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  • 1995-1999  (2,432)
  • 1995  (2,432)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (2,263)
  • Immunohistochemistry  (181)
  • Nuclear reactions
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Glycogen ; Glycogen phosphorylase ; Histochemistry ; Immunohistochemistry ; Human embryo
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To elucidate the role of glycogen in the epithelium of developing digestive organs, we investigated the appearance of glycogen and glycogen phosphorylase (GP) in these organs. We studied 64 externally normal human embryos at Carnegie stages 13–23 (5.1–28.0 mm in crown-ramp length, 4–8 weeks of gestation) by histocytochemical staining for glycogen and immunohistochemical staining with antibodies against two isoenzymes of GP: brain-type (BGP) and mucle-brain-type (MBGP) GP. At stage 13, glycogen appeared in the epithelium of the digestive tract and the parenchyma of the pancreas. As development advanced, glycogen granules increased in number and size in these tissues, and they became evenly distributed in the epithelium of the digestive tract as either single particles or aggregates, as deduced by electron microscopy at late embryonic stages. Immunoreactivity specific both for BGP and for MBGP was detected in the digestive tract and the pancreas from stage 13. As development advanced, both BGP- and MBGP-immunoreactive cells increased in number and in immunoreactivity, and the number of MBGP-immunoreactive cells became larger than that of BGP-immunoreactive cells. By contrast, in hepatic cells, which serve as a major storage site for glycogen in adults, glycogen was detected only from stage 20, in smaller amounts, without formation of aggregates, and no immunoreactivity specific for BGP or MBGP was apparent throughout the embryonic stages examined. Thus, in the epithelium of the digestive tract and the parenchyma of the pancreas, but not in hepatic cells, the appearance and localization of GP coincided almost exactly with that of glycogen. These observations suggest that glycogen in the epithelium of the digestive tract and the parenchyma of the pancreas has not only been synthesized but also degraded from an early embryonic period and may, thus, be related to active cellular metabolism that is specific for embryonic development, including proliferation of the epithelium and interactions between epithelium and mesenchyme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 191 (1995), S. 561-568 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Connexin 43 ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat maxillary tooth germs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Distribution of gap junction protein in maxillary tooth germs of 1-day-old rats was examined by immunohistochemistry, using an affinity-purified antibody specific to residues 360–376 of rat connexin (CX) 43. In 1-day-old rats, the maxillary second molar formed the shape of the cusp, but neither dentine nor enamel was formed between the cells of the dental papilla and the inner enamel epithelium. In the tooth germ, CX 43 was expressed in the cells of the stratum intermedium and the inner enamel epithelium. Labelling in the stratum inter-medium was extensive and showed an increasing gradient from peripheral to cuspal regions. CX 43 detected in the inner enamel epithelium was at cell surfaces facing the interface between the dental papilla and the inner enamel epithelium. The cells of the dental papilla and the inner enamel epithelium began differentiation as odontoblasts and secretory ameloblasts respectively, in the cusps of the first molars, where predentine and dentine were formed but enamel matrix was not secreted. CX 43 was present in the stratum intermedium, inner enamel epithelium, preodontoblasts, odontoblasts and subodontoblasts. The incisors showed the most advanced stage of development, where the enamel matrix and calcified dentine were formed in the labial part of the teeth. The CX 43 epitope was seen in the stratum intermedium, inner enamel epithelium, preameloblasts, preodontoblasts, odontoblasts, and subodontoblasts. Immunolabelling was more extensive in the stratum intermedium and subodontoblasts than in preameloblasts, preodontoblasts, and odontoblasts. The immunolabelling in preameloblasts and preodontoblasts was accumulated at cell surfaces facing the predentine. Further, the labelling in preameloblasts and preodontoblasts disappeared or was reduced at the initiation of enamel matrix secretion and calcification of dentine matrix. The present results suggest that gap junctional cell communication has important roles in tooth development. Further, the extensive CX 43 expression in the stratum intermedium and the subodontoblast layer suggests that gap junctions have an important role in amelogenesis and dentinogenesis.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 192 (1995), S. 117-121 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Horse atrium ; Cardiodilatin/atrial natriuretic peptide ; Brain natriuretic peptide ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The distribution of immunoreactivity (IR) for cardiodilatin/atrial natriuretic peptide (CDD/ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) was examined immunohistochemically and immuno-electron-microscopically in the equine atrium, using specific antibodies. In the immunohistochemical studies, IR-CDD/ANP and IR-pBNP-26 (porcine BNP-26 immunoreactivity) was detected in the cytoplasm of the auricular cardiocytes, but IR-hBNP-32 (human BNP-32 immunoreactivity) was not. The double immunogold labelling method for IR-hBNP-28 and IR-pBNP-26 revealed that gold particles of different sizes were located in the same secretory granules in the cardiocyte, but no gold particles for IR-hBNP-32 were detected. These results show that CDD/ANP and porcine BNP-like peptides are colocalized in the same secretory granules of the equine atrium. They suggest that the equine atrium secretes both CDD/ANP and BNP-like peptides.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Connexin 32 ; Immunohistochemistry ; Enzyme histochemistry ; Renal tubule cell ; Hamster
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The expression of gap junction protein was examined immunohistochemically using affinity-purified antibody against rat liver gap junction protein, connexin 32 (Cx32), in the kidneys of fetal (gestation days 13–16) and adult Syrian golden hamsters. Phalloidin histochemical staining, PNA- and RCA I-lectin stainings, NCAM immunostaining, and alkaline phosphatase and Na+-K+-ATPase enzyme-histochemical staining were performed in combination with Cx32 immunostaining. The kidney sections were observed with a confocal scanning laser microscope. By gestation day 13, Cx32 immunoreactivity was observed in the differentiating tubules. The Cx32 staining was localized on the lateral cell membrane of the cells lining the developing proximal tubules, while the S-shaped bodies, developing distal tubules, and collecting tubules showed no positive immunostaining. As the kidney developed, the density of Cx32 immunoreactivity increased. As the gap junction provides pathways for cell-cell communication, the development of Cx32 expression may imply that this structure plays an important role in renal tubule development. Confocal scanning laser microscopy provided a clear image of the fluorescence-labeled cell structures, free from out-of-focus blur. Using the same sections, stereoscopic images were easily reconstructed from serial optical sections, and were helpful in understanding the spatial distribution of Cx32 expression in the developing fetal proximal tubules.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 192 (1995), S. 21-33 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: TGF β ; Retinoid ; Immunohistochemistry ; In situ hybridization ; Mouse embryogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In a previous study we investigated the effects of RA excess on TGF β protein localization in early postimplantation stages of mouse development. Here we extend this investigation by comparing the effects of retinoid deficiency with those of excess, and by comparing the effects of altered retinoid status on TGF β protein and RNA transcript distribution. In vitamin A-deficient embryos, TGF β1 RNA and protein distribution were both unaltered compared with controls; conversely, TGF β2 protein levels were reduced while RNA levels remained normal. In RA-treated embryos, the previous study showed that intracellular TGF β1 levels were decreased, while those of extracellular TGF β1 were initially decreased but subsequently increased; here we found that TGF β1 RNA transcript levels were reduced following exposure to RA excess. TGF β2 showed a clear disparity between the effects of RA excess on protein and RNA transcript levels: RNA transcript distribution was unchanged or showed a slight increase in RA-treated embryos, whereas the previous results showed greatly reduced protein levels. The new results provide further evidence for interaction between retinoids and TGF βs during mouse development, and indicate that retinoids are capable of differentially regulating TGF β isoforms through mechanisms involving different stages in the process of TGF β synthesis and secretion. The long-term nature of the effects of transient exposure to RA excess suggests that the mechanisms of RA-TGF β interaction may be indirect.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 191 (1995), S. 191-201 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Striatum ; Cell adhesion ; Development ; Immunohistochemistry ; KG-CAM
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The present study examines the developmentally regulated expression pattern of an Ig superfamily member, KG-CAM, in the neostriatum of the rat. KG-CAM is a 90-kDa glycoprotein that is related to the DM-GRASP/Neurolin family of adhesion molecules. In the embryonic and early postnatal neostriatum, the distribution of KG-CAM correlates with the distribution of dopaminergic terminals. Early in neostriatal development, KG-CAM is found in the tyrosine hydroxylase-positive patches. In the maturing neostriatum, the levels of KG-CAM remain high within the patches, and KG-CAM upregulates in the matrix compartment. As the neostriatum is reaching its adult morphology, 5 weeks postnatal, the expression of KG-CAM in the matrix is approximately equal to that of the patches. When the distribution of KG-CAM is examined at the ultrastructural level, the immunoreactivity is localized to the external surface of neuronal and glial profiles in the neuropil. KG-CAM does not appear to be associated with the guidance of dopaminergic axons from the substantia nigra to the striatum, for this pathway is not immunopositive for this member of the Ig superfamily. The present study identifies an Ig superfamily member, KG-CAM, that appears to play a major role in the development of the neostriatum. Furthermore, the high levels of KG-CAM in the adult neostriatum suggest that this Ig superfamily member may be involved in maintaining the integrity of this structure in the adult rat.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 192 (1995), S. 107-115 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Neuropeptide ; Axon reflex ; Vasomotion ; Peripheral sensory fiber
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We investigated the development of substance P immunoreactivity in mouse vomeronasal organs in embryos, juveniles, and adults. In all stages, substance P fibers were found in the receptor-free epithelial area, but never in the neuroepithelium. Substance P fibers were found sparsely in the lamina propria of 15-day-old embryos. Although buds of the vomeronasal glands in the cavernous tissue were observed in 17-day-old embryos, and gradually grew in size and numbers, the substance P fibers around them decreased after about the 13th day. Thus, substance P may be a trophic factor for the development of the vomeronasal glands in the cavernous tissue. We first recognized substance P fibers reaching the surface of the receptor-free epithelium in 13-day-old pups. In 21-day-old mice, substance P fibers were as well developed as in adult mice. Considering the development of the substance P fibers in the receptor-free epithelium and the cavernous tissue, they probably cause the vasodilation of the cavernous tissue via local axon reflexes. These structures may then act as a defense system, eliminating noxious stimulus substances sucked into the vomeronasal organ.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 192 (1995), S. 329-334 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: First rib cartilage ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mineralization ; Ossification ; Collagen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The localization of fibrillar type I and II collagen was investigated by immunofluorescence staining with specific antibodies in order to obtain a better understanding of tissue remodelling during the development of first rib cartilage. In childhood and early adolescence type I collagen was found to be restricted to the perichondrium of first rib cartilage, while type II collagen was localized in the matrix of hyaline cartilage. However, in advanced age type I collagen was also found in the territorial matrix of intermediate and central chondrocytes of first rib cartilage. The matrix of subperichondrial chondrocytes was negative for type I collagen. This suggests that some chondrocytes in first rib cartilage undergo a modulation to type I collagen-producing cells. The first bone formation was observed in rib cartilages of 20- to 25-year-old adults. Interestingly, the ossification began peripherally, adjacent to the innermost layer of the perichondrium where areas of fibrocartilage had developed. The newly formed bone matrix showed strong immunostaining for type I collagen. Fibrocartilage bordering peripherally on bone matrix revealed only a faint staining for type I collagen, but strong immunoreactivity to type II collagen. The interterritorial matrix of the central chondrocytes failed to react with the type II collagen antibody, in both men and women, from the end of the second decade. These observations indicate that major matrix changes occur at the same time in male and female first rib cartilages. Thus, our findings indicate that ossification in human first rib cartilage does not follow the same pattern as that observed in endochondral ossification of epiphyseal discs or sternal cartilage.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Avian gut ; Differentiation ; Gut endocrine cells ; Regulatory peptides ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The ontogeny and the distribution of chromogranin A (CgA)- and chromogranin B (CgB)-immunoreactive endocrine cells was studied in the chicken gizzard and gizzard-duodenal junction (also called pylorus or antrum) during embryonic and postnatal life. The same tissue sections were then double-immunostained to identify the CgA- and CgB-immunoreactive cells, with a panel of polyclonal antibodies raised against main gut amine/peptides. In the gizzard, positive cells were observed only in its two diverticula (proximal and distal caeca), where the first CgA- and CgB-immunoreactive cells were found on day 12 of incubation. They always remained moderate in number and co-stored mainly serotonin, gastrin/CCK and neurotensin. A few also co-stored somatostatin, but only during the embryonic period. Others co-stored PYY, but only after hatching. Co-localization with motilin was rare and never occurred with bombesin. In the chicken antrum, the first CgA- and CgB-immunoreactive cells were observed on day 12 of incubation and soon reached very high numbers. Antral positive cells showed almost the same co-localization pattern as the gizzard diverticula. Despite their high chromogranin content, the antral cells had weak argyrophilia, whereas in the gizzard diverticula the two staining patterns corresponded.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1173
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Multiple ekkrine Spiradenome ; Dermales Zylindrom ; Multiple Trichoepitheliome ; Immunhistochemie ; Key words Multiple eccrine spiradenomata ; Dermal cylindroma ; Multiple trichoepitheliomata ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A case of multiple eccrine spiradenomata is reported. One of the tumours was histopathologically associated with dermal cylindroma, and immunohistochemical studies showed that the cylindroma cells differentiate towards the secreting portion of the eccrine sweat gland. The relationship among multiple eccrine spiradenomata, dermal cylindroma and multiple trichoepitheliomata is discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird über eine 46jährige Patientin mit multiplen ekkrinen Spiradenomen berichtet. Es zeigte sich hierbei histopathologisch die Assoziation mit einem dermalen Zylindrom. Immunhistochemisch zeigte das Zylindrom eine Differenzierung in Richtung auf den sezernierenden Teil der ekkrinen Schweißdrüsen. Der Zusammenhang zwischen multiplen ekkrinen Spiradenomen und dermalen Zylindromen sowie multiplen Trichoepitheliomen wird besprochen.
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 104 (1995), S. 177-190 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Neuropeptides ; Basal ganglia ; Immunohistochemistry ; Haloperidol ; Monkey
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In order to further investigate the neurochemical anatomy of the primate nucleus accumbens (NAC), the distributions of the neuropeptides leucine-enkephalin (Leu-ENK), neurotensin (NT), and substance P (SP) and of haloperidol-induced c-fos expression were investigated in the macaque monkey using immunohistochemical methods. To define the boundaries of the NAC, dopamine (DA) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunohistochemistry was performed. In addition, to formulate the distinction between subdivisions of the nucleus accumbens, immunohistochemistry for calbindin-D28 (CBD) and SP was employed. In general, the medial part of NAC, which consisted of small to medium-sized cells, was low for CBD immunoreactivity and moderate to high for SP immunoreactivities, while the dorsolateral part, which was composed of small cells, showed the opposite pattern of immunostaining for CBD and SP. Many Leu-ENK-immunoreactive perikarya were observed in the dorsal NAC at its middle and caudal levels. There were moderate densities of Leu-ENK-positive fibers throughout the medial part of the NAC. At the dorsolateral margin of the NAC, Leu-ENK-positive fibers formed patches. Most NT-positive perikarya were found in the dorsolateral subdivision. SP-positive perikarya were scarce in the NAC. Dense distribution of NT-and SP-containing fibers or puncta were observed in the mediodorsal part (medial subdivision), where a dense field of DA-immunoreactive fibers was observed. The ventral part (ventral subdivision) contained moderate numbers of NT- and SP-immunoreactive fibers. Haloperidol-induced c-fos expression was very extensive in the medial half of NAC, particularly in the mediodorsal region, which overlapped with the DA- and peptide-rich region. The present study indicates that the NAC of the primate can be subdivided into at least three subterritories, the dorsolateral, medial and ventral subdivision, by neuropeptide histochemistry as well as by the response of its constituent neurons to haloperidol.
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 104 (1995), S. 207-217 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Nitric oxide synthase ; Retina ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat ; Rabbit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The distribution of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) immunoreactivity was examined in rat and rabbit retinas and was compared with the distribution of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-diaphorase reactivity and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) immunoreactivity. An antibody raised against a C-terminal fragment of a cloned rat cerebellar NOS was used to localise NOS immunoreactivity. NOS immunoreactive cells were not detected in rat retinas at postnatal day 1 or 4, but were seen from postnatal day 7 onwards. NOS immunolabelling was seen in a small population of cells in the proximal inner nuclear layer. Most of the labelled cells had the position of amacrine cells and were seen to send processes into the inner plexiform layer. A few labelled cells were at times also seen in the ganglion cell layer, which are likely to correspond to displaced amacrine cells. The same NOS-labelling pattern was seen in rat and rabbit retinas. NADPH-diaphorase staining was observed in both species, in photoreceptor inner segments, in cells with the position of horizontal cells, in a subset of amacrine and displaced amacrine cells, in large cell bodies in the ganglion cell layer, in both plexiform layers, and in endothelium. Colocalisation of NOS immunoreactivity and NADPH-diaphorase staining was only observed among amacrine cells. However, not all NADPH-diaphorase-reactive amacrine cells were found to be NOS immunoreactive. VIP immunoreactivity was also localised in rat retinas in a subpopulation of amacrine cells, but no colocalisation of NOS and VIP immunoreactivity was observed. Our observations indicate that only amacrine cells contain the NOS form recognisable by the antibody used, and suggest that different isoforms of neuronal NOS may be present in retinal cells. Further, the onset of NOS expression in rat amacrine cells appears to occur independently of neuronal activity.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 107 (1995), S. 9-16 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Sympathetic preganglionic neurons ; Oxytocin ; Cholera toxin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A combination of retrograde cell body labeling and immunohistochemistry was employed to elucidate how oxytocinergic fibers make contact with sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPNs) in the rat spinal cord from T1 to T4. SPNs were labeled retrogradely using cholera toxin subunit B (CTb) or horseradish peroxidase-conjugated CTb. Oxytocin-immunoreactive (ir) fibers were found in the intermediate zone, including the sympathetic preganglionic subnuclei. In the central autonomie nucleus and the intercalated nucleus, brown-stained oxytocin-ir varicosities or terminals were frequently observed to stud black-stained dendrites of SPNs. Electron microscopical observations showed that oxytocin-ir terminals form synapses with dendrites or soma of the sympathetic preganglionic neurons. The terminals contained numerous small clear round vesicles and a few large, cored vesicles. These results clearly show that a large proportion of SPNs are innervated by oxytocin-containing fibers. The origin of these fibers is discussed, and it is concluded that they are probably descending fibers from the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus.
