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  • 1965-1969  (869)
  • 1920-1924
  • 1969  (869)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (841)
  • Cat  (28)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 264 (1969), S. 406-419 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Intestinal Absorption ; Cardiac Glycosides ; Blood of Portal Vein ; Intestinal Lymph ; Cat ; Intestinale Resorption ; Herzglykoside ; Portalvenenblut ; Darmlymphe ; Katze
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. The cardiac glyoosides digitoxin, ouabain, digoxin and peruvosid labelled with3H were injected into tied intestinal loops of anaesthetized cats in situ. The absorbed glycosides were measured in the blood of the portal vein and in the intestinal lymph. At the same time the3H-activity was measured in the blood of the peripheral circulation, in the bile and in the urine. 2. Calculation of the amount of glycosides totally absorbed from the3H-concentration in the blood of the portal vein and the circulation volume (bubble-flow-meter) gave the following absorption rates as a percentage of the administered dose per hour: digitoxin 56%, digoxin 42%, peruvosid 26% and ouabain 10%. 3. The amount of glycosides passing into the lymph during 1 hour was found to be only 0.006 to 0.02% of the amount offered. In lymph3H-activity cannot be measured earlier than 5 min after the administration of the labelled glycosides. The3H-concentration in the lymph did not equal that measured in the blood of the peripheral circulation until at least 1 hour after the administration and always remained below the3H-concentration of the blood in the portal vein. This proportion remained unchanged even if digitoxin was administered as an emulsion in oil instead of an aqueous solution. From the time course of3H-concentration it might be concluded that the glycosides do not pass directly to the lymph after absorption but indirectly by way of the blood. 4. The amount of glycoside excreted in the bile is for peruvosid 15,5% of the amount absorbed, for ouabain 1,9%, for digoxin 1,4% and for digitoxin 0,8%. The3H-activity excreted in urine is very small and can be disregarded. 5. Chromatographic analyses of the bile revealed, that in the case of digoxin, 4/5 of the amount excreted were unchanged, in the case of digitoxin and ouabain 2/3 and in the case of peruvosid only 1/4. In the lumen of the tied intestinal loops and in the tissue of the small intestine the glycosides were hardly metabolised.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 262 (1969), S. 73-86 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Strophanthidine Derivatives ; Toxicity ; Absorption ; Guinea-Pig ; Cat ; Strophanthidinderivate ; Toxicität ; Resorption ; Meerschweinchen ; Katze
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurde die Wirksamkeit verschiedener Ester und Äther von Helveticosid und Helveticosol bei i.v. und intraduodenaler Zufuhr an Katzen und Meerschweinchen geprüft. 1. Bei i.v. Dauerinfusion waren Helveticosol und seine Derivate bei Meerschweinchen etwa doppelt so wirksam wie die analogen Helveticosidverbindungen. Bei der Katze bestand kein Unterschied. Die Monomethyläther Cymarin und Cymarol waren gleich oder sogar stärker wirksam, alle übrigen Derivate deutlich schwächer als die Ausgangssubstanzen. 2. Die tödlichen Dosen bei intraduodenaler Injektion lagen beim Meerschweinchen für einige Substanzen in gleicher Größenordnung oder niedriger als die Titer bei i.v. Infusion. Diese hohe enterale Wirksamkeit kann bei Helveticosid und seinen Derivaten durch eine Reduktion zu dem wirksameren Helveticosol, bei Estern außerdem durch eine Hydrolyse zu wirksameren Glykosiden vorgetäuscht werden. 3. Bei intraduodenaler Infusion an Katzen waren alle geprüften Ester und Äther wirksamer als Helveticosid und Helveticosol. Die aus dem Verhältnis der toxischen Dosen bei i.v. und intraduodenaler Infusion berechnete enterale Wirksamkeit lag zwischen 20 und 50%. 4. Unterschiede in der Dauer der intraduodenalen Infusion bei Katzen lassen sich berücksichtigen, wenn man von der theoretischen Annahme einer exponentiellen und vollständigen Resorption ausgeht und die Halbwertszeit für die Resorption berechnet. Die minimale Resorptionsgeschwindigkeit lag bei einigen Derivaten in gleicher Größenordnung wie bei Digoxin und Digitoxin. Es wird auf den Unterschied zwischen der auf Grund der pharmakologischen Wirkung bestimmten relativen enteralen Wirksamkeit und der Resorptionsquote hingewiesen. Letztere ist für die Verläßlichkeit der therapeutischen Wirkung eines Glykosids bei oraler Gabe maßgebend.
    Notes: Summary The efficacy of several esters and ethers of Helveticosid and Helveticosol was assayed by intravenous and intraduodenal administration to cats and guinea-pigs. 1. In guinea-pigs, Helveticosol and its derivatives were approximately twice as active on intravenous infusion as the analogous derivatives of Helveticosid; in cats there was no significant difference. The monomethylethers Cymarin and Cymarol were equally or slightly more potent, all other derivatives were weaker than the original compound. 2. In guinea-pigs the lethal doses of some compounds on intraduodenal injection were equal to or even lower than those on intravenous infusion. This may partly be accounted for by a reduction of Helveticosid and its derivatives to the more potent Helveticosol analogues, partly by a hydrolysis of the esters, yielding compounds of higher activity. 3. On intraduodenal infusion in cats, all the investigated esters and ethers were more active than Helveticosid and Helveticosol. The relative enteral activity calculated from the ratio of the toxic doses on intravenous and intraduodenal infusion varied between 20 and 50%. 4. Due to a delayed absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, the toxic dose falls with a reduced speed of intraduodenal infusion. Assuming an exponential and complete absorption, the half time of absorption was calculated. For some of the compounds investigated, the speed of absorption was comparable to that of Digoxin and Digitoxin. The difference between the relative enteral activities determined by comparing equiactive doses on enteral and parenteral administration and the percentages of the glycosides which are absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract is pointed out. The latter is of prime importance for obtaining reproducible effects after enteral administration.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 128 (1969), S. 222-234 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Postnatal development ; Fixation ; Neuroglia ; Corpus callosum ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Gehirne von Tieren aus 4 verschieden alten Würfen junger Katzen wurden teils lebensfrisch durch Perfusion, teils nach 24 Std durch Immersion fixiert und für Vergleichsuntersuchungen in Paraffin eingebettet. Bei Betrachtung der Gliazellen des Corpus callosum ergab sich: 1. Nach Perfusionsfixierung sind die Kerne der Gliazellen groß und elliptisch. Sie sind wasserklar und haben eine scharf gezeichnete Chromatinstruktur. Nach Immersionsfixierung 24 Std p.m. sind die Kerne dagegen klein und rund, homogen dunkel gefärbt und haben ein kaum zu erkennendes Chromatingerüst. 2. Nach Perfusionsfixierung sieht man im Balken der ganz jungen Tiere zahlreiche Mitosen. Sie fehlen bei den durch Immersion fixierten Geschwistertieren desselben Wurfes. 3. Die nach verschiedener Fixierung beobachteten Unterschiede in der Form der Gliazellkerne werden durch Messungen der Quer- und Längsachsen erfaßt.
    Notes: Summary In four litters of young cats, some of the brains were fixed by perfusion and the others by immersion. The material was embedded in paraffin and the neuroglia was investigated in sections through the corpus callosum. It was found that: 1. After fixation by perfusion the nuclei of the glia cells are large and elliptic. The caryoplasm is clear and there is a distinct structure of the chromatin. After fixation by immersion the nuclei of the same cells are small and round. The caryoplasm is dense and the structure of the chromatin is not clearly visible. 2. After fixation by perfusion mitotic figures are present. They are absent in the brains fixed by immersion. 3. Following different fixation, there are differences in the shape of the nuclei of the glial cells. These differences have been investigated in detail by measuring the diameters of the nuclei.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 128 (1969), S. 28-39 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Arterial supply ; Corpus callosum ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An 27 Katzen beiderlei Geschlechts wurde die Blutversorgung des Corpus callosum untersucht. Dabei wurden folgende Befunde erhoben: Der Balken der Katze wird im Bereich des Rostrum und Genu sowie im vorderen und mittleren Truncuabschnitt aus der Arteria cerebri anterior versorgt und zwar über Äste, die den Arteriae pericallosae und den Arteriae genu corporis callosi entstammen. Diese Äste wurden als Arteriae callosi superiores und inferiores bezeichnet. Lediglich im hinteren Truncusabschnitt und im Splenium erfolgt die Versorgung neben Ästen der A. pericall. auch über solche der Arteriae cerebri mediae und posteriores. Die Blutgefäße treten dolchartig in den Balken ein, teilen sich dann baumartig weiter auf und gehen in ein Capillarnetz über, das in Richtung des Nervenfaserverlaufes ausgezogen ist. Auf in der Literatur bereits bekannte, aber oft vernachlässigte Besonderheiten der Arteria carotis interna und des Circulus arteriosus wird hingewiesen.
    Notes: Summary In investigations on 27 cats of both sexes, the arterial supply of the corpus callosum was studied. The findings are as follows: In the region comprising rostrum and genu as well as in the fore and middle trunk sections, blood supplied by branches of the arteriae pericallosae and the arteriae genu corporis callosi which originate from the arteria cerebri anterior. These branches were designated arteriae callosi superiores and inferiores. However, in the posterior section of the trunk and in the splenium the blood is supplied by branches of the aa. pericall. and, in addition, by branches of the arteriae cerebri media and posteriores. The blood vessels penetrate the corpus callosum in bayonet fashion, then arborise and finally become a capillary network which is elongated in the direction of the course of the nerve fibres. Attention is drawn to peculiarities of the arteria carotis interna and the circle of Willis which, although known in the literature, are rarely referred to.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 9 (1969), S. 284-306 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cutaneous receptive fields ; Spinal cord ; Cat ; Pain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Examination of cutaneous receptive fields (RFs) of lamina 5 cells in the lumbar spinal cord of decerebrate cats shows them to have three distinct zones with respect to mechanical and electrical stimulation. The mean response rate to both mechanical and electrical stimulation in zone 1 increases steadily up to the highest strengths used; in zone 2, surrounding zone 1 mainly proximally, mild stimuli reduce the mean rate, stronger stimuli increase it; in zone 3, mainly proximal to zone 2, all stimuli reduce the rate. Temporally, zone 1, electric shocks near threshold produce bursts of firing followed by inhibition. With increased stimulus strength, the bursts lengthen to a second or more. In zones 2 and 3, inhibition at all strengths is preceded at higher strengths by bursts of firing. Cold-blocking the spinal cord at lower thoracic levels reversibly increases the ongoing activity of these cells, increases the area of zones 1 and 2, and almost completely suppresses all inhibition. Stimulation of dorsal columns and threshold stimulation of distant dorsal roots inhibits ongoing and induced activity. Barbiturate decreases ongoing activity and the duration of firing produced by cutaneous electrical stimulation but does not decrease inhibition. These results are consistent with a model in which low-threshold fibres are excitatory only over a small central area of the RF of a lamina 5 cell (zone 1), high threshold fibres are excitatory over a larger area (zones 1 and 2), and low threshold fibres are inhibitory over the entire receptive field (zones 1, 2 and 3) with a slower time-course. This inhibition is tonically enhanced by descending influences in the decerebrate cat. It is suggested that the high and low threshold fibres correspond approximately to the small and large diametre fibres whose balance is the basis for the coding of pain in the theory of melzack and wall.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Lateral cervical nucleus ; Midbrain lesions ; Nauta method ; Ultrastructural investigation ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The lateral cervical nucleus (LCN) has been studied with the light and electron microscope after midbrain lesions in kittens of different ages, and in adult cats. It has been shown that nerve cells remain within the contralateral LCN after hemisection of the midbrain. performed on 1 day old kittens. The estimated number of these remaining cells was 3–19% in the different cases. No fibers descending to the LCN from levels rostral to the midbrain could be demonstrated in adult cats with the Nauta technique. A combined Nauta and electron microscopical investigation was performed on kittens operated on at different ages and allowed to survive varying times postoperatively. At the operations the LCN-axons were transected at midbrain level. The Nauta investigation demonstrated silver impregnation of degenerating LCN-neurons on the affected side of the same type as has been described recently in other neuronal systems following axonal transection. The ultrastructural study revealed electron dense degenerating dendrites and probably also nerve cells within the LCN. The dense degenerative changes were very similar to the dense degeneration in terminal boutons following transection of parent axons. The potential value of the findings for electron microscopical research in neuroanatomy is discussed. The results in terms of connections of the LCN are discussed in the light of known anatomical and physiological data of the LCN.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Muscle spindle ; Gamma motor control ; Mesencephalic reticular formation ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Effects of repetitive stimulation of the mesencephalic reticular formation (MRF) on the static discharge and dynamic sensitivity of muscle spindle primary endings (soleus muscle) were studied in cats anaesthetized with Halothane (Fluothane). By progressive increasing the depth of anaesthesia three different fusimotor effects could be observed: 1. A static effect; the static discharge of the primary endings was strongly increased; the response to phasic stretch was decreased or remained unaltered. 2. A dynamic effect; the dynamic sensitivity of the primary endings was powerfully increased while the rate of discharge under static conditions was only slightly augmented. 3. A depressant effect; the static discharge and the dynamic sensitivity of primary endings were decreased. Repeated stimulation elicited successive static and dynamic effects. No specific regions within the MRF could be related to a particular effect.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Muscle spindle ; Gamma motor control ; Reticular formations ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. During a progressive increase of Fluothane (Halothane) anaesthesia, repetitive stimulation of the mesencephalic retioular formation (MRF) produces several fusimotor effects — static, dynamic or depressant — on primary endings of soleus muscle spindles (Vedel et Mouillac-Baudevin 1969). 2. Transection of the brain immediately rostral to the site of stimulation may increase the dynamic effect but does not alter the static or the depressant effects. 3. A section of the rubrospinal tract does not modify the fusimotor effects elicited by stimulation of the MRF. 4. Transections of the spinal cord have shown that the pathways responsible for the transmission of these effects are mainly situated in the ipsilateral ventral and ventrolateral funiculi which contain the efferent fibers from the pontine reticular formation (PRF), from the bulbar reticular formation (BRF) and from the vestibular nucleus. 5. Contra and ipsilateral PRF stimulation produces the static fusimotor effect; contralateral stimulation from a small anterior region produces the dynamic effect. 6. Stimulation of the lateral part of the ipsilateral BRF elicits the dynamic effect while stimulation of the medial part elicits the static effect.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 7 (1969), S. 32-50 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Lateral cervical nucleus ; Spinal lesions ; Ultrastructural investigation ; Degenerating boutons ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of terminal degeneration within the lateral cervical nucleus (LCN) after transection of its spinal afferent fibers 2 days–2 years earlier is described. The degeneration after 2 days was of both the neurofilamentous and dense type. The highest number of degenerating terminals, about 15%, was found after 4–5 days. Then most of the degenerating boutons were of the dense type. The degenerating terminals had synaptic contact with cell bodies and dendrites of LCN-neurons. Removal of the degenerating boutons seemed to be effected by a phagocytic cell present in increased number compared to the normal LCN. In cases with long survival times an increase in the number of astroglial filaments was observed. In an animal where the spinal afferents to the LCN had been cut 2 years earlier a decrease in medium size of the neurons was observed. The amount of dendritic spines was also considerably smaller than normally.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 7 (1969), S. 68-83 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Medial geniculate body ; Inhibition ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Inhibitory activity in the cat medial geniculate body (MG) was examined by stimulating electrically and acoustically the input and output of the MG. 2. A longer and more profound depression of excitability occurs following a click-evoked potential in the MG than in the inferior colliculus (IC) in both anesthetized and unanesthetized states. Recovery is cyclic in the barbiturate MG preparation. 3. Electrical stimulation of the brachium of the inferior colliculus (BIG) evokes a field potential in the MG consisting of clearly distinguishable presynaptic and postsynaptic components. The presynaptic component recovers rapidly, while the postsynaptic component requires 100–200 msec for full recovery. This depression of excitability is localized within the MG since cortical ablation does not alter its occurrence. 4. Stimulation of the BIC mimics the effects of click stimulation on single units. Excitatory, inhibitory and reverberatory responses are evoked by the BIC shock. Suppression of single unit activity correlates with the depression of excitability following a BIC-evoked field response. 5. Cortical stimulation can evoke antidromic and trans-synaptic unit responses in the MG, as well as causing a variety of inhibitory effects and reverberation. In view of the fact that cortical ablation does not impair the recording of these responses to afferent stimuli, it is suggested that the cortical-evoked responses are at least partly mediated by antidromic conduction to MG. 6. Evidence is presented that inhibitory effects of both afferent and cortical stimulation are due to active inhibition of MG unit activity. Speculations are made as to the mechanisms producing inhibition and reverberation in the MG.
