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  • 2000-2004
  • 1985-1989  (66)
  • 1975-1979  (128)
  • 1987  (66)
  • 1976  (128)
  • Electron microscopy  (194)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light bodies in human pituitary adenomas (1987)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 411 (1987), S. 311-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Human pituitary adenomas ; Granules ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Light bodies are large cytoplasmic granules originally described in the gonadotrophic cells of the rat pituitary gland. In order to determine whether similar bodies occur in the human anterior pituitary gland, 89 pituitary adenomas and periadenomatous tissue from 20 cases were examined by transmission electron microscopy. Double membrane bound bodies with filamentous internal structure identical to rodent light bodies were identified in 10 hormone-producing adenomas: 5 PRL, 1 PRL-GH, 2 GH, and 2 ACTH-producing tumours. No light bodies were found in the remaining 79 tumours nor in the pituitary cells in periadenomatous tissue from 20 cases. These results show that some human pituitary adenomas may contain light bodies identical to those seen in gonadotrophs of rat pituitary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00713374
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Buschke-Loewenstein tumour (1987)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 410 (1987), S. 83-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Buschke-Loewenstein tumour ; Giant condyloma ; Anogenital region ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Results on the light- and electron microscopic studies of six cases of Buschke-Loewenstein tumour are presented. The role of chronic irritation is emphasized in the aetiology of the tumour. Fistulas and abscesses arising in the tumour are dangerous as they give rise to chronic sepsis. In two perianal tumours, in situ or invasive carcinoma developed. Electron microscopy revealed varying degrees of differentiation of keratinocytes. As a result of the defective desmosomes, the tumour cell underwent segregation, with widened intercellular spaces containing oedema, erythrocytes and leucocytes. This phenomenon is probably responsible for frequent bleeding and fistula formation. The investigations disclosed that the Buschke-Loewenstein tumour is a special form of squamous carcinoma and therefore, radical surgical excision must be attempted even in case of a benign histological picture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00713509
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Perisinusoidal fibrosis of the liver in patients with thrombocytopenic purpura (1987)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 411 (1987), S. 553-559 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Thrombocytopenic purpura ; Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura ; Liver sinusoidal fibrosis ; Electron microscopy ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 10 patients with thrombocytopenic purpura (TP) underwent splenectomy. Eight of these patients had idiopathic TP (certain or probable). All had normal liver function tests. Liver histology of the surgical biopsy was normal with the exception of a non specific mild portal infiltration in 6 cases. On Sirius red staining the perisinusoidal network was normal in 3 cases, mildly or moderately increased in 5 cases and often associated with perivenular fibrosis. Collagen types I, III, IV, laminin and fibronectin were increased in the 8 biopsies tested. On semi-thin sections, numerous Kupffer cells were observed. Under the electron microscope, sinusoidal abnormalities were very similar in all 7 patients studied: numerous Kupffer cells containing abundant lysosomes, numerous collagen bundles in the Disse space, active endothelial cells, transformation of some perisinusoidal cells into cells with some of the characteristics of fibroblasts (increased RER) and myofibroblasts (peripheral condensations of the filamentous network), increased fragments of basement membrane-like material. In two cases there was an increase in the number of perisinusoidal cells loaded with lipids. The similarity of the lesions and the absence of other fibrogenic causes (except in 2 cases) suggest that TP may represent another group of diseases with perisinusoidal fibrosis. The aetiology of fibrosis remains unknown but platelet derived growth factor and activated macrophages may play a major role.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00713286
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristic views of prokaryotic 50S ribosomal subunits (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 26 (1987), S. 347-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Ribosome structure ; Electron microscopy ; Image analysis ; Evolutionary lineages
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Multivariate statistical analysis and classification techniques are powerful tools in sorting noisy electron micrographs of single particles according to their principal features, enabling one to form average images with an enhanced signal-to-noise ratio and a better reproducible resolution. We apply this methodology here to determining the characteristic views of the large (50S) ribosomal subunits from the eubacteriumEscherichia coli and the archaebacteriaMethanococcus vannielii, Sulfolobus solfataricus, andHalobacterium marismortui. Average images were obtained of the subunit in the common crown and kidney projections, but views of the particle in orientations intermediate between these two extremes were also elucidated for all species. These averages show reproducible detail of up to 2.0 nm resolution, thus enabling the visualization and interspecies comparison of many structural features as a first step toward comparing the actual three-dimensional structures. Our results disprove evolutionary lineages recently postulated on the basis of electron microscopical images of ribosomal subunits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02101154
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Invasion of campylobacter-like organisms in the duodenal mucosa in patients with active duodenal ulcer (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 65 (1987), S. 144-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Campylobacter pyloridis ; Duodenal ulcer ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of campylobacter-like organisms found within duodenal biopsy specimens from 7 of 24 patients (28%) with active duodenal ulcer is described. Their curved shape and variable size are similar to what has previously been reported in descriptions of light microscopies. The organisms were found at the edge of active duodenal ulcers exclusively near neutral-mucous producing antral cells, to which they can adhere. The presence of these bacteria within cells and in the intercellular fluid implies that they can penetrate through the cell membrane or through tight intercellular junctions. The occurrence of these bacteria as well as numerous polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the afflicted regions suggests that the bacteria originally described by Warren and Marshall are indeed pathogenic and that their influence on ulcer healing should be included in designing treatment protocols.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01728609
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural changes in the respiratory tract of rats following methyl isocyanate inhalation (1987)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 59 (1987), S. 385-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Lung ; Methyl isocyanate ; Gas poisoning ; Electron microscopy ; Rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The static exposure of rats to 0.25 mg/l methyl isocyanate for 1 h resulted in damage to the epithelium of the proximal bronchioles and upper airways. Bronchiolar cells exhibited both nuclear and cytoplasmic damage; many epithelial cells, particularly in the bronchi and trachea, were killed and/or dislodged from the basement membrane. A “raft” of cell debris and fibrin lined most of the airways during the 1st week after exposure but repair to the underlying epithelium was well advanced within 2–3 days. The majority of airways were lined by a normal epithelium within 3 weeks of exposure, but isolated foci of hyperplasia and occluded airways probably accounted for continued respiratory impairment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00316202
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recovery process of tracheal mucosa of guinea pigs exposed to isopropyl alcohol (1987)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 61 (1987), S. 12-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Isopropyl alcohol ; Tracheal mucosa ; Ciliary activity ; Recovery process ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The toxicity of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) on the tracheal mucosa was studied experimentally with special reference to the recovery process of the organ. The results showed that 400 ppm IPA has an acute effect on the mucociliary system in the tracheal mucosa, and that recovery from such degeneration can occur in 2 weeks. When functional and morphological damage was induced by a higher level (5500 ppm) of IPA, recovery did not occur in 2 weeks. The conclusion is that the present allowable level of IPA is reasonable from the viewpoint of the effects of short-term exposure to IPA on the tracheal mucosa. In addition, a higher level of IPA exposure has longer-term effects on the tracheal mucosa, and workers exposed to such a higher level of IPA vapor should be given careful otolaryngological follow-up observations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00324542
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extracellular edema and glial response to it in the cerebellum of suckling rats with low-dose lead encephalopathy (1987)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 75 (1987), S. 116-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Rat ; Lead ; Brain edema ; Electron microscopy ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Newborn rats were exposed to daily intraperitoneal injections of 10 mg lead nitrate per kg body weight for the first 15 postnatal days. The growth and mortality of the lead-exposed animals did not differ from their control litter-mates, injected with vehicle only. In our previous studies, focal hemorrhages and spongy areas as well as breakdown of blood-brain barrier to plasma proteins were shown by light microscopy in the cerebellar parenchyma of 15-day-old rats exposed to this dose. In spite of these signs of edema, measurements of brain tissue specific gravity did not show increased water content. In the present investigation we examined the ultrastructure of the brain lesions in these rats with low-dose lead encephalopathy, focusing on signs of edema, and evaluated astroglial reaction by immunocytochemical staining for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). The electron microscopic findings were compatible with extracellular edema in the cerebellum of 15-day-old lead exposed rats. The number of GFAP-positive cell bodies in the gray substance of the cerebellar cortex was increased in the 15-day-old lead-exposed rats as compared with the controls of the same age, a finding which is presumably related to the leakage of plasma proteins. Both these findings were lacking at 20 days of age, suggesting reversibility of the lead-induced changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687071
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epithelial properties of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas determined in ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies (1987)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 74 (1987), S. 142-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma ; Epithelial properties ; Circumscribed growth ; Electron microscopy ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Three cases of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA), one of which showed anaplastic evolution, are described. In all three the PXA tumors were well circumscribed and could be totally removed. Light-microscopically, pleomorphic tumor cells clustered gregariously and often formed alveolar structures. Electron microscopy revealed various epithelial properties, such as junctions and interdigitations between apposing tumor cells, and prominent basal laminae surrounding tumor nests. The circumscribed growth of PXA, as contrasted with an infiltrative growth of usual astrocytoma, can be attributed to the cellular cohesion based on the epithelial properties of the tumor cells. In the third patient, tumor recurred 6 months postoperatively. Although the recurrent tumor retained the alveolar structures, pleomorphism and various degenerative features of the tumor cells diminished with advance in the proliferative activities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692844
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Involution of the antimesometrial decidua in the mouse (1987)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 176 (1987), S. 251-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Decidua ; Involution ; Electron microscopy ; Mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Involution of the antimesometrial decidua was analysed by electron microscopy on days 9, 10 and 11 of pregnancy in the mouse. During this period, the width of the antimesometrial decidua decreases considerably. Involution begins in the decidual cells situated closest to the embryo (internal decidua) and proceeds towards the myometrium. The cells of the internal decidua showed signs of deterioration characterized by accumulation of clumps of chromatin in the nuclei and dilation of the perinuclear cisterna and endoplasmic reticulum cisternae. Autophagosomes and heterophagosomes accumulated in the cytoplasm of these cells. Cells particularly strongly affected became spherical and were devoid of their plasma membrane. Some cells near the trophoblast as well as the mature decidual cells situated farther from the embryo showed a normal morphology. The trophoblastic cells established close contact with healthy decidual cells and engulfed fragments of disorganized decidual cells. It is suggested that the death of decidual cells is a type of programmed cell death and that it is not due to a direct lytic action by the trophoblast.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310059
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vegetating cicatricial pemphigoid (1987)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 279 (1987), S. S30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Cicatricial pemphigoid ; Vegetating lesions ; Immunopathology ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case with widespread vegetating-pustular skin lesions, oral erosions, ulcerations and scarring, and conjunctival synechiae is reported. Clinically, histopathologically, and by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy this patient combined the features of pemphigoid vegetans, as described by Winkelmann and Su, and the mucocutaneous type of cicatricial pemphigoid. This observation suggests that a third subset of cicatricial pemphigoid can now be added to the two existing ones, the mucocutaneous and Brunsting-Perry types, and the designation vegetating cicatricial pemphigoid is proposed for this heretofore undescribed condition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00585917
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Capillary hemangioblastoma: histogenesis of stromal cells (1987)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 73 (1987), S. 370-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Factor VIII ; Glial fibrillary acidic protein ; Hemangioblastoma ; Tissue culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The histogenesis of stromal cells in capillary hemangioblastoma has been the subject of debate. The light and electron microscopic studies of hemangioblastomas presented here showed pericytic and leiomyoblastic features in stromal cells. Cells cultured by the monolayer method showed similar features to those of the original tumors. Immunohistochemical studies for glial fibrillary acidic protein and factor VIII/von Willebrand factor indicated that stromal cells were antigenically distinct from astrocytes and endothelial cells. These findings suggest that stromal cells are closely related to pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and support Rhodin's speculation that pericytes serve as a precursor to smooth muscle cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688262
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protective effect of lesion to the glutamatergic cortico-striatal projections on the hypoglycemic nerve cell injury in rat striatum (1987)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 74 (1987), S. 335-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Hypoglycemia ; Rat striatum ; Glutamate ; Excitotoxic nerve cell injury ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In rat striatum severe hypoglycemia causes an irreversible nerve cell injury, which does not become manifest until during the post-insult recovery period. This injury can be ameliorated by lesions of the glutamatergic cortico-striatal pathway, which suggests that an “excitotoxic” effect mediated by the glutamatergic input is the likely cause of the posthypoglycemic nerve cell destruction. In this paper we further characterize the protective effect of abolishing the glutamatergic innervation to striatum at the ultrastructural level. Two weeks after a unilateral cortical ablation rats were subjected to 30 min of severe hypoglycemia with isoelectric EEG and killed either immediately after the insult or following 60 min of recovery induced by restoring the blood glucose levels. Immediately after the hypoglycemic insult the structure of striatum was similar on both sides (except for the changes attributable to the ablation); i.e., the neurons and their dendrites had pale cytoplasm with condensed mitochondria, sparse RER and pinpoint ribosomes. After 60 min restitution numerous striatal neurons on the non-protected, non-ablated side had turned variably dark and condensed, whereas under-neath the ablation they remained similar as immediately after hypoglycemia. This sequence indicates that the most likely cause of nerve cell destruction on the non-protected side is the “excitotoxic” effect mediated by the glutamatergic innervation, which is superimposed on the action of the hypoglycemic insultper se. Furthermore, the primary condensation of neurons and their dendrites indicate existence of another type of acute “excitotoxic” nerve cell injury which differs from the previously described injury characterized by neuronal swelling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687210
