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  • 2015-2019
  • 2000-2004  (57)
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  • 1950-1954
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  • 1
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    Vorhaben: Offene Navigation und Suchmaschinen in Verbünden, Konsortien und den Wissenschaften; Schlussbericht zumTeilprojekt des BMBF-Vorhabens: Kompetenznetzwerk NeueDienste, Standardisierung, Metadaten. (2004)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-03-23
    Description: Die harmonische Integration der Navigation und Suche in lizenzierten Journalen und gleichzeitig in freien digitalen Dokumenten unter einer einheitlichen konsistenten Nutzeroberflache ist eines der ungelösten F&E-Probleme der Fachinformation. Hierfür sollen Elemente des Invisible Web und des Visible Web unter Berücksichtigung offener Standards nahtlos #I miteinander verbunden werden. Dem Projekt liegt ein Modell mit Internet-Index, Metasuche und Open Linking über verteilten heterogenen Speichern #I zu Grunde: Verschiedenste Server, digitale Referenzen in Artikeln und Dokumenten, Links in Datenbanken und auf Bestelldienste sollen unter Berücksichtigung von Standort-, Studien- und Lernbedingungen kooperativ miteinander vernetzt werden. Die Leistungsfähigkeit des Modells soll in Pilotimplementierungen getestet und für eine breite Anwendung vorbereitet werden. Auf dieser Basis soll das Vorhaben Verteilter Zeitschriftenserver der AG der Verbundsysteme in eigenen Teilprojekten kooperativ initiiert werden, das jetzt in das Vorhaben Verteilter Dokumentenserver von vascoda integriert ist.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: German
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  • 2
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    Parameter Estimation and Accuracy Matching Strategies for 2-D Reactor Models (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: The mathematical modeling of a special modular catalytic reactor kit leads to a system of partial differential equation in two space dimensions. As customary, this model contains unconfident physical parameters, which may be adapted to fit experimental data. To solve this nonlinear least squares problem we apply a damped Gauss-Newton method. A method of lines approach is used to evaluate the associated model equations. By an a priori spatial discretization a large DAE system is derived and integrated with an adaptive, linearly-implicit extrapolation method. For sensitivity evaluation we apply an internal numerical differentiation technique, which reuses linear algebra information from the model integration. In order not to interfere the control of the Gauss-Newton iteration these computations are done usually very accurately and, therefore, very costly. To overcome this difficulty, we discuss several accuracy adaptation strategies, e.g., a master-slave mode. Finally, we present some numerical experiments.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Finding All Maximal Cliques of a Family of Induced Subgraphs (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2020-03-06
    Description: Many real world problems can be mapped onto graphs and solved with well-established efficient algorithms studied in graph theory. One such problem is to find large sets of points satisfying some mutual relationship. This problem can be transformed to the problem of finding all cliques of an undirected graph by mapping each point onto a vertex of the graph and connecting any two vertices by an edge whose corresponding points satisfy our desired relationship. Clique detection has been widely studied and there exist efficient algorithms. In this paper we study a related problem, where all points have a set of binary attributes, each of which is either 0 or 1. This is only a small limitation, since all discrete properties can be mapped onto binary attributes. In our case, we want to find large sets of points not only satisfying some mutual relationship; but, in addition, all points of a set also need to have at least one common attribute with value 1. The problem we described can be mapped onto a set of induced subgraphs, where each subgraph represents a single attribute. For attribute $i$, its associated subgraph contains those vertices corresponding to the points with attribute $i$ set to 1. We introduce the notion of a maximal clique of a family, $\mathcal{G}$, of induced subgraphs of an undirected graph, and show that determining all maximal cliques of $\mathcal{G}$ solves our problem. Furthermore, we present an efficient algorithm to compute all maximal cliques of $\mathcal{G}$. The algorithm we propose is an extension of the widely used Bron-Kerbosch algorithm.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    An Integer Programming Model for Multi-Layer Network Design (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: We present an integer linear programming model for the design of multi-layer telecommunication networks. The formulation integrates hardware, capacity, routing, and grooming decisions in \emph{any} n umber of network layers. Practical hardware restrictions and cost can accurately be taken into account for technologies based on connection-oriented routing protocols.
    Keywords: ddc:000
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  • 5
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    Compressing Triangle Meshes using Geometric Infomation (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: We introduce FreeLence, a lossless single-rate connectivity compression algorithm for triangle surface meshes. Based upon a geometry-driven traversal scheme we present two novel and simple concepts: free-valence connectivity encoding and entropy coding based on geometric context. Together these techniques yield significantly smaller rates for connectivity compression than current state of the art approaches - valence-based algorithms and Angle- Analyzer, with an average of $36\%$ improvement over the former and an average of $18\%$ over the latter on benchmark 3D models, combined with the ability to well adapt to the regularity of meshes. We also prove that our algorithm exhibits a smaller worst case entropy for a class of "'well-behaved"' triangle meshes than valence-driven connectivity encoding approaches.
    Keywords: ddc:000
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  • 6
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    Jahresbericht 2003 (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2019-10-24
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: German
    Type: annualzib , doc-type:report
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  • 7
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    Large-scale hierarchical networks: How to compute an optimal architecture? (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-11
    Description: In this article, we present a mathematical model and an algorithm to support one of the central strategic planning decisions of network operators: How to organize a large number of locations into a hierarchical network? We propose a solution approach that is based on mixed-integer programming and Lagrangian relaxation techniques. As major advantage, our approach provides not only solutions but also worst-case quality guarantees. Real-world scenarios with more than 750 locations have been solved within 30 minutes to less than 1\% off optimality.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    UMTS Radio Network Evaluation and Optimization beyond Snapshots (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-11
    Description: This paper is concerned with UMTS radio network design. Our task is to reconfigure antennas and the related cells as to improve network quality. In contrast to second generation GSM networks, \emph{interference} plays a paramount role when designing third generation radio networks. A known compact formulation for assessing the interference characteristics of a radio network as coupling relations between cells based on user snapshots is generalized to statistical average load. This enables us to overcome the notorious difficulties of snapshot-based network optimization approaches. We recall a mixed-integer programming model for the network design problem that is based on user snapshots and contrast it with a new network design model based on the average coupling formulation. Exemplarily focusing on the important problem of optimizing antenna tilts, we give computational results for a fast local search algorithm and the application of a MIP solver to both models. These results demonstrate that our new average-based approaches outperform state-of-the-art snapshot models for UMTS radio network optimization.
    Keywords: ddc:000
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  • 9
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    SCIP - a framework to integrate Constraint and Mixed Integer Programming (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2021-08-05
    Description: Constraint Programs and Mixed Integer Programs are closely related optimization problems originating from different scientific areas. Today's state-of-the-art algorithms of both fields have several strategies in common, in particular the branch-and-bound process to recursively divide the problem into smaller sub problems. On the other hand, the main techniques to process each sub problem are different, and it was observed that they have complementary strenghts. We propose a programming framework {\sffamily SCIP} that integrates techniques from both fields in order to exploit the strenghts of both, Constraint Programming and Mixed Integer Programming. In contrast to other proposals of recent years to combine both fields, {\sffamily SCIP} does not focus on easy implementation and rapid prototyping, but is tailored towards expert users in need of full, in-depth control and high performance.
    Keywords: ddc:000
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  • 10
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    Searching and Classifying Differential Equations on the Web (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2018-12-06
    Description: In this paper we describe the semantic analysis of differential equations given in the ubiquitous semi-structured formats MathML and OpenMath. The analysis is integrated in a deployed Web indexing framework. Starting from basic classifications for differential equations the proposed system architecture is amenable to extensions for further reconstruction of mathematical content on the Web. The syntactic analysis of mathematical formulae given in the considered formats must overcome ambiguities that stem from the fact that formula particles may have different encodings, which are in principle completely arbitrary. However, it turns out that the syntactic analysis can be done straightforward given some natural heuristic assumptions.
    Keywords: ddc:000
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  • 11
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    Anisotropic Filtering of Non-Linear Surface Features (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: A new method for noise removal of arbitrary surfaces meshes is presented which focuses on the preservation and sharpening of non-linear geometric features such as curved surface regions and feature lines. Our method uses a prescribed mean curvature flow (PMC) for simplicial surfaces which is based on three new contributions: 1. the definition and efficient calculation of a discrete shape operator and principal curvature properties on simplicial surfaces that is fully consistent with the well-known discrete mean curvature formula, 2. an anisotropic discrete mean curvature vector that combines the advantages of the mean curvature normal with the special anisotropic behaviour along feature lines of a surface, and 3. an anisotropic prescribed mean curvature flow which converges to surfaces with an estimated mean curvature distribution and with preserved non-linear features. Additionally, the PMC flow prevents boundary shrinkage at constrained and free boundary segments.
    Keywords: ddc:000
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  • 12
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    Function space interior point methods for PDE constrained optimization (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2019-01-29
    Description: A primal-dual interior point method for optimal control problems with PDE constraints is considered. The algorithm is directly applied to the infinite dimensional problem. Existence and convergence of the central path are analyzed. Numerical results from an inexact continuation method applied to a model problem are shown.
