immunostained with JC70, an endothelial cell marker. Microvessel quantification used light microscopy. The slides were scanned at a low magnification, and individual microvessel counts were made on a ×200 field in the area of the most dense neovascularization. Vascular density was found to be 75±27/visual field and to be independent of age, sex, pT and pN categories, tumor recurrence, and overall survival. Overall survival in the subgroup of patients with tumor recurrence was significantly shorter with tumors of greater vessel density (〉75) than in those of less vessel density (〈75). Multivariate analysis showed microvessel count to be an independent prognostic factor for the overall survival rate of patients with tumor recurrence; among these patients there was also a significant difference in the relapse-free survival rates between the hypovascular and the hypervascular groups. Our findings suggest that the microvessel density of the primary tumor determines the speed of tumor recurrence after metastatic disease has been triggered by other, unknown mechanisms. Although tumor vascularization can be linked to the aggressiveness of colorectal cancer, it has no value as a new prognostic marker in clinical practice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003840050227
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    Immunohistochemical, conventional and immunoelectron microscopical characteristics of periodic acid-Schiff-positive granules in the mouse brain (1999)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 98 (1999), S. 31-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Polyglucosan body ; Periodic ; acid-Schiff-positive granules ; Mouse brain ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Periodic acid-Schiff-positive granules (PGs) appear in the mouse brains in relation to advancing age. The exact location and pathophysiological significance of PGs, however, are not fully understood. The incidence, staining properties, and topographical distributions of PGs in the brains of 17 AKR mice ranging in age from 7 to 18 months were examined histochemically and immunohistochemically using antibody KM279 raised against a polyglucosan. In addition, to define the precise site of PG formation, we investigated the brains of 4 AKR mice of 24 months of age using conventional and immunoelectron microscopy. PGs were seen in all mice examined and the levels were increased with age. The PGs were located predominantly in the hippocampus and, to a lesser extent, in the cerebellum and olfactory bulb. Immunohistochemically, PGs in the hippocampus and cerebellum were labeled uniformly with KM279. On immunoelectron microscopy with this monoclonal antibody, the fibrillar or membranous structures corresponding to PGs seen using light microscopy were labeled specifically with gold particles. With conventional electron microscopy, fibrillar or membranous structures were seen along with synaptic vesicles and dense-core granules. Moreover, around the cells containing PGs, a few synaptic junctions with neighboring cells were observed, indicating that the cells contributing to formation of PGs were neuronal cells. The positive immunoreactivity of AKR mouse PGs for the antibody KM279 suggests that the PGs and similar structures in other species may share a common antigenicity. Thus, it is assumed that PGs in AKR mice might result from some abnormalities in glucose metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010051048
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    Nebulin is normally expressed in nemaline myopathy (1999)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 97 (1999), S. 433-436 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Congenital nemaline myopathy ; Nebulin ; α-Actinin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Western blot
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Since the nebulin gene is located in the candidate gene locus of autosomal recessive nemaline myopathy, 2q21.2–q22, we examined five muscle biopsy specimens with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against nebulin in combination with the modified Gomori trichrome stain. We were able to demonstrate immunohistochemically that there was no abnormality in nebulin in the muscle fibers both with and without nemaline bodies. Although the molecular weight of nebulin was normal, it was slightly reduced in amount on immunoblotting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010051011
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    Nitric oxide synthase-containing neurons in the myenteric plexus of the rat gastrointestinal tract: distribution and regional density (1999)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 199 (1999), S. 99-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Autonomic ; Wholemounts ; Immunohistochemistry ; Myenteric ganglia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Nitrergic (NO) neurons play crucial inhibitory roles in the control of gut motility. Variations in the density of these neurons within the gastrointestinal tract (GI) may provide useful functional information, but, most surveys available have employed limited and/or highly localized samples. It remains unclear to what extent (a) NO neurons are concentrated disproportionately in particular GI regions, or (b) variations in NO cell number merely reflect changes in overall myenteric neuron density. This experiment surveyed the distributions of neuronal nitric oxide synthase-positive (NOS+) and other myenteric neurons in the GI tract, using immunohistochemical and Cuprolinic blue counterstaining techniques. Adjustable sampling grids superimposed on wholemounts were used to investigate the topographic patterns in the stomach (90 sampling sites; 45 per side) and proximal duodenum (63 loci). We present four major findings: First, variations were detected in the number of NOS+ neurons in specific regions of the stomach (e.g., corpus〉antrum@forestomach) and along both longitudinal (oral〉anal) and circumferential (mesenteric〉antimesenteric) axes in the duodenum. Second, the variations in NOS+ neuronal counts within each organ covaried with the total number of myenteric neurons at different locations (stomach, r=0.77; duodenum, r=0.59), suggesting that local myenteric plexus density is a factor determining NOS+ cell concentrations. Third, in contrast to such a principle of covariation within each organ, NOS+ neurons constituted a consistently smaller proportion of gastric (20%) than of duodenal (28%) myenteric plexus neurons, suggesting that a second principle controls the characteristic percentages of the myenteric plexus that express NOS in different organs. Fourth, the regional samples were used to extrapolate the overall number of NOS+ and total myenteric cells in the rat stomach (43,000; 217,000) and first 3.5 cm of the small intestine (29,000; 103,000). These results, taken together, also suggest that the surveying protocol used is capable of detecting subtle differences in cellular distributions, thus providing a practical strategy for investigating patterns of chemical phenotypes within the GI tract.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004290050213
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    Stratum corneum chymotryptic enzyme in psoriasis (1999)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 291 (1999), S. 195-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Key words Epidermis ; Immunohistochemistry ; Protease ; Psoriasis ; Stratum corneum chymotryptic ; enzyme
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Stratum corneum chymotryptic enzyme (SCCE) is a serine protease which may function in the turnover of the stratum corneum by means of degradation of intercellular adhesive structures between corneocytes. It is also potentially an epidermal activating enzyme for cytokines such as interleukin-1β. The aim of this work was to study the expression of SCCE in psoriatic epidermis by means of immunohistochemistry, and to elucidate the nature of the SCCE present in psoriatic scales by means of biochemical analyses. In comparison to normal skin the number of cell layers expressing SCCE in psoriatic lesions was consistently increased. In nonlesional psoriatic skin the pattern of SCCE expression varied. It was similar to the pattern in normal skin in some biopsies, whereas in other biopsies evidence of an increased expression of SCCE was found. By means of zymography and immunoblotting, extracts of psoriatic scales were found to contain active SCCE as well as enzymatically inactive SCCE precursor. Also the effects of inhibitors on the activity towards a chromogenic protease substrate in the extracts after partial purification by gel exclusion chromatography were compatible with the presence of enzymatically active SCCE. We conclude that the expression of SCCE in psoriasis may be upregulated, and that the conversion of inactive SCCE-precursor to active SCCE occurs in the psoriatic lesion. The possible role of SCCE in the pathophysiology of psoriasis remains to be elucidated, but should be considered in future studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004030050393
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    Immunohistochemical localization of the neutral cysteine protease bleomycin hydrolase in human skin (1999)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 291 (1999), S. 238-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Key words Cysteine protease ; Bleomycin hydrolase ; Keratinocyte ; Skin cancers ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004030050400
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    Serotonin in human allergic contact dermatitis. An immunohistochemical and high-performance liquid chromatographic study (1999)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 291 (1999), S. 269-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Key words Serotonin ; Allergic contact dermatitis ; Immunohistochemistry ; High-performance liquid ; chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a common clinical condition leading to considerable morbidity. We have recently demonstrated that ketanserin, a serotonin antagonist, significantly inhibits nickel sulphate-induced ACD. Furthermore, serotonin-immunoreactive (IR) cells have previously been demonstrated in normal human cutaneous melanocytes. To further elucidate the role of serotonin in cutaneous contact hypersensitivity, we compared ACD involved skin and uninvolved skin from nickel-allergic patients, and normal skin from healthy volunteers, for the presence of serotonin-like immunoreactive cells using immunohistochemistry. In addition, serotonin concentrations in ACD involved and uninvolved skin were compared by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In the skin of normal healthy volunteers, the serotonin-IR cells were situated in the basal layer of the epidermis. In uninvolved skin the cells were also situated in the basal layer, but they were more numerous and the immunofluorescence intensity was greater. In involved skin, the IR cells were fewer and they were found higher up in the epidermis. Also, the configuration of these cells was different: they showed enlarged and elongated dendrites as well as dendritic spines. The serotonin antiserum-labelled cells in ACD involved skin were also NKI-beteb positive (the latter is known as a reliable marker of melanocytes). The concentration of serotonin in involved skin was significantly higher than that in uninvolved skin in ACD patients (P 〈 0.05). Taken together, our previous and present results indicate that serotonin plays an important role in ACD. The basal epidermal serotonin-IR cells are more dendritic in ACD, and are found more superficial in the epidermis, where they might release their content of serotonin, thereby influencing the inflammatory process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004030050407