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Substantia nigra damage induced by ischemia in hyperglycemic rats (1987)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 75 (1987), S. 131-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cerebral ischemia ; Hyperglycemia ; Substantia nigra ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Preischemic hyperglycemia induced by feeding or glucose infusion worsens the brain damage and the clinical outcome following ischemia of a given duration and density, and characteristically causes postischemic seizure activity. Light microscopy has previously showed that, in the rat, transient hyperglycemic ischemia induced by bilateral carotid occlusion in combination with arterial hypotension causes a uni- or bilateral lesion in the pars reticulata of the substantia nigra. Since this region has a central role in preventing seizure discharges the present study was carried out to determine the ultrastructural characteristics of this lesion. In rats with 10 min of transient hyperglycemic ischemia followed by recirculation for 1 to 18 h, the pars reticulata of the substantia nigra showed signs of status spongiosus, as well as extensive nerve cell alterations. These changes were observed after all recovery periods studied. The spongiotic appearance was mainly caused by swelling of dendrites and, to a lesser degree, by astrocytic swelling. The dendrites were expanded at all recovery times but the severity increased during the later periods of recirculation. These swollen dendrites contained severely expanded mitochondrias and endoplasmic reticulum. The cytoskeletal elements showed disordered lining of microtubules. Two major types of nerve cell alterations were present: a “pale” and a “dark” variety. The pale type was the most frequent cell alteration. It occurred in all experimental groups and at all time points. Redistribution of the nuclear chromatin and of cytoplasmic organelles as well as swelling of the same type as in the dendrites were the essential changes. The dark neurons were much fewer in number and occupied a peripheral position in the pars reticulata. Astrocytic foot processes appeared to be dilated around the dark neurons. Swelling of astrocyte processes was most pronounced in the 1 h recovery animals. Both types of neurons showed severe mitochondrial alterations of the type observed in dendrites. Occasionally, mitochondrial alterations were found in astrocytic processes as well. Blood vessel alterations were lacking. Previous studies have shown that in this model of ischemia the substantia nigra has a relatively well-preserved blood perfusion. In view of this the extensive histopathological lesions are surprising. We speculate that the lesions primarily involve excitotoxic damage to dendrites, with pronounced lactic acidosis playing a contributory role in causing axonal and glial pathology as well.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687073
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Permeability studies of the guinea pig placental labyrinth (1987)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 176 (1987), S. 525-530 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Placenta ; Guinea pig ; Labyrinth ; Syncytiotrophoblast ; Tracers ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The permeability of the materno-fetal barrier in the chorioallantoic placenta was studied in guinea pigs with gestation at term applying a variety of electron-opaque tracers via maternal circulation. None of the tracers tested was seen permeating the syncytiotrophoblast in the materno-fetal direction up to a 20 min interval when the fine structure of the placenta was satisfactorily preserved. The lanthanum chloride, cationized ferritin and horseradish peroxidase bound to the trophoblast surface, apparently due to electrostatic forces more than to specific receptors, and no uptake of these probes was detected in the cytoplasm. Albumin-colloidal gold complex, also used as a tracer, yielded similar results. As reported in other species with more complex syncytiotrophoblastic organization, this layer investing maternal lacunae is a highly selective permability barrier.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310092
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerebral gangliocytoma (1987)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 74 (1987), S. 169-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cerebral gangliocytoma ; Parieto-frontal lobe ; Intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies ; No synapse ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We report a case of cerebral gangliocytoma (GC) with a variety of unusual structures in the tumor cells. Light microscopically, the tumor consisted of typical ganglion cells, atypical cells which has argyrophilic granules in the cytoplasm, and a few astrocytes. Electron microscopically, the tumor cells showed typical gangliocytic features, which had abundant rough endoplasmic reticula, ribosomes and cored vesicles of 90–150 nm diameter, a few 50-nm-diametered non-cored vesicles, and other common organelles in their cytoplasm. Furthermore, neoplastic ganglion cells contained a variety of abnormal structures, including membranous cytoplasmic bodies (MCB), Zebra bodies (ZB), tubular structures, branched tubular structures (BTS), concentrical laminated bodies and curvilinear bodies (CB). The MCB, ZB and CB resembled those in GM2 gangliosidosis (GMG), and the BTS that in infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD). Although the significance of these inclusions is still unknown, it is considered that some common mechanism might play a role in the metabolism of both neoplastic neuronal cells and degenerating neurons (GMG and INAD). Synapses could not be observed anywhere despite complete neuronal differentiation of many tumor cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692848
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transplantation of cerebellar anlagen to hosts with genetic cerebellocortical atrophy (1987)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 176 (1987), S. 145-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Neurological mutant mice ; ‘Purkinje cell degeneration’ (pcd) ; Weaver ; Neural transplants ; Cerebellum ; Light microscopy ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Embryonic cerebellar grafts from genetically normal donors were implanted into the cerebellomedullary cistern of adult ‘Purkinje cell degeneration’ (pcd) and weaver mutant mice, which are respectively characterized by the selective loss of Purkinje and granule cells. Grafts placed into both mutant recipients exhibited a layered cellular organization reminiscent of the normal cerebellar cortex. Molecular, Purkinje, and granule cell layers were identifiable. Grafted Purkinje cells displayed characteristic cytological features, such as hypolemmal cisterns in association with mitochondria in the perikaryon, and lamellar structures in their axons. The cytological features of granule cell somata in the grafts appeared similar to those of mature granule cells. Electron microscopic examination of the molecular layer of the grafts revealed the presence of parallel fibers, which were not oriented in a parallel fashion; axon terminals of such fibers were often presynaptic to dendritic spines. The number of parallel fibers was markedly reduced in grafts implanted into both mutants compared to the normal cerebellar cortex; however, this phenomenon is commonly seen in cerebellum in tissue culture and in cerebellar transplants into normal hosts. It is concluded, therefore, that the environment of the mutant hosts does not affect the survival of Purkinje or granule cells and that transplantation of solid cerebellar grafts in the neurological mutants studied does not seem to pose any apparent limitations beyond those inherent to the process of cerebellar growth and differentiation outside its normal environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310047
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rhabdomyosarcoma in the region of the sella turcica (1987)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 88 (1987), S. 142-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; immunohistochemistry ; pituitary ; rhabdomyosarcoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intracranial extension of rhabdomyosarcoma from the face, nasopharynx or middle ear is rare. A 16-year-old boy presented with deterioration of vision and headache. CT scan revealed a soft tissue mass occupying the sphenoid and ethmoid sinuses, extending to the suprasellar fossa and impinging on the optic chiasm. The tumour, mimicking pituitary carcinoma, was removed by transsphenoidal craniotomy. Morphologic studies, including immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy, revealed that the tumour was a rhabdomyosarcoma. This case stresses the value of immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies in the diagnosis of tumours occurring in the region of the sella turcica. The origin of this tumour was thought to be the sphenoid or ethmoid sinus. The pituitary gland appeared intact.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01404151
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Erythropoietin in haemangioblastoma: Immunohistochemical and electron microscopy studies (1987)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 85 (1987), S. 56-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; erythropoietin ; haemangioblastoma ; immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunohistochemical studies for erythropoietin were carried out in six capillary haemangioblastomas, three of which were also studied by electron microscopy. The immunohistochemical studies showed that positively stained cells were scattered in the vicinity of capillaries, and that neither endothelial cells nor stromal cells were stained. In their morphology and distribution, the positively stained cells were identical to mast cells as observed by electron microscopy. In one case, erythropoietin was demonstrated in the cyst fluid of the tumour. These findings suggest that mast cells with abundant secreting granules in haemangioblastomas are capable of producing erythropoietin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01402372
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pacinian corpuscles in rats with carbon disulphide neuropathy (1987)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 72 (1987), S. 341-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Carbon disulphide neuropathy ; Pacinian corpuscles ; Denervation and reinnervation ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Adult Wistar rats were exposed to carbon disulphide vapours at a concentration of 2.4 mg/l of air for 5 days a week (6 h a day), and the ultrastructure of Pacinian corpuscles and their nerve supply was investigated after 6 months of exposure. Both degenerative and regenerative changes were observed in sensory axons and the corpuscles. In a sample of corpuscles examined, 30% were denervated and about 60% showed clear signs of reinnervation. Some of the reinnervated corpuscles were supplied by unmyelinated axons. In others, one to three myelinated axons were already found at the nerve entry. The axons branched and formed three to eight terminals in the inner core. Due to continuous intoxication, most regenerated terminals were again undergoing degeneration. In peripheral nerves, the evidence of axonal regeneration has been reported in various toxic distal axonopathies. However, the reinnervation of Pacinian corpuscles has not been described before. It can be expected that reinnervation of Pacinian corpuscles and other end-organs also occurs in other axonopathies, if not during continuous poisoning, then at least after its cessation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687265
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Size distributions of circular molecules in plant mitochondrial DNAs (1987)
    Springer
    Current genetics 12 (1987), S. 49-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Replicative intermediates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Some physicochemical properties of the mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNA) from plants of flax, broad bean and mung bean, and from tissue culture cells of jimson weed, soybean, petunia and tobacco were determined. Circular molecules were observed in electron microscope preparations of each mtDNA. In soybean, petunia, broad bean and mung bean mtDNAs, the circular molecules had a continuous distribution of lengths (ranges between 1 to 36 kb, and 1 to 126 kb), heavily skewed toward smaller molecules. Eighty-six percent of the flax circular molecules were from 27 to 54 kb in size, and 78% of the jimson weed circular molecules were from 4 to 15 kb. Replicative forms of 1.2–1.6 kb circular molecules were observed in electron microscope preparations of broad bean mtDNA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00420727
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphometric and ultrastructural analyses of melanocytes, nevus cells, and melanoma cells (1987)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 279 (1987), S. 167-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Morphometry ; Electron microscopy ; Cytological atypia ; Nevus cells ; Melanoma cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cytological atypia, revealed in the course of routine light microscopy, is considered a valuable indicator of malignancy in melanocytic lesions. A clear definition of the term cytological atypia, however, is lacking. Therefore, by morphometric analysis of ultrathin sections of 11 malignant melanomas (7 invasive, 3 in situ, and 1 lentigo maligna melanoma) and 10 compound nevi, we evaluated the discriminating power of the various facets of cytological atypia, i. e., nuclear area, area of the nucleolus, area of the total cell, and nuclear irregularity. In each case, at least 50 intraepidermal melanocytic cells were examined. The two-sided U-test showed significant differences between intraepidermal nevus and melanoma cells, with regard to the mean values (x) and standard deviations (s) of the nuclear area (x and s, p=0.00011), area of the nucleolus (x, p=0.00043; s, p=0.00011), and area of the total cell (x, p=0.00011; s, p=0.00093). However, only the mean values and standard deviations of the nuclear area allowed a clear distinction in each individual case. The area of the nucleus can be estimated in the course of routine histology. We therefore think that the size and variation of the nuclear area should be considered in the histological differential diagnosis between malignant melanomas and benign nevi.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00413252
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Collagen studies in congenital cutis laxa (1987)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 279 (1987), S. 308-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Congenital cutis laxa ; Collagen synthesis ; Electron microscopy ; Morphometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of congenital cutis laxa (CCL) of unclear mode of inheritance associated with multiple pulmonary artery branch stenosis was extensively investigated to assess possible correlations between clinical, ultrastructural, and biochemical features. Light microscopy revealed that elastic fibers were absent in the papillary dermis, while hypoplastic elsewhere. Transmission electron microscopy showed a poor elastin matrix content in some elastic fibers, variable diameters of collagen fibrils, and abundant glycogen granules in most dermal cells. Measurement of collagen fibril diameters, using an image analyzer, was carried out in the patient and two age- and site-matched controls. A biomodal distribution was found in the upper reticular dermis of the patient. In vitro analysis of collagen in skin fibroblast cultures of the patient showed increased collagen synthesis with a balanced production of type I and type III procollagens. Our study confirms that CCL represents a disorder both of collagen and elastic connective tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431223
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the gracile nucleus projection to the dorsal accessory subdivision of the cat inferior olive (1987)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 66 (1987), S. 175-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Dorsal column nuclei ; Gracile nucleus ; Inferior olive ; Dorsal accessory olive ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study examined the termination pattern within the dorsal accessory subdivision of the cat inferior olive of axons arising from the gracile nucleus. The gracile terminals were labeled by anterograde transport of wheat germ agglutinin complexed to horseradish peroxidase and visualized with tetramethyl benzidine. Gracile terminals were found to contain round synaptic vesicles and form asymmetric synaptic contacts. Of particular interest was the finding that gracile axons, like axons from the spinal cord, terminate primarily outside of synaptic glomeruli. Yet most of the gracile terminals did not synapse on isolated dendritic elements. Rather, the majority contacted distal dendrites which directly contacted other dendritic elements, forming simple complexes termed dendritic thickets. Typically the dendritic thickets were composed of two or three dendrites that received input from more than one round vesicle-containing synaptic terminal. Only one terminal per thicket was labeled by injections in the gracile nucleus. This clustering of pre-and postsynaptic elements within the thickets provides opportunities for many of the same interactions allowed by synaptic glomeruli, in particular divergence and convergence of information.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236213
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structure of adrenal medullary grafts in the pain modulatory regions of the rat periaqueductal gray (1987)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 67 (1987), S. 380-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Adrenal medulla ; Periaqueductal gray ; Neural implants ; Analgesia ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Recent findings in our laboratory indicate that adrenal medullary grafts produce significant alterations in pain sensitivity. Electron microscopic studies were undertaken to correlate these behavioral changes with the neural interactions of the host and graft tissue in the periaqueductal gray. A striking change found 8 weeks after transplantation is that pronounced myelination has taken place both in the graft and in the host tissue. The new myelin formation in the graft has the typical appearance of PNS myelination and, in the host the appearance of CNS myelination. The endothelial cells of the capillaries in the grafted tissue are attenuated and fenestrated in contrast to those of the surrounding parenchymal tissue of the host. By 8 weeks, the graft becomes heavily encapsulated with collagen, while the host CNS tissue develops layers of glial processes outlining the graft. However, collagen and glial layers apparently do not form an absolute barrier to either cellular or humoral interaction between the host and graft tissue. Chromaffin cells can be found protruding into the host CNS tissue and sometimes forming synapses with presumably the host neuronal processes. Grafted chromaffin cells may participate as both postsynaptic and, less often, as presynaptic components of synaptic junctions. The behavioral relevance of these synaptic contacts is unclear, since similar implants of adrenal medullary tissue into the dorsal spinal cord subarachnoid space, which also induce potent analgesia, do not contain synapses. Thus, it is more likely that behavioral changes are brought about by diffusion of neuroactive substances from grafted chromaffin cells to host receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00248558