    Keywords: ddc:000
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  • 13
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    Zusammenarbeit mit vascoda im Rahmen des Verteilten Dokumentenservers (VDS) (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: Die in der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Verbundsysteme zusammengeschlossenen deutschen Verbundsysteme kooperieren zur Realisierung eines die Länder und Verbundregionen übergreifenden offenen Netzwerkes einer offenen digitalen Bibliothek, dem Verteilten Dokumentenserver (VDS). Wesentliche Bestandteile des VDS sind die in den lokalen Bibliotheken und Verbundsystemen verteilten Dokumentenspeicher. Beim Aufbau des VDS verfolgen die deutschen Verbundsysteme für ihre digitalen Ressourcen, Zeitschriften und Dokumente, folgende Ziele [AGV03]: \begin{itemize} \item{Erhalt und dauerhafte Sicherung einmal erworbener Rechte} \item{Bessere Erschließung und Integration in das eigene Angebot} \item{Nahtlose Navigation in lokalen Zeitschriften- und Dokumentenservern und zwischen digitalen Artikeln und Zeitschriften, Dokumenten und Servern} \item{Dauerhafte Sicherung des Zugriffs und perspektivisch Langzeitverfügbarkeit} \end{itemize} Die Verbundsysteme streben an, die Speicherung, Erschließung und das Angebot ihrer digitalen Materialien in einer nationalen Kooperation durchzuführen. Sie entwickeln und betreiben zu diesem Zweck Portal- und Querschnittstechnologien zur Integration ihrer dezentral gespeicherten digitalen Ressourcen mittels Internet-Technologien.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: German
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  • 14
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    Utility Proportional Fair Bandwidth Allocation - An Optimization Oriented Approach (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: In this paper, we present a novel approach to the congestion control and resource allocation problem of elastic and real-time traffic in telecommunication networks. With the concept of utility functions, where each source uses a utility function to evaluate the benefit from achieving a transmission rate, we interpret the resource allocation problem as a global optimization problem. The solution to this problem is characterized by a new fairness criterion, \e{utility proportional fairness}. We argue that it is an application level performance measure, i.e. the utility that should be shared fairly among users. As a result of our analysis, we obtain congestion control laws at links and sources that are globally stable and provide a utility proportional fair resource allocation in equilibrium. We show that a utility proportional fair resource allocation also ensures utility max-min fairness for all users sharing a single path in the network. As a special case of our framework, we incorporate utility max-min fairness for the entire network. To implement our approach, neither per-flow state at the routers nor explicit feedback beside ECN (Explicit Congestion Notification) from the routers to the end-systems is required.
    Keywords: ddc:000
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  • 15
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    Die Mathematik der kürzesten Wege. Inhalte und Methoden für den Unterricht (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: Wie findet man den optimalen Weg im U-Bahnnetz? Das Problem wird als Graph modelliert und dann eine Breitensuche durchgeführt. Will man Weglängen oder Fahrzeiten mitberücksichtigen, so braucht man den Algorithmus von Dijkstra für gewichtige Graphen. Beim Nachdenken über diese Algorithmen werden auch Fragestellungen der Graphentheorie berührt. In einem zweiten Abschnitt werden methodische Hinweise für den Unterricht in der Sekundarstufe I und II gegeben, insbesondere, wie man Lernende dazu bringen kann, ihre Ideen für Algorithmen präzise zu analysieren und zu Papier zu bringen.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: German
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  • 16
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    Perron Cluster Analysis and Its Connection to Graph Partitioning for Noisy Data (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: The problem of clustering data can be formulated as a graph partitioning problem. Spectral methods for obtaining optimal solutions have reveceived a lot of attention recently. We describe Perron Cluster Cluster Analysis (PCCA) and, for the first time, establish a connection to spectral graph partitioning. We show that in our approach a clustering can be efficiently computed using a simple linear map of the eigenvector data. To deal with the prevalent problem of noisy and possibly overlapping data we introduce the min Chi indicator which helps in selecting the number of clusters and confirming the existence of a partition of the data. This gives a non-probabilistic alternative to statistical mixture-models. We close with showing favorable results on the analysis of gene expressi on data for two different cancer types.
    Keywords: ddc:000
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  • 17
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    Linear Programming Lower Bounds for Minimum Converter Wavelength Assignment in Optical Networks (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: In this paper, we study the conflict-free assignment of wavelengths to lightpaths in an optical network with the opportunity to place wavelength converters. To benchmark heuristics for the problem, we develop integer programming formulations and study their properties. Moreover, we study the computational performance of the column generation algorithm for solving the linear relaxation of the most promising formulation. In many cases, a non-zero lower bound on the number of required converters is generated this way. For several instances, we in fact prove optimality since the lower bound equals the best known solution value.
    Keywords: ddc:000
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  • 18
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    On PDE Solution in Transient Optimization of Gas Networks (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2021-02-01
    Description: Operative planning in gas distribution networks leads to large-scale mixed-integer optimization problems involving a hyperbolic PDE defined on a graph. We consider the NLP obtained under prescribed combinatorial decisions---or as relaxation in a branch and bound framework, addressing in particular the KKT systems arising in primal-dual interior methods. We propose a custom solution algorithm using sparse local projections, based on the KKT systems' structual properties induced by the discretized gas flow equations in combination with the underlying network topology. The numerical efficiency and accuracy of the algorithm are investigated, and detailed computational comparisons with a control space method and with the multifrontal solver MA27 are provided.
    Keywords: ddc:000
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  • 19
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    Optimization Models for Operative Planning in Drinking Water Networks (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2021-02-01
    Description: The topic of this paper is minimum cost operative planning of pressurized water supply networks over a finite horizon and under reliable demand forecast. Since this is a very hard problem, it is desirable to employ sophisticated mathematical algorithms, which in turn calls for carefully designed models with suitable properties. The paper develops a nonlinear mixed integer model and a nonlinear programming model with favorable properties for gradient-based optimization methods, based on smooth component models for the network elements. In combination with further nonlinear programming techniques (to be reported elsewhere), practically satisfactory near-optimum solutions even for large networks can be generated in acceptable time using standard optimization software on a PC workstation. Such an optimization system is in operation at Berliner Wasserbetriebe.
    Keywords: ddc:000
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  • 20
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    Unterrichtsideen zu Algorithmen der kombinatorischen Optimierung (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: Im Rahmen von Problemstellungen der kombinatorischen Optimierung können Schülerinnen und Schüler lernen, Algorithmen selber zu entwickeln. Gleichzeitig lernen sie dabei moderne Mathematik in ihren Anwendungen kennen und erleben die Mathematik als lebendige Wissenschaft.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: German
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  • 21
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    Computing Optimal Morse Matchings (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2020-12-15
    Description: Morse matchings capture the essential structural information of discrete Morse functions. We show that computing optimal Morse matchings is NP-hard and give an integer programming formulation for the problem. Then we present polyhedral results for the corresponding polytope and report on computational results.
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  • 22
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    Provably Good Solutions for Wavelength Assignment in Optical Networks (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: In this paper, we study the minimum converter wavelength assignment problem in optical networks. To benchmark the quality of solutions obtained by heuristics, we derive an integer programming formula tion by generalizing the formulation of Mehrotra and Trick (1996) for the vertex coloring problem. To handle the exponential number of variables, we propose a column generation approach. Computational experiments show that the value of the linear relaxation states a good lower bound and can often prove optimality of the best solution generated heuristically.
    Keywords: ddc:000
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  • 23
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    A Note on Contraction Degeneracy (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2014-11-10
    Description: The parameter contraction degeneracy -- the maximum minimum degree over all minors of a graph -- is a treewidth lower bound and was first defined in (Bodlaender, Koster, Wolle, 2004). In experiments it was shown that this lower bound improves upon other treewidth lower bounds. In this note, we examine some relationships between the contraction degeneracy and connected components of a graph, block s of a graph and the genus of a graph. We also look at chordal graphs, and we study an upper bound on the contraction degeneracy and another lower bound for treewidth. A data structure that can be used for algorithms computing the degeneracy and similar parameters, is also described.
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  • 24
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    On the Maximum Cardinality Search Lower Bound for Treewidth (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2014-11-10
    Description: The Maximum Cardinality Search algorithm visits the vertices of a graph in some order, such that at each step, an unvisited vertex that has the largest number of visited neighbors becomes visited. An MCS-ordering of a graph is an ordering of the vertices that can be generated by the Maximum Cardinality Search algorithm. The visited degree of a vertex $v$ in an MCS-ordering is the number of neighbors of $v$ that are before $v$ in the ordering. The visited degree of an MCS-ordering $\psi$ of $G$ is the maximum visited degree over all vertices $v$ in $\psi$. The maximum visited degree over all MCS-orderings of graph $G$ is called its {\em maximum visited degree}. Lucena (2003) showed that the treewidth of a graph $G$ is at least its maximum visited degree. We show that the maximum visited degree is of size $O(\log n)$ for planar graphs, and give examples of planar graphs $G$ with maximum visited degree $k$ with $O(k!)$ vertices, for all $k\in \Bbb{N}$. Given a graph $G$, it is NP-complete to determine if its maximum visited degree is at least $k$, for any fixed $k\geq 7$. Also, this problem does not have a polynomial time approximation algorithm with constant ratio, unless P=NP. Variants of the problem are also shown to be NP-complete. We also propose and experimentally analyses some heuristics for the problem. Several tiebreakers for the MCS algorithm are proposed and evaluated. We also give heuristics that give upper bounds on the value of the maximum visited degree of a graph, which appear to give results close to optimal on many graphs from real life applications.
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  • 25
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    A new Model for the Free Energy of Solvation and its Application in Protein Ligand Scoring (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: A new and time efficient model to evaluate the free energy of solvation has been developed. The solvation free energy is separated into an electrostatic term, a hydrogen bond term, and a rest-term, combining both entropic and van der Waals effects. The electrostatic contribution is evaluated with a simplified boundary element method using the partial charges of the MMFF94 force field. The number of hydrogen bonds and the solvent excluded surface area over the surface atoms are used in a linear model to estimate the non-electrostatic contribution. This model is applied to a set of 213 small and mostly organic molecules, yielding an rmsd of 0.87kcal/mol and a correlation with experimental data of r=0.951. The model is applied as a supplementary component of the free energy of binding to estimate binding constants of protein ligand complexes. The intermolecular interaction energy is evaluated by using the MMFF94 force field.