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    Langerhans cells enclosing sunburn cells in acute UV erythema in vivo (1999)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 291 (1999), S. 303-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Key words Langerhans cells ; Sunburn cells ; UV ; erythema ; Apoptosis ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004030050413
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    Bunina bodies in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis on Guam: a histochemical, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural investigation (1999)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 98 (1999), S. 150-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; Bunina body ; Guam ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An investigation of Bunina bodies is important when studying the pathoetiology and pathomechanisms involved in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). It may serve as a clue essential for the study of the pathogenesis of Guamanian amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS-G), and it may provide a means of answering the question of whether ALS-G is the same disease as classical ALS or a different entity. In ALS-G, however, no precise histochemical, immunohistochemical, or detailed ultrastructural examination has been published to date. To elucidate the pathological differences/similarities of Bunina bodies between classical ALS and ALS-G, we performed histochemical, immunohistochemical, topographic and ultrastructural examinations. Histochemically, hematoxylin and eosin, Masson’s trichrome, methylgreen-pyronin, phosphotungstic acid-hematoxylin, Klüver-Barrera, Bodian and periodic acid-Schiff staining were utilized. Immunohistochemical examination was performed using antibodies for cystatin C, ubiquitin, Tau-2, Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase, phosphorylated neurofilament and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Histochemical findings were consistent with those previously described for classical ALS. The immunohistochemical study showed that in ALS-G Bunina bodies were intensely labeled by an anti-cystatin C antibody. Topographic examination demonstrated that Bunina bodies were distributed in the spinal anterior horns and Clarke’s column in the spinal cord. Ultrastructurally, Bunina bodies were composed of electron-dense amorphous/ granular material accompanied by vesicular structures and neurofilaments. The results of the present study have revealed that the pathological features of Bunina bodies in ALS-G are identical to those seen in classical ALS. These findings strongly suggest that a similar degenerative process occurs in the spinal anterior horn cells in both ALS-G and classical ALS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010051063
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    Correlation of survival time with size of axonal swellings in diffuse axonal injury (1999)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 98 (1999), S. 197-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Diffuse axonal injury ; Head injury ; β-amyloid precursor protein ; Immunohistochemistry ; Forensic neuropathology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Widespread damage to axons in the white matter of the brain is a well-recognised consequence of non-missile head injury. This diffuse axonal injury is characterised by a gradual swelling of the axon associated with an accumulation of cellular organelles and proteins. We have investigated the relationship between the size of the swellings of the damaged axon with survival time in post-mortem brain tissue. Sixty-six cases of head injury with known length of post-traumatic survival were selected for study, and immunohistochemistry for β-amyloid precursor protein (βAPP) was carried out. The minimum diameter of the βAPP-immunolabelled damaged axons was measured in micrometers using the IBAS image analysis system. There was a strong, positive and significant relationship between the mean size of axonal swelling and survival time which plateaued at around 85 h post injury. With longer survival times the situation becomes more complex. βAPP immunolabelling of damaged axons can contribute evidence about trauma and post-injury survival time in the forensic setting but should always be assessed with other evidence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010051069
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    Immunocytochemical demonstration of oncocytes in normal adenohypophysis (1999)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 97 (1999), S. 40-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Pituitary gland ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mitochondria ; Oncocytes ; Oncocytomas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Immunocytochemical examination for mitochondrial protein and cytochrome oxidase was performed to demonstrate oncocytes in normal adenohypophysis obtained from 28 patients of various age. A small number of solitary large epithelial cells showed intense cytoplasmic granular immunoreactivities for mitochondrial protein and cytochrome oxidase. The proportions of the cells positive for the former and the latter ranged from 0% to 5.9% (mean ± SD; 1.5 ± 1.7%) and from 0% to 4.9% (1.4 ± 1.6%), respectively. These cells were either absent or extremely rare in young patients (under 10 years) but tended to increase in number with age (P 〈 0.0001). On the other hand, the mirror section technique showed that most of these cells were negative for adenohypophysial hormones, but a few of them were faintly positive for: α-subunit (8.0%), β-subunits of follicle-stimulating hormone (4.8%), luteinizing hormone (2.5%), thyroid-stimulating hormone (1.0%), and growth hormone (0.5%), and were negative for prolactin and adrenocorticotropic hormone. We considered that these cells represent oncocytes that exist in varying numbers in normal adenohypophysis. It was suggested that oncocytes in normal adenohypophysis share various common features with tumorous oncocytes of pituitary oncocytomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050953
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    Advanced glycation endproducts are deposited in neuronal hyaline inclusions: a study on familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with superoxide dismutase-1 mutation (1999)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 97 (1999), S. 240-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; Advanced glycation endproducts ; Immunohistochemistry ; Superoxide dismutase ; Hyaline inclusions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To determine the role of advanced glycation endproducts (AGE) in the pathogenesis of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) mutation, we investigated the immunohistochemical localization of N ɛ-carboxymethyl-lysine (CML), one of the major AGE structures, in spinal cords from three familial ALS patients with a heterozygous Ala to Val substitution at codon 4 in the gene for SOD1. Neuronal hyaline inclusions (NHIs), the abnormal structures seen in some of the remaining lower motor neurons of familial ALS patients with SOD1 mutation, were intensely stained by a monoclonal antibody specific for CML in contrast to the only weakly stained cytoplasm. Immunoelectron microscopy depicted the CML determinants restricted to the granule-associated thick linear structures that mainly compose the NHIs. The NHIs were also recognized by antibodies to SOD1, phosphorylated neurofilament protein and ubiquitin. No focal collection of either CML or SOD1 was found in neurons of the control individuals. Our results indicate that CML is a component of the NHIs of familial ALS patients with SOD1 mutation, and suggest that the CML formation may be mediated by protein glycoxidation or lipid peroxidation in the presence of oxidative stress from mutant SOD1, in association with motor neuron degeneration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050980
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    Changes in serotonergic neurons in the brain of pyrithiamine-induced acute thiamine-deficient mice (1999)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 98 (1999), S. 614-621 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Serotonin ; Thiamine deficiency ; Immunohistochemistry ; Vulnerability ; Degeneration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We examined changes in 5-hydroxytriptamine (5-HT, serotonin) neurons in pyrithiamine-induced thiamine deficiency in mice immunohistochemically. Extensive decreases in the densities of 5-HT-immunoreactive fibers were detected in the lateral septal nucleus, the thalamus, the medial mammillary nucleus, the dorsal and the median raphe nuclei, the raphe obscurus nucleus, the tegmental area, the cerebellum and the vestibular nucleus, though only a small decrease was detected in the inferior colliculus. Most remarkably, degenerative winding fibers were detected between the deep mesencephalic nucleus and the ventral tegmental area. Increases in intensity of 5-HT immunoreactivity in the dorsal raphe nucleus and decreases in the number of 5-HT-immunoreactive cell bodies in the dorsal and the median raphe nuclei were detected. These results demonstrated the differential vulnerability of 5-HT neurons in thiamine-deficient mice. This is the first report to demonstrate changes in 5-HT neurons immunohistochemically throughout the brain of pyrithiamine-induced thiamine deficient mouse.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010051126
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    Immunohistochemical study of some cytoskeletal proteins in hereditary myopathy of the diaphragmatic muscles in Holstein-Friesian cattle (1999)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 97 (1999), S. 177-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Cytoskeletal proteins ; Immunohistochemistry ; Myofibrillar myopathy ; Hereditary myopathy ; Holstein-Friesian cattle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have investigated the expression, using immunohistochemical and Western blot methods, of some cytoskeletal proteins including desmin, vimentin, actin, α-actinin, and ubiquitin in hereditary myopathy of the diaphragmatic muscles in Holstein-Friesian cattle (the histochemical and electron microscopical aspects have been previously reported). Immunohistochemically, the expression of desmin was observed strongly in the subsarcolemmal regions, but was lacking or faint in the area corresponding to the core-like structures. Vimentin showed almost the same localization as desmin, but no activity could be observed in the core-like structures. In addition, the core-like structures showed strong immunoreactivity for actin and ubiquitin, but no immunoreactivity for α-actinin. F-actin stained with phalloidin-tetramethyl-rhodamine was strongly positive in irregular spots that corresponded to the core-like structures, but was negative for desmin-positive regions. Western blot analysis of the diseased muscles revealed a significant increase in the amount of desmin and vimentin immunoreactivities and similar amounts of actin and α-actinin compared with the control muscles. Two-dimensional electrophoresis revealed no isoforms of desmin, suggesting the absence of abnormal phosphorylated forms of desmin. Since the co-localization of desmin and vimentin and the absence of phosphorylated desmin suggest that the overexpression of desmin may be reflected in the reactive change or regenerating process, the present myopathy should be regarded as an entity separate from desmin-storage myopathy or desmin-related myopathies. We also discuss the possibility that the present myopathy could be considered as myofibrillar myopathy, a recently proposed nosological entity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050971