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synaptic input and local output of dopaminergic neurons in grafts that functionally reinnervate the host neostriatum (1987)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 68 (1987), S. 131-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Ventral mesencephalic grafts ; Electron microscopy ; Afferent synapses ; Tyrosine hydroxylase immunocytochemistry ; Dopaminergic neurons ; Dopaminergic boutons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In adult rats with a unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine-induced lesion of the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway, grafts of embryonic ventral mesencephalon can establish extensive efferent connections with the previously denervated host neostriatum and can compensate for motor and sensorimotor asymmetries induced by the lesion. The object of this study was to examine the afferent synaptic inputs to grafted dopaminergic neurons, implanted into a cortical cavity overlying the previously denervated caudate-putamen, using electron microscopic immunocytochemistry. The dopaminergic neurons of the grafts in the same animals had previously been shown to re-innervate the host neostriatum, to form synaptic connections therein and to attenuate the lesion-induced motor asymmetry that occured in response to amphetamine (Freund et al. 1985). In the light microscope, the grafts were found to contain numerous tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive perikarya, dendrites, axons and axonal swellings which had distinct distributions. In addition axons and axonal swellings that were immunoreactive for either substance P or glutamate decarboxylase were present. Electron microscopic analysis of the boutons contacting tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons in the grafts revealed the presence of at least five distinct types of afferent synaptic boutons based on their immunochemistry, morphology, or types of membrane specialization. One type was itself immunoreactive for tyrosine hydroxylase; such synapses are extremely rare in the intact substantia nigra, none were found in the contralateral substantia nigrae or the substantia nigra of a control rat. Three of the remaining types had ultrastructural features that were similar to synaptic terminals that were immunoreactive for substance P or glutamate decarboxylase. These synapses were similar to the types of synapses found contacting dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra contralateral to the graft or the substantia nigra of a control rat. The results demonstrate that, in the absence of the normal extrinsic afferent inputs, the intracortical mesencephalic grafts have a well-developed local synaptic circuitry. It is suggested that local circuit regulation of dopaminergic neurons within the graft may, at least in part, be responsible for the maintenance of a normal or close to normal functional activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255240
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural study of the occurrence of autosomal dominant ichthyosis vulgaris in atopic eczema (1987)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 279 (1987), S. 270-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Atopic eczema ; Hyperlinear palms ; Autosomal dominant ichthyosis vulgaris ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00417327
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relation between α-methyl-D-glucoside influx and brush border surface area in enterocytes from chicken cecum and jejunum (1987)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 408 (1987), S. 515-518 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Sugar transport ; Electron microscopy ; Chicken cecum and jejunum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have investigated the possible relation between the phloridzin-sensitive influx of α-methyl-D-glucoside (concentration 5 mmol/l) and the brush border surface area, in chicken isolated enterocytes. The intestinal regions studied were: jejunum and proximal cecum (both with high affinity sugar transport sites), medial cecum (with a low affinity transport system) and distal cecum (which lacks any transport ability). Cell apical surface measured by electron microscopy gave the following results; jejunal cells (0.41 μm2) 〉proximal cecal cells (0.23 μm2)〉medial cecal cells (0.15 μm2)=distal cecal cells (0.14 μm2). This parameter is mainly determined by the length of microvilli. Sugar influx studies showed that the concentration of the substrate in cell water (in mmol/l) was jejunum (7.1)〉proximal cecum (2.9) 〉medial cecum (1.7)〉distal cecum (not different from zero). The decline in influx rate from proximal to distal cecum may be explained both by changes in surface and by the different carriers involved (differentK m). Results of sugar concentration in the distal cecal cells do not correlate with the other segments studied since the substrate enters in these cells by a passive process. It is concluded that the degree of development of microvilli should be taken into account when estimating nutrient transport rates in different intestinal segments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00585078
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction of polymorphonuclear leukocytes with calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals deposited in chondrocalcinosis cartilage (1987)
    Springer
    Rheumatology international 7 (1987), S. 217-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-160X
    Keywords: Chondrocalcinosis ; Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals ; Polymorphonuclear leukocyte ; Articular cartilage ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electron microscopy was used to investigate the characteristics of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystals in chondrocalcinosis (pseudogout syndrome). Crystals in midzone cartilage were frequently seen adjacent to chondrocytes. Great variation in crystal size and shape was observed. Most of the pyrophosphate crystals that had been phagocytosed by polymorphonuclear leukocytes of synovial fluid from patients with acute pseudogout were small (≦1 μm), indicating that small crystals can cause intense inflammation. Large numbers of polymorphonuclear leukocytes became attached to the eroded articular surface and phagocytosed microcrystals. Interaction of polymorphonuclear leukocytes with CPPD crystals in the superficial region of articular cartilage may stimulate the release of inflammatory mediators.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00541380
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Further electron microscope observations on polyethylene I. Granule structure of the melt as an artifact (1987)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 265 (1987), S. 855-859 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; polyethylenemelt ; fine structure ; artifact
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract There are still two opinions on the fine structure of polymer melts and glasses: (a) that the structure is similarly homogeneous to that in lower molecular weight materials and (b) that the structure shows larger short-range order regions (2–20 nm), which consist of bundeled segments of the chain molecules. Whereas opinion a relies more on indirect methods of investigation, opinion b is based mainly on fine granular structures which become visible in electron microscope investigations of surfaces of glassy solidified polymers. Such a fine structure can now be observed directly in a polyethylene melt. However, the structure is exposed as an artifact, so opinion a is supported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01421812
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sarcomatous degeneration in Paget's bone disease (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 113 (1987), S. 392-399 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Paget's disease of bone ; Osteosarcoma ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The authors report 12 cases (8 men and 4 women) of sarcomatous degeneration in Paget's bone disease, with an average age of 72.3 years. Sarcomatous degeneration occurred often in polyostotic Paget's disease, and osteitis deformans was seen in 4 cases. Femur and pelvis were the most affected bones. Pain was a constant feature, whereas tumefaction and fracture were less common. Osteolytic lesions were more frequent than condensed or mixed lesions and radiological signs of malignancy were usually found. Seven cases were histologically clasiified as osteogenic sarcoma and 3 cases as fibrosarcoma. Electron microscopy was performed on 2 osteogenic sarcomas and in 1 case revealed microcylindrical inclusion in Pagetic osteoclasts and in multinucleated giant tumor cells, but none in mononucleated tumor cells. The average survival time for the patients in this study was only 4.5 months.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00397726
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  • 32
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    Electronic Resource
    Light and electron microscopic studies of a case with simultaneous Mondini and Michel deformities of the inner ears (1987)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 243 (1987), S. 361-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Human inner ear ; Congenital anomalies ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We performed light and electron microscopic studies on the temporal bones of a patient with genetic aplastic deafness, in which the right ear had a Mondini-type defect and the left ear a Michel-type anomaly. The round window of each ear was absent. The stapedial foot plate of the right ear was depressed at its central part and was covered by thin membrane. The course of the internal auditory meatus of the left ear was deviated ventrally. There was total aplasia of the cochlea in the left ear, while that of the right ear showed only three-quarters of a turn. In this ear, three sites of spherical bulging were found and were believed to represent outer hair cells. Other structures of the normal cochlear duct were not present. The modiolus of the left ear was round and dome-shaped, contained sparse nerve fibers and a primitive spiral ganglion. The saccule, utricle and semicircular canals of each ear were missing, so that a common cavity of the vestibular system was present. Several otoliths could be seen under the surface of the membrane covering the common cavity. No sensory cells or their related tissues could be found in either ear.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00464642
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  • 33
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    Electronic Resource
    The significance of calcium antagonists in rat experimental tympanosclerosis (1987)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 243 (1987), S. 382-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Experimental tympanosclerosis ; Calcium antagonists ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of calcium antagonists in experimental tympanosclerosis following infection with Streptococcus pyogenes and vitamin D3 intoxication has been analyzed in a rat animal model. Compared with untreated animals, calcium antagonists exert a positive effect on the degenerative process and on secondary calcification in the subepithelial layer. This effect could be substantiated planimetrically.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00464647
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  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light and electron microscopic studies of localized laryngeal amyloidosis (1987)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 244 (1987), S. 180-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Localized laryngeal amyloidosis ; Light microscopy ; Electron microscopy ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We performed light and electron microscopic studies in a case of localized supraglottic laryngeal amyloidosis involving a 55-year-old woman. Tissue specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and alkaline Congo red with or without permanganate (KMnO4) treatment, and were also examined with peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunohistochemistry. Biopsy specimens from the epiglottis showed diffuse replacement of the subepithelial region by amyloid, which showed a typical green birefringence under polarized light. Tissue affinity for Congo red was persistent after the KMnO4 treatment. However, the tissue sections showed a positive reaction only to the anti-P component antibody. Electron microscopic studies revealed some disorders of the plasma cells, suggesting that these cells play an important role in focal production of amyloid fibrils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00464264
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  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Virus spread and initial pathological changes in the nervous system in genital herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in mice (1987)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 72 (1987), S. 377-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Herpes simplex virus type 2 ; Genital infection ; Avidin-Biotin Method ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Mice were infected by the vaginal route with the MS strain of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). Serial vaginal cultures were used to confirm infection and to select mice for this study. Two mice were killed by perfusion on days 2–6 post infection (p.i.) and lumbar and sacral cord with cauda were fixed and embedded for electron microscopy. Semithin Epon-sections were stained for viral antigen using a rabbit anti-HSV-2 antiserum and the Avidin-Biotin (ABC) method. Thin sections from antigen-positive blocks were examined by electron microscopy, and the number and types of infected cells detected by these two methods were compared. A good correlation was found between detection of infected cells by these methods. Infected cells included neurons of dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord, satellite cells of dorsal root ganglia, non-myelinating Schwann cells, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and arachnoidal cells. Infected cells were first detected in the cauda on day 3 p.i. and in the spinal cord on day 5 p.i. The temporal and spatial distribution of infected cells was consistent with neural spread to and within the CNS. The pathological lesions showed a good correlation with the distribution and number of infected cells and are probably due to a direct virus effect. The similar sensitivity of the Epon-ABC method to electron microscopy in detecting infected cells indicates that this method may have useful applications in both experimental and diagnostic work.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687270
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  • 36
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    Electronic Resource
    Idiopathic nonarteriosclerotic cerebral calcification (Fahr's disease): an electron microscopic study (1987)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 73 (1987), S. 62-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cerebral calcification ; Fahr's disease ; Electron microscopy ; Histochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of idiopathic nonarteriosclerotic cerebral calcification was studied post mortem by histochemical and scanning and transmission electron microscopic methods. Calcification was found bilaterally in the basal ganglia, cerebral cortex, granular layer and white matter of the cerebellum. Histochemical examination revealed that deposits were composed of a mixture of glycoproteins, mucopolysaccharides, calcium salts and iron. Transmission electron microscopy revealed minute deposits mainly in the cytoplasm of adventitial cells of blood vessels and sometimes in the cytoplasmic processes of glial cells. Scanning electron microscopy showed that some of the spherical and hemispherical bodies, which were formed in the adventitial cells of blood vessels, were connected with filamentous cytoplasmic processes of surrounding cells. Small uncalcified deposits occurring in the cytoplasm of the adventitial cells had subsequently had minerals deposited in them. Some kind of impairment of the pericytes may play an important role at the onset of this disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00695503
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  • 37
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    Electronic Resource
    Human breast epithelium in vitro: The re-expression of structural and functional cellular differentiation in long-term culture (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 247 (1987), S. 433-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Mammary gland ; Tissue culture ; Collagen gel ; Electron microscopy ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fragments of human breast epithelium, devoid of all stromal and basal lamina components, which maintain their in vivo topological organisation can be cultured for up to 28 days within a reconstituted rat-tail-derived collagen matrix. These organoids initially undergo a loss of structural and 3-dimensional organisation, typified by loss of lumina formed by epithelial cells, and myosin from myoepithelial cells. Their subsequent reorganisation is dependent on the presence of serum, insulin, hydrocortisone, and cholera toxin in tissue culture medium. After this preliminary phase, a reduction in the concentration of serum, insulin, hydrocortisone, and cholera toxin is necessary to allow the structural differentiation of epithelial and myoepithelial cells. The myoepithelial cells also regain their ability to produce the basal lamina component laminin. The use of bovine-dermal collagen as the matrix, rather than rat-tail-derived collagen is shown to result in more stable organisation and differentiation of the organoids. The successful use of single-cell pellets (derived by trypsinisation of the organoids) in place of organoids in such cultures illustrates that there is no requirement for pre-existing cell/ cell contact or topological organisation of cells prior to embedding within the collagen matrix.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218324
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  • 38
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    Electronic Resource
    Morphological evidence for a direct innervation of the mouse vomeronasal glands (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 247 (1987), S. 457-459 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Vomeronasal glands ; Autonomic innervation ; Electron microscopy ; Mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The morphological evidence for a direct autonomic innervation of the mouse vomeronasal glands is presented. Axonal varicosities containing a few densecore vesicles and numerous clear vesicles (36–60 nm in diameter) make synaptic contacts with the secretory cells at the base of the glandular acini. The axonal presynaptic membrane is associated with a distinct dense material and it is separated from the secretory cell by a synaptic cleft of about 12–14 nm. At the postsynaptical level, coated vesicles can be found. Additional postsynaptical specializations have not been observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218328