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  • 26
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    Multiple Semi-flexible 3D Superposition of Drug-sized Molecules (2004)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-03-06
    Description: In this paper we describe a new algorithm for multiple semi-flexible superpositioning of drug-sized molecules. The algorithm identifies structural similarities of two or more molecules. When comparing a set of molecules on the basis of their three-dimensional structures, one is faced with two main problems. (1) Molecular structures are not fixed but flexible, i.e., a molecule adopts different forms. To address this problem, we consider a set of conformers per molecule. As conformers we use representatives of conformational ensembles, generated by the program ZIBMol. (2) The degree of similarity may vary considerably among the molecules. This problem is addressed by searching for similar substructures present in arbitrary subsets of the given set of molecules. The algorithm requires to preselect a reference molecule. All molecules are compared to this reference molecule. For this pairwise comparison we use a two-step approach. Clique detection on the correspondence graph of the molecular structures is used to generate start transformations, which are then iteratively improved to compute large common substructures. The results of the pairwise comparisons are efficiently merged using binary matching trees. All common substructures that were found, whether they are common to all or only a few molecules, are ranked according to different criteria, such as number of molecules containing the substructure, size of substructure, and geometric fit. For evaluating the geometric fit, we extend a known scoring function by introducing weights which allow to favor potential pharmacophore points. Despite considering the full atomic information for identifying multiple structural similarities, our algorithm is quite fast. Thus it is well suited as an interactive tool for the exploration of structural similarities of drug-sized molecules.
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    Data Management for Processing Molecules (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: Molecular dynamics simulations of possible ligands for proteins yield large amounts of data in the form of trajectories which are further processed in order to find metastable conformations. These conformations can then be used for docking between ligand and protein. Around this core computation procedure lots of other data have to be managed. It should also be possible for external users not involved in program development to perform computations. As a paradigm for other fields where a similar constitution of program usage and data processing is found we present a software architecture for data generation, access and management. Requirements for this system include: Ease of use, graphical user interface, persistent storage of data concerning molecules, users, programs, program parameters, metadata, and results. A mere storage in the file system would render a quick overview of data more or less impossible. On the other hand, storing large amounts of binary data in a database doesn't yield any advantage concerning speed of access. Therefore, a hybrid approach combining file system and database is appropriate. The system should be easily extensible by inserting new applications which can be controlled and whose results can be collected and stored. The software system described here consists of different components, the presentation layer (graphical user interface), the business logic, the persistence layer (relational database plus file system), and an interface to the compute cluster (batch system for parallel processing). We will discuss the alternatives and take a closer look at the components.
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    Visual Analysis of Molecular Conformations by Means of a Dynamic Density Mixture Model (2004)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-03-09
    Description: We propose an approach for transforming the sampling of a molecular conformation distribution into an analytical model based on Hidden Markov Models. The model describes the sampled shape density as a mixture of multivariate unimodal densities. Thus, it delivers an interpretation of the sampled density as a set of typical shapes that appear with different probabilities and are characterized by their geometry, their variability and transition probabilities between the shapes. The gained model is used to identify atom groups of constant shape that are connected by metastable torsion angles. Based on this description an alignment for the original sampling is computed. As it takes into account the different shapes contained in the sampled set, this alignment allows to compute reasonable average shapes and meaningful shape density plots. Furthermore, it enables us to visualize typical conformations.
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    MOMENTUM Data Scenarios for Radio Network Planning and Simulation (Extended Abstract) (2004)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-11
    Description: We present publicly available data sets related to research on wireless networks. The scenarios contain a wide range of data and are detailed in all aspects. To our knowledge, this is the most realistic, comprehensive, and detailed \emph{public} data collection on mobile networking. We indicate example uses of this data collection in applications related tu UMTS.
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    Models for Line Planning in Public Transport (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2020-12-15
    Description: The \emph{line planning problem} is one of the fundamental problems in strategic planning of public and rail transport. It consists of finding lines and corresponding frequencies in a public transport network such that a given travel demand can be satisfied. There are (at least) two objectives. The transport company wishes to minimize its operating cost; the passengers request short travel times. We propose two new multi-commodity flow models for line planning. Their main features, in comparison to existing models, are that the passenger paths can be freely routed and that the lines are generated dynamically.
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    Triangulated Manifolds with Few Vertices: Centrally Symmetric Spheres and Products of Spheres (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: The aim of this paper is to give a survey of the known results concerning centrally symmetric polytopes, spheres, and manifolds. We further enumerate nearly neighborly centrally symmetric spheres and centrally symmetric products of spheres with dihedral or cyclic symmetry on few vertices, and we present an infinite series of vertex-transitive nearly neighborly centrally symmetric 3-spheres.
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    Anisotropic Simulation of the Human Mandible (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2019-05-10
    Description: We focus on the role of anisotropic elasticity in the simulation of the load distribution in a human mandible due to a lateral bite on the leftmost premolar. Based on experimental evidence, we adopt ``local''" orthotropy of the elastic properties of the bone tissue. Since the trajectories of anisotropic elasticity are not accessible from Computer Tomographic (CT) data, they will be reconstructed from (i) the organ's geometry and (ii) from coherent structures which can be recognized from the spatial distribution of the CT values. A sensitivity analysis comprising various 3D FE simulations reveals the relevance of elastic anisotropy for the load carrying behavior of a human mandible: Comparison of the load distributions in isotropic and anisotropic simulations indicates that anisotropy seems to ``spare''" the mandible from loading. Moreover, a maximum degree of anisotropy leads to kind of an load minimization of the mandible, expressed by a minimum of different norms of local strain, evaluated throughout the organ. Thus, we may suggest that anisotropy is not only relevant, but also in some sense ``optimal''.
    Keywords: ddc:000
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    Affine conjugate adaptive Newton methods for nonlinear elastomechanics (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2019-05-10
    Description: The paper extends affine conjugate Newton methods from convex to nonconvex minimization, with particular emphasis on PDE problems originating from compressible hyperelasticity. Based on well-known schemes from finite dimensional nonlinear optimization, three different algorithmic variants are worked out in a function space setting, which permits an adaptive multilevel finite element implementation. These algorithms are tested on two well-known 3D test problems and a real-life example from surgical operation planning.
    Keywords: ddc:000
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    A Geometrical Characterization of the Multidimensional Hausdorff and Dale Polytopes with Applications to Exit Time Problems (2004)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: We present formulae for the corner points of the multidimensional Hausdorff and Dale Polytopes and show how these results can be used to improve linear programming models for computing e.\,g.\ moments of exit distribution of diffusion processes. Specifically, we compute the mean exit time of twodimensional Brownian motion from the unit square and the unit triangle, as well as higher moments of the exit time of time space Brownian motion from a triangle.
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    The Normal Graph Conjecture is true for Circulants (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2014-11-10
    Description: Normal graphs are defined in terms of cross-intersecting set families: a graph is normal if it admits a clique cover $\cal Q$ and a stable set cover $\cal S$ s.t.~every clique in $\cal Q$ intersects every stable set in $\cal S$. Normal graphs can be considered as closure of perfect graphs by means of co-normal products (Körner 1973) and graph entropy (Czisz\'ar et al. 1990). Perfect graphs have been recently characterized as those graphs without odd holes and odd antiholes as induced subgraphs (Strong Perfect Graph Theorem, Chudnovsky et al. 2002). Körner and de Simone observed that $C_5$, $C_7$, and $\overline C_7$ are minimal not normal and conjectured, as generalization of the Strong Perfect Graph Theorem, that every $C_5$, $C_7$, $\overline C_7$- free graph is normal (Normal Graph Conjecture, Körner and de Simone 1999). We prove this conjecture for a first class of graphs that generalize both odd holes and odd antiholes, the circulants, by characterizing all the normal circulants.
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    One-Point Suspensions and Wreath Products of Polytopes and Spheres (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: It is known that the suspension of a simplicial complex can be realized with only one additional point. Suitable iterations of this construction generate highly symmetric simplicial complexes with a various interesting combinatorial and topological properties. In particular, infinitely many non-PL spheres as well as contactible simplicial complexes with a vertex-transitive group of automorphisms cab be contained in this way.
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    Segmentation of the Liver using a 3D Statistical Shape Model (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2020-03-10
    Description: This paper presents an automatic approach for segmentation of the liver from computer tomography (CT) images based on a 3D statistical shape model. Segmentation of the liver is an important prerequisite in liver surgery planning. One of the major challenges in building a 3D shape model from a training set of segmented instances of an object is the determination of the correspondence between different surfaces. We propose to use a geometric approach that is based on minimizing the distortion of the correspondence mapping between two different surfaces. For the adaption of the shape model to the image data a profile model based on the grey value appearance of the liver and its surrounding tissues in contrast enhanced CT data was developed. The robustness of this method results from a previous nonlinear diffusion filtering of the image data. Special focus is turned to the quantitative evaluation of the segmentation process. Several different error measures are discussed and implemented in a study involving more than 30 livers.
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    Branching rules revisited (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2021-08-05
    Description: Mixed integer programs are commonly solved with linear programming based branch-and-bound algorithms. The success of the algorithm strongly depends on the strategy used to select the variable to branch on. We present a new generalization called {\sl reliability branching} of today's state-of-the-art {\sl strong branching} and {\sl pseudocost branching} strategies for linear programming based branch-and-bound algorithms. After reviewing commonly used branching strategies and performing extensive computational studies we compare different parameter settings and show the superiority of our proposed newstrategy.
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    A Bundle Method for Integrated Multi-Depot Vehicle and Duty Scheduling in Public Transit (2004)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-03-09
    Description: This article proposes a Lagrangean relaxation approach to solve integrated duty and vehicle scheduling problems arising in public transport. The approach is based on the proximal bundle method for the solution of concave decomposable functions, which is adapted for the approximate evaluation of the vehicle and duty scheduling components. The primal and dual information generated by the bundle method is used to guide a branch-and-bound type algorithm. Computational results for large-scale real-world integrated vehicle and duty scheduling problems with up to 1,500 timetabled trips are reported. Compared with the results of a classical sequential approach and with reference solutions, integrated scheduling offers remarkable potentials in savings and drivers' satisfaction.
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    Adaptive Finite Element Simulation of the Human Mandible Using a New Physiological Model of the Masticatory Muscles (2004)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-10
    Description: Structural mechanics simulation of bony organs is of general medical and biomechanical interest, because of the interdependence of the inner architecture of bone and its functional loading already stated by Wolff in 1892. This work is part of a detailed research project concerning the human mandible. By adaptive finite element techniques, stress/strain profiles occurring in the bony structure under biting were simulated. Estimates of the discretization errors, local grid refinement, and multilevel techniques guarantee the reliability and efficiency of the method. In general, our simulation requires a representation of the organ's geometry, an appropriate material description, and the load case due to teeth, muscle, or joint forces. In this paper, we want to focus on the influence of the masticatory system. Our goal is to capture the physiological situation as far as possible. By means of visualization techniques developed by the group, we are able to extract individual muscle fibres from computed tomography data. By a special algorithm, the fibres are expanded to fanlike (esp. for the musc. temporalis) coherent vector fields similar to the anatomical reality. The activity of the fibres can be adapted according to compartmentalisation of the muscles as measured by electromyological experiments. A refined sensitivity analysis proved remarkable impact of the presented approach on the simulation results.