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    Inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in human cerebral infarcts (1999)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 97 (1999), S. 215-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Cerebral ischemia ; Inflammation ; Immunohistochemistry ; Nitrotyrosine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The inducible or “immunological” isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is induced in many cell types by inflammatory stimuli and synthesizes toxic amounts of NO. In rodent models of focal cerebral ischemia, iNOS is expressed in neutrophils invading the injured brain and in local blood vessels. Studies with iNOS inhibitors and iNOS null mice indicate that NO produced by iNOS contributes to ischemic brain injury. In the present study, we sought to determine whether iNOS is also expressed in the human brain after ischemic stroke. Studies were conducted using immunohistochemistry on autopsy brains with neuropathological evidence of acute cerebral infarction. iNOS immunoreactivity was observed in neutrophils infiltrating the ischemic brain and in blood vessels within the ischemic territory. iNOS-positive cells also were immunoreactive for nitrotyrosine, reflecting protein nitration by NO-derived peroxynitrite and nitrites. iNOS or nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity was not detected outside the region of the infarct. These observations provide evidence that iNOS is expressed in the human brain after ischemic infarction and support the hypothesis that iNOS inhibitors may be useful in the treatment of ischemic stroke in humans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050977
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    Immunoreactivity of β-amyloid precursor protein in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (1999)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 97 (1999), S. 463-468 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; β-Amyloid precursor protein ; Immunohistochemistry ; Fast axonal transport ; Anterior horn neuron
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We investigated the localization and extent of β-amyloid precursor protein (β-APP695) immunoreactivity as a sensitive marker for impairment of fast axonal transport in the spinal cords of 21 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), paying special attention to anterior horn neurons. Specimens from 18 patients without neurological disease served as controls. Increased β-APP immunoreactivity was frequently recognized in the anterior horns of the ALS patients with short clinical courses or with mild depletion of anterior horn cells, while no β-APP immunoreactivity was demonstrated in those with severe depletion of anterior horn neurons or with long-standing clinical courses. Increased β-APP immunoreactivity in the anterior horn neurons was mainly confined to the perikarya and no immunoreactivity was recognized in the dendrites or proximal axons directly emanating from the somata, except some spheroids (proximal axonal swellings) which showed increased immunoreactivity of β-APP. Increased β-APP immunoreactivity was spotted or focally aggregated in the perikarya of normal-looking large anterior horn neurons, while it was frequently diffuse in that of degenerative neurons such as central chromatolytic cells and or those with simple atrophy. On the other hand, the controls showed no immunostaining with β-APP in the spinal cord. These findings suggest that increased immunoreactivity of β-APP in neuronal perikarya of the anterior horn cells and in some proximal axonal swellings is an early change of ALS, and may be a response of the increased synthesis of β-APP resulting from neuronal damage, or the impairment of fast axonal transport.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010051015
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    Extracellular matrix and development of lamination in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus in the tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri) (1999)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 199 (1999), S. 549-561 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Visual system ; Immunohistochemistry ; In situ hybridization ; PNA ; Tenascin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  In the tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri), the cytoarchitectonic lamination of the lateral geniculate nucleus cannot be detected at birth; it only appears during the early postnatal period. However, a laminated pattern was revealed with rapid Golgi staining and retinal afferents were segregated into the appropriate laminae well before cytoarchitectonic lamination could be seen. Both observations indicate that the extracellular matrix may play a role in the separation of lateral geniculate nucleus cells into laminae. In the present study, the organization of the extracellular matrix was investigated during development using immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization techniques. For immunohistochemistry, peanut agglutinin (PNA) lectin and antibodies against tenascin (TN) were chosen, while for in situ hybridization, mTN riboprobes were used, simultaneously, with antibodies against Vimentin (Vim) and microtubule associated protein (MAP-2). The results showed that the pattern of PNA-binding glycoproteins and that of tenascin were relatively similar, although tenascin appeared later and disappeared earlier. The first interlaminar spaces to be detected were those between layers innervated by opposite eyes. The TN specific mRNA was detected in the lateral geniculate nucleus at P0, but was no longer visible at P7. By comparing TN mRNA and Vim or MAP-2 stainings a correspondence could be observed. The extracellular matrix lamination therefore seems to precede cytoarchitectonic lamination, suggesting that the extracellular matrix may play a role in the development of laminated structures. The TN-producing cells seem to be developing astrocytes and neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004290050252
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    Cyclooxygenase-2 immunoreactivity in the human brain following cerebral ischemia (1999)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 98 (1999), S. 9-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Prostaglandin H2 synthase ; Stroke ; Inflammation ; Immunohistochemistry ; Prostaglandins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The prostaglandin synthesizing enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is up-regulated in the brain of rodents during cerebral ischemia and contributes to ischemic brain injury. This study sought to determine whether COX-2 is also up-regulated in the human brain in the acute stages of cerebral ischemic infarction. Paraffin-embedded sections from patients who died 1–2 days following infarction in the middle cerebral artery territory were processed for COX-2 immunohistochemistry. COX-2 immunoreactivity was observed in infiltrating neutrophils, in vascular cells and in neurons located at the border of the infarct. The data suggest that COX-2 up-regulation is also relevant to cerebral ischemia in humans and raise the possibility that COX-2 reaction products participate in the mechanisms of ischemic injury also in the human brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010051045
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    Variable histological expression of dystrophinopathy in two females (1999)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 97 (1999), S. 657-660 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Xp21 muscular dystrophy carriers ; Muscle biopsy ; Immunohistochemistry ; X chromosome ; inactivation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report two carriers of Xp21 muscular dystrophy with unusual clinical manifestations and striking variability of dystrophin deficiency within the same muscle biopsy. The first patient was a 60-year-old nun with recent onset of cramps and proximal weakness, mimicking an acquired myopathy. Muscle biopsy disclosed slight alterations in one sample and severe dystrophic changes in another; dystrophin was absent in 7% fibers in the former specimen and in 60% in the second. X inactivation was skewed with 90% cells inactivating the same X chromosome. The second patient was a 17-year-old girl with hyperCKemia, learning disability and a family history of X-linked muscular dystrophy. Muscle biopsy displayed slight fiber size variability and some internal nuclei; dystrophin was absent only in one muscle fiber. A second sample with the same morphological features demonstrated dystrophin deficiency with mosaic distribution. The pattern of X inactivation was normal. These cases emphasize the variability of histopathological changes and dystrophin deficiency in Xp21 muscular dystrophy carriers and the risk of sampling errors in muscle biopsy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010051043
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    Patterns of cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 expression in human gliomas in vivo (1999)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 98 (1999), S. 240-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Glioma ; Cyclooxygenase ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cyclooxygenases (COX, prostaglandin endoperoxide synthases, PGG/H synthases) are potent mediators of inflammation. While COX-1 is constitutively expressed in a wide range of tissues, COX-2 is cytokine inducible. Although COX-1 expression is observed in normal tissue, enhanced COX-2 expression has been attributed a key role in the development of edema, impeding blood flow and immunomodulation observed in pathologically altered tissues. Here, we have analyzed the expression of COX-1 and COX-2 in 50 gliomas and 10 control brains with no neuropathological alterations by immunohistochemistry; 22 glioblastoma multiforme, 9 anaplastic astrocytomas, 5 protoplasmic astrocytomas, 1 gemistocytic astrocytoma and 13 fibrillary astrocytomas were included in the study. Compared with control brains, accumulation of COX-1 was detected in 20–50% of all cells in both low- and high-grade gliomas. Double-labeling experiments revealed COX-1 expression in subsets of macrophages/ microglial cells within the tumor parenchyma and in areas of infiltrative tumor growth. Of the COX-1-positive cells, 90% expressed MHC class II antigens. No COX-1 immunoreactivity was observed in tumor cells. COX-2-positive cells accumulated in tumor cells and in single macrophages/microglial cells in the immediate vicinity of necroses. Further studies are required to determine whether COX-2 is involved in the development of necrosis or, more likely, whether COX-2 is a part of the tumor tissue response to necrosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010051075
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    Immunohistochemical evaluation of the marbled state in childhood hypoxic encephalopathy (1999)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 98 (1999), S. 257-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Calcium-binding protein ; Enkephalin ; Hypoxic encephalopathy ; Immunohistochemistry ; Marbled state