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  • 11
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Pontine nuclei ; Experimental neuroanatomy ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The electron microscopical changes occurring in the pontine nuclei following unilateral lesions of the primary sensorimotor cortex have been studied in 7 cats with a survival time from 2–23 days. A description is also given of the fine structure of the pontine regions in receipt of the fibres. These regions are shown in Fig. 1. The study shows that the boutons are practically only in synaptic contact with dendrites. The bouton density on these is only 16%. The boutons are of the en passage and terminal type, with the latter as the most common (Figs. 4a-e). The synaptic vesicles are rounded or elongated. The formaldehyde fixed material had 17.8% boutons with vesicles of the elongated type; the material fixed with a mixture of formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde had only 11.5% of such boutons. The degenerating boutons show the dark type of reaction and the majority of the corticopontine fibres are of the type shown in Figs. 4d and 4e. Astrocytes and microglial cells participate in the removal of degenerating boutons and terminal fibres. Degenerating boutons are present even at the 23 day stage and some have apparently only started to degenerate.
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 7 (1969), S. 195-213 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Corpus callosum ; EEG synchronization ; Homolateral sensory evoked potentials ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Spontaneous EEG-patterns and evoked potentials (EP's) of symmetrical cortical areas were recorded in chronic and acute cats before and after section of the corpus callosum, the commissura anterior and posterior and the massa intermedia. The spontaneous EEG was recorded without and with anesthesia, EP's after electrical stimulation of the fore-paws only during nembutal anesthesia. — No changes in the bilateral coordination of spontaneous and evoked EEG-patterns could be seen after commissurotomy (CT). The bilateral coherence of EEG-waves as revealed by cross-correlation is low already in the normal cats and does not change significantly after CT. The values of cross-correlation coefficients at T = ± 15 msec vary during one EEG-record between -0.25 and +0.25 in the somatosensory, suprasylvian and temporal areas (mean values slightly above 0). In the visual area occasionally positive values between 0.5 and 0.8 were seen, but also here a large variation was found in all animals and the mean values were below 0.1. No consistent phase shift between both sides was observed. EEG-patterns like spindles or arousal, still occurred together in both hemispheres after CT, the variability of their exact beginning or end was the same as in controls. Spontaneous spindles often lasted longer after section of the massa intermedia. Homolateral EP's in the somato-sensory area were still present after CT. Rhythmical afterdischarges could be restricted to the contralateral somato-sensory cortex even before CT.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 8 (1969), S. 219-231 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cerebral cortex in vitro ; Chloride transport ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The kinetics of the uptake of chloride by slices of cat cerebral cortex incubated in vitro have been studied for a wide range of concentrations of chloride and potassium in the incubation media. 1. In studies with 36Cl at a constant concentration of external K+, the rate of entry of chloride into slices of cat cerebral cortex (after equilibration with the fluid of the extracellular space) followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics with Vmax=7.7 μmoles/g/min and Km=245 mM. The kinetic data so described differ significantly from a curve describing simple diffusion (P 〈 0.02). 2. A clear dependence on concentration of K+ in the incubation medium was demonstrated. When external chloride was held constant at 6.8 mM and concentrations of potassium were varied over a range of 27–100 mM, the apparent rate of entry of chloride followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics with Vmax=0.191 μmoles/ g/min and Km=30.3 mM. 3. Under similar equilibrium conditions, the rate of influx of chloride was not statistically different from the rate of efflux, and the value for extracellular space (355 μl/g) derived by extrapolation from efflux data was of an identical order of magnitude to the value (352 μl/g) obtained from influx data. These values are essentially identical to those previously determined for chloride space of cat cerebral cortex in vivo (Bourke, Greenberg and Tower 1965). 4. The total, membrane-delimited content of chloride in cerebral cortex, as defined in these studies in vitro, was a function of the concentration of K+ in the incubation medium.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 8 (1969), S. 232-248 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cerebral cortex in vitro ; Edema ; Fluid compartmentation ; Chloride transport ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ionic parameters of incubation media which foster both the development and subsequent reduction of swelling of slices of cerebral cortex under isosmotic conditions of incubation in vitro are described. A linear relationship between increasing chloride concentrations in incubation media and progressive swelling of tissue slices (under conditions of constant temperature and K+ concentrations and isotonicity of incubation media) is demonstrated. Subsequent reduction of chloride concentration in incubation media together with reciprocal replacement by isethionate is associated with significant and characteristic reduction in the volume of tissue swelling when all other conditions of incubation, including isotonicity of the media, are kept constant. The ionic composition of the fluid of swelling under different conditions of incubation is derived together with the ionic composition and expected transmembrane potentials of the neuronal compartment of cerebral cortex in vitro. Mechanisms involved in the development and subsequent reduction of swelling of cerebral cortex in vitro are discussed, and proposals for possible clinical applications are suggested.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 7 (1969), S. 143-157 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Reticular formation ; Convergence ; Inhibition ; Cat ; Chloralose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Ein konditionierender corticaler Reiz inhibiert den somatischen Startlereflex bei Katzen unter Chloralosenarkose für eine Dauer von mehr als 200 ms. Die Interaktionen zwischen beiden Reizen laufen in der bulbären und pontinen Formatio reticularis ab. 2. Dem Startlereflex liegt eine polysynaptische Erregungsschleife zugrunde, die die bulbäre und pontine Formatio reticularis durchzieht. Die Resistenz der reticulären Neurone gegenüber repetitiver Stimulation wurde als Kriterium ihrer funktionellen Lokalisation auf dem polysynaptischen Reflexbogen gewertet. 3. Die corticale Inhibition wird im Verlaufe der polysynaptischen Erregungsschleife zunehmend stärker. Neurone, die von den Startlereflexafferenzen direkt erregt werden, werden durch den corticalen Reiz nicht inhibiert. Dies schliebt eine präsynaptische Inhibition der reticulopetalen Fasersysteme aus.
    Notes: Summary 1. The startle reflex evoked by cutaneous stimulation in cats under chloralose anesthesia is inhibited for more than 200 ms by a conditioning cortical volley. The interaction between the cutaneous and the cortical volley takes place in the bulbar and pontine reticular formation. 2. The startle reflex involves a series of reticular neurones. Resistance to repetitive stimulation has been determined to evaluate the functional localization of each neurone within this polysynaptic path. 3. Inhibition following the cortical volley becomes increasingly more effective along the course of the polysynaptic path and is completed within 5–6 ms. Reticular neurones excited directly by the spino-reticular afferents are not inhibited, thus excluding a presynaptic inhibition of the spinoreticular fibres.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 9 (1969), S. 30-52 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Climbing fibers ; Mossy fibers ; Vestibulo-cerebellar input ; Cat ; Frog ; Golgi cell inhibition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Field and unitary potentials evoked in the vestibulo-cerebellum of frog and cat following vestibular nerve stimulation were recorded with microelectrodes and correlated with their site of origin in the various layers of the cerebellar cortex. 2. In the frog, primary vestibular fibers project both as mossy and as climbing fibers onto the cerebellar auricular lobe. Secondary vestibulo-cerebellar fibers seem to end exclusively as mossy fibers in the auriculum. As a consequence of this dual projection, extra- and intracellular recordings from Purkinje cells in the auricular lobe show two kinds of responses to vestibular nerve stimulation: a) graded, repetitive firing mediated through mossy fiber-granule cell-parallel fiber pathways, and b) all-or-none burst responses caused by monosynaptic impingement of vestibular climbing fibers on Purkinje cells. 3. The field and unitary potentials evoked in the cat nodulus, flocculus and uvula following vestibular nerve stimulation are shown to be generated by mossy fibers exclusively. Considerable convergence of the two labyrinthine mossy fiber inputs to a given cerebellar area was found. 4. Interaction of contralateral and ipsilateral mossy fiber input at the level of the flocculus suggests that Golgi cell inhibition might operate not only as a simple inhibitory feedback loop, but also as a complex gating operator at the granule layer. 5. No short latency climbing fiber activation of Purkinje cells was observed following VIIIth nerve stimulation. Stimulation of the contralateral inferior olive evoked short latency climbing fiber EPSPs in Purkinje cells of the vestibulo-cerebellum. Suggestions are made as to the possible role of mossy and climbing fiber inputs to this area of the cerebellum.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 9 (1969), S. 96-115 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Pyramidal tract ; Fusimotor Neurons ; Forelimb ; Extensor ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of cortical stimulation upon dynamic and static sensitivities of the sensory endings in muscle spindles have been analyzed. 63 single afferent fibers from the muscle spindles of the forelimb extensors: M. flexor carpi radialis, M. flexor digitorum communis and M. palmaris longus were isolated in dorsal root filaments in 20 adult cats under chloralose-urethane anesthesia. They were identified by their response to stimulation of the median nerve. 1. Surface anodal repetitive stimulation of the anterior sigmoid gyrus was found to produce an enhancement of static response of single Group II fibers. Effective area was localized in a restricted region which corresponded to the forelimb motor area. The effect was obtained without any concomitant muscle contraction. Similarly, the stimulation increased the resting discharges of the Group Ia fibers from the same muscles. 2. Stimulation of the same area in the cerebral cortex was also found to increase the dynamic sensitivities of primary sensory endings. The increase was revealed by an enhancement of initial burst discharge during relaxation period of a twitch contraction caused by median nerve stimulation. 3. These results indicate that stimulation of the forelimb motor area has a facilitatory effect on both the static and dynamic fusimotor neurons innervating the muscle spindles of the test muscles. 4. The effects were reproduced in pyramidal tract preparations in which the brainstem was cut either at the level of the midbrain except for the cerebral peduncle or at the level of caudal medulla oblongata sparing the pyramid. 5. The threshold for the fusimotor effects was less than 1.3–1.5 times threshold of the pyramidal tract discharge, when the best spot for eliciting the fusimotor response was chosen. These results indicate that the effects of cortical stimulation are mainly mediated by the fast conducting pyramidal tract fibers.
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  • 18
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    Experimental brain research 9 (1969), S. 164-182 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Emotional behaviour ; Hypothalamus ; Electricalstimulation ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. In order to compare the selective value of repetitive cathodal pulses of 8 c.p.s. and of continuous sine-wave alternating currents of 5000 c.p.s. (middle frequency current) when applied to brain tissue, explorations were made in the region of the hypothalamus that had yielded defence and/or flight reactions in earlier experiments. The region was explored by stimulating each point in turn with both current forms. At the same time measurement was made of the impedance of the brain tissue, and the effects produced by altering the time of rise of the middle frequency current on threshold of responses were also studied. The experiments were carried out on unanaesthetized, freely moving cats. 2. Both stimulation types produced affective (“emotional”) responses. The patterns elicited by low frequency cathodal pulse stimulation were often associated with stimulus-bound phasic muscle activity, i.e., flapping of ears, and twitching of whiskers, or, rotation of the head. Such extraneous motor effects were rarely obtained when continuous middle frequency currents were applied, and were tonic in character when present. 3. Mapping of reactive points revealed that the area producing defence or flight following middle frequency stimulation is smaller in size than the field delimited by means of repetitive cathodal pulse stimulation. These results strongly suggest that spread of current can be reduced by using middle frequency current stimulation. This apparently local (and hence highly selective) action is paralleled by a lower impedance of the brain tissue to the rapidly changing polarity of this current. 4. The hissing (and/or growling) associated with the defence pattern showed adaptation to suddenly rising middle frequency currents of 30 secs duration. An increase in threshold of hissing occurred when the time of rise of the current was prolonged. Flight, in contrast, was obtained at the same critical intensity regardless of the time of rise of current. 5. The nature of the stimulatory action of middle frequency current (examined in the peripheral nerve by Wyss) and the advantages presented by this new method of brain stimulation are briefly discussed.
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  • 19
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    Experimental brain research 8 (1969), S. 113-129 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Emotional behaviour ; Hypothalamus ; Electrical stimulation ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Affective behaviour patterns produced by electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus were studied in unanaesthetized, freely-moving cats. Bipolar stimulation with coaxial electrodes and small cathode was used to elicit defence, attack or flight. The development of these responses was studied by varying stimulation strength. In some experiments a stuffed animal was introduced in order to study the reactions of the cat to changes in the environment during stimulation. 2. The following responses were evoked at threshold intensity: (i) growling reaction; (ii) hissing reaction; (iii) two types of flight — type a preceded by hastily looking to and fro as if in search of an exit, type b preceded by inspection of surroundings, in most cases associated with sniffing. 3. Increasing stimulation 1.5 times threshold often yielded combined patterns. At points yielding the growling reaction a defence response in which growls alternated with hisses was obtained. The points yielding flight type a sometimes yielded hissing followed by flight. Increasing stimulation at hissing points yielded either a defence reaction or the combined effect hissing-flight. 4. The growling reactions were obtained from the tuber region. The hissing responses were obtained from points above the tuber. The flight reactions, type a, were produced from the intermediate zone extending from the level of the preoptic area to the mamillary bodies and type b from the caudo-lateral hypothalamus. 5. The reactions of the cats to a dummy during stimulation varied depending on the type of response which had been evoked in the absence of the dummy. The defence reaction was converted into threatening and striking of the dummy, the combined effects into threatening, striking or biting, culminating in sudden flight. The dummy was ignored during stimulation of points yielding flight type a, but examined by sniffing during stimulation of points yielding flight type b.
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  • 20
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Emotional Behaviour ; Hypothalamus ; Electrical stimulation ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. The results presented in the present paper are an extension of preceding work devoted to exploration of the hypothalamic defence and flight fields using coaxial electrodes with small cathode. In 33 cats simultaneous stimulation was applied to two points which upon single stimulation had yielded defence, flight, or defence and flight respectively. Results were compared with those produced at either point alone. In 2 cats combined stimulation of a defence and a flight point was carried out with a stuffed cat present. 2. The latencies and rates of the vocal effects associated with defence (growling and hissing), and the latencies of flight (jump from the table) were measured. 3. Simultaneous stimulation of two points which had yielded defence, or of two points which had yielded flight resulted in facilitation (spatial summation) of the effects evoked: a more complete defence response associated with decrease of the latencies and increase in the rates of the vocal effects; decrease of flight latencies and increase of flight impetuosity. 4. Simultaneous stimulation of a defence point which had yielded growling at lower threshold than hissing, and of a point which had yielded flight resulted in facilitation of hissing. Growling and flight were often suppressed; when they occurred, latencies were lengthened and growling rates were increased somewhat. 5. Stimulation of a defence point with a dummy present produces striking (fending off). Simultaneous stimulation of a flight point resulted in facilitation of both hissing and striking. 6. It is concluded that the complex patterns obtained when defence is combined with flight are the result of facilitatory and inhibitory interaction between the elements of the individual patterns.