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    KKT Systems in Operative Planning for Gas Distribution Networks (2004)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-01
    Description: Operative planning in gas networks with prescribed binary decisions yields large scale nonlinear programs defined on graphs. We study the structure of the KKT systems arising in interior methods and present a customized direct solution algorithm. Computational results indicate that the algorithm is suitable for optimization in small and medium-sized gas networks.
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    Indexierung von Online-Katalogen: Ein gemeinsames Konzept der ALEPH-Anwender in Berlin (2004)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-05
    Description: Der Kooperative Bibliotheksverbund Berlin-Brandenburg (KOBV) verzichtet auf eine einheitliche zentrale Verbunddatenbank zugunsten einer dezentralen, verteilten Struktur. In dieser Architektur erhält die Art der Indexierung der angesprochenen Online-Kataloge eine besondere Bedeutung. So werden sowohl Bibliotheksmitarbeiter als auch Bibliotheksbenutzer immer wieder mit der Recherche in fremden Katalogen konfrontiert, in denen unterschiedliche Indexierungsverfahren realisiert sein können. Ein abgestimmtes Indexierungskonzept verfolgt zwei grundsätzliche Ziele. Einerseits soll durch eine vereinheitlichte Indexierung die Qualität und Zuverlässigkeit der Rechercheergebnisse in der parallelen Suche in mehreren Katalogen über die KOBV-Suchmaschine erhöht werden. Gleichzeitig soll durch eine vereinheitlichte Indexierung die Akzeptanz von Suchen in entfernten Katalogen prinzipiell gesteigert und damit die Bedingungen für die gegenseitige Übernahme von Titeldaten erleichtert werden. Für die Indexierung muss zunächst die Art und der Umfang der im OPAC aufzubauenden Indices festgelegt werden. Aus Sicht des Nutzers entspricht diese Definition den möglichen Sucheinstiegen. Hat man dann entschieden, welche Indexterme aus welchen Feldern in die jeweiligen Indices einfließen sollen, muss bestimmt werden, nach welchen Regeln die Terme behandelt werden. Hier stellt sich insbesondere das Problem der Sonderzeichen wie Bindestriche, Apostrophe und Punkte oder Ziffern in Zeichenketten. Das vorliegende Konzept entstand in Zusammenarbeit der großen Universitätsbibliotheken in Berlin (der Freien Universität, der Humboldt-Universität, der Technischen Universität, der Universität der Künste) mit der KOBV-Verbundzentrale am ZIB.
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    Language: German
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    Integrable quadratic Hamiltonians on so(4) and so(3,1) (2004)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: We investigate a special class of quadratic Hamiltonians on $so(4)$ and $so(3,1)$ and describe Hamiltonians that have additional polynomial integrals. One of the main results is a new integrable case with an integral of sixth degree.
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    Holes, Antiholes and Maximal Cliques in a Railway Model for a Single Track (2004)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-16
    Description: We present a graph theoretical model for scheduling trains on a single unidirectional track between two stations. The set of departures of all possible train types at all possible (discrete) points of time is turned into an undirected graph $\Gneu$ by joining two nodes if the corresponding departures are in conflict. This graph $\Gneu$ has no odd antiholes and no $k$-holes for any integer $k\geq 5$. In particular, any finite, node induced subgraph of $\Gneu$ is perfect. For any integer $r\geq 2$ we construct minimal headways for $r$ train types so that the resulting graph $\Gneu$ has $2r$-antiholes and $4$-holes at the same time. Hence, $\Gneu$ is neither a chordal graph nor the complement of a chordal graph, in general. At the end we analyse the maximal cliques in $G$.
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    Robust Process Control by Dynamic Stochastic Programming (2004)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-01
    Description: Unnecessarily conservative behavior of standard process control techniques can be avoided by stochastic programming models when the distribution of random disturbances is known. In an earlier study we have investigated such an approach for tank level constraints of a distillation process. Here we address techniques that have accelerated the numerical solution of the large and expensive stochastic programs by a factor of six, and then present a refined optimization model for the same application.
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    The Effect of Hop Limits on Optimal Cost in Survivable Network Design (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: We investigate the impact of hop-limited routing paths on the total cost of a telecommunication network. For different survivability settings (dedicated protection, link and path restoration), the optimal network cost without restrictions on the admissible path set is compared to the results obtained with two strategies to impose hop limits on routing paths. In a thorough computational study on optimal solutions for nine real-world based problem instances, we show that hop limits should be avoided if the technology allows it and network cost is a major planning issue. In this case, column generation should be employed to deal with all routing paths. If hop-limits are required, these should be defined for each demand individually and as large as possible.
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    Reoptimization Gaps versus Model Errors in Online-Dispatching of Service Units for ADAC (2004)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-13
    Description: Under high load, the automated dispatching of service vehicles for the German Automobile Association (ADAC) must reoptimize a dispatch for 100--150 vehicles and 400 requests in about ten seconds to near optimality. In the presence of service contractors, this can be achieved by the column generation algorithm ZIBDIP. In metropolitan areas, however, service contractors cannot be dispatched automatically because they may decline. The problem: a model without contractors yields larger optimality gaps within ten seconds. One way-out are simplified reoptimization models. These compute a short-term dispatch containing only some of the requests: unknown future requests will influence future service anyway. The simpler the models the better the gaps, but also the larger the model error. What is more significant: reoptimization gap or reoptimization model error? We answer this question in simulations on real-world ADAC data: only the new model ZIBDIP{\footnotesize dummy} can keep up with ZIBDIP.
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    Contraction and Treewidth Lower Bounds (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2020-11-13
    Description: Edge contraction is shown to be a useful mechanism to improve lower bound heuristics for treewidth. A successful lower bound for treewidth is the degeneracy: the maximum over all subgraphs of the minimum degree. The degeneracy is polynomial time computable. We introduce the notion of contraction degeneracy: the maximum over all minors of the minimum degree. We show that the contraction degeneracy problem is NP-complete, even for bipartite graphs, but for fixed $k$, it is polynomial time decidable if a given graph $G$ has contraction degeneracy at least $k$. Heuristics for computing the contraction degeneracy are proposed and evaluated. It is shown that these can lead in practice to considerable improvements of the lower bound for treewidth, but can perform arbitrarily bad on some examples. A study is also made for the combination of contraction with Lucena's lower bound based on Maximum Cardinality Search (Lucena, 2003). Finally, heuristics for the treewidth are proposed and! evaluated that combine contraction with a treewidth lower bound technique by Clautiaux et al (2003).
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    Das KOBV-Portal, elektronische Ressourcen in Berlin-Brandenburg: Nachweis, parallele Suche und weiterführende Dienste (2004)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-13
    Description: \documentclass[12pt]{article} \usepackage{german} \parindent=0pt \begin{document} Der Kooperative Bibliotheksverbund Berlin-Brandenburg (KOBV) hat in den Jahren 2001 bis 2003 im Rahmen des Entwicklungsprojektes ''KOBV-Informationsportal`` ein regionales Portal aufgebaut, in dem integrierte Informationsdienste fr die regionalen Bibliotheken zur Verfügung gestellt werden. Das ''KOBV-Portal - Digitale Bibliothek Berlin-Brandenburg`` wurde im Dezember 2003 in Betrieb genommen. Das KOBV-Portal bietet in seiner ersten Ausbaustufe den Nachweis über die in den großen Bibliotheken lizenzierten Ressourcen und elektronischen Zeitschriften, zudem die nahtlose Navigation mittels des Reference-Linking-Werkzeuges SFX zu verschiedenen Diensten wie Fernleihe, Subito und freien Volltexten im Internet sowie zu frei zugänglichen elektronischen Zeitschriften. Realisiert wurden ferner die Remote-Authentifizierung, mit der sich ein Nutzer, der online eine Fernleih-Bestellung aufgeben möchte, über das Internet in seiner Heimatbibliothek authentifizieren kann. Des weiteren ist der Zugriff auf lizenzierte Bestände im Campus einer Hochschule mittels IP-Checking möglich. Als weiteren wesentlichen Bestandteil des KOBV-Portals hat die KOBV-Zentrale mit den Bibliotheken einen Workflow für ein Metadata-Sharing abgestimmt und für die Adaption und Normalisierung lokaler Metadaten aus lokalen Bibliothekssystemen und -Portalen den KOBV-Metadaten-Austausch-Parser (KMA-Parser) entwickelt. Damit Bibliotheken, deren Metadaten bislang lediglich in unstrukturierter Form vorliegen, strukturierte Metadaten anlegen, liefern und nachnutzen können, hat die KOBV-Zentrale das mit einer Web-Katalogisierungsschnittstelle ausgestattete ''Metadata-Tool`` entwickelt. Die für das Metadata-Sharing entwickelten Komponenten und Module sollen den Bibliotheken die Mehrfacherfassung ersparen und ihnen die Möglichkeit der wechselseitigen Nachnutzung der Metadaten eröffnen. Der vorliegende Projekt-Abschlussbericht gibt einen Überblick über die während der Projektlaufzeit realisierten Dienste des KOBV-Portals. \end{document}
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    Wie komme ich optimal zum Ziel? Unterricht über kürzeste-Wege-Algorithmen für Graphen (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: Kürzeste Wege tauchen fast überall im Alltag auf. Daher eignet sich dieses Optimierungsproblem gut für den Unterricht. Modellierung und heuristische Vorgehensweisen werden geübt, um schließlich die klassischen kürzesten Wege-Algorithmen selbst zu erfinden. In diesem Artikel werden die Inhalte vorgestellt und konkrete Hinweise zum Unterricht in der Schule gegeben.