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have immunohistochemically analyzed the marbled state in 8 cases of perinatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy and 4 cases of infantile hypoxic encephalopathy, using antibodies against calbindin-D28k (CaBD), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), methionine-enkephalin (MEnk), myelin basic protein (MBP), neurofilament (NF), parvalbumin (PV), substance-P (SuP) and synaptophysin (SP). The marbled state was found in the thalamus in 11 cases, whose age at death was over 10 years. Four cases demonstrated the marbled state in the cerebral cortex, in addition to the striatum and/or the thalamus. The abnormally myelinated fibers in the marbled state were stained with both Klüver-Barrera and Holzer stainings; however, they were partly immunopositive for MBP and completely immunonegative for GFAP, CaBD, MEnk, PV, SuP and SP, although some of the neurons and/or fibers showed immunoreactivities for those calcium-binding proteins and/or neurotransmitters. The axons were visualized in the abnormally myelinated fibers by Bodian staining and/or anti-NF immunostainings in the cerebral cortex and striatum but not in the thalamus. GFAP-positive astrocytes did not show any continuity with the abnormally myelinated fibers. These histological features were seen in the cerebral cortex, striatum and thalamus. Difference of the etiology did not affect the histological features with the exception of anti-PV staining, in which PV-immunopositive neurons were observed only in aged subjects with infantile hypoxic encephalopathy, and seemed to be more severely affected by hypoxic stress during the perinatal period than the early infantile period. These data suggest that the site of lesion or the length of survival period after brain injury might influence the formation of the marbled state rather than the etiology. And the direct relationship between the abnormally myelinated fiber and astrocytic process was not verified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010051078
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    Glial expression of presenilin epitopes in human brain with cerebral infarction and in astrocytoma (1999)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 98 (1999), S. 337-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Presenilin ; Cerebral infarction ; Astrocytoma ; Glial cells ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Presenilins, some gene mutations of which are associated with familial Alzheimer’s disease (AD), are expressed mainly in neurons in normal brains and brains from patients clinicopathologically diagnosed as AD. They are thought to be related to cell death and survival. We studied the immunolocalization of presenilin to investigate its possible relation to cell death and glial proliferation, using two antibodies against different portions of the presenilin 1 protein, in human brains with cerebral infarction and in astrocytoma, where abundant cell death and glial proliferation are present. Expression of presenilin epitopes was more marked in glial cells than in neurons in and around the ischemic focus, and it was also robust in astrocytoma cells. These findings suggest that presenilins are functioning not only in neurons but also in glial cells in reactive and neoplastic proliferation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010051090
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    A comparison of cell phenotypes in hemimegalencephaly and tuberous sclerosis (1999)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 98 (1999), S. 407-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Hemimegalencephaly ; Tuberous sclerosis ; Large neurons ; Balloon cells ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Hemimegalencephaly, an uncommon sporadic nonfamilial congenital dysplastic abnormality of the central nervous system, constitutes a pathological spectrum of neuronal migration disorders, but consistently includes abnormal large neurons similar to those in the cortical tubers of tuberous sclerosis. Microscopically, there are also cells with homogeneous and weakly eosinophilic cytoplasm with a single eccentric nucleus, sometimes called balloon cells (likewise prominent in tuberous sclerosis). We looked for immunohistochemical and ultrastructural differences in the large neurons and balloon cells between hemimegalencephaly and tuberous sclerosis. Microtubule-associated protein 1B and 2, phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated neurofilament and synaptophysin identify the large neurons and distinguish them from balloon cells in both entities. Balloon cells in hemimegalencephaly showed no immunoreactivity for TSC2 gene product, tuberin, and vimentin, but similar cells in tuber tissue showed consistent immunoreactivity. Balloon cells in hemimegalencephaly showed no immunoreactivity for glial fibrillary acidic protein, but some cells in tubers showed such immunoreactivity. Ultrastructurally, balloon cells in hemimegalencephaly contained very few lysosomes, microfilaments, and microtubules, but abundant lipofuscin granules. Similar cells in tubers had prominent lysosomes, more microfilaments and microtubules, and very few lipofuscin granules. The resemblance between abnormal cells in hemimegalencephaly and tuberous sclerosis is superficial; their immunohistochemistry and electron microscopic profiles show distinct differences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010051101
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    Chronological study of the appearance of adenohypophysial cells in the ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis) (1999)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 200 (1999), S. 469-475 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Fish ; Pituitary gland ; Developmental biology ; Cell differentiation ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  We previously reported the chronological appearance of adenohypophysial cells in freshwater teleosts using an immunocytochemical technique. The present study investigated the chronological appearance of adenohypophysial cells in the ayu, which is spawned and has its early development in brackish water, and the results were compared with those obtained in freshwater and seawater teleosts, as well as in other vertebrates. In the adult teleostean adenohypophysis, seven or eight types of secretory cells have been distinguished, each of which produce different hormones: prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), gonadotropic hormones (GTH I and GTH II), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), melanophore stimulating hormone (MSH) and somatolactin (SL). In the pituitary of adult ayu, seven distinct types of glandular cells (PRL, GH, TSH, GTH, ACTH, MSH and SL cells) were identified. Chronologically, a few immunoreactive (ir)-PRL and ir-GH cells appeared in the ventral side of the pituitary one day before hatching. Then, just after hatching, ir-GTH cells were observed in the central to dorsal portion; ir-ACTH cells were found distributed in the anterior portion and some ir-MSH and a few ir-SL cells were seen in the posterior portion of the pituitary. Finally, a small number of ir-TSH cells were identified 50 days after hatching. These results differed from those obtained in other fishes previously reported with regard to the times of appearance of the PRL and GH cells. PRL cells appeared first, followed by GH cells in the freshwater teleosts, PRL and GH cells appeared at the same time in the brackishwater teleosts, while GH cells appeared first and PRL cells appeared last in the seawater teleosts. These results reflect the fact that PRL plays a major role in osmoregulation among freshwater teleosts, as compared with GH, which plays a similar role in seawater teleosts. It seems that both PRL and GH may play important roles in osmoregulation in brackishwater fish.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004290050295
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    Cervical synovial cysts: case report and review of the literature (1999)
    Springer
    European spine journal 8 (1999), S. 232-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Keywords: Key words Synovial cyst ; CT ; MRI ; Surgical treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The authors describe the case of a 58-year-old man with a 6-month history of severe myelopathy. CT scan and MRI of the spine revealed a cystic formation, measuring about 1 cm in diameter, at C7-T1 at a right posterolateral site at the level of the articular facet. At operation the mass appeared to originate from the ligamentum flavum at the level of the articular facet and was in contact with the dura mater. Once the mass had been removed, there was a significant amelioration of the patient’s symptoms. As previously suspected, histological aspect was synovial cyst. Cervical synovial cysts are extremely rare and, as far as we know, only 22 cases have so far been described in the literature. Diagnostic radiological investigations used were CT scan and MRI. At CT scan the most important diagnostic findings are a posterolateral juxtafacet location of the mass, egg-shell calcifications on the wall of the cyst, and air inside the cyst. At MRI the contents of the cyst are iso/hypointense on T1- and hyperintense on T2-weighted images. There may also be a hypointense rim on T2-weighted images, which enhances after i.v. administration of gadolinium. Surgical treatment consists of removal of the mass. Fixation of the vertebral segments involved is not always necessary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005860050164
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    A new method to measure vertebral rotation from CT scans (1999)
    Springer
    European spine journal 8 (1999), S. 261-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Keywords: Key words Vertebral rotation ; Idiopathic scoliosis ; CT ; Method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract CT measurement methods have good reliability for idiopathic scoliosis transverse plane deformity evaluation. However, because of application difficulties and variations in how these methods are applied, more sensitive methods are needed. This paper presents a new method for measurement of vertebral rotation from tomographic scans. First, the method was subject to clinical, intra-observer and inter-observer analysis. Twenty-three patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis were studied to test the clinical reliability of this method. There were no statistical differences between the results of the new method and Ho’s method (P = 0.3380) in the clinical study. Intra-observer and inter-observer analysis showed that this method was reliable. An experimental study was then conducted to show the confidence limits of our new method, which were found to be ± 1.6°, and there was no significant difference between the mean rotation value obtained from CT scans using our new method and that obtained using the mechanical method. These results suggest that our new method is a simple, practical and reliable method for measurement of vertebral rotation from CT scans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005860050170
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    The role of polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration in herpes simplex virus infection of murine skin (1999)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 291 (1999), S. 28-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Key words Herpes simplex virus ; Cutaneous infection ; Immunohistochemistry ; Polymorphonuclear leukocyte ; Anti-PMN antibody
