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  • 2000-2004  (43)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 20 (2000) 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 20 (2000), S. 17-29 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The dynamic behaviour of biofilters intended to remove toluene and xylene from air was studied during transient states. Laboratory scale biofilters were filled with a mixture of peat, bark and wood and inoculated with a mixed microbial population. Toluene and xylene were applied both as single pollutants and as mixtures. Attention was focused on the evaluation of the following transients: the response of biofilters to step changes and peaks in pollutant concentrations, the effect of changes between single and multiple pollutant loadings and the response to shutdown periods.The biofilters demonstrated a good dynamic stability during transient states induced by change in inlet pollutant concentrations. Their time periods did not exceed three hours. No interaction between xylene and toluene degradation was observed during changes in loading with single pollutants or their mixture. The performance interruptions lasting less than 24 hours were found to have no significant influence on the removal efficiency of biofilters. When the biofilters were reacclimated after longer starvation periods, a short temporary decrease in efficiency whose minimum and duration were proportional to the length of a preceding shutdown period was observed. The longest starvation period (7 days) resulted in a reacclimation lasting 7 hours only. Adaptations of a microbial population to new operating conditions as well as sorption/desorption processes were suggested as the main factors influencing the dynamic reponse characteristics.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 20 (2000), S. 31-38 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In this paper, the in vivo decolourization of the polymeric dye Poly R-478 by semi-solid-state cultures of Phanerochaete chrysosporium BKM-F-1767 (ATCC 24725) was investigated, employing corncob as a support. In order to stimulate the ligninolytic system of the fungus, the cultures were supplemented with veratryl alcohol (2 mM) or manganese (IV) oxide (1 g/l).Maximum manganese-dependent peroxidase (MnP) and lignin peroxidase (LiP) activities of around 2,000 U/l and 400 U/l were attained by the former, whereas the activities reached by the latter were of about 1,500 U/l and 200 U/l, respectively. Furthermore, laccase activity (around 150 U/l) was only detected in manganese (IV) oxide supplemented cultures.The polymeric dye Poly R-478 (0.02 w/v) was added to three-day-old cultures. A percentage of biological decolourization of about 85% was achieved using cultures supplemented with veratryl alcohol, whereas MnO2 cultures showed a rather lower percentage of around 58% after nine days of dye incubation. Moreover, a correlation between MnP activity and Poly R-478 decolourization could be observed, indicating that this enzyme is mainly responsible for dye degradation.In the present work, the in vivo decolourizing capability of the ligninolytic complex secreted by P. chrysosporium was investigated under the above-mentioned cultivation conditions, employing a model compound, such as the polymeric dye Poly R-478.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 20 (2000), S. 53-64 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An advanced primary treatment process for a municipal waste water was systematically studied, using a bio-flocculation-adsorption, sedimentation and stabilzation process (BSS). It was shown that the organic removal efficiency was higher than that of the traditional primary treatment processes but lower than that of the traditional secondary treatment processes. Both adsorption and bio-flocculation played an important role in the removal of pollutants. The activated sludge within the bio-flocculation-adsorption tank could be considered a bio-flocculent which improved the quality of the effluent from the primary treatment process. As the effluent of the BSS process did not meet the requirements for a typical secondary effluent, the process may be regarded as an advanced (or enhanced) primary treatment process, suitable for waste water containing a high concentration of suspended solids and colloidal particles.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 20 (2000), S. 67-73 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The concentration of airborne fungal spores and bacteria as related to room temperature, humidity and occupancy levels within a library building in Singapore was determined. Measurement of indoor air quality with respect to microorganisms is of particular importance in tropical environments due to the extensive use of air-conditioning systems and the potential implications for human health. This study has revealed a number of interesting relationships between the concentrations of fungal spores and bacteria in relation to both environmental and human factors. The levels of fungal spores measured in the indoor environment were approximately fifty times lower than those measured outside, probably because of the lowered humidity caused by air-conditioning in the indoor environment. The variation in fungal spore concentration in the outdoor environment is likely to be due to the diurnal periodicity of spore release and the response to environmental factors such as light temperature and humidity. The indoor concentration of fungal spores in air was not clearly correlated to concentrations measured in air outside of the library building and remained relatively constant, unaffected by the difference in the numbers of occupants in the library. In contrast, the indoor concentrations of bacteria in air were approximately ten times higher than those measured outdoors, indicating a signficant internal source of bacteria. The elevated levels of indoor bacteria were primarily attributed to the number of library occupants. Increased human shedding of skin cells, ejection of microorganisms and particulates from the respiratory tract, and the transport of bacteria on suspended dust particles from floor surfaces probably accounts for the strong positive correlation between occupancy levels and the concentration of bacteria in internal air.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 20 (2000) 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 20 (2000), S. 96-96 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 20 (2000), S. 87-96 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Preliminary results on the novel use of the bacterium Thiobacillus ferrooxidans (ATCCJ 3598 and ATCC33020) for the micro-machining (or biomachinig) of metals are reported. Biomachning is a controlled microbiological process to selectively form microstrucutures on a metal work-piece by metal removal (or dissolution) using microorganisms. Applying copper and mild steel as work-pieces, it was shown that the mass removed increased proportionately with machining time. In another experiment, the work-pieces were coated with organic photo-resistive materials to mask (i.e. protect) certain regions of the metlas, thereby defining the microstructure to be formed. The unmasked regions were successfully biomachined; the final machined profile was shown to be similar to the coating image on the original metal. Although biomachining proceeded at a slower rate than chemical machining, the undesired leaching of the metal in the region under the masked area (termed undercutting) was not as severely encountered when compared with the latter. This work demonstrates the potential use of microorganisms for the biomachining of metals. As a “green process”, the innovative use of T. ferrooxidans for the micro-machining of metals opens up the possibility of biomachining as an alternative to conventional metal processing.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 11