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  • 39
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    Electronic Resource
    Electron-microscopic characterization of adrenergic axon terminals in the diencephalon of the rat (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 248 (1987), S. 393-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenaline ; Phenylethanolamine-N-methyl transferase ; Immunocytochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Central nervous system ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of adrenergic axon terminals was examined in the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PNT) and in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus-median eminence (ARC-ME) complex by use of phenylethanolamine-N-methyl transferase (PNMT) immunocytochemistry. In the PNT, immunoreactive terminals formed a dense and well-circumscribed plexus. In the ARC, labeled varicosities were less numerous and more evenly distributed. In the ME, they were scarce and confined to the inner zone. In all these areas, the diameter of immunoreactive varicosities ranged between 0.2 and 1.3 μm; in the ME and in the transitional zone between the ARC and the ME, a population of larger boutons (〉2 μm) was also visible. All immunoreactive varicosities exhibited densely packed small, clear vesicles associated with a few large granular vesicles. In the PNT and the ARC, but not in the ME, they formed synaptic contacts with dendritic elements and were occasionally apposed to neuronal cell bodies. These axo-somatic appositions showed no junctional specializations. In the ME and transitional zone, immunoreactive terminals were frequently juxtaposed to, and occasionally established differentiated synaptic contacts with, tanycytes. These data support a transmitter role for adrenaline in the diencephalon and suggest that adrenaline plays a role in hypothalamo-hypophysiotropic regulation through interactions with neural and glial elements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218207
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  • 40
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    Electronic Resource
    Diversification of the myofibrillar M-band in rat skeletal muscle during postnatal development (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 248 (1987), S. 169-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: M-band structure ; Fibre type ; Skeletal muscle ; Cryo ultramicrotomy ; Electron microscopy ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of the M-band in soleus (SOL) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles in newborn and four-week-old rats was studied using electron-microscopic techniques. In newborn rats, all myotubes and fibres in both muscles had an identical myofibrillar appearance. A five-line M-band pattern was seen in longitudinal sections and distinct M-bridges in cross-sections. The Z-discs were of medium width. On the other hand, in four-week-old rats, different muscle fibre types were observed on the basis of their myofibrillar pattern. In SOL two fibre types were distinguished in longitudinal sections. One had a four-line M-band pattern and very broad Z-discs, whereas the other type had five lines in the M-band and broad Z-discs. In EDL, three different myofibrillar patterns were observed. The M-bands were composed of three, four or five lines. Fibres had either thin, broad or medium Z-disc widths, respectively. In cross-sections of the SOL muscle one group of fibres showed indistinct M-bridges, whereas distinct M-bridges were seen in the other fibres and in all observed EDL muscle fibres. We conclude that initially there seems to be a single intrinsic program for M-band genesis; this program becomes modified upon the induction of functionally differentiated fibres.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01239978
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural demonstration of nerve endings containing a substance related to growth hormone-releasing factor in the guinea-pig paraventricular nucleus (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 248 (1987), S. 223-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Human growth hormone-releasing factor (hGRF) ; Paraventricular nucleus ; Immunocytochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Synapses ; Guinea pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary By means of a preembedding immuno-electronmicroscopic technique, a large number of nerve endings containing a substance related to human growth hormonereleasing factor (hGRF) have been demonstrated in the paraventricular nucleus of the guinea pig. They made synaptic contacts primarily with dendritic shafts: 80% of these contacts were symmetrical. The immunoprecipitate was located mainly in large granules and around small clear vesicles. These findings suggest that a peptide related to hGRF may play a role in neural communication in the paraventricular nucleus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01239984
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  • 42
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    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemistry of contractile and cytoskeletal proteins in smooth muscle: Lowicryl, LR White, and polyvinylalcohol compared (1987)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 139 (1987), S. 160-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Cytoskeleton ; Contractile proteins ; Lowicryl ; LR White ; Polyvinylalcohol ; Immunogold staining ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Three embedding media have been compared with respect to post-embedding immunolabeling of contractile and cytoskeletal antigens in aldehyde-fixed smooth muscle tissue: the methacrylate derivates lowicryl K4M (cured at −35 or 60°C) and LR White (cured at 0 or 60°C) and the water soluble resin, polyvinylalcohol (dried at 60°C). Measurements of intensity of labeling of ultrathin sections in the fluorescence microscope showed that five antigens (actin, myosin light chain, tropomyosin, filamin and vinculin) reacted more or less equally with their respective antibodies in all the embedding media, including those cured at 60°C. One antibody (anti-light meromyosin) reacted well only with polyvinylalcohol-embedded tissue. In contrast to the relative invariance of antibody reactivity between media clear differences in the preservation of ultrastructural integrity were observed. Embedding in polyvinylalcohol (dried at 60°C) and in Lowicryl (cured at −35°C) resulted in superior preservation as compared to Lowicryl or LR White cured at 60°C. Examples of uitrastructural immunocytochemistry with the antibodies against filamin and myosin light chain, using the immunogold staining procedure are presented: the sites of localization by these antibodies were the same with all the media tried. The relative merits of the different methods are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01282287
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    Morphology and development of rhabdovirus-like particles inCuscuta odorata (Convolvulaceae) simultaneous infected with virus and mycoplasma-like organisms (1987)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 139 (1987), S. 130-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Cytopathology ; Rhabdovirus ; Development ; Electron microscopy ; Cuscuta
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Electron microscopic examination ofCuscuta odorata, used for transmission trials, revealed mycoplasma-like organisms (MLO) as well as rhabdovirus-like particles, unknown toCuscuta. The virus infection is confined to certain phloem-parenchyma cells and a 1–2 cell thick layer of parenchyma cells with thickened walls surrounding the central cylinder. Virus particles, mostly bacilliform, could be detected mainly in the nucleus but also in the cytoplasm. They reach a length of 350–400 nm and a diameter of approximately 75 nm. Virus assembly takes place exclusively in the nucleus. Virus maturation occurs in membrane bound areas within the nucleus, which have no connection with the perinuclear space. Formation of nucleocapsids is always associated with a nuclear viroplasm. Envelopment of virus particles occurs in these membrane bound areas. Budding into the perinuclear space does not occur. Virus infection leads to degeneration and finally to death of the protoplast.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01282283
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    A light and electron microscope study ofPicea glauca (White spruce) somatic embryos (1987)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 140 (1987), S. 100-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Actin ; Conifer ; Electron microscopy ; Picea glauca ; Somatic embryo ; Tissue culture ; Ultrastructure ; White spruce
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Somatic embryos in embryogenic callus cultures derived from Immature zygotic embryos ofPicea glauca (White spruce) were examined by light and electron microscopy. Somatic embryos consist of an embryonic region of small densely cytoplasmic cells subtended by a suspensor consisting of long highly vacuolated cells. Mitotic figures are frequent in the embryonic cells but are not observed in the suspensor. Cell divisions in the embryonic region apparently produce rows of cells which elongate to form the suspensor. The presence of abundant polysomes, coated membranes and dictyosomes in the cytoplasm of embryonic and upper suspensor cells suggests rapid growth of the embryo. In contrast the basipetal suspensor cells appear to be senescing. While only a few scattered microfilaments are present in the meristematic cells, the upper suspensor cells contain numerous bundles of longitudinally oriented microfilaments. These bundles correspond to actin cables observed in light microscope preparations stained with rhodamine labelled phalloidin and are oriented parallel to the direction of active streaming in these cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01273718
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  • 45
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    Electronic Resource
    Medulloblastoma: histological evaluation and prognosis (1987)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 3 (1987), S. 74-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Medulloblastoma ; GFAP-positivity ; Electron microscopy ; Postoperative follow-up
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Eighty-four cases of medulloblastoma were examined immunohistochemically and 12 by electron microscopy to assess differentiation in these tumors. Based upon the largest series of medulloblastoma studied to date, we demonstrated glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) positivity, in 25% (21/84) of these tumors showing glial differentiation. GFAP-positive cells were seen more frequently in the desmoplastic variant of medulloblastoma (7/10). Under electron microscopy, the major part of the 12 tumors studied appeared primitive and undifferentiated. In 7 cases, groups of cells were found with primitive neuronal and/or glial features. GFAP positivity was confirmed at light microscopy level in all cases where cells showed glial differentiation in the form of glial-like filaments in cytoplasma. However, a follow-up questionnaire study of those patients who had received only surgical treatment revealed no difference in mean survival time between GFAP-positive and GFAP-negative medulloblastoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00271127
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  • 46
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    Electronic Resource
    An immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study of a central venous hemangioma of the mandible (1987)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 244 (1987), S. 30-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Central venous hemangioma ; Mandible ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To date, 96 cases of central hemangiomas of the jawbones have been described in the literature. Of these cases, the mandible has been more affected than the maxilla, while approximately 50% of all cases occur in the first and second decades of life. Histopathologically, cavernous and capillary types are often found, in contrast to the central venous type, which is rare. We have recently treated a 44-year-old man, who was found to have a central venous hemangioma in his mandible. Immunohistochemical studies were performed using factor-VIIIrelated antigen as well as various lectins as markers for tumor endothelial cells. Our results showed that four kinds of lectins (UEA-I, PNA, ConA, and DBA) were useful for the marker as factor-VIII-related antigen. Scanning electron microscopic findings of this tumor demonstrated that the lumina of the blood vessels were more rough, while the lining endothelial cells were more irregular when compared with those of the normal vascular system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00453488
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  • 47
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    Electronic Resource
    Autonomic innervation of the arteriovenous anastomoses in the dog tongue (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 247 (1987), S. 167-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Arteriovenous anastomoses ; Autonomic innervation ; Synaptic vesicles ; Histochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Tongue ; Dog
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The innervation of the arteriovenous anastomoses in the dog tongue has been investigated. At the lightmicroscopic level, the vessels were found to be densely supplied with adrenergic and AChE-positive nerve plexuses and less densely with the quinacrine-binding nerve plexus. At the electron-microscopic level, at least two apparently different types of axon profiles were identified: 1) Small vesicle-containing axons, characterized by many small granular vesicles, variable numbers of small clear vesicles and large granular vesicles. Storage of endogenous amines and uptake of exogenous amines into most small granular vesicles and many large granular vesicles was demonstrated. These axons stained only lightly with reaction products for AChE activity and thus seemed to be adrenergic in nature. Some axons contained numerous large granular vesicles, whose cores occasionally stained with uranyl ions; this suggests a co-localization of ATP or peptides as neurotransmitters. 2) Small granular vesicle-free axons, containing small clear vesicles and large granular vesicles in variable ratio. Most cores of these large granular vesicles were heavily stained with uranyl ions. No storage or uptake of amine into the synaptic vesicles was detected. Some axons appeared to be typically cholinergic, some, typically non-adrenergic, noncholinergic, and the rest, intermediate between the two. All axons stained heavily with reaction products for AChE activity, suggesting their cholinergic nature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216559
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    Electronic Resource
    The seminal vesicle of the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 247 (1987), S. 573-582 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Seminal vesicle ; Histology ; Histochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Physiology ; Clarias gariepinus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The seminal vesicle of the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, consists of 36–44 fingerlike lobes built up of tubules in which a fluid is secreted containing acid polysaccharides, acid-, neutral- and basic proteins, and phospholipids. In this fluid sperm cells are stored. The seminal vesicle fluid immobilizes the sperm cells. After ejaculation, it prolongs the period of sperm activity. The seminal vesicle fluid is secreted by the epithelium lining the tubules. The tubules in the proximal part of the lobes are predominantly lined by a simple cylindrical and those of the distal part by a simple squamous epithelium. These epithelial cells contain enzymes involved in energy-liberating processes, the enzyme activites being proportional to the height of the cells. Interstitial cells between the tubules have enzyme-histochemical and ultrastructural features indicative of steroid biosynthesis. Similar characteristics are found in testicular interstitial cells. The most rostral seminal vesicle lobes and the most caudal testicular efferent tubules form a network of tubules that opens at the point where the paired parts of the sperm ducts fuse with each other. The tubules of most seminal vesicle lobes, however, form a complex system that fuses with the unpaired part of the sperm duct.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215751
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    Electronic Resource
    Innervation of chromatophore muscle fibres in the octopus Eledone cirrhosa (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 248 (1987), S. 675-682 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Molluscan muscles ; Innervation ; Chromatophores ; Cephalopods ; Electron microscopy ; Eledone cirrhosa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cephalopod chromatophores are made of a central pigment cell surrounded by 10 to 20 radially arranged muscle fibres under direct nervous control. Innervation of these muscle fibres was studied with anterograde cobalt fills of peripheral nerve bundles and light and electron microscopy. Individual axons branch repeatedly to innervate the muscles of chromatophores scattered over several millimeters. Axons contained in several dermal nerves converge to innervate the same chromatophores. Among the chromaophores, axons were found running either singly or in small bundles, often accompanied by sheath cells. Single chromatophore muscles were innervated by at least one axon running across or along its length. Since nerves terminating on chromatophore muscles are very rare, neuromuscular contact seems to be made “en passant”. Varicosities of the axons apposed to the muscles are thought to be presynaptic sites. However, morphological differentiations of the pre-or post-synaptic membranes were not visible. Two types of innervating processes were found containing either electron-clear or a mixture of electron-clear and dark-core synaptic vesicles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216498
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    Demonstration of microtubules in the terminal web of mature absorptive cells from the small intestine of the rat (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 248 (1987), S. 709-711 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Microtubules ; Terminal web ; Small intestine ; Electron microscopy ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The terminal web (TW) region of mature absorptive cells in the small intestine of the rat contains an elaborate cytoskeleton which supports the apical microvillus membrane. In studies regarding the structural organization of the cytoskeleton and associated proteins in the small intestine, microtubules have not been mentioned as components of the TW. By transmission electron microscopy of conventional resin-embedded sections of rat small intestine, we observe many microtubule profiles in the TW of mature absorptive cells. These microtubules are found in various orientations, although most course parallel to the long axis of the cell, and many microtubule profiles are seen in close association with smooth-surfaced vesicles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216503
