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  • 1995-1999  (377)
  • 1995  (377)
  • Magnetic resonance imaging  (196)
  • Immunohistochemistry  (181)
  • Nuclear reactions
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical study of the colonic muscle and innervation in idiopathic chronic constipation (1995)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 38 (1995), S. 509-513 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Colon ; Innervation ; Nerves ; Muscle ; Immunohistochemistry ; Constipation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: This study was designed to investigate neural and muscular features of the colonic wall in patients with severe idiopathic constipation. METHODS: By using quantitative immunohistochemistry, resected specimens from 14 patients with idiopathic chronic constipation and 17 nonobstructed cancer controls were studied. RESULTS: Routine histology revealed no significant histologic abnormality throughout the colon apart from four cases of melanosis coli. Ratio of the thickness of circular to longitudinal muscle was significantly lower in the left colon in constipated subjects. The myenteric plexus appeared morphologically normal in all subjects. S-100 protein, which stains neuronal supporting tissues, demonstrated an increase in the proportion of neural tissue in the myenteric plexus. There was an increased number of PGP-9.5 immunoreactive nerve fibers in the muscularis propria in constipated patients, and this was significantly higher in the ascending and descending colon. CONCLUSION: Intractably constipated patients have alterations in the neural composition of the colonic myenteric plexus and innervation of the circular muscle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02148851
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    B72.3 Immunoreactivity in benign abdominal lymph nodes associated with gastrointestinal disease (1995)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 38 (1995), S. 983-987 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Monoclonal antibody ; B72.3 ; Tumor-associated glycoprotein ; Adenocarcinoma ; Colorectal cancer ; Immunohistochemistry ; Radioimmunoscintigraphy ; Radioimmunoguided surgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: Immunolocalization of the tumor-associated glycoprotein 72 antigen with the monoclonal antibody B72.3 has been used as a “cancer marker” in radioimmunoscintigraphy and radioimmunoguided surgery (RIGS). Radioimmunoscintigraphy and RIGS have been used to detect occult metastatic deposits from colorectal adenocarcinoma. It has been suggested that RIGS is superior to histologic examination in detecting lymph node metastases from colorectal cancer. To determine the specificity of immunodetection of the tumor-associated glycoprotein -72 antigen as a marker for metastatic adenocarcinoma, we studied benign intraabdominal lymph nodes with B72.3 and an immunohistochemical technique. METHODS: Formaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of 276 benign abdominal lymph nodes, resected with 35 cases of colonic adenocarcinoma and 33 cases of benign gastrointestinal disorders, were evaluated for B72.3 immunoreactivity using an avidin-biotin complex immunohistochemical technique. Lymph nodes from cases of colonic carcinoma were also studied with cytokeratin immunostaining to help eliminate occult micrometastases. RESULTS: B72.3 immunoreactivity was seen in the germinal centers of benign lymph nodes associated with 49 percent of the cases of colonic adenocarcinoma and 12 percent of the cases of benign gastrointestinal disease. CONCLUSIONS: B72.3 immunoreactivity can be seen in benign abdominal lymph nodes associated with gastrointestinal disease. We advise caution in the use of diagnostic techniques that equate B72.3 immunoreactivity with the presence of adenocarcinoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02049737
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical localization of carcinoembryonic antigen as a predictor of lymph node status in submucosa-invasive colorectal carcinoma (1995)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 38 (1995), S. 842-847 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Colorectal neoplasms ; Immunohistochemistry ; CEA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: Submucosa-invasive colorectal carcinoma is a colorectal carcinoma extending only into the submucosal layer. To clarify the metastatic potential of submucosa-invasive colorectal carcinoma, we studied the relationship between the immunohistochemical staining pattern of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and that of lymphatic invasion/ lymph node metastasis. METHODS: We investigated 49 submucosa-invasive colorectal carcinomas resected surgically or endoscopically. CEA distribution patterns of the neoplastic tissues were divided into three patterns: Pattern 1 = luminal type; Pattern 2 = apical cytoplasmic type; and Pattern 3 = diffuse cytoplasmic type. We also observed the submucosal stromal staining of CEA. RESULTS: Lymphatic invasion and lymph node metastasis were found in 48.8 percent (21/43) and 11.6 percent (5/43) of the Pattern 2/Pattern 3 cases, whereas these were seen in none (0/6) of Pattern 1 cases. Lymphatic invasion and lymph node metastasis were found in 63.3 percent (19/30) (chi-squared =21.94;P 〈0.001) and 16.7 percent (5/30) of the positive stromal CEA cases, whereas these were seen in 10.5 percent (2/19) and none (0/14) of the negative stromal CEA cases, respectively. CONCLUSION: Pattern 2/Pattern 3 and stromal CEA can be predictors of the lymph node metastasis with 11.6 percent and 16.7 percent risks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02049841
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heat shock protein 70 and HLA-DR molecules tissue expression (1995)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 38 (1995), S. 739-745 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Heat shock protein 70 ; HLA-DR ; Colorectal cancer ; Immunohistochemistry ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: The expression of 70,000-Da heat shock protein (HSP 70) and HLA-DR molecules on cancer cells influences immunologic mechanisms that may be of some prognostic significance. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among immunohistochemical HSP 70, HLA-DR expression, and clinicopathologic tumor variables, as well as patient survival in a series of 128 colorectal carcinomas. METHOD: A three-step immunoperoxidase staining technique was undertaken for detection of both markers. RESULTS: Of the examined carcinomas 77.3 percent were HSP 70-positive and 74.2 percent were HLA-DR-positive. Increased HSP 70-positive expression correlated significantly with low differentiation (P〈0.05), showed a tendency to characterize advanced stages of disease, and was clearly associated with worse overall survival (P〈0.05). The highest rate of HLA-DR positivity was demonstrated in early stages and was significantly associated with more favorable prognosis (P〈0.001). HSP 70-positive/HLA-DR-negative patients had worse overall survival compared with the rest (P〈0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The resulting opposite effects on prognosis of examined markers seem to be related to different pathophysiologic functional roles on tumor immunology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02048033
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical dynamics of leukotoxin (9.10-eooxv-12-octadecenoic acid) in lungs of rats (1995)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 107 (1995), S. 174-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Leukotoxin ; 9,10-epoxy-12-octadecenoic acid ; Immunohistochemistry ; Macrophages ; Leukotoxin ; 9,10-Epoxy-12octadecensdure ; Immunhistochemie ; Makrophagen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Dieser Artikel untersucht die immunhistochemische Dynamik von Leukotoxin (9,10-Epoxy-12-octadecensäure, LTx) in den Lungen von Ratten, die einer Hyperoxie mit oder ohne Paraquat ausgesetzt waren. Die Ratten wurden behandelt mit 100% Sauerstoff oder Umgebungsluft für 24, 48, 72 und 96 Stunden mit oder ohne Injektion einer niedrigen oder hohen Dose Paraquat (1,1′-Dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridium, PQ). Die Immunfärbung für LTx zeigte positive Reaktionen in den Neutrophilen. Diese zeigten eine zunehmende Verstärkung der Färbungsintensität in Abhängigkeit der Zeit in allen Gruppen mit Exposition von 100% Sauerstoff und in der Gruppe mit hoher Dose PQ, jedoch waren die positiven Befunde in der Gruppe mit Injektion nur niedriger Dose PQ schwach. Wir fanden die positive Immunfärbungsreaktion nicht nur in Neutrophilen, sondern auch in Alveolarmakrophagen. Dies zeigt, daß LTx sowohl von den Alveolarmakrophagen als auch von den Neutrophilen, abhängig von der Behandlungszeitdauer unter hyperoxischen Bedingungen, hergestellt wird, was dafür spricht, daß LTx ein wichtiger chemischer Mediator in Lungenerkrankungen ist.