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We undertook the present study to investigate the role of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in defending skin against herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. For this purpose, we established a mouse model of cutaneous HSV infection. The hind limb footpad skin of 4-week-old ICR mice was abraded linearly once with a feather edge file and infected with various strains of HSV with different virulence. In uninfected control mice, PMN appeared at the abraded skin lesion within 24 h, and were eliminated from the epidermis after 3 days. Mice inducted with a highly virulent strain of HSV demonstrated wide and severe erythematous lesions of the footpad skin and histologically, virus antigen-positive ballooning degenerated keratinocytes were observed. However, in infections with attenuated strains of HSV, the epidermis was regenerated and a viral antigen was discharged within 5 days, together with any infiltrated PMN. Macrophages and NK cells numbered less than PMN. In mice treated with anti-PMN antiserum before HSV infection, PMN infiltration was significantly suppressed 1 day after infection, and these animals developed a severe cutaneous disease even if infected with an attenuated virus. These results indicate the importance of PMN in the control of HSV cutaneous infections, especially in the primary infectious phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004030050380
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    Diffuse metastatic infiltration of a carcinoma into skeletal muscle (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 208-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Muscles ; diseases ; Neoplasms ; CT
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Skeletal muscle is one of the most unusual sites of metastasis from any malignancy. We report a patient with rapidly progressive contractures due to metastatic infiltration of a carcinoma of unknown origin into the skeletal muscle. This 61-year-old man presented with a 1-month history of rapidly evolving, painful restriction of mobility of his right arm and his legs. Computed tomography showed diffuse metastatic nodules in all muscles, particularly in the hip abductors. Muscle biopsy revealed extensive infiltration of the muscle with carcinoma cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050657
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    Cryptorchidism: strategies in detection (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 336-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Cryptorchidism ; Scrotum ; US ; CT ; MRI ; Testis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Imaging evaluation of the patient with a non-palpable testis has evolved over recent decades. The rational explanation of imaging in these patients requires a clear understanding of the various causes of a non-palpable testis, and an appreciation of the utility and limitations of the available imaging modalities. This review describes the classification of non-palpable testis and discusses the role of modern imaging in evaluation. In particular, the relative accuracies of ultrasound, CT and MRI is reviewed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050676
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    Pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis: high-resolution CT findings (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 49-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Lymphangioleiomyomatosis ; Lymphangiomyomatosis ; CT ; Lung ; CT ; comparative studies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) of the lung is a very rare disease. There are obvious discrepancies in the literature concerning the appearance of LAM on CT scans of the lung. This study adds the imaging findings of 11 patients and demonstrates how the imaging findings changed over time in four patients. Twenty-two CT examinations, and radiographs that had been obtained close to the CT examinations, of 11 patients with LAM confirmed by open lung biopsy were retrospectively evaluated with particular attention to the size of cystic lesions and wall thickness. Furthermore the CT scans were analysed for the type of pulmonary infiltration process and its distribution, presence or absence of pleural effusion, pneumothorax and lymph node enlargement. Clinical and CT follow-up studies were available in four patients. The CT scans revealed an increase in the interstitial pattern in all patients. Architectural distortion was seen in two patients and cystic lesions were present in all. The size of the cysts varied from small lesions to bullous emphysema. The cystic lesions revealed a wall thickness up to 2 mm but a wall was not perceptible in all. Pneumothorax was seen in only two patients; pleural effusion was seen in two patients. CT examination of patients with LAM reveals neither a uniform nor a pathognomonic appearance. In the early stages of LAM or in cases with interstitial changes the differential diagnosis of centrilobular emphysema or idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis seems to be more difficult than most authors believe.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050626
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    Assessment of gastric cancer: value of breathhold technique and two-phase spiral CT (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 68-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Gastrointestinal tract ; Neoplasms ; Stomach ; Neoplasms ; CT
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the capabilities of subsecond spiral CT in detecting and staging of gastric cancer. Our study included 40 patients with endoscopically detected gastric carcinomas. Two-phase spiral CT was performed within one breathhold each. Distension of the stomach was achieved by intravenous application of scopolamine and drinking of 500 ml water. After bolus injection of contrast medium, scanning was performed in the arterial and venous phase. Gastric tumour extention and lymph node involvement was assessed. Gastric cancer was detected in 39 of 40 cases (sensitivity 97.5 %). Location of the tumour was correctly assessed in all cases. In 31 of the 39 cases (79.4 %) CT staging was accordant with pathological staging. One hundred two (70 %) of 145 nodes infiltrated by tumour tissue were detected and 144 (42.8 %) of 336 nodes free of metastatic involvement were found. The predictive values of positive and negative results for the detection of lymph node metastases were 67.1 and 75 %, respectively. Spiral CT is recommended for staging of gastric cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050630
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    Extramedullary hematopoiesis related to Paget's disease (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 205-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Extramedullary hematopoiesis ; Paget's disease ; Thorax ; Neoplasm ; CT ; MR imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Extramedullary hematopoiesis usually occurs in hematological diseases but may also be found as an uncommon complication of Paget's disease, probably due to bone effraction mechanism. We present a case of intrathoracic extramedullary hematopoiesis related to Paget's disease. To our knowledge, this is the seventh case reported in the literature. We describe and correlate the conventional X-ray, CT, MR imaging, and cytological findings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050656
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  • 71
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    Exogenous lipoid pneumonia: high-resolution CT findings (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 287-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Lung ; CT ; Pneumonia ; Aspiration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The aim of this study was to assess high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings of exogenous lipoid pneumonia. High-resolution computed tomography was obtained in 25 patients with proven exogenous lipoid pneumonia resulting from aspiration of squalene (derived from shark liver oil). Diagnosis was based on biopsy (n = 9), bronchoalveolar lavage (n = 8), or sputum cytology and clinical findings (n = 8). The clinical history of taking squalene was confirmed in all patients. The CT findings were classified into three patterns: diffuse ground-glass opacity, consolidation, and interstitial abnormalities. Distribution of the abnormalities, duration of taking squalene, predisposing factors for aspiration, and route of administration were analyzed. Ten patients showed diffuse ground-glass opacity pattern. Seven of 10 patients had predisposing conditions such as unconsciousness, pharyngeal dysmotility, or motor disturbances, and 6 patients had a recent history of taking large amount of squalene through nasal route. Seven patients who had consolidation pattern had a history of taking squalene for several months and did not have any predisposing factor. All of the 5 patients who had a pattern of interstitial abnormalities had a history of taking squalene longer than 1 year and showed segmental distribution of interstitial thickening with interposing ground-glass opacities. Three patients simultaneously had two different patterns at different lobes of the lung. The HRCT findings of lipoid pneumonia are ground-glass opacities, consolidation, and interstitial abnormalities. These HRCT findings with appropriate inquiries could be useful for diagnosis of exogeneous lipoid pneumonia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050669
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    Orientation of trabecular bone in human vertebrae assessed by MRI (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 643-647 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: MRI ; CT ; Lumbar vertebrae ; Osteoporosis ; Trabeculae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The aim of the study was to assess the relative number of bone trabeculae in different orientations by using magnetic inhomogeneity measurements by MR imaging. Twelve defatted human vertebrae (L2–L4) were studied by MR imaging and CT. In the MR measurements the reversible transaxial decay rate, R2', was determined using the GESFIDE sequence. The relative contribution to R2' of bone trabeculae oriented along the x (R2'x), y (R2'y) and z (R2'y) axes was assessed, by rotation of the specimen in the magnetic field. The results were validated by CT measurements of trabecular structure at a resolution of 0.2 × 0.2 × 1 mm, using custom-made software. R2' ranged from 4.9 to 32 s–1. After separation, theoretical R2'x ranged from 2.3 to 10.7 s–1, R2'y ranged from 2.6 to 14.0 s–1 and R2'z ranged from 4.7 to 17.9 s–1. The number of bone trabeculae per millimeter identified in axial CT images ranged from 0.15 to 0.38 and from 0.039 to 0.22 per millimeter in sagittal images. The difference between axial and sagittal CT images was statistically significant and due to anisotropic voxels. The correlation between R2' and the number of bone trabeculae per millimeter was statistically significant (r = 0.83, p 〈 0.001 for x orientation; r = 0.63 for y orientation, and r = 0.59 for z orientation, p 〈 0.05 for both). The relative amount of bone trabeculae in different orientations can be assessed in vitro using R2' measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050725