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    Language: German
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    A Control Reduced Primal Interior Point Method for PDE Constrained Optimization (2004)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-29
    Description: A primal interior point method for control constrained optimal control problems with PDE constraints is considered. Pointwise elimination of the control leads to a homotopy in the remaining state and dual variables, which is addressed by a short step pathfollowing method. The algorithm is applied to the continuous, infinite dimensional problem, where discretization is performed only in the innermost loop when solving linear equations. The a priori elimination of the least regular control permits to obtain the required accuracy with comparable coarse meshes. Convergence of the method and discretization errors are studied, and the method is illustrated at two numerical examples.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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    Hierarchical Infrastructure Planning in Networks (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-11
    Description: In this article, strategical infrastructure planning problems in the design of large-scale telecommunication networks are discussed based on experiences from three projects with industrial partners: The access network planning of the German Gigabit-Wissenschaftsnetz (G-WiN) for DFN (Verein zur Förderung eines Deutschen Forschungsnetzes e.V.), the mobile network switching center location planning project for E-Plus Mobilfunk, and the fixed network switching center location planning project for TELEKOM AUSTRIA. We introduce a mathematical model for a hierarchical multi-commodity capacitated facility location problem, present adaptions of this basic model to the specific requirements within the different projects and discuss the individual peculiarities and model decisions made. Eventually, we present and discuss computational results of three associated case studies, illustrating '"how we did the job`` with mathematical methods.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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    Degree-Based Treewidth Lower Bounds (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2014-11-10
    Description: Every lower bound for treewidth can be extended by taking the maximum of the lower bound over all subgraphs or minors. This extension is shown to be a very vital idea for improving treewidth lower bounds. In this paper, we investigate a total of nine graph parameters, providing lower bounds for treewidth. The parameters have in common that they all are the vertex-degree of some vertex in a subgra ph or minor of the input graph. We show relations between these graph parameters and study their computational complexity. To allow a practical comparison of the bounds, we developed heuristic algorithms for those parameters that are NP-hard to compute. Computational experiments show that combining the treewidth lower bounds with minors can considerably improve the lower bounds.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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    The convergence of an interior point method for an elliptic control problem with mixed control-state constraints (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2019-01-29
    Description: The paper addresses primal interior point method for state constrained PDE optimal control problems. By a Lavrentiev regularization, the state constraint is transformed to a mixed control-state constraint with bounded Lagrange multiplier. Existence and convergence of the central path are established, and linear convergence of a short-step pathfollowing method is shown. The behaviour of the regularizations are demonstrated by numerical examples.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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    Homogenization for a Nonlocal Coupling Model (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: In [7,8,12] homogenization techniques are applied to derive an anisotropic variant of the bio-heat transfer equation as asymptotic result of boundary value problems providing a microscopic description for microvascular tissue. In view of a future application on treatment planning in hyperthermia, we investigate here the homogenization limit for a coupling model, which takes additionally into account the influence of convective heat transfer in medium size blood vessels. This leads to second order elliptic boundary value problems with nonlocal boundary conditions on parts of the boundary. Moreover, we present asymptotic estimates for first order correctors.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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    Polynomial Inequalities Representing Polyhedra (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: Our main result is that every $n$-dimensional polytope can be described by at most $2n-1$ polynomial inequalities and, moreover, these polynomials can explicitly be constructed. For an $n$-dimensional pointed polyhedral cone we prove the bound $2n-2$ and for arbitrary polyhedra we get a constructible representation by $2n$ polynomial inequalities.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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    Das KOBV-Metadaten-Schema im KOBV-Portal (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2023-10-05
    Description: Das KOBV-Metadaten-Schema ist von der KOBV-Zentrale entwickelt worden, um Ressourcen im Sinn von Informationskollektionen wie Datenbanken oder Fachportale zu beschreiben. Es ist ein wichtiger Bestandteil des KOBV-Portals, das die in der Region verf"ugbaren Ressourcen nachweist. Das KOBV-Metadaten-Schema dient den Bibliotheken zur Handreichung, um dem KOBV-Portal die Ressourcen mit den standardisierten und individuellen Angaben zu melden, so dass die Ressourcebeschreibungen einem austauschbaren Format entsprechen. Auf diese Weise k"onnen Ressourcebeschreibungen von anderen Bibliotheken mitgenutzt werden und ein Metadata-Sharing in der Region Berlin-Brandenburg praktiziert werden, um in diesem Bereich doppelte Arbeiten zu sparen.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: German
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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    Spermic dimorphism in Goniobasis laqueata (Say) (1935)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 57 (1935), S. 1-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Two kinds of spermatozoa are formed in the testis of Goniobasis laqueata, typical (eupyrene) and atypical (apyrene); a similar dimorphism is noted in several other related genera. The development of each type of spermatozoon is described in Goniobasis. The apyrene spermatozoa do not appear in the testis until eupyrene spermatogenesis has progressed to the formation of mature eupyrene spermatozoa. After this time apyrene spermatogenesis becomes predominant. It is suggested that this condition is indicative of a modified protandric hermaphroditism, according to a recent theory of spermic dimorphism. The anatomy of the reproductive system of Goniobasis is described briefly, and the behavior and fate of the two types of spermatozoa are noted. Only the eupyrene spermatozoa are inclosed in a spermatophore formed in a special organ of the male, the apyrenes being somehow excluded. Thus the latter do not reach the female in copulation and can have no necessary functional relationship to the ova at the time of fertilization. The delayed formation of the apyrene spermatozoa, and other facts, indicate that they are probably not concerned with the nutrition or transport of the eupyrene spermatozoa.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050570102
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    The early development of the thymus glands in amia calvaContribution from the Zoölogical Laboratory, University of Illinois, No. 461. (1935)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 57 (1935), S. 61-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Three pairs of thymus primordia are found at 6 to 6.5 mm. on the dorsal lateral ends of the second, third and fourth visceral pouches. Those on each side after fusing by growth and migratin come to lie above the third visceral pouch, whence the thymus migrates upward and backward; growing in size, it stretches above the ends of all the gill pouches. It pushes inward into the mesenchyme at 12 to 13 mm. and becomes perforated and surrounded by blood vessels and connective tissue which separate it almost completely from the epithelium. No septa are found; occasionally the third primordium fails to fuse and forms a separate lobe.The early thymus is a syncytium in which are found lymphoblasts, identified by structure of the cytosome and its behavior during mitosis. Evidence is presented that lymphoblasts migrate into the thymus where they increase in number with corresponding increase in length of cytoplasmic bridges and size of intercellular spaces. At 10 mm. begins a rapid increase in size of the thymus and in number of lymphoblasts and decrease in size of the latter, culminating at 12 to 13 mm. in their transformation into thymocytes. A medulla associated with blood vessels is unmistakable at 30 mm.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050570104
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    Development of the sense organs of the larva of Botryllus schlosseriA dissertation presented by the junior author to the Board of Graduate Studies of Washington University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of sceince. (1935)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 57 (1935), S. 185-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A study of the development of the sense organs of the larva of Botryllus schlosseri to determine, if possible, any homologies between its sense organs and those of other types of ascidians such as Molgula and Ammaroucium, which have sense organs structurally very different.The statolith appears in the Botryllus embryo as a single club-shaped cell. The lightsensitive organs have their primordia slightly later as five small filaments, each developed from a ganglion cell. A cavity appears in the statolith into which the light-sensitive filaments penetrate. Later development is concerned with pigmentation of the statolith, and a twisting process which orients it into the position in which it is found in the free-swimming larva. The three tactile papillae develop from evaginations of ectoderm at the anterior end of the embryo. The ectodermal cells at the center of a papilla are differentiated into rod-shaped sensory receptors and ganglion-like masses of nerve tissue. Nervous connections are established between these peripheral ganglia and the central nervous system.Results of the investigation indicate that the statoliths of the different ascidian larvae are homologous; the direction eyes probably are not, but have evolved independently from a light-sensitive area in the primitive larva of a common ancestral ascidian. The larvae of Molgula and Ammaroucium possess no structures comparable to the sensory papillae of Botryllus.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050570111
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    Masthead (1935)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 57 (1935) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050570201
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    A comparative study of the branchial epithelium in fishes, with special reference to extrarenal excretion (1935)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 57 (1935), S. 335-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A study of the brinchial epithelium in representative specimens of Cyclostomata Elasmobranchii and Teleostei fishes has been made, with special reference to the following: 1) the importance of physiological role of osmotic regulation effected by the gills; 2) the presence or absence of specialized secretory tissue; 3) progressive evolution of the fishes and the possible phylogenetic difference between them. In regard to these topics we find: 1) There is no indication of any specialization in the branchial epithelium of fishes indicating a special role in extrarenal excretion. 2) In the respiratory epithelium of fishes widely separated phylogenetically or in fishes in living in fresh or salt water, the only significant differences are that in general the teleosts have a squamous type of epithelium, whereas, the elasmobranchs have in general a thicker polyhedral investment. 3) Mucous cells appear large and numerous on the filament proper, smaller and less numerous in the interlamellar spaces, and on the free surface of the lamellae. These are the only specialized secretory cells which occur in the gills.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050570203
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    The excretory system of the trematode, Typhlocoelum cucumerinum, with notes on lymph-like structures in the family Cyclocoelidae (1935)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 57 (1935), S. 461-471 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The exeretory system of Typhlocoelum cucumerinum consists of three pairs of longitudinal channels communicating by a single ventral vessel with the excretory vesicle. Branches subdivide extensively and anastomose forming a dense network of tubules throughout the body. The vessele possess many of the features characteristic of lymph systems as described in amphistome trematodes. They have cuticular walls, come into intimate association with the intestine and contain a granular coagulum and cellular elements suspended in the lumen. The single system of vessels appears to be functioning as a combined lymph and excretory system. Typhlocoelum americanum Manter and Williams ('28) is regarded as a synonym of Typhlocoelum cucumerinum (Rud. 1809).