    Notes: Abstract This paper investigates the immunohistochemical dynamics of leukotoxin (9,10-epoxy-12-octadecenoic acid, LTx) in the lungs of rats exposed to hyperoxia with or without paraquat. The rats were treated with 100% oxygen or ambient air for 24. 48, 72 and 96 h in the presence or absence of a low or high dose paraquat (1,1′-di-methyl-4,4′-bipyridinium, PQ) injection. Immunostaining for LTx demonstrated positive reactions in the neutrophils that showed a progressive increase in intensity of staining with time in all groups exposed to 100% oxygen and in the group with high dose PQ, but the positive findings were weak in the group injected with low dose PQ only. We found the positive immunostaining reaction not only in neutrophils but also in alveolar macrophages. This indicates that LTx is produced by alveolar macrophages as well as by neutrophils depending on the treatment period under hyperoxic conditions, suggesting that LTx is an important chemical mediator in pulmonary diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01428400
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic resonance imaging of cerebral fat embolism: A case report (1995)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 21 (1995), S. 679-681 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Fat embolism ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Fat embolism syndrome (FES) is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality following multiple fractures. Neurological involvement (cerebral fat embolism) has been reported frequently. A case of cerebral fat embolism is reported. While CT scan revealed no abnormalities, MRI, performed in this patient 8 days after trauma, showed relative lowintensity areas on T1-weighted images and high intensity areas on T2-weighted images involving cerebral white matter, corpus callosum and basal ganglia. MRI follow-up (1 and 3 months post-trauma) showed nearly complete resolution of the abnormal signal. MRI seems to be a useful diagnostic tool for detecting and quatifying lesions in fat embolism syndrome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01711549
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanism of bradykinin-induced cyclic GMP accumulation in bovine tracheal smooth muscle (1995)
    Springer
    Lung 173 (1995), S. 373-383 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1750
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; l-arginine ; Nitric oxide ; Nonadrenergic noncholinergic nerve
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Bradykinin (10−8-10−5M) caused a concentration-dependent increase in cyclic GMP (cGMP) production in bovine tracheal smooth muscle in the absence of epithelium. The effect was calcium-dependent and was inhibited by pyrogallol (10 μM) and methylene blue (10 μM). The inhibition of pyrogallol was reversed by superoxide dismutase (100 Usnowml). Nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitors, N G-methyl-l-arginine (10–100 μM) and N G-nitro-l-arginine (10–100 μM) reduced cGMP accumulation induced by bradykinin in a concentration-dependent fashion, and the inhibition was reversed by l-arginine. Immunohistochemistry with a specific antibody against neuronal NO synthase from rat cerebellum showed positive staining localized in some nerve fibers. Bradykinin-induced cGMP accumulation appears to be related to the release of NO, part of which is probably synthesized in nonadrenergic noncholinergic nerve in bovine trachea.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00172144
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peptidergic innervation of leg muscles of the cockroach, Periplaneta americana (L.), and a possible role in modulation of muscle contraction (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 176 (1995), S. 425-435 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: FaRPs ; FMRFamide Nervous system Skeletal muscle ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract FMRFamide-related peptides of insects are particularly important because of their possible function as neurohormones and neuromodulators on a wide variety of tissues. Part of this study was an investigation of the immunofluorescent staining of motor nerves which arise in the metathoracic ganglion, examined in wholemount using an antiserum that recognizes extended -RFamide peptides (generally recognized to be of the FMRFamide family). This antiserum revealed immunochemical staining of numerous cell bodies in the metathoracic ganglion and of axons in peripheral nerve 5, a large nerve which contains both motor and sensory fibres. Axons staining positive for FMRFamide-related peptides were traced in nerve 5 as far as the femur-tibia joint, and into the first (sensory-motor) and third (motor only) ramus of nerve 5. Reverse-phase HPLC with radioimmunoassay revealed a peak of FMRFamide-related peptide activity in nerve 5 that was coincident with a peak found when thoracic ganglia were processed in the same fashion. A physiological assay was devised to test the ability of various non-native peptides to alter the characteristics of contraction of skeletal muscles of the legs. Using neurally evoked contractions of coxal depressor muscles of the metathoracic leg it was determined that several non-native peptides could potentiate muscle contractions. The results of this study suggest that muscles of the legs receive innervation by identifiable, FMRFamide-related peptide-containing neurons and that the release of peptide(s) at the muscle may be yet another method of modulating the mechanics of muscle contraction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219067
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Octopaminergic neurons in the locust brain: morphological, biochemical and electrophysiological characterisation of potential modulators of the visual system (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 177 (1995), S. 611-625 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Cobalt staining ; Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ; Immunohistochemistry ; Insect ; Neuromodulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The two Protocerebral-Medulla 4 neurons (PM4a and b) in the locust brain have adjacent cell bodies in the medial deutocerebrum. They project through the posterior protocerebrum, forming limited arborisations en route, and enter the lobula and medulla of the ipsilateral optic lobe, where they form extensive, overlapping arborisations. The PM4a and b neurons are octopamine immunoreactive. Their octopamine content (approximately 25 pg per cell) is confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; each cell contains approximately 25 pg p-octopamine. Simultaneous intracellular recording from exposed PM4a and b cell bodies reveals that the two cells are physiologically indistinguishable. They receive multimodal sensory inputs. Tactile/mechanosensory stimuli to much of the animal's body and head, acoustic stimuli, and simple visual stimuli all give rise to e.p.s.p.s and action potentials in the PM4 cell body. Simultaneous recording from the cell body in the deutocerebrum and the axon in the lobula demonstrates that action potentials are predominantly initiated in the deutocerebrum and propagate centrifugally, towards the optic lobe. Occasionally, bright light flashes will initiate an action potential in the axon in the optic stalk, which probably propagates bidirectionally: centripetally to the cell body, and centrifugally into the optic lobe. The extensive arborisations in the lobula and medulla are therefore likely to be sites of octopamine release. Because PM4 neurons are octopaminergic, project to the optic lobe, and receive modalities of sensory input known to dishabituate the Descending Contralateral Movement Detector (DCMD) visual interneuron, it is proposed that PM4 neurons are neuromodulatory — mediating dishabituation or arousal of the visual system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00207190
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical analysis of markers for different macrophage phenotypes and their use for a forensic wound age estimation (1995)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 107 (1995), S. 197-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Macrophages ; Wound age ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Insgesamt wurden 117 vitale Hautwunden (Überlebenszeit wenige Sekunden bis 7 Monate), 20 postmortal gesetzte Verletzungen sowie Haut mit leichten bzw. fortgeschrittenen Fäulnisveränderungen untersucht und verschiedene Marker der Makrophagen-Differenzierung (27 E 10, RM 3/l, 25 F 9 und G 16/1) analysiert. Der „early stage inflammation marker” 27 E 10 färbte neben Makrophagen auch Monozyten und neutrophile Granulozyten, die innerhalb von Blutgefäßen bzw. in postmortal gesetzten Blutungen lokalisiert waren und liefert somit keine Informationen zum Wundalter, die über die Möglichkeiten des Routine-histologischen Nachweises von Makrophagen hinausgingen. Die von den Antikörpern RM 3/1 (intermediate stage inflammation marker) und 25 F 9 (late stage inflammation marker) erkannten Antigene wurden ausschließlich von Histiozyten und reaktiv eingewanderten Makrophagen exprimiert. Die morphometrische Analyse ergab positive Ergebnisse (definiert als ein mindestens zweifacher Anstieg der Zellzahl in zwei oder mehr Gesichtsfeldern verglichen mit der maximal feststellbaren Zahl an Histiozyten in unverletzter Haut) bei Verwendung der Antikörper RM 3/1 bzw. 25 F 9 frühestens 7 bzw. 11 Tage nach Wundsetzung. Ab 12 Tagen Wundalter reagierte der „chronic stage inflammation marker” G 16/1 erstmals positiv. Das Antigen ließ sich insgesamt allerdings in einem geringeren Prozentsatz der untersuchten Wunden darstellen. Vorteilhaft ist jedoch das Fehlen einer relevanten Expression durch Histiozyten, wodurch die Auswertung der Präparate erleichtert wird. Die entsprechenden Antigene lassen sich zudem in leicht - wenn auch in einer deutlich geringeren Färbeintensität -, aber nicht forgeschritten fäulnisveränderter Haut nachweisen, so daß deren immunhistochemische Darstellung gegebensfalls auch zur Beurteilung von länger überlebten Verletzungen an Leichen mit etwas fortgeschrittener Liegezeit herangezogen werden kann.