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Platelet-derived growth factor ; Receptors ; Facial nerve ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We investigated the expression of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and its receptors in rat facial nuclei following axotomy by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Facial nuclei were examined on days 3, 6, 12, 19 and 26 postoperatively (p.o.). Strong immunoreactivity for PDGF was found in facial neurons and surrounding astrocytes on the ipsilateral side of the brainstem already after 3 days p.o. and persisted at a high level until day 26 p.o. in rats with a facial nerve cut injury. After crushing of the facial nerve, a similar increase was seen in PDGF immunoreactivity which, however, decreased after day 19 p.o., when reinnervation had occurred. Reactive gliosis appeared on the operated side and was confirmed by an increase in intensity of GFAP staining. The kinetics of PDGF A-chain mRNA expression corresponded to the PDGF immunoreactivity, whereas the B-chain mRNA was present only in the neurons. The PDGF α-receptor immunoreactivity as well as the mRNA were detected in scattered glial cells. The density of the PDGF α-receptor mRNA expressing glial cells was higher on the injured side, but the intensity of the expression per cell did not change after axotomy. An increase in PDGF β-receptor immunoreactivity was seen in the ipsilateral facial nuclei after 3–6 days p.o., however, the increase in the mRNA could not be detected. The staining persisted until day 26 p.o., when transected facial neurons showed heavier staining than those that had been crushed. Furthermore, both mRNA and protein of the β-receptor were expressed in the blood vessels after 3–6 days p.o., increasing with time. These results imply a role for PDGF in the regeneration process following nerve injury.
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Keywords: Rhabdomyosarcoma ; Enzyme immunoassay ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Four proteins, the α-subunit of S100 protein (S100-α), carbonic anhydrase III (CA-III), the β-subunit of enolase (EN-β), and the M-subunit of creatine kinase (CK-M), are characteristic of skeletal muscle tissue or components. Histochemical studies of human skeletal muscle fibers have shown that S100-α and CA-III are localized in type 1 fibers, EN-β in type 2 fibers, and CK-M in both fibers. These four proteins were evaluated as markers for rhabdomyosarcoma by enzyme immunoassay and immunohistochemistry. Concentrations of EN-β and CK-M were significantly higher in rhabdomyosarcoma than in neuroblastoma or Wilms' tumor. Staining for S100-α and CA-III was limited to tumor cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm in most rhabdomyosarcomas. EN-β and CK-M staining was also found in several small, round and short, spindle-shaped tumor cells. S100-α, CA-III, EN-β, and CK-M were demonstrated immunohistochemically in 4 (27%), 7 (47%), 14 (93%), and 12 (80%) of 15 rhabdomyosarcomas, respectively. Our results indicate that EN-β is the most useful marker among the four proteins for diagnosing rhabdomyosarcoma.
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  • 16
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Lymphoma ; Hodgkin's disease ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Immunohistochemistry ; Histological classification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Ninety-one Hodgkin's lymphomas (HD), 52 non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) and 33 specimens of non-neoplastic lymphatic tissues were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of the bcl-2/JH gene rearrangement. The majority of the HD cases were drawn from the files of the German Hodgkin trial where diagnoses are established by a panel of four independent histopathologists. Using the very sensitive PCR method which detected 1 positive among 10000 negative cells, the bcl-2/JH gene rearrangement was found in 7/52 NHL and 3/16 tonsils with follicular hyperplasia, but in none of the 91 HD. The bcl-2 protein, however, was expressed by malignant cells of B and T cell lymphomas and by the giant tumour cells in 2/13 HD lymphocyte predominant, 11/28 HD nodular sclerosing I, 14/17 HD nodular sclerosing II, 10/27 HD mixed cellularity and 3/3 HD lymphocyte depleted. The bcl-2/JH rearrangement is thus independent of protein over-expression, the latter being found in all types of lymphomas. Our results do not confirm the findings of others who have detected the bcl-2/JH rearrangement in HD. These discrepancies may be explained by differences in choice of material, the gene rearrangement actually occuring in bystander cells but not in Reed-Sternberg or Hodgkin cells, or by contamination.
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  • 17
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Gastric cancer ; p53 tumour-suppressor gene ; Mutation spectrum ; Dietary mutagens ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The p53 tumour-suppressor gene plays an important role in gastric carcinogenesis. In an analysis of the spectrum of mutations of the p53 gene seen in 56 primary gastric carcinomas of various types and grades of differentiation, the entire coding sequence (exons 2–11) of the p53 gene was screened by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis and direct genomic sequencing of polymerase chain reaction products. Intragenic restriction site polymorphisms and the probe YNZ22 were used for the detection of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the p53 gene locus on chromosome 17p. p53 overexpression was studied with the anti-p53 antibody CM-1. A total of 21 somatic alterations of the p53 gene were found. Twenty were base-pair substitutions, and one was an eight base-pair deletion. Six tumours with p53 mutations revealed LOH. Abnormalities in p53 expression were found in 17 tumour samples, of which 16 had gene mutations. The spectrum of mutations observed was consistent with the predicted spectrum for dietary mutagens associated with the metabolism of nitrogenous compounds, resulting in deamination of nucleic acids. Our findings suggest that p53 could be a primary target for mutations associated with dietary carcinogens in gastric carcinogenesis.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 426 (1995), S. 457-460 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Endocervix ; Uterine stromal tissues
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract CD34 is a myeloid progenitor cell antigen present in endothelial cells and some other mesenchymal cells, including perivascular and periadnexal dermal fibroblasts. It was evaluated immunohistochemically in uterine stromal tissue and in 4 aggressive angiomyxomas and 6 endometrial stromal sarcomas with potentially related and similar stromal tissues. The stromal cells in normal endocervix and endocervical polyps were strongly CD34 positive irrespective of the cycle phase, and negative for muscle actins. Ectocervical stroma was variably but generally less CD34 reactive. In the endometrium, the CD34 reactivity was limited to the stromal cells of the basal endometrium and was found only in 4 of 20 from proliferative endometria and 1 of 8 from secretory endometria. The uterine cervical and myometrial smooth muscle tissues showed CD34 positive cells only between the muscle bundles and around the vessels. In pelvic aggressive angiomyxomas and endometrial stromal sarcomas the tumour cells were CD34 negative and only the vascular endothelial cells were positive. Endothelial cell-specific antigen, CD31, was identified only in endothelial cells and was not present in the endocervical stroma. These results illustrate the particular immunohistochemical profile of endocervical stromal tissue, namely the strong CD34 expression. The CD34 reactivity of the endocervical tissues should be noted and not confused with neoplasms known to be strongly CD34 positive, such as angiosarcomas, Kaposi's sarcomas and some other spindle cell sarcomas.
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  • 19
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Adult Niemann-Pick disease ; Generalized AL-amyloidosis ; Progressive liver failure ; Fibroblast culture ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a case in which an adult form of Niemann-Pick disease (type B of NPD) was associated with a rapidly progressive generalized AL amyloidosis of kappa type. Both diagnosis were made by biopsy, the NPD by bone marrow biopsy and fibroblast culture, the amyloidosis by liver biopsy. Malignant non-Hodgkin lymphoma was not found. The patient, a 67-year-old woman, died from hepatic coma subsequent to a progressive liver failure. We discuss possible relations between the lysosomal storage disease and the development and rapid progression of amyloidosis.
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  • 20
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: p53 ; Ki-ras ; Gastric carcinoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformational polymorphism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract With the aim of detecting the timing of p53 and Ki-ras gene alterations in the gastric adenoma-carcinoma sequence, 19 early gastric adenocarcinomas arising from adenomas were studied. Immunohistochemically, 5 adenocarcinomas were positive for p53; 3 focally and 2 diffusely. The p53 point mutations were detected in a focal area with p53 immunoreactivity in 2 of the 5 p53-positive adenocarcinomas. This indicated that p53 point mutations may play a less crucial part in malignant conversion of adenoma to adenocarcinoma in the stomach than in the colon. No Ki-ras gene mutations at codons 12 and 13 were detected in any lesion. These results suggest that the adenoma-carcinoma sequence in the stomach has a different mechanism from that in the colon.
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  • 21
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Langerhans cell ; Histiocytosis ; Human ; Immunohistochemistry ; GM-CSF receptor ; CDw116
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Langerhans' cell histiocytosis (LCH) is characterized by the proliferation of large mononucleated cells containing Birbeck granules and expressing CD1a. Recent studies have demonstrated that LCH is a clonal proliferation; however, its aetiology is still unknown. Growth and differentiation of bone-marrow-derived cells are controlled by cytokines. The proliferation, differentiation and activation of normal Langerhans cells are controlled by granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in vitro. Therefore, GM-CSF could be implicated in the pathogenesis of LCH. Indeed, LCH cells contain GM-CSF, and children with disseminated LCH have an elevated GM-CSF serum level. As a cytokine only acts on cells expressing a specific receptor, we investigated the presence of GM-CSF receptor on LCH cells. Fourteen frozen tissue samples from children with LCH were studied by in situ immunohistochemistry with two mouse monoclonal antibodies specific for the α chain of the GM-CSF receptor (CDw116). LCH cells of all the samples were positively stained with both antibodies. This study suggests that GM-CSF may be a growth factor for LCH cells.
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  • 22
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; nm23/NDP kinase ; Cathepsin D ; Medullary thyroid carcinoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Reduced expression of nm23/NDP kinase and increased expression of cathepsin D seem to be correlated with the high metastatic potential in a variety of malignancies. The expression of nm23/NDP kinase and that of cathepsin D have been evaluated by means of an immunohistochemical technique in paraffin-embedded tissues from 44 primary medullary carcinomas of the thyroid gland (MCT) and from the corresponding lymph node metastases in 32 of these cases. In addition, lymph node metastases from 4 cases were studied. We found that 36 of 44 (82%) primary and 26 of 36 (72%) lymph node metastatic MCT were nm23/NDP kinase positive, whereas 14 of the 44 (32%) primary and 17 of the 36 (47%) lymph node metastatic MCT were cathepsin D positive. We found no indication that the nm23/NDP kinase level has any prognostic significance in MCT. The cathepsin D level is close to being prognostically significant in this study, and we cannot exclude the possibility that it could be of prognostic value. However, it seems to be quite weak, and therefore of little use in a clinical situation.
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  • 23
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Bromodeoxyuridine ; Flow cytometry ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ki67 antigen ; Proliferating cell nuclear antigen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In a series of 44 bronchial biopsies from patients suspected of having endobronchial lung carcinoma, the validity of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki67 antigen as proliferative indicators was evaluated in ethanol fixed, paraffin embedded tissue. The percentages of cells positive for these markers were compared to the in vivo bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labelling index. A good correlation was found between PCNA immunoreactivity and BrdU labelling index, while Ki67-antigen expression showed a significant relation with BrdU labelling index and with PCNA expression. All three parameters showed a trend towards similar values for the individual cases. Based on the fact that Ki67 antigen is expressed in all cycling cells, whereas replicon-associated PCNA and BrdU only reflect the S-phase fraction, the differences between Ki67-antigen scores on the one hand and BrdU and PCNA scores on the other were smaller than expected. In order to determine the degree of concordance between immunohistochemically and flow cytometrically detected proliferation variables, BrdU incorporation was measured using both methods in duplicate bronchial specimens. Discrepancies in labelling indices were observed predominantly in DNA diploid samples, with consistently lower values in the flow cytometrically analysed specimens. In tumour specimens with an aneuploid DNA content, flow cytometric determination of proliferative activity yielded results similar to those obtained by tissue section examination. We conclude that the scores for PCNA and Ki67 antigen, immunohistochemically detected in ethanol fixed, paraffin embedded tissue reflect functional proliferative activity.
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
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    Virchows Archiv 426 (1995), S. 69-76 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Phosphoprotein B-50 (growth-associated protein GAP-43) ; N-CAM ; Vimentin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Human skeletal muscle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The growth-associated protein B-50, also termed GAP-43, is a membrane-bound phosphoprotein that is expressed in neurons. It is particularly abundant during periods of axonal outgrowth in development and regeneration of the central and peripheral nervous system. In this paper we study the expression of B-50 in inflammatory and dystrophic myopathies. To investigate the state of regeneration, N-CAM and vimentin serial sections were performed, because N-CAM and cytoskeletal protein vimentin are excellent markers for regenerating muscle. Light-microscopic evaluation showed that muscle fiber regeneration in myopathies corresponds closely to B-50 immunoreactivity in satellite cells, myoblasts, myotubes and small regenerating myocytes in cytoplasmatic distribution. In normal muscle and in biopsies of neurogenic muscular atrophy, however, no light-microscopically demonstrable B-50 staining was found. B-50 in muscles apparently plays a role in the growth morphology of regenerating myocytes, and the phosphoprotein B-50 can no longer be regarded as a neuron-specific molecule.
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  • 25
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Ito cell ; Fulminant hepatitis ; Postnecrotic fibrosis ; α-Smooth muscle actin ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To examine the relationship of Ito cells to postnecrotic liver fibrosis, liver specimens, obtained at autopsy from 17 patients with acute massive necrosis (AMN) and acute submassive hepatic necrosis (ASMN), were examined immunohistochemically. In normal adult livers, Ito cells positive for α-smooth muscle actin isoform (ASMA) were rarely seen, scattered along hepatic sinusoids. In contrast, in AMN the Ito cells in necrotic areas became strongly positive for ASMA. They were swollen with elongated cytoplasmic processes along collapsed sinusoidal walls. Around these ASMA-positive Ito cells, there were numerous infiltrated macrophages and lymphocytes present. There was no significant alteration of fibroblasts in the portal tracts. In the middle and late stages of ASMN, the spindle-shaped ASMA-positive Ito cells formed a continuous cellular network. New fibre formation was predominantly around them. In this immediate postnecrotic fibrosis, ASMA-positive stromal cells of Ito cell origin were distributed irregularly and were closely associated with reticulin and newly-formed collagen fibres. Regenerative nodules were surrounded by dense layers of ASMA-positive stromal cells. Throughout the stages of ASMN, portal fibroblasts remained negative for ASMA. We believe that Ito cells in necrotic areas show myofibroblastic transformation and play a central role in the postnecrotic liver fibrosis. Portal fibroblasts play no significant part in this type of fibrosis.
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  • 26
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    Virchows Archiv 426 (1995), S. 523-528 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Von Hippel-Lindau disease ; Neuroendocrine tumour ; Electron microscopy ; Flow cytometry ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 21-year-old woman with a family history of von Hippel-Lindau disease presented with a mass in the head of the pancreas. Light microscopic features of the tumour suggested neuroendocrine differentiation and although it displayed positive immunostaining for the antigens expected in a neuroendocrine neoplasm, S-100 staining was also present. This unusual feature prompted further evaluation by routine and post-embedding protein-A gold immunoelectron microscopy, which demonstrated the presence of neuroendocrine granules. Tumour cell DNA content was normal by flow cytometry. Although this patient exhibited no other signs of von Hippel-Lindau disease, the presence of a pancreatic tumour with neuroendocrine differentiation demonstrated that she was affected. Future surveillance and genetic counselling will be influenced by this diagnosis.
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  • 27
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    Virchows Archiv 426 (1995), S. 571-575 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Retinoblastoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rb protein ; p53
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The immunohistochemical features of 24 retinoblastoma specimens from 22 patients, 15 with unilateral and 7 with bilateral disease, were examined by the labelled streptavidin biotin (LSAB) method and compared with those of specimens from the remaining morphologically normal retina. In the normal retina, S-100 protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin were detected in astrocytes and/or Müller cells. Neurofilament protein was seen in axons of the ganglion cells, synaptophysin was present in both plexiform layers, bcl-2 oncoprotein was seen in ganglion cells and bipolar cells, and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) was detected in ganglion cells, bipolar cells and photoreceptor cells and in their cell processes. While retinoblastoma (Rb) protein expression was noted in ganglion cells, bipolar cells, and some photoreceptor cells, p53 protein was not expressed at all. In all retinoblastomas, strong NSE expression and weak bcl-2 expression was observed in almost all tumour cells and synaptophysin was localized in rosette-forming cells, while tumour cells were devoid of S-100, GFAP, vimentin and neurofilament protein. These findings support the view that retinoblastomas are composed of neuron-committed cells. In addition, no Rb protein expression was detected in retinoblastomas, whereas p53 expression was found in 18 cases (75%).