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050570206
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    The development of the thyroid gland in urodelesContribution from the Zoölogical Laboratories of the University of Illinois, no. 446 (1935)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 57 (1935), S. 597-615 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The development of the thyroid has been briefly described from an example of each of the four urodele families and comparisons drawn. An attempt has been made toward clarifying previous and conflicting accounts. The thyroid arises as a solid bud from the floor of the pharynx in the region of the first visceral pouches. This bud grows backward until it reaches the pericardium. Division of the primordium into lateral portions is inaugurated and the anterior end of the splitting thyroid loses its connection with the pharynx before the separation of the parts is completed. Some of the undivided anterior portion may persist as an accessory thryroid. After the two lateral thyroid masses are separated the yolk disappears from the cells which then form cell columns and enlarge as a result of the fusion of adjacent vesicles. A thyroid [release] occurs at the time of metamorphosis except in Necturus. After the [release] the follicles refill. Similarities in development and general histological picture are closer between Necturus and Cryptobranchus as a pair than between either of these forms and Amblystoma or Eurycea. Amblystoma and Eurycea also resemble each other in histological picture. It is suggested that Necturus produces the thyroid hormone in sufficient quantity to induce metamorphosis but that some other factor or factors serve to inhibit the response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050570212
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  • 65
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    Masthead (1935)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 58 (1935) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050580101
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  • 66
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    The role of muscular contraction in the production of configurations in the insect skeleton (1935)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 58 (1935), S. 41-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Extensive measurements were made on skeletal configurations and muscles of several forms of Hemiptera-Homoptera from the early nymphal instars to the adults, inclusive. It has been shown that several of the muscles actually decrease in length (i.e., contract) as the animal grows as a whole. Such a state of affairs has never before been observed, so far as the writer knows. The most marked increase in length of a skeletal invagination often coincides with the greatest amount of contracture of the muscle which is attached to its extremity. The characteristics of the arthropod skeleton, which consist of invaginations and evaginations are probably, in the forms studied, due to muscular contraction or to the prolonged sustenance of muscular tonicity.The form of muscular contraction described probably belongs to the ‘catch’ type rather than to the metabolic type. The direct cause of these muscular contractions is probably due to changes in physico-chemical constitution of the haemolymph.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050580103
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    The anatomy and histology of the malpighian tubules and the adjacent alimentary canal in melanoplus differentialis (1935)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 58 (1935), S. 173-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The tubules vary in number from about 190 to 300. They gather into twelve groups each consisting of an anterior and a posterior division and each emptying into one of twelve ampullae arranged equi-distant from each other about the wall of the posterior mid-gut and in a transverse plane just anterior to the sphincter muscle which marks, externally, the junction of mid- and hind-gut, that is to say, the ‘pyloric valve.’ The lumen of each ampulla is continuous with one of twelve furrows formed by the gathering of the hindgut epithelium into as many folds.The wall of the digestive tube is made up of, (1) an inner epithelium (tall columnar cells), (2) an intermediate connective tissue layer, and (3) an outer muscular coat (inner circular and outer longitudinal layer). The mid-gut epithelium dips down at frequent intervals to form crypts at the bases of which are the ‘regeneration centers.’ This epithelium is covered, on its luminar surface, by a curious striated border. The epithelium of the hind-gut appears to be covered by chitin.A malpighian tubule consists of a single layer of large polygonal cells with indistinct borders. It is covered externally by a thin membrene made up of ‘peritoneal cells’ and internally by a striated border similar to that in the mid-gut. Spiralling about each tubule from origin (free end) to insertion (in the gut) is a slender tracheole.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050580107
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    Effects of the flexed-tailed gene on the development of the house mouseThe breeding stock of the flexed-tailed mutant was made available through the courtesy of Prof. H. R. Hunt (1935)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 58 (1935), S. 117-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The flexures in the flexed-tailed mouse consist of unilateral fusions of adjacent vertebrae. Fusions, if complete, produce straight stiff segments.In normal mouse embryogeny, the precartilage cells surrounding the developing nucleus pulposus of the embryonic intervertebral disk in the proximal tail region begin to elongate and become fiber-like at about 14 days after fertilization. In the flexed mouse, such differentiation fails to take place on one side of an affected disk, and these cells develop through cartilage to bone. At such a point there is frequently a bend in the notochordal axis. Other abnormalities of the notochord have been observed. These are not the cause of the flexures.The gene for flexed tail also produces two effects more general in their expression. First, it slows the growth of the vertebral column as indicated by the shorter vertebrae of the proximal tail region. This is observable 13 days after fertilization. Second, it produces an embryonic anemia which is already in existence at 14 days after fertilization. It is postulated that the flexures are due to the retardation of growth at a time which is critical for the intervertebral disks. Whether this retardation is the primary effect of the gene and produces the anemia, or whether the anemia is primary and produces the retardation, the data do not show.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050580105
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    The eye of the monotreme, Echidna hystrix (1935)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 58 (1935), S. 279-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The histological structure of the eye of the monotreme, Echidna hystrix is described with reference to its comparative relationships. The eye is primarily mammalian in character but its choroid contains a definite cartilaginous plate and its retina is anangiotic.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050580112
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    The contractile vacuole of paramecium multimicronucleata (1935)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 58 (1935), S. 555-571 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Each contractile vacuole system of Paramecium multimicronucleata is made up of a number of components, some temporary and others permanent. The contracting vacuole with its membrane is a temporary structure as are the vesicles which fuse to form it. The vacuole discharges its contents to the exterior leaving a vestige closing the pore. The pore, with its discharging tubule and the feeding canals are permanent cell organelles. The feeding canals end in injection tubules which extend up to the pore. The vesicles, which later fuse to form the vacuole, are formed at the proximal end of the injection canals, leaving a membrane closing the canal, much as a food vacuole is formed at the gullet. The canal-fed contractile vacuole of Paramecium is very similar to the vesicle-fed vacuole of Euplotes both as to its origin and its fate. The Nassonov homology is rejected.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050580209
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    The early development of the hypoglossal musculature in the chick (1935)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 57 (1935), S. 473-499 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The hypoglossal downgrowth is initiated at about the twenty-somite stage, as ventral extensions from the postotic (occipital) myotomes 3 and 4. At thirty somites, occipital myotomes 2, 3 and 4, and cervical 1 have developed ventral processes. These descending processes with contributions from posterior myotomes later form a common condensed area below myotomes 2 to 7, the submyotomic tract. There develops from this a cord of mesoderm, the hypoglossal cord or downgrowth.The anterior postotic myotomes are classed as indirect (numbers 1, 2, 6 and 7) or direct (numbers 3, 4 and 5) contributors to the hypoglossal downgrowth.Mechanical factors associated with this growth process are discussed.The hypoglossal nerve at 75 hours has six roots, four occipital (numbers 1 to 4) and two cervical. The first two occipitai roots fail to keep pace in development and are subsequently lost. A transïtory connection of the third cervical to the hypoglossal nerve is demonstrated at the age of 5 days. At 6 days the first occipital root is reduced to scattered fibers, the remaining occipital roots, numbers 2 to 4, increase in size, cervicals 1 and 2 join the hypoglossa.The correspondence of the myotomes providing the contributions to the hypoglossal cord and the nerves providing the major contributing roots of the hypoglossal nerve is commented on.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050570207
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    The development of the anterior post-otic somites in the rabbit (1935)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 57 (1935), S. 501-531 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A study is presented of the most anterior postotic somites in a series of embryos from the five-somite stage to 16 days. A gradual fading out of the somite forming tendency in this region seems to be indicated both by the formation of a rudimentary somite and by conditions found in the first true somites.There are, in the rabbit, three occipital somites, all of which form myotomes. The fate of the myotomes is traced until their identity is lost in the formation of definitive muscle masses.From the sclerotomes two occipital arches, comparable to those of vertebrae, are formed and can be identified as late as the time of beginning chondrification. There is a marked compression of the tissues in this region, the sclerotomal material being not only relatively but actually shorter in older embryos. This compression results in, 1) the approximation of the hypoglossal roots, and, 2) the fusion of the two occipital arches.The cartilaginous basal plate in rabbits begins development at its caudal end and differentiates anteriorly from this with little evidence of a primitive segmentation except as this posterior first center might be called a segment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050570208
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    The development and structure of the eyes, ocelli, of the female black scale, Saissetia oleae bernI desire to thank Prof. H. J. Quayle, of the University of California, for his kindness in sending me both preserved and living material of the black seale. (1935)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 57 (1935), S. 571-595 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The female black scale possesses a pair of lateral ocelli. Each develops as a small disc of enlarged hypodermal cells which increases in size and invaginates. The disc finally becomes cut off from the hypodermis to form a vesicle lying between the regular hypodermis and the lateral margin of the brain. The vesicle becomes differentiated into two parts. The outer group of cells forms the vitreous body, the inner group gives rise to the retina. The vitreous body soon begins to secrete the lens which, during embryonic life, becomes biconvex. Pigment granules form only in the retinal cells; at first yellow, later black. The ocellus of the first instar is similar to that of the embryo. During first and second ecdyses the old lens is cast off and a new one secreted by the vitreous body. A large, irregularly shaped crystalline body forms between the vitreous body and the retina. The ocellus is of four parts: lens, vitreous body, crystallin body and retina. Retinal cells are at first nucleated but the nuclei probably pass to the nerve fibers each one of which is connected to a retinal cell. The ocellus does not change in structure throughout the life of the insect but finally disintegrates. The disintegration begins on the inner surface of the lens. Ocelli developed in the embryo remain unchanged throughout the insect's life.
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    The formation of shell in the tiger snailAbridgment of the thesis submittd in partial fulfillmnt of the requirements for the degree, Doctor of Philosophy, in the Department of Zoölogy in the Graduate School of Indiana University. Zoölogical Contribution no. 236, Indiana University.I appreciate the helpful suggestions of Dr. F. Payne and other members of the Zoölogy Department of Indiana University, also the help of members of the Departments of Chemistry, Anatomy, and Geology, and of several members of the American Malacological Union. (1935)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 57 (1935), S. 547-569 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This article describes the structural features of the mantle and shell, particularly in the tiger snail, Anguispira alternata. The shell and the slime appear to be secreted simultaneously, probably from the same sources, and except for the mucus probably from the same materials, but certainly through very different structures.It is found that all the layers of the shell are secreted in a liquid or semi-liquid state by some part of the mantle. The periostracum is secreted from the supramarginal groove as a liquid which soon toughens as viscosity increases until it forms the organic covering of the shell. The inner layers are derived from epithelia beneath the shell, crystallizing out of a semi-liquid mass into the characteristic patterns, which we recognize as the layers of calcium carbonate. This process is traced from the synthetic viewpoint in the secretion from the mantle, also some of the stages can be detected from the analytic standpoint in the breakdown of shell materials.Some phases of the above structural states can be recognized in living mantles. A chemical analysis of the shell is also given.