    Notes: Abstract A total of 117 vital skin wounds (post infliction intervals between a few seconds and 7 months), 20 postmortem wounds and skin specimens with beginning or advanced signs of putrefaction were investigated. Different markers for macrophage maturation (27 E 10, RM 3/1, 25 F 9, G 16/1) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The early stage inflammation marker 27 E 10 stained macrophages, but also monocytes and neutrophilic granulocytes localized in blood vessels or bleeding induced postmortem and therefore provided no further information for a forensic wound age estimation in comparison to the routine histological detection of macrophages. The antigens recognized by the RM 3/1- (intermediate stage inflammation marker) and 25 F 9-antibodies (late stage inflammation marker) were expressed exclusively by histiocytes and inflammatory cells that had migrated from the blood vessels as part of the acute inflammatory response associated with an intravital reaction. The morphometrical analysis revealed positive results (defined as at least a two-fold increase in number in 2 or more microscope fields when compared to the maximum value of histiocytes found in uninjured skin) for the RM 3/1- or 25 F 9-antibody earliest in wounds aged 7 or 11 days, respectively. Similarly to the 25 F 9-antibody, the chronic stage inflammation marker (G 16/1) reacted with a macrophage subpopulation first detectable 12 days after wounding but showed positive results in a comparably reduced percentage of cases. On the other hand, this marker did not stain a relevant number of resident macrophages thus facilitating the evaluation of the specimens. The markers 27 E 10, RM 3/1 and 25 F 9 are also useful for the evaluation of slightly - even though the staining intensity was considerably reduced - but not advanced putrefied skin. Therefore, the immunohistochemical analysis of the corresponding antigens can possibly contribute to an age estimation of wounds with advanced post infliction intervals obtained from corpses with longer - but limited - postmortem intervals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01428405
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histochemical and immunohistochemical studies of four proteins (S100-α protein, carbonic anhydrase III, enolase β-subunit, and creatine kinase M-subunit) in rhabdomyosarcoma (1995)
    Springer
    Pediatric surgery international 10 (1995), S. 247-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Keywords: Rhabdomyosarcoma ; Enzyme immunoassay ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Four proteins, the α-subunit of S100 protein (S100-α), carbonic anhydrase III (CA-III), the β-subunit of enolase (EN-β), and the M-subunit of creatine kinase (CK-M), are characteristic of skeletal muscle tissue or components. Histochemical studies of human skeletal muscle fibers have shown that S100-α and CA-III are localized in type 1 fibers, EN-β in type 2 fibers, and CK-M in both fibers. These four proteins were evaluated as markers for rhabdomyosarcoma by enzyme immunoassay and immunohistochemistry. Concentrations of EN-β and CK-M were significantly higher in rhabdomyosarcoma than in neuroblastoma or Wilms' tumor. Staining for S100-α and CA-III was limited to tumor cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm in most rhabdomyosarcomas. EN-β and CK-M staining was also found in several small, round and short, spindle-shaped tumor cells. S100-α, CA-III, EN-β, and CK-M were demonstrated immunohistochemically in 4 (27%), 7 (47%), 14 (93%), and 12 (80%) of 15 rhabdomyosarcomas, respectively. Our results indicate that EN-β is the most useful marker among the four proteins for diagnosing rhabdomyosarcoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00177171
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI appearances of the asymptomatic patellar tendon on gradient echo imaging (1995)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 24 (1995), S. 123-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Patellar tendon ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Gradient echo (GRE) sequence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Thickening of the patellar tendon and foci of increased signal intensity have been described as characteristic features of “jumper's knee” (chronic patellar tendinitis) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). It was our impression that such appearances may be seen in the patellar tendons of patients without symptoms referable to the anterior part of the knee when using gradient echo images. The appearances of the asymptomatic patellar tendon on three-dimensional gradient echo sequences were studied by retrospectively reviewing the images of 60 patients, none of whom had symptoms related to the anterior part of the knee. The anteroposterior width of the patellar tendon was measured at three levels (superior, middle and inferior) on the central sagittal image of a gradient echo sequence. The relative signal intensities at the same levels were recorded. In 97% of subjects the superior part of the tendon was wider than the midpoint, and in 97% the inferior part was wider than the midpoint. The range of widths was wide, and there was no significant difference between sexes. Focal increased signal intensity in the superior part was shown in 75%, and in the inferior part in 43%. The asymptomatic patellar tendon shows uniform thickness throughout most of its length, but there are focal expansions at the proximal and distal ends. It usually demonstrates low signal on MRI, but may contain foci of increased signal intensity at either or both ends when imaged on gradient-echo sequences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00198074
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distinctive radiological features of small hand joints in rheumatoid arthritis and seronegative spondyloarthritis demonstrated by contrast-enhanced (Gd-DTPA) magnetic resonance imaging (1995)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 24 (1995), S. 351-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Gd-DTPA ; Contrast medium enhancement ; Rheumatoid arthritis ; Seronegative spondyloarthritis ; Differential diagnosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A series of patients with clinically early inflammatory joint disease due to rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and Reiter's syndrome were examined by plain film radiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The spin echo T1-weighted precontrast, T2-weighted, and, especially, T1-weighted postcontrast images demonstrated distinct differences in the distribution of inflamatory changes, both within and adjacent to involved small hand joints. Two major subtypes of inflammatory arthritis were shown, thus providing a specific differential diagnosis between rheumatoid arthritis and some patients with seronegative spondyloarthritis. In particular, all the patients with Reiter's syndrome who were studied, and half of those with psoriatic arthritis, had a distinctive pattern of extra-articular disease involvement. The need for a new classification of clinical subsets in psoriatic arthritis has been recently suggested. The present findings suggest that magnetic resonance imaging could be useful in such a reclassification of seronegative spondyloarthritis, as well as offering considerable potential for a reappraisal of pathogenesis and therapy. In this series, it was also noted that juxta-articular osteoporosis on plain film did not correlate with bone marrow oedema on MRI. Hence the aetiology of this common radiographic finding also merits further consideration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00197064
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Juvenile spondyloarthropathies: clinical manifestations and medical imaging (1995)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 24 (1995), S. 399-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Spondyloarthropathy ; Juvenile ankylosing spondylitis ; Juvenile psoriatic arthritis ; Arthritis with IBD ; Reiter's syndrome ; Reactive arthritis ; Enthesitis ; Sacroiliitis ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The spondyloarthropathies comprise four distinct entities — ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, the arthritis associated with inflammatory bowel disease, and Reiter's syndrome and other related forms of reactive arthritis. Although these are distinct diseases, they have a number of clinical, radiologie, and genetic characteristics in common which permit them to be classified under the unifying term “spondyloarthropathy”. They are diseases of young adults, and when they present in patients under 16 years of age we refer to them as the “juvenile” spondyloarthropathies. They must be distinguished from juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, which is a totally separate entity; however the distinction may not always be obvious. Involvement of peripheral and sacroiliac joints commonly occurs in the juvenile spondyloarthropathies. The peripheral arthritis may be erosive and associated with bone apposition at the joint margins. Axial involvement is usually a late finding. Dactylitis and tenosynovitis are frequently present early on. Enthesitis, a highly specific feature, occurs much more often in the juvenile spondyloarthropathies than in the adult forms and it may be the only presenting feature. The plain radiograph is the primary and most important imaging modality for the assessment of these diseases. However, an expanding role of magnetic resonance imaging is evident.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00941234
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cat scratch disease: magnetic resonance imaging findings (1995)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 24 (1995), S. 437-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Cat scratch disease ; Infectious lymphaden ; opathy ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cat scratch disease is an infectious lymphadenitis frequently occurring in children and adolescents. We present the magnetic resonance imaging findings of two patients with this disease. In both cases, lymphadenopathy was characterized by extensive stranding of the surrounding soft tissues, consistent with the inflammatory nature of this condition. Magnetic resonance imaging can be diagnostic and may obviate the need for invasive means of evaluation in patients suspected of having cat scratch disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00941241