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: During the microbial treatment of a sandy model soil artificially contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), a large residual pollution was found. The remainig PAHs were sorbed into the micropores of the soil and were therefore not bioavailable. Using a lab-scale precolator, the microbially pretreated soil was subjected to aftertreatment with surfactants with the aim of further degradation of its pollution. Two commercial nonionic surfatants of the polyethoxylate type, Präwozell F1214/5 N and Sapogenat T-300, were used. The surfactants differ both in their physicochemical properties (CMC value, PAH solubilization capacity, adsorption onto soil) and in their microbial degradability. During aftertreatment under permanently aerobic conditions, only a weak PAH accumulation in the liquid phase was observed, which was due to a low solubilization rate as well as to simultaneous microbial degradation of the dissolved PAHs. Temporary anaerobiosis successfully suppressed the microbial degradation of both the surfactant and the solubilized PAHs, resulting in a more intensive PAH accumulation. But the PAH content of the soil - the essential criterion for evaluating the efficiency of surfactant application - was not decreased to a larger extent with surfactants than without them. To find out why the surfactants failed to act, the surfactant and hydrocarbon distribution among the liquid and solid phases was studied in mixtures of phenantherne-spiked solis and Präwozell-containig liquids; at heavy phenanthrene loading, the aqueous phase was saturated with PAH; at weak loading, it was unsaturated. Model-aided data analysis showed that the soil may contain PAH in two fractions: strongly sorbed into soil pores and, in the case of heavy loading, also weakly attached to the soil surface. The latter is easily extractable, resulting in a PAH-saturated liquid, while strongly adsorbed PAH is only partially dissolved due to competition between the micelles and the soil pores for the PAH. The microbially pretreated soil contains only strongly bound PAHs, which are as difficult to extract by surfactants as they are poorly accessible for microbes.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 12
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Autochthonous bacteriocenoses in semiarid soils in Patagonia were found to be capable of rapidly adapting to high contamination with crude oil. This adaptation at community level is due to the selective enrichment of hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria always present in these soils. Immediately after a heavy contamination with crude oil, the authochthonous bacteriocenosis contained about 28% hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria which could be classified into eight ecotypes with characteristic metabolic profiles. Mainly n-alkanes were used as growth substrates of representative strains. After seven months' exposure to crude oil, the bacteriocenosis consisted almost entirely of hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria. At least fourteen ecotypes were distinguishable, and the majority of representative strains were able to metabolize a broad spectrum of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. Corresponding to the significant alteration of the physiological diversity, drastic changes to the taxonomic diversity were also found. Whereas at the beginning of the study the autochthonous bacteriocenoses were dominated by GRAM-positive genera of the Actinomycetales (Dietzia, Gordona, Nocardia, Rhodococcus, Streptomyces) with high ecological potency, after just two months' exposure to crude oil, GRAM- negative bacteria (especially Pseudomonas stutzeri) became predominant within the hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteriocenoses accompanied by some GRAM-positive genera of the Actinomycetales with a significantly lower abundance. These findings underline the importance of Pseudomonas and some genera of Actinomycetales for processes of natural attenuation and the technically supported in situ bioremediation of soil polluted by crude oil in Patagonia.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 20 (2000), S. 149-159 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Some parameters of the production of an alkaline protease by Rhizopus oryzae in the solid state fermentation of wheat bran were optimized. Using the optimum parameters of an inoculum age of 7 days, an incubation time of 9 days, an amount of CZAPEK-DOX (liquid medium) of 6 ml/g bran and an incubation temperature of 33°C, an activity of 50 U/g bran was achieved. The initial pH of the CZAPEK-DOX medium had little effect. Re-incubation of mouldy bran with only fresh CZAPEK-DOX yielded 3 times total activity compared to single-cycle fermentation. As for the effect of the amount CZAPEK-DOX medium, the water constituent contributed more to activity increase than did the salt component. The ARRHENIUS activation energies were 23 and 7.9 kcal/mole below and above the optimum of 33°C, respectively. In all the studies, along with protease production, variation of protein content and specific activity were also observed. Attempts were made to explain the effects and also gauge their implications for large-scale production.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 14
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 20 (2000) 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 20 (2000), S. 187-187 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 20 (2000), S. 189-201 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Desulfovibrio vulgaris strain PY1 was isolated from a 3-chlorobenzoic acid (3CBA) degrading anaerobic enrichment culture, using anaerobic Percoll density centrifugation. When grown on pyruvate (20 mM), in the absence of sulphate and under strict anaerobic conditions, this organism converted not only the co-substrates benzoate (BA), 3-amino-BA and 3CBA to the corresponding alcohols but also ten other different halogenated benzoic acids, viz., 4-Cl-, 3-Br-, 4-Br-, 3-I-, 3-F-, 4-F-, 2,4-di-Cl-, 2,5-di-Cl-, 3,4-di-Cl- and 3,5-di-Cl-BA. This was verfied with HPLC and GC/MS spectrometric analyses. The yields of the co-substrate converted after 30 days of growth were between 20% and 88%, depending on the compounds which had been added at initial concentrations of 500 μM. Sulphate, sulphite, thiosulphate and disulphite inhibited the formation of 3-Cl-benzyl alcohol (3CBOH), i.e. a 97 to 99% inhibition, and nitrate and sulphur had no effect (a 7-10% inhibition). In cell-free extracts, the reduction of 3CBA to 3CBOH required strict anaerobic conditions, pyruvate or H2 as electron donors and the addition of methylviologen (MV), FAD, FMN or ferredoxin as electron carriers. The specific activity of the reduction of 3CBA to 3CBOH in crude extract was 5.3 nmol/(mg protein min). The reaction was not inhibited by additions of sulphate or sulphite (5 mM), but was completely inhibited at concentrations of 10 mM 3CBA or 50 mM BA. A carboxylic acid reductase (aldehyde dehydrogenase), which acted on non-activated 3CBA and was responsible for the reduction of 3CBA to 3-Cl-benzaldehyde, was found in the solube fraction (94% of the total activity). These results demonstrate that strain PY1 was able to effectively reduce a wide range of halogenated benzoic acids to the corresponding alcohols.