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    The postembryonic history of the somatic musculature of the dragonfly thorax (1935)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 58 (1935), S. 87-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: From the first larval instar until the time of the final transformation into the adult the thoracic muscles are numerically the same. The muscles increase in fiber number with the growth of the larvae. There are two types of larval muscles: a. functional (striated and of considerable diameter) b. non-functional (unstriated and of narrow diameter). The non-functional muscles are mainly the prospective wing muscles of the adult. They grow most in diameter at the time of the final transformation. The positions of attachment of both types of muscles undergo no marked replacements during transformation, although the skeletal parts to which they are attached may become greatly modified. The larva has numerically more muscles than the adult. Extensive obliteration of the trunk leg muscles and of some neck muscles takes place. The intrinsic leg muscles of both the larva and the adult are the same.There are no anlagen of the adult muscles in the larval labium, and myoblasts probably form the adult musculature of this organ.The wing muscles of adult Anisopterid dragonflies insert close to the articulations of the wings on apodemes arising from membranes, or on discs arising as internal invaginations of detached, lateral, tergal plates.During the metamorphosis of its musculature, a dragonfly exhibits every essential phenomenon that a so-called ‘holometabolic’ insect does.
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    Secondary sexual dimorphism in some Chinese cobitid fishes (1935)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 57 (1935), S. 275-302 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The sexual dimorphism of Chinese cobitids consists of peculiar structures of the pectoral fins and of variations in the lengths of these as well as of the ventral fins. In all groups the paired fins are, as a rule, longer in the male sex, and the female has no lamina circularis, enlargement of pectoral rays or dilation of lateral muscles.In males of Cobitis and Misgurnus, the second rays of the pectorals are enlarged and possess at their base a bony plate (lamina circularis). In other Chinese genera the lamina circularis is absent. Males of the Misgurnus group are easily recognized by the dilation of the lateral muscles in the region of the dorsal fin. Males of Barbatula have several enlarged inner rays in the pectoral fin and numerous nuptial tubercles on the head, arranged in prepercular and preorbital groups. In the European, B. barbatula, however, tubercles on the head are wanting.In males of the Leptobotia and probably Botia groups, the first pectoral ray is enlarged, and the membrane between several of the inner rays is covered with nuptial tubercles.In general, in the Chinese cobitids the differences in sexual dimorphism are correlated with the differences between genera, i.e., each genus possesses a quite different sexual dimorphism; thus the secondary sexual characters can be used for taxonomic purposes.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    The early development of the thyroid gland in Amia calvaContribution from the Zoölogical Laboratory, University of Illinois, no. 463. (1935)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 57 (1935), S. 533-545 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The thyroid primordium is a solid median outgrowth from the pharynx which is attached to the truncus arteriosus at its bifuracation. The thyroid is soon detached from the pharynx and migrates to its definitive position ventral to the aorta between the bases of the third visceral pouches. After detachment the primary follicle appears in the lower part of the primordium; during migration and early growth it is divided apparently by stress and pressure to form secondary follicles. Independent follicles are formed also by secretion of colloid between solid masses of thyroid cells. Other secondary follicles are formed by pinching off evaginations from large follicles. Colloid appears soon after the primary follicle is divided. The adult thyroid is a group of follicles scatterd in a venous plexus in the ventral pharyngeal region, around the aorta.
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    Behavior and morphological changes in the leech, Placobdella parasitica, during hypodermic insemination (1935)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 57 (1935), S. 617-653 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Three to 5 minutes after implantation of a spermatophore in Placobdella parasitica there is a pronounced granulation of the tissues in the immediate region of the capsule. During the following 20 minutes a path 81 to 120 μ across communicating with the sinuses of the body cavity is established. By a mechanical shrinkage of the distended spermatophore the spermatozoa are injected through this path into the coelomic sinuses. They are dispersed through the body by the haemolymph and possibly by muscular contractions of the recipient. Fifty to 75 hours after their introduction into the body some of them arrive in the ventral sinus. From here they penetrate the walls of the ovisacs and take up a position in the lumina in preparation for fertilization. Two to 30 hours after implantation a plug of cells composed of migrating cellular elements of the recipient's body and of cells introduced along with the spermatozoan bundles forms in the subhypodermal region of the sperm path. Twenty to 45 hours later the wound is entirely repaired. Hypodermal epithelium is replaced by a migration into the affected region of similar reserve cells. The parenchymatous tissue is restored by a differentiation and growth of some of the cellular elements making up the plug.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    Abnormalities in flatfishes (heterosomata) I. Reversal of sides a comparative study of the known data (1935)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 58 (1935), S. 1-39 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Flatfishes lying on one side and that blind and colorless, but having the upper side two-eyed and colored are abnormal fishes which in their own group are perfectly normal. Some normally lie right side up (dextral) others point left (sinistral). Any departure from these normal conditions constitutes such a specimen an abnormal flatfish. The simplest departure is reversal-i.e., a normal dextral fish lies on its right side and points left and vice-versa. Sixteen reversed fishes have been described, but in various species from 3 to 100 per cent reversals have been noted.Reversal might be thought dependent on the structure of the optic chiasma. The Psettodidae (lowest family) have a dimorphic chiasma (right or left nerve dorsal) and are indifferently dextral or sinistral. But the dextral Soleidae and the sinistral Cynoglossidae (highest families) have dimorphic chiasmas with only five recorded reversals. In between, the monomorphic sinistral Bothidae have the right nerve dorsal even in the five indifferent species. And the monomorphic dextral Pleuronectidae include three indifferent species (one having up to 100 per cent reversed) with the left nerve dorsal even in reversed fish. The explanation of reversal must be found in genetics.
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    Evolution of the upper jaw mechanism in teleost fishes (1935)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 58 (1935), S. 157-172 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This study reveals the existence of four distinct but genetically related types of upper jaw mechanisms:1. The non-protractile, with no mechanism for the protrusion of the pre-maxillae. The maxillaries form part of the upper margin of the mouth, as in Isospondyli, Apodes and Haplomi.2. The crossed ligaments in the snout as in Acanthopteri, Heterosomata and Anacanthini.3. The twisting action type in which the internal hook of the maxilla drives out the pre-maxilla as found in Cyprinodontes and Percesoces.4. The rostral or sigmoid ligament attached to the pre-maxilla as in Cyprinidae and Catostomidae.The three protractile types all possess an enlarged pre-maxilla with a medium dorsal process, suggesting a common origin of all from a single non-protractile form of upper jaw.
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    The microscopic structure of the shell and ligament of cardium (cerastoderma) corbis martyn (1935)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 58 (1935), S. 211-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The shell of Cardium corbis is composed of three layers, an outer periostracum of conchyolin and two layers of aragonite. The outer aragonitic layer presents a laminated appearance, but in reality is made up of fibers which extend across several of the curved lamellar lines. Each fiber is enclosed in an organic sheath which can be dissolved in potassium hydroxide. The inner aragonitic layer is composed of vertical prisms which are made up of two sets of fibers inclined to each other at an angle of 55 to 60°. The outer layer of aragonite is secreted by glands on the mantle edge outside the pallial line; the inner layer is secreted by glands on the mantle area within the pallial line. The dentition is formed of the same material as the inner aragonitic layer.The ligament is composed of two layers, the outer being less impregnated with calcium carbonate than the inner. Both layers are continuous with the organic matrix of the shell.
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    Masthead (1935)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 58 (1935) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050580201
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    Some muscular changes in the tail and thigh of reptiles and mammals (1935)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 58 (1935), S. 355-383 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: New dissections of the caudal and short posterior thigh muscles of the reptiles Iguana, Varanus, Crocodilus and Testudo, and the mammals Sciurus, Galago and Herpestes were made, and the findings correlated with those described in the literature. The condition in the lizards, Sphenodon and crocodiles is very constant; in each case there is a puboischiofemoralis externus and an ischiotrochantericus passing from the pelvis to the femur, a deep caudal mass passing from the tail to the femur, and a superficial caudal sheet attached to the ilium and ischium. In the Chelonia, with the specialization of the gait, the deep caudal musculature has lost its attachment to the femur, and has migrated onto the vertebral column and the inner surface of the pelvis, while the other muscles occupy their typical position. In the Mammalia the deep caudal musculature has undergone a change similar to that in the Chelonia, forming the pubo-, ilio-, sacro- and ischiococcygeus muscles, while the superficial caudal musculature has disappeared except for a part which forms a sphincter cloacae. The posterior part of the puboischiofemoralis externus has formed the quadratus femoris, and the ischiotrochantericus the obturator internus and the two gemelli. In specialized mammals with reduced tails the caudal musculature has taken over new functions and become respecialized in different ways.
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    The development of the mid-intestine in melanoplus differentialis (acrididae : Orthoptera) (1935)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 58 (1935), S. 419-437 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A histological study has been made of the developing mid-gut or mesenteron of Melanoplus differentialis from diapause until after hatching. The primitive mid-gut consists at first of a single laver os squamous epithelium surrounding the yolk; to this is added later an outer layer. These two layers give rise to the muscular and connective tissue elements of the definitivo mid-gut. Near the of hateching, vitellophanges which have been present in the yolk since earlier stages migrate peripherally to form a lining upon the inner surface of the primitive mid-gut. The vitellophage nuclei divide to form the smaller nuclei of the definitive epithelium of the mid-gut. The vitellophage nuclei divede to form the smaller nuclei of the definitive epithelium of the mid-gut. The development of the definitive mesenteron fron the primitive mid-gut takes place rapidly and occurs near the time of hatching.