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diagnosis of popliteus injuries with MR imaging (1995)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 24 (1995), S. 511-514 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Injuries ; Tendons ; Muscles ; Popliteus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective. Popliteal muscle and tendon injuries are thought to be unusual. This report describes the magnetic resonance (MR) appearances of popliteus muscle and tendon injuries. Design and patients. The study included 24 patients where the diagnoses of popliteal injuries were prospectively made based on MR appearances. The study group was taken from 2412 consecutive knee MRIs. The injuries were characterized as to involving the muscular or tendinous portions of the popliteus apparatus. Results. In 95.8% (23/24) of patients, the tears of the popliteus involved the muscular portion. The injuries were either partial and interstitial or complete. Three patients had tears of both the muscular and tendinous portions or the tendon alone. The anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments were torn in 16.7% (4/24) and 29.2% (7/24) of patients, respectively. There were medial and lateral meniscal tears in 45.8% (11/24) and 25% (6/24) of patients, respectively. There were injuries of the medial and lateral collateral ligaments in 8.3% (2/24) and 4.2% (1/24) of patients, respectively. Bone bruises and/or fractures were seen in 33.3% (8/24) patients. In 8.3% (2/24) of patients, the popliteus injury was an isolated finding. Conclusion. Popliteus muscle and tendon injuries are not uncommon. They usually occur in conjunction with other significant injuries of the knee and can be characterized with MR imaging.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00202148
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MR imaging of a meniscal ossicle (1995)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 24 (1995), S. 543-545 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Meniscus ; Meniscal ossicle ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report the MR appearance of a meniscal ossicle, which is an unusual etiology for knee pain. The role of MR in differentiating a meniscal ossicle from a loose body is presented. The MR images also demonstrated associated tibial cartilage thinning and a possible meniscal tear. These MR findings led to arthroscopic treatment rather than conservative management. A review of the literature on meniscal ossicles is also presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00202157
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synovial hemangioma of the knee: MRI findings in two cases (1995)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 24 (1995), S. 579-581 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Knee ; Synovial hemangioma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The findings in two patients with histologically proven synovial hemangioma of the knee are described. Both cases emphasize the typical appearance of this unusual tumor on magnetic resonance imaging. Additional radiologic findings, such as adjacent osseous involvement, are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00204855
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic resonance imaging of hereditary hernias of the peroneus longus muscle (1995)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 24 (1995), S. 601-604 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Muscle hernias ; Peroneus longus ; Fascial defects ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Herniation of the left peroneus longus muscle was present in three male members of the same family, being the first reported case of this condition in a familial setting. The hernias were differentiated from other mass lesions and varices by magnetic resonance imaging. The images demonstrated a fascial defect originating in the area where vessels and nerves penetrate the fascia, suggesting that the three men had a congenital weakness in the fascia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00204860
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synovial hemangioma: imaging features in eight histologically proven cases, review of the literature, and differential diagnosis (1995)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 24 (1995), S. 583-590 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Vascular lesions ; Hemangioma ; Synovial hemangioma ; Soft tissue tumors ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective This study was undertaken to describe the imaging characteristics of synovial hemangioma, with the goal of improving the disappointing rate (22%) of clinical diagnosis of this condition. A review of the literature and the differential diagnosis of intra-articular lesions, including synovial osteochondromatosis and pigmented villonodular synovitis, are also presented. Patients The subjects of the study were 8 patients (4 males, 4 females; age range: 5–47 years; mean age: 19 years) with histologically confirmed synovial hemangioma involving the knee (n=7) or wrist (n=1). We retrospectively examined the imaging studies performed in these patients, including plain radiography (n=8), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; n=4), angiography (n=3), arthrography (n=2), and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT; n=2). Results Plain radiographs showed a soft tissue density suggesting either joint effusion or a mass in all patients. Phleboliths and bone erosions on plain films in four patients with extra-articular soft tissue involvement pointed to the correct diagnosis. Angiography, showing fine-caliber, smooth-walled vessels, contrast pooling in dilated vascular spaces, and early visualization of venous structures, was diagnostic in two patients. Neither arthrography nor CT yielded specific enough findings. MRI was consistently effective in allowing the correct diagnosis to be made preoperatively, showing an intra-articular or juxta-articular mass of intermediate signal intensity on T1-weighted images and of high signal intensity on T2or T2*-weighted images with low-signal channels or septa within it. A fluid-fluid level was found in two patients with a cavernous-type lesion. Conclusion Despite the limited nature of this study, it shows clearly that MRI is the procedure of choice whenever an intra-articular vascular lesion such as synovial hemangioma is suspected. Nonetheless, phleboliths and evidence of extra-articular extension on plain radiographs point to angiography as an effective procedure of first resort because it can be combined with embolotherapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00204857
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Visualisation of subchondral erosion in rat monoarticular arthritis by magnetic resonance imaging (1995)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 24 (1995), S. 341-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Arthritis ; Rat ; Knee ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Radiography ; Histology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to investigate antigen-induced monoarticular arthritis (AIMA) in the rat. In sagittal, spin-echo images of the knee, characteristic parallel bands, in the order dark-light-dark, were consistently observed 5–8 days after arthritis induction; the bands ran concentric with, and just beneath, the femoral and tibial articular surfaces. Concurrent radiology, histology and MRI (chemical shift-selective imaging and contrast enhancement with magnetisation transfer and gadolinium) established that the phenomenon reflected subchondral erosion, not artefact. The outer hypointense band corresponded to calcified cartilage underlying the articular surface. The central hyperintense band reflected inflammatory matrix displacing normal haematopoietic tissue immediately subchondrally; here, trabecular bone had mostly disappeared, but adjacent articular cartilage, although under attack and lacking proteoglycan, appeared structurally normal. The inner hypointense band reflected deeper, truncated trabeculae within inflammatory matrix, layered with pallisading osteoblast-like cells. This study exemplifies the power of MRI for revealing localised joint pathology non-invasively, and shows that rat AIMA shares many pathological features with arthritis in human beings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00197062
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gadopentetate-dimeglumine-enhanced MR imaging of osteonecrosis and osteochondritis dissecans of the elbow: initial experience (1995)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 24 (1995), S. 17-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Elbow ; Osteonecrosis ; Osteochondritis dissecans ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Gadopentetate dimeglumine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on seven patients with aseptic osteonecrosis (n=4) and osteochondritis dissecans (OCD;n=3) of the elbow. Precontrast MRI was superior to plain radiographs, which did not show any abnormality in three cases of osteonecrosis. On gadopentetate-dimeglumine-enhanced T1-weighted images, which were obtained in three patients with osteonecrosis and three patients with OCD, all cases of osteonecrosis demonstrated homogeneous enhancement of the lesions. All cases of OCD were diagnosed on plain radiographs. On MRI one showed significant enhancement of the loose body. In another case an incompletely enhancing loose body was surrounded by a diffusely enhancing region. In the third patient only a small marginal enhancement of the defect was observed. Our results suggest that MRI can improve the accuracy in diagnosis of aseptic osteonecrosis of the elbow. The use of gadopentetate dimeglumine allows the viability of the lesions or the loose bodies to be demonstrated and reparative tissue to be detected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02425939