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    Ultrastructural distribution of alpha-bungarotoxin binding sites in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the rat hypothalamus (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 250 (1987), S. 13-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Alpha-bungarotoxin ; Autoradiography ; Cholinergic receptors ; Electron microscopy ; Suprachiasmatic nucleus ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of (125I) alpha bungarotoxin (α-BTX) binding sites in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the adult female rat was examined by electron-microscopic autoradiography. The ultrastructural distribution of silver grains was analysed by line source, direct point count, and 50% probability circle methods. Real grain distribution was significantly different from that of randomly generated hypothetical grains. Line source analysis demonstrated two populations of sources: one associated with membranes, and one inside neuronal structures. Probability circle analysis of shared grains indicated that membrane-bound-radioactive sources were mainly asssociated with axo-dendritic appositions. Only a small proportion of labeled neuronal interfaces exhibited synaptic differentiations in the plane of section. However, the compartment containing synaptic terminals was the most enriched when comparing real to hypothetical grains. Probability circle analysis of exclusive grains demonstrated that sources that were not associated with neuronal plasma membranes were likely to be within nerve cell bodies and dendrites. It is concluded that the majority of specifically labeled α-BTX binding sites in the SCN is membrane bound, and may be associated with axodendritic synaptic transmission. The presence of a significant proportion of the label in the soma and dendrites of suprachiasmatic neurons 24 h after ventricular infusion suggests that some of the labeled binding sites (junctional or nonjunctional) may be internalized within these two compartments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214648
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    Bipolarity of duodenal enterochromaffin cells in the rat (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 248 (1987), S. 49-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Enterochromaffin cells ; Serotonin ; Duodenum ; Immunocytochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Enterochromaffin cells of the rat duodenum have been studied immunocytochemically by use of a specific antiserum to serotonin. At the light-microscopic level serotonin immunoreactivity was observed in enterochromaffin cells located in the epithelium of the duodenal mucosa. Most of the serotonin-immunoreactive material was localized to the basal portion of the enterochromaffin cells, but small amounts of immunoreactive material were regularly observed in the apical portion. At the electron-microscopic level serotonin immunoreactivity in enterochromaffin cells was found to be concentrated over the dense cores of the cytoplasmic granules. The majority of these granules was located in the basal cytoplasm of the enterochromaffin cells, but serotonin-immunoreactive granules were also observed in the apical cytoplasm immediately beneath the microvilli. These observations indicate that duodenal enterochromaffin cells are bipolar and that they secrete serotonin both basally, to the circulation, and apically, to the gut lumen. Rat duodenal enterochromaffin cells thus appear to have an exocrine as well as an endocrine function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01239961
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    The Development of the Electron Microscope and of Electron Microscopy (Nobel Lecture)Copyright © The Nobel Foundation 1987. - We thank the Nobel Foundation, Stockholm, for permission to publish this article. (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 26 (1987), S. 595-605 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Nobel lecture ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.198705953
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    Scanning Tunneling Microscopy - from Birth to Adolescence (Nobel Lecture)Copyright © The Nobel Foundation 1987.-We thank the Nobel Foundation, Stockholm, for permission to print this article. (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 26 (1987), S. 606-614 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Scanning probe microscopy ; Nobel lecture ; Electron microscopy ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.198706061
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    Electron microscopic analysis of articular cartilage proteoglycan degradation by growth plate enzymes (1987)
    Hoboken, NJ [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Orthopaedic Research 5 (1987), S. 128-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 0736-0266
    Keywords: Growth plate ; Protease ; Proteoglycan ; Electron microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To assess the effect of intracellular growth plate chondrocyte enzymes on proteoglycan structure, we examined enzyme-treated articular cartilage proteoglycans and untreated articular cartilage proteoglycans with the electron microscopic monolayer technique. The untreated proteoglycan monomers ranged in length from less than 20 nm to more than 700 nm, with a mean length of 224.5 + 101.6 nm in one experiment and 224.6 + 95.7 nm in a second experiment. Incubation with growth plate enzymes reduced proteoglycan monomers to fragments with lengths that varied from less than 5 nm to 143 nm, increased the variability in monomer length, and destroyed proteoglycan aggregates. The enzyme treated monomers had an average length of 29.5 + 17.9 nm in one experiment and 35.2 + 17.0 nm in a second experiment. The smallest common fragments were 15 nm long and would be expected to contain about 15 glycosaminoglycan chains. This experiment demonstrates that enzymes extracted from growth plate chondrocytes can degrade the chondroitin sulfate-rich region of proteoglycan monomer core proteins, produce a range of monomer fragment sizes with less than 20% of the fragments shorter than 5 nm or longer than 100 nm, increase the variability in monomer length, and degrade proteoglycan aggregates.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jor.1100050116
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    Contamination of thin sections: Some observations on the cause and elimination of “embedding pepper” (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 5 (1987), S. 59-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Postsection staining ; Section contamination ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: A method is described for eliminating a form of contamination called embedding pepper that appears in, or on, thin sections following poststaining in lead citrate. The pepper is present most often in the matrixes of mitochondria, peroxisomes, and red blood cells. Formation of pepper can be prevented by treating the section with 0.5 N HCl or 1.0% ethylenediaminete-traacetic acid (EDTA) for 1-5 min before staining in uranyl acetate or lead citrate.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060050106
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    Immunolocalization of Alpha-Actinin in Adult Chicken Skeletal Muscles (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 6 (1987), S. 357-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Immunolabeling ; Skeletal muscle ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Immunoelectron microscopy techniques were used to localize alpha-actinin within the Z lattice of adult skeletal muscles. Analysis of electron micrographs by direct visualization demonstrated that anti-alpha-actinin Fab fragments bound throughout the Z lattice. A low-resolution scanning densitometry technique was developed to quantitate the visual increase in the density of the Z lattice. These techniques did not allow determination of the particular component of the Z lattice, amorphous matrix, axial filaments, or cross-connecting filaments with which the antibody was associated. Therefore, additional techniques, including direct measurement of filament diameters and optical diffraction, were utilized in determining which components of the Z lattice bound anti-alpha-actinin Fab fragments. These analyses suggest that the antibody binding is distributed evenly throughout the lattice, along the filaments, and between them and is confined to the region of double overlap of the ends of the thin filaments.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060060406
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    Differences in matrix vesicle concentration among growth plate zones (1987)
    Hoboken, NJ [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Orthopaedic Research 5 (1987), S. 157-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 0736-0266
    Keywords: Matrix vesicles ; Growth plate ; Electron microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We studied the proximal tibial growth plates of 15-day-old mice to determine if matrix vesicle concentration varies among growth plate zones or between the pericellular and territorial matrix compartment and the interterritorial matrix compartment. Growth plates were examined by electron microscopy and divided into five zones: reserve zone (RZ), upper proliferative zone (UPZ), lower proliferative zone (LPZ), upper hypertrophic zone (UHZ), and lower hypertrophic zone (LHZ) which included the calcifying zone. We measured the diameter and volume fraction of matrix vesicles and calculated their numerical density and volume per cell and number per cell in the pericellular and territorial matrix and in the interterritorial matrix of each zone. In the pericellular and territorial matrix compartment, the matrix vesicle concentration progressively decreased from the RZ to the LHZ. Changes in matrix vesicle concentration in the interterritorial matrix followed a different pattern. Between the RZ and the UPZ, matrix vesicle numerical density declined slightly and then increased to peak values in the LPZ and UHZ, followed by a decline between the UHZ and the LHZ. These changes in matrix vesicle concentration paralleled previously reported changes in intramitochondrial calcium content (8), suggesting that matrix vesicle production in growth plate may be related to intracellular calcium concentration. The existence of the maximum concentration of matrix vesicles in the LPZ and UHZ longitudinal septa which do not mineralize followed by a decline in matrix vesicle concentration in the LHZ longitudinal septa which mineralize suggests that a high concentration of matrix vesicles may be needed to prepare the matrix for mineralization or to initiate mineralization and that matrix vesicles are depleted during mineralization.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jor.1100050202
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    Removal of epoxy-attached thin sections from glass slides by plasma etching (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 5 (1987), S. 131-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Sample preparation ; Petrographic thin sections ; Adhesive removal ; Oxygen plasma etching ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Thin-sectioned samples mounted on glass slides with common petrographic epoxies cannot be easily removed (for subsequent ion-milling) by standard methods such as heating or dissolution in solvents. A method for the removal of such samples using a radio frequency (RF) generated oxygen plasma has been investigated for a number of typical petrographic and ceramic thin sections. Sample integrity and thickness were critical factors that determined the etching rate of adhesive and the survivability of the sample. Several tests were performed on a variety of materials in order to estimate possible heating or oxidation damage from the plasma. Temperatures in the plasma chamber remained below 138°C and weight changes in mineral powders etched for 76 hr were less than ±4%. A crystal of optical grade calcite showed no apparent surface damage after 48 hr of etching. Any damage from the oxygen plasma is apparently confined to the surface of the sample, and is removed during the ion-milling stage of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) sample preparation.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060050203
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    Comparison of surface roughness of sections cut by diamond, sapphire, and glass knives (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 6 (1987), S. 81-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Ultramicrotomy ; Thin sectioning ; Microtome knives ; Electron microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Low-angle chromium metal shadowing was used to compare the surface roughness of ultrathin sections cut with diamond, sapphire, and glass knives. Surface roughness was less on diamond-cut and sapphire-cut sections than on glass-cut sections, and was greater over tissue than resin, and greatest over red blood cells and mitochondria. Surface roughness contributed to image density variation and thereby lowered contrast and informational content of the sectioned tissue.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060060110
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  • 61
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    Structure of the M Band (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 6 (1987), S. 131-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Skeletal muscle ; Myofibrils ; Fish ; Electron microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: We have studied the structure of the M band in fish skeletal muscle using thin sectioning and deep-etching rotary shadowing. A reconstruction of the M band from these images shows it to be formed by obliquely arranged struts, which join the thick filaments to each other. Thickening of the thick filaments' profiles and nodal points where the struts cross each other are responsible for the fine sublines visible in longitudinal sections of the M band region.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060060204
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  • 62
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    Postembedding ultrastructural immunocytochemistry of neural antigens on tissues previously processed for routine light and electron microscopy: Preservation of antigenicity up to 22 years after initial fixation (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 5 (1987), S. 81-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Colloidal gold ; Glial fibrillary acidic protein ; Neuron-specific enolase ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: A postembedding immunocytochemical technique is described that allows ultrastructural localization of glial fibrillary acidic protein and neuron-specific enolase on tissues originally processed only for routine light and electron microscopy. Use of the oxidizing agent sodium metaperiodate prior to incubation with the primary antiserum sufficiently removes osmium tetroxide (OsO4) from potential antigen - antibody combining sites to allow specific localization of these neural antigens by colloidal gold immunolabelling. Both human and monkey neural tissues, prepared for routine ultrastructural examination with aldehyde fixatives and OsO4 postfixation, show excellent ultrastructural morphology and antigen localization. In addition, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded pathological human brain tissues, obtained at autopsy up to 22 years previously, show good ultrastructural immunolocalization of glial fibrillary acidic protein when re-embedded for electron microscopy. Thus, ultrastructural immunolocalization of certain neural antigens is easily achieved in tissues originally processed for routine light and electron microscopy. This allows re-examination of archival tissues using current immunocy-tochemical advances, including that of selected pathological tissues previously prepared solely for light microscopy.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060050109
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  • 63
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    Procedural guide to specimen handling for the ultrastructural pathology service laboratory (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 6 (1987), S. 255-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Fixation ; Processing ; Electron microscopy ; Human biopsies ; Diagnosis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Transmission electron microscopy serves a useful and often diagnostic purpose in the analysis of human disease. The emerging discipline of ultrastructural pathology serves a much wider field than that of kidney pathology and, of necessity, requires two essential elements. These are (1) the interpretive knowledge which covers all cells in all tissues which compose all organs, their normal substructural composition, and the ultrastructural expression of all of the basic mechanisms of the pathobiology of human disease, and (2) technically excellent preparations of these varied specimens.In this review, we emphasize the technical aspects necessary for the preparation of these specimens. These include the handling of varied specimens from the time of interruption of blood flow to the sample until fixation, fixation methodology, and routine processing methods for electron microscopy. Specialized techniques that are readily accomplished in an ultrastructural pathology service laboratory are also described. These include methods for the demonstration of glycogen, peroxidase(s), the glycocalyx. We also describe the preparation of permanent, alkaline Giemsa-stained 1-μm plastic sections for light microscopic diagnosis, the use of an agar-pelleting technique to change cell suspensions into readily handled blocks, and the use of Spurr's (J. Ultrastruct. Res. 26:31, 1969) low viscosity embedding for all skin and heavily collagenized specimens.The diagnostic report for individual samples can routinely be available within 24 hours of specimen arrival in the ultrastructural pathology laboratory with the methods we review here. Examples of these varied samples of human tissues and cells and methods for preparing them are illustrated. We have found such methods useful for diagnostic purposes, e.g., to identify the site of origin of a brain metastasis as the alveolar cell (type II pneumocyte) of the lung, based on the presence of typical lamellar (surfactant) bodies in the metastatic tumor cells (Dvorak and Monahan-Earley: Norelco Reporter 32:29-36, 1985c), as well as to describe for the first time a new tumor, such as the gut autonomic nerve (GAN) tumor (Walker and Dvorak: Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 110:309-316, 1986) or a cell injury process, axonal necrosis, to be characteristic of Crohn's disease (Dvorak et al.: Hum. Pathol. 11:620-634, 1980d; Dvorak and Silen: Ann. Surg. 201:53-63, 1985).