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 20 (2000), S. 203-218 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The recent upsurge in information technology has provided the international community with an easy access to professional journals (e.g. Electronic Journal of Biotechnology at http://www.ejb.org; etc.), discussion groups (e.g. bioenergy@cret.org; digestion@crest.org; etc.) and recently to electronic international conferences (e.g. ICIBS; http://www.cid.harvard.edu/cidbiotech, etc.) as well as a series of biotechnological information material (e.g. http://www.psrast.org, etc.) to stay in contact and receive up-to-date information in biotechnology. There is no doubt that this new technology will be more cost effective in future and reach more people in communities around the globe.This review reports on one such an electronic conference aiming at bridging the communication gap between developed and developing countries. This conference dealt with integrated biosystems and has provided an excellent forum for more than 100 active participants from all regions of the world. As has been demonstrated in this review, the conference was able to show the very different approaches towards the use of biotechnology in developed and developing countries, cold and tropical climate regions owing to their different ecological, economical and societal problems. It also demonstrated very clearly that the field of molecular genetics and/or genetic engineering is not a priority issue in developing countries, but rather the need for clean technologies, multiproduct formation through socio-economic integrated biosystems, e.g. incorporating microbial waste management into agro-industries, in human activities and their roles in creating better health conditions, a better environment and sustain development.It is hoped that this review will lead to a greater use of the electronic facilities available to inform and educate both the northern and the southern communities more readily of their needs and requirements to improve understanding and efforts for a sustainable future.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 20 (2000), S. 275-288 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The purpose and scope of this article is to introduce capable zeolites into downstream processing of natural compounds, especially flavour compounds like 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3(2H)-furan-3-one (Furaneol®Furaeol is a registered trademark of FIRMENICH, Ch). The synthesis and the recovery of Furaneol from L-rhamnose are presented. Therefore adsorption isotherms of the zeolites ZSM5 and DAY with varying modules have been determined and adsorption experiments using model and reaction mixtures of Furaneol synthesis were performed and will be discussed.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 20
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A fermentation process for manufacturing 1,4-piperazinium-(L,L)-dilactate from renewable raw materials and a method for processing this product into L,L-dilactide are described. Lactic acid fermentation with Lactobacillus paracasei was modified in such a way that pH control occurred by using an aqueous solution of piperazine as a correcting agent instead of sodium hydroxide solution. The production of a stoichiometrically composed piperazinium lactate was possible when the pH was 5.0. From 5.0 kg of glucose and 2.15 kg of piperazine, 6.65 kg of 1,4-piperazinium-(L,L)-dilactate were formed in the fermentation process. Separation from fermentation broth, purification and concentration of the product in aqueous solutions were carried out by means of ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and electrodialysis. Total product retention by the membranes used was about 33%. The crystalline salt was obtained by vacuum evaporation. Processing of the 1,4-piperazinium-(L,L)-dilactate into L,L-dilactide was performed in a special glass reactor. A product yield of 70% was achieved. The purified product was characterized by elementary analysis, as well as solubility behaviour, polarity and spectroscopic data. An overall process consisting of the stages fermentation, purification and concentration of piperazinium dilactate as well as cyclization of the latter to dilactide is described.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 21
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Because of the growing utilization of renewable raw materials, the technical use of lignocellulosic fibres from wood and other annual plant materials is becoming increasingly important. The conventional production process of fibreboards is characterized by high-energy consumption and use of ecologically insecure synthetic lesins. Approximately 40 to 45% of the total energy expenditure are used for the thermo-mechanical pulping. Because of high plastication temperatures, an inactive lignin crust on the fibre surface is formed. For that reason, for glueing of the fibres, urea formaldehyde and melamin resins are usually used. The costs for the resin amount to approximately 50% of the entire material costs. In addition, environmental problems are caused. The aim of our investigation is the reduction of energy and resin consumption by enzymatic modification of wood chips and the enzymatic activation of the inherent bonding strength of the material. The first industrial use of fungi for the modification of wood was in the production of “Myco wood”. Pleurothus ostreatus and Trametes versicolor were applied for nonsterile delignification of beech wood. The present investigation of the authors deals with the mycological pre-treatment of wood chips in order to reduce the energy consumption during wood pulping. The screening results favour the brown rotter Gleophyllum trabeum for pinewood (Pinus silvestris) and the white rotter Trametes hirsuta for beech (Fagus silvatica). Both species show resistance against mould fungi. The use of submerged inoculum of these fungi has the advantage over wheat inoculum that the lag phase is less than 12 hours and that the addition of nutrients or fungicides is not necessary. Short-time wood chip incubation results in a 40% decrease of energy consumption during thermo-mechanical pulping and in improved fibreboard properties. Lignin reduction could not be determined by gravimetrical and x-ray microanalysis.Comparative investigations of fibre incubation using laccase, a submerged culture of Trametes versicolor and rape straw fibres show a high increase in bending and tensile strength and an improvement in the hygroscopic properties of glue-free fibre boards for the last two incubation kinds. Similar effects have been obtained incubating pine wood fibres for the production of fibre sheets with enzyme medium of Trichoderma reseei.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 20 (2000), S. 335-350 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: During the 20th century, important relationships developed between the oil industry and both microbiological and biotechnological research. Basic microbiological research has played an important role in both the exploration and production sectors of the oil industry, but as the maturity of the industry has progressed, such contributions have been relegated with respect to their importance. With respect to refining and petrochemicals manufacture, process routes have been extensively researched, but only rarely have the biotechnological solutions developed satisfied the economic criteria that resulted in major investment. In fact, situations exist where investment has occurred, but project life was unrealistically short, suggesting a need for extreme caution when evaluating biotechnological processes for the oil industry. However, as far as engineered processes for both biotreatment and bioremediation are concerned, the fundamental research that has underpinned other areas of hydrocarbon microbiology will finally prove to be of both technical and economic value, in ensuring that the essential needs of treatment, rather than disposal, and restoration, rather than environmental destruction, can be satisfied by the oil and other industries involved in both geochemical manipulation and natural resource exploitation.
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  • 23
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The influence of different growth-limiting factors - namely the sources of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus and the dilution (growth) rate - on the ice-nucleation activity of Pseudomonas syringe CCM 4073 was studied. A higher ice-nucleation activity was observed at a lower dilution (growth) rate (D = 0.1 h-1) than at a higher dilution (growth) rate (D = 0.3 h-1). Remarkable differences in ice-nucleation activity were found in its dependence on the growth-limiting factor. The highest ice-nucleation activity was observed under carbon limitation (T90 = -2.7°C), a medium activity under nitrogen limitation (T90 = -5°C) and lowest activity under phosphorus limitation (T90 = -12.3°C). After the addition of excess nitrogen or phosphorus to steady-state cultures, the ice-nucleation activity was restored.