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic resonance imaging of intraosseous lipomas: a radiologic-pathologic correlation (1995)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 24 (1995), S. 37-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Intraosseous lipoma ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Four patients with intraosseous lipomas were studied with magnetic resonance imaging. The imaging features and histology of each tumor were compared. Magnetic resonance imaging was very helpful in establishing a pathologic diagnosis. If a severe degree of involution was present, then the magnetic resonance findings could be ambiguous, making diagnosis more difficult.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02425945
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical analysis of p53 protein and 72 kDa heat shock protein (HSP72) expression in ovarian carcinomas (1995)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 425 (1995), S. 603-609 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Ovarian carcinoma ; p53 ; Sex steroid receptor ; Immunohistochemistry ; Heat shock protein 72
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Mutations of the tumour suppressor p53 gene have been reported in a variety of human malignant tumours, and are frequently associated with overexpression of p53 protein. To examine the significance of p53 gene alteration in malignant epithelial tumours of the ovary, we studied the immunohistochemical reactivity with a monoclonal antibody against p53 (PAb 1801) in 6 ovarian tumours of low malignant potential (LMP) and 32 ovarian carcinomas. The existence of any correlation of p53 overexpression with the clinicopathological features and with the immunohistochemical expression of 72 kDa heat shock protein (HSP72) and sex steroid receptors (oestrogen receptors; ER, progesterone receptors; PR) was also analysed. Expression of p53 was found in 2 of the 6 (33.3%) LMP tumours and in 15 of the 32 (46.9%) carcinomas. Strong expression of HSP72 was observed in 11 of the 17 (64.7%) p53-positive tumours, but only in 2 of the 21 (9.5%) p53-negative ones. Histologically, p53-positivity was observed in 7 of the 10 (70%) serous carcinomas, 4 of the 6 (66.7%) mucinous, 4 of the 10 (40%) endometrioid, and none of the 4 clear cell and 2 transitional cell carcinomas. Distribution of p53-positive cells in the tumour sections was homogenous in serous tumours, but heterogenous in mucinous lesions. All of the 4 carcinomas arising in endometriotic cysts were p53-negative. These differences support the thesis of heterogeneity in ovarian carcinogenesis. There was an inverse relationship between p53-positivity and sex steroid receptor status for ovarian carcinomas; 14 of the 15 p53-positive carcinomas were negative for both ER and PR, whereas 11 of the 17 p53-negative carcinomas were positive for ER and/or PR (P〈0.01).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00199350
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The expression of placental-type glutathione S-tranferase (GST-π) in human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and normal human skin (1995)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 425 (1995), S. 589-592 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Placental-type glutathione S-transferase ; Human skin ; Squamous cell carcinoma ; Northern blotting ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The expression of human placental-type glutathione S-transferase (GST-π) was investigated in human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and normal skin using Northern blot and immunohistochemical analysis. In Northern blot examination, the expression of GST-π transcript was recognized in all instances, and SCC showed a significantly higher expression of GST-π than normal skin. In immunohistochemical examination, GST-π was stained well in the cytoplasm of all cells of the stratum granulosum, many cells of the stratum spinosum and a few cells of the stratum basale in normal skin. Some cells of the stratum spinosum and almost all cells of the stratum basale showed only a weakly positive or almost negative reaction for GST-π. No nuclear staining of GST-π was obvious in normal epidermal cells. In SCC, many cells showed strong positivity for GST-π in the cytoplasm, and some were obviously accompanied by nuclear staining of GST-π. These findings suggest that GST-π exists mainly in many cells in the upper layers of the normal epidermis and that GST-π is involved in the process of carcinogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00199348
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of the glycolipid globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) in testicular carcinoma in situ (1995)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 426 (1995), S. 369-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Testicular neoplasms ; Testicular carcinoma in situ (CIS) ; Globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Changes in the cell membrane glycolipid composition and metabolism are frequently associated with carcinogenesis. The accumulation of globo-series glycolipids is the most notable change of the germ cell glycolipid composition observed in testicular tumours. In this study, the expression of the globo-series core-structure, globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) was investigated in the preinvasive stage of testicular germ cell tumours, carcinoma in situ (CIS). Seventeen tissue specimens with CIS and 12 samples of overt testicular tumours were immunostained with anti-Gb3 monoclonal antibody 38-13. The accumulation of Gb3 was detected in 12 CIS samples (70.6%) and in 8 invasive tumour samples (66.7%), including seminoma, non-seminoma and a combined germ cell tumour. Our findings indicate that the composition of glycolipids shift at the common preinvasive stage of testicular germ cell tumours and confirm that Gb3 is a tumour-associated antigen of testicular germ cell neoplasia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00191346
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical distribution of chromogranins A and B and secretogranin II in neuroendocrine tumours of the gastrointestinal tract (1995)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 426 (1995), S. 361-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Chromogranin A ; Chromogranin B ; Secretogranin II ; Secretoneurin ; Neuroendocrine tumours ; Gastrointestinal tract ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate immunohistochemically the distribution of chromogranin A, chromogranin B, and secretogranin II in a series of 152 neuroendocrine tumours of the gastrointestinal tract. Tumour tissues from 25 argyrophil gastric carcinoids, 18 gastrin and 5 somatostatin-producing tumours, 4 ‘gangliocytic paragangliomas’, 49 classical argentaffin and 2 L cell appendiceal carcinoids, 27 classical ileal carcinoids, 17 rectal carcinoids, and 5 poorly differentiated neuroendocrine tumours of the stomach and rectum were immunostained with antibodies against chromogranin A, chromogranin B, and secretogranin II. Chromogranin A was the major granin expressed in gastric carcinoids and in serotonin-producing carcinoids of the appendix and the ileum. In contrast, strong chromogranin B and secretogranin II immunoreactivity was found in rectal carcinoids, in which chromogranin A was rarely expressed. Since chromogranin A is a widely used marker for neuroendocrine differentiation, it is of diagnostic importance that some gastrin-producing tumours, ‘gangliocytic paragangliomas’, poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas, and appendiceal L cell carcinoids completely lacked chromogranin A positivity. It is concluded that the various neuroendocrine tumours of the gastrointestinal tract show distinctly different patterns of granin expression, probably reflecting their histogenetical origin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00191345
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Frequency and spectrum of p53 mutations in gastric cancer — a molecular genetic and immunohistochemical study (1995)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 426 (1995), S. 447-455 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Gastric cancer ; p53 tumour-suppressor gene ; Mutation spectrum ; Dietary mutagens ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The p53 tumour-suppressor gene plays an important role in gastric carcinogenesis. In an analysis of the spectrum of mutations of the p53 gene seen in 56 primary gastric carcinomas of various types and grades of differentiation, the entire coding sequence (exons 2–11) of the p53 gene was screened by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis and direct genomic sequencing of polymerase chain reaction products. Intragenic restriction site polymorphisms and the probe YNZ22 were used for the detection of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the p53 gene locus on chromosome 17p. p53 overexpression was studied with the anti-p53 antibody CM-1. A total of 21 somatic alterations of the p53 gene were found. Twenty were base-pair substitutions, and one was an eight base-pair deletion. Six tumours with p53 mutations revealed LOH. Abnormalities in p53 expression were found in 17 tumour samples, of which 16 had gene mutations. The spectrum of mutations observed was consistent with the predicted spectrum for dietary mutagens associated with the metabolism of nitrogenous compounds, resulting in deamination of nucleic acids. Our findings suggest that p53 could be a primary target for mutations associated with dietary carcinogens in gastric carcinogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00193167
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunophenotypic features of uterine stromal cells (1995)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 426 (1995), S. 457-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Endocervix ; Uterine stromal tissues