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    Appendicular involvement in perforated sigmoid disease: US and CT findings (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 697-700 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Appendicitis ; Diverticulitis ; US ; CT ; Pitfalls
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. We describe four patients in whom ultrasound (US) and/or computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a thickened appendix, secondarily enlarged due to perforated sigmoid diverticulitis (n = 2) or carcinoma (n = 2). The underlying pathology was correctly recognized in all cases. Secondary thickening of the appendix due to perforated sigmoid disease provides a potential pitfall mainly on US and may lead to an incorrect diagnosis and thus to unnecessary surgery or a wrong surgical intervention. Although US alone is enough to diagnose periappendicitis and sigmoid disease, combined use of US and CT may improve assessment of its origin and extension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050735
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  • 74
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    Renal trauma in occult ureteropelvic junction obstruction: CT findings (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 611-615 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Kidney ; Ureteropelvic junction obstruction ; CT ; Trauma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The aim of this study was to present CT findings of occult ureteropelvic junction obstruction in patients with renal trauma and to describe the clinical signs and singular CT features that are characteristically observed with trauma and are relevant to management of these patients. We retrospectively reviewed 82 helical CT studies in patients with renal trauma referred to our institution. We found 13 cases of occult preexisting renal pathology, six of which were occult ureteropelvic junction obstructions. The clinical presentation, radiologic findings of trauma according to the Federle classification, and CT findings of obstructed ureteropelvic junction are presented. We found three category-I lesions (one in a horseshoe kidney), two of them treated with nephrostomy because of increased ureteropelvic junction obstruction due to pelvic clots; two category-II lesions (parenchymal and renal pelvis lacerations) that had presented only with microhematuria; and one category-IV lesion (pelvic laceration alone). Pelvic extension was demonstrated in all the cases with perirenal collections. The CT studies in all the cases with suspected ureteropelvic junction obstruction showed decreased parenchymal thickness and enhancement, and dilatation of the renal pelvis and calyx, with a normal ureter. Computed tomography can provide information to confidently diagnose underlying ureteropelvic junction obstruction in renal trauma, categorize the traumatic injury (at times clinically silent) and facilitate proper management according to the singularities observed, such us rupture of the renal pelvis alone (Federle category IV) and increasing ureteropelvic obstruction due to clots which can be decompressed by nephrostomy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050718
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  • 75
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    Electronic Resource
    Tumor diagnosis in the adult liver transplant candidate (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 841-852 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Liver transplantation ; Hepatocellular carcinoma ; Cholangiocarcinoma ; MR Imaging ; CT ; Ultrasound
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Hepatic transplantation has emerged as a potentially curative treatment of certain malignant hepatic neoplasms such as hepatocellular carcinoma, bile duct carcinoma, fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma, metastases from neuroendocrine tumors, and epithelioid hemangioendothelioma. In the early years of hepatic transplantation, there was great enthusiasm to cure patients with unresectable hepatobiliary malignancy. This early enthusiasm was tempered by the unfavorable outcome of transplantation in advanced cases of malignancy and the organ-donor shortage. Presently, patients have to be selected with predictable likelihood for long-term survival. Pre-transplantation imaging is indispensable for detection, characterization, staging, and surgical road-mapping before the procedure. The present article focuses on the role of imaging modalities in these different aspects of preoperative assessment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050754
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  • 76
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    Pathways of lymph node involvement in upper abdominal malignancies: evaluation with high-resolution CT (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 868-874 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Abdomen ; Neoplasms ; CT ; Lymphatic system ; Anatomy ; Metastases ; Omentum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The aim of this study was to enhance our understanding of the pathways of lymphatic spread of primary carcinomas in the upper abdomen by recognizing the development, configuration, and frequency of nodal enlargement in discrete anatomic regions. The study included 417 patients with histologically confirmed carcinomas (CC) of the stomach (n = 267), liver (n = 98), gallbladder (n = 25), and bile ducts (n = 27). All patients were studied by high-resolution CT and tumor extension to the lymph nodes of the subperitoneal space was clearly identified in 59 patients [33 with CC of the stomach, 8 with CC of the gallbladder, 3 with CC of the bile ducts, and 15 with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)]. In 47 of 59 patients this extension was confirmed by surgery or aspiration biopsy. Three discrete anatomic groups of lymph nodes were recognized producing a relatively distinct CT configuration when involved: (a) the hepatoduodenal seen in 49 patients; (b) the peripancreatic demonstrated in 33 patients; and (c) the aortocaval recognized in 16 patients. These groups of lymph nodes can be seen individually involved or in combination. Recognition of involvement of these nodes is important for correct diagnosis and staging of upper abdominal malignancies. The development of this involvement follows the natural flow of lymph via the lesser omentum to the retroperitoneal space.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050757
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  • 77
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    Osteomyelitis: a review of currently used imaging techniques (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 894-900 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Osteomyelitis ; Radiography ; Bone scintigraphy ; CT ; Ultrasound ; MR imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Conventional radiographs remain the initial imaging modality involved in the diagnosis of osteomyelitis. Bone scintigraphy and its specific agents did not only eliminate the problems of inherent low sensitivity of conventional radiographs, but also increased the specificity to higher degrees. Spiral CT, on the other hand, has solved several diagnostic problems, such as osteomyelitis of the sterno-clavicular junction and hidden areas in the pelvic bones. Magnetic resonance imaging with its multiplanar capability, greater anatomic details and excellent soft tissue bone marrow contrast resolution has a significant role in surgical planning and limb preservation. Ultrasound and US-guided aspiration has recently been involved in the diagnosis and management of osteomyelitis with several advantages particularly in children. Our goal in this review is to outline the ability of various imaging techniques by comparing their strengths and weaknesses in the diagnosis of osteomyelitis. Finally, we suggest various imaging algorithms for specific clinical scenarios. Spondylitis and septic arthritis are not discussed in this review.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050763
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  • 78
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    Electronic Resource
    Endovascular treatment of superior vena cava obstruction in patients with malignancies (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 965-971 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Vena cava ; Stenosis ; Obstruction ; Interventional procedure ; Neoplasm ; Grafts and prosthesis ; Thrombolysis ; CT
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The aim of this study was to report our experience on the management of superior vena cava obstruction (SVCO) secondary to malignant disease, using endovascular procedures. Twenty-six patients with SVCO due to primary or secondary tumors of the lung or the mediastinum, or catheter inserted for treatment of an extra-thoracic neoplasm, had an endovascular therapy which consisted of stenting, angioplasty, thrombo-aspiration or local fibrinolysis. Immediately after the procedure, rapid relief of symptoms occurred in 24 (90 %) of the patients. The mean Kishi's score decreased from 5.5 to 0.96. Immediate complications included one death related to pericarditis bleeding following fibrinolysis. Three patients relapsed after 20 days, 4 months and 6 months, and needed a second stenting. At 6 months the primary patency rate was 83 % and the secondary patency rate was 89 %. Endovascular treatment of SVCOs is a simple and safe procedure to restore the patency of the superior vena cava in malignant SVCO. It should be indicated in most cases as first-line treatment and performed as early as possible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050777
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  • 79
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    Electronic Resource
    Right diaphragmatic rupture and hepatic hernia: an indirect sign on computed tomography (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 972-974 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Diaphragm ; Hepatic hernia ; Blunt trauma ; CT
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. We report a case of blunt traumatic right diaphragm rupture with hepatic hernia. The diagnosis was first suggested by an abnormal hepatic location depicted on axial CT. This finding can be considered as a potentially new indirect sign of right diaphragm rupture in patients with blunt trauma. The diagnosis was then confirmed by reformatted CT and MR images.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050778
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  • 80
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    Electronic Resource
    Calcific tendinitis of the gluteus maximus tendon: CT findings (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 1104-1106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Tendinitis ; CT ; Tendons ; Calcification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Two cases of calcific tendinitis of gluteus maximus muscle are presented. The CT findings, including amorphous calcification without soft tissue mass and possible cortical erosion at the femoral enthesis of the gluteus maximus muscle, are highly suggestive of calcific tendinitis at this unusual but classical location. Ossifying entheses with well-defined cortical defect are frequent at the femoral insertion of the gluteus maximus muscle in asymptomatic subjects and must be differentiated from a real cortical erosion sometimes associated with these calcific tendinitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050799
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  • 81