    Additional Material: 49 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060060302
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  • 64
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    Electronic Resource
    Quasicrystals and noncrystallographic symmetry (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 7 (1987), S. 277-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Electron diffraction ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: New findings on quasicrystals with icosahedral, octagonal, decagonal, and dodecagonal symmetries obtained recently in the Beijing Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, are presented. Special emphasis is put on the relation between quasicrystalline and crystalline structures. The important role played by electron diffraction and high-resolution electron microscopy in revealing these quasiperiodic structures is pointed out.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060070406
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  • 65
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    Electronic Resource
    A computer program for morphometry of circular and elliptical profiles on the microscope (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 7 (1987), S. 191-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Morphometry ; Computer program ; Electron microscopy ; Stereology ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: We describe a short computer program, which is written in Pascal language, to measure the diameter of circular and elliptical profiles in sections. Coordinate pairs on the microscope stage, corresponding to two or three points of a profile, are input to obtain its diameter. The program enables one to take measurements directly on the microscope, thereby reducing photographic work and caliper measurement. While the program is largely designed for electron microscopy, it also may be useful for light microscopy morphometry.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060070307
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  • 66
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    Some nanostructural features in ceramics (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 7 (1987), S. 301-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Nanostructure ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Nanostructural features in some ceramics have been discussed and reviewed. Based on our research results and recent published investigations, many topics, such as grain, grain boundary, interface film, grain boundary engineering, microcrack, microdomain, nanodomain, domain boundary, and phase transformation, etc., have been dealt with; and many materials, such as Si3N4, β″-Al2O3, MgO, SiC, (Hg, Cd) Te, BNN, ZrO2, PLZT, CdSe, Ca10(PO4)6, (OH)2, etc., have been involved. The results are important to understand the relation between the structure and property of materials and to improve the materials' technology.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060070409
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    An electron microscopic study of plasmatic arterionecrosis in the human cerebral arteries (1976)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 369 (1976), S. 181-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Cerebral hemorrhage ; Cerebral artery disease ; Plasmatic arterionecrosis ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An electron microscopic study of the intracerebral arteries from 9 hypertensive cases was performed in order to elucidate the morphogenesis of the plasmatic arterionecrosis which was considered to be the direct cause of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. In the preceding stage of the arterial lesions, marked necrosis of medial smooth muscle cells and increase of basement membrane-like substance in the intima and media were observed. The lumina of these arteries were slightly dilated. The dilatation and hemodynamic factors were supposed to cause endothelial injury resulting in blood plasma insudation into the intima through the opened spaces between endothelial cells. The insudated blood plasma dispersed and dissolved the basement membrane-like substance, collagen and elastic fibers in the arterial wall, leading to the development of the plasmatic arterionecrosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427707
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  • 68
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    Experimentell induzierte Herzmuskelfasernekrosen nach Praemedikation mit Strophanthin (1976)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 370 (1976), S. 141-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Angiotensin ; Catecholamine ; Strophanthin ; Rat heart ; Myocardial necroses ; Optical microscopy ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei der Ratte nehmen die durch Angiotensin induzierten Herzmuskelfasernekrosen (75 mg/kg s.c. und i.p.) unter Strophanthin-Praemedikation (2 × 10−2 mg/kg i.p.) an Zahl und Ausmaß ab. Darüberhinaus ändert sich der elektronenmikroskopische Befund: Die alleinige Gabe von Angiotensin bewirkt eine Vakuolisation der Mitochondrion und eine Dilatation des endoplasmatischen Reticulum ohne Alteration der Myofibrillen. Die kombinierte Gabe von Strophanthin und Angiotensin führt zu einer primären Zerstörung der Myofibrillen, ohne daß Mitochondrien und tubuläres System sichtbar verändert werden. Der Schutzmechanismus des Strophanthin wird im Sinne einer Ökonomisierung des Zellstoffwechsels bei relativer coronarieller Insuffizienz diskutiert, welche durch die starke vasokonstriktorische Wirkung des Angiotensin ausgelöst wird.
    Notes: Summary Number and degree of angiotensin-induced heart muscle necroses in the rat (75 mg/kg body weight) are diminuished by premedication with strophanthin (2 × 10−2 mg/kg body weight). The electron-microscopic findings are also changed: the application of angiotensin only results in vacuolization of mitochondria and a dilatation of the endoplasmatic reticulum while myofibrils are unaltered. Angiotensin in combination with strophanthin has a direct destructive effect on the myofibrils without evident changes of the mitochondria and the tubular system of the heart. The protective action of Strophanthin on the heart muscle cell is discussed in the sense of an economization of the cellular metabolism under conditions of relative coronary insufficiency, induced by the vasoconstructive effect of angiotensin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00430810
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  • 69
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    Electronic Resource
    Hairy cell leukemia (1976)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 370 (1976), S. 273-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Bone marrow biopsy ; Hairy cell leukemia ; Differential diagnosis ; Myelofibrosis ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In 24 patients with hairy cell leukemia, histological and fine structural findings from biopsies of the bone marrow are reported and their validity is compared with other diagnostic procedures available. Diagnosis by light microscopy of anterior iliac crest biopsies obtained by the method of myelotomy is possible with a high degree of accuracy. The differentiation of hairy cell leukemia from other myelo- or lymphoproliferative disorders based on cytomorphology as well as patterns of growth is emphasized. Morphological differences between fibrosis in this entity and other lesions such as malignant lymphomas, Hodgkin's disease, osteomyelofibrosis and -sclerosis are emphasized. Electron microscopy of the bone marrow shows single fibroblastic cells with numerous slender cytoplasmic processes randomly dispersed among the hairy cells. These fibroblasts are probably responsible for the synthesis of the reticulin and collagen fibres in their surroundings. Moreover fine structure of the hairy cells demonstrates pinocytic activity but no apparent phagocytosis in contrast to the phagocytic reticulum cells (histiocytes, macrophages). In the bone marrow the precursor cells and the many immature forms of hairy cells exhibit an overall lymphocytoid appearance during their maturation, suggesting a lymphocytic origin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00445773
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  • 70
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    Specificity of innervation of iris musculature by sympathetic nerve fibres in tissue culture (1976)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 361 (1976), S. 127-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Tissue culture ; Fluorescence histochemistry ; Electrophysiology ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Irides from 3–5 day old rats have been grown 1–3 mm from superior cervical or lumbar paravertebral sympathetic ganglia in modified Rose chambers. The two muscles of the iris received distinctly different innervation patternsin vitro, and these were similar to those seenin vivo. Varicose, adrenergic fibres were consistently associated with the dilator pupillae rather than with the sphincter pupillae while excitatory, cholinergic junctions developed between the nerve fibres and the muscle cells of the sphincter but not the dilator. There was a lack of specificity shown by the sympathetic neurons during this innervation. Fibres from lumbar ganglia formed plexuses within the dilator similar to those formed by superior cervical fibres, and sympathetic, cholinergic fibres were able to substitute for the normal parasympathetic, cholinergic fibres in the sphincter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00583456
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  • 71
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    Fluorescence histochemical and electron-microscopical observations on the innervation of the atrial myocardium of the adult human heart (1976)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 371 (1976), S. 101-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Human heart ; Innervation ; Fluorescence histochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Catecholamines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The existence of both adrenergic and cholinergic innervation of the atrial myocardium of the adult human heart was demonstrated by means of fluorescence induced by formaldehyde or glyoxylic acid and by electron microscopy. The adrenergic fluorescing axons (1) followed the course of blood vessels as typical perivascular nerve plexuses, and (2) formed a three-dimensional fairly dense nerve net obviously not related to the blood vessels. The varicosities frequently came into close apposition on myocardial cells. Several types of nerve terminals were differentiated at electron microscopy: (1) an “adrenergic” type containing small (diameter 450–700 Å) dense-cored vesicles and usually (in various proportions) small “empty” and/or large (900–1500 Å) dense-cored vesicles, (2) a “cholinergic” type containing small (ca. 500 Å) “empty” vesicles and occasionally also some large (mean diameter ca. 1200 Å) dense-cored vesicles, (3) a “pale” type containing only a few or no vesicles, (4) a “disintegrated” type containing degenerated mitochondria, autophagic vacuoles, and occasional normal-looking mitochondria, (5) nerve terminals containing a large number of mitochondria in addition to varying vesicle populations, and (6) a (possibly baroreceptive type of) nerve terminal containing myelinlike lamellated structures. The “disintegrated” and the “pale” types of nerve terminals possibly represent different stages of axonal degeneration, or may correspond to diminution in the transmitter substance concentration under certain pathophysiologic conditions, respectively. Nerve terminals crowded with mitochondria may be sensory and involved in mechano-or chemoreceptive functions. In preliminary experiments convincing evidence was obtained that the glyoxylic acid-induced fluorescence histochemical method will be suitable for comparative studies on (human) clinical specimens, e.g., for analyzing the degree of the functional activity of the intrinsic adrenergic innervation of the myocardium under various pathophysiologic conditions. The modification which appeared most appropriate for such studies is described in detail, and is proposed for use as a standard method in other similar or related studies on human clinical series. The essential criteria for analyzing the specimens at fluorescence microscopy are suggested as well.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00444927
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  • 72
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    Electronic Resource
    Stereology of liver biopsies from healthy volunteers (1976)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 371 (1976), S. 251-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Human liver ; Electron microscopy ; Stereology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The stereologioal model and the base-line data of normal human liver needle biopsy-specimens are presented. Four reference systems were introduced: 1 cm3 of liver tissue, 1 cm3 of hepatoeyte, 1 cm3 of hepatocytic cytoplasm and the volume of an average “mononuclear” hepatocyte. The sampling was done at three levels of magnification (1,000 ×, 5,000 × and 10,000 ×). A lobular differentiation was not considered. The baseline data show strikingly small variations (s.e. less than 10%) within the individual biopsy specimen and within the group of four biopsies. There is no principal difference between human beings presented here, rats, mice and dogs. Only the mean individual volume of human hepatocytes is clearly larger than in rodents. The problems and limitations of stereological work on liver biopsy specimens are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00433072
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  • 73
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    Cellular differentiations and structural characteristics in nasopharyngeal angiofibromas (1976)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 371 (1976), S. 273-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma ; Fibroblast ; Vascular cells ; Fibromatosis ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An electron-microscopic study of 9 nasopharyngeal angiofibromas was performed in order to elucidate the ultrastructural characteristics. Stromal fibroblasts and proliferating cells of the microvasculature were found. The stromal fibroblasts were subdivided into 3 different groups: (1) “classical” fibroblasts, (2) fibroblasts with histiocytelike features, and (3) fibroblasts with myoid features. By proliferation the cells of the capillary vessels change into stromal cells. A particular pattern of nuclei and dense intranuclear granules is only found in stromal fibroblasts. Consequently fibroblasts as well as cells of the microvasculature contribute to the pool of tumor cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00433074
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  • 74
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    Metabolism and ultrastructure in ovaries of alloxan-diabetic juvenile rats (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 220 (1976), S. 199-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: Rat ovaries ; Diabetes mellitus ; Alloxan ; ATP/ADP ; Lactate/pyruvate ; NADP/NADPH ; Glucose ; Protein content ; Hydrogen-coveying enzymes ; alkal. phosphatase ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurde der Einfluß eines alloxan-induzierten Diabetes mellitus auf den Stoffwechsel und die Ultrastruktur juveniler Rattenovarien untersucht. Der Diabetes mellitus bewirkte folgende Änderungen imStoffwechsel: Abfall der Konzentration von ATP und NADPH, Anstieg des Lactat/Pyruvat-Quotienten über 40, Abfall des ATP/ADP-Quotienten unter 1, Aktivitätsminderung der wasserstoffübertragenden Enzyme G-6-DH, Isocitrat-DH, Malat-DH, Aktivitätszunahme der alkalischen Phosphatase, Erniedrigung des Proteingehaltes.Ultrastruktur: Nahezu vollständiges Verschwinden des rauhen endoplasmatischen Reticulums, Schrumpfung der Mitochondrien, Reduktion der cristae und Kondensation der Matrix. Das glatte endoplasmatische Reticulum bleibt unverändert, der Golgi-Komplex ist in seiner Ausdehnung reduziert. Leichte Extrahierbarkeit der Lipiddepots. Die Befunde sprechen für eine Hemmung der oxydativen Phosphorylierung sowie für eine Beeinträchtigung des Steroid- und Proteinstoffwechsels.