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  • 28
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    Virchows Archiv 427 (1995), S. 229-241 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: p53 ; Immunohistochemistry ; Human tumours
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract p53 aberrations are the most common genetic alteration found in human tumours and this review summarizes the current understanding of the clinical significance of p53 abnormalities. Immunohistochemical and molecular techniques can demonstrate alterations at the protein and gene level, respectively, but with a significant discordance between the findings of either technique. The tumours evaluated in this review include cancers of the breast, lung, gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary tract, and others. In most cases, only data on p53 protein are available and in each of these tumour types discrepant conclusions on the clinical value of p53 abnormalities as prognostic indicators have been reached. The role of p53 in the context of anticancer adjuvant therapy has also been analysed. Experimental data suggest that p53 affects the apoptotic response to anticancer agents, but this has not yet been proven in a clinical series where this demonstration and its effect on therapy could represent one of the most important endpoints in p53 clinical research. The use of standardized techniques to evaluate p53 gene mutation and protein accumulation within controlled clinical series of patients entering prospective trials is essential to answer the many remaining questions on the clinical significance of p53 aberrations.
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  • 29
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: c-KIT ; Immunohistochemistry ; Malignant transformation ; Melanocyte ; SCF
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In order to characterise the distribution and role of stem cell factor (SCF), a recently-reported growth factor for normal melanocytes, we carried out an immunohistochemical study on benign and malignant melanocytic tumours with a comparison with the presence of its receptor c-Kit proto-oncogene product (c-KIT). In normal skin, SCF was mainly observed in endothelial cells of blood vessels but not frequently in basal melanocytes, whereas c-KIT was predominantly localised in tissue mast cells. In benign neoplastic melanocytes (common melanocytic naevi), localisation of SCF and c-KIT was complementary: SCF was mostly found in dermal naevus cells while c-KIT was revealed in epidermal naevus cells, although the expression of the latter antigen was not frequent. Malignant melanoma cells showed less frequent expression of these antigens than those in benign lesions. Of five cultured melanoma cell lines, SCF was observed in only one, and c-KIT was not found in any melanoma cells. No quantitative or qualitative alterations assessed by Western blot analysis were induced in the presence of phenotypic modifiers (sodium butyrate and HMBA). Present data suggest that loss of SCF expression in neoplastic melanocytes is commonly associated with malignant transformation of pigment cells rather than loss of its receptor c-KIT.
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  • 30
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Myolipoma ; Soft tissue ; Round ligament ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Tumours consisting of a mixture of mature adipose and smooth muscle tissues, including those designated lipoleiomyomas, fibrolipoleiomyomas and myolipomas, are exceedingly rare, but most often occur in the uterine corpus. We describe here a case of such a tumour arising in the right round ligament of a 44-year-old woman. The tumour, which measured approximately 20×15×10 cm, was well encapsulated and did not involve the intrapelvic organs. Intricate mixtures of adult adipose tissue and bland smooth muscle exhibited no cellular atypia or nuclear mitotic figures, and there was little vascular proliferation. We diagnosed the lesion as a myolipoma of soft tissue with dual differentiation, and have found only 13 cases of this tumour including our own in the English literature. The present tumour is the first reported in the round ligament. Although this tumour is rare, its recognition is important for the avoidance of erroneous diagnoses.
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  • 31
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: CYP2E1 ; Immunohistochemistry ; Pulmonary carcinoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) is a major xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme but data concerning its extrahepatic expression are few. CYP2E1 can metabolically activate many procarcinogens and therefore its presence in the lung might play a role in bioactivation of procarcinogens, so we studied the expression and localization of CYP2E1 in primary pulmonary carcinomas and surrounding normal bronchial tissue from 28 patients. Seromucous glands showed expression of CYP2E1 in 19 and bronchial epithelium in 18 of the 28 samples of normal bronchial tissue. Thirteen of the corresponding cases of primary pulmonary carcinoma showed staining for CYP2E1. In 11 of these 13 cases, CYP2E1 was also present in normal bronchial tissue. There was no statistically significant difference in the expression of CYP2E1 between adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas. No association was observed between the expression of CYP2E1 in tumour tissue and normal bronchial tissue. However, there was a significant correlation between the expression of CYP2E1 in seromucous glands and bronchial epithelium (r=0.61, P〈0.01) of normal tissue. We conclude that CYP2E1 can be present in both normal and neoplastic bronchial tissue.
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  • 32
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Nm23/NDP kinase ; Gallbladder carcinoma ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The expression of nm23, the product of a candidate suppressor gene for tumour metastasis, was examined immunohistochemically in human gallbladder carcinomas and compared with clinicopathological features. Seventy-eight (72%) of 107 carcinomas expressed nm23 protein regardless of histological type, while non-neoplastic mucosa occasionally showed very weak immunoreactivity to nm23. No obvious correlation was observed between nm23 protein expression and depth of tumour invasion or tumour stage. The expression of nm23 protein was detected in 60% and 74% of the cases with and without lymph node metastasis, respectively, indicating no relationship to metastatic ability. Fifty-eight percent of the cases showed reduction of nm23 immunoreactivity in tumour cells invading the stroma at the border of tumour cell nests compared with cells at the centre of the tumour. Only 7% of the cases showed increased nm23 expression in tumour cells at the border. These results suggest that in gallbladder carcinoma decreased expression of nm23 may not have implications for metastasis but may play a part in local invasion.
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  • 33
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Testicular neoplasms ; Testicular carcinoma in situ (CIS) ; Globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Changes in the cell membrane glycolipid composition and metabolism are frequently associated with carcinogenesis. The accumulation of globo-series glycolipids is the most notable change of the germ cell glycolipid composition observed in testicular tumours. In this study, the expression of the globo-series core-structure, globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) was investigated in the preinvasive stage of testicular germ cell tumours, carcinoma in situ (CIS). Seventeen tissue specimens with CIS and 12 samples of overt testicular tumours were immunostained with anti-Gb3 monoclonal antibody 38-13. The accumulation of Gb3 was detected in 12 CIS samples (70.6%) and in 8 invasive tumour samples (66.7%), including seminoma, non-seminoma and a combined germ cell tumour. Our findings indicate that the composition of glycolipids shift at the common preinvasive stage of testicular germ cell tumours and confirm that Gb3 is a tumour-associated antigen of testicular germ cell neoplasia.
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  • 34
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Chromogranin A ; Chromogranin B ; Secretogranin II ; Secretoneurin ; Neuroendocrine tumours ; Gastrointestinal tract ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate immunohistochemically the distribution of chromogranin A, chromogranin B, and secretogranin II in a series of 152 neuroendocrine tumours of the gastrointestinal tract. Tumour tissues from 25 argyrophil gastric carcinoids, 18 gastrin and 5 somatostatin-producing tumours, 4 ‘gangliocytic paragangliomas’, 49 classical argentaffin and 2 L cell appendiceal carcinoids, 27 classical ileal carcinoids, 17 rectal carcinoids, and 5 poorly differentiated neuroendocrine tumours of the stomach and rectum were immunostained with antibodies against chromogranin A, chromogranin B, and secretogranin II. Chromogranin A was the major granin expressed in gastric carcinoids and in serotonin-producing carcinoids of the appendix and the ileum. In contrast, strong chromogranin B and secretogranin II immunoreactivity was found in rectal carcinoids, in which chromogranin A was rarely expressed. Since chromogranin A is a widely used marker for neuroendocrine differentiation, it is of diagnostic importance that some gastrin-producing tumours, ‘gangliocytic paragangliomas’, poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas, and appendiceal L cell carcinoids completely lacked chromogranin A positivity. It is concluded that the various neuroendocrine tumours of the gastrointestinal tract show distinctly different patterns of granin expression, probably reflecting their histogenetical origin.
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  • 35
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Kidney tumours ; Tumour suppressor gene ; Immunohistochemistry ; SSCP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract P53 tumour suppressor gene expression was estimated immunohistochemically using DO-1 monoclonal antibody (recognising both wild-type and mutant p53) in 88 human renal tumours. Single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of possible mutations within exons 4–8 of the p53 gene was performed in 29 of the tumours (mostly immunostaining-positive cases). Obviously elevated p53 content was detected with DO-1 antibody in chromophobic cell carcinomas and most clear/chromophilic cell tumours (in chromophilic cell populations). In contrast, clear cell carcinomas demonstrated either complete absence of p53 expression or the presence of single immunopositive nuclei. Oncocytomas were completely negative. Additional immunostaining of the positive samples with mutant p53-specific Pab240 monoclonal antibody failed to detect immunopositive material. No p53 mutation was found in any of the samples analysed by SSCP. Our results suggest that the elevated p53 content in human renal cell carcinomas does not result from gene mutation and that p53 gene alterations are probably not an important mechanism in the development of human renal cell carcinomas. Accumulation of the wild-type p53 protein may be a useful prognostic marker indicating neoplastic progression and malignancy.
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  • 36
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Cathepsin D ; pS2 ; Heat shock protein 27 ; Immunohistochemistry ; Breast cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Determination of steroid receptors and several oestrogen-regulated proteins in mammary carcinomas is useful in the prediction of their evolution and of the likely success of endocrine therapy. Cathepsin D (Cat D), pS2 peptide and heat shock protein 27 (Hsp 27) were detected immunohistochemically in 63 infiltrating ductal (NOS) breast carcinomas, and our results were qualitatively correlated with several clinicopathological indicators and patients' overall survival. Cat D immunostaining of tumour cells was strongly associated with axillary nodal involvement (P f=0.0005) and so, it is directly connected with the metastatic capacity of malignant cells. pS2 immunoreactivity was correlated with oestrogen and progesterone receptor positivity (P f=0.0009 and P f=0.05 respectively) and, nonsignificantly, with good differentiation of the tumours (P f=0.06). Neoplastic cells expressing this protein are therefore characterised by a highly organised state of cellular physiology. Hsp 27 was expressed predominantly in tumours with one to four infiltrated lymph nodes (P t=0.05), and Hsp 27-positive patients were inclined to rather short survival, possibly due to chemotherapy resistance. In future, prognostic estimation of each one of the examined markers should be performed in specific large subgroups of patients. The findings of this study contribute to the establishment of criteria by which these subgroups should be formed.
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  • 37
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    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 252 (1995), S. 229-235 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Larynx ; Neuroendocrine carcinoma ; Carcinoid tumor ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Carcinoid tumors belong to the group of neuroendocrine tumors of epithelial origin, i.e., neuroendocrine carcinomas. These neoplasms usually occur in the gastrointestinal tract or bronchial system but are very rare neoplasms in the larynx. Since carcinoid tumors in this latter site may appear to be undifferentiated by light microscopy, they may possibly be misinterpreted and their neuroendocrine characteristics may remain unrecognized. Using immunohistochemical methods, three carcinoid tumors were studied and showed positive immunostaining for markers of epithelial origin (cytokeratins, epithelial membrane antigen, carcino-embryonic antigen) and, in particular, for markers of neuroendocrine differentiation (chromogranin, synaptophysin, neuron-specific enolase). All tumors expressed calcitonin-, serotonin- and adrenocorticotropic-hormone-like immunoreactivity. In contrast, three poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas showed positive immunostaining for epithelial markers but did not show any immunoreactivity with markers of endocrine characteristics. Fine structurally, carcinoid tumor cells contained neurosecretory-type granules scattered throughout the cytoplasm. The present study demonstrated that (1) carcinoid tumors of the larynx possess distinct immunohistochemical characteristics that allow a clear classification, (2) it is advisable to use a battery of primary antibodies rather than rely on specificity and sensitivity of a single marker to establish diagnosis and (3) the fine structural demonstration of neurosecretory-type granules serves as a reliable adjunct to diagnosis.
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  • 38
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    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 252 (1995), S. 48-52 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Tegafur ; Bromodeoxyuridine ; Proliferating cell nuclear antigen ; Immunohistochemistry ; Cell mitoses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Olfactory disturbances induced by the anticancer drug tegafur were studied in separate clinical and experimental investigations. Five patients with olfactory dysfunction after tegafur were studied and were found to have normal endoscopic findings of the olfactory cleft mucosa. The average period for drug administration was 22 months. Recovery from the olfactory disturbance was poor and biopsy of the olfactory mucosa revealed severely degenerated epithelium. In experimental studies in a guinea pig animal model, effects of oral tegafur on mitotic cells in the olfactory epithelium were examined using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) uptake as index. At the conclusion of 3 weeks' treatment, no pronounced morphological changes were seen, but the number of BrdU-incorporating cells decreased in proportion to the dose of tegafur used. Following long-term administration of tegafur 18 months, mitotic cells reacting to BrdU or proliferating cell nuclear antigen had virtually disappeared, indicating persistent inhibition of mitotic cell activity. Morphological changes present included decreased olfactory cell numbers, loss of cells in areas just above basal cells and degeneration of the mucous layer.
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  • 39
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Cobalt staining ; Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ; Immunohistochemistry ; Insect ; Neuromodulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The two Protocerebral-Medulla 4 neurons (PM4a and b) in the locust brain have adjacent cell bodies in the medial deutocerebrum. They project through the posterior protocerebrum, forming limited arborisations en route, and enter the lobula and medulla of the ipsilateral optic lobe, where they form extensive, overlapping arborisations. The PM4a and b neurons are octopamine immunoreactive. Their octopamine content (approximately 25 pg per cell) is confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; each cell contains approximately 25 pg p-octopamine. Simultaneous intracellular recording from exposed PM4a and b cell bodies reveals that the two cells are physiologically indistinguishable. They receive multimodal sensory inputs. Tactile/mechanosensory stimuli to much of the animal's body and head, acoustic stimuli, and simple visual stimuli all give rise to e.p.s.p.s and action potentials in the PM4 cell body. Simultaneous recording from the cell body in the deutocerebrum and the axon in the lobula demonstrates that action potentials are predominantly initiated in the deutocerebrum and propagate centrifugally, towards the optic lobe. Occasionally, bright light flashes will initiate an action potential in the axon in the optic stalk, which probably propagates bidirectionally: centripetally to the cell body, and centrifugally into the optic lobe. The extensive arborisations in the lobula and medulla are therefore likely to be sites of octopamine release. Because PM4 neurons are octopaminergic, project to the optic lobe, and receive modalities of sensory input known to dishabituate the Descending Contralateral Movement Detector (DCMD) visual interneuron, it is proposed that PM4 neurons are neuromodulatory — mediating dishabituation or arousal of the visual system.
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  • 40
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    Journal of comparative physiology 176 (1995), S. 425-435 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: FaRPs ; FMRFamide Nervous system Skeletal muscle ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract FMRFamide-related peptides of insects are particularly important because of their possible function as neurohormones and neuromodulators on a wide variety of tissues. Part of this study was an investigation of the immunofluorescent staining of motor nerves which arise in the metathoracic ganglion, examined in wholemount using an antiserum that recognizes extended -RFamide peptides (generally recognized to be of the FMRFamide family). This antiserum revealed immunochemical staining of numerous cell bodies in the metathoracic ganglion and of axons in peripheral nerve 5, a large nerve which contains both motor and sensory fibres. Axons staining positive for FMRFamide-related peptides were traced in nerve 5 as far as the femur-tibia joint, and into the first (sensory-motor) and third (motor only) ramus of nerve 5. Reverse-phase HPLC with radioimmunoassay revealed a peak of FMRFamide-related peptide activity in nerve 5 that was coincident with a peak found when thoracic ganglia were processed in the same fashion. A physiological assay was devised to test the ability of various non-native peptides to alter the characteristics of contraction of skeletal muscles of the legs. Using neurally evoked contractions of coxal depressor muscles of the metathoracic leg it was determined that several non-native peptides could potentiate muscle contractions. The results of this study suggest that muscles of the legs receive innervation by identifiable, FMRFamide-related peptide-containing neurons and that the release of peptide(s) at the muscle may be yet another method of modulating the mechanics of muscle contraction.
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  • 41
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Anti-carcinoembryonic antigen scintigraphy ; Medullary thyroid carcinoma ; Single-photon emission tomography ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Four patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) were examined using anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) scintigraphy. Two patients had positive and two normal scintigraphic findings, although all the patients had elevated blood test markers (calcitonin or CEA). One patient with clinical suspicion of MTC metastases had only a faintly positive anti-CEA image, although single-photon emission tomographic scanning was used to increase the sensitivity and resolution of the method. Therefore, digital image processing of the planar images was performed to obtain more detailed information. The analysis revealed distinct accumulation of the activity at the right side of the neck at 20 h post administration. The specificity of the antibody binding in the malignant cells was confirmed after surgery by immunohistochemical staining of the tumour specimens for CEA. Both conventional and confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed distinct positive staining, indicating that the results obtained from the anti-CEA scanning showed specific binding of the labelled antibody in the neoplastic tissue.