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  • 21
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    Experimental brain research 8 (1969), S. 79-96 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Evoked potential thresholds ; Factor analysis ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zur Beschreibung von Korrelationen zwischen zahlreichen elektrophysiologischen Daten aus verschiedenen Hirngebieten wurde eine Faktorenanalyse nach der Hauptachsenmethode gerechnet. Ausgangsmaterial dieser Analyse waren Schwellen subcortical ausgelöster und abgeleiteter Antwortpotentiale auf Einzelreize. Das resultierende Faktorenmuster ermöglicht ein quantitatives Konzept der Schwellendetermination subcorticaler Reizantworten und zugleich ein Modell von Funktionsbeziehungen zwischen einigen Hirnstrukturen. Die Reizungen und Ableitungen erfolgten bei 35 encéphale isolé-Katzen mit Hilfe bipolarer Elektroden in folgenden Arealen: Amygdala, Hippocampus, Septum, N. dorsomedialis Thalami, Hypothalamus posterior und Formatio reticularis mesencephali. Es wurden 435 Korrelationskoeffizienten zwischen den Schwellen von 30 subcorticalen Verbindungen gebildet und zum Zwecke einer Datenreduktion durch eine Matrix von 5 Faktoren reproduziert. 1. Jeder Faktor repräsentierte hohe Schwellenkorrelationen zwischen den efferenten Projektionen jeweils eines Kerngebietes. Demnach nimmt im allgemeinen die Aktivität des Reizortes den größten Einfluß auf die Schwelle eines Antwortpotentials. Diese Hypothese ist durch pharmakologische Untersuchungen belegt worden [27] 2. Kovariationen von Reizantworten mit identischen Ableiteorten ergaben sich ausnahmslos, wenn die Latenzzeiten mehr als 11 msec betrugen. 3. Zusätzlich zeigte die Faktorenmatrix Schwellenkorrelationen zwischen: a) den hypothalamischen Efferenzen und mehreren hippokampalen Afferenzen langer Latenz (positive Korrelationen) b) retikulo-limbischen Verbindungen und „primären” Efferenzen von Amygdala und Hippocampus (positive Korrelationen) c) Antwortpotentialen, die durch Reizung der Formatio reticularis, und solchen, die durch Reizung des N. Amygdalae ausgelöst waren (negative Korrelationen) d) den Efferenzen des N. dorsomedialis Thalami und limbischen Projektionen langer Latenz zur mesencephalen Formatio reticularis (positive Korrelationen) Die Interpretation dieser Zusammenhänge bestätigt und erweitert einige bekannte Modelle von Beziehungen zwischen subcorticalen Kerngebieten. Abschließend wird mit Rücksicht auf die Linearität der mathematischen Methode die Anwendbarkeit der Faktorenanalyse auf Schwellen von Reizantworten diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary In 35 cats (encéphale isolé) evoked responses were elicited and recorded with bipolar electrodes from the amygdala, hippocampus, septum, dorsomedial thalamic nucleus, posterior hypothalamus, and mesencephalic reticular formation. Correlations between the thresholds of responses in different areas following stimulation of other areas were described by a factor analysis according to the principal axis method. 435 coefficients of correlation were calculated and reproduced by a matrix of 5 factors for the purpose of data reduction. Each factor represented high threshold correlations between the efferent projections of one region, which suggests that the activity of the stimulated site exerts a major influence on the evoked potential threshold. This is supported by pharmacological studies [27, 49]. Covariations of responses recorded in the same nucleus were always found, if the latencies exceeded 11 msec. The factor matrix indicated threshold correlations between: the efferent projections of the hypothalamus and several long latency afferent projections to the hippocampus (positive correlations); reticulo-limbic connections and “primary” efferent connections of the amygdala and hippocampus (positive correlations); evoked potentials following reticular and amygdaloid stimulation (negative correlations); the efferent projections of the dorsomedial thalamic nucleus and long latency limbic projections to the mesencephalic reticular formation (positive correlations). The interpretation of these relationships confirms and extends some well known models of relations between subcortical regions. The applicability of factor analysis to evoked potential thresholds is discussed with regard to the linearity of the mathematical method.
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  • 22
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    Psychopharmacology 15 (1969), S. 382-391 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: LSD ; Retina ; LGN ; Single Unit Activity ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of LSD 25 (i. v. injection) on the spontaneous and evoked activity of the visual system was investigated in cats. 50 γ/kg did not change significantly the ERG and the visual cortical evoked potential. The spontaneous discharge rate of 14 out of 21 retinal ganglion cells showed an increase which reached its maximum within 20–30 min and which could still be present 1 hour following the injection. One third of the retinal units showed a slight depression of their spontaneous dischaRge rate with about the same time course. Single units of the LGN showed about the same behaviour. The response to light stimulation was slightly increased in some units and light induced inhibition was slightly shortened. The possible mechanism of the LSD-effect on retinal ganglion cell activity is discussed.
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  • 23
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    Psychopharmacology 14 (1969), S. 164-166 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Benperidolum ; Cat ; Extrapyramidal Side Effect ; EEG ; Toxicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Daily doses of 1–10 mg Benperidol were given perorally to cats during 26 months. The general behaviour and the EEG were unchanged during the treatment, in particular no signs of dyskinesia were observed. After discontinuation of the administration, the behaviour and the EEG of the animals stayed normal. Thus no lasting and irreversible side effects could be observed.
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  • 24
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    Pflügers Archiv 309 (1969), S. 285-309 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Labyrinthine Stimulation ; Types of Abducens Neurones ; Frequency Analysis ; Cat ; Labyrinthreizung ; Abducensneurone ; Frequenzanalyse ; Katze
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Single cell activity was recorded extracellularly from neurones in cat's abducens nuclei in unanesthetized, decerebrate preparations. Two types of neurones were found. i) The motoneurones (type IIA) increased their firing linearly or exponentially to contralateral constant angular accelerations and decreased firing to ipsilateral rotation. The increased frequency was maintained at a constant level without any sign of adaptation. This constant level of maximum frequency was proportional to the logarithm of the acceleration applied. No significant differences of the frequency responses of tonic and silent motoneurones were found. The conduction velocities of the axons of spontaneously firing type IIA cells were slower than in silent neurones. Electrical stimulation of the contralateral VIIIth nerve led to activation of the type IIA cells; stimulation of the ipsilateral nerve resulted in inhibition of both spontaneous discharge and antidromic invasion of the motoneurones. ii) The type IA units increased their firing rate to ipsilateral rotation and ceased to discharge in response to contralateral rotation. They never were excited antidromically by stimulation of the VIth nerve. However, they were excited by stimulation of the ipsilateral VIIIth nerve. Their possible functional role in the vestibulo-ocular system was discussed.
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  • 25
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Cat ; Decerebration ; Afferents to Respiratory Centers ; Medulla Oblongata ; Reticular Formation ; Katze ; Decerebrierung ; Afferenzen zu Atemzentren ; Medulla oblongata ; Formatio reticularis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An 11 intercolliculär decerebrierten Katzen wurde geziegt, daß Kälteblockade eines eng umschriebenen Feldes auf der ventralen Oberfläche der Medulla oblongata, wie früher für anaesthesierte Tiere beschrieben, zu Atemstillstand führt, wenn die kontralaterale Stelle auf der Medulla oblongata, die Sinusnerven und die Vagi ausgeschaltet sind. Zu Atemstillstand kam es auch, wenn statt der Kälteblockade 2% Novocain durch lokale Superfusion bei gleichzeitiger Gegenspülung der Umgebung mit künstlichem Liquor angewandt wurde, oder wenn ein mit 1% Novocain getränkter Tupfer lokal aufgelegt wurde. Außerdem führte Kälteblockade zu Atemstillstand, wenn durch kontinuierliche auch während der Kälteblockade anhaltende elektrische Reizung eines N. femoralis oder hinterer Lumbalwurzeln an decerebrierten Katzen oder des Hypothalamus an einer anaesthesierten Katze Steigerungen der Ventilation ausgelöst worden waren. Elektrische Reizung eines Sinusnerven führte zu Atemsteigerungen. Bei Sinusnervenreizung während eines durch Kälteblockade ausgelösten Atemstillstands kam es zu rhythmischer Atmung. Aus diesen Untersuchungen wird geschlossen, daß mit der Ausschaltung der beschriebenen Felder auf der ventralen Oberfläche der Medulla oblongata am sonst desafferentierten Tier die Gesamtheit der für die zentrale CO2-Empfindlichkeit verantwortlichen Strukturen erfaßt ist, daß nach Ausschaltung der zentralen und der peripheren Chemosensibilität eine unspezifische Aktivierung der Atmungszentren unwirksam ist und daß die Atmungszentren zur Ausbildung einer rhythmischen Atmung von spezifischen Antrieben abhängig sind.
    Notes: Summary It was shown in 11 decerebrated cats, that cooling of a small and well defined area on the ventral surface of the medulla will cause respiratory arrest if the contralateral area of the medulla, the vagi and sinus nerves are eliminated. This confirms earlier observations obtained in anesthetized cats. Apnea was also produced by local superfusion of 2% procain with simultaneous flushing of the immediate surrounding area with mock spinal fluid. Local application of a small sponge soaked with 1% procain had the same effect. Electrical stimulation of femoral nerves or posterior roots which results in hyperventilation on the decerebrated cat failed to show any effect during periods of cold blockade. There was no respiratory response to direct stimulation of the hypothalamus in an anesthetized cat during cooling. Electrical stimulation of one sinus nerve caused an increase of ventilation. Sinus nerve stimulation during apnea induced by cold blockade resulted in rhythmical respiration. It is concluded from these experiments: Blocking of the area under discussion on the ventral surface of the medulla, inhibits all structures responsible for the central CO2-sensitivity in the deafferentiated animal. There was no response to non-specific stimuli of the respiratory center after elimination of central and peripheral chemosensitivity. The respiratory centers apparently depend on specific stimuli to support rhythmical respiration.
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  • 26
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Lateral geniculate body ; Spatial summation ; Off-center-characteristics ; Geniculate transfer ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Die räumliche Summation im receptiven Feldzentrum von Neuronen des Corpus geniculatum laterale (CG-L) wird beschrieben und mit entsprechenden Untersuchungen an retinalen Ganglienzellen verglichen. Neben größerer interneuronaler Variabilität ergeben sich ausgeprägtere Unterschiede der Summationseigenschaften der on-und off-Zentrum-Neurone. Der effektive Summationsbereich von etwa 1/5 der Fläche des RFZ ist in Retina und CGL etwa gleich. 2. Die on-Zentrum-Neurone des CGL zeigen in beiden Adaptationszuständen einen ähnlichen Summationsverlauf wie in der Retina. Das Entladungsnieau ist im CGL jedoch erheblich geringer und nicht durch Unterschiede in der Spontanaktivität zu erklären. 3. Die Mehrzahl der off-Zentrum-Neurone des CGL zeigt bei DA inverse Summationsverläufe wie in der Retina: durchgehende Verminderung der Entladungsrate der off-Antworten bei Vergrößerung der Reizfläche im RFZ. Eine kleine Gruppe zeigt einen parabelförmigen Summationsverlauf mit Entladungszunahme bis zu Reizflächen von 10–30% der Fläche des RFZ und darauffolgender Entladungsminderung. Bei Helladaptation zeigen fast alle off-Zentrum-Neurone diesen Parabelverlauf. Das durchschnittliche Entladungsniveau ist von dem retinaler offZentrum-Neurone nicht signifikant verschieden. 4. Die interneuronale Variabilität der Summationsvorgänge im RFZ von CGLNeuronen ist gegenüber den retinalen Ganglienzellen deutlich größer. Dies gilt insbesondere für die off-Zentrum-Neurone. Das Summationsverhalten von CGLNeuronen läßt sich daher nicht wie in der Retina durch einen Funktionstyp beschreiben. 5. Die Befunde sprechen für eine Transformation des retinalen Eingangs der off-Zentrum-Neurone im CGL, während die on-Zentrum-Neurone außer der bekannten Frequenzuntersetzung keine wesentliche Umformung erkennen lassen.
    Notes: Summary 1. Spatial summation in the receptive field center of neurones of the lateral geniculate body (CGL) is limited by inhibition to a small part of field center. Variations of stimulus size are only effective if the stimulus is smaller than about 1/5 of the area of receptive field center. Thus, the active summating area of the field center in the CGL corresponds to that of the retina. Geniculate neurones, however, show less homogeneous responses and the summation properties of the two neuronal subsystems (on-center-and off-center-cells), show greater differences than in the retina. 2. The form of summation curves for the on-center-neurones of the CGL is similar to those of the retina at both adaptation levels. However, the average responses rates in the CGL are considerably lower. This is not due to differences of spontaneous activity. 3. The summation characteristics of off-responses of off-center-neurones of the CGL are quite different from those in the retina. In dark adaptation the majority of CGL neurones respond with decreasing discharge rates to increasing spot-sizes within the field center. A small number show an initial increase of discharge rates up to stimulus sizes of about 1/10 of the receptive field center before a decrease occurs. This parabolic summation type is typical for most off-center-neurones in light adaptation. The mean discharge levels are the same as those of the retinal offcenter-neurones. 4. The higher interneuronal variability of summation curves especially of the off-center-neurones of the CGL indicates a more complex determination of the discharge properties of CGL neurones. This functional differentiation of single neurones is congruent with the more complex structural and synaptic organisation in CGL. 5. With respect to spatial summation, the results indicate a transformation of the retinal input of the off-center-neurones at the geniculate level, whereas the oncenter-neurones are nearly unchanged.
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  • 27
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    Experimental brain research 8 (1969), S. 37-52 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Retinal Ganglion Cells ; Spatial Summation ; Center Inhibition ; Dynamic Organisation of Receptive Fields ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. An retinalen Ganglienzellen der Katze wurde die räumliche Summation im receptiven Feldzentrum (KFZ) bei Dunkeladaptation und Helladaptation durch mittelpunktzentrierte Lichtreize verschiedener Flächengrößen untersucht. Als Kriterium dienten die Entladungsraten der ersten 200 und 500 msec nach Licht-an oder Licht-aus. Das Summationsverhalten wurde sowohl für Einzelneurone als auch gruppenstatistisch für die beiden Neuronen-Systeme B (on-Zentrum) und D (off-Zentrum) untersucht. 2. Die räumliche Summation ist auf den inneren Bereich des RFZ beschränkt: bei on-Zentrum-Neuronen steigt die Entladungsrate nur bis zu Reizflächen, die etwa 1/5 der Fläche des RFZ belichten, bei off-Zentrum-Neuronen bis zu Reizflachen von ca. 1/10 des RFZ. Bei Variation der Reizfläche zwischen 20 und 100% der Fläche des RFZ bleibt das Entladungsniveau konstant (asymptotischer Verlauf der Summationskurve). 3. Die Begrenzung der räumlichen Summation auf einen kleinen Bereich des RFZ beweist eine bereits im Feldzentrum wirksame Hemmung. Diese Zentrum-Inhibition begrenzt die Erregungssummation im RFZ bei zunehmender Flächengröße des Lichtreizes. 4. On- und off-Zentrum-Neurone unterscheiden sich in beiden Adaptationszuständen in der Höhe des Entladungsniveaus. Die Entladungsraten der on-Zentrum-Neurone nach Licht-an übertreffen um ein Mehrfaches die Entladungsraten der off-Zentrum-Neurone nach Licht-aus. Die Unterschiede sind gruppenstatistisch hoch signifikant. Die interneuronale Variabilität der Entladungsraten ist bei den onZentrum Neuronen erheblich geringer als bei den off-Zentrum-Neuronen. 5. Dunkel -und Helladaptation führt zu signifikantem Unterschied der Entladungsraten: bei Helladaptation liegt die Impulsrate beider Neuronentypen höher als bei Dunkeladaptation und der Summationsbereich ist um 5–10% größer. 6. Für die mathematische Beschreibung der Summationsverläufe ist die Hyperbel besser geeignet als die logarithmische und Potenzfunktion. Logarithmus- und Potenzfunktionen beschreiben den konstanten asymptotischen Teil der Summationskurven ungenügend und eigenen sich nur für den Kurventeil im innersten Summationsbereich. Die Bedeutung der Befunde für eine dynamische Interpretation der visuellen Feldorganisation und mögliche Beziehungen zur lateralen Umfeldhemmung werden diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary 1. Spatial summation of suprathreshold light stimuli within receptive field centers (RFZ) of retinal ganglion cells was investigated during dark and light adaptation in cats. The mean discharge rates for 200 and 500 msec following light on or off were the computed response criteria. The summation effects were analyzed for single neurones and statistically for grouped neuron populations of the two neuronal subsystems B (on-center-neurones) and D (off-center-neurones). 2. Spatial summation is restricted to a small part of the RFZ. On-centerneurones increase their on-discharge rates with increasing spot sizes, only if the stimulus illuminates less than 1/5 of the RFZ. The summating area of the off-centerneurones is smaller (about 1/10 of the RFZ). 3. The limitation of spatial summation to a small part of the RFZ indicates the existance of inhibition within the RFZ. This center-inhibition sets a constant limit for excitation summation in the RFZ. 4. The mean neuronal response rates for the 2 subsystems show significant differences: The on-discharges of the on-center-neurones exceed the off-discharges of the off-center-neurones by a factor of 3–5. These highly significant differences occur at both adaptation levels and are not due to different spontaneous activity. Interneuronal response variability of the off-center-neurones was twice as large as that of the on-center-neurones. 5. Change from dark to light adaptation had only a small but significant influence on summation properties. The poststimulus discharge rates were higher during light adaptation and the summating area was slightly larger (about 5–10%). 6. A comparative curve fitting procedure for three suitable mathematical functions revealed that the hyperbola describes the neuronal summation curves better than a logarithmic or power function. The latter do not fit the constant asymptotic part of the curve. The significance of the results for a dynamic interpretation of the organisation of visual receptive fields is discussed.
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  • 28
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 365 (1969), S. 79-90 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The 1,1-complex of the p-phenylenediamine-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetate ion with cobalt(II) ist more stable than the 1,1-complex of the same ligand with nickel(II). The 1,1-complexe of the p- as well as the m-phenylenediamine-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetate ions with some 3d-metal ions are more stable than is to be anticipated in respect of the basicity of the ligand ions. The degree of the stabilisation depends on the structure of the ligand ions and the number of d-electrons in the metal ion. The bonding conditions in these complex ions are considered as the reasons of this anomalous behaviour.