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  • 24
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Continuous counter-current chromatographic processes have been successfully used in the petrochemical and sugar industry over the last 30 years. Only recently has simulated moving bed (SMB)-technology attracted widespread interest in the pharmaceutical industry, mainly as a very efficient system for chromatographic enantioseparation. The application of this technique to the downstream processing of biotechnological products requires some specific changes to meet the special demands of bioproduct isolation. Production processes are set up on an multi-ton scale, for example, for the purification of fructose with both yield and purity higher than 90%. Examples for other mono- and oligosaccharides are reported. In the purification of fatty acids or fat soluble vitamins, SMB technology under supercritical fluid conditions gives additional benefits and increases the productivity by a factor of four when a pressure gradient is applied. Another field of operation is the isolation of drug compounds from natural sources where different batch- and SMB-chromatographic steps could be successfully combined. First examples are reported for cyclosporine A and paclitaxel isolation. Finally, step-gradient elution modes can be used continuously, as demonstrated for the isolation of monoclonal antibodies.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 25
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 20 (2000), S. 65-65 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 27
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 28
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 20 (2000), S. 41-52 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Studies were carried out to evaluate the feasibility of using coffee industry residues, viz. coffee husk, coffee leaves and spent coffee ground as substrates in solid state fermentation (SSF) to cultivate edible mushrooms Pleurotus. Eight strains of Pleurotus ostreatus and two strains of Pleurotus sajor-caju were screened on a medium prepared from aqueous extract of coffee husk and agar. Based on best mycelial growth (9.68 mm/day) and biomass production (43.4 mg/plate in 9 days at 24°C), the strain P. ostreatus LPB 09 was selected for detailed studies. SSF was carried out using these substrates under different moisture conditions (45-75%) and spawn rates (2.5-25%). In general, although a 25% spawn rate appeared superior, the 10% spawn rate was recommended for all the three substrates in view of the process economics, as there was not any significant difference in the increase with 10 to 15%. The ideal moisture content for mycelial growth was 60-65% for coffee husk and spent coffee ground, and 60-70% for coffee leaves. The biological efficiency (BE), which is defined as the ratio of the weight of fresh fruiting bodies to the weight of dry substrate, multiplied by 100, and which indicates the fructification ability of the fungus for utilizing the substrate, was best with coffee husk. With coffee husk as the substrate, the first fructification occurred after 20 days of inoculation, and the biological efficiency reached about 97% after 60 days. When coffee leaves were used as the substrate, no fructification was observed even upon prolonged cultivation. With spent ground as the substrate, the first fructification occurred 23 days after inoculation and the biological efficiency reached about 90% in 50 days. There was a significant decrease in the caffeine and tannin contents (61 and 79%, respectively) of coffee husk after 60 days. It was remarkable to observe that caffeine was adsorbed onto the fruiting body (0.157%), indicating that it was not completely degraded by the fungal culture. However, no tannins were found in the fruiting body, indicating that the fungal strain was capable of degrading them. The results showed the feasibility of using coffee husk and spent coffee ground as substrates without any pre-treatment for the cultivation of edible fungi in SSF, and provided one of the first steps towards an economical utilization of these otherwise unutilized or poorly utilized residues.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 29
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 20 (2000), S. 75-81 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Serratia marcescens biovar A2/A6 is able to produce a red pigment as a secondary metabolite which has antimicrobial activity. This paper describes its growth and biopigment formation in batch cultures, in media containing different concentrations of lactic acid and beef extract as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. An unstructured model has also been developed to describe its growth, lactic acid uptake and biopigment formation. The comparison of simulated and experimental data shows that the proposed model predicts reasonably well the system behaviour over a range of conditions.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 30
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 20 (2000), S. 97-98 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 31
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The increasing requirements in wastewater treatment have led to the development of new wastewater treatment processes based on the know-how and experience in reaction and process engineering of the chemical industry. Due to their compactness, closed operation and high flexibility, these new processes show a large potential for process integration and significant cost reduction in particular for highly polluted industrial wastewaters.This paper discusses the HCR (high-performance compact reactor) - process, developed at the Mass Transfer Laboratory of the Technical University of Clausthal within the last decade. This process has been realized in more than 30 technical applications with a volume loading of up to 70 kg COD/m3 d and an energy consumption of about 0.4 kWh per kg CODelim.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 32
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 33
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 34
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 20 (2000), S. 161-168 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Five different chemical reagents and γ-rays were tested for the sanitization of immobilized biocatalysts with high penicillin G acylase (PGA) activity. The most effective chemical reagents were N-cetyl-N,N,N-trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and 2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol (thymol). The optimum concentration of CTAB for the treatment of the immobilized enzyme was 0.25% [w/v] and 1 h, for immobilized cells 0. [w/v] and 3 h. The optimum concentration of thymol for the immobilized enzyme was found to be 0.1% [w/v] and 1 h, for immobilized cells 0.27% [w/v] and 2 h. The optimum dose of γ-rays for the sanitization of the immobilized enzyme was established as 3.2 kGy, for immobilized cells as 4.5 kGy.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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  • 35
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 20 (2000), S. 169-174 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Nitrogen fixing Anabaena azollae strains isolated from four different Azolla cultures were characterized based on their total protein profile and RAPD profile to study the existing variation among them. As expected, the isolates showed almost similar protein banding patterns, but exhibited differences in 40-70 KDa protein subunits. Polymerase chain reaction of the DNA of the isolates, using four different primers, amplified specific sequences of DNA and showed clear polymorphism among the isolates. The RAPD profile generated the fingerprinting pattern characteristic of each strain based on the sequence of the primers used. Common band sharing observed between the strains A. azollae-RS-KK-SK-AM and A. azollae-RS-KK-SK-RP probably represents maternal inheritance of DNA to the progeny. The polymorphic bands were generated specifically for the isolates A. azollae-RS-KK-SK-RP and A. azollae-RS-KK-SK-AM with primers numbered 2 and 4, respectively, which could be developed as possible markers for these isolates.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 36
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 20 (2000), S. 175-183 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Mature seed-derived callus from an elite Chinese japonica rice cv. Eyl 105 was transformed with a plasmid containing the selectable marker hygromycin phosphotransferase (hpt) and the reporter β-glucuronidase (gusA) genes via particle bombardment. After two rounds of selection on hygromycin (30 mg/l)-containing medium, resistant callus was transferred to hygromycin (30 mg/l)-containing regeneration medium for plant regeneration. Twenty-three independent transgenic rice plants were regenerated from 127 bombarded callus with a transformation frequency of 18.1%. All the transgenic plants contained both gusA and hpt genes, revealed by PCR/Southern blot analysis. GUS assay revealed 18 out of 23 plants (78.3%) proliferated on hygromycin-containing medium had GUS expression at various levels. Genetic analysis confirmed Mendelian segregation of transgenes in progeny. From R2 generations with their R1 parent plants showing 3:1 Mendelian segregation, we identified three independent homozygous transgenic rice lines. The homozygous lines were phenotypically normal and fertile compared to the control plants. We demonstrate that homozygous transgenic rice lines can be obtained via particle bombardment-mediated transformation and through genetic analysis-based selection.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 37
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 20 (2000), S. 202-202 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 38