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  • 42
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: 1-1-2D ; Monoclonal antibody ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ovarian cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract 1-1-2D, a novel human monoclonal antibody (MAb) raised against cervical cancer, was examined for its immunohistochemical reactivity with ovarian cancer. Six of 10 ovarian cancer cell lines showed positive staining, while 3 of 5 cervical cancer cell lines were positive. Among tumor tissues, 15 of 18 (83%) ovarian serous cystadenocarcinomas and 10 of 12 (83%) ovarian clear cell adenocarcinomas were positive. We also performed immunohistochemical staining of the same cancer specimens with OC 125 and compared their reactivity. The frequency of positivity was similar, but the reactivity of the two MAbs was different. 1-1-2D stained the apical surface of the glandular epithelial cells and secretory products of the gland. On the other hand, OC 125 stained the cytoplasm as well as the plasma membrane of the glandular epithelial cells. These results suggest that 1-1-2D MAb recognizes a different antigen from that recognized by OC 125.
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  • 43
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: Key words: p53 ; Breast cancer ; Immunohistochemistry ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract.  In a retrospective study, 204 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded biopsies of primary breast carcinomas were tested immunohistochemically for the expression of p53 protein (PAb 1801). 38% of the carcinomas were positive with respect to p53. The expression of p53 correlated significantly with the loss of tumor differentiation (P = 0.013), but not with menopausal status, patients' age, tumor size, axillary lymph node involvement or hormone receptor status. The influence of p53 expression on prognosis was evaluated in 197 patients (T1–4 N0–2 M0, median observation time 72 months). Detection of p53 protein was associated with a significantly longer disease-free survival in node-positive women (P = 0.03). However, p53 protein did not prove to be a prognostic factor in node-negative patients. The results demonstrate the prognostic value of p53 expression in breast cancer which appears to be limited to patients with node-positive tumors.
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  • 44
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Peptide T ; Histological score ; Immunohistochemistry ; CD1+ dendritic cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Ten patients with plaque-type psoriasis were treated with 2 mg peptide T i.v. for 28 days. Six patients responded with a substantial clinical improvement. Sequential biopsies from skin lesions were taken before, during and after treatment. The histological score (defining the activity of the psoriasis), the epidermal thickness and the number of infiltrating dermal lymphocytes were all reduced in the six patients who responded to the treatment. An increase in the number of CD1+ dendritic cells was detected immunohistochemically in the epidermis of the responders. The nonresponders did not display any pronounced changes.
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  • 45
    ISSN: 1432-1750
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; l-arginine ; Nitric oxide ; Nonadrenergic noncholinergic nerve
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Bradykinin (10−8-10−5M) caused a concentration-dependent increase in cyclic GMP (cGMP) production in bovine tracheal smooth muscle in the absence of epithelium. The effect was calcium-dependent and was inhibited by pyrogallol (10 μM) and methylene blue (10 μM). The inhibition of pyrogallol was reversed by superoxide dismutase (100 Usnowml). Nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitors, N G-methyl-l-arginine (10–100 μM) and N G-nitro-l-arginine (10–100 μM) reduced cGMP accumulation induced by bradykinin in a concentration-dependent fashion, and the inhibition was reversed by l-arginine. Immunohistochemistry with a specific antibody against neuronal NO synthase from rat cerebellum showed positive staining localized in some nerve fibers. Bradykinin-induced cGMP accumulation appears to be related to the release of NO, part of which is probably synthesized in nonadrenergic noncholinergic nerve in bovine trachea.
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  • 46
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: p53 ; Breast cancer ; Immunohistochemistry ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In a retrospective study, 204 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded biopsies of primary breast carcinomas were tested immunohistochemically for the expression of p53 protein (PAb 1801). 38% of the carcinomas were positive with respect to p53. The expression of p53 correlated significantly with the loss of tumor differentiation (P = 0.013), but not with menopausal status, patients' age, tumor size, axillary lymph node involvement or hormone receptor status. The influence of p53 expression on prognosis was evaluated in 197 patients (T1–4 N0–2 M0, median observation time 72 months). Detection of p53 protein was associated with a significantly longer disease-free survival in node-positive women (P = 0.03). However, p53 protein did not prove to be a prognostic factor in node-negative patients. The results demonstrate the prognostic value of p53 expression in breast cancer which appears to be limited to patients with node-positive tumors.
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  • 47
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: Key words: 1-1-2 D ; Monoclonal antibody ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ovarian cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. 1-1-2 D, a novel human monoclonal antibody (MAb) raised against cervical cancer, was examined for its immunohistochemical reactivity with ovarian cancer. Six of 10 ovarian cancer cell lines showed positive staining, while 3 of 5 cervical cancer cell lines were positive. Among tumor tissues, 15 of 18 (83%) ovarian serous cystadenocarcinomas and 10 of 12 (83%) ovarian clear cell adenocarcinomas were positive. We also performed immunohistochemical staining of the same cancer specimens with OC 125 and compared their reactivity. The frequency of positivity was similar, but the reactivity of the two MAbs was different. 1-1-2 D stained the apical surface of the glandular epithelial cells and secretory products of the gland. On the other hand, OC 125 stained the cytoplasm as well as the plasma membrane of the glandular epithelial cells. These results suggest that 1-1-2 D MAb recognizes a different antigen from that recognized by OC 125.
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  • 48
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    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 258 (1995), S. 47-53 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: Key words: Malignant mixed Müllerian tumors (MMMT) ; Fallopian tube ; Homologous type ; Immunohistochemistry ; Chemotherapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Four out of 42 cases of primary tubal malignancy diagnosed in our histopathological laboratory were malignant mixed Müllerian tumors (MMMT). All four patients were postmenopausal with a mean age of 66.5 years at diagnosis. A correct preoperative diagnosis was made only in one case. Tumor staging (FIGO) revealed stage IIa, IIIc and IV. One patient died of postoperative pulmonary embolism, a second patient of an unknown cause five month after surgery and a third patient died of disease after 11 months with secondary deposits in pelvic peritoneum, omentum and paraaortic lymph nodes. The fourth patient is still alive. One patient received chemotherapy alone, one by radiation and chemotherapy and two patients by radiation alone. Tumor spread at the time of diagnosis and the residual tumor volume were the most important prognostic factors. All tumors were histologically the homologous type of MMMT (carcinosarcomas). No heterologous elements were found. Metastatic tumors showed only sarcomatous elements.
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  • 49
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    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 121 (1995), S. 667-673 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: nm23 protein ; Malignant bone tumors ; Osteosarcoma ; Chondrosarcoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Metastasis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Expression levels of nm23 protein in 72 malignant bone tumors comprising 41 osteosarcomas, 22 chondrosarcomas, 6 Ewing's sarcomas, and 2 malignant fibrous histiocytomas were examined immunohistochemically, using anti-nm23 protein polyclonal antibody, and compared with 51 cases of benign bone tumors or tumor-like lesions. Malignant bone tumors showed significantly higher nm23 protein expression than benign bone tumors or tumor-like lesions (P〈0.0001). In chondrosarcoma, nm23 expression increased in high-grade tumors (grade I versus grade II and III:P=0.0229). In the cases of osteosarcoma, however, grade IV osteosarcomas showed decreased expression of nm23 compared with grade III tumors (P=0.0122). There was no significant relationship between nm23 expression and histological type. nm23 expression had no correlation with metastatic potential in osteosarcoma, although the therapy was not uniform in our cases. Furthermore, in 6 cases of osteosarcoma and 1 case of Ewing's sarcoma, there was no clear tendency for a decrease of nm23 in the metastatic sites compared with primary sites, as reported in breast cancer. These results showed that, in contrast to reports on breast cancer and experimental models, nm23 protein expression in human bone tumors may be associated with malignant potentiality, except in cases of osteosarcoma.
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  • 50
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Chordoma ; Ploidy ; Silver nucleolar ; organizing region ; Pathology ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Chordomas are slow growing malignant neoplasms with a prolonged clinical course which do not usually metastasize. They are histologically benign, locally invasive and often recur following resection. Survival has been shown to vary widely and prognostic indicators have been difficult to identify. Cellularity, mitotic activity and cellular pleomorphism have not been found to have prognostic significance. Thirty-six cases of clival, cervico-thoracic and sacral chordomas were evaluated utilizing four variables as possible predictors of survival: (1) silver nucleolar organizing region (AgNOR), (2) ploidy, (3) fibrosis , and (4) inflammatory response. AgNOR areas in approximately 200 cells per case were calculated and summed. DNA ploidy was obtained in 23 of the cases by analyzing deparaffinized Feulgen-stained tissue. Fibrosis and inflammation were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin and by trichrome stains. Clinical follow-up was available in the 36 cases with survival ranging from 0.5 to 159 months. A statistical analysis employing the Cox-Proportional Hazards model disclosed no significant correlation between AgNOR area and clinical outcome (P 〉 0.05). The variables, fibrosis, and inflammation, did not demonstrate prognostic significance (P 〉 0.05). Ploidy demonstrated a statistical trend for prognostic significance (P = 0.077). It is apparent that three of the four parameters studied do not independently affect survival. Although AgNOR has proved useful in the study of other neoplasms such as those of breast, prostate and bladder, it is not of significant importance in predicting the behaviour of chordomas. Ploidy, on the other hand, may be of value in predicting clinical outcome in chordomas and may be a useful marker in the evaluation of the aggressive biological behavior of these neoplasms.
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  • 51
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    Acta neuropathologica 90 (1995), S. 87-92 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Juvenile xanthogranuloma ; Intracerebral ; lesion ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Juvenile xanthogranuloma is usually a self-limiting disease of the skin. Intracranial manifestations are extremely rare. We report the clinico-pathological features of an 8-month-old boy suffering from a gradually enlarging nodule of the chest wall and subsequent epileptic seizures. The subcutaneous tumor and a cerebral subcortical tumor of the left temporal lobe were resected. The histological appearance of both tumors corresponded to juvenile xanthogranuloma and included histiocytes, foamy cells, giant cells, inflammatory cells, and collagen-producing fibroblasts showing a storiform pattern. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated positivity of the tumor cells for lysozyme, CD68 and myeloid-histiocytic antigen, but not S-100 protein, supporting mono-histiocytic differentiation. This case indicates that juvenile xanthogranuloma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of intracranial "xanthomatous" and histiocytic lesions.
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  • 52
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Pick body ; Lewy body ; Locus ceruleus ; Pick's disease ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We observed abundant Pick argentophilic inclusion bodies (PBs) as well as some atypical Lewy bodies (LBs) in the locus ceruleus (LC) from a patient with Pick's disease. In addition, there were a few neurons which contained both PBs and LBs. PBs in the LC frequently appeared multiple and had lobulated or irregular shapes, though their ultrastructural elements were the same as those of the PBs appearing in the cerebral cortex, and consisted of randomly arranged smooth-surfaced straight tubules of 15 nm in diameter, mixed with a small number of long-period constricted fibrils. The ultrastructure of the LB coexisting with PB was identical with that previously reported; a dense core was surrounded by concentric layers of radially oriented 10-nm filaments and was clearly distinguishable from the PB. Immunohistochemical examination with various antibodies related to neurofibrillar pathology demonstrated that anti-tau antibodies reacted positively with both PB and the rim portion of LB in the present case; an unusual finding for LB. The anti-neurofilament 200-kDa protein stained only LBs, even when PBs and LBs coexisted in the same neuron. These findings show that two kinds of neuronal fibrillar inclusions, whose underlying cytoskeletal abnormalities are thought to be different, can coexist in the same neuron. In addition, the formation of multiple, lobulated PBs may suggest some particularity of cytoskeletal composition of the LC neurons.
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  • 53
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Adult T cell leukemia ; HTLV-I ; Immunohistochemistry ; In situ polymerase chain reaction ; p53 protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report the pathological changes in skeletal muscle from a patient with acute adult T cell leukemia (ATL). HTLV-I provirus was detected in infiltrating cells using in situ polymerase chain reaction in frozen sections. Furthermore, aberrant expression of the p53 protein was observed in the infiltrating cells. As p53 protein was not observed in mononuclear inflammatory cells in patients with polymyositis, expression of the p53 protein was considered to be one of the characteristic findings in ATL cells. This is the first direct detection of ATL cells in skeletal muscle.
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  • 54
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Adult T cell leukemia ; HTLV-I ; Immunohistochemistry ; In situ polymerase chain reaction ; p53 protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report the pathological changes in skeletal muscle from a patient with acute adult T cell leukemia (ATL). HTLV-I provirus was detected in infiltrating cells using in situ polymerase chain reaction in frozen sections. Furthermore, aberrant expression of the p53 protein was observed in the infiltrating cells. As p53 protein was not observed in mononuclear inflammatory cells in patients with polymyositis, expression of the p53 protein was considered to be one of the characteristic findings in ATL cells. This is the first direct detection of ATL cells in skeletal muscle.
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  • 55
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Alzheimer's disease ; Senile plaques ; Microglia ; Lysosomes ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract One of the major histopathological lesions in brains of patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) is the senile plaque. Although previous studies have shown that senile plaques are often accompanied by microglial cells, the role of these cells in DAT pathology is still unclear. In an immunohistochemical and immuno-electron microscopical analysis of DAT and control brain tissues we addressed this issue using two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs KP1 and 25F9) directed against lysosomal antigens in monocytes and macrophages. Whereas KP1 stained lysosomes in both resting and activated microglial cells, 25F9-staining was predominantly found in lysosomes of activated microglial cells in classic senile plaques. The number and size of 25F9-positive lysosomes in activated microglial cells was increased compared to 25F9-staining in unaffected areas in DAT and control sections. We conclude that mAb 25F9 is a unique and useful lysosomal marker, with a higher specificity than other known markers, for activated microglial cells associated with classic, but not with diffuse, senile plaques.
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  • 56
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Alzheimer's disease ; Neurofibrillary tangles ; Amyloid ; Ultrastructure ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Senile plaque and paired helical filament (PHF) formation are characteristic of Alzheimer's disease, but the mechanisms leading to these lesions still remain unclear. To understand them better, we have performed different immunolabellings of amyloid protein and PHF. We describe a very specific immunodetection of PHF with AD2, a monoclonal antibody directed against a hyperphosphorylated epitope of PHF-tau, and use double immunolabelling to show that PHF and plaque amyloid are discretely labbeled by different antibodies. We also discuss different mechanisms of PHF maturation.
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  • 57
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Alzheimer's disease ; Senile plaques ; Microglia ; Lysosomes ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract One of the major histopathological lesions in brains of patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) is the senile plaque. Although previous studies have shown that senile plaques are often accompanied by microglial cells, the role of these cells in DAT pathology is still unclear. In an immunohistochemical and immuno-electron microscopical analysis of DAT and control brain tissues we addressed this issue using two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs KP1 and 25F9) directed against lysosomal antigens in monocytes and macrophages. Whereas KP1 stained lysosomes in both resting and activated microglial cells, 25F9-staining was predominantly found in lysosomes of activated microglial cells in classic senile plaques. The number and size of 25F9-positive lysosomes in activated microglial cells was increased compared to 25F9-staining in unaffected areas in DAT and control sections. We conclude that mAb 25F9 is a unique and useful lysosomal marker, with a higher specificity than other known markers, for activated microglial cells associated with classic, but not with diffuse, senile plaques.
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  • 58
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Alzheimer's disease ; Neurofibrillary ; tangles ; Amyloid ; Ultrastructure ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Senile plaque and paired helical filament (PHF) formation are characteristic of Alzheimer's disease, but the mechanisms leading to these lesions still remain unclear. To understand them better, we have performed different immunolabellings of amyloid protein and PHF. We describe a very specific immunodetection of PHF with AD2, a monoclonal antibody directed against a hyperphosphorylated epitope of PHF-tau, and use double immunolabelling to show that PHF and plaque amyloid are discretely labelled by different antibodies. We also discuss different mechanisms of PHF maturation.
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  • 59
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    Acta neuropathologica 91 (1995), S. 23-30 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Protoplasmic astrocyte ; Secondary ; lysosome ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract By hybridizing mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells from a BALB/c mouse immunized with the glial cell-rich fraction prepared from an autopsied human brain, we established a hybridoma that produces a monoclonal antibody to protoplasmic astrocytes (PA). The antibody, named PRAS-1, consistently labeled cytoplasm of PA with a granular pattern. In a few cases, the cytoplasmic processes of several astrocytes in gray and white matter were also stained. The immunoreactivity was lost after periodic acid treatment or methylation, showing that the epitope is composed of a carbohydrate. The cytoplasmic reaction was resistant to protease digestion and lost after incubation in an organic solvent, suggesting that a glycolipid is the antigen. On the other hand, the reaction in the processes disappeared upon protease digestion. Ultrastructurally, the immunoreaction was localized to secondary lysosomes. Cross-reactivity was noted on a small number of incidental neurons, corpora amylacea, hepatocytes and esophageal epithelial cells. A long period of formalin fixation did not deteriorate the antigenicity. PRAS-1 was demonstrated to detect PA immunohistochemically on paraffin sections, and may be applicable to further investigations into development or neoplasms of human astrocytes.