    Notes: Der 1,1-Komplex des p-Phenylendiamin-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetat-Ions mit Kobalt(II) ist stabiler als derjenige des gleichen Ligandions mit Nickel(II). Sowohl die 1,1-Komplexe der p- als auch die der m-Phenylendiamin-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetationen mit einigen 3d-Metallionen sind stabiler, als nach den Basizitäten der Ligandanionen zu erwarten ist. Durch Vergleiche mit geeigneten Ligandsystemen wird versucht, die Stabilisierung quantitativ zu bestimmen. Als Ursachen des anomalen Verhaltens werden die Bindungsverhältnisse angesehen. Der Grad der Stabilisierung ist abhängig vom Ligand und von der Zahl der d-Elektronen der Metallionen.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 29
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The preparation of cationic carbonyl-ammine-rhenium(+I) complexes[Re(CO)6-n(NH3)n]X (n = 1,2,3; X = Cl, SCN) from Re(CO)5Cl in the ammono system is described. Whereas [Re(CO)6]Cl · HCl in liquid NH3 at 60°C is reduced to HRe(CO)5 under simultaneous formation of CO(NH2)2 and NH4Cl, the reaction of the hexacarbonyl compound at 120°C gives the tricarbonyl complex [Re(CO)3(NH3)3]Cl. An explanation of this result is that both HRe(CO)5 and Re2(CO)10 are oxidised by the ammono acid NH4Cl at 120°C to [Re(CO)3(NH3)3]Cl under elimination of H2.The IR spectra of the new compounds are discussed.
    Notes: Die Darstellung der kationischen Kohlenoxid-ammin-rhenium(+I)-Komplexe der Zusammensetzung [Re(CO)6-n(NH3)n]X (n = 1,2,3; X = Cl, SCN) aus Re(CO)5Cl im Ammono-system unter verschiedenen Reaktionsbedingungen wird beschrieben.Während [Re(CO)6]Cl · HCl in flüssigem NH3 bei 60°C unter gleichzeitiger Bildung von CO(NH2)2 und NH4Cl zu HRe(CO)5 reduziert wird, führt die Umsetzung der Hexacarbonyl-verbindung bei 120°C zum Tricarbonylkomplex [Re(CO)3(NH3)3]Cl.Dieses Ergebnis läßt sich dadurch erklären, daß sowohl HRe(CO)5 als auch Re2(CO)10 durch die Ammonosäure NH4Cl unter Eliminierung von H2 bei 120°C zu [Re(CO)3(NH3)3]Cl oxydiert werden.Die IR-Spektren der neu erhaltenen Verbindungen werden diskutiert.
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 365 (1969), S. 152-156 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Active hydrogen on the surface of solids was determined from the weight increase on exchange by deuterium using a vacuum microbalance. SiO2 and oxidized diamond and SiC were studied.
    Notes: Der aktive Wasserstoff an Festkörperoberflächen wurde mit Hilfe einer Vakuum-Mikrowaage aus der Gewichtsdifferenz beim Austausch gegen Deuterium bestimmt. SiO2 und mit Oberflächenoxiden belegter Diamant und SiC wurden untersucht.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 364 (1969), S. 1-19 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Complexes of some alkylsubstituted pyridine N-oxides of metals of the first transition series were prepared and characterized by means of electronic and infrared spectra. They contain the cations [VO(N-oxide)4]2+, [M(N-oxide)6]n+ (M = CrIII, FeIII MnII, CoII, NiII) and [Cu(N-oxide)4]2+ (square planar).In the case of cobalt(II) and nickel(II) complexes ligand field parameters are evaluated from electronic spectra. Nitrogen-oxygen and metal-oxygen stretching vibrations are assigned.
    Notes: Komplexe einiger alkylsubstituierter Pyridin-N-oxide von Metallen der 1. Übergangsperiode wurden dargestellt und mittels Elektronen- und Infrarotspektren charakterisiert. Sie enthalten die Kationen [VO(N-oxid)4]2+, [M(N-oxide)6]n+ (M = CrIII, FeIII MnII, CoII, NiII) und [Cu(N-oxid)4]2+ (quadratisch eben).Im Falle der Kobalt(II)- und Nickel(II)-Komplexe werden Ligandenfeldparameter aus den Elektronenspektren abgeleitet. Stickstoff - Sauerstoff- und Metall - Sauerstoff-Valenzschwingungen werden zugeordnet.
    Additional Material: 12 Tab.
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 364 (1969), S. 100-106 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On interaction of GaIII chloride and bromide with methanol, ethanol and n-propanol no solvolysis takes place, but  -  as shown by establishing the phase diagrams - 1:1-coordination compounds are formed. These are stable up to 120°C and show a good electrical conductivity in the molten state; their structure has to be discussed to be ionic.
    Notes: Gallium(III)-chlorid- und -bromid werden von Methanol, Äthanol und n-Propanol solvolytisch nicht angegriffen, Systemuntersuchungen durch Aufnahme der Schmelzdiagramme ergaben vielmehr die Bildung von Koordinationsverbindungen im Verhältnis 1:1. Diese sind bis etwa 120°C thermisch stabil und weisen im geschmolzenen Zustand eine gute elektrische Leitfähigkeit auf; Strukturvorstellungen werden damit in Hinblick auf einen ionischen Aufbau diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 364 (1969) 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 364 (1969), S. 192-208 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: If reacted with the chlorides of PdII, PtII, and PtIV, trifluorphosphine behaves as a reducing agent and a ligand. These chlorides react under PF3 pressure to yield quantitatively the tetrakis(trifluorphosphine) complexes of the zerovalent metals, M(PF3)4, which are colourless, extremely volatile liquids (dec. 130° (Pt), -20° (Pd) respectively). Their tetrahedral structure is deduced from their IR spectra as well as from 19F and 31P NMR spectra. These metal(0) complexes give already under mild conditions with phosphorus donors colourless crystalline substitution products M(PF3)4-n(PR3)n (R — C6H5: n = 1 and 2; R — OC6H5: n = 4). Under CO pressure the PF3 groups of these derivatives may be exchanged partially to completely by carbonmonoxide.
    Notes: Gegenüber den Chloriden von Pd(II), Pt(II) und Pt(IV) fungiert Trifluorphosphin als Reduktionsmittel und Komplexligand. PF3-Druckumsetzungen dieser Chloride liefern mit quantitativer Ausbeute die Tetrakis(trifluorphosphin)-Komplexe der nullwertigen Metalle, M(PF3)4; es sind farblose, äußerst flüchtige Flüssigkeiten (Zers.-P. 130° (Pt) bzw. -20° (Pd)). Ihre tetraedrische Struktur wird an Hand der IR-Spektren sowie der 19F- und 31P- Kernresonanzmessungen aufgezeigt. Bereits unter sehr milden Bedingungen bilden diese Elementkomplexe mit Phosphordonatren farblose, kristalline Substitutionsprodukte M(PF3)4-n(PR3)n (R — C6H5: n = 1 und 2; R — OC6H5: n = 4), deren PF3-Gruppen unter CO-Druck teilweise bis völlig durch Kohlenmonoxid ausgetauscht werden können.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 364 (1969), S. 215-224 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The phases ZnkIn2Ok+3 show light absorption in the IR caused by free electrons. Furthermore, the light absorption of the phases Zn3In2O6, Zn4In2O7 and Zn5In2O8 has been investigated after partial isomorphous substitution of Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+ for Zn2+. From this it can be concluded that these cations replace Zn2+ on tetrahedral sites.
    Notes: Die Absorption im IR der Phasen ZnkIn2Ok+3 (I) wird durch freie Elektronen bedingt. Aus der Lichtabsorption der Phasen Zn3In2O6, Zn4In2O7 Zn5In2O8 nach isomorphem Ersatz von Zn2+ durch Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+ ergibt sich, daß diese farbgebenden Kationen Tetraederplätze besetzen.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 365 (1969), S. 55-62 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: By reaction of anhydrous TiCl3, KSCN, and tetrabutylammonium thiocyanate in acetonitrile, crystalline [(n-C4H9)4N]3[Ti(NCS)6] has been prepared.Diffuse reflectance and solution spectra in acetonitrile and also results on the paramagnetic susceptibility from 78 to 308°K are reported. From the μeff data (evaluated according to FIGGIS' method) the spin-orbit coupling constant, the STEVENS electron delocalization parameter and the value of the axial-symmetrical field component are derived. The ligand field has trigonal symmetry. According to X-ray investigations, the space group is Th6-Pa3 and the crystallographic point symmetry of the Ti3+ ions C3 or C3i.
    Notes: Durch Umsetzung von wasserfreiem TiCl3 mit KSCN in Acetonitril bei Gegenwart von Tetrabutylammoniumrhodanid erhält man [(n-;C4H9)4N]3[Ti(NCS)6]. Reflexionsspektrum, Lösungsspektrum in Acetonitril sowie die Resultate von Messungen der paramagnetischen Suszeptibilität von 78-308°K werden mitgeteilt.Aus den nach der FIGGISschen Methode ausgewerteten μeff-Werten für verschiedene Temperaturen werden die Spin-Bahn-Kopplungskonstante, der STEVENSsche Elektronendelokalisierungsparameter sowie die Größe der axialsymmetrischen Feldkomponente abgeleitet. Das Ligandenfeld besitzt trigonale Symmetrie. Röntgenographische Untersuchungen ergeben die Raumgruppe Th6-Pa3, die Ti3+-Ionen besitzen die kristallographische Punktsymmetrie C3 bzw. C31.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 365 (1969), S. 100-112 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Solubility of Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba methoxides and ethoxides in alcohols has been investigated. The phase diagrams of the M(OR)2(s)—ROH(l) systems are of the type found for the Na2SO4—H2O system. Solubility of M(OR)2 · 4 ROH grows with increase in temperature until the triple point is attained, and the solid phase undergoes desolvatation to yield type 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 complexes for the M(OCH3)2 and M(OC2H5)2, respectively. Composition and thermal stability characteristics of M(OR)2 · nROH have been established by tensimetric investigations of the M(OR)2(s)—ROH(g) systems. Ethoxides are isostructural to Mg(OH)2 and Ca(OH)2 (space group P3m1, Z = 1).
    Notes: Es wurde die Löslichkeit der Magnesium- und Erdalkalimethylate und -äthylate in Alkoholen untersucht. Die Existenz der Kristallsolvate M(OR)2 · 4 ROH, die sich bei Temperaturerhöhung peritektisch in die Solvate M(OCH3)2 · CH3OH und die entsprechenden M(OC2H5)2 · 2 C2H5OH umwandeln, wurde bestimmt. M(OR)2 · 4 ROH löst sich endotherm, die 1 : 1 und 1 : 2-Solvate lösen sich exotherm. Die Lösungswärmen der beiden Bodenphasen werden berechnet. Die Zustandsdiagramme der untersuchten Systeme gehören dem Na2SO4—H2O-Typ an.Die Wärmemengen und die freie Energie der Dissoziation der M(OR)2 · 4 ROH zu niederen Solvaten und gasförmigen Alkohol wurde berechnet. Die Mg, Sr und Ba Äthylate sind mit den Methylaten der gleichen Metalle und Mg(OH)2 und Ca(OH)2 isostrukturell; sie kristallisieren im hexagonalen Schichtengitter vom CdJ2-Typ (Raumgruppe P3ml, Z = 1). Der Basisparameter hängt nur von der Natur der Metalle ab, die Höhe der Elementarzelle wird von dem Radikal bestimmt. Beim Mg(OCH3)2 und den genannten Äthylaten wurde eine ungeordnete Schichtenstruktur gefunden, deren Ordnungsgrad vom Mg(OR)2 zum Sr(OR)2 anwächst.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 38
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Whereas on interaction between Mn(NO)3CO and alkali cyanide in liquid ammonia the binuclear anion [(NC)2(ON)2Mn—Mn(NO)2(CN)2]4-, having krypton configuration, is formed, the analogous reaction of MnNO(CO)4 yields both the cyanocarbonylmanganates(+I) [Mn(CO)3(CN)3]2- and [Mn(CO)2(CN)4]3-.The dimeric structure of the novel tetrapotassium-bis(dinitrosyl-dicyanomanganate) with an Mn—Mn bond has been elucidated from its diamagnetism, IR spectrum, the cis-trans conversion of the CN- and NO+ ligands, respectively, and its reduction to diamagnetic [Mn(NO)2(CN)2]3-. - The force constants of the isosteric anions [Mn(NO)2(CN)2]3- and [Fe(NO)2(CN)2]2- are compared.
    Notes: Während bei der Umsetzung von Mn(NO)3CO mit Alkalicyanid in flüssigem Ammoniak das zweikernige, krypton-konfigurierte Anion [(NC)2(ON)2Mn—Mn(NO)2(CN)2]4- gebildet wird, entstehen bei der gleichen Reaktion mit MnNO(CO)4 die beiden Cyanocarbonylmanganate (+I) [Mn(CO)3(CN)3]2- und [Mn(CO)2(CN)4]3- nebeneinander.Der Beweis für die dimere Struktur des neuartigen Tetrakalium-bis(dinitrosyl-dicyanomanganats) mit einer Mn—Mn-Bindung konnte durch den Diamagnetismus, das IR-Spektrum, die cis-trans-Umlagerung der CN--bzw. NO+-Liganden und die Reduktion zum diamagnetischen [Mn(NO)2(CN)2]3--Anion erbracht werden. - Die Kraftkonstanten der beiden isosteren Anionen [Mn(NO)2(CN)2]3- und [Fe(NO)2(CN)2]2- werden miteinander verglichen.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 365 (1969), S. 157-165 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Hexasulfimide, (SO2NH)6, is formed by direct interaction between HN(SO2Cl)2 and SO2(NH2)2 or HN[SO2N(CH3)2]2, and also on thermal decomposing of H2NSO2Cl in vacuo. The free acid (SO2NH)6 contains strongly and weakly acidic imino groups in the ratio 2:1. Its acid hydrolysis yields, as end products, sulfamide, amidosulphuric acid and sulphuric acid.
    Notes: (SO2NH)6 entsteht sowohl bei der direkten Umsetzung von HN(SO2Cl)2 mit SO2(NH2)2 bzw. HN[SO2N(CH3)2]2 als auch durch thermische Zersetzung von H2NSO2Cl im Vakuum. Die freie Säure (SO2NH)6 enthält stark und schwach saure Imidogruppen im Verhältnis 2:1. Ihre Na•-, K•-, NH4-•, Ag•- und Ba••-Salze sind in Wasser schwer löslich. Die saure Hydrolyse liefert als Endprodukte Sulfamid, Amidoschwefelsäure und Schwefelsäure.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 366 (1969), S. 240-248 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The phase composition of MgO/Cr2O3 mixed oxides prepared at various temperatures was investigated by chemical analysis, X-ray, IR-spectroscopic, and ESR measurements. The order of spinel phase increases with increasing temperature of preparation. No intermediate disordered structure was observed.
    Notes: Die Phasenzusammensetzung von MgO/Cr2O3-Mischoxiden, die bei verschiedenen Temperaturen hergestellt worden sind, wird durch chemische Analyse, röntgenographische, IR-spektroskopische und ESR-Messungen ermittelt. Die Ordnung innerhalb der sich bildenden Spinellphase wächst mit zunehmender Herstellungstemperatur. Ungeordnete Übergangsphasen wurden nicht beobachtet.
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  • 41
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 367 (1969), S. 27-33 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Measurements of the electrical conductivity in molten mixtures of different rare earth chlorides and potassium or sodium chloride point out not only the existence of LnCl63- (Ln = Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, Er, Yb) in all these melts, but also the formation of species like Sm2Cl7- or Dy3Cl10- in the lanthanide-sodium chloride systems. In analogy to the rare earths, trivalent uranium form also UCl63- in molten sodium chloride. The specific electrical conductivities of pure molten rare earth chlorides at 800°C and 900°C are reported.
    Notes: Messungen der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit an geschmolzenen Mischungen verschiedener Lanthanidenchloride mit Kalium- oder Natriumchlorid zeigen nicht nur, daß LnCl63- (Ln = Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, Er, Yb) in allen diesen Schmelzen bei Alkalichloridüberschuß gebildet wird, sondern geben auch Hinweise auf die Existenz von Nahordnungszuständen wie Sm2Cl7- oder Dy3Cl10- in den NaCl-haltigen Schmelzen. In Analogie zu den Seltenen Erden bildet auch dreiwertiges Uran in geschmolzenem Natriumchlorid UCl63-. Die spezifischen elektrischen Leitfähigkeiten reiner geschmolzener Lanthanidenchloride bei 800°C und 900°C werden mitgeteilt.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 42
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 367 (1969), S. 44-61 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: (Cl2Si—CCl2)3 (I) forms with an excess of CH3MgCl the products: (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI). (II) gives with CH3MgCl (III), with LiAlH4(CH3)3Si—CH2—Si(CH3)2—C≡C—Si(CH3)3. With 6 moles CH3(I) yields (VII). (VII) forms H3Si—Cl2—Si(CH3)2—C≡C—Si(CH3)3 with LiAlH4.(II), (III), (VI) are formed in the reaction of VII with CH3MgCl. The fission of (I) forming the pentacycle (VII) and the cleavage of (VII) to linear products are explained by β-elimination.