    Notes: Summary Tests were carried out on the influence of alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus on the metabolism and the ultrastructure of ovaries of juvenile rats. The diabetes mellitus caused the following changes in themetabolism: reduction in the concentration of ATP and NADPH, increase in the lactate/pyruvate quotient to above 40, reduction in the ATP/ADP quotient to below 1, reduction in the level of activity of the hydrogen-conveying enzymes G-6-P-dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase, increase in the level of activity of the alkaline phosphatase, reduction of the protein content. Ultrastructure almost complete disappearance of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, shrinkage of the mitochondria, reduction of the cristae and condensation of the matrix. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum remains unchanged, the extent of the Golgi-complex is reduced. Easy removal of the lipid deposits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00667748
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    Ultrastructure of the labyrinth in the rat full-term placenta (1976)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 149 (1976), S. 123-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Rat-placenta ; Gap junctions ; Electron microscopy ; Freeze-fracturing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The placental labyrinth of the chorioallantoic placenta of the rat was studied with transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Full-term placentas were investigated after perfusion fixation from the maternal and fetal circulation, including thin-sectioning and freeze-fracturing. The labyrinthal three-dimensional structure was found not to be trabecular but spongious lamellar. We propose a division of the lamellae into three groups—the first, second, and third order. The trophoblastic layers are described in detail, showing a cellular layer I and two syncytial layers II and III. Layer I is found to be fenestrated and highly permeable. Layers II and III are connected by extended gap junction areas. It is suggested that the gap junctions function as a molecular sieve and represent the limiting barrier in diaplacental transport of the choriollantoic placenta. Fetal capillaries are fenestrated and endothelial cells are connected by tight junctions. The functional significance of the morphologic findings is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00317893
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    Studies on experimental malignant nerve sheath tumors maintained in tissue and organ culture systems II. Electron microscopy observations (1976)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 34 (1976), S. 293-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Experimental malignant Schwannomas ; Organ culture ; Electron microscopy ; Differentiation ; Microtubules ; Basal lamina ; Perineurial fibroblasts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The sequential electron microscopic features of six malignant nerve sheath tumors (three cranial and three spinal) induced in rats by transplacental ethylnitrosourea and maintained in organ culture systems were compared with those of a human acoustic Schwannoma similarly cultured. After 4 weeks in vitro, the malignant tumor cells often showed progressive elongation of their processes, with the development of an interdigitating pattern resembling that seen in well-differentiated Schwannomas. This was accompanied by an increase of microtubules. Basal lamina formation, less well-developed and less complete than in the benign Schwannoma in this study, was maintained in culture. Some explants demonstrated an increase in number and width of collagen fibrils, accompanied by a relative concomitant decrease of intercellular basement membrane material. The malignant tumor cells also showed numerous micropinocytotic vesicles and various junctional complexes, which are characteristic of perineurial cells. Since the origin of the experimental tumors from adult Schwann cells seems well established, this apparent contradiction is best resolved by the concept that Schwann cells and perineurial fibroblasts are functional variants of the same cell type.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00696559
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  • 77
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    Vacuolation of oligodendroglia in neoplastic perifocal edema (1976)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 35 (1976), S. 1-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cytoplasmic vacuole ; Oligodendroglia ; Brain edema ; Metastatic carcinoma ; Glioma ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Vacuolation of oligodendroglia, a new type of cytopathological change, has been described. The change is observed frequently at the perifocally edematous cerebral white matter adjacent to the metastatic lesions of carcinoma from the lung in all three cases examined. It is also present occasionally in association with astrocytoma. This condition is characterized by swelling of oligodendroglias due to numerous cytoplasmic vacuolations which contain the material identical with that of the extracellular edema fluid. In such cells, the nucleus is displaced and deformed by vacuoles but the nuclear chromatin and envelopes are arranged normally. By occupation of numerous large vacuoles the cytoplasm is divided into small areas, but the individual organelles are only minimally altered. The oligodendroglial vacuolation seems to be a phagocytic response to the edema fluid which contains proteinous macromolecules derived from blood-borne protein and necrotic material of brain tissue and neoplastic cells. The vacuolation may result in some oligodendroglial dysfunction in maintenance of myelin and probably be related with diffuse loss of myelin sheath in the longstanding brain edema secondary to neoplastic invasion. The vacuolated cells can be identified with light and electron microscopes in Epon-embedded sections of surgically removed tissue but not in paraffin sections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688939
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    Electronic Resource
    The target phenomenon in human muscle (1976)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 34 (1976), S. 329-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Muscle pathology ; Target muscle fibre ; Targetoid muscle fibre ; Histochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A large number of target fibres is observed in a muscle biopsy from a patient with an acute flaccid paraplegia of the lower limbs due to a polyneuroradiculopathy of unknown origin. With the electron microscope up to 4 structural zones are seen in the target fibers. The histochemical and ultrastructural observations in this case, suggest that the “target fibre” phenomenon is due to a disturbed trophic influence of the nervous system.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00696562
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  • 79
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    Purification, some properties and quaternary structure of thed-ribulose 1,5-diphosphate carboxylase ofAlcaligenes eutrophus (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 110 (1976), S. 157-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: d-Ribulose 1,5-diphosphate carboxylase ; Oxygenase activity ; Quaternary structure ; Electron microscopy ; Alcaligenes eutrophus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract d-Ribulose 1,5-diphosphate carboxylase has been purified from autotrophically grown cells of the facultative chemolithotrophic hydrogen bacteriumAlcaligenes eutrophus. The enzyme was homogeneous by the criteria of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight of the enzyme was 505000 determined by gel filtration and sucrose density gradient centrifugation, and a sedimentation coefficient of 18.2 S was obtained. It was demonstrated by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis that the enzyme consists of two types of subunits of molecular weight 52000 and 13000. Electron microscopy on the intact and the partially dissociated enzyme lead to the construction of a model for the quaternary structure of the enzyme which is composed of 8 large and 8 small subunits. The most probable symmetry of the enzyme molecule is 4:2:2. Michaelis constant (K m ) values for ribulose 1,5-diphosphate, Mg2-, and CO2 were 0.59 mM, 0.33 mM, and 0.066 mM measured under air. Oxygen was a competitive inhibitor with respect to CO2 suggesting that the enzyme also exhibits an oxygenase activity. The oxygenolytic cleavage of ribulose 1,5-diphosphate was shown and a 1:1 stoichiometry between oxygen consumption and 3-phosphoglycerate formation observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690223
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  • 80
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    Intracelluläre Organisation phagenschwanz-ähnlicher Bacteriocine der Gruppe A in Serratia marcescens (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 111 (1976), S. 175-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Serratia marcescens ; (Phage tail) bacteriocin ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Genese eines phagenschwanzähnlichen Bacteriocins in Zellen des Gruppe A-bacteriocinogenen (bA+) Serratia marcescens-Stammer Nr. 16 wurde nach Mitomycin C (MC) Induktion elektronenoptisch untersucht. Dieses Bacteriocin (Gesamtlänge 117 nm) besteht aus einem hohlen Stift mit kontraktiler Scheide. Nach 60 min Induktion wurden in Dünnschnitten stäbchenförmige Bacteriocine identifiziert. Sie erscheinen in drei Aggregationsformen: 1. als hexagonale Einschlüsse, 2. als Bänder dicht nebeneinanderliegender Bacteriocine und 3. als Stapel von übereinanderliegenden Bacteriocinschichten, wenn nach 120 min Induktion ein Maximum von ca. 450 Bacteriocinen pro Zelle erreicht wird. Bacteriocine konnten nach der gleichen Induktionszeit von 60 min auch mit der “in situ lysis technique” nachgewiesen werden. Neben Bacteriocinen traten relativ selten und unregelmäßig auch Phagenköpfe auf. Die Stäbchenform teilungsfähiger Zellen blieb bis zum Auftreten von intracellulären Bacteriocinen erhalten. Ihre Umwandlung in geblähte, sphäroplastenähnliche Zellformen, die nach 120 min Induktion lysierten, war zeitlich korreliert mit Feinstrukturveränderungen der Zellwand.
    Notes: Abstract The biosynthesis of a phage tail-like Bacteriocin by cells of the group A-bacteriocinogenic (bA+ Serratia marcescens strain no. 16 after induction with mitomycin C (MC) was examined electronmicroscopically. This bacteriocin (total length 117 nm) consists of a hollow core and a contractile sheath. At 60 min following induction, rod-like bacteriocin-partieles were identifiable in ultrathin sections. The particles were found to comprise three morphologically different forms of aggregation: 1. hexagonal inclusions, 2. contiguous, bank-like particles, and 3. staples of superimposed layers of bacteriocin particles. At 120 min after induction bA+ cells revealed maximally 450 bacteriocin particles. Similarly, the phage tail particles could be demonstrated with the “in situ lysis technique” at 60 min following induction. Occasionally, phage heads were demonstrable, but in no instance were complete phage particles discernible. Dividing cells of the bA+ strain of S. marcescens maintained their rod-form following induction with MC until intracellular phage tail bacteriocin particles were seen. However, at 120 min after induction, the swollen, sphaeroplast-like cells lysed, an event that could be correlated with fine structural alterations of the cell wall.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00446566
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  • 81
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    Penetration of Phytophthora cinnamomi into disease tolerant and susceptible eucalypts (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 108 (1976), S. 231-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Phytophthora ; Penetration ; Eucalypts ; Roots ; Electron microscopy ; Appressoria ; Plugs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The mechanisms of penetration of Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands into seedling eucalypt roots were studied by light and electron microscopy. Culture grown seedlings of root-rot tolerant Eucalyptus st johnii and root-rot susceptible Eucalyptus obliqua were inoculated with both zoospores and mycelium. Zoospores encysted on roots of both species and the germ tubes penetrated without the formation of appressoria. Swellings, previously described as appressoria, were formed when the germ tube was slow to enter the host by intracellular penetration. Vegetative hyphae penetrated both inter- and intracellularly into the zones of root elongation and differentiation, often through root hairs. Evidence of hydrolysis of the host cell-wall at the point of penetration was observed in electron micrographs. Several hours after the germ tube penetrated the epidermis, a thick plug of amorphous material formed in the germ tube slightly below the level of the outer walls of the epidermal cells, sealing off the hypha within the root. Behaviour of zoospores and germ tubes and the mechanism of penetration were similar on both hosts. Micrographs do not suggest any kind of a hypersensitive reaction by the host cells during the early stages of infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00454847
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  • 82
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    Physiology and fine structure of sporangiospore germination in Piptocephalis unispora prior to infection (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 107 (1976), S. 99-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Piptocephalis unispora ; Mucorales ; Kickxellaceae ; Electron microscopy ; Germination ; Spore swelling ; Sporangiospore
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Germination of the sporangiospore of Piptocephalis unispora Benjamin, observed by means of light and electron microscopy, involved the formation of a new inner wall which became continous with the inner layer of the wall of the germ tube. The outer wall layer of the germ tube was continous with the original inner wall layer of the dormant spore. Preliminary details of appressorium structure were noted. Nutritional experiments indicated that sporangiospores required external sources of utilisable nitrogen and carbon compounds for maximal swelling and germ tube production. Limited development occurred when either nutrient was supplied singly. Comparison of germination of the asexual spore with that in other Mucorales, especially the Kickxellaceae, has been made, and the merosporangial status in P. unispora discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427874
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  • 83
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    Microfilament bundles in antheridial nuclei of Achlya ambisexualis E 87 (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 107 (1976), S. 113-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Achlya ; Electron microscopy ; Nuclear microfilaments ; Antheridia ; Mycology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This is the first report of intranuclear microfilaments within gametangial nuclei of oömycetous fungi. Longitudinal sections of four to six microfilaments were frequently observed in meiotic antheridial nuclei of Achlya ambisexualis. Each microfilament measured approximately 7–10 nm in diameter. Spindle tubules (25 nm in diameter) were also observed within some of the nuclei possessing microfilaments.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427876
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  • 84
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    Structure and composition of intracytoplasmic membranes of Ectothiorhodospira mobilis (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 107 (1976), S. 167-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Ectothiorhodospira mobilis ; Photosynthetic membranes ; Electron microscopy ; Isolation of membranes ; Structure of membranes ; Composition of membranes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The lamellar membrane stacks of Ectothiorhodospira mobilis were isolated and purified by a combination of lysozyme and osmotic shock treatment, followed by differential and density gradient centrifugation. Preparations of lamellar membranes were enriched at least 2.4-fold in the ratio of bacteriochlorophyll a to protein. Thin-sectioning, negative staining, platinumcarbon shadowing and freeze-etching were used to study the architecture of the membrane units. Both platinum-carbon shadowing and freeze-etching showed the outer surfaces of the isolated lamellar membrane stacks to be relatively smooth. Particles averaging 7 nm in diameter were seen on several faces following freeze-ctching. Non-polar amino acids amounted to 60% of the total amino acid composition. Lipids constituted 32% of the membrane dry weight. Phosphatidyl ethanolamine and diphosphatidyl glycerol were the major phospholipids. Fatty acids of 10–15 carbons represented a small fraction of both membrane and whole cell fatty acids. Monoenes constituted 36% of the total membrane fatty acids and 38.4% of the total whole cell fatty acids. The major fatty acids of both whole cells and purified membranes were C16:0, C18:1 and cyclopropane C19:0.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00446836
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  • 85
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    Electron microscopy of isolated cell walls of Bacillus subtilis var. niger (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 109 (1976), S. 195-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Cell wall ; Peptidoglycan ; Electron microscopy ; Bacillus subtilis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Isolated cell walls of Bacillus subtilis have a striated appearance in the electron microscope. The structure persists when teichoic acids are removed. It is inferred that the structure bears on the arrangement of the peptidoglycan chains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425135
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  • 86
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    The fine structure of Micrococcus radiophilus and Micrococcus radioproteolyticus (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 107 (1976), S. 313-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Micrococcus radiophilus ; Micrococcus radioproteolyticus ; Bacterial cell walls ; Fine structure ; Electron microscopy ; Taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The radiation resistant bacteria Micrococcus radiophilus and M. radioproteolyticus were studied by thin sectioning and freeze-etching techniques and the two species were found to be similar in the fine structure. The only significant difference was in the appearance of the surfaces of the cell walls in freeze-etched preparations. Since the two species, together with M. radiodurans, possess a unique cell wall structure and a cell wall peptidoglycan, which is different from that of other micrococci and Gram-positive cocci, it is recommended that they be reclassified into a new genus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425346
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  • 87