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  • 60
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Human ; Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; Autoantibody ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Sera and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 25 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) were tested by immunofluorescence on fetal, juvenile and adult central and peripheral neuronal (CNS/PNS) tissues and on nerve biopsy material from affected patients for the presence of autoantibodies. Results were compared with control sera from normal blood donors (n = 45) and patients with other neurological diseases (OND) (n = 11). Three different types of tissue reactivity (glial, axonal, and small blood vessels) were found. Antibodies binding to glial and axonal structures were found in 32% of ALS patients as compared to 12% in normal and 27% in OND controls. In contrast, staining of endothelial cells was found with 24% of ALS sera and CSF but not with normal and OND control sera and was demonstrated only with fetal and juvenile nervous tissue and with suralis nerve biopsies of two of five ALS patients. However, normal or inflamed adult CNS/PNS tissue was not stained with these sera. We conclude that ALS is most likely a heterogeneous group of diseases and only a subgroup of ALS may have an autoimmune pathogenesis. These findings may, therefore, have implications for the evaluation of any immunosuppressive treatment in ALS.
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  • 61
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Rabies ; Skunk ; Immunohistochemistry ; Viral transit in fiber tracts ; Pathogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Twenty-four striped skunks were inoculated intramuscularly (long digital extensor muscle of right pelvic limb) with street rabies virus. Groups of two clinically normal skunks were killed at various times after inoculation; skunks that developed rabies were killed in early stages of the clinical signs. Four clinically normal skunks (numbered 1–4) had slight infection in lumbar spinal ganglia, spinal cord and brain. These four skunks were used for detailed immunohistochemical (rabies antigen) studies that included examination of sections from every segment of the spinal cord, most of the spinal ganglia from the 2nd cervical to the 2nd coccygeal (sections at 25-μm intervals of lumbar, sacral and coccygeal ganglia) and brain (sections at 50-μm intervals). In skunks 1–4, there was increasing distribution of antigen-containing neurons that was not correlated with the time elapsed since inoculation. In three skunks (nos. 1, 2 and 3), antigen-containing neurons were predominantly in caudal regions of the spinal cord, caudal right lumbar and sacral spinal ganglia and certain nuclei/regions of the brain (medial reticular formation, right interpositus and lateral vestibular nuclei, left red nucleus, left motor cortex, and left reticular nucleus of the thalamus). Skunk 4 had more extensive infection than skunks 1–3, but the previous pattern was still evident. The results are consistent with viral entrance into the lumbar spinal cord, initial replication mainly at the L2 and L3 levels, local spread in the cord by propriospinal neurons and early transit to the brain via long ascending and descending fiber tracts (bypassing the grey matter of the rostral spinal cord). These mechanisms could provide for early and rapid dissemination in the brain before a significant immune response develops and could induce behavioral changes before the animal is incapacitated by extensive spinal cord infection. Based on the distribution of antigen-containing neurons, the tracts considered most likely to serve as viral transitways from spinal cord to brain include: rubrospinal, corticospinal, spinothalamic, spino-olivary, vestibulospinal and/or spinovestibular, reticulospinal and/or spinoreticular, cerebellospinal and/or spinocerebellar, and dorsal column pathways.
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  • 62
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Placental-type glutathione S-transferase ; Human skin ; Squamous cell carcinoma ; Northern blotting ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The expression of human placental-type glutathione S-transferase (GST-π) was investigated in human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and normal skin using Northern blot and immunohistochemical analysis. In Northern blot examination, the expression of GST-π transcript was recognized in all instances, and SCC showed a significantly higher expression of GST-π than normal skin. In immunohistochemical examination, GST-π was stained well in the cytoplasm of all cells of the stratum granulosum, many cells of the stratum spinosum and a few cells of the stratum basale in normal skin. Some cells of the stratum spinosum and almost all cells of the stratum basale showed only a weakly positive or almost negative reaction for GST-π. No nuclear staining of GST-π was obvious in normal epidermal cells. In SCC, many cells showed strong positivity for GST-π in the cytoplasm, and some were obviously accompanied by nuclear staining of GST-π. These findings suggest that GST-π exists mainly in many cells in the upper layers of the normal epidermis and that GST-π is involved in the process of carcinogenesis.
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  • 63
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Ovarian carcinoma ; p53 ; Sex steroid receptor ; Immunohistochemistry ; Heat shock protein 72
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Mutations of the tumour suppressor p53 gene have been reported in a variety of human malignant tumours, and are frequently associated with overexpression of p53 protein. To examine the significance of p53 gene alteration in malignant epithelial tumours of the ovary, we studied the immunohistochemical reactivity with a monoclonal antibody against p53 (PAb 1801) in 6 ovarian tumours of low malignant potential (LMP) and 32 ovarian carcinomas. The existence of any correlation of p53 overexpression with the clinicopathological features and with the immunohistochemical expression of 72 kDa heat shock protein (HSP72) and sex steroid receptors (oestrogen receptors; ER, progesterone receptors; PR) was also analysed. Expression of p53 was found in 2 of the 6 (33.3%) LMP tumours and in 15 of the 32 (46.9%) carcinomas. Strong expression of HSP72 was observed in 11 of the 17 (64.7%) p53-positive tumours, but only in 2 of the 21 (9.5%) p53-negative ones. Histologically, p53-positivity was observed in 7 of the 10 (70%) serous carcinomas, 4 of the 6 (66.7%) mucinous, 4 of the 10 (40%) endometrioid, and none of the 4 clear cell and 2 transitional cell carcinomas. Distribution of p53-positive cells in the tumour sections was homogenous in serous tumours, but heterogenous in mucinous lesions. All of the 4 carcinomas arising in endometriotic cysts were p53-negative. These differences support the thesis of heterogeneity in ovarian carcinogenesis. There was an inverse relationship between p53-positivity and sex steroid receptor status for ovarian carcinomas; 14 of the 15 p53-positive carcinomas were negative for both ER and PR, whereas 11 of the 17 p53-negative carcinomas were positive for ER and/or PR (P〈0.01).
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  • 64
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Small round blue cell sarcomas ; Integrins ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Integrins are a large and complex family of membrane spanning αβ heterodimeric cell surface glycoproteins mediating cell/cell and cell/matrix interactions. Small, round, blue cell sarcomas (SRBCS) are a group of poorly differentiated tumours of various and in part uncertain histogenesis displaying similar cytomorphology. Among them are rhabdomyosarcomas (RMS), ganglioneuroblastomas [(G)NB], primitive peripheral neuroectodermal tumours (pPNET) and Ewing's sarcomas (ES). Thirty-two SRBCS were studied immunohistochemically for the distribution of β1, β3 and β4 integrins in situ. We found complex and to some extent differential patterns of β1, β3 and β4 integrin subunit expression in different types of SRBCS: all of the sarcomas studied were consistently β1+, β4−, α2−. Four of nine RMS were completely negative for all other integrin subunits studied while one RMS was α5+ throughout and three RMS were focally α5+. Three RMS expressed the α6 and αv chains. In contrast to RMS, pPNET and ES, all of which were α1−, α3−, (G)NB were α3+ and frequently co-expressed α1. The eight pPNET and seven ES studied showed a similarily restricted integrin profile that was limited to the expression of β1 and α5 in nearly all cases. In summary, RMS were β1+, α1−, α3− and heterogeneously expressed α5 and α6. (G)NB were generally β1+, α1+, α3+, α5−, α6−. pPNET and ES were β1+, α1−, α3−, α5+, α6−. The data illustrate a complex expression pattern of various integrins in SRBCS, a differential expression pattern of some of the integrin subunits among different types of SRBCS and almost identical integrin profiles in pPNET and ES.
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  • 65
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    Virchows Archiv 426 (1995), S. 345-349 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Cytokeratins ; Oesophageal carcinoma ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The expression of cytokeratins (CK) 19, 8, 18, 13, 10 and 7 was examined in 35 cases of squamous cell carcinomas of the oesophagus (10 well-differentiated, 13 moderately-differentiated, and 12 poorly-differentiated) and the adjacent mucosa by means of a panel of monoclonal antibodies on frozen sections. The study was undertaken to assess the pattern of expression of these keratins in oesophageal tumours and its relation to the degree of differentiation. The normal oesophageal epithelia expressed CK19 in 86%, CK18 in 17% and CK13 in 14% of cases. CK8, CK10 and CK7 immunoreactivity was not observed. The tumours expressed CK19 in 86%, CK8 in 46%, CK18 in 97%, CK13 in 83%, CK10 in 34% and CK7 in 29% of cases. Thus, the so-called simple epithelial markers CK18 and CK19 occurred in the majority of oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas. CK13 (the so-called non-keratinizing squamous epithelial marker) was only infrequently demonstrated in the non-neoplastic oesophageal mucosa, and its expression was more frequent in carcinomas. CK10 was not demonstrated in non-neoplastic mucosa, but was mostly associated with well-differentiated carcinomas. We therefore conclude that the pattern of expression of cytokeratins in oesophageal carcinomas is different from that in normal oesophageal epithelia and varies with differentiation.
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  • 66
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Indirect immunoperoxidase staining ; Tissue section ; Fungi ; Immunohistochemistry ; Polyclonal antibody
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study was performed to identify pathological fungi of eight species [Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, Torulopsis (Candida) glabrata, Cryptococcus neoformans, Fusarium anthophilum, Rhizopus oryzae, Sporothrix schenckii and Trichosporon beigelii] in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections by indirect immunoperoxidase staining. Mature albino rabbits were immunized with formalin-killed organisms. Antibodies were prepared by precipitation. Immunoperoxidase staining was applied to the paraffin-embedded tissue sections of experimentally infected mice and human autopsy and surgical specimens. Although the cell walls of each fungus stained clearly, many cross-reactivities appeared. However, it was possible to obtain specificity for the eight species by absorption and dilution of the antisera.
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  • 67
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Knochen- und Knochenmarkbiopsien ; Histotechnologie ; Knochenmarkeisen ; Enzymhistochemie ; Immunhistochemie ; Key words Bone and marrow biopies ; Histotechnology ; Iron in bone marrow ; Enzyme histochemistry ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A survey is given of methods involving decalcification and paraffin embedding of iliac crest biopsy for osteological and haematological diagnostic procedures. In order to avoid shrinkage, loss of antigens, and fading of ferritin iron and enzymes, a fixative has been designed that is composed of an aqueous solution of calcium acetate (10–1 M), glutaraldehyde (0.5 %), and formaldehyde (1 %; CGF). CGF-fixated specimens are decalcified in an aqueous solution of 10 % di-sodium ethylene-diaminotetraacetate (EDTA) neutralized by tris[hydroxy]methyl-aminomethane and embedded in paraffin. Tissue prepared in this manner allows histochemical detection of naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase in the neutrophilic cell line and in tissue mast cells, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase in hairy cells and certain other low malignant B-cell lymphomas, in Gaucher cells, and in osteoclasts, and a specific platelet esterase in megakaryocytes and leukaemic megakaryoblasts. A broad panel of antigens is well preserved. Beside haemosiderin, cytosolic ferritin can be detected by Perls' reaction in acute phase-stimulated macrophages. Emphasis is placed on the diagnostic impact of plasma cell siderosis and lysosomal sideroblastocytosis in haemochromatosis and in alcoholism respectively. A technique is presented to discriminate mineralized and non-mineralized bone even after decalcification.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Beckenkammbioptische Untersuchungen erfordern eine problemorientierte histologische Bearbeitungstechnik. Alternativ stehen Verfahren der Kunststoffeinbettung unentkalkten Gewebes einer Paraffineinbettung nach Entkalkung gegenüber. Die Paraffineinbettung setzt die Fixierung in einer Lösung aus Kalziumazetat, Glutaraldehyd und Formaldehyd (KGF) sowie eine neutrale Chelatentkalkung voraus. Die KGF-Fixation vermeidet jegliche Hämolyse, bewirkt eine gute zelluläre Strukturerhaltung und garantiert den Nachweis von Ferritineisen in Markretikulumzellen. Die Unterscheidung von Ferritin- und Hämosiderineisen ist für die Differentialdiagnose von Anämien essentiell. Unter den extraphagozytären Eisenablagerungen verdienen lysosomale Siderosomen in Erythrozyten und Erythroblasten bei alkoholischer Dysmyelopoese sowie die Plasmazellsiderose bei Hämochromatose Beachtung. Eine breite Palette (immun)histochemischer Techniken wird tabellarisch dargestellt. Die Naphthol-AS-D-Chlorazetatesterase läßt sich in der neutrophilen granulozytopoetischen Zellreihe und Gewebsmastzellen darstellen und dient in einer speziellen Modifikation zur Darstellung mineralisierter Knochenstrukturen nach Entkalkung. Tartratresistente saure Phosphatase markiert Osteoklasten in unterschiedlichen Funktionszuständen, Gaucher-Zellen und bestimmte Lymphome. Als weiteres einbettungsresistentes Enzym wird erstmals die spezifische Plättchenesterase vorgestellt.
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  • 68
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Knochenmarkhistologie ; Kunststoffeinbettung ; Methylmethacrylat ; Immunhistochemie ; Key words Bone marrow histology ; Plastic embedding ; Methyl-methacrylate ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A patented low-temperature polymerization method for methylmethacrylate (MMA) infiltrated bone marrow biopsies is described: it has been developed from our previous MMA technique and is a patented procedure. Differences from the previous method are (1) removal of stabilizer from the MMA monomer before its application, (2) the use of a different starter, (3) avoidance of O2 influence during polymerization by means of vacuum exchange with N2, and (4) polymerisation in a water bath to draw off residual heat. After this procedure, all immunohistochemical reactions are possible provided that the previous fixation is adequate. The effects of different fixatives are reviewed briefly without detailed analysis. Technically, this plastic embedding can be performed at least as rapidly as the classic paraffin embedding after decalcification. The advantages over the latter method are: (1) the cells can be better differentiated because semi-thin sections can be made; (2) the immunoreactions can also be performed on the basis of semi-thin sections, which means they can be interpreted more easily; (3) morphometric analyses yield more reliable results because of the constant thickness of sections; (4) osteological examination of bone trabeculae, especially the search for mineralisation deficiencies, is possible; (5) the plastic embedding procedure is less dependent on individual instabilities in the quality of performance of the staff members involved. Furthermore, it is worth mentioning that the costs for additional equipment necessary remain below DM 100,000 including an excellent microtome.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Eine patentierte Methode zur Einbettung von Knochenmarkbiopsien durch Kaltpolymerisation von Methylmethacrylat (MMA) wird beschrieben, die als patentiertes Verfahren aus unserer bisherigen MMA-Technik entwickelt worden ist. Die Unterschiede zum bisherigen Verfahren sind die Destabilisierung des Monomers Methylmethacrylat, die Verwendung eines anderer Starters, der Ersatz von Raumluft durch Stickstoff vor der Polymerisation und die Polymerisation unter Restwärmeabführung im Wasserbad. Danach sind alle immunhistochemischen Reaktionen an Zellen und Geweben möglich, vorausgesetzt, daß in geeigneter Form fixiert worden ist. Auf die Unterschiede der Fixierungslösungen wird kurz eingegangen, ohne sie detailliert zu analysieren. Technisch läßt sich diese Kunststoffeinbettung mindestens ebenso schnell wie die Entkalkung und Paraffineinbettung durchführen. Die Vorteile gegenüber dem Entkalkungs-Paraffinierungs-Verfahren sind, daß• die Zellen besser zu differenzieren sind, weil Semidünnschnitte angefertigt werden können, • die Immunreaktionen ebenfalls am Semidünnschnittpräparat durchgeführt und die Reaktionsergebnisse deshalb leichter zugeordnet werden können, • morphometrische Analysen wegen der konstanten Schnittstärke zuverlässigere Werte ergeben und • osteologische Untersuchungen, insbesondere die Beurteilung von Mineralisationsstörungen, möglich sind. Ein fünfter Vorteil ist, daß das Kunststoffverfahren unempfindlicher gegenüber subjektiven Leistungsschwankungen der beteiligten Mitarbeiter ist. Die zusätzlich notwendigen Geräteinvestitionen liegen unter DM 100 000.–, worin ein optimales Mikrotom, z. B. Polycut, eingeschlossen ist.
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  • 69
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Thymom ; Hamartom ; Weichteilgewebe ; Immunhistochemie ; Key words Thymoma ; Hamartoma ; Soft tissue ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary We report the case of an ectopic hamartomatous thymoma in a 56-year-old male patient. The lesion arose subcutaneously in the supraclavicular region. Histologically, the well-circumscribed but unencapsulated tumour was composed of uniform fusiform tumour cells. In addition, mature fatty tissue, scattered T-lymphocytes, and an epithelial and a myoepithelial tumour cell component were found. The epithelial differentiation of the spindle cell tumour component was confirmed immunohistochemically and by electron microscopy. Ectopic hamartomatous thymoma has to be distinguished from ectopic cervical thymoma, thymolipoma, ectopic salivary tissue, teratoma, peripheral nerve sheath tumours, malignant epithelial tumours with thymus-like differentiation, biphasic synovial sarcoma, and skin adnexal tumours.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Vorgestellt wird der Fall eines ektopischen hamartomatösen Thymoms bei einem 56 jährigen männlichen Patienten. Der subkutan gelegene, gut umschriebene, jedoch nicht gekapselte Tumor war supraklavikulär lokalisiert und aus relativ uniformen, spindeligen Tumorzellen aufgebaut. Zusätzlich fanden sich reife Fettgewebsinseln, eingestreute T-Lymphozyten sowie eine epitheliale und eine myoepitheliale Tumorzellkomponente. Sowohl immunhistologisch als auch ultrastrukturell konnte die epitheliale Differenzierung der spindeligen Tumorzellen nachgewiesen werden. Differentialdiagnostisch muß das ektopische hamartomatöse Thymom gegenüber ektopischen zervikalen Thymomen, Thymolipomen, ektopischem Speicheldrüsengewebe, Teratomen, peripheren Nervenscheidentumoren, malignen epithelialen Tumoren mit einer thymusähnlichen Differenzierung, biphasischen Synovialsarkomen und Tumoren der Hautadnexe abgegrenzt werden.