    Notes: (Cl2Si—CCl2)3 (I) bildet mit überschüssigem CH3MgCl die Verbindungen (II) reagiert mit CH3MgBr zu (III), mit LiAlH4zu \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm (CH}_{\rm 3})_3 {\rm Si \hbox{---} CH}_{\rm 2} \hbox{---} {\rm Si(CH}_{\rm 3})_2 \hbox{---} {\rm C} \equiv {\rm C \hbox{---} Si(CH}_{\rm 3})_3 . $$\end{document} Mit 4-6 Mol CH3MgBr entsteht aus (I) das mit LiAlH4 bildet.Aus (VII) entstehen mit CH3MgCl die Verbindungen (II), (III), (VI). Die Aufspaltung von (I) zum Fünfring (VII) und die Spaltung von (VII) zu linearen Verbindungen wird über β-Eliminierungen erklärt.
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  • 43
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 367 (1969), S. 92-101 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The thermal dehydration of TlH2AsO4 proceeds via the intermediate crystalline Tl2H2As2O7. The final product of dehydration of TlH2AsO4 is a metaarsenate being isomorphous with Tl4[P4O12], thus confirming the existence of ring anions (AsO3)44-. Tl4[As4O12] is water soluble and easily hydrolysable (m. P. 395°C). The eight-membered cyclic ring structure of the tetrametaarsenate ion has been also established by quantitative determination of the hydrolytic products of condensed arsenatophosphates having the structure of Tl4[As4O12]. Thallium arsenatophosphates Tl(P, As)O3, with the ratio P: AS 〉 4:1, however, correspond to the structure of (TIPO3)x · H2O built up from highmolecular chain-like anions.
    Notes: Bei thermischer Entwässerung von TlH2AsO4 wird Tl2H2AsO4 wird Tl2H2As2O7 als kristallines Zwischenprodukt gebildet. Das Kondensationsendprodukt des TlH2AsO4 ist ein Thalliummetaarsenat, bei dem auf Grund seiner Isomorphie mit Tl4[P4O12] erstmals die Existenz von tetrameren ringförmigen As4O124--Anionen bewiesen wird. Tl4[As4O12] ist wasserlöslich und sehr leicht hydrolysierbar (Fp. 395°C). Der ringförmige Aufbau seiner Anionen wurde auch durch quantitative Untersuchung der Hydrolyseprodukte der in der Tl4[As4O12]-Struktur kristallisierenden arsenreichen Thalliumarsenatophosphate Tl(P, As)O3 bestätigt. Thalliumarsenatophosphate mit größerem P-Gehalt, als dem Verhältnis 4P: 1 As entspricht, besitzen dagegen die Struktur des (TIPO3)xH2O. Die Zusammensetzung ihrer Hydrolysate weist auf eine lineare Kettenstruktur ihrer hochmolekularen Anionen sowie der Anionen des reinen (TIPO3)x · H2O hin.
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  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 368 (1969), S. 73-86 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Three samples of anatase and one of rutile were studied. The surface of TiO2 is amphoteric in character. For pure anatase surfaces, the isoelectric point was found near pH 6.4; it is influenced by adsorbed impurities. Nearly half of the surface OH groups which were determined by deuterium exchange react fairly strongly acidic corresponding to a pKa of ca. 2.9. They are almost quantitatively neutralized by 5 · 10-3 M alkali or alkaline earth hydroxides; NH3 and methyl amines are chemisorbed by them as ammonium ions. Approximately the same quantity of Na+, Ca2+ or Ba2+ ions again is adsorbed from solutions of their hydroxides at higher concentrations. This is caused by weakly acidic functions the pK value of which is 12.7. The reaction of alkaline earth hydroxides with the acidic surface groups is equimolar. A quantity of Al3+ ions equimolar to the total OH population is adsorbed from basic aluminium chloride solutions.
    Notes: Drei Anatas-Präparate und ein Rutil wurden untersucht. Die TiO2-Oberfläche reagiert amphoter. Der isoelektrische Punkt der reinen Anatas-Oberfläche liegt bei pH 6,4; er wird durch adsorbierte Verunreinigungen beeinflußt. Etwa die Hälfte der durch Deuteriumaustausch nachgewiesenen OH-Gruppen ist relativ stark sauer, entsprechend einem pKs-Wert von etwa 2,9. Diese OH-Gruppen werden durch 5 · 10-3m Alkali- oder Erdalkalihydroxide nahezu vollständig neutralisiert, NH3 und Methylamine werden von ihnen als Ammoniumionen chemisorbiert. Noch einmal die gleiche Menge Na+ Ca2+ oder Ba2+-Ionen wird bei höheren Konzentrationen aus ihren Hydroxiden gebunden. Der pK-Wert der schwächer sauren Oberflächengruppen liegt bei 12,7. Erdalkalihydroxide reagieren mit den sauren Gruppen äquimolar. Aus basischen Aluminiumchloridlösungen wird die dem gesamten OH-Gehalt äquimolare Menge Al3+ absorbiert.
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  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 367 (1969), S. 293-302 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: For a general investigation on the Si—N bond N-substituted (silyl)-pyrrole derivatives have been prepared by means of already known, and new, methods. The dipole moments of these compounds were determined and their UV spectra recorded. From these data it is concluded that the Si—N bond has partial double bond, dπ-pπ, character. The lone electron pair on the nitrogen is however, displaced towards the silicon only to a small extent, owing to the stronger electron attracting effect of the pyrrole ring. These conclusions are by quantumchemical estimations.
    Notes: Für Untersuchungen über die Si—N-Bindung wurden N-substituierte Pyrrolderivate teilweise nach bekannten, z. T. nach neuen Methoden hergestellt. Es wurden Dipolmomente dieser Verbindungen nach HEDESTRAND ermittelt sowie ihre UV-Spektren aufgenommen.Dabei ergab sich, daß die Si—N-Bindung den Charakter einer partiellen Doppelbindung besitzt. Das einsame Elektronenpaar am Stickstoff ist aber nur geringfügig in Richtung der d-Bahn des Siliciumatoms verschoben; es tritt nur eine schwache dπ-pπ-Bindung auf, woraus folgt, daß der Pyrrolring wesentlich stärker elektronenanziehend wirkt als das Siliciumatom. Diese Folgerungen werden durch quantenchemische Berechnungen gestützt.
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  • 46
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 368 (1969) 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 47
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 368 (1969), S. 10-17 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: ESR studies on TiO2—V2O5 mixed oxide catalysts show that vanadium is incorporated into the rutile lattice as V4+ ion and also occurs as VO2+ ion on the surface. The concentration of the surface VO2+ ions is a function of the V2O5 content per surface unit.
    Notes: Untersuchungen an TiO2—V2O5-Mischoxidkatalytoren zeigen, daß Vanadium in Form von Vanadiumionen V4+ in das Rutilgitter eingebaut wird und sich außerdem als VO2+-Ion an der Oberfläche befindet. Die Konzentration der Oberflächenvanadylionen ist eine Funktion der auf die Oberfläche bezogenen V2O5-Konzentration.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 48
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 368 (1969), S. 25-30 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The successive formation of 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 chelates from iron(III)ions and polyphenols, found by SOMMER and SCHWARZENBACH, has been also observed for further polyphenol derivatives by establishing the formation versus pH curves by spectrophotometric methods. In some cases the formation of higher chelates is hindered by concurrent hydrolysis reactions. The 1:1 chelates of the investigated pyrocatechol and pyrogallol derivatives decompose unter redox reactions.All the hydroxy and carboxy groups acting as coordinating groups release their protons on chelate formation.
    Notes: Durch photometrische Aufnahme von pH-Bildungskurven wird die von SOMMER und SCHWARZENBACH gefundene stufenweise Chelatbildung (1:1, 1:2, 1:3) zwischen Eisen(III)-Ionen und Polyphenolen für weitere Derivate bestätigt. In einigen Fällen verhindern Hydrolysekonkurrenzreaktionen die Bildung höherer Chelate. Die 1:1-Chelate der Brenzcatechin- und Pyrogallolderivate zersetzen sich durch einen Redoxvorgang.Durch logarithmische Analyse der pH-Kurven wird die Protonenabspaltung aller an der Chelatbildung beteiligten Hydroxyl- und Carboxylgruppen bewiesen.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 49
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 368 (1969), S. 53-61 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Suitable single crystals of Sr(OH)2 may be obtained from solutions of Sr(OH)2 in highly concentrated aqueous hot sodium hydroxide by slow cooling. The crystal structure of Sr(OH)2, which was determined by usual X-ray diffraction methods leaving out the hydrogen atoms, represents a new structure type. Each Sr2+ ion is surrounded by seven OH- ions (average distance 2.60 Å). The resulting coordination polyhedra of idealized symmetry mm2 are linked together via common edges in all three dimensions. The geometrical arrangement of the polyhedra shows a remarkable relation to the known crystal structure of YOOH.
    Notes: Aus Lösungen von Sr(OH)2 in hochkonzentrierter heißer Natronlauge lassen sich bei langsamer Abkühlung Sr(OH)2-Einkristalle geeigneter Größe erhalten. Die Kristallstruktur von Sr(OH)2, die bis auf die Wasserstoffatome nach den üblichen Röntgenbeugungsmethoden bestimmt wurde, stellt einen neuen Strukturtyp dar. Jedes Sr2+-Ion ist von sieben OH--Ionen umgeben (mittlerer Abstand 2,60 Å). Die zugehörigen Koordinationspolyeder mit der idealisierten Symmetrie mm2 sind über gemeinsame Kanten in allen drei Raumrichtungen vernetzt. Die geometrische Anordnung der Polyeder weist eine bemerkenswerte Beziehung zur bekannten Kristallstruktur von YOOH auf.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 368 (1969), S. 196-201 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The preparation and some properties of bis-(trimethylsilyl)-selenite are described. From the compounds bis-(trimethylsilyl)-selenite and -selenate the RAMAN-and infrared spectra are given, assigned and discussed in connection with the vibrational spectra of the alkylesters of selenious and selenic acid.
    Notes: Die Darstellung und einige Eigenschaften des Bis-(trimethylsilyl)-selenits werden beschrieben. Vom Bis-(trimethylsilyl)-selenit und-selenat werden die RAMAN-und IR-Spektren mitgeteilt, zugeordnet und in Verbindung mit den Spektren der Alkylester der selenigen Säure und Selensäure diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 51
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: By mech ano-chemical reduction of α-Fe2O3 in H2 atmosphere magnetite is produced. It was reactivated batchwise in a vibration mill. These Fe3O4 samples were tested as catalysts for CO conversion and their solid state properties analysed by means of several methods. The computed correlation coefficients allow to explain the catalytic activity on the basis of the physical condition of the solid.
    Notes: Durch mechanochemische Reduktion von α-Fe2O3 in H2-Atmosphäre wird Magnetit hergestellt, der chargenweise in einer Schwingmühle nachaktiviert wird. Diese Fe3O4-Proben werden als Kontakte für die CO-Konvertierung getestet und ihre Festkörpereigenschaften mit verschiedenen Methoden untersucht. Die errechneten Korrelationskoeffizienten gestatten, die katalytische Aktivität mit dem physikalischen Zustand des Festkörpers zu erklären.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 52
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 368 (1969), S. 221-224 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wird die Extraktion von NpIV aus wäßriger Nitratlösung durch einige Monoalkohole, Äther und Ketone untersucht und diskutiert.
    Notes: Extraction of Np(IV) from aqueous nitrate medium with some mono-alcohols, ethers and ketones has been investigated. Similarities and qualitative features of the extraction process are discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 53
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 368 (1969), S. 211-220 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wurde der Einfluß der thermischen Vorbehandlung (500-900°C) auf die Reaktivität von Eisen(III)-oxidproben untersucht. Die Bildung von CdFe2O4 aus CdO und Fe2O3 nimmt bei einer Vorbehandlungs(sinter)temperatur von 550-680°C schwach zu und oberhalb von 700°C stark ab; wird die Reaktion bei der jeweiligen vorherigen Sintertemperatur durchgeführt, dann wird im Bereich 550-750°C die höchste Reaktivität bei etwa 700°C beobachtet. Ähnliche Unterschiede in der Reaktivität des Fe2O3 wurden bei der Löslichkeit in HCl und der katalytischen Zersetzung von H2O2 gefunden. Messungen der Dichte und elektrischen Leitfähigkeit des Fe2O3 weisen daraufhin, daß seine hohe Reaktivität bei 675-700°C mit einer starken Zunahme von Eisenleerstellen zusammenhängt.
    Notes: The effect of thermal pre-treatment of iron(III) oxides on thier reactivity has been studied together with the studies of some of their physical properties.Cadmium ferrite formation slightly increased when the iron(III) oxide was sintered between 550 and 680°C and markedly decreased above 700°C. The effect of thermal pretreatment appeared more pronouncedly when reactions were carried out at the temperature of the sintering. Between 550 and 750°C the highest conversion was found when iron(III) oxide was sintered and brought into reaction at about 700°C. The reactivity of iron(III) oxide was investigated also in other reactions: solubility in HCl and catalytic decomposition of H2O2.On the basis of density and electric conductivity data the high reactivity of Fe2O3 exhibited between 675 and 700°C was interpreted by the great increase of iron vacancies.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 54
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 368 (1969), S. 243-247 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: From CH3(CHCl2)SiF2 and aqueous NH4F, at normal conditions, a di-organo-tetrafluorosilicate, (NH4)2[CH3(CHCl2)SiF4], has been prepared.
    Notes: Infolge der Negativierung der Alkylgruppe durch Einführen von Halogen konnte aus difunktionellem Methyl(dichlormethyl)-difluorsilan ohne Druck in Wasser ein Di-organotetra-fluorosilicat, (NH4)2[CH3(CHCl2)SiF4], dargestellt werden, dessen Eigenschaften untersucht wurden.
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  • 55
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 368 (1969), S. 254-261 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Interaction of bromotriphenylphosphonium bromide with hexamethyldisilazane in acetonitrile yields the phosphonium salt [(C6H5)3PNHSi(CH3)3]Br. Its pyrolysis or deprotonation leads to N-trimethylsilyl-triphenylphosphazene which on reaction with (C6H5)2PCl gives [P(C6H5)2]Cl. The reversible transformation of this heptaphenyl-triphosphorous nitride chloride to (C6H5)2PCl and (C6H5)3P=N—P(C6H5)2 is described as well as its reaction with sulfur to (C6H5)3P=N—P(S)(C6H5)2.
    Notes: Die Silazanspaltung von[(CH3)3Si]2NH durch (C6H5)3PBr2 liefert [(C6H5)3PNHSi(CH3)3]Br, dessen Thermolyse oder Deprotonierung zu (C6H5)3P=N—Si(CH3)3 führt. Die Reaktion des Silylphosphazens mit Diphenylphosphorchlorid ergibt [P(C6H5)2]Cl, aus dem pyrolytisch N-Diphenylphosphino-triphenylphosphazen entsteht.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 56
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Orthophosphoric acid hemihydrate, 2H3PO4 · H2O, forms monoclinic crystals with space group P21/c and four formula units in the unit cell (a = 7,387, b = 12.915, c = 7,850 Å; β = 109.8°). the crystal structure has been determined using three-dimensional photographic X-ray intensity data. The final R-factor for 832 observed independent reflections is 8.4%. The hydrogen atoms could not be located independently. Nevertheless it is possible to decide between an oxonium salt, H3O+H2PO4- · H3PO4, and a true acid hydrate, 2H3PO4 · H2O, from the observed pattern of P—O bond lenghts and O—P—O bond angles, which favours the second possibility.
    Notes: Orthophosphorsäure-hemihydrat, 2H3PO4 · H2O, kristallisiert monoklin in der Raumgruppe P 21/c mit vier Formeleinheiten in der Elementarzelle (a = 7,387, b = 12,915, c = 7,850 Å; β = 109,8°). Die Kristallstruktur wurde mit dreidimensionalen photographischen Röntgen-Intensitätendaten bestimmt. Der abschließende R-Faktor für 832 beobachtete unabhängige Reflexe beträgt 8,4%. Die Wasserstoffatome konnten nicht voraussetzungsfrei lokalisiert werden. Die Entscheidung zwischen einem Oxoniumsalz, H3PO+H2PO4- · H3PO4, und einem echten Säurehydrat, 2H3PO4 · H2, kann dennoch getroffen werden, und zwar auf Grund der beobachteten Abstufung der P—O-Bindungslängen und O—P—O-Bindungswinkel, die für die zweite Möglichkeit spricht.