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract CD34 is a myeloid progenitor cell antigen present in endothelial cells and some other mesenchymal cells, including perivascular and periadnexal dermal fibroblasts. It was evaluated immunohistochemically in uterine stromal tissue and in 4 aggressive angiomyxomas and 6 endometrial stromal sarcomas with potentially related and similar stromal tissues. The stromal cells in normal endocervix and endocervical polyps were strongly CD34 positive irrespective of the cycle phase, and negative for muscle actins. Ectocervical stroma was variably but generally less CD34 reactive. In the endometrium, the CD34 reactivity was limited to the stromal cells of the basal endometrium and was found only in 4 of 20 from proliferative endometria and 1 of 8 from secretory endometria. The uterine cervical and myometrial smooth muscle tissues showed CD34 positive cells only between the muscle bundles and around the vessels. In pelvic aggressive angiomyxomas and endometrial stromal sarcomas the tumour cells were CD34 negative and only the vascular endothelial cells were positive. Endothelial cell-specific antigen, CD31, was identified only in endothelial cells and was not present in the endocervical stroma. These results illustrate the particular immunohistochemical profile of endocervical stromal tissue, namely the strong CD34 expression. The CD34 reactivity of the endocervical tissues should be noted and not confused with neoplasms known to be strongly CD34 positive, such as angiosarcomas, Kaposi's sarcomas and some other spindle cell sarcomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00193168
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prognostic evaluation of oestrogen-regulated protein immunoreactivity in ductal invasive (NOS) breast cancer (1995)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 427 (1995), S. 33-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Cathepsin D ; pS2 ; Heat shock protein 27 ; Immunohistochemistry ; Breast cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Determination of steroid receptors and several oestrogen-regulated proteins in mammary carcinomas is useful in the prediction of their evolution and of the likely success of endocrine therapy. Cathepsin D (Cat D), pS2 peptide and heat shock protein 27 (Hsp 27) were detected immunohistochemically in 63 infiltrating ductal (NOS) breast carcinomas, and our results were qualitatively correlated with several clinicopathological indicators and patients' overall survival. Cat D immunostaining of tumour cells was strongly associated with axillary nodal involvement (P f=0.0005) and so, it is directly connected with the metastatic capacity of malignant cells. pS2 immunoreactivity was correlated with oestrogen and progesterone receptor positivity (P f=0.0009 and P f=0.05 respectively) and, nonsignificantly, with good differentiation of the tumours (P f=0.06). Neoplastic cells expressing this protein are therefore characterised by a highly organised state of cellular physiology. Hsp 27 was expressed predominantly in tumours with one to four infiltrated lymph nodes (P t=0.05), and Hsp 27-positive patients were inclined to rather short survival, possibly due to chemotherapy resistance. In future, prognostic estimation of each one of the examined markers should be performed in specific large subgroups of patients. The findings of this study contribute to the establishment of criteria by which these subgroups should be formed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00203735
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Myolipoma of the round ligament: report of a case with a review of the English literature (1995)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 427 (1995), S. 455-458 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Myolipoma ; Soft tissue ; Round ligament ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Tumours consisting of a mixture of mature adipose and smooth muscle tissues, including those designated lipoleiomyomas, fibrolipoleiomyomas and myolipomas, are exceedingly rare, but most often occur in the uterine corpus. We describe here a case of such a tumour arising in the right round ligament of a 44-year-old woman. The tumour, which measured approximately 20×15×10 cm, was well encapsulated and did not involve the intrapelvic organs. Intricate mixtures of adult adipose tissue and bland smooth muscle exhibited no cellular atypia or nuclear mitotic figures, and there was little vascular proliferation. We diagnosed the lesion as a myolipoma of soft tissue with dual differentiation, and have found only 13 cases of this tumour including our own in the English literature. The present tumour is the first reported in the round ligament. Although this tumour is rare, its recognition is important for the avoidance of erroneous diagnoses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00199397
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The bcl-2/JH gene rearrangement is undetectable in Hodgkin's lymphomas: results from the German Hodgkin trial (1995)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 426 (1995), S. 37-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Lymphoma ; Hodgkin's disease ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Immunohistochemistry ; Histological classification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Ninety-one Hodgkin's lymphomas (HD), 52 non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) and 33 specimens of non-neoplastic lymphatic tissues were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of the bcl-2/JH gene rearrangement. The majority of the HD cases were drawn from the files of the German Hodgkin trial where diagnoses are established by a panel of four independent histopathologists. Using the very sensitive PCR method which detected 1 positive among 10000 negative cells, the bcl-2/JH gene rearrangement was found in 7/52 NHL and 3/16 tonsils with follicular hyperplasia, but in none of the 91 HD. The bcl-2 protein, however, was expressed by malignant cells of B and T cell lymphomas and by the giant tumour cells in 2/13 HD lymphocyte predominant, 11/28 HD nodular sclerosing I, 14/17 HD nodular sclerosing II, 10/27 HD mixed cellularity and 3/3 HD lymphocyte depleted. The bcl-2/JH rearrangement is thus independent of protein over-expression, the latter being found in all types of lymphomas. Our results do not confirm the findings of others who have detected the bcl-2/JH rearrangement in HD. These discrepancies may be explained by differences in choice of material, the gene rearrangement actually occuring in bystander cells but not in Reed-Sternberg or Hodgkin cells, or by contamination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00194696
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  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential expression of β1, β3 and β4 integrins in sarcomas of the small, round, blue cell category (1995)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 426 (1995), S. 19-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Small round blue cell sarcomas ; Integrins ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Integrins are a large and complex family of membrane spanning αβ heterodimeric cell surface glycoproteins mediating cell/cell and cell/matrix interactions. Small, round, blue cell sarcomas (SRBCS) are a group of poorly differentiated tumours of various and in part uncertain histogenesis displaying similar cytomorphology. Among them are rhabdomyosarcomas (RMS), ganglioneuroblastomas [(G)NB], primitive peripheral neuroectodermal tumours (pPNET) and Ewing's sarcomas (ES). Thirty-two SRBCS were studied immunohistochemically for the distribution of β1, β3 and β4 integrins in situ. We found complex and to some extent differential patterns of β1, β3 and β4 integrin subunit expression in different types of SRBCS: all of the sarcomas studied were consistently β1+, β4−, α2−. Four of nine RMS were completely negative for all other integrin subunits studied while one RMS was α5+ throughout and three RMS were focally α5+. Three RMS expressed the α6 and αv chains. In contrast to RMS, pPNET and ES, all of which were α1−, α3−, (G)NB were α3+ and frequently co-expressed α1. The eight pPNET and seven ES studied showed a similarily restricted integrin profile that was limited to the expression of β1 and α5 in nearly all cases. In summary, RMS were β1+, α1−, α3− and heterogeneously expressed α5 and α6. (G)NB were generally β1+, α1+, α3+, α5−, α6−. pPNET and ES were β1+, α1−, α3−, α5+, α6−. The data illustrate a complex expression pattern of various integrins in SRBCS, a differential expression pattern of some of the integrin subunits among different types of SRBCS and almost identical integrin profiles in pPNET and ES.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00194694
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  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light-microscopic study of phosphoprotein B-50 in myopathies (1995)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 426 (1995), S. 69-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Phosphoprotein B-50 (growth-associated protein GAP-43) ; N-CAM ; Vimentin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Human skeletal muscle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The growth-associated protein B-50, also termed GAP-43, is a membrane-bound phosphoprotein that is expressed in neurons. It is particularly abundant during periods of axonal outgrowth in development and regeneration of the central and peripheral nervous system. In this paper we study the expression of B-50 in inflammatory and dystrophic myopathies. To investigate the state of regeneration, N-CAM and vimentin serial sections were performed, because N-CAM and cytoskeletal protein vimentin are excellent markers for regenerating muscle. Light-microscopic evaluation showed that muscle fiber regeneration in myopathies corresponds closely to B-50 immunoreactivity in satellite cells, myoblasts, myotubes and small regenerating myocytes in cytoplasmatic distribution. In normal muscle and in biopsies of neurogenic muscular atrophy, however, no light-microscopically demonstrable B-50 staining was found. B-50 in muscles apparently plays a role in the growth morphology of regenerating myocytes, and the phosphoprotein B-50 can no longer be regarded as a neuron-specific molecule.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00194700
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  • 35