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  • 70
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Mammakarzinom ; uPA ; Immunhistochemie ; Prognose ; Key words Breast cancer ; uPA ; Immunohistochemistry ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary There is ample evidence that the protease urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) plays a role in invasion and spread of tumours. Several publications suggest its biochemical measurement in tumour cytosols to be of prognostic significance in breast carcinomas. Our study set out to determine whether the immunohistochemical detection of uPA in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded primary breast cancer tissues is of prognostic relevance. We tested 269 surgical specimens of primary ductal infiltrating carcinoma immunohistochemically using a modified avidin-biotin method. Some 57 % of carcinoma specimens yielded specific positive staining in tumour cells. Detection of uPA correlated to tumour grade (P = 0.04), and to the detected level of the proliferation marker PCNA (P = 0.002), but not to patients' age or menopausal status, tumour size, nodal or steroid receptor status (P 〉 0.05). At median 68 months' follow-up, 34 % of patients had experienced tumour relapse and 28 % had died from cancer. Clinical course was correlated significantly to tumour size, tumour grade, nodal and steroid hormone receptor status (P 〈 0.05). Immunohistochemical detection of uPA, however, could not be demonstrated to be of any prognostic significance with regard to relapse-free or overall survival (P 〉 0.05) in the total study group or in the N0 (n = 120) and N + (n = 144) subgroups, regardless of whether univariate or multivariate analysis was applied.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Protease Urokinase-Plasminogen-Aktivator (uPA) spielt bei der Invasion und Ausbreitung von Tumoren eine Rolle. Für die prognostische Bedeutung des biochemischen Nachweises von uPA in Mammakarzinomen gibt es umfangreiche Hinweise. Ziel unserer Studie war die Frage, inwieweit der immunhistochemische Nachweis von uPA am Paraffinschnitt Aussagen zur Prognose von Patientinnen mit primärem Mammakarzinom liefert. Wir untersuchten die Expression von uPA an 269 Geweben primärer Mammakarzinome (infiltrierende duktale Karzinome) immunhistochemisch mit einer modifizierten Avidin-Biotin-Methode. Eine positive Reaktion in Tumorzellen zeigten 57 % der Mammakarzinome. Der uPA-Nachweis korrelierte zum histologischen Grading (p = 0,04), sowie zum Proliferationsmarker PCNA (p = 0,002). Keine Beziehungen zeigte sich zum Alter oder Menopausenstatus der Patientinnen, zur Tumorgröße oder zum Lymphknoten- oder Steroidhormonrezeptorstatus (p 〉 0,05). Die mediane Nachbeobachtungszeit der Patientinnen beträgt derzeit 68 Monate. 34 % der Patientinnen erlitten ein Rezidiv und 28 % verstarben am Tumorleiden. Der klinische Verlauf korrelierte signifikant zu Tumorgröße, Lymphknotenbefall, Grading und Steroidhormonrezeptorstatus (p 〈 0,05). Demgegenüber zeigte der immunhistochemische Nachweis von uPA keine Korrelation zum rezidivfreien oder zum Gesamtüberleben (p 〉 0,05). Letzteres gilt sowohl für das Gesamtkollektiv, als auch für die Untergruppen der N0- (n = 120) und N +- (n = 144) Patienten. Ebensowenig erbrachte die Multivarianzanalyse für uPA eine signifikante Beziehung zur Prognose (p 〉 0,05).
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  • 71
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Mammakarzinom ; Hormonrezeptoren ; Immunhistologie ; Key words Breast cancer ; Hormone receptors ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary For evaluation of the hormone receptor status in breast cancer tissues two methods are mainly used: immunohistochemical detection by monoclonal antibodies on frozen sections (ER-ICA, PgR-ICA) and the biochemical radioligand-binding assay (DCC) of fresh tissue. Using new antibodies makes it possible to evaluate the estrogen and progesterone receptor status in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue. In the present retrospective study, tissues from 223 primary breast carcinomas or breast carcinoma recurrences were reevaluated with the three methods mentioned above and the results were compared. We used antibody 1D5.26 reacting with the estrogen receptor and mPR1 specific for the progesterone receptor in paraffin-embedded tissue. The agreement of positive and negative cases between these two immunohistochemical procedures was 97.8 % for the estrogen receptor and 85.7 % for the progesterone receptor. Comparison of immunohistochemistry on paraffin-embedded tissue and biochemical evaluation showed an agreement of 74.7 % for the estrogen receptor and 68.7 % for the progesterone receptor. These results are comparable to the correspondence between ER-ICA and PgR-ICA and the DCC method. This study proves that the prognostically and therapeutically important hormone receptors can be reliably determined in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues. These results are not only important for the evaluation of hormone receptors of a small breast carcinoma that is not found in the frozen section, but for the considerable difference in costs among the different methods.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Zur routinemäßigen Bestimmung der Hormonrezeptoren am Mammakarzinomgewebe werden derzeit hauptsächlich 2 Verfahren verwendet: Die immunhistologische Detektion am Gefrierschnitt (ER-ICA und PgR-ICA) sowie die biochemische Rezeptoranalyse am Frischgewebe mit dem Radioliganden-Bindungs-Assay (DCC). Durch neue Antikörper ist jetzt die Rezeptorbestimmung an formalinfixiertem, in Paraffin eingebetteten Gewebe möglich. An 223 primären Mammakarzinomen und Mammakarzinomrezidiven wurden die Ergebnisse aller 3 Verfahren miteinander verglichen. Verwendet wurden die paraffingängigen Antikörper 1D5.26 gegen den Östrogenrezeptor (Fa. Immunotech, Hamburg) und mPR1 gegen den Progesteronrezeptor (Fa. Dianova, Hamburg). Die Übereinstimmung der positiven bzw. negativen Fälle in der Immunhistologie betrug 97,8 % für den Östrogen- und 85,7 % für den Progesteronrezeptor. Der Vergleich der Immunhistologie am Paraffinmaterial mit der Biochemie ergab eine Übereinstimmung für den Östrogenrezeptor von 74,7 % und für den Progesteronrezeptor von 68,7 %. Diese sind vergleichbar mit denen für ER-ICA und PgR-ICA gegenüber der Biochemie. Die Untersuchungen zeigen, daß die prognostisch und therapeutisch wichtigen Hormonrezeptoren auch an formalinfixiertem und in Paraffin eingebetteten Mammakarzinomgewebe immunhistologisch zuverlässig bestimmt werden können. Diese Ergebnisse sind zum einen wegen der Möglichkeit der Untersuchung eines nicht im Schnellschnitt gefundenen Karzinoms von großer Bedeutung, zum anderen bestehen deutliche Kostenunterschiede zwischen den verschiedenen Verfahren.
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  • 72
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    Der Pathologe 16 (1995), S. 245-255 
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter WHO-Klassifikation der Gehirntumoren ; Gradierung ; Immunhistochemie ; Proliferationsbestimmung ; Molekulargenetik ; Key words WHO classification of brain tumors ; Grading ; Immunohistochemistry ; Proliferation markers ; Molecular genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In recent years there has been considerable progress in brain tumor neuropathology. Several new diagnostic entities have been recognized, subclassification schemes have been modified, and new concepts on the histogenesis and cell biology of brain tumors have emerged. In 1993, a revised WHO classification of brain tumors was published by an international committee. This article summarizes the pertinent new aspects. As novel tumor entities, the central neurocytoma, the dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNT), desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma (DIG) and pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) have been included. Several histopathological variants of meningiomas have been added of which only the papillary meningioma and the atypical meningioma are characterized by an increased rate of recurrence. Meningeal hemangiopericytomas and hemangioblastomas are classified as tumors of non-meningothelial origin. The glioblastoma multiforme, which had previously been listed as an embryonal tumor, is now recognized as an astrocytic glioma. Immunohistochemistry has greatly advanced the practical diagnosis and classification of brain tumors. There are specific markers for all normal and neoplastic cell types except for oligodendroglioma cells. The prognosis of and therapeutic approaches to brain tumors greatly depend on histopathological grading. The WHO proposes four tumor grades, i. e., I, II, III, and IV. As a rule, grades I and II tumors are viewed as benign or semi-benign neoplasms and grades III and IV tumors as malignant. There are attempts to use new biological parameters for the grading of brain tumors. Antibodies to proliferation-associated proteins reflect tumor growth. Molecular genetic approaches to tumor-associated genes and gene loci are particularly promising new tools for the future.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ein internationales Gremium hat 1993 eine revidierte Fassung der WHO-Klassifikation von Tumoren des Zentralnervensystems vorgelegt. Wesentliche Neuerungen sind die Einführung folgender Entitäten: Zentrales Neurozytom, dysembryoplastischer neuroepithelialer Tumor (DNT), desmoplastisches infantiles Gangliogliom (DIG) und pleomorphes Xanthoastrozytom. Bei den Meningeomen wurden eine Reihe von neuen histopathologischen Varianten aufgenommen. Das Glioblastom wird aufgrund seiner immunhistochemisch nachweisbaren GFAP-Expression nun den astrozytären Gliomen zugeordnet. Immunhistochemische Reaktionen haben wesentliche Fortschritte in der Diagnostik und Klassifikation von zentralnervösen Tumoren gebracht. In der Diagnostik zentralnervöser Tumoren spielt die histopathologische Gradierung eine besondere Rolle, da sie als Grundlage für die weitere Behandlung und prognostische Bewertung dient. Die WHO schlägt eine Gradierungsskala vor, welche die 4 Dignitätsgrade I, II, III und IV vorsieht. Als wesentliche histopathologische Parameter fließen Differenzierungsmerkmale der Tumorzellen, die Zelldichte, zelluläre und nukleäre Polymorphie, mitotische Aktivität, pathologische Endothelproliferate und Tumorgewebsnekrosen in die Bewertung ein. Bei der Gradierung zentralnervöser Tumoren wird in zunehmendem Maße versucht, neben histopathologischen Kriterien neue biologische Parameter einzusetzen.
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  • 73
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    Der Pathologe 16 (1995), S. 106-119 
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Maligne Lymphome ; Fokale reaktive lymphoide Hyperplasie ; Knochenmark ; Differentialdiagnose ; Histotopographie ; Fasergehalt ; Immunhistochemie ; Key words Malignant lymphomas ; Reactive lymphoid hyperplasia ; Bone marrow ; Differential diagnosis ; Histotopography ; Fiber content ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The purpose of this study was to provide criteria for the differentiation of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (RLH) and focal involvement of the bone marrow by malignant lymphoma (ML). Using trephine bone-marrow biopsy specimens embedded in paraffin wax and unequivocally established samples with ML for comparison, all patients with questionable lymphoid or lymphohistiocytic marrow aggregates were re-examined, together with obviously reactive lesions. Following this procedure, a number of characteristics were found that differed in validity with regard to diagnosis. In addition to cytology, which is preferably assessed in Giemsa-stained specimens and evaluated by the Kiel classification, histotopography, fiber content, and immunohistochemical reactions are the most valuable tools for differential diagnosis. RLH is consistent with a central-perivascular localization, a distinctive border and the presence of germinal centers, no or only minimal reticulin fibrosis and a polyclonal reaction pattern with a mixed population of B- and T-lymphocytes, following staining with appropriate antibodies. In uncertain cases (i. e., extensive lymphoproliferations in HIV-myelopathy) the results of immunohistochemical staining are of definite importance for the diagnostic evaluation of these lesions.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Studie verfolgt das Ziel, Kriterien für die differentialdiagnostische Abgrenzung zwischen fokaler reaktiver lymphatischer Hyperplasie (RLH) und nodulären Infiltraten von malignen Lymphomen (ML) im Knochenmark festzulegen. Im Vergleich zu klinisch und histologisch gesicherten Fällen von ML und offensichtlich reaktiven Veränderungen wurden alle in ihrer diagnostischen Zuordnung fraglichen lymphoiden bzw. lymphohistiozytären Läsionen anhand von Beckenkammbiopsien nach Paraffineinbettung noch einmal untersucht. Als wesentliches Ergebnis konnte eine Reihe von diagnostischen Merkmalen herausgearbeitet werden, die allerdings von sehr unterschiedlicher Wertigkeit waren. Neben der Zytologie, welche besonders gut in nach Giemsa gefärbten Präparaten auswertbar ist und sich problemlos nach den entsprechenden Maßgaben der Kiel-Klassifikation zuordnen läßt, sind Histotopographie, Fasergehalt und Immunhistochemie von besonderer nosologischer Bedeutung. Für eine RLH sprechen eine zentral-perivaskuläre Lokalisation mit scharfer Abgrenzung sowie Keimzentren, keine oder allenfalls eine minimale Retikulinfibrose sowie schließlich nach Anwendung immunhistochemischer Verfahren ein polyklonales Reaktionsmuster mit einer Mischpopulation aus B- und T-Lymphozyten. Im Zweifelsfall (z. B. bei ausgedehnter Lymphoproliferation im Rahmen einer HIV-Myelopathie) ist alleine die Immunhistochemie in der Lage, diagnostisch wegweisende Anhaltspunkte zu geben.
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  • 74
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    Der Pathologe 16 (1995), S. 94-105 
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Glykoprotein ; Kohlenhydratantigen ; Karzinom ; Adenom-Karzinom-Sequenz ; Immunhistochemie ; Key words Glycoprotein ; Carbohydrate antigen ; Carcinoma ; Adenoma-carcinoma sequence ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Mucins are heavily glycosylated glycoproteins which exhibit a variety of antigenic determinants consisting of carbohydrates and/or peptide sequences. The application of monoclonal antibodies and lectins in immunohistochemistry resulted in a considerable extension of knowledge regarding their topography during histogenesis. Additionally, typical alterations of antigenic profiles during neoplastic transformation of cells and tissues were described. A number of new results are in keeping with the assumption that mucin-associated antigens play an important role in tumor biology, for example metastasis, and as markers of prognosis. The purpose of the present paper is to give a review, including the authors' own results, of knowledge on the gastrointestinal mucin antigens in experimental and clinical pathology.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Muzine sind stark glykosylierte Glykoproteine, die eine Vielzahl aus Kohlenhydraten und/oder Peptidsequenzen bestehender antigener Determinanten aufweisen. Die Verwendung von monoklonalen Antikörpern und Lektinen in der Immunhistochemie erbrachte umfangreiche Erkenntnisse über deren Topographie im Rahmen der Histogenese. Zudem konnten typische Veränderungen der Antigenprofile während der neoplastischen Transformation von Zellen und Geweben beschrieben werden. Eine Reihe neuerer Ergebnisse deutet ferner darauf hin, daß muzinassoziierte Antigene eine bedeutende Rolle in der Tumorbiologie, beispielsweise bei der Metastasierung und als Prognosemarker spielen. Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt unter Einschluß eigener Befunde eine Übersicht über die gastrointestinalen Muzinantigene in der experimentellen und klinischen Pathologie.
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  • 75
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    Urological research 23 (1995), S. 189-192 
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Ureterovesical junction ; Nitric oxide ; Innervation ; Immunohistochemistry ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) immunohistochemistry and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPH-d) histochemistry were used to investigate the distribution of nitroxergic, i.e., nitric oxide-synthesizing, neuronal perikarya and processes in the human ureterovesical junction (UVJ). Tissue specimens obtained from two cadaver kidney donors and two patients undergoing radical cystectomy for bladder cancer were examined. Clusters of NOS-immunoreactive neurons were localized in extramural ureterovesical ganglia. NOS-containing nerve fibers traveled within large extramural nerve trunks and marched among smooth muscle bundles. Extramural and intramural blood vessels were encircled by varicose NOS-positive axonal processes. The distribution of NOS immunoreactivity paralleled the staining pattern for NADPH-d activity. Urothelium stained strongly for NADPH-d activity but showed no NOS immunolabeling. Specimens from all four patients investigated showed similar staining patterns. Our results suggest that nitric oxide, a potent smooth-muscle-relaxing neurotransmitter in the autonomic nervous system, plays a physiologic role in opening the human UVJ.