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  • 57
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 368 (1969), S. 262-270 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The crystal structure of LiMnO2 has been elucidated by powder work. The space group is C2v1-Pm2m with Li in 1(a), y = 1/2; Li in 1(d) y = 3/4, Mn in 1(a), y = 0; Mn in 1(d), y = 1/4; O in 1(b), y = 0.04; O in 1(b), y = 0.46; O in 1(c), y = 0.21; O in 1(c), y = 0.79.MADELUNG Parts of Lattice Energy are calculated and discussed in detail for the “observed” structure and other related models.
    Notes: Aus Pulverdaten wird die Kristallstruktur von LiMnO2 abgeleitet. Danach liegt die Raumgruppe C2v1-Pm2m vor mit Li in 1(a), y = 1/2; Li in 1(d), y = 3/4; Mn in 1(a), y = 0; Mn in 1(d), y = 1/4; O in 1(b), y = 0,04; O in 1(b), y = 0,46; O in 1(c), y = 0,21; O in 1(c), y = 0,79.MADELUNG-Anteile der Gitterenergie werden hierfür und für verschiedene andere Strukturmodelle berechnet und eingehend diskutiert.
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  • 58
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 367 (1969), S. 281-288 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The system ZnO—B2O3 has been investigated by means of crystal chemical methods in the region of the ZnO-rich phase. From the melt near 1100°C the ZnO-richest phase 3ZnO · B2O3 crystallises. Powder diagrams and optical constants are identical with those in the previous literature, although often the ZnO-richest phase was described as 3ZnO · B2O3. From x-ray data follows the space group Ic or I2/c. The lattice parameters are: a0 = 23.52, b0 = 5.08, c0 = 8.44 Å; β = 97° 44′.
    Notes: Das System ZnO—B2O3 ist im Bereich der ZnO-reichen Phase kristallchemisch untersucht worden. Aus der Schmelze bei ∼1100°C kristallisiert als ZnO-reichste Phase das 3 ZnO · B2O3. Pulverdiagramme und optische Konstanten ergeben Übereinstimmung mit Literaturangaben, obwohl diese z. T. als 3 ZnO · B2O3 ausgewiesen werden. Aus Röntgeneinkristalluntersuchungen wurde die Raumgruppe Ic oder I2/c ermittelt. Die Gitterkonstanten sind: a0 = 23,52 Å, b0 = 5,08 Å, c0 = 8,44 Å, β = 97° 44′.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 59
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 367 (1969), S. 303-312 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wurde die Verteilung von ZrIV zwischen wäßrigen salpetersauren Lösungen und Lösungen von Tri-n-butylphosphat (TBP) und von Bis-(2-äthylhexyl)-phosphorsäure (DEHPA) in Petroleum (Kerosin) unter verschiedenen Bedingungen untersucht. Bei DEHPA wurde besonders der Einfluß des organischen Lösungsmittels studiert, bei TBP wurde die organische Phase durch hochauflösende 1H-Kerneresonanz untersucht. Der Extraktionsmechanismus wird diskutiert.
    Notes: The partition of zirconium(IV) between nitric acid solutions and solutions of tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) and of di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phosphoric acid (DEHPA) in kerosene has been investigated at different conditions. The effect of organic solvent in the extraction by DEHPA has been examined. A high resoluion 1H—NMR spectral study has been made of the organic phases from the extraction by TBP. The mechanism of the extractions is discussed in the light of the results obtained.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 60
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 368 (1969), S. 1-9 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: X-ray, ESR and magnetical investigations show that Cr3+ ions are incorporated into the TiO2 lattice at low Cr2O3 contents of Cr2O3—TiO2 oxide mixtures. At higher contents, compound and cluster formation occur. There is a partial oxidation of Cr3+, depending on the specific surface of the specimens.
    Notes: Röntgenographische, ESR- und magnetische Untersuchungen zeigen, daß bei geringen Cr2O3-Beimischungen Cr3+-Ionen in das TiO2-Gitter eingebaut werden. Bei höheren Konzentrationen tritt Verbindungs- und Clusterbildung auf. Die Oxydation der Cr3+-Ionen ist eine Funktion der Oberflächengröße.
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  • 61
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The new isotypic compounds (PyH)2[Nb6Cl12]Cl6, (PyH)2[Nb6Br12]Cl6, (PyH)2[Ta6Cl12]Cl6, and (PyH)2[Ta6Br12]Cl6 containing the [Me6X12]4+ cluster have been prepared and characterized by analysis, GUINIER-diagrams, magnetic behaviour, IR and UV absorption spectra, and solution behaviour.Some information on (PyH)2[Ta6Cl12]Br6 is given.(PyH)2[Ta6Cl12]Cl6 and (PyH)2[Ta6Cl12]Br6 are obviously identical with „(C5H5N)H3Ta3Cl9“ and “(C5H5N)H3[Ta3Cl6Br3]” earlier described by LINDNER und FEIT.
    Notes: Die neuen, isotypen Pyridiniumsalze (PyH)2[Nb6Cl12]Cl6, (PyH)2[Nb6Br12]Cl6, (PyH)2[Ta6Cl12]Cl6 und (PyH)2[Ta6Br12]Cl6 mit der [Me6X12]4+-Gruppe wurden dargestellt und durch Analysen, GUINIER-Diagramme, magnetisches Verhalten, Absorptionsspektren vom IR- bis UV-Bereich und durch ihr Lösungsverhalten charakterisiert.Für (PyH)2[Ta6Cl12]Br6 werden ebenfalls Angaben gemacht.(PyH)2[Ta6Cl12]Cl6 und (PyH)2[Ta6Cl12]Br6 sind offenbar mit den früher von LINDNER und FEIT als „(C5H5N)H3Ta3Cl9“ und „(C5H5N)H3[Ta3Cl6Br3]“ beschriebenen Verbindungen identisch.
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  • 62
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 369 (1969), S. 238-248 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: IR-spectra of LiCH3, Be(CH3)2, Mg(CH3)2, Li2CH2 and MgCH2 were taken and assigned. Proton magnetic resonance spectra of LiCH3, Be(CH3)2 are reported. The interpretation of both types of spectra leads to the coclusion, that with decreasing electronegativity the metal-methyl bond becomes more polar. Correspondingly, the C—H bond acquires increasing p character, which is dominating in the methylene compounds.
    Notes: Es wurden die IR-Spektren von LiCH3, Be(CH3)2, Li2CH2 und MgCH2 aufgenommen und zugeordnet. Weiterhin werden die Protonen-Resonanz-Spektren von LiCH3, Be(CH3)2 und Mg(CH3)2 mitgeteilt. Aus beiden Spektren wird abgeleitet, daß mit abnehmender Elektronegativität des Elementes die Bindung zur Methylgruppe immer polarer wird. Damit bekommt die CH-Bindung zunehmenden p-Charakter. Dies trifft weitgehend für die beiden Methylenverbindungen zu.
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  • 63
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 370 (1969) 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 64
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 370 (1969), S. 31-39 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Ethane-1.1-di-arsine oxide, CH3CH(AsO)2 has been prepared by two methods: Decarboxylation of propionic acid in the presence of KAsO2 yields the oxide in an one-step reaction; also, the oxide is abtained by stepwise dephenylation of CH3CH(AsPh2)2 (first by means of sodium, then HBr) and following hydrolysis of the formed ethane-1.1-bisdibromoarsine. An intermediate product is ethane-1.1-phenyl-bromoarsine, the solvolysis products of which, formed with H2O and H2S, are described.
    Notes: Äthan-1.1-di-arsenoxid, CH3CH(AsO)2, wird auf zwei Wegen dargestellt. Durch Decarboxylierung von Propionsäure in Gegenwart von KAsO2 erhält man das Oxid in einem Reaktionsschritt. Ein anderer Weg führt über die stufenweise Abspaltung der Phenylgruppen des 1.1-Bis-diphenylarsino-äthans, CH3CH(AsPh2)2, zuerst mit Natrium, dann mit Bromwasserstoff und anschleißender Hydrolyse des Äthan-1.1-bis-dibromarsins. Solvolyseprodukte des bei der Spaltung als Zwischenstufe erhaltenen Äthan-1.1-bisphenyl-bromarsins mit H2O und H2S werden beschrieben.
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  • 65
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 368 (1969), S. 93-105 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: From sulphato-phosphate glasses with low average (phosphate-) chain length (n̄P 〈 2), a crystalline sulphatophosphate K4P2S2O13 was obtained by fractionating precipitation. Some properties of this bis-sulphato-diphosphate are communicated.
    Notes: Aus Sulfatophosphatgläsern mit kleiner mittlerer Kettenlänge wird durch mehrfache fraktionierte Fällung schließlich reines kristallisiertes Kalium-di-sulfato-diphosphat K4P2S2O13 erhalten. Einige Eigenschaften werden angegeben.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 66
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    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 368 (1969), S. 113-119 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Mass spectra of positive and negative molecule ions from organo-triptych-siloxazolidines (silatranes) support the assumption that in the silatranes a coordinative covalent bond exists between nitrogen and silicon, the latter being thus pentacovalent. From such alkyl and aryl compounds silver alkyls and aryls, respectively, may be prepared which, however, quickly decompose under formation of elemental silver. The alkoxy compounds, on the other hand, yield with AgNO3 silver oxide as a primary product. Starting from silatranes, however, it is possible to obtain stable organo-Hg, -Sb, -Bi, and -Pb compounds.
    Notes: Molekelmassenspektren positiver sowie negativer Ionen stützen die Annahme, daß bei Organotriptych-siloxazolidinen (Silatranen) zwischen dem Stickstoff und dem dadurch pentacovalenten Silicium eine koordinativ-covalente Bindung besteht. Mit den Alkyl- und Arylverbindungen können Silber-Alkyle und-Aryle dargestellt werden, die aber rasch unter Abscheidung von elementarem Silber zerfallen. Die Alkoxyverbindungen ergeben mit Silbernitrat dagegen zunächst Silberoxid. Mit Hilfe der Organo-triptychsiloxazolidine lassen sich aber beständige Organoquecksilber-, -antimon-, -wismut-und -bleiverbindungen darstellen.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 67
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    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 368 (1969), S. 127-132 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The dithiocarbamates M[SC(S)(NH2)] with M = K, Rb, Cs, [Φ4As] were prepared and investigated by chemical, X-Ray, and IR methods. The alkali dithiocarbamates crystallize monoclinic, and are isostructural with the high temperature modification (β) of NH4[SC(S). (NH2)] (data see „Inhaltsübersicht“). For these compounds the „Strukturchemische Volumenregel“ is valid. The IR spectra of the dithiocarbamates are discussed.
    Notes: Die Dithiocarbamate M[SC(S)(NH2] mit M = K, Rb, Cs, [Φ4As] wurden hergestellt und mit Hilfe chemischer, röntgenographischer und IR-spektroskopischer Methoden näher untersucht. Die Alkalimetalldithiocarbamate kristallisieren monoklin (pseudorhombisch) mit Z = 8 in der Raumgruppe I2/a-C2h6 oder Ia—Cs4 und sind mit der Hochtemperaturmodifikation (β) des NH4[SC(S)(NH2)] isostrukturell. Für diese Verbindungen ist die strukturchemische Volumenregel gut erfüllt. \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \begin{array}{l} {\rm a} = 11,25,\,{\rm b} = 9,30,\,{\rm c} = 9,14\,{\AA}(\pm 0,02), \,\beta = 90,0 \pm 0,2^\circ \,{\rm f\ddot{u} r\, M} = {\rm K,} \\ {\rm a} = 11,59,\,{\rm b} = 9,52,\,{\rm c} = 9,39\,{\AA}(\pm 0,02), \,\beta = 90,0 \pm 0,2^\circ \,{\rm f\ddot{u} r\, M} = {\rm Rb,} \\ {\rm a} = 11,80,\,{\rm b} = 9,87,\,{\rm c} = 9,71\,{\AA}(\pm 0,02), \,\beta = 90,0 \pm 0,2^\circ \,{\rm f\ddot{u} r\, M} = {\rm Cs,} \\ \end{array} $$\end{document}. Die IR-Spektren der Dithiocarbamate werden diskutiert.
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  • 68
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 368 (1969), S. 160-167 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: A structure is proposed for tetragonal body-centered Na6PbO5, with a = 7,707 and c = 5,545 Å, the probable space group of which is 14mm-C4v9. The lattice contains chains of highly distorted PbO6 octahedra sharing opposite corners.
    Notes: Na6PbO5 kristallisiert tetragonal-innenzentriert mit a = 7,707 und c = 5,545 Å; die wahrscheinliche Raumgruppe ist 14mm-C4v9. Nach dem hier entwickelten Strukturvorschlag enthält das Gitter Ketten aus stark verzerrten PbO6-Oktaedern, die über einander gegenüberliegende Ecken verknüpft sind.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 69
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The reaction of CdO with the vanadium oxides VO, V2O3, and VO2 at 700°C have been investigated. The only stable phases observed are the spinel CdV2O4 and the two cadmium vanadates(IV), CdVO3 and CdV3O7. For the normal cadmium vanadium(III) spinel the lattice constant was determinated to be a = 8.696 ± 0.001 Å. The d-values and IR absorptions for these compounds are given. The crystal chemical and electronic properties show that the spinel phase in the system Cd(CdxV2-2x+3Vx+4)O4 covers only a very small range (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.02).
    Notes: Es wurden die Reaktionen von CdO mit VO, V2O3 und VO2 bei 700°C untersucht und als stabile Phasen der Spinell CdV2O4 und die Cadmiumvanadate(IV), CdVO3 und CdV3O7, beobachtet, von denen das letztere noch nicht bekannt war. Für den normalen Cadmium-vanadin(III)-Spinell wurde die Gitterkonstante zu a = 8,696 ± 0,001 Å bestimmt. Die d-Werte und Absorptionsbanden im IR werden für die Verbindungen angegeben. Kristallchemische und elektronische Eigenschaften zeigen, daß im System Cd(CdxV2-2x+3Vx+4)O4 die Spinellphase bereits bei x ≈ 0,02 ihre obere Phasengrenze besitzt.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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  • 70
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Using silicon windows the IR spectra of the gas phase over 78 to 100 per cent sulphuric acid have been recorded from 30 to 250°C. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the spectra yields information on the equilibria over the system H2O-H2SO4. The IR spectrum of gascous H2SO4 is communicated.
    Notes: In einer mit siliciumscheiben ausgerüsteten Küvette wurde die Gasphase über 78-bis 100 proz. Schwefelsäure im Temperaturbereich von 30-250°C IR-spektroskopisch untersucht. Nach qualitativer und quantitativer Auswertung der Spektren war es möglich, die Gleichgewichte über dem System H2O-H2SO4 in Wechselwirkung mit der flüssigen Phase zu diskutieren. Das IR-Spektrum der gasförmigen Schwefelsäure wird mitgeteilt.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 71
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 370 (1969), S. 91-103 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Phase diagrams including the compounds \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm UO}_2 - {\rm U}_4 {\rm O}_9 - {\rm U}_3 {\rm O}_8 - {\rm UO}_3 - {\rm UO}_2 {\rm F}_2 - {\rm UF}_3 - {\rm UF}_4 - {\rm UF}_{4,25} - {\rm UF}_{4\,5} - {\rm UF}_5 - {\rm UF}_6 $$\end{document} are calculated with the coordinates of temperature and partial pressure of O2, F2 and UF6, respectively. On the basis of these diagrams experimental equilibrium investigations are discussed as well as some technical fluorination reactions.
    Notes: Die Zustandsgebiete der Verbindungen \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm UO}_2 - {\rm U}_4 {\rm O}_9 - {\rm U}_3 {\rm O}_8 - {\rm UO}_3 - {\rm UO}_2 {\rm F}_2 - {\rm UF}_3 - {\rm UF}_4 - {\rm UF}_{4 \cdot 25} - {\rm UF}_{4 \cdot 5} - {\rm UF}_5 - {\rm UF}_6 $$\end{document} werden in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur und den Partialdrucken O2, F2 bzw. UF6 berechnet und graphisch dargestellt. An Hand dieser Diagramme werden experimentelle Gleichgewichtsuntersuchungen und technische Fluorierungsreaktionen erörtert.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 72
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 370 (1969), S. 113-118 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: For TIF the IR- and RAMAN spectra have been recorded. The observed selection rules show that TIF does not belong to the space group D2h23 but presumably to C2v18. The sites of the anions are estimated by BADGERS'S rule. A band at 475 cm-1 is assigned to monomeric TIF which seems to be present in the lattice in small quantities.