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    Alterations in the cell wall of Spirillum serpens VHL early in its association with Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109D (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 108 (1976), S. 55-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Bdellovibrio ; Spirillum ; Cell wall ; Bdelloplast ; Lipoprotein ; Peptidoglycan ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In both freeze-etched and critical-point dried preparations examined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, respectively, the outer surfaces of the cells of Spirillum serpens VHL assume a wrinkled appearance 10–15 min after challenge by Bdellovibrion bacteriovorus 109D. This wrinkling effect is believed (on circumstantial evidence) to be caused by the bdellovibrio's disruption of the cell wall lipoprotein of the Spirillum. With the exception of those topological changes caused by wrinkling, the outer membrane of the Spirillum cell wall retains a normal appearance as viewed in freeze-etched preparations, even after the Spirillum cell has been converted into a bdelloplast. Although the peptidoglycan layer of the Spirillum cell presumably is weakened somewhat by the invading Bdellovibrio, evidence obtained from freeze-fractured preparations of Spirillum bdelloplasts suggests that the peptidoglycan remains as a discrete cell wall layer, even though the Spirillum cell wall apparently has lost much of its rigidity. That the peptidoglycan backbone remains essentially intact, even after the Spirillum cell has been entered by the Bdellovibrio, is supported by the observation that the soluble amino sugar content of the culture medium, as determined by chemical analysis, does not rise even 5.0 h after the association of the Bdellovibrio with the Spirillum has begun.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425093
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  • 88
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    The cytology of the gametes and fertilization of Allomyces macrogynus (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 109 (1976), S. 21-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Allomyces ; Gametes ; Fertilization ; Membrane fusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The gametes and the process of fertilization were examined by light and electron microscopy in the lower eukaryote Allomyces macrogynus. Differences in gamete morphology included the overall larger size and the presence of a larger nuclear apparatus, along with the association of a side-body complex and many more mitochondria in the female gamete. In this species of Allomyces, fertilization was initiated by contact and fusion of specialized regions of the gamete plasma membranes resulting in a binucleate fusion cell surrounded by plasma membrane contributed by both partners. Following plasmogamy, nuclear fusion was initiated by multiple nuclear membrane contacts between adjacent outer membranes. Following inner membrane fusion, small nucleoplasmic bridges were observed which presumably fused with one another and resulted in a single bridge which widened, forming the mature diploid nucleus. After karyogamy, fusion of the nuclear caps did not always occur and zygotes with and without fused caps were observed. Coalescence of the nucleoli completed the events of fertilization, forming a zygote with a single nuclear apparatus (sometimes with two caps) and two flagella. These observations are discussed in relation to fertilization mechanisms and compared to fertilization in other organisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425108
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  • 89
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural study of testis in testicular feminization (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 221 (1976), S. 277-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Endocrinology ; Pathology ; Testicular feminization ; Testis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Testicular tissue was investigated by electron microscopy in a case of testicular feminization. The seminiferous tubules were lined by spermatogonia and by Sertoli cells. Spermatocytic maturation was not observed. Leydig cells were numerous and contained well developed, abundant vesicular smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and large mitochondria with tubulovesicular cristae. Reinke crystalloids were absent. The ultrastructural findings were consistent with the assumption that Leydig cells were under adequate stimulation and were in a stage of active secretion. Hence, the results seem to indicate that testicular endocrine function was maintained in the studied case.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00667021
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  • 90
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of Lewy bodies in the stellate ganglion (1976)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 34 (1976), S. 183-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Lewy body ; Electron microscopy ; Parkinsonism ; Dense core vesicles ; Catecholamines ; Mitochondrial inclusions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The Lewy body, a characteristic nerve cell inclusion in idiopathic parkinsonism, was examined by electron microscopy in the stellate ganglion, obtained from 9 patients at autopsy. Three main forms of Lewy bodies or Lewy body-related structures were demonstrated: A. Rare filamentous Lewy bodies, similar to Lewy bodies in the central nervous system. B. Granular Lewy bodies in nerve cell processes. C. Abnormal nerve cell processes, filled with heterogenous material. Large dense core vesicles were prominent in the last 2 forms. None of these abnormalities were found in 2 control groups consisting of 9 parkinsonism cases without central nervous system Lewy bodies, and 17 cases without parkinsonism. The filamentous Lewy body (type A) was found in the perikaryon and was surrounded by neuromelanin, whereas the other forms (type B and C) were seen in nerve cell processes. Mitochondrial inclusions, present mainly, but not exclusively, in neuromelanin-containing cells, were not related to Lewy body formation or to parkinsonism.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688674
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  • 91
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    In vitro characteristics of a sacrococcygeal chordoma maintained in tissue and organ culture systems (1976)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 35 (1976), S. 13-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Chordoma ; Tissue and organ culture ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Explants of a human sacral chordoma were successfully maintained on collagen-coated coverslips, gelfoam sponge matrices, and Millipore filter platforms for up to 30 days. Tumor cells cultured on collagen-coated coverslips became increasingly vacuolated whereas those maintained in organ culture were entirely free of vacuoles after 22 days in vitro. A single basic tumor cell, small and polygonal with a large central spherical nucleus and abundant endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, was recognized. Vacuoles were formed as the result of the progressive expansion of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Coalescence of these vacuoles produced the physaliferous cell of light microscopy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688940
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  • 92
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    Electronic Resource
    Esthésioneurocytome olfactif (1976)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 35 (1976), S. 139-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Olfactory esthesioneurocytoma ; Neurosecretory granules ; Microtubules ; Dystrophic axons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary One case of malignant tumour of the left nasal cavity is reported in a woman 56 year old, affected by the disease 24 years. Numerous recurrences appeared and various histological diagnoses were performed. At the last surgery, the tumour invaded the ethmoïd and was a typical olfactory esthesio-neurocytoma. By electron microscopy, mature ganglion cells with dense cored vesicles (neurosecretory granules) were densely packed. Neuritic processes with microtubules were rarely normal in size and their content was most often abnormal; furthermore dystrophic axons were noted in great number.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690560
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  • 93
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    Light and electron microscopic investigations on a transplantable tumour of the rat, induced by transplacental administration of ENU (ethylnitrosourea) (1976)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 36 (1976), S. 177-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Neurinoma ; ENU ; Prenatal carcinogenesis ; Transplantability ; Metastases ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary With a single dose of 80 mg/kg ENU, a tumour originating from the trigeminal nerve was induced transplacentally in the offspring of a Sprague-Dawley rat. The neoplasm diagnosed as a neurinoma, was transplanted over 20 passages to 5 six-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats in each case. During this time, the biological behaviour of the tumour as well as its histological appearance were followed. Ultrastructural observations were made of the 20th passage. The tumour caused multiple metastases in the lung and in the lymph nodes of the neck in 30 animals. Recurrences were formed within a week, metastases of the lung appeared from then on in all cases. During the time of transplantation, the neurinoma dedifferentiated histologically so markedly that it was no longer possible to classify the neoplasm as a neurogenous tumour after 20 passages. Ultrastructurally, poorly differentiated Schwann cells could nervetheless be recognized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00685279
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  • 94
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    “PKU Bodies”: Characteristic inclusions in the brain in phenylketonuria (1976)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 36 (1976), S. 295-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: PKU bodies ; Demyelination ; Dysmyelination ; Neuroglia ; Inborn errors of metabolism ; Phenylketonuria ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of various inclusions within oligodendroglial cells in the brains from two phenylketonuric patients was studied. Characteristic lamellar, oval, slightly irregular inclusions measured between 0.5 and 2 micra in diameter and were bounded by a single membrane. The longitudinal and transverse lamellae of these inclusions had a distinct pattern. In analogy to lamellated but different inclusions of other diseases, these structures were termed “PKU bodies”. Various possibilities that would explain the morphogenesis of the PKU bodies and other inclusions in the oligodendroglial cells, and the significance of these findings, are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00699635
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  • 95
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    Morphological differences between the atrophied small muscle fibres in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Werdnig-Hoffmann disease (1976)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 34 (1976), S. 321-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Muscle fibres ; Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; Werdnig-Hoffmann disease ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Muscle biopsies from 5 cases of Werdnig-Hoffmann disease and 4 cases of ALS were investigated by histology and electronmicroscopy. The differences in morphology found in the atrophic muscle fibres in ALS and in W.H. diesease consisted mainly in the shape and structure of their cells and the number of the nuclei. Atrophic muscle fibres irregular in shape and size with degenerative changes and accumulated nuclei observed in ALS were markedly different from the picture of the fibres in W.H. disease. The presence of small muscle cells uniform diameter with well preserved architecture and single nuclei and numerous myotube-like cells seem to indicate a foetal defect in children with W.H. disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00696561
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  • 96
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    Renflement fusiforme d'origine mécanique d'un nerf périphérique. Étude anatomique (1976)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 35 (1976), S. 47-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Entrapment neuropathy ; Fusiform nerve enlargement ; Segmental demyelination ; Axonal changes ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This paper reports on the study of a symptomless fusiform enlargement of the superficial peroneal nerve. The swelling was located in the part of the nerve passing through the aponevrosis. On incision of the epineurium small swellings were seen in the nerve fascicles. A fascicular biopsy was done and the fascicles studied by teasing and by optic and electron microscopy. Isolated nerve fiber study gave evidence of segmental demyelinisation with subsequent remyelinisation in almost all the myelinated fibers. These abnormalities were only encountered in the swollen part of the fascicle. A striking proliferation of cells was demonstrated in isolated fibers by counter-staining with hematoxylin. Electron microscopy showed primary demyelinsation and cellular proliferation affecting Schwann-cells (without onion bulb formations), fibroblasts and giant-vacuolated histiocytes. There was also a massive increase of endoneurial fluid. A few Büngner bands were seen. These rare abnormalities appear to be caused by chronic irritation of the nerve in its passage through the aponebrosis.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688942
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  • 97
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    Electronic Resource
    Damage of skeletal muscle in rats by immunoglobulins (1976)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 34 (1976), S. 207-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Immunomyopathy ; Muscle disease ; Electron microscopy ; Experimental muscle pathology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An experimental model of the autoimmune process was developed to study the ultrastructural aspects of immunomyopathies. Every type of muscle fibre organelle was affected and the severity of injury increased in direct proportion to time following immunization. It is suggested that ultrastructural methods are useful in studies concerned with the analysis of structural aspects of experimental immunomyopathies.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688676
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  • 98
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    Development of onion bulb neuropathy in the Trembler mouse (1976)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 36 (1976), S. 137-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Trembler mouse ; Peripheral neuropathy ; Electron microscopy ; Morphometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The Trembler mouse is a neurological mutant showing dominant inheritance. The peripheral nerves show a delay in myelination, segmental demyelination and the development of an onion bulb neuropathy. Using electron microscopy a comparative morphometric study of nerve fibres in the sciatic nerve in normal and Trembler mice was made. The animals ranged in age from 3 days to adult. The following features were noted: 1. Mean axon diameters of the Trembler mice were smaller than normal at all ages. 2. Myelination was delayed and myelin was thinner than normal in the Trembler mice. 3. The ratio of myelin thickness to axon diameter was reduced in Trembler mice. 4. There were no significant quantitative or qualitative differences observed between middle and distal levels of Trembler nerves. The balance of evidence from these findings and the previous morphological studies is in keeping with the suggestion that the primary lesion resides in the Schwann cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00685276
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  • 99
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    Electronic Resource
    Sequence of morphological alterations in the nervous system of metachromatic leucodystrophy (1976)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 36 (1976), S. 369-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Leukodystrophy, metachromatic ; Prenatal diagnosis ; Sulphatide accumulation ; Myelination, central, peripheral ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Light and electronmicroscopic findings are reported in a case of metachromatic leukodystrophy diagnosed prenatally who died after iatrogenic abortion during the 23th week of gestation. The brain of this foetus was not yet myelinated while the spinal cord showed early, and the peripheral nerves advanced myelination. The onset and the degree of myelination were similar as in a normal foetus of the same age. Ultrastructurally there was evidence of sulphatide storage before the beginning of myelination. During myelination lysosomal storage material, staining metachromatically in acid cresyl violet preparations, appeared in oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells. Besides sulphatide storage material, prominent amounts of neutral lipids were found in oligodendrocytes. Myelin breakdown was encountered very seldom.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00699642
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  • 100
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    Electronic Resource
    Studies on experimental malignant nerve sheath tumors maintained in tissue and organ culture systems (1976)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 35 (1976), S. 27-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Experimental malignant Schwannomas ; Melanin and melanogenesis ; Tissue and organ culture ; Electron microscopy ; Pigmented nerve sheath tumors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Four melanin pigment-containing intracranial tumors were found in three Long-Evans rats in the course of experimental oncogenesis by transplacental ethylnitrosourea (ENU). One of them was a leptomeningeal melanoma. Aside from the presence of scattered melanin-pigmented cells, the other three had the typical histological features of ENU-induced malignant nerve sheath tumors. Two of the three tumors were studied by electron microscopy and in tissue and organ culture systems. One of them demonstrated progressive melanogenesis in vitro; the other failed to produce more melanin and showed increasing differentiation, with a Schwannoma-like pattern by light microscopy. Melanosomes and premelanosomes were identified in both tumors by electron microscopy; the other fine structural features were those of malignant Schwannomas. These observations are relevant to the controversy on the histogenesis of pigmented nerve sheath tumors occasionally encountered in man and on the relationship of these tumors to pigmented nevi. The findings in the present study support the view of Masson that neoplastic nerve sheath cells are capable of melanogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688941
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