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 20 (2000), S. 219-233 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The GRAM-positive bacterium Rhodococcus erythropolis K2-3 and the GRAM-negative Ochrobactrum anthropi K2-14 are capable of synergistically degrading 4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid (2,4-DB). The two strais execute this task in a symbiotic manner, but the nature of the interaction involved in the degradation is only partially understood as yet. An essential first step in elucidating the interaction is to be able to monitor the two strans separately, at the cellular level, within mixed populations. Therefore a method exploiting fluorescently labelled lectin probes was developed. Since Concanavalin A (Con A) binds specifically to R. erythropolis K2-3, it was selected and linked to the fluoresent dye Bodipy 630/650, which has an excitation maximum in the red part of the visible light spectrum. Forward light scatter (FSC) and DNA fluorescence from both strains were also measured to obtain simultaneous information about their physiological states. The three parameters were conveniently monitored by dual and triple excitation flow cytometry in conjunction with double fluorescent staining techniques. In addition, the strains were identified using an epifluorescence microscope. These techniques were found powerful tools for the population analysis of this mixed bacterial system.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 39
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 40
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 20 (2000), S. 235-274 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A quite unconventional, innovative scientific methodology called “macroscopic pattern analysis” is presented in this paper. This approach is more adequate in the case of complex systems than the well-known microscopic, mechanistic approach. Complex systems are not only attracting more engineering interest, but their scientific treatment is increasingly wanted by society due to the manifold problems in Earth's ecosphere. The macroscopic pattern approach will be explained in depth and illustrated in some case studies from the ecosphere (sustainability, hurricanes and avalanches), where nature serves as a teacher for the solution of the sustainability problem. Then, a series of case studies on macropatterns are described showing the problem-solving capacity for anthropo- and technosphere: sustainability in society with an index of sustainability, the eco-social market economy with eco-tech as an instrument, biokinetics, bioreactor mixing and integrated bioprocessing with models, design of cars and houses and even quality of life as an attempt to quantify macropatterns.The innovations are briefly compared in their problem-solving capacity with known approaches such as the microscopic method in science, technology and society (free market economy), including the evaluation of other indices and cleaner production, industrial ecology and zero emission initiative. Finally, a deeper integration of sciences, ethics, arts and nature will be introduced based on the vision with macroscopic pattern analysis, where the different domains of human life are integratable to effect a reconciliation.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
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  • 41
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 20 (2000), S. 334-334 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 42
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The impact of hydrocarbon remediation on several enzyme activities (catalase, dehydrogenase, lipase, protease, urease, alkaline phosphomonoesterase, fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis) and microbial properties (biomass-C, respiration, N-mineralization, qCO2, microbial counts) was evaluated in a laboratory study over a period of 10 weeks. A pristine soil was contaminated with diesel oil (10 mg/g soil) or with a mixture of phenanthrene and naphthalene (total amount 1 mg/g soil) and supplemented with inorganic nutrients to give a C:N ratio of 20:1. The corresponding controls consisted of uncontaminated nutrient-supplemented soil. Oil contamination caused a significant initial increase of all biological parameters measured. In the presence of PAHs, biomass-C, respiration, protease activity and heterotrophic counts were significantly enhanced, while urease activity was depressed. N-mineralization was initially, however, reversibly inhibited in the presence of oil and PAHs.The measured parameters behaved differently over time: Biomass-C, respiration and alkaline phosphomonoesterase activity reached a maximum activity after about 2-5 weeks, corresponding to the period during which the majority of hydrocarbons disappeared, and declined thereafter to the background level. Activities of catalase and dehydrogenase also followed this pattern, however, were characterized by fluctuations. Activities of lipase, protease, urease and fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis increased and remained almost constant throughout the incubation period.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 43
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 20 (2000), S. 351-368 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The action resonance theory (ART), a hypothesis based on a logical extension of EINSTEIN's theory of Brownian movement, suggests that the genotype × environment interaction can be modelled as forceful encounters of the gene-products of an organism with its environment. This model has implications for molecular and cell biology, morphogenesis, evolutionary development via mutation, the mechanism of natural selection and overall function of ecosystems, extending SCHRÖDINGER's programme for molecular biology. Action, a thermodynamic property with the same physical dimensions as angular momentum and PLANCK's quantum of action, is proposed to be reversibly generated as a result of the molecular exchange of quanta, which become resonant at equilibrium, corresponding to an optimum degree of entropy and action for living systems. Because the theory can potentially predict solutions to unsolved problems such as the folding of proteins it has strong implications for successful genetic modification of organisms and for biotechnology in general; the design of a programme of research to test this theory is proposed. A key element in this research programme, improving productivity and sustainability, would be the need to select genetically modified strains in the ecological environment or niche in which they are required to function.
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  • 44
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. 276-284 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation and Testing of Solid-State Bonded Ceramic-to-Metal-JointsCeramic-to-metal joints were manufactured by solid-state bonding in a R. F.-high-vacuum apparatus. The influence of welding temperature, welding time and welding pressure on the bond strength was investigated for an alumina/niobium-combination consisting of a layered composite ceramic-metal foil-ceramic. As a measure of bond quality the fracture resistance KICV was chosen. KICV date were obtained by the use of 4-point bend tests and tensile tests. For comparison, data are presented concerning the fracture resistance KIC of the bulk alumina and the conventional bond strength of the joints. In addition to the Nb/Al2O3-data, KICV factors are determined for other metal/alumina combinations and for a Zr/Si3N4 joint. The present solid-state bonding apparatus was used for the preparation of the specimens. A device for high-temperature bend testing in a high vacuum was constructed. Some data for the high-temperature bond strength of solid-state bonded joints are given.
    Notes: Keramik-Metall-Verbindungen wurden durch Festkörperschweißen in einer HF-HV-Apparatur hergestellt. Der Einfluß der Herstellungsparameter, Schweißtemperatur, Schweißzeit und Schweißdruck auf die Bindefestigkeit wurde für eine Al2O3/Nb-Materialkombination der Schichtanordnung Keramik-Metallfolie-Keramik untersucht. Als Maß für die Bindequalität wurde der Bruchwiderstand der Verbindung KICV gewählt. KICV wurde im Vierpunkt-Biegeversuch und im Zugversuch ermittelt. Zum Vergleich wurden Bruchwiderstandswerte KIC der Ausgangskeramik und konventionelle Haftfestigkeitskennwerte bestimmt. Außer für Nb/Al2O3-Kombinationen werden für andere, mit der vorhandenen Schweißvorrichtung hergestellten Metall/Al2O3-Kombinationen und für eine Zr/Si3N4-Paarung Bindefestigkeitsdaten angegeben. Eine Vorrichtung zur HV-Hochtemperaturbiegeprüfung wurde gebaut. Einige Daten zur Hochtemperatur-Bindefestigkeit festkörpergeschweißter Verbindungen werden mitgeteilt.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
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  • 45
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 46
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A72 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 47
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A74 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 48
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A76 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 49
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Structural changes and corrosion behaviour of a ferritic-austenitic chromium-nickel-molybdenum steel after short time heat treatments with special consideration of weldingSusceptibility of the ferritic-austenitic steel X 2 CrNiMoN 225 in the solution treated and quenched state to intergranular corrosion and to stress corrosion cracking and pitting corrosion in solutions with chloride ions. Comparison with two austenitic steels (X 5 CrNi 189 and X 3 CrNiMoN 17135). Investigations of the influence of structural changes due to short time isothermal heat treatments and to welding on the mentioned three corrosion types.