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    Multifocal bone tuberculosis presenting as a breast mass: CT and MRI findings (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 1117-1119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Tuberculosis ; Skeletal ; CT ; MR imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Chest wall involvement is an uncommon manifestation of musculoskeletal tuberculosis. We present computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings in a case with multifocal musculoskeletal tuberculosis presenting as a breast mass. These radiological modalities are not diagnostic without histopathological confirmation, but they are valuable guides to surgery in defining the extent of disease involvement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050802
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  • 82
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    Exogenous lipoid pneumonia: HRCT, MR, and pathologic findings (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 1190-1196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Lipoid pneumonia ; Diagnosis ; Lung ; Disease ; CT ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The objective of this study was to describe high-resolution CT (HRCT) and MR findings of exogenous lipoid pneumonia and to correlate them with pathologic findings. A retrospective review of the medical records of our institution revealed seven patients with a diagnosis of lipoid pneumonia based on clinical data, chest films, bronchoalveolar lavage, and follow-up. Both HRCT and MR imaging were reviewed by two readers. Pathologic examination of the resected specimen or surgical biopsies were also reviewed in the four available cases. The HRCT findings were pulmonary consolidations (n = 6) with fatty (n = 3) or unspecific but low attenuation values (n = 3), areas of ground-glass opacities (n = 5), septal lines, and centrilobular interstitial thickening (n = 5). In five of the seven cases, a crazy-paving pattern of various spread was also present, either isolated (n = 1) or surrounding a pulmonary consolidation. In two cases traction bronchiectasis and cystic changes consistent with fibrosis were seen. At MR imaging (n = 2) a pulmonary consolidation of high signal intensity on T1-weighted image consistent with lipid content was present in one case. Pathologic examination (n = 4) showed the coexistence of lobules with lesions of various ages, sometimes in contiguous lobules, within the same patient. Recent lesions were those with alveolar fill-in by spumous macrophages and almost normal alveolar walls and septae. In more advanced lesions, lobules were filled in with larger vacuoles often surrounded by inflammatory infiltrates of alveolar walls, bronchiolar walls, and septa. The oldest lesions were characterized by fibrosis and parenchymal distortion around large lipid-containing vacuoles. The HRCT findings reflect pathologic findings in exogenous lipoid pneumonia. Although non-specific, consolidation areas of low attenuation values and crazy-paving pattern are frequently associated in exogenous lipoid pneumonia and are indicative of the diagnosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050815
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  • 83
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    Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the lung (inflammatory pseudotumor): uncommon cause of solitary pulmonary nodule (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 1205-1207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Lung nodule ; CT ; Inflammatory pseudotumor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Lung inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor is an uncommon cause of solitary lung nodule (0.7 % of lung tumors). The principal site of inflammatory pseudotumor is the lung, but it can also occur elsewhere in various organs. Although benign, they may be locally very aggressive. Recurrent and multifocal forms have been described. Since they are likely to mimic malignant neoplasms, accurate histopathologic diagnosis is necessary in order to guide appropriate surgical excision and avoid aggressive treatments. We report a case of lung involvement in a young adult with radiologic and pathologic correlations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050818
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  • 84
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    Electronic Resource
    Castleman disease: CT and MR imaging features of a retroperitoneal location in association with paraneoplastic pemphigus (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 1219-1221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Castleman disease ; CT ; MR imaging ; Paraneoplastic pemphigus ; Abdomen ; Neoplasms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. We describe the CT and MRI features of a case of Castleman disease which was unusual by both its retroperitoneal location and its association with paraneoplastic pemphigus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050821
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  • 85
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    Chest wall infiltration by lung cancer: value of thin-sectional CT with different reconstruction algorithms (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 1304-1309 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Lung neoplasms ; Staging ; Pleura ; CT
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate whether thin-sectional CT with different reconstruction algorithms can improve the diagnostic accuracy with regard to chest wall invasion in patients with peripheral bronchogenic carcinoma. Forty-one patients with intrapulmonary lesions and tumor contact to the thoracic wall as seen on CT staging underwent additional 1-mm CT slices with reconstruction in a high-resolution (HR) and an edge blurring, soft detail (SD) algorithm. Five criteria were applied and validated by histological findings. Using the criteria of the intact fat layer, HRCT had a sensitivity of 81 % and a specificity of 79 %, SD CT had a sensitivity of 96 % and a specificity of 78 %, and standard CT technique had a sensitivity of 50 % and a specificity of 71 %, respectively. Regarding changes of intercostal soft tissue, HRCT achieved a sensitivity of 71 % and a specificity of 96 %, SD CT had a sensitivity of 94 % and a specificity of 96 % (standard CT technique: sensitivity 50 % and specificity 96 %) . For the other criteria, such as pleural contact area, angle, and osseous destruction, no significant differences were found. Diagnostic accuracy of chest wall infiltration can be improved by using thin sectional CT. Especially the application of an edge-blurring (SD) algorithm increases sensitivity and specificity without additional costs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050837
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  • 86
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    “Air bubble”: a new diagnostic CT sign of perforated pulmonary hydatid cyst (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 1321-1323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Hydatid disease ; Chest ; CT
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The greatest difficulty in the CT diagnosis of perforated pulmonary hydatid cyst (PPHC) is the increase in the attenuation numbers following infection. Because of the solid density of infected hydatid cysts, the differentiation from an abscess or neoplasm is usually impossible. The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of “air bubble” as a new CT sign in the diagnosis of PPHC. Sixty-five patients (28 men and 37 women) with PPHC were included in the study. As a control group, 55 patients who had malignant (n = 36) or non-malignant (n = 19) pulmonary diseases were also examined. Radiological diagnosis with classical CT findings was made in only 38 of 65 patients (58.5 %) with PPHC. Air bubble sign was positive in 54 of the patients with PPHC (sensitivity 83.1 %) but only 3 of 55 patients in control group (specificity 94.5 %). When we analyzed the CT scans with classical CT findings including air bubble, the diagnosis of PPHC was made in 61 of patients (93.8 %). It is concluded that “air bubble sign” is a valuable CT finding in the diagnosis of PPHC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050840
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  • 87
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    Sclerosing stromal tumor of the ovary: radiologic findings (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 1335-1338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Sclerosing stromal tumor ; MR imaging ; CT ; Dynamic study ; Ovarian tumor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Sclerosing stromal tumor is a rare ovarian neoplasm. We describe the radiologic findings of sclerosing stromal tumor in two patients. In both patients, MR and CT images showed a large mass in the left adnexal region. On dynamic contrast-enhanced images, the tumors showed early peripheral enhancement with centripetal progression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050844
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  • 88
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    Imaging findings in patients with myelofibrosis (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 1366-1375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Myelofibrosis ; Plain film ; Ultrasound ; CT ; MR imaging ; Extramedullary hematopoiesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The purpose of this review is to illustrate the wide range of radiological abnormalities in myelofibrosis. Myelofibrosis, also called myeloid metaplasia, is a myeloproliferative disorder of unknown etiology. The common imaging findings in patients with myelofibrosis are osteosclerosis, hepatosplenomegaly, and lymphadenopathies. In addition, extramedullary hematopoiesis may develop in multiple sites such as chest, abdomen, pelvis, and central nervous system, simulating malignant disease. Selected plain-film, CT, and MR images in patients with myelofibrosis are shown as pictorial essay to allow ready recognition of the most common imaging abnormalities of the disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050850
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  • 89
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    Presacral extramedullary haematopoiesis with involvement of the sciatic nerve (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 1404-1406 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Blood diseases ; CT ; Extramedullary haematopoiesis ; Presacral mass
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. We present the case of a 60-year-old woman with no known blood disease who developed an extramedullary haematopoiesis of presacral localization that affected the right sciatic nerve. The diagnosis was made with imaging studies and CT-guided fine-needle aspiration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050857
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  • 90
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    Esophageal varices before and after endoscopic variceal ligation: evaluation using helical CT (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 1546-1549 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Esophageal varices ; CT ; Endoscopic variceal ligation ; MPR ; 3D image