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    Sequential changes in human Ito cells and their relation to postnecrotic liver fibrosis in massive and submassive hepatic necrosis (1995)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 426 (1995), S. 95-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Ito cell ; Fulminant hepatitis ; Postnecrotic fibrosis ; α-Smooth muscle actin ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To examine the relationship of Ito cells to postnecrotic liver fibrosis, liver specimens, obtained at autopsy from 17 patients with acute massive necrosis (AMN) and acute submassive hepatic necrosis (ASMN), were examined immunohistochemically. In normal adult livers, Ito cells positive for α-smooth muscle actin isoform (ASMA) were rarely seen, scattered along hepatic sinusoids. In contrast, in AMN the Ito cells in necrotic areas became strongly positive for ASMA. They were swollen with elongated cytoplasmic processes along collapsed sinusoidal walls. Around these ASMA-positive Ito cells, there were numerous infiltrated macrophages and lymphocytes present. There was no significant alteration of fibroblasts in the portal tracts. In the middle and late stages of ASMN, the spindle-shaped ASMA-positive Ito cells formed a continuous cellular network. New fibre formation was predominantly around them. In this immediate postnecrotic fibrosis, ASMA-positive stromal cells of Ito cell origin were distributed irregularly and were closely associated with reticulin and newly-formed collagen fibres. Regenerative nodules were surrounded by dense layers of ASMA-positive stromal cells. Throughout the stages of ASMN, portal fibroblasts remained negative for ASMA. We believe that Ito cells in necrotic areas show myofibroblastic transformation and play a central role in the postnecrotic liver fibrosis. Portal fibroblasts play no significant part in this type of fibrosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00194703
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  • 36
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    Immunohistochemical localization of cytochrome P450 2E1 in human pulmonary carcinoma and normal bronchial tissue (1995)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 426 (1995), S. 243-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: CYP2E1 ; Immunohistochemistry ; Pulmonary carcinoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) is a major xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme but data concerning its extrahepatic expression are few. CYP2E1 can metabolically activate many procarcinogens and therefore its presence in the lung might play a role in bioactivation of procarcinogens, so we studied the expression and localization of CYP2E1 in primary pulmonary carcinomas and surrounding normal bronchial tissue from 28 patients. Seromucous glands showed expression of CYP2E1 in 19 and bronchial epithelium in 18 of the 28 samples of normal bronchial tissue. Thirteen of the corresponding cases of primary pulmonary carcinoma showed staining for CYP2E1. In 11 of these 13 cases, CYP2E1 was also present in normal bronchial tissue. There was no statistically significant difference in the expression of CYP2E1 between adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas. No association was observed between the expression of CYP2E1 in tumour tissue and normal bronchial tissue. However, there was a significant correlation between the expression of CYP2E1 in seromucous glands and bronchial epithelium (r=0.61, P〈0.01) of normal tissue. We conclude that CYP2E1 can be present in both normal and neoplastic bronchial tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00191361
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  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Von Hippel-Lindau disease presenting as pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour (1995)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 426 (1995), S. 523-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Von Hippel-Lindau disease ; Neuroendocrine tumour ; Electron microscopy ; Flow cytometry ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 21-year-old woman with a family history of von Hippel-Lindau disease presented with a mass in the head of the pancreas. Light microscopic features of the tumour suggested neuroendocrine differentiation and although it displayed positive immunostaining for the antigens expected in a neuroendocrine neoplasm, S-100 staining was also present. This unusual feature prompted further evaluation by routine and post-embedding protein-A gold immunoelectron microscopy, which demonstrated the presence of neuroendocrine granules. Tumour cell DNA content was normal by flow cytometry. Although this patient exhibited no other signs of von Hippel-Lindau disease, the presence of a pancreatic tumour with neuroendocrine differentiation demonstrated that she was affected. Future surveillance and genetic counselling will be influenced by this diagnosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00193177
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  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical features of the human retina and retinoblastoma (1995)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 426 (1995), S. 571-575 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Retinoblastoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rb protein ; p53
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The immunohistochemical features of 24 retinoblastoma specimens from 22 patients, 15 with unilateral and 7 with bilateral disease, were examined by the labelled streptavidin biotin (LSAB) method and compared with those of specimens from the remaining morphologically normal retina. In the normal retina, S-100 protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin were detected in astrocytes and/or Müller cells. Neurofilament protein was seen in axons of the ganglion cells, synaptophysin was present in both plexiform layers, bcl-2 oncoprotein was seen in ganglion cells and bipolar cells, and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) was detected in ganglion cells, bipolar cells and photoreceptor cells and in their cell processes. While retinoblastoma (Rb) protein expression was noted in ganglion cells, bipolar cells, and some photoreceptor cells, p53 protein was not expressed at all. In all retinoblastomas, strong NSE expression and weak bcl-2 expression was observed in almost all tumour cells and synaptophysin was localized in rosette-forming cells, while tumour cells were devoid of S-100, GFAP, vimentin and neurofilament protein. These findings support the view that retinoblastomas are composed of neuron-committed cells. In addition, no Rb protein expression was detected in retinoblastomas, whereas p53 expression was found in 18 cases (75%).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192111
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  • 39
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    Electronic Resource
    Elevated content of p53 protein in the absence of p53 gene mutations as a possible prognostic marker for human renal cell tumors (1995)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 426 (1995), S. 563-569 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Kidney tumours ; Tumour suppressor gene ; Immunohistochemistry ; SSCP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract P53 tumour suppressor gene expression was estimated immunohistochemically using DO-1 monoclonal antibody (recognising both wild-type and mutant p53) in 88 human renal tumours. Single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of possible mutations within exons 4–8 of the p53 gene was performed in 29 of the tumours (mostly immunostaining-positive cases). Obviously elevated p53 content was detected with DO-1 antibody in chromophobic cell carcinomas and most clear/chromophilic cell tumours (in chromophilic cell populations). In contrast, clear cell carcinomas demonstrated either complete absence of p53 expression or the presence of single immunopositive nuclei. Oncocytomas were completely negative. Additional immunostaining of the positive samples with mutant p53-specific Pab240 monoclonal antibody failed to detect immunopositive material. No p53 mutation was found in any of the samples analysed by SSCP. Our results suggest that the elevated p53 content in human renal cell carcinomas does not result from gene mutation and that p53 gene alterations are probably not an important mechanism in the development of human renal cell carcinomas. Accumulation of the wild-type p53 protein may be a useful prognostic marker indicating neoplastic progression and malignancy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192110
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  • 40
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    Electronic Resource
    Gastric adenoma — carcinoma sequence with special reference to p53 and Ki-ras gene alterations (1995)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 427 (1995), S. 119-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: p53 ; Ki-ras ; Gastric carcinoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformational polymorphism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract With the aim of detecting the timing of p53 and Ki-ras gene alterations in the gastric adenoma-carcinoma sequence, 19 early gastric adenocarcinomas arising from adenomas were studied. Immunohistochemically, 5 adenocarcinomas were positive for p53; 3 focally and 2 diffusely. The p53 point mutations were detected in a focal area with p53 immunoreactivity in 2 of the 5 p53-positive adenocarcinomas. This indicated that p53 point mutations may play a less crucial part in malignant conversion of adenoma to adenocarcinoma in the stomach than in the colon. No Ki-ras gene mutations at codons 12 and 13 were detected in any lesion. These results suggest that the adenoma-carcinoma sequence in the stomach has a different mechanism from that in the colon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00196515
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  • 41
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    Electronic Resource