    Notes: Verhalten des ferritisch-austenitischen Stahles X 2 CrNiMoN 225 (Werkstoff-Nr. 1.4462) im lösungsgeglühten und abgeschreckten Zustand gegenüber interkristalliner Korrosion (IK) sowie Spannungsrißkorrosion (SpRK) und Lochkorrosion in chloridhaltigen wäßrigen Medien. Vergleich mit den beiden austenitischen Stählen X 5 CrNi 189 (Werkstoff-Nr. 1.4301) und X 3 CrNiMoN 17135 (Werkstoff-Nr. 1.4439). Untersuchungen zum Einfluß der Gefügeänderungen infolge kurzzeitiger isothermer Glühbehandlungen und Schweißungen auf das Verhalten gegenüber den genannten drei Korrosionsarten.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
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  • 50
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. 332-332 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 51
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A80 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 52
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. 349-353 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Einige metallurgische Beobachtungen zur Herstellung von diffusionsgeschweißten Übergängen zwischen Zircaloy 2 und EdelstahlEs wird ein Verfahren zur Verschweißung von Zircaloy 2 mit Edelstahl durch Ko-Extrusion vorgeschlagen. So hergestellte Schweißverbindungen wurden an der Nahtstelle zwischen Zircaloy 2 und Edelstahl metallographisch und im Rasterelektronenmikroskop untersucht. Außerdem wurden eine chemische Analyse sowie mit der Elektronen-Mikrosonde durchgeführt.Die Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchungen zeigt, daß mit diesem Verfahren eine perfekte Verbindung der beiden Materialien durch mechanische und metallurgische Vorgänge erzielt wird, die besser sein sollte als durch Diffusion bei hohen Temperaturen hergestellte Übergänge.
    Notes: A method of welding stainless steel to Zircaloy 2 by co-extrusion is proposed, and joints of these two metals have been made in this manner. Such a bond was examined at the interface between stainless steel and Zircaloy 2 using metallography, electron microprobe analysis, scanning electron microscopy and chemical analysis. It was found that this method of preparation the joints allow for sound connections characterized by the formation of a type of mechanical and metallurgical bond. These joints could be considered better than those obtained by diffusion at high temperatures.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 53
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. 456-466 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The material selection for tribologically stressed specimen and tools has to be done not only from the view point of economics but also of the consumption of scarce materials and energy.Empirical methods are used for this selection to get a reasonable compromise between surface and bulk functions to satisfy stability and rigidity.By applying system- and stress analysis for the estimation of surface and bulk properties some examples of metallurgical, manufacturing, operational and lubricating aspects to improve the tribological behaviour of components are shown.Using the friction energy for a wear prediction model the calculation of lifetime for dry lubricated roller bearings is possible.
    Notes: Eine funktionsgerechte Werkstoffauswahl für tribologisch beanspruchte Werkzeuge und Bauteile ist nicht nur eine Forderung der Wirtschaftlichkeit, sondern gewinnt auch vor dem Hintergrund der Rohstoff- und Energiesicherung eine zunehmende Bedeutung.Die Werkstoffauswahl tribologisch beanspruchter Werkzeuge und Bauteile wird nach wie vor überwiegend nach empirischen Methoden vorgenommen, wobei häufig Kompromißlösungen zwischen der Oberflächenfunktion und der Grundwerkstoff-Funktion zur Erfüllung der Festigkeits- und Steifigkeitsanforderungen eingegangen werden müssen.Ausgehend von einer methodischen Vorgehensweise einer System-und Beanspruchungsanalyse zur Abschätzung der Oberflächen- und Grundwerkstoffbeanspruchung wurden an verschiedenen Beispielen werkstoffkundliche, fertigungstechnische, konstruktive und schmiertechnische Gesichtspunkte zur Verbesserung des tribologischen Verhaltens von Bauteilpaarungen aufgezeigt.Durch Anwendung eines energetischen Verschleißmodells konnten Berechnungsmöglichkeiten zur Lebensdauerbestimmung feststoffgeschmierter Wälzlager angegeben werden.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
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  • 54
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. 1-14 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Results of Creep Tests With Smooth and Notched Specimens of the Steels 20 CrMoV 13 5 and X20 CrMoWV 121Two hydrogen resistant steels, viz. 20 CrMoV 13 5 W.-Nr. 1.7779) and X20 CrMoWV 12 1 (W.-Nr. 1.4935) used for bolts and nuts as well as for pressurized components were tested with respect to their creep resistance. Using smooth and notched specimens creep data for 450°C 500°C and 550°C were established. Steel 20CrMoV 13 5 was investigated in two quenched and tempered states (225…250 HB, 285…310 HB. The tempering treatments of X20 CrMoWV 12 1 (W.-Nr. 1.4935) lead to hardness levels of 215…226 HB resp. 275… 310 HB.Creep tests at 450°C and 500°C resp. at 500°C and 550°C were undertaken with smooth and notched specimens of 20 CrMoV 13 5-resp. X20 CrMoWV 12 1 -steels. At each temperature two resp. three different hardness levels were investigated which were produced by changing the quenching and tempering procedure. The results prove the X20 CrMoWV 12 1-steel to show high ductility in all three Q + T conditions even after long creep tests. This holds true for the 20 CrMoV 13 5-steel in the soft condition and at a test temperature of 450°C only. The creep strength of both steels is about proportional to the ultimate strength of both steels is about proportional to the ultimate strength at room temperature. With regard to the allowable stresses it could be shown that in each case the creep strength for 100.000 hours divided by a safety factor of 1.5 is smaller than the 1% creep limit for the same time.
    Notes: Mit glatten und gekerbten Proben aus den Stählen 20 CrMoV135 und X20 CrMoWV 12 1 wurden Zeitstandversuche bei 450 und 500°C bzw. bei 500 und 550°C durchgeführt Beide Stähle lagen in verschieden harten Ausgangszuständen vor. Die Ergebnisse weisen für den X20 CrMoWV 12 1-Stahl auch nach langen Laufzeiten in allen drei Ausgangszuständen eine hohe Duktilität nach, während dies für den 20 CrMoV 13 5-Stahl nur im weichen Zustand und nur bei 450°C Prüftemperatur gilt. Die Zeitstandfestigkeit ist proportional der Zugfestigkeit des Ausgangszustandes bei Raumtemperatur. In jedem Fall ist der Wert 2/3 der Zeitstandfestigkeit für 100000 h kleiner als der Wert der 1%-Dehngrenze für 100000 h.
    Additional Material: 29 Ill.
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  • 55
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. 14-23 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Model Investigation of the Fibre Reinforcement of Ceramic MaterialsA mechanism for fibre reinforcement of high-modulus brittle materials, in particular ceramics, is investigated both experimentally and theoretically. A simple mathematical formalism representing crack extension in a brittle matrix reinforced by ductile fibres is derived, and characteristic property values, adapted to composite structures, are introduced.Alumina with unidirectional reinforcement by thin 80Ni20Cr wires is used as a model material.The mechanism presented allows to reduce the high sensivity of ceramic materials to cracks. It is necessary for the fibres to bridge matrix cracks under load. For this purpose, the fibres must not be bound too tightly to the matrix, and while a high ductility is certainly of value, it is not a necessity. The efficiency of the mechanism depends on -interface energy and friction at the matrix-fibre interface,-deformation and fracture behavior of the fibre material,-radius of the fibres,-volume fraction of the fibres,-critical stress intensity factor of the matrix,-size of the largest crack.Among these, the fibre radius appears to be the most suitable one for variation with the goal of optimizing material quality.