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the utility of helical CT in assessing the therapeutic effects of endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL). Twenty-four patients with esophageal varices were examined. Helical scanning was initiated 60 s after intravenous injection (Iopamidol 300 mgI/ml, total 120 ml, 3 ml/s) was started. Esophageal varices were clearly depicted as high-density areas. Multiplanar reformation and 3D images demonstrated collateral circulation three-dimensionally. After EVL, mucosal high-density areas had diminished markedly, but collateral veins around the esophagus, and gastro- and/or spleno-renal shunts, were unchanged in all patients. Of 21 patients with collateral circulation, esophageal varices recurred endoscopically in 6 patients within 12 months. In 3 patients without collateral circulation, esophageal varices did not recur within 12 months. From these findings, we conclude that helical CT is a useful method for assessing the therapeutic effects of EVL.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050881
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  • 91
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    Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery arising from the pulmonary trunk: report of an adult case with long-term follow-up after surgery (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 1570-1573 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Coronary vessels ; anomalies ; Coronary vessels ; CT ; Coronary vessels ; MR studies ; Coronary angiography ; Electron-beam CT
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. An anomalous origin of the left coronary artery arising from the pulmonary artery is a congenital malformation rarely described in adults. We report the case of a 65-year-old patient with this anomaly. Clinical presentation, imaging identification (coronary angiogram, MRI and electron-beam CT), surgical treatment and angiographic long-term follow-up are described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050885
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  • 92
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    Foreign-body granuloma of the kidney: CT, MR and pathologic correlation (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 1590-1592 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Kidney ; Kidney neoplasms ; CT ; Fat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The differential diagnosis of renal masses containing fatty foci is limited to a small number of well-defined tumors, angiomyolipoma being the most frequent. In recent years clear cell carcinomas with intratumoral fatty foci have been reported, due to either entrapment of local fat or to regressive adipose metaplasia. Demonstration of focal calcifications is a valuable sign, being relatively common in carcinomas while rare in more benign lesions. We report a case of a foreign-body granuloma of the kidney, containing both calcifications and foci of fat. The value of this case, in our opinion, is that it demonstrates that detection of the previously mentioned features in a renal mass does not necessarily imply a presumptive diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050890
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  • 93
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    Isolated penile metastasis from bladder carcinoma (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 1596-1598 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Penile metastasis ; Corpus cavernosum ; Bladder cancer ; CT ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Metastases of the penis are uncommon, with only approximately 300 cases reported since 1870. In up to 70 % of patients, the primary tumour is located in the urogenital tract. Furthermore, isolated metastases of the penis are exceptionally rare. We report a case of solitary squamous cell metastasis of the penis presenting with painful swelling initially thought to be inflammatory in origin. The CT and MR imaging findings are presented with a short review of the literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050892
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  • 94
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    Renal replacement lipomatosis: ultrasonography and computed tomography findings (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 1599-1601 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Kidney ; US ; CT ; Lipomatosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Replacement lipomatosis of the kidney is the result of severe atrophy or destruction of the renal parenchyma often caused by calculous disease with secondary marked proliferation of renal sinus, renal hilus, and perirenal fatty tissue. The diagnosis is difficult to establish with conventional radiographic methods. Although ultrasonography may show highly suggestive findings, computed tomography seems to be the most accurate method for demonstrating the distinctive features of replacement lipomatosis. Ultrasonographic and computed tomographic features in three cases of replacement lipomatosis of the kidney are reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050893
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Utility of CT scan for the diagnosis of chest wall tuberculosis (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 1638-1642 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Bone ; Tuberculosis ; CT ; Rib ; Sternum ; Chest wall
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The objective of this study was to determine the utility of CT scan findings for the diagnosis of chest wall tuberculosis, excluding the spine. We reviewed 15 patients (13 Africans and 2 Indians) with chest wall tuberculosis, retrospectively. The radiologic examination consisted of a plain X-ray and a CT scan of the chest for each patient. The site of disease was the rib in 13 patients or the body of the sternum in 2 patients. One rib was involved in 11 patients, 2 contiguous ribs (one site) in 2 patients, and bilateral disease (two sites) was observed in the remaining patient. The 14 rib sites involved the posterior arc or costovertebral joint in 11 cases, the anterior arc in 2 cases, and the anterior and middle arc in 1 case. The CT scan findings were an abscess (n = 14) or a soft tissue mass (n = 2), osteolytic lesions (n = 13), periosteal reaction (n = 10), and sequestrum (n = 14). Bone sclerosis was observed only in 3 cases of rib involvement. The association of a soft tissue abscess, an osteolytic lesion, and sequestrum, especially in immigrants to France, suggests chest wall tuberculosis on CT scan.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050900
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cranial fasciitis in an adult: CT and MR imaging findings (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 1650-1652 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Bone tumors ; Cranial fasciitis ; CT ; MR imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Cranial fasciitis is a rare bone lesion in childhood. We report the first case in an adult, with CT and MR imaging, and suggest some diagnostic keys.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050903
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plexiform schwannoma of the foot (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 1653-1655 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Plexiform schwannoma ; Soft tissue tumor ; Plexiform neurofibroma ; CT ; MR imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The present report describes a plexiform schwannoma involving the subcutis of the foot in an 8-year-old boy. Gross findings revealed thin fibrous septa in a multilobulated tumor that was partly separated into free body-like nodules in the subcutis. Preoperative CT and MRI failed to delineate this multinodular architecture or free bodies. This is a case presentation including the CT and MR findings associated with plexiform schwannoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050904
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CT diagnosis of delayed presentation of congenital diaphragmatic hernia simulating massive pleuropneumonia (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 1672-1674 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia ; Delayed presentation ; CT
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. A case of an 11-month-old infant with a delayed presentation of congenital diaphragmatic hernia is reported. Incarceration of the herniated colon caused a misleading appearance on the chest X-ray which was interpreted as massive pleuropneumonia. Computed tomography, performed because of continuing deterioration in the clinical condition, showed fluid-filled bowel loops in the chest and dilated bowel loops with air–fluid levels in the abdomen, suggesting the correct diagnosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050907
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Imaging features of thalassemia (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 1804-1809 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Thalassemia ; Extramedullary hematopoiesis ; MRI ; CT
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Thalassemia is a kind of chronic, inherited, microcytic anemia characterized by defective hemoglobin synthesis and ineffective erythropoiesis. In all thalassemias clinical features that result from anemia, transfusional, and absorptive iron overload are similar but vary in severity. The radiographic features of β-thalassemia are due in large part to marrow hyperplasia. Markedly expanded marrow space lead to various skeletal manifestations including spine, skull, facial bones, and ribs. Extramedullary hematopoiesis (ExmH), hemosiderosis, and cholelithiasis are among the non-skeletal manifestations of thalassemia. The skeletal X-ray findings show characteristics of chronic overactivity of the marrow. In this article both skeletal and non-skeletal manifestations of thalassemia are discussed with an overview of X-ray findings, including MRI and CT findings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050926
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aberrant left brachiocephalic vein: CT imaging findings and embryologic correlation (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 1835-1839 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Aberrant left brachiocephalic vein ; CT ; Embryonic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Computed tomography was utilized to evaluate aberrant left brachiocephalic vein (ALBCV), an infrequently discussed congenital vascular anomaly among Chinese people. Associated vascular variation and possible embryonic correlation are discussed. Since 1990, a total of 14 cases of ALBCV have been reported in patients receiving CT scan of chest, and was mainly an incidental diagnosis. One case was confirmed angiographically and two others were confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging. Emphasis was placed on the entry of the azygos vein into the superior vena cava (SVC), the length of the SVC, and the presence of other cardiovascular abnormalities. Of the 14 cases of ALBCV, the level of azygos vein entry was higher than the origin of the SVC in 7 cases: 4 were approximately the same level and 3 were lower. The average length of the SVC was approximately 5.6 cm shorter than that of the general population, which is approximately 7.0 cm. Three cases had associated vascular anomaly. Most cases of ALBCV had azygos vein drainage level higher than or equal to the origin of the SVC. Right-sided aorta is one of the causes giving rise to the ALBCV during embryonic development. The CT scan remains a definitive diagnostic modality for ALBCV.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050931
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