    Notes: Die IR- und RAMAN-Spektren des TIF wurden aufgenommen. Aus den beobachteten Auswahlregeln folgt, daß TIF nicht der Raumgruppe D2h23 sondern wahrscheinlich C2v18 angehört. Die Punktlagen der Anionen lassen sich mit der Badger-Regel abschätzen. Eine Bande bei 475 cm-1 wird dem „monomeren“ TIF zugeordnet, das im Gitter in geringer Menge vorzuliegen scheint.
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  • 73
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 370 (1969), S. 171-184 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reaction between (CH3)3CPCI2 and ammonia or (CH3)3SiNCH3Li affords (CH3)3CP(NH2)2 (1) or (CH3)3CPCINCH3Si(CH3)3 (2). Silylation was found to occur with 1 giving 4. 2 reacts with ammonia or primary amines to mixed-substituted diaminophosphines, which can be transfered to aminohalogenphosphineimines by means of CX4-derivatives. They are useful starting materials for further syntheses. Compounds of the type R1R2P = NR3(NR4R5) are particularly suitable for the study of ligand exchange reactions.
    Notes: Tert.-butyl-dichlorphosphin bildet mit Ammoniak bzw. (CH3)3SiNCH3Li die Verbindungen (CH3)3CP(NH2)2 (1) bzw. (CH3)3CPCINCH3Si(CH3)3 (2). 1 läßt sich mit Trimethylchlorsilan silylieren, 2 mit Ammoniak oder primären Aminen in gemischt substituierte Diaminophosphine überführen. Letztere ergeben bei der Umsetzung mit CX4-Derivaten die neue Verbindungsklasse der Aminohalogenphosphinimine, die sowohl wertvolle Ausgangsmaterialien für weitere Synthesen als auch nützliche Modellsubstanzen (R1R2P = NR3(NR4R5)) zum Studium von Ligandenplatzwechselvorgängen darstellen.
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  • 74
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 371 (1969), S. 99-105 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The reaction of Hg[Co(CO)4]2 with (CF3)2 PI yields the binuclear complex [Co(CO)3P(CF3)2]2 with (CF3)2P bridging groups, the structural formula of which can be deduced from the 19F-N. M. R. and infrared spectra. The 19F-N.M. R. spectrum has been interpreted in terms of an XnAA′X′n nuclear spin system.
    Notes: Durch Umsetzung von Hg[Co(CO)4]2 mit (CF3)2PJ wurde ein Zweikernkomplex der Zusammensetzung [Co(CO)3P(CF3)2]2 mit (CF2)2P-Brückenliganden erhalten. Das 19F-KMRSpektrum und das Infrarotspektrum gestatten die Ableitung der Konstitutionsformel. Die 19F-Resonanz ist als Spektrum höherer Ordnung vo, XnAA′X′n-Typ zu interpretieren.
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  • 75
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 371 (1969), S. 88-98 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Interaction between N. N′-dimethylsulphamide and PCl5 yields the compound A (formula see above); in the presence of pyridine, however, the well-crystalline compound B is obtained. According to their 31P-NMR spectra both A and B contain fivecoordinated phosphorus.B forms with TiCl4 a 1: 1 adduct, with SbCl5 and BCl3 1: 2 adducts, and is almost quantitatively fluorinated by AgF to form compound C. Formic acid converts B to bis (N. N′-dimethylsulphamido) -Phosphoric acid, and with ethanol B forms the respective ethyl ester. Compound A reacts with further N. N′-dimethylsulfamide to yield D.
    Notes: Bei der Umsetzung von N, N′-Dimethylsulfamid mit PCl5 entsteht in guter Ausbeute Verbindung A. Führt man die Umsetzung in Gegenwart einer Base (Pyridin) aus, so kann die gut kristallisierende Verbindung B hergestellt werden. In A und B wird die Anwesenheit von Phosphor der Koordinationszahl 5 durch das 31P-KMR-Spektrum nachgewiesen.B läßt sich mit AgF praktisch quantitativ zu C fluorieren.B bildet ein 1:1-Addukt mit TiCl4 sowie 1: 2-Addukte mit SbCl5 und BCl3- Mit Ameisensäure entsteht aus B Bis(N, N′-dimethylsulfamido)-phosphorsäure und mit Äthano der entsprechende Ester. A reagiert mit weiterem N, N′-Dimethylsulfamid zu D.
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  • 76
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 369 (1969), S. 208-211 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Metahalloysites, dehydrated at 110°C, form intercalation compounds with potassium and ammonium acetate, urea, amides of formic and acetic acid, and the methylated amides. The layer distances vary from 10 to 20 Å. In all cases washing with water yields water-containing halloysites.
    Notes: An 11 bei 110°C getrockneten Metahalloysiten wurden Einlagerungsverbindungen her-gestellt mit Kalium- und Ammoniumacetat, mit Harnstoff und mit Amiden der Ameisensäure und der Essigsäure sowie mit den methylierten Amiden. Die Schichtabstände der Verbindungen Variieren zwischen 10 und 20 Å. Durch Auswaschen mit wasser wurden in allen Fällen die wasserhaltigen Halloysite erhalten.
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  • 77
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 371 (1969), S. 48-52 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: An equimolar mixture of NaH2PO3 and NaH2PO4 reacts on heating in N2 atmosphere at temperatures between 200 and 350°C by way of the simultaneously present intermediates \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \mathop {\rm P}\limits^{\rm 3}\hbox{---} {\rm O}\hbox{---}\mathop {\rm P}\limits^{\rm 3} $\end{document}, \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \mathop {\rm P}\limits^{\rm 3}\hbox{---} {\rm O}\hbox{---}\mathop {\rm P}\limits^{\rm 5} $\end{document} and \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \mathop {\rm P}\limits^{\rm 5}\hbox{---} {\rm O}\hbox{---}\mathop {\rm P}\limits^{\rm 5} $\end{document}, and formation of PH3, to a mixture of condensed phosphates having an overall Na: P ratio of 1.143. The disproportionation occurs quantitatively according to \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ 4\mathop {\rm P}\limits^{\rm 3} \to \mathop {\rm P}\limits^{{\rm - 3}} + 3\,{\rm P\,\,(V)} $\end{document}.
    Notes: Eine äquimolare Mischung von NaH2PO3 und NaH2PO4 setzt sich im N2-Strom zwischen 200 und 350°C über die nebeneinander vorliegenden Zwischenstufen \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \mathop {\rm P}\limits^{\rm 3}\hbox{---} {\rm O}\hbox{---}\mathop {\rm P}\limits^{\rm 3} $\end{document}, \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \mathop {\rm P}\limits^{\rm 3}\hbox{---} {\rm O}\hbox{---}\mathop {\rm P}\limits^{\rm 5} $\end{document} und \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \mathop {\rm P}\limits^{\rm 5}\hbox{---} {\rm O}\hbox{---}\mathop {\rm P}\limits^{\rm 5} $\end{document} unter Phosphinentwicklung zu einem dem Na: P-Verhältnis von 1,143 entsprechenden Gemisch kondensierter Phosphate um. Die Disproportionierung verläuft quantitativ nach \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ 4\mathop {\rm P}\limits^{\rm 3} \to \mathop {\rm P}\limits^{{\rm - 3}} + 3\,{\rm P\,\,(V)} $\end{document}.
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  • 78
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 371 (1969), S. 136-148 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The preparation and properties of MoOS2-3 is reported. A mechanism of the formation reaction is proposed. Some crystalline trithio- and tetrathiomolybdates and -tungstates have been prepared and characterised. From the measured IR-spectra force constants and mean amplitudes of vibration were calculated and discussed. The salts Cs2MoOS3 and Cs2WOS3 were further investigated by X-ray studies. Both salts are cristallising in the space group D2h16(Pnma) with Z = 4; lattice constants see “Inhaltsübersicht”.
    Notes: Es wird über die Darstellung und Eigenschaften von MoOS23 und WOS2-3 berichtet. Ein Bildungsmechanismus für diese Ionen wird vorgeschlagen. Ferner wurden einige kristalline Trithio- und Tetrathiomolybdate und -wolframate dargestellt und charakterisiert. Es gelang erstmalig, reine kristalline Trithiosalze nach einer eindeutigen Reaktionsgleichung darzustellen. Aus den gemessenen IR-Spektren wurden Kraft-konstanten und mittlere Schwingungsamplituden berechnet, die Bindungsverhältnisse worden kurz diskutiert. Die Salze Cs2MoOS3 und Cs2WOS3 wurden weiterhin röntgenographisch untersucht und Festkörperelektronenspektren gemessen. Beide Salze kristallisieren in der Raumgruppe D162h(Pnma) mit Z = 4. Die Gitterdimensionen sind für
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  • 79
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 371 (1969), S. 156-171 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The cryoscopical behaviour of the following electrolytes has been investigated: KCl, Li2WO4, WO3-dissoved in molten K2WO4, BaWO4, Li2WO4, Na2WO4, WO3-dissolved in molten Na2W2O7; K2CrO4, Na2W2O7, Li2W2O7, M2WO4 (M = Li, Ma, K)-dissolved in molten K2Cr2O7. The results are interpreted on the basis of TEMKIN'S model of molten electrolytes. Pure molten Na2W2O7 dissoziates into Na+, WO2-4, and WO3. In diluted solutions of alkali ditungstates in molten K2Cr2O7 probably W2O7 probably W2O2-7 ions occur. Alkali monotungstates in K2Cr2O7, however, exhibit a complicated behaviour due to chemical reaction with the solvent.
    Notes: Das kryoskopische Verhalten folgender Elektrolyte wurde untersucht: 1gelöst in geschmolzenem K2WO4: KCl, Li2WO4, WO3.2gelöst in geschmolzenem Na2W2O7: BaWO4, Li2WO4, Na2WO4, WO3.3gelöst in geschmolzenem K2Cr2O7: K2CrO4, Na2W2O7, Li2W2O7, Li2WO4, Na2WO4, K2WO4.Die kryoskopischen Messungen wurden unter Zugrundlegung des TEMKIN-Modells für geschmolzene Elektrolyte gedeutet. Es konnte u. a. nachgewiesen werden, daß reines geschmolzenes Na2W2O7 in Na+, (WO4)2- und WO3 dissoziiert. In verdünnten Lösungen von Alkalidiwolframaten im relativ niedrig schmelzenden K2Cr2O7 liegen wahrscheinlich (W2O7)2--Ionen vor Alkalimonowolframate zeigen infolge Reaktion mit dem Lösungsmittel K2Cr2O7 kryoskopisch ein komplizierteres Verhalten.
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  • 80
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 371 (1969), S. 212-219 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The complex formation between 3-phenyl-5-pyridyl(2)-pyrazole (PPP—H) and various cobalt (II) salts is described. The discussion about the constitution of the obtained complex compounds [Co(PPP—H)2 (OH2)2]X2 (X = F-, Cl-, Br-, J-), [Co(PPP—H)2X2] (X = F-, Cl-, Br-, J-, NO3, ClO-4) and [Co(PPP)3] is based on spectroscopic, magnetic, thermomagnetic and DTA studies. Equilibria between pseudo-octahedral and pseudo-tetrahedral complexes could be proved for complexes of CoCl2 and PPP—H and also for complexes with CoBr2 and CoI2 in solutions. The tetrahedral complex of PPP—H and CoCl2 could be isolated.
    Notes: Die Komplexbildung von 3-Phenyl-5-pyridyl(2)-pyrazol (PPP—H) mit verschiedenen Kobalt (II)-salzen wird beschrieben. Die Konstitution der erhaltenen Komplexverbindungen [Co(PPP—H)2 (OH2)2]X2 (X = F-, Cl-, Br-, J-), [Co(PPP—H)2X2] (X = F-, Cl-, Br-, J-, NO-3, ClO-4) und von [Co(PPP)3] wird anhand spektroskopischer und magnetischer, sowie von thermomagnetischen und DTA-Untersuchungen diskutiert. Gleichgewichte zwischen Komplexen mit pseudo-oktaedrischer und pseudo-tetraedrischer Struktur konnten für Chelate zwischen Kobalt (II)-chlorid und PPP—H und auch für die entsprechenden komplexen Bromide bzw. Jodide in Lösung (bzw. in der Schmelze) nach-gewiesen werden. Der tetraedrische Komplex vom Kobalt (II) -chlorid und PPP—H konnte isoliert werden.
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  • 81
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 371 (1969), S. 225-228 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The bisphosphazo compound N3P3Cl4(NPCl3)2 obtainable from the geminale diamide of trimeric phosphorus nitride-chloride, reacts with heptamethyldisilazane under ring closure. The reaction product, N6P5Cl8CH3, contains two sixmembered P—N rings linked together via a common P atom. Its 1H- and 31P-NMR spectra correspond to this structural formulation.
    Notes: Die aus dem geminalen Diamid des trimeren Phosphornitridchlorids zugängliche Biphosphazoverbindung N3P3Cl4(NPCl3)2 reagiert mit Heptamethyldisilazan unter Ringschluß. Die entstandene Verbindung N6P5Cl3 enthält zwei P—N-Sechsringe, die über ein gemeinsames Phosphoratom miteinander verknüpft sind. Die 1H- und 31P-KMR-Spektren stehen im Einklang mit dieser Formulierung.
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  • 82
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 371 (1969), S. 248-255 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Solid solutions ZnCr2(S1-xSex)4 and CdCr2(S1-xSex)4 with 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 and the System ZnCr2(Se1-xTex)4 in the range 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2 have been prepared. Int hese systems the lattice constants increase linearly with x, while the chalcogen parameters remain constant (u = 0.3852 for Zn - Cr spinels; u = 0.3901 for Cd—Cr spinels). Assuming random distribution of S and Se ions, the R-Value of ZnCr2S2Se2 has been determined to be R = 0.07, and of CdCr2S2.4Se1,6 to be R = 0.10. The calculated distances between the atoms at the tetrahedral sites and the chalcogens for the solid solutions are in agreement with the sum of PAULINGS covalent tetrahedral radii. IR spectra of the solid solutions are given.
    Notes: Es wurden die Mischkristallsysteme ZnCr2(S1-xSex)4 und CdCr2(S1-xSex)4 mit 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 und das System ZnCr2(Se1-xTex)4 in den Grenzen 0 ≤ x ≤ 0,2 dargestellt. In den Mischkristallreihen nehmen die Gitterkonstanten mit x linear zu. die Chalkogenparameter u bleiben konstant (u = 0,3852x für Zn—Cr-Spinelle; u = 0,3901 füor Cd—Cr-Spinelle). Unter Annahme statistischer Verteilung von S- und Se-Ionen ergab die Strukturbestimmung für ZnCr2S2Se2 has been determined to be R = 0.07, and of CdCr2S2.4Se1,6 R = 0,10. Die berechneten Abstände Metall auf Tetraederplatz-Chalkogen in den Mischkristallen stimmen mit der Summer der kovalenten Tetraederradien nach PAULING überein. Von den Misch-kristallen wurden IR-Spektren gemessen.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 83
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 371 (1969), S. 289-294 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: AsCl3 reacts at 60 - 70°C with SO3 forming AsCl4 whose thermal decomposition yields AsCl3, SO3 and basic arenic(III) sulphates. At room temrature, in AsCl3 - SO3 mixtures the compound AsCl3 · OSo2 occurs, probably in equilibrium with AsCl2OSo2Cl.
    Notes: AsCl3 regiert bei 60-70°C mit SO3 unter bildung von AsCiSO4, dessen thermishce Zersetzung AsCl3, SO3 und basische Arsen(III)-sulfate liefert. Bei Raumtemperatur liegt in AsCl3 - SO3-Mischungen AsCl3 · OSO2, wahrsheinlich im Gleichgewicht mit AsCl2OSO2Cl, vor.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 84
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 371 (1969), S. 318-324 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Strong evidence is given for the existence of Mn(PH2)2 · 3 NH3 (III) and K2[Mn(PH2)4] · 2 NH3 (IV). When heated in a current of N2, III splits off NH3 and PH3, and IV additionally H. III and IV are compared with NI(PH2)2 · xNH3 and K[Ni(PH2)3] · xNH3 (different behaviour).
    Notes: Die Existenz von Mn(PH2)2 · 3 NH3 (III) und K2[Mn(PH2)4] · 2 NH3 (IV) konnte bewiesen werden. III spaltet beim thermischen Abbau im N2-Strom nur NH3 und PH3, IV außerdem H ab. III und IV werden mit Ni(PH2)2 · xNH3 und K[Ni(PH2)3] · xNH3 verglichen (unterschiedliches Verhalten).