    Notes: Ein Faserverstärkungsmechanismus für spröde, insbesondere keramische Werkstoffe mit hohem Elastizitätsmodul wird theoretisch und experimentell untersucht.Ein einfache mathematischer Formalismus zur Beschreibung des Rißausbreitungsverhaltens in dementsprechend verstärkten Werkstoffen wird angegeben. Verbundwerkstoffspezifische Kenngrößen werden eingeführt.Als Modellwerkstoff für die experimentellen Untersuchungen dient Aluminiumoxid mit eingelagerten Feindrähten aus 80Ni20Cr.Der beschriebene Mechanismus ermöglicht es, die hohe Rißempfindlichkeit keramischer Werkstoffe herabzusetzen. Die Fasern müssen in der Lage sein, belastete Matrixrisse zu überbrücken. Hierzu dürfen sie nicht zu fest an die Matrix gebunden sein. Duktilität der Fasern ist günstig, aber nicht notwendig. Die Wirksamkeit des Mechanismus hängt ab von -der Grenzflächenergie und -reibung zwischen Fasern und Matrix,-dem Verformungs- und Bruchverhalten der Fasern,-dem Faserradius,-dem Volumenbruchteil der Fasern,-dem kritischen Spannungsintensitätsfaktor der Matrix,-den Abmessungen der größten Risse.Zur Werkstoffoptimierung läßt sich unter diesen Größen am leichtesten der Faseradius variieren.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 57
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A24 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A28 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 59
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A27 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 60
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A26 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 61
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 62
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A29 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 63
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A32 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 64
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A35 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 65
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. 119-123 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Untersuchung der Spannungsrißkorrosionsanfälligkeit einer Legierung MgAlZn61 in wäßriger Lösung von 3,5% NaCl + 2% K2CrO4 bei Raumtemperatur.
    Notes: Effect of specimen orientation, heat treatment and applied potential on the stress corrosion susceptibility of magnesium AZ61 (Mg-6.3% Al-0.5% Zn-0.20% Mn) alloy in an aqueous 3.5% NaCl + 2% K2CrO4 solution at room temperature was investigated. Stress corrosion times to failure were measured at different values of initial stress intensities using single edge (pre) cracked sheet tensile specimens and a modified tensometer. It was observed that while the specimen orientation has a significant effect on the measured values of stress corrosion threshold stress intensity, KIscc, the effect of varying the quench rate during heat treatment was minimal. Polarization measurements both in stressed and unstressed conditions, failed to reveal any significant effect of the applied stress intensity on the anodic polarization behavior of the alloy. However, measurements made under four different potentiostatic conditions showed a considerable increase in stress corrosion times to failure of the alloy. The results, together with fractographic observations of fractured specimen are discussed in terms of the mechanisms of stress corrosion cracking, in magnesium alloys.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 66
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. 185-190 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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  • 67
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. 200-212 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
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  • 68
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. 191-200 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Explosive Welding as a Technique for Cladding of Precious MetalsThe method of explosive welding and the importance of the cladding parameters are described. The “Explosive Weldability Window” is experimentally determined for the material combination AgCu 10/Fe. The behaviour of explosive claddings produced under different conditions during rolling is investigated.Best results are obtained with samples with a wavy interphase, produced under the following cladding parameters: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \begin{array}{*{20}c} {10^ \circ \le \beta \le 18^ \circ} \\ {1400 \le {\rm v}_{\rm K} \le 2600{{\rm m} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\rm m} {\rm s}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\rm s}}} \\ \end{array} $$\end{document}It is shown, that in comparison with conventional methods explosive cladding has advantages both in processing and quality.
    Notes: Die Grundlagen des Explosivschweißens werden geschildert und die Bedeutung der Plattierparameter aufgezeigt. Das „Explosive Weldability Window“ wird für die Werkstoffpaarung AgCu 10/Fe experimentell entwickelt.Das Verhalten der bei unterschiedlichen Bedingungen hergestellten Explosivplattierungen beim Auswalzen wird untersucht. Die besten Ergebnisse werden für Verbindungen mit welliger Verbindungsfläche erzielt, die mit den Plattierparametern \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \begin{array}{*{20}c} {10^ \circ \le \beta \le 18^ \circ} \\ {1400 \le {\rm v}_{\rm K} \le 2600{{\rm m} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\rm m} {\rm s}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\rm s}}} \\ \end{array} $$\end{document} hergestellt werden.Es wird gezeigt, daß gegenüber konventionellen Verfahren das explosive Plattieren verfahrenstechnische und qualitative Vorteile hat.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. 213-220 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Sintered Structural Part - Manufacturing, Properties and its Application for Saving Raw Material and Energy in the Engineering Industry.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. 220-220 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Process Computer as Measuring Instrument at Arc Welding
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A53 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 73
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A56 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 74
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A67 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 75
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. 262-275 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Silizium-TechnologieZuerst wird in Kap. 1 eine kurze historische Übersicht gegeben. Im Folgenden wird gezeigt, daß die „Silizium-Technologie“ vom Schwermaschinenbau bis zu mikroskopischen Arbeitsgängen reicht. In Kap. 2…5 wird dies an der Herstellung des Werkstoffs „Silizium“ demonstriert, in Kap. 6 an der Herstellung von diskreten Bauelementen und integrierten Schaltkreisen. In Kap. 7 werden einige Anwendungen in der Leistungs-Elektronik und in der Nachrichten- und Informations-Technik dargestellt. Abschließende Bemerkungen in Kapitel 8 weisen darauf hin, daß trotz aller Wichtigkeit für die Leistungs-Elektronik die wirklich umwälzenden Folgen der Silizium-Technologie auf ihrer Bedeutung für die Computer-Technik beruhen.
    Notes: At first a short historical survey is given in chapter 1. That “silicon technology” comprises a totality reaching from heavy machinery down to microscopic operations, is demonstrated in the chapters 2…5 (production of the material silicon) and 6 (production of devices and integrated circuits). In chapter 7 some applications of these devices in power electronics and in communications- and information-engineering will be described. Finally chapter 8 demonstrates, that in spite of all relevance to power electronics the really very far reaching consequences of silicon technology depend upon its importance to the computer-technics.