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  • 76
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: mdm-2 protein ; Immunohistochemistry ; Bladder carcinoma ; p53 protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Amplification of the mdm-2 gene and overexpression of the mdm-2 protein might inactivate p53 function, and may have prognostic relevance. The present paper investigated the immunohistochemical overexpression of the mdm-2 and p53 proteins in 25 biopsy specimens of transitional cell bladder carcinomas (10 pT1 and 15 pT2 or higher stages). Five cases (20%) showed strong mdm-2 protein immunoreactivity in more than 5% of the tumor cells; 14 cases (56%) showed p53 immunoreactivity in more than 20% of the cells, and were considered as overexpressing p53 protein. Four of the five cases with strong mdm-2 immunoreactivity did not show p53 overexpression, and 13 of the 14 cases with p53 overexpression did not show mdm-2 immunoreactivity. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that p53 overaccumulation (and hence possible p53 gene mutation) or mdm-2 overexpression (and hence possible mdm-2 gene amplification) may mirror two different and possibly complementary gene alterations, which might finally interfere with the control of cell proliferation and apoptosis. In this perspective, evaluation of the combined mdm-2/p53 protein phenotype in human bladder carcinomas could have prognostic relevance and give us better prognostic information than evaluation of the p53 protein alone.
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  • 77
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    Child's nervous system 11 (1995), S. 311-313 
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Congenital glioblastoma ; Newborn ; MRI ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a rare case of congenital glioblastoma multiforme in a 13-day-old male neonate born at term who died from cardiocirculatory failure. The cerebral tumor was diagnosed in vivo by magnetic resonance imaging and confirmed histologically after autopsy. The histological and immunohistochemical features of this case were similar to those reported in the adult.
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  • 78
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    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 252 (1995), S. 153-158 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Superoxide dismutase ; Otitis media Inflammation ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a metalloprotein that catalyzes the dismutation of the superoxide anion into O2 − and H202, and therefore functions to maintain a low intracellular concentration of an otherwise toxic metabolite of oxygen. SOD protects living tissue from the destructive effects of free radicals. Increasing evidence implicates free radicals, including the superoxide radical (O2 −), in the pathogenesis of disease, including otitis media. In an effort to elucidate the role free radicals play in the pathogenesis of otitis media, SOD was localized immunocytochemically to determine its cellular distribution in specimens of guinea pig middle ear. In normal ears, SOD was found concentrated in the epithelium of the middle ear mucosa. Low quantities were characteristic of connective tissue, bone, and cartilage. In streptococcus-infected ears, SOD localized similarly, concentrating in the epithelium. The infected ears had extensive submucosal edema which stained poorly and appeared to have less SOD than did normal ears. This was confirmed by an assay using laser densitometry of Western blots to quantify the amount of SOD in the mucosa of normal versus infected middle ears. This demonstrated a value of SOD in normal mucosa of 1.77 ± 0.48 μg/mg of protein compared with 1.02 ± 0.28 μg/mg in the infected mucosa. The two groups were significantly different at P 〈 0.05. These findings are discussed, and suggestions for future experimentation addressed.
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  • 79
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    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 252 (1995), S. 469-474 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Reinke's laryngeal edema ; Electron microscopy ; Immunohistochemistry ; Pathogenesis Neobursa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Light microscopy of vocal cord mucosa in patients with Reinke's edema revealed highly ramified fissured spaces in the subepithelial tissue that were generally lined with flat cells. The ultrastructure of the parietal cells resembled fibroblasts whose cytoplasmic extensions overlapped in two to three layers in some places. Cell contacts were not observed. Neither electron microscopy nor immunohistochemical testing with antibody against laminin demonstrated a basal membrane. It was possible to distinguish between light and dark cells in the specimens examined. The cytoplasm of the light cells contained intermediate filaments, mitochondria, lysosomes, coated vesicles, caveolae and broad cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum. The dark cells were more numerous and typically exhibited a well-developed endoplasmic reticulum and free ribosomes. The parietal cells showed no immunoreaction against human vascular endothelial cells. Immunohistochemical demonstration of mesenchymal intermediate filaments using antibody against vimentin yielded a positive reaction for some of the cells in the walls of the crevices and subepithelial tissue. It was also possible to demonstrate a few cells with monoclonal antibody against macrophages (KiM6). These findings contradict the concept of lymphatic distension in cases of Reinke's edema. Since the parietal cells seen resembled synoviocytes in their structure and immunohistochemical reactions, findings indicate that the hollow spaces of Reinke's edema develop like neobursae from mechanical strain.
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  • 80
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    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 380 (1995), S. 359-364 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: β-hCG ; Gastric carcinoma Prognostic factors ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Einleitung: Nach neueren Untersuchungen ist davon auszugehen, daß bei des Hälfte von Patienten mit einem Magenkarzinom β-hCG-positive Zellen im Tumor immunhistochemisch gefunden werden können. Ziel war daher, systematisch zu untersuchen, inwieweit β-hCG-immunreaktive Magenkarzinome von einem Anstieg des Serum-β-hCG begleitet werden and dieses damit als Verlaufsparameter zur Verfügung steht. Methode: Bei 54 Patienten mit einem Magenkarzinom wurde zur immunhistochemischen Darstellung ein gegen β-hCG gerichteter monoklonaler Antikörper (Fa. Sigma, 1:100) im APAAP-System verwendet. Die Auswertung wurde nach positiver and negatives Reaktion graduiert. Parallel wurde im Serum des Patienten β-hCG präoperativ mit einem Enzymimmunoassay (MEIA, Fa. Abbot) bestimmt. Tumor-stadium, Grading and Tumor-lokalisation werden in die Auswertung mit einbezogen. Ergebnisse: Es wird bestätigt, daß 41% (22 von 54) des Karzinome, unabhängig von ihrer Lokalisation im Magen, eine positive immunhistochemische Reaktion gegen β-hCG auslösen. Es zeigte sich in Abhängigkeit vom Tumorstadium eine positive β-hCG-Immunreaktivität in 27% (6 von 22) des Tumoren ohne Lymphknoten- and Fernmetastasierung (T1–4 N0 M0), in 54% (7 von 13) des Tumoren mit Lymphknotenaber ohne Fernmetastasen (T1–4 N≥1 M0) und in 47% (9 von 35) des Tumoren mit Fernmetastasierung. Schlecht differenzierte Tumoren (G3–4) waren zu 42% (15 von 36) und gut differenzierte Tumoren (G1–2) nur zu 39% (7 von 18) positiv. Aber lediglich bei einer Patientin war der β-hCG-Spiegel im Serum erhöht. Zusammenfassung: Immunhistochemisch β-hCG-positive Magenkarzinome werden vermehrt bei fortgeschrittenem Tumorstadium und Schlecht differenzierten Karzinomen gefunden. Diese Kar zinome scheinen aber nicht in ausreichender Menge β-hCG ins Serum abzugeben, was zu serologisch meßbar erhöh-ten Werten führt. β-hCG im Serum kann daher nicht als Prognosefaktor bzw. zur Verlaufskontrolle herangezogen werden. Abzuwarten bleibt, inwieweit die β-hCG-Expression von Tumorzellen u. U. Einfluß auf die Propose der Patienten besitzt.
    Notes: Abstract Introduction: Recent investigations indicate that in 50% of patients with gastric cancer, β-hCG-posiitive cells can be found in the tumour by immunohistochemical investigations. The objective of this study was to investigate how often β-hCG-immunoreactive gastric carcinomas were accompanied by an elevation in serum β-hCG, that could have been used as a course control variable. Methods: In 54 patients with gastric carcinoma a monoclonal antibody directed against β-hCG was used for immunohistochemical marking in the APAAP system. The evaluation was graded positive or negative. In parallel, serum β-hCG was determined preoperatively using an enzyme immunoassay (MEIA). Tumour stage, grading and tumour locallization were determinants in the evaluation. Results: We found that 41% (22 of 54) of the carcinomas induced a :positive immunohistochemical response to β-hCG, regardless of their location in the stomach. In relation to tumour stage, a positive β-hCG immunoreactivity was apparent in 27% (6/22) of tumours without lymph node or distant metastases (TI -4N0M0), in 54% (7/13) of tumours with lymph node and without distant metastases (T1−4N≥1 M0) and in 47% (9/35) of tumours with distant metastases. Poorly differentiated tumours (G3–4) were positive in 42% (15/36) and well-differentiated tumors (G1–2) in 39% (7/18) of cases. In only 1 patient was the β-hCG, level in serum elevated, however. Conclusions: β-hCG-Positive gastric carcinomas are found more frequently in advanced tumour stages and poorly differentiated carcinomas. These carcinomas, however, seem not to excrete β-hCG in sufficient amounts to produce measurable serum values. Therefore, β-hCG cannot be used a prognostic factor or for course control. The relevance of β-hCG expression of tumour cells to the patients' prognosis remains obscure.
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  • 81
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Chordoma ; Ploidy ; Silver nucleolar organizing region ; Pathology ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Chordomas are slow growing malignant neoplasms with a prolonged clincial course which do not usually metastasize. They are histologically benign, locally invasive and often recur following resection. Survival has been shown to vary widely and prognostic indicators have been difficult to identify. Cellularity, mitotic activity and cellular pleomorphism have not been found to have prognostic significance. Thirty-six cases of clival, cervico-thoracic and sacral chordomas were evaluated utilizing four variables as possible predictors of survival: (1) silver nucleolar organizing region (AgNOR), (2) ploidy, (3) fibrosis, and (4) inflammatory response. AgNOR areas in approximately 200 cells per case were calculated and summed. DNA ploidy was obtained in 23 of the cases by analyzing deparaffinized Feulgen-stained tissue. Fibrosis and inflammation were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin and by trichrome stains. Clinical follow-up was available in the 36 cases with survival ranging from 0.5 to 159 months. A statistical analysis employing the Cox-Proportional Hazards model disclosed no significant correlation between AgNOR area and clinical outcome (P〉0.05). The variables, fibrosis, and inflammation, did not demonstrate prognostic significance (P〉0.05). Ploidy demonstrated a statistical trend for prognostic significance (P=0.077). It is apparent that three of the four parameters studied do not independently affect survival. Although AgNOR has proved useful in the study of other neoplasms such as those of breast, prostate and bladder, it is not of significant importance in predicting the behaviour of chordomas. Ploidy, on the other hand, may be of value in predicting clinical outcome in chordomas and may be a useful marker in the evaluation of the aggressive biological behavior of these neoplasms.
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  • 82
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Epidermal malignancies ; Immunohistochemistry ; Human skin (experimental model) ; Neoplastic cells ; SCID mouse ; Xenografts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Using a full-thickness skin grafting technique, lesional skin from various human neoplastic and preneoplastic skin diseases was transplanted onto SCID (severe combined immunodeficiency) mice. Of 27 grafted lesions, 21 were successfully accepted by the mice and maintained in good condition. All these accepted grafts were finally excised 10–101 days after transplantation for histological examination. In most grafts, the characteristic histological configurations of each disease were well preserved. Immunohistochemical study using monoclonal antibodies to human blood group antigens ABH revealed that some elements of the grafts such as sweat glands were clearly positive, confirming that the tissue was from human skin. Neoplastic (atypical) cells were detected in 9 of 17 accepted grafts containing neoplastic cells from the beginning. The detection rates for neoplastic cells were very high (90%) in grafts from precursor lesions of squamous cell carcinomas such as Bowen's disease (5/5 specimens) and thermal keratosis (2/3). In contrast, no definite neoplastic cells were found in two grafts from extramammary Paget's disease and five grafts from the radial growth component of malignant melanoma. In most of the grafts from latter two diseases, characteristic histological configurations such as elongation of the rete ridges were maintained, suggesting that the neoplastic cells were selectively eliminated from the grafts. Split-thickness grafts of normal human skin were accepted and remained in a good condition for as long as 6 months. Engraftment of human lesional and non-lesional skin onto SCID mice therefore may well provide a useful in vivo experimental model of human skin diseases.
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  • 83
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Cathepsins B, H, L and D ; Melanocytic tumour ; Biochemistry ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We carried out biochemical and immunohistochemical analyses of cathepsins B, H, L and D in human melanocytic tumours using monospecific antibodies against rat cathepsins. In Western blot analysis, anti-rat cathepsin antibodies reacted with the cathepsins from normal human tissues and human malignant melanoma. However, the molecular profiles of the cathepsins from human melanoma were slightly different from those of the rat cathepsins, suggesting a distinct intracellular processing mechanism for cathepsins in human melanoma. Although cathepsins B, H, L and D were expressed in primary and metastatic melanomas and pigmented naevi immunohistochemically, the intensity of staining in metastatic melanomas was stronger than in primary melanomas and pigmented naevi. These findings suggest that anti-rat cathepsin antibodies may be useful in biochemical and/or immunohistochemical analysis of human melanocytic tumours.
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  • 84
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Cell differentiation ; Pulse labelling ; Cell kinetics ; 5-Bromo-2-deoxyuridine ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Calcitriol (1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) and its analogues are antiproliferative agents which promote epidermal differentiation in vitro, possibly reflecting their modes of action in the treatment of psoriasis. We examined the effect of calcitriol on early and late terminal differentiation in mouse epidermis in vivo using an immunofluorescence assay to detect keratin K1 and filaggrin expression. Pulse labelling with the tymidine analogue 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdUrd) was performed by intraperitoneal injection of mice immediately or 16 h after a single topical application of 0.72 nmol calcitriol. The BrdUrd labelling index (LI) and keratin K1 or filaggrin expression of postmitotic cell cohorts were scored by paired immunofluorescence staining for up to 72 h after BrdUrd labelling. Calcitriol induced cell proliferation as shown by a 100% increase in the BrdUrd LI 17 h after application. The onset of keratin K1 expression in the postmitotic period was, however, unchanged in both series after calcitriol treatment. Filaggrin expression appeared earlier after calcitriol treatment than in control epidermis, probably reflecting altered cell kinetics with increased epidermal turnover. The results suggest that calcitriol only influences the later stages of the keratinocyte differentiation programme, possibly secondarily to its hyperproliferative effect.
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  • 85
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    Archives of dermatological research 287 (1995), S. 146-151 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Melanoma prognosis ; Tumour suppressor gene p53
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract It is currently widely accepted that the tumour suppressor gene p53 is critically involved in the proliferation and differentiation of tumour cells including melanoma cells. In the present study, we examined 60 cases of primary melanoma to compare the expression of p53 protein with conventional prognostic markers for melanoma such as clinical and histological parameters. No correlation was found between the p53 protein and clinical factors except for the presence of a metastatic node and development to clinical stage II. However, the expression of p53 protein was significantly associated with tumour thickness over 1.5 mm, levels IV and V of invasion, the presence of ulceration, and high mitotic rate for 5-year survival rate. Although many questions still remain to be answered, our results and those of others for various other malignant tumours, implicate p53 in malignant transformation of pigment cells. Indeed, it could be a new marker for an unfavourable prognosis of malignant melanoma, even though the gene mutation in this highly lethal tumour has yet to be established.
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  • 86
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    Acta neuropathologica 90 (1995), S. 87-92 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Juvenile xanthogranuloma ; Intracerebral lesion ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Juvenile xanthogranuloma is usually a self-limiting disease of the skin. Intracranial manifestations are extremely rare. We report the clinico-pathological features of an 8-month-old boy suffering from a gradually enlarging nodule of the chest wall and subsequent epileptic seizures. The subcutaneous tumor and a cerebral subcortical tumor of the left temporal lobe were resected. The histological appearance of both tumors corresponded to juvenile xanthogranuloma and included histiocytes, foamy cells, giant cells, inflammatory cells, and collagen-producing fibroblasts showing a storiform pattern. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated positivity of the tumor cells for lysozyme, CD68 and myeloid-histiocytic antigen, but not S-100 protein, supporting mono-histiocytic differentiation. This case indicates that juvenile xanthogranuloma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of intracranial “xanthomatous” and histiocytic lesions.
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  • 87
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Pick body ; Lewy body ; Locus ceruleus ; Pick's disease ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We observed abundant Pick argentophilic inclusion bodies (PBs) as well as some atypical Lewy bodies (LBs) in the locus ceruleus (LC) from a patient with Pick's disease. In addition, there were a few neurons which contained both PBs and LBs. PBs in the LC frequently appeared multiple and had lobulated or irregular shapes, though their ultrastructural elements were the same as those of the PBs appearing in the cerebral cortex, and consisted of randomly arranged smooth-surfaced straight tubules of 15 nm in diameter, mixed with a small number of long-period constricted fibrils. The ultrastructure of the LB coexisting with PB was identical with that previously reported; a dense core was surrounded by concentric layers of radially oriented 10-nm filaments and was clearly distinguishable from the PB. Immunohistochemical examination with various antibodies related to neurofibrillar pathology demonstrated that anti-tau antibodies reacted positively with both PB and the rim portion of LB in the present case; an unusual finding for LB. The anti-neurofilament 200-kDa protein stained only LBs, even when PBs and LBs coexisted in the same neuron. These findings show that two kinds of neuronal fibrillar inclusions, whose underlying cytoskeletal abnormalities are thought to be different, can coexist in the same neuron. In addition, the formation of multiple, lobulated PBs may suggest some particularity of cytoskeletal composition of the LC neurons.