    Expression of GM-CSF receptor by Langerhans' cell histiocytosis cells (1995)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 427 (1995), S. 125-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Langerhans cell ; Histiocytosis ; Human ; Immunohistochemistry ; GM-CSF receptor ; CDw116
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Langerhans' cell histiocytosis (LCH) is characterized by the proliferation of large mononucleated cells containing Birbeck granules and expressing CD1a. Recent studies have demonstrated that LCH is a clonal proliferation; however, its aetiology is still unknown. Growth and differentiation of bone-marrow-derived cells are controlled by cytokines. The proliferation, differentiation and activation of normal Langerhans cells are controlled by granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in vitro. Therefore, GM-CSF could be implicated in the pathogenesis of LCH. Indeed, LCH cells contain GM-CSF, and children with disseminated LCH have an elevated GM-CSF serum level. As a cytokine only acts on cells expressing a specific receptor, we investigated the presence of GM-CSF receptor on LCH cells. Fourteen frozen tissue samples from children with LCH were studied by in situ immunohistochemistry with two mouse monoclonal antibodies specific for the α chain of the GM-CSF receptor (CDw116). LCH cells of all the samples were positively stained with both antibodies. This study suggests that GM-CSF may be a growth factor for LCH cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00196516
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  • 42
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    The clinical significance of p53 aberrations in human tumours (1995)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 427 (1995), S. 229-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: p53 ; Immunohistochemistry ; Human tumours
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract p53 aberrations are the most common genetic alteration found in human tumours and this review summarizes the current understanding of the clinical significance of p53 abnormalities. Immunohistochemical and molecular techniques can demonstrate alterations at the protein and gene level, respectively, but with a significant discordance between the findings of either technique. The tumours evaluated in this review include cancers of the breast, lung, gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary tract, and others. In most cases, only data on p53 protein are available and in each of these tumour types discrepant conclusions on the clinical value of p53 abnormalities as prognostic indicators have been reached. The role of p53 in the context of anticancer adjuvant therapy has also been analysed. Experimental data suggest that p53 affects the apoptotic response to anticancer agents, but this has not yet been proven in a clinical series where this demonstration and its effect on therapy could represent one of the most important endpoints in p53 clinical research. The use of standardized techniques to evaluate p53 gene mutation and protein accumulation within controlled clinical series of patients entering prospective trials is essential to answer the many remaining questions on the clinical significance of p53 aberrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00203389
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  • 43
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    Electronic Resource
    Improved detection of medically important fungi by immunoperoxidase staining with polyclonal antibodies (1995)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 427 (1995), S. 407-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Indirect immunoperoxidase staining ; Tissue section ; Fungi ; Immunohistochemistry ; Polyclonal antibody
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study was performed to identify pathological fungi of eight species [Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, Torulopsis (Candida) glabrata, Cryptococcus neoformans, Fusarium anthophilum, Rhizopus oryzae, Sporothrix schenckii and Trichosporon beigelii] in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections by indirect immunoperoxidase staining. Mature albino rabbits were immunized with formalin-killed organisms. Antibodies were prepared by precipitation. Immunoperoxidase staining was applied to the paraffin-embedded tissue sections of experimentally infected mice and human autopsy and surgical specimens. Although the cell walls of each fungus stained clearly, many cross-reactivities appeared. However, it was possible to obtain specificity for the eight species by absorption and dilution of the antisera.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00199390
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  • 44
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    Electronic Resource
    Expression of mdm-2 and p53 protein in transitional cell carcinoma (1995)
    Springer
    Urological research 22 (1995), S. 349-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: mdm-2 protein ; Immunohistochemistry ; Bladder carcinoma ; p53 protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Amplification of the mdm-2 gene and overexpression of the mdm-2 protein might inactivate p53 function, and may have prognostic relevance. The present paper investigated the immunohistochemical overexpression of the mdm-2 and p53 proteins in 25 biopsy specimens of transitional cell bladder carcinomas (10 pT1 and 15 pT2 or higher stages). Five cases (20%) showed strong mdm-2 protein immunoreactivity in more than 5% of the tumor cells; 14 cases (56%) showed p53 immunoreactivity in more than 20% of the cells, and were considered as overexpressing p53 protein. Four of the five cases with strong mdm-2 immunoreactivity did not show p53 overexpression, and 13 of the 14 cases with p53 overexpression did not show mdm-2 immunoreactivity. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that p53 overaccumulation (and hence possible p53 gene mutation) or mdm-2 overexpression (and hence possible mdm-2 gene amplification) may mirror two different and possibly complementary gene alterations, which might finally interfere with the control of cell proliferation and apoptosis. In this perspective, evaluation of the combined mdm-2/p53 protein phenotype in human bladder carcinomas could have prognostic relevance and give us better prognostic information than evaluation of the p53 protein alone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296873
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  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitroxergic innervation of the human ureterovesical junction (1995)
    Springer
    Urological research 23 (1995), S. 189-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Ureterovesical junction ; Nitric oxide ; Innervation ; Immunohistochemistry ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) immunohistochemistry and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPH-d) histochemistry were used to investigate the distribution of nitroxergic, i.e., nitric oxide-synthesizing, neuronal perikarya and processes in the human ureterovesical junction (UVJ). Tissue specimens obtained from two cadaver kidney donors and two patients undergoing radical cystectomy for bladder cancer were examined. Clusters of NOS-immunoreactive neurons were localized in extramural ureterovesical ganglia. NOS-containing nerve fibers traveled within large extramural nerve trunks and marched among smooth muscle bundles. Extramural and intramural blood vessels were encircled by varicose NOS-positive axonal processes. The distribution of NOS immunoreactivity paralleled the staining pattern for NADPH-d activity. Urothelium stained strongly for NADPH-d activity but showed no NOS immunolabeling. Specimens from all four patients investigated showed similar staining patterns. Our results suggest that nitric oxide, a potent smooth-muscle-relaxing neurotransmitter in the autonomic nervous system, plays a physiologic role in opening the human UVJ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00389572
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  • 46
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    Coexistence of Pick bodies and atypical Lewy bodies in the locus ceruleus neurons of Pick's disease (1995)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 90 (1995), S. 93-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Pick body ; Lewy body ; Locus ceruleus ; Pick's disease ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We observed abundant Pick argentophilic inclusion bodies (PBs) as well as some atypical Lewy bodies (LBs) in the locus ceruleus (LC) from a patient with Pick's disease. In addition, there were a few neurons which contained both PBs and LBs. PBs in the LC frequently appeared multiple and had lobulated or irregular shapes, though their ultrastructural elements were the same as those of the PBs appearing in the cerebral cortex, and consisted of randomly arranged smooth-surfaced straight tubules of 15 nm in diameter, mixed with a small number of long-period constricted fibrils. The ultrastructure of the LB coexisting with PB was identical with that previously reported; a dense core was surrounded by concentric layers of radially oriented 10-nm filaments and was clearly distinguishable from the PB. Immunohistochemical examination with various antibodies related to neurofibrillar pathology demonstrated that anti-tau antibodies reacted positively with both PB and the rim portion of LB in the present case; an unusual finding for LB. The anti-neurofilament 200-kDa protein stained only LBs, even when PBs and LBs coexisted in the same neuron. These findings show that two kinds of neuronal fibrillar inclusions, whose underlying cytoskeletal abnormalities are thought to be different, can coexist in the same neuron. In addition, the formation of multiple, lobulated PBs may suggest some particularity of cytoskeletal composition of the LC neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294465
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  • 47
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    Electronic Resource
    Immunogold labelling of paired helical filaments and amyloid fibrils by specific monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies (1995)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 90