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 85
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 364 (1969) 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 86
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 364 (1969), S. 24-40 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Of the known complex cations [Co2(NH3)6(OH)3]3+, [Co2(NH3)6(OH)2(H2O)2]4+ and [Co(NH3)3(H2O)3]3+, the perchlorates have been firstly prepared. The equilibrium between the tri-μ-hydroxo and the Di-μ-diaquo complex in aqueous solution and the rate of hydrolysis of the Di-μ-diaquo complex in acid medium have been studied.Preparation and properties of the Di-μ-diacido complexes [Co2(NH3)6(OH)2F2]X2, [Co(NH3)6(OH)2(N3)2]X2 and [Co2(NH3)6(OH)2(NCS)2]X2 are described.
    Notes: Die Perchlorate der bekannten komplexen Kationen [Co2(NH3)6(OH)3]3+, [Co2(NH3)6(OH)2. (H2O)2]4+ und [Co(NH3)3(H2O)3]3+ werden erstmalig beschrieben. Das Gleichgewicht zwischen Tri-μ-hydroxo- und Di-μ-hydroxo-diaquo-Komplex in wäßriger Lösung sowie die Kinetik der Hydrolyse des Di-μ-hydroxo-diaquo-Komplexes in saurem Medium zu [Co(NH3)3(H2O)3]3+ werden untersucht.Darstellung und Eigenschaften der Di-μ-diacido-Komplexe [Co2(NH3)6(OH)2. F2]X2, [Co2(NH3)6(OH)2(N3)2]X2 und [Co2(NH3)6(OH)2(NCS)2]X2 werden beschrieben.
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  • 87
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 364 (1969), S. 88-99 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The magnetic and optical properties of the uranium oxidefluoride phases I-IV in Abb. 1, with U(V) or U(V) and U(VI), respectively, are reported. There are strong structural relationships between this four phases and the structures of some uranium oxides in the range U2O5 to UO3. The oxides as well as the oxidefluorides contain O—U—O-chains (ligand field symmetry D∞h).
    Notes: Es werden die magnetischen und optischen Eigenschaften der Uranoxidfluoridphasen I bis IV in Abb. 1, die fünf-bzw. fünf- und sechswertiges Uran enthalten, mitgeteilt. Zwischen den Strukturen dieser 4 Phasen und denen einiger Uranoxide im Gebiet zwischen U2O5 und UO3 bestehen enge strukturelle Verwandtschaften (Auftreten von O—U—O-Ketten); in beiden Verbindungsklassen liegt für das Uran ein axiales Ligandenfeld vor.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 88
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 364 (1969), S. 107-112 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The Mössbauer spectra of iron(II) complexes of the types [FeX(QP)]+ (QP = I; X = hal or pseudohal) and [FeX2(QP)] with the coordination numbers 5 and 6, respectively, on the central iron atom are reported and discussed.
    Notes: Die Mössbauer-Spektren von Eisen(II)-Komplexen des Typs [FeX(QP)]+ (QP = I; X = Hal oder Pseudohal) und [FeX2(QP)] mit den Ko.Z. 5 und 6 am zentralen Eisenatom werden mitgeteilt und interpretiert.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 89
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 364 (1969), S. 135-147 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Pb2U2O7 forms with NaUO3F solid solutions up to the composition Pb2U2O7 · NaUO3F. Further, the cubic compounds A′0.33PbU2O5.67F with A′ = K, Rb, Tl and a = 11.10 Å are reported.According to magnetic and spectroscopic measurements, there are UO2+ groups present in all compounds prepared.The crystal structures are discussed on the basis of the CaUO4 and BaUO4 type, respectively.
    Notes: Pb2U2O7 bildet mit NaUO3F bis zur Zusammensetzung Pb2U2O7 · NaUO3F Mischkristalle. Weiterhin wird über die kubisch kristallisierenden Verbindungen A′0.33PbU2O5,67F mit A′ = K, Rb, Tl und a = 10,10 Å berichtet.Magnetische und spektroskopische Untersuchungen zeigen, daß in allen Verbindungen Uranylgruppierungen vorliegen.Die Kristallstrukturen der Oxidfluoride werden auf der Grundlage des CaUO4- bzw. BaUO4-Typs diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 90
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The stability constants for metal and proton chelates of some β-thioxoketones were determined potentiometrically in dioxane-water mixture, and the influence of substituents on chelate stability was studied for zinc compounds as a model. Additional information about the stability of the proton chelates could be received by NMR spectroscopic work from the chemical shifts of methine and hydroxyl protons. The dependence of complex stability on the nature of central ions is discussed by means of stability data for metal chelates of thiodibenzoyl-methane.
    Notes: Die Stabilitätskonstanten der Metall- und Protonenchelate einer Reihe von β-Thioxoketonen wurden auf potentiometrischem Wege in Dioxan-Wasser-Mischung bestimmt und am Beispiel der Zinkchelate der Einfluß der Substituenten auf die Chelatstabilität studiert. Weitere Aussagen über die Stabilität der Protonenchelate konnten durch NMR-spektroskopische Untersuchungen aus den chemischen Verschiebungen für Methin- und Hydroxylprotonen erhalten werden. Die Abhängigkeit der Komplexstabilität vom Charakter des Zentralatoms wurde an Hand von Stabilitätskonstanten für Metallchelate des Thiodibenzoylmethans diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 91
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 364 (1969), S. 225-240 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: VOSO4 exists in two modifications, as water soluble tetragonal α-VOSO4 (platelets) and practically insoluble orthorhombic α-VOSO4 (prisms).The α-form and its thermal formation from VOSO4 · 3 H2O via a monohydrate, α-VOSO4 · H2O (platelets), are investigated. From X-ray powder and electron diffraction patterns, IR spectra, and the known structures of other tetragonal MOXO4 compounds such as VOMoO4, a structure proposal for α-VOSO4 is derived according to which monomeric VO2+ units, as quadratic OVO4 pyramids, are linked by fourfold-monodentate SO42- bridging ligands to coordination polymeric 2∞[VOSO4] layers. For α-VOSO4 · H2O an ordered insertion of H2O molecules between the layers of α-VOSO4 is suggested. Remarks are given on the swelling behaviour of α-VOSO4(· H2O) against n-alkanols and on structural relations to α-VOPO4(· nH2O) and Na2[(TiO)SiO4].
    Notes: VOSO4 existiert in zwei Modifikationen, als wasserlösliches tetragonales α-VOSO4 (Blättchen) und als praktisch unlösliches orthorhombisches β-VOSO4 (Prismen).Die α-Form und ihre thermische Bildung aus VOSO4 · 3 H2O über ein 1-Hydrat, α-VOSO4 · H2O (Blättchen), werden untersucht. Aus Röntgenpulver-, Elektronenbeugungs- und IR-Aufnahmen und durch Vergleich mit strukturbekannten tetragonalen MOXO4- Verbindungen wie VOMoO4 wird ein Strukturvorschlag für α-VOSO4 hergeleitet, nach dem monomere VO2+-Einheiten durch vierfach-einzähnige SO42--Brückenliganden zu quadratischen OVO4-Pyramiden ergänzt und zu koordinationspolymeren 2∞[VOSO4]-Schichten verknüpft sind. Im α-VOSO4 · H2O scheint eine geordnete Einlagerung von H2O-Molekeln zwischen die Schichten des α-VOSO4 vorzuliegen. Auf das Quellverhalten des α-VOSO4 (· H2O) gegenüber n-Alkanolen und die Strukturverwandtschaft mit α-VOPO4(· nH2O) und Na2[(TiO)SiO4] wird hingewiesen.
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  • 92
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 364 (1969), S. 248-252 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Europium oxalate was found to be a better starting material than europium chloride for preparing single-phase chalcogenides of europium. Conditions for the preparation of EuS, EuSe and EuTe and results of chemical and X-ray analyses are communicated.
    Notes: Zur Darstellung phasenreiner Europiumchalkogenid-Präparate ist Europiumoxalat als Ausgangssubstanz besser geeignet als das bisher benutzte Europiumchlorid. Es werden Arbeitsvorschriften angegeben und die Ergebnisse der chemischen Analysen und Röntgenfeinstrukturuntersuchungen mitgeteilt.
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  • 93
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 364 (1969), S. 276-278 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: From magnetic measurements on the catalyst system ZrO2—Cr2O3 the presence of Cr4+, Cr5+ and Cr6+ in addition to Cr3+ ions is concluded.
    Notes: Aus magnetischen Messungen am Katalysatorsystem ZrO2—Cr2O3 wird auf die Anwesenheit von Cr4+-, Cr5+- und Cr6+- neben Cr3+-Ionen und auf deren Verteilung geschlossen.
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  • 94
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 364 (1969), S. 290-296 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The infrared spectra of Pd6Cl12, Pt6Cl12 and Pt6Br12 have been recorded in the region of 450-33 cm-1. A normal coordinate analysis have been performed in order to assign the observed frequencies. The Me6X12 molecules are mainly stabilised by the halogen bridges above the edges of the Me6 octahedron and not by metal - metal bonds.
    Notes: Die IR-Spektren von Pd6Cl12, Pt6Cl12 und Pt6Br12 wurden im Bereich von 450-33 cmü1 untersucht. Eine Normalkoordinatenanalyse ermöglichte die Zuordnung. Die Kraftkonstanten werden mit denen anderer bekannter Platin- und Palladiumhalogenide verglichen. Die Me6X12-Molekeln werden nicht durch Metall - Metall-Bindungen, sondern durch die Halogenbrücken über den Kanten des Me6-Oktaeders zusammengehalten.
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  • 95
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 364 (1969), S. 297-315 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The Mössbauer spectra of iron(II)-phthalocyanine, FePc, its anionic complexes of the type [FePc]n- (n = 1, 2, 3, 4) and the cation [FePc]+ were recorded at various temperatures. The isomeric shifts and quadrupole splittings and their dependence on temperature are discussed on the basis of a MO treatment of the complexes.
    Notes: Die Mössbauer-Spektren des Eisen(II)-phthalocyanins, FePc, der anionischen Komplexe des Typs [FePc]n- (n = 1, 2, 3, 4) und des Kations [FePc]+ wurden bei verschiedenen Temperaturen aufgenommen. Die Isomerieverschiebungen und Quadrupolaufspaltungen und ihre Temperaturabhängigkeit sind auf der Grundlage einer MO-Behandlung der Komplexe interpretiert.
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  • 96
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 364 (1969), S. 331-336 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The present paper deals with the synthesis and the study of absorption spectra of some new coordination compounds of iridium(IV) with paludrine (N1-parachlorphenyl-N5-isopropylbiguanide). When NaClO2 is used as an oxidant, the following compound types are obtained: [Irpald3]Cl4, [Irpald2A2]Cl4, [Irpald2X2]X2. Biguanidonium salts (HRBig)2[IrCl6] were also prepared. Their magnetic momentic moments range from 1.56 - 1.80 B.M., corresponding to IrIV(d5).The compounds are rather stable in the solid state as well as in solution.
    Notes: Die Darstellungsbedingungen neuer Komplexverbindungen des Ir(IV) mit Paludrin (N1-parachlorphenyl-N5-isopropylbiguanid) werden mitgeteilt und ihre chemischen und physikalischen Eigenschaften erörtert. Durch Einwirkung von NaClO2 erg6/3/04eben sich folgende Typen von Komplexverbindungen: [Irpald3]Cl4, [Irpald2A2]Cl4, [Irpald2X2]X2. Magnetische Messungen bestätigen die höhere Wertigkeitsstufe des Ir(d5) in diesen Verbindungen; die magnetischen Momente liegen zwischen 1,56 - 1,80 BM.Es wurden ferner Komplexverbindungen des Ir(IV) mit Biguanidoniumderivaten hergestellt vom Typ (HRBig)2[IrCl6]. Kennzeichnung dieser Verbindungen durch Absorptionsspektren im Bereich zwischen 700 und 220 nm.
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  • 97
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 365 (1969), S. 22-25 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The new compounds RbDyO2 [a = 3.48; c = 19.4 Å], RbHoO2 [a = 19.4 Å], RbTmO2 [a = 3.44; c = 19.4 Å], RbYbO2 [a = 3.41; c = 19.24 Å], RbLuO2 [a = 3.40; c = 19.15 Å], have been obtained. They all are colourless and correspond to the hexagonal-rhombohedral α-NaTeO2 type of structure (Z = 3).
    Notes: Neu dargestellt wurden die Verbindungen RbDyO2 [a = 3,48; c = 19,4 Å], RbHoO2 [a = 3,46; c = 19,4 Å], RbErO2 [a = 3,45; c = 19,4 Å], RbTmO2 [a = 3,44; c = 19,4]; RbYbO2 [a = 3,41; c = 19,24 Å], RbLuO2 [a = 3,40; c = 19,15 Å]. Alle Verbindungen sind farblos und kristallisieren hexagonal-rhomboedrisch im α-NaFeO2-;Typ (Z = 3).
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  • 98
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The 1300°C isotherm of the system Nb—O—H2—H2O has been determined within the composition range of O/Nb = 2.00 to 2.50. Equilibrium phases with the compositions given in Inhaltsübersicht where observed and characterized by chemical and X-ray analyses.From these measurements the free enthalpies of formation of the NbOx phases have been derived. For formation of NbOx from its two neighbouring phases -ΔG° is only a few cal/mol NbOx.Metastable NbOx phases are also reported.
    Notes: Im Bodenkörperbereich mit O/Nb = 2,00 bis 2,50 des Systems Nb—O—H2—H2O wurde die 1300°C-Isotherme bestimmt. Dabei wurden Gleichgewichtsphasen bzw. Phasen-grenzen mit den Atomverhältnissen O/Nb = 2,000 to 2,024 | 2,417 | 2,453 | 2,464-2,467 | 2,472-2,478 | 2,483 | 2,489-2,500 gefunden und analytisch sowie röntgenographisch charakterisiert.Aus den Messungen ergeben sich die Freien Bildungsenthalpien (1300°C) dieser Phasen. Für die Bildung aus den jeweiligen Nachbarphasen beträgt die negative Freie Enthalpie nur wenige cal/Mol NbOx.Über metastabile NbOx-Phasen wird berichtet.
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  • 99
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 365 (1969), S. 63-69 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Trans-2-aminocyclohexanethiol (H-ACM) forms with transition metal ions two principal types of complexes: MII(ACM)2 (MII = Ni, Pd, Pt) and [MII{MII(ACM)2}2]X2 · 2 CH3OH (MII = Ni, Pd; X = Br, Cl). Moreover, from cobalt the following compounds are obtained: [Co(ACM)X]2 (X = Br, Cl); CoIII(ACM)3 and [CoII{CoIII(ACM)3}2]Br2. Magnetic studies, conductivity measurements and the route of their reactions indicate a planar or octahedral structure.
    Notes: Trans-2-aminocyclohexylmercaptan (H-ACM) bildet mit Übergangsmetallionen Komplexverbindungen des Typs: MII(ACM)2 (MII = Ni, Pd, Pt) und [MII{MII(ACM)2}2]X2 · 2 CH3OH (MII = Ni, Pd; X = Br, Cl). Daneben entstehen Kobaltkomplexe der Zusammensetzung [Co(ACM)X]2 (X = Br, Cl); CoIII(ACM)3 und [CoII{CoIII(ACM)3}2]Br2. Aus magnetischen Untersuchungen, Leitfähigkeitsmessungen und Reaktionsverhalten folgt eine planare bzw. oktaedrische Struktur.
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  • 100
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 365 (1969), S. 91-99 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The present paper is a study on the tendency of Ir(III) to form, with some biguanide derivatives, tri-, di-, and monochelates as well as biguanidonium salts of chloro acids of this element: [Ir(RBig)3]X3; [Ir(RBig)2A2]Cl3; [Ir(RBig)2Cl2]Cl; [Irpald2Cl2][IrCl4pald]; (Hapald)3 (IrCl6]; (Hpald)2[IrCl5(OH)2]; (Hpald)[IrCl4pald); where RBig = N1, N1-dimethylbiguanide, N1-morpholinbiguanide, N1-parachlorphenyl-N5-isopropylbiguanide (pald). In order to characterize the complexes, chemical methods, resolution in to optical antipodes, and absorption spectra have been used.
    Notes: Untersuchung der Reaktion von Ir(III) mit einigen Biguanidverbindungen unter Bildung von Mono-, Di- und Trichelaten sowie Biguanidoniumsalze der Halogensäuren vom Typ: [Ir(RBig)3]X3; [Ir(RBig)2A2]Cl3; [Ir(RBig)2Cl2]Cl; [Irpald2Cl2][IrCl4pald]; (Hpald)3[IrCl6]; (Hpald)2[IrCl5(OH2)]; (Hpald)[IrCl4pald] [RBig = N1, N1-Dimethylbiguanid, N1-Morpholinbiguanid und N1-Parachlorphenyl-N5-izopropylbiguanid(pald)].Kennzeichnung dieser Verbindungen durch chemische Verfahren, Aufspaltung in optisch aktive Verbindungen und Absorptionsspektren.
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