    Additional Material: 23 Ill.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A69 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 77
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 78
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A91 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 79
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. 373-390 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The Influence of Chemical Composition, Structure, and Mechanical Strain on the Hydrogen Embrittlement of Fine-Grained Low-Alloy SteelsOn specimens from fine-grained low-alloy steels StE 51 and StE 36 strain induced hydrogen embrittlement has been studied under increasing, pulsating, and static load conditions in hydrogen sulphide at various strain rates, gas pressures, gas compositions, and surface qualities. Both steels displayed equal sensitivity compared to mild constructional steels, Hydrogen pick-up occurred only during plastic-deformation of the specimens and led mainly to a decrease of the reduction of area and to the formation of side cracks in the necking zone. This type of embrittlement is important for constructions subjected to pulsating load conditions causing plastic deformation in areas with constructional notches.As part of the research and development project “Corrosion and Corrosion Prevention” this investigation was supported by the Federal Ministry of Research and Technology.
    Notes: An den Feinkornbaustählen StE 51 und StE 36 wurden Versuche zur dehnungsinduzierten Wasserstoffversprödung bei zügiger, bei schwellender und bei ruhender Belastung in Wasserstoff und Schwefelwasserstoff unter Variation der Dehngeschwindigkeit, des Gasüberdruckes, der Gasreinheit und der Oberflächengüte durchgeführt. Beide Stähle verhielten sich nicht grundsätzlich empfindlicher als weichere Baustähle. Eine Wasserstoffaufnahme erfolgte nur im Fließbereich und äußerte sich vornehmlich durch eine Abnahme der Brucheinschnürung oder zumindest durch Nebenrisse im Einschnürbereich. Diese Art der Versprödung kann z.B. für Konstruktionen bedeutsam sein, wenn es unter wechselndem Innendruck an Kerbstellen zu Fließvorgängen kommt.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A98 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A85 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A88 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 84
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. 367-372 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Evidence of the Instrumented Fatigue Test for Fatigue Strength of Structural SteelIn the instrumented fatigue test the measurement of the frequency of loading and the power absorption of the resonance endurancetesting machine with electromagnetic energization discovery the rate of damage of the specimen. The energy and the energy gradient per cycle are especially suitable for characterize the fatigue life of the specimen. Rapid methods for evaluation fatigue strength are developed constructive on the results of experiments of fatigue tests in one load stage. The rapid methods are tested with cylindrical specimen (St 52-3) and spot weldings (St 1203). The results of measurement indicate a certain possibility of evaluation fatigue strength.
    Notes: Im instrumentierten Einstufen-Dauerschwingversuch können aus Frequenz- und Leistungsmessungen an einer Vollresonanzprüfmaschine mit elektromagnetischer Erregung Aussagen über den Schädigungsverlauf in der Probe abgeleitet werden. Die Arbeit und der Arbeitsanstieg pro Schwingspiel ermöglichen eine quantitative Differenzierung der Proben im Hinblick auf ihre Gesamtlebensdauer. Aufbauend auf Ergebnissen von Einstufenversuchen wurden aussagekräftige Kurzverfahren zur Dauerfestigkeitsabschätzung entwickelt un an zylindrischen Proben aus St 52-3 und an Widerstandspunktschweißverbindungen erprobt. Die durchgeführten Untersuchungen deuten die Möglichkeit zur zuverlässigen Dauerfestigkeitsabschätzung aus Kurzversuchen an.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A90 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. 417-421 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Description of the time dependent stress-strain-behaviour of viscoelastic materials investigated in basic testsAssuming the existence of a mechanical equation of state calculation procedures are investigated in order to formulate the mechanical behaviour of viscoelastic materials in general and independent on the loading form. A case in point would be the derivation of creep behaviour from constant strain rate tensile tests or vice versa. Based on the ordinary log-log-plot for experimental data found in creep tests (constant stress conditions) and/or tensile tests a mechanical equation of state is developed. The results of the application of this equation to describe the mechanical behaviour under constant strain rate, creep and relaxation conditions in basic tests are compared with time-dependent behaviour of polycarbonat.
    Notes: Unter der Voraussetzung der Existenz einer mechanischen Zustandsgleichung werden Rechenverfahren untersucht, mit denen das in Grundversuchen ermittelte mechanische Verhalten viskoelastischer Werkstoffe unabhängig von der Beanspruchungsart beschrieben werden kann. Als Beispiel kann die Bestimmung des Kriechverhaltens aus Zugversuchen mit konstanter Dehngeschwindigkeit genommen werden. Ausgehend von der üblichen doppellogarithmischen Darstellung der Ergebnisse aus Kriechversuchen mit jeweils konstanter Spannung und/oder Zugversuchen wird eine mechanische Zustandsgleichung aufgestellt. Die Ergebnisse der Anwendung dieser Gleichung zur Beschreibung des Werkstoffverhaltens unter konstanter Dehngeschwindigkeit, Kriech- und Relaxationsbedingungen in Grundversuchen sind mit dem zeitabhängigen Verhalten von Polycarbonat verglichen.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A93 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 88
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A96 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 89
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A99 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 90
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A100 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 91
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Keramische Werkstoffe für Fahrzeuggasturbinen
    Notes: The objectives of the German R+D Program 1974-1980 concerning the application of ceramic components in a vehicular gas turbine are - among others -: -service temperatures of 1350 °C to gain higher efficiency,-a low fuel consumption and more flexibility in type of fuels.The goals can be achieved by introducing new ceramic materials, advanced manufacturing techniques, and new design methods.Gas turbine engineers, mechanical engineers, and ceramic materials scientists from industry and research institutions cooperate very closely to meet these goals.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 92
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A101 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 93
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 94
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A2 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 95
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A4 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 96
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A5 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 97
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A6 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 98
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. 24-29 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Dimensioning of Complicated Steel Machine Parts in the Whole Range of Load Cycle and EnduranceThere is given a concept for the early state of dimensioning machine parts, developed by multiple regression from an extensive collection of data. Starting with static strength, it is possible to evaluate fatigue strength of specimens, also notched or of real machine parts under each kind of stresses including preloads and  -  in a first rough approximation  -  also for mechanical- or heat-treated steel parts in the whole range of load cycle and endurance.
    Notes: Es wird ein Dimensionierungskonzept für die frühe Entwicklungsphase vorgestellt, das über multiple Regression aus einer umfangreichen Datensammlung entwickelt wurde. Ausgehend von statischen Festigkeitswerten erlaubt es die Ermittlung der Zug-Druck-Wechselfestigkeit glatter Proben, der Wechselfestigkeit gekerbter Proben und Bauteile unter allgemeinen Beanspruchungszuständen einschließlich Mittelspannungen sowie in einer ersten Näherung auch des Einflusses der Randschicht-Verfestigung im Bereich der Zeit- und Dauerfestigkeit.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 99
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A12 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A14 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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