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  • 88
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    Diseases of the colon & rectum 38 (1995), S. 509-513 
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Colon ; Innervation ; Nerves ; Muscle ; Immunohistochemistry ; Constipation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: This study was designed to investigate neural and muscular features of the colonic wall in patients with severe idiopathic constipation. METHODS: By using quantitative immunohistochemistry, resected specimens from 14 patients with idiopathic chronic constipation and 17 nonobstructed cancer controls were studied. RESULTS: Routine histology revealed no significant histologic abnormality throughout the colon apart from four cases of melanosis coli. Ratio of the thickness of circular to longitudinal muscle was significantly lower in the left colon in constipated subjects. The myenteric plexus appeared morphologically normal in all subjects. S-100 protein, which stains neuronal supporting tissues, demonstrated an increase in the proportion of neural tissue in the myenteric plexus. There was an increased number of PGP-9.5 immunoreactive nerve fibers in the muscularis propria in constipated patients, and this was significantly higher in the ascending and descending colon. CONCLUSION: Intractably constipated patients have alterations in the neural composition of the colonic myenteric plexus and innervation of the circular muscle.
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  • 89
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Colorectal neoplasms ; Immunohistochemistry ; CEA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: Submucosa-invasive colorectal carcinoma is a colorectal carcinoma extending only into the submucosal layer. To clarify the metastatic potential of submucosa-invasive colorectal carcinoma, we studied the relationship between the immunohistochemical staining pattern of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and that of lymphatic invasion/ lymph node metastasis. METHODS: We investigated 49 submucosa-invasive colorectal carcinomas resected surgically or endoscopically. CEA distribution patterns of the neoplastic tissues were divided into three patterns: Pattern 1 = luminal type; Pattern 2 = apical cytoplasmic type; and Pattern 3 = diffuse cytoplasmic type. We also observed the submucosal stromal staining of CEA. RESULTS: Lymphatic invasion and lymph node metastasis were found in 48.8 percent (21/43) and 11.6 percent (5/43) of the Pattern 2/Pattern 3 cases, whereas these were seen in none (0/6) of Pattern 1 cases. Lymphatic invasion and lymph node metastasis were found in 63.3 percent (19/30) (chi-squared =21.94;P 〈0.001) and 16.7 percent (5/30) of the positive stromal CEA cases, whereas these were seen in 10.5 percent (2/19) and none (0/14) of the negative stromal CEA cases, respectively. CONCLUSION: Pattern 2/Pattern 3 and stromal CEA can be predictors of the lymph node metastasis with 11.6 percent and 16.7 percent risks.
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  • 90
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    Diseases of the colon & rectum 38 (1995), S. 983-987 
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Monoclonal antibody ; B72.3 ; Tumor-associated glycoprotein ; Adenocarcinoma ; Colorectal cancer ; Immunohistochemistry ; Radioimmunoscintigraphy ; Radioimmunoguided surgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: Immunolocalization of the tumor-associated glycoprotein 72 antigen with the monoclonal antibody B72.3 has been used as a “cancer marker” in radioimmunoscintigraphy and radioimmunoguided surgery (RIGS). Radioimmunoscintigraphy and RIGS have been used to detect occult metastatic deposits from colorectal adenocarcinoma. It has been suggested that RIGS is superior to histologic examination in detecting lymph node metastases from colorectal cancer. To determine the specificity of immunodetection of the tumor-associated glycoprotein -72 antigen as a marker for metastatic adenocarcinoma, we studied benign intraabdominal lymph nodes with B72.3 and an immunohistochemical technique. METHODS: Formaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of 276 benign abdominal lymph nodes, resected with 35 cases of colonic adenocarcinoma and 33 cases of benign gastrointestinal disorders, were evaluated for B72.3 immunoreactivity using an avidin-biotin complex immunohistochemical technique. Lymph nodes from cases of colonic carcinoma were also studied with cytokeratin immunostaining to help eliminate occult micrometastases. RESULTS: B72.3 immunoreactivity was seen in the germinal centers of benign lymph nodes associated with 49 percent of the cases of colonic adenocarcinoma and 12 percent of the cases of benign gastrointestinal disease. CONCLUSIONS: B72.3 immunoreactivity can be seen in benign abdominal lymph nodes associated with gastrointestinal disease. We advise caution in the use of diagnostic techniques that equate B72.3 immunoreactivity with the presence of adenocarcinoma.
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  • 91
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Heat shock protein 70 ; HLA-DR ; Colorectal cancer ; Immunohistochemistry ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: The expression of 70,000-Da heat shock protein (HSP 70) and HLA-DR molecules on cancer cells influences immunologic mechanisms that may be of some prognostic significance. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among immunohistochemical HSP 70, HLA-DR expression, and clinicopathologic tumor variables, as well as patient survival in a series of 128 colorectal carcinomas. METHOD: A three-step immunoperoxidase staining technique was undertaken for detection of both markers. RESULTS: Of the examined carcinomas 77.3 percent were HSP 70-positive and 74.2 percent were HLA-DR-positive. Increased HSP 70-positive expression correlated significantly with low differentiation (P〈0.05), showed a tendency to characterize advanced stages of disease, and was clearly associated with worse overall survival (P〈0.05). The highest rate of HLA-DR positivity was demonstrated in early stages and was significantly associated with more favorable prognosis (P〈0.001). HSP 70-positive/HLA-DR-negative patients had worse overall survival compared with the rest (P〈0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The resulting opposite effects on prognosis of examined markers seem to be related to different pathophysiologic functional roles on tumor immunology.
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  • 92
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    International journal of legal medicine 107 (1995), S. 197-200 
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Macrophages ; Wound age ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Insgesamt wurden 117 vitale Hautwunden (Überlebenszeit wenige Sekunden bis 7 Monate), 20 postmortal gesetzte Verletzungen sowie Haut mit leichten bzw. fortgeschrittenen Fäulnisveränderungen untersucht und verschiedene Marker der Makrophagen-Differenzierung (27 E 10, RM 3/l, 25 F 9 und G 16/1) analysiert. Der „early stage inflammation marker” 27 E 10 färbte neben Makrophagen auch Monozyten und neutrophile Granulozyten, die innerhalb von Blutgefäßen bzw. in postmortal gesetzten Blutungen lokalisiert waren und liefert somit keine Informationen zum Wundalter, die über die Möglichkeiten des Routine-histologischen Nachweises von Makrophagen hinausgingen. Die von den Antikörpern RM 3/1 (intermediate stage inflammation marker) und 25 F 9 (late stage inflammation marker) erkannten Antigene wurden ausschließlich von Histiozyten und reaktiv eingewanderten Makrophagen exprimiert. Die morphometrische Analyse ergab positive Ergebnisse (definiert als ein mindestens zweifacher Anstieg der Zellzahl in zwei oder mehr Gesichtsfeldern verglichen mit der maximal feststellbaren Zahl an Histiozyten in unverletzter Haut) bei Verwendung der Antikörper RM 3/1 bzw. 25 F 9 frühestens 7 bzw. 11 Tage nach Wundsetzung. Ab 12 Tagen Wundalter reagierte der „chronic stage inflammation marker” G 16/1 erstmals positiv. Das Antigen ließ sich insgesamt allerdings in einem geringeren Prozentsatz der untersuchten Wunden darstellen. Vorteilhaft ist jedoch das Fehlen einer relevanten Expression durch Histiozyten, wodurch die Auswertung der Präparate erleichtert wird. Die entsprechenden Antigene lassen sich zudem in leicht - wenn auch in einer deutlich geringeren Färbeintensität -, aber nicht forgeschritten fäulnisveränderter Haut nachweisen, so daß deren immunhistochemische Darstellung gegebensfalls auch zur Beurteilung von länger überlebten Verletzungen an Leichen mit etwas fortgeschrittener Liegezeit herangezogen werden kann.
    Notes: Abstract A total of 117 vital skin wounds (post infliction intervals between a few seconds and 7 months), 20 postmortem wounds and skin specimens with beginning or advanced signs of putrefaction were investigated. Different markers for macrophage maturation (27 E 10, RM 3/1, 25 F 9, G 16/1) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The early stage inflammation marker 27 E 10 stained macrophages, but also monocytes and neutrophilic granulocytes localized in blood vessels or bleeding induced postmortem and therefore provided no further information for a forensic wound age estimation in comparison to the routine histological detection of macrophages. The antigens recognized by the RM 3/1- (intermediate stage inflammation marker) and 25 F 9-antibodies (late stage inflammation marker) were expressed exclusively by histiocytes and inflammatory cells that had migrated from the blood vessels as part of the acute inflammatory response associated with an intravital reaction. The morphometrical analysis revealed positive results (defined as at least a two-fold increase in number in 2 or more microscope fields when compared to the maximum value of histiocytes found in uninjured skin) for the RM 3/1- or 25 F 9-antibody earliest in wounds aged 7 or 11 days, respectively. Similarly to the 25 F 9-antibody, the chronic stage inflammation marker (G 16/1) reacted with a macrophage subpopulation first detectable 12 days after wounding but showed positive results in a comparably reduced percentage of cases. On the other hand, this marker did not stain a relevant number of resident macrophages thus facilitating the evaluation of the specimens. The markers 27 E 10, RM 3/1 and 25 F 9 are also useful for the evaluation of slightly - even though the staining intensity was considerably reduced - but not advanced putrefied skin. Therefore, the immunohistochemical analysis of the corresponding antigens can possibly contribute to an age estimation of wounds with advanced post infliction intervals obtained from corpses with longer - but limited - postmortem intervals.
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  • 93
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Leukotoxin ; 9,10-epoxy-12-octadecenoic acid ; Immunohistochemistry ; Macrophages ; Leukotoxin ; 9,10-Epoxy-12octadecensdure ; Immunhistochemie ; Makrophagen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Dieser Artikel untersucht die immunhistochemische Dynamik von Leukotoxin (9,10-Epoxy-12-octadecensäure, LTx) in den Lungen von Ratten, die einer Hyperoxie mit oder ohne Paraquat ausgesetzt waren. Die Ratten wurden behandelt mit 100% Sauerstoff oder Umgebungsluft für 24, 48, 72 und 96 Stunden mit oder ohne Injektion einer niedrigen oder hohen Dose Paraquat (1,1′-Dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridium, PQ). Die Immunfärbung für LTx zeigte positive Reaktionen in den Neutrophilen. Diese zeigten eine zunehmende Verstärkung der Färbungsintensität in Abhängigkeit der Zeit in allen Gruppen mit Exposition von 100% Sauerstoff und in der Gruppe mit hoher Dose PQ, jedoch waren die positiven Befunde in der Gruppe mit Injektion nur niedriger Dose PQ schwach. Wir fanden die positive Immunfärbungsreaktion nicht nur in Neutrophilen, sondern auch in Alveolarmakrophagen. Dies zeigt, daß LTx sowohl von den Alveolarmakrophagen als auch von den Neutrophilen, abhängig von der Behandlungszeitdauer unter hyperoxischen Bedingungen, hergestellt wird, was dafür spricht, daß LTx ein wichtiger chemischer Mediator in Lungenerkrankungen ist.
    Notes: Abstract This paper investigates the immunohistochemical dynamics of leukotoxin (9,10-epoxy-12-octadecenoic acid, LTx) in the lungs of rats exposed to hyperoxia with or without paraquat. The rats were treated with 100% oxygen or ambient air for 24. 48, 72 and 96 h in the presence or absence of a low or high dose paraquat (1,1′-di-methyl-4,4′-bipyridinium, PQ) injection. Immunostaining for LTx demonstrated positive reactions in the neutrophils that showed a progressive increase in intensity of staining with time in all groups exposed to 100% oxygen and in the group with high dose PQ, but the positive findings were weak in the group injected with low dose PQ only. We found the positive immunostaining reaction not only in neutrophils but also in alveolar macrophages. This indicates that LTx is produced by alveolar macrophages as well as by neutrophils depending on the treatment period under hyperoxic conditions, suggesting that LTx is an important chemical mediator in pulmonary diseases.
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  • 94
    ISSN: 1573-3904
    Keywords: G-protein receptor ; Immunohistochemistry ; Gastrointestinal hormones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Seven synthetic peptides, between 7–22 residues long, corresponding to six different parts of the gastrin/CCKB receptor molecule which are conserved among the species, were used for raising antibodies. The peptides were coupled to keyhole limpet hemocyanine and injected into rabbits. ELISA analysis demonstrated that all peptides produced an immune response after three to six injections given at biweekly intervals. The titer ranged from 1:104 to 1:105. All antibodies recognized a 78 kDa protein on immunoblots of NIH 3T3 cells stably transfected with human gastrin/CCKB receptor cDNA, as well as human and guinea pig stomach mucosal extracts. Preincubation of the sera with the corresponding peptides abolished the staining. Indirect immunofluorescence staining revealed that four antibodies out of the seven tested recognized the receptor in fixed COS-7 cells transiently transfected with human gastrin/CCKB receptor cDNA. The reactive antibodies were raised against the peptides corresponding to receptor residues 40–58, 153–160, 288–294 and 356–372. Immunohistochemical staining of guinea pig stomach using these antisera resulted in intense staining of parietal cells in the fundus and cardia regions.
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Metabolic brain disease 10 (1995), S. 159-174 
    ISSN: 1573-7365
    Keywords: Albumin ; Blood-brain barrier ; Central nervous system ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mouse ; Pyrithiamine ; Thiamine deficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In order to assess the involvement of blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown in the pathogenesis of thiamine deficiency encephalopathy, autologous albumin immunohistochemistry was performed in mice which were rendered thiamine-deficient by pyrithiamine, a BBB-permeant antagonist of thiamine. In the presymptomatic animals until day 8 of the treatment, histological lesions were not detected by H&E staining. However, localized staining of albumin was evident, suggesting an extravascular leakage of the endogenous intravascular protein. On day 10 of thiamine deficiency, when neurological signs appeared, both histological lesions and massive albumin extravasation were demonstrated in all the animals. The BBB breakdown was only occasionally observed in the brains of mice treated with oxythiamine, a BBB-impermeant antagonist or in control animals. These results suggest that BBB breakdown is not only a phenomenon secondary to tissue destruction, but it is more directly involved in the pathogenesis of thiamine deficiency encephalopathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Metabolic brain disease 10 (1995), S. 283-291 
    ISSN: 1573-7365
    Keywords: Hypothermia ; Ischemia ; HSP ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Intra-ischemic hypothermia has been demonstrated to be protective against ischemic neuronal injury. The present study examined the effect of moderate hypothermia on the expression of heat shock protein (HSP)-72 following transient forebrain ischemia in gerbils by immunohistochemistry. Global forebrain ischemia with concurrent moderate hypothermia (30°C) was induced in gerbils by 10-minute bilateral carotid artery occlusion followed by recirculation periods of 1 hour (h), 6h, 24h, and 48h. Normothermic forebrain ischemic animals with similar recirculation periods were utilized for comparison of the HSP expression. Sham-operated normothermic and hypothermic animals were also included. 72-kDa heat shock protein immunoreactivity was demonstrated in the hippocampus and neocortex of the normothermic ischemic animals following 24h and 48h recirculation similar to that reported previously. However, the immunoreactivity was absent in the brains of the animals subjected to hypothermic ischemia or sham-operation. Only the ependymal cells were immunopositive in all hypothermic brains as was the case with all normothermic brains. The hypothermic ischemic brains showed no significant necrosis in the hippocampus. These findings suggest that the protection of ischemic neuronal necrosis conferred by intra-ischemic hypothermia is not associated with induction of HSP-72 protein and that mechanisms other then HSP-72 protein induction are likely to be responsible for this neuroprotective effect.
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 8 (1995), S. 214-218 
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: splenie artery ; tortuosity ; celiac angiography ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Arantius (1571) was the first to describe tortuosity of the splenic artery. The present study investigated the variations in its tortuosity in man, and possible relationships with age, sex, and presence of atheroma.Twenty-nine cadaveric specimens and forty-four celiac angiograms were studied. The straight distance from the origin of the splenic artery, from the celiac trunk, to the point of commencement of the hilar branches was measured, as was the total length of the artery between these two points. The ratio of these two measurements is called the “index of tortuosity.” The cadaveric arteries were then opened and graded for the presence of atheroma on a scale of 0 to 3.Marked variation in the index was found in both the cadavers and the angiograms. No definite relationship was found with sex. However, there was a suggestion of increasing tortuosity with age, although in one 10-year-old girl, marked tortuosity was demonstrated on angiography. No significant correlation was shown between increased tortuosity and the extent of atheroma.At present, there is apparently no satisfactory explanation for tortuosity of the splenic artery. © 1995 WiIey-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 8 (1995), S. 222-226 
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: arterial embolism ; developmental anomalies ; thoracic outlet syndrome ; thrombolysis ; urokinase ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) represents a constellation of symptoms arising from the compression of the neurovascular bundle as it exits the thorax. We report a unique case of multiple rare anatomical anomalies resulting in TOS manifested by distal arterial embolism. These anomalies include the combination of: (1) a unilateral right cervical rib, Gruber's type II (Gruber 1869), (2) nonunion of the first thoracic rib, (3) abnormal fibrous insertions of the anterior scalene muscle onto the epineurium of the brachial plexus and adventitia of the subclavian artery, (4) anterior position of the brachial plexus in relation to the third portion of the subclavian artery, and (5) the bifurcation of a single root of the phrenic nerve at the level of the anterior scalene muscle. This series of findings suggest an underlying developmental abnormality with a delayed onset of symptomatology consisting of the thoracic outlet syndrome. © 1995 WiIey-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 8 (1995), S. 238-238 
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 8 (1995) 
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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