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    Masthead (1935)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 57 (1935) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050570101
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    The egg capsules of certain Neritidae (1935)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 57 (1935), S. 31-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The little capsules in which snails of this family deposit eggs are so durable as sometimes to be found adherent to museum specimens; hitherto, however, detailed descriptions of such capsules have been restricted to the capsules long known as made by Neritina fluviatilis in fresh waters of Europe. The present paper adds descriptions, with measurements and sketches, of Neritina reclivata from Florida, Neritina virginea, Neritina punctulata, Theodoxus mneleagris, Nerita peloronta, Nerita alticola, Nerita tesselata and Neritilia succinea from Jamaica, British West Indies.These capsules are found to be remarkable in that the digestive tract aids in their formation; that is, the capsules are made as secretions of the lower oviduct to which mineral particles are added, and these mineral particles are supplied from the intestine and stored up in a special sac opening into the oviduct. Moreover, the mineral particles are of twofold origin; in some Neritinas they come from the ooze taken in with the food and passed through the intestine; in some Neritas they come from the liver as calcospherites, to be passed through the intestine.It is hoped that the data given will aid future descriptions of capsules from other species till a firm foundation is built for utilization of these capsules as aids in taxonomy.
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    The primitive carpus (1935)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 57 (1935), S. 105-112 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: There is as yet no proof that the prepollex and postminimus ever occurred as actual digits. Romer's discovery of previous confusion of the preaxial with the postaxial fin border of Sauripterus allows a more accurate interpretation of primitive conditions. The latter involved essential asymmetry. The carpal cartilages of the Sauripterus type offin must have split into transverse rows. When the radius and ulna had become of equal length there was redistribution of the most proximal carpals, thus displacing elements in the other rows. It seems that eventually the original first carpale assumed the position and function of a first metacarpal, while the original fifth metacarpale assumed the position and function of a fifth carpale.
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    The chitinous structures in the posterior abdominal segments of certain female termites (1935)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 57 (1935), S. 113-129 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The external genitalia of female termites are readily homologized with those of female roaches. Mastotermes and other representative termites from every family are compared and their phylogenetic relationships within the group are found to agree, with the exception of the Hodotermitidae, with those based on studies of other structures.
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    ‘The Linea masculina,’ a new secondary sex character in Salientia (1935)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 57 (1935), S. 131-145 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A hitherto unknown secondary sex character in male frogs consists of a series of connective tissue bands which extends the entire length of both layers of the Obliquus muscle, at both their dorsal and ventral borders. Extensions of the ventral bands may be carried inward toward the midline at certain of the inscriptiones tendinae. These bands are named the Lineae masculinae. They are clearly visible in specimens from which the skin has been removed, and are visible even through the skin in living specimens of certain species of Kaloula.Ninety-one genera and 553 species of the frogs and toads of the world were examined for the presence or absence of this structure. It is distinct in the common American and European ranids, such as Rana pipiens and Rana esculenta. It is entirely absent in many genera. When present it is found only in adult males, being absent in sexually immature males and females of all ages. Examination revealed no seasonal variations in males of Rana pipiens. This indicates that there is some correlation between the expression of this character and the sexual hormones. No function is assigned to the Linea masculina, although it is suggested that it may be associated in some way with voice production. A discussion of the taxonomic distribution of the character is included.
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    A comparative study of the hyobranchial apparatus and throat musculature in the plethodontidae (1935)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 57 (1935), S. 213-251 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The hyobranchial apparatus and throat musculature of the plethodontid salamanders are examined. The interhyoideus is thought to be the homologue of the intermandibularis posterior and the posterior part of the intermandibularis anterior. The quadrato-pectoralis is found only in Desmognathus (Leurognathus?), and Aneides. Its presence in the former is a primitive condition; in the latter, secondary. The gularis had its phylogenetical origin as a slip from the quadrato-pectoralis. The lingual cartilage is found only in Gyrinophilus, Pseudotriton, Eurycea, and Manculus. It is the homologue of the [sehnenplatte] of Salamandra; not the otoglossal. The presence of the suprapeduncularis and the absence of the genioglossus is not peculiar to adult free tongued genera. The anatomical evidence allies Batrachoseps with Hydromantes and Oedipus. The latter two genera are derived from ancient Plethodon stock, not from Gyrinophilus stock. Stereochilus, Typhlotriton, and Typholomolge are the degenerate descendants from ancient Gyrinophilus stock.
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    Cytological studies of the Chilomastix (protozoa, flagellata) of man and other mammals (1935)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 57 (1935), S. 429-459 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Accounts of binary fission for two species of Chilomastix by Bélar ('21) and Boeck and Tanable ('26) differ. Consequently, investigations were initiated to study the cytology and to determine the nature of binary filssion in Chilomastix mesnili of man, Chilomastix mesnili (?) of anthropoid apes and monkeys, and Chilomastix intestinalis of guinea pigs.The material used for the study included the following: four heavily infected human cases of Chilomastix mesnili, twenty-one infections of Chilomastix mesnili (?) from a survey of thirty-six anthropoid apes and monkeys at the Philadelphia Zoölogical Gardens, and Chilomastix intestinalis from six guinea pigs.The results of the investigations indicate that binary fission of the above three species of Chilomastix are similar in essential details. Encystment is described for the species from man and from anthropoid apes and monkeys. No evidence for mitosis within the cysts was obtained for C. mesnili of man. In C. mesnili (?) from primates other than man, the appearance of cyst nuclei resembling mitotic processes is explained as variations occurring in nuclei. Binucleate cysts are believed to be formed by the encystment of abnormal binucleate individuals which never had undergone plasmotomy after division of the nuclei.
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    A study of the reappearance of melanophores and the formation of melanophore aggregations (spots) in regenerated ventral skin of the common newt, triturus viridescensSubmitted to the faculty of the graduate school of the University of Pennsylvania in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. (1935)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 58 (1935), S. 439-461 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Studies of regeneration in a denuded area 3 to 5 mm. square made by dissecting away the epidermis and underlying dermis were carried out both in the living animal and with the aid of histological sections. During the reconstitution of the area pigmented cells appeared in the new epidermis. There was no evidence that they wandered in from the surrounding epidermis. They developed in situ and most of them later disappeared. In the deeper tissues of the regenerating area, pigmented cells appeared in localized areas which gradually increased in size and density of color and formed typical black spots. These remained permanently.If the incision passed through or close to an original spot there was migration of melanophores into the adjacent territory and the subsequent formation of a spot. All other new spots were formed from melanophores which appeared in situ, by the formation of pigment in cells which had previously been unpigmented.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050580206
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    The chromosomes of cryptobranchus allegheniensis (1935)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 58 (1935), S. 573-583 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The number and behavior of the chromosomes have been investigated in the spermatogenesis of Cryptobranchus allegheniensis. The spermatogonium contains sixty-two chromosomes, which are composed of twelve atelomitic V-shaped ones, and eighteen long and thirty-two short telomitic ones. The haploid number of chromosomes is ascertained to be thirty-one in both of the primary and secondary spermatocytes.The chromosomal relation between the present species and Megalobatrachus japonicus, a closely related form, has been discussed.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050580210
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  • 94
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    Development of the thyroid gland in the chick embryoPresented in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of master of arts. (1935)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 58 (1935), S. 585-613 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: 1. The developing chick thyroid consists of epithelial plates or cords suspended in a sinus, probably lymphoid. These cords in cross section have the appearance of follicles.2. Growth in size is accomplished by fusion of follicles. Growth in number of the latter by proliferation of inter-follicular epithelial cells.3. Colloid first appears on the tenth day of incubation. The tadpole test indicates the beginning of functional activity at this time.4. During development there is a progressive decrease in the cytoplasm-nucleus ratio from 3.3: 1 on the third to 1.5: 1 on the nineteenth day, as measured in area, not volume.5. Not only is chromophobe and chromophile colloid present in different cells of the same follicle at the same time, but both are occasionally present in the same cell at the same time.6. Evidence of heightened activity in the chick thyroid are as Uhlenhuth (′28) describes them in salamanders: namely, high columnar cells, apically located secretion granules, and vacuoles of chromophobe colloid.7. Follicles in late developmental stages have, at some time during their functional cycles, tubular exits, which are thought to represent one path through which colloid reaches the circulatory spaces.8. Vital staining indicates that elements of the reticulo-endothelial system are present in the developing thyroid. Phagocytic cells in the gland of one embryo were observed phagocytosing entire erythrocytes.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050580211
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    Cell division and differentiation in asexual and sexual development (1935)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 57 (1935), S. 353-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In ascidians the development of eggs and of buds are in sharp contrast. In bud development cell sizes are minimal throughout. Gross differentiation of form becomes apparent from the beginning, histological differentiation only when cell division is ending. The position of a cell relative to the whole determines its nature. Multiplication of cells continues until sufficient have been formed for the expression of all specific and other characters. In sexual development the egg is a large cell which divides until the minimal cell sizes characteristic of the species are obtained. The course of cleavage is a curve suggesting the attainment of a state of equlibrium. Commencing before fertilization and continuing during cleavage is a precocious differentiation of certain parts that inhibits further cell division and results in the formation of special larval structures that function when a mere fraction of the whole developmental period has elapsed. This differentiation may be suppressed, or may be retarded, without affecting the development of the rest of the egg. In the remaining parts cell division continues until minimal cell sizes are reached and only then does histological differentiation become apparent, as in asexual development. The number of cells thus formed is very small compared with that necessary for the expression of the full character of the species, and the newly functional postlarval organism is necessarily peculiar in structure.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050570204
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  • 96
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    Erythrocyte production in the bone marrow of the pigeon (1935)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 56 (1935), S. 71-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1000560105
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    Masthead (1935)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 56 (1935) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1000560201
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  • 98
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    Cytology of the mammary gland of the albino rat. II. Experimentally induced conditions (1935)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 56 (1935), S. 279-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1000560205
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  • 99
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    Masthead (1935)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 56 (1935) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1000560301
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  • 100
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    The development of the secondary sexual characters in the pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha)Published by permission of the U. S. Commissioner of Fisheries. (1935)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 57 (1935), S. 169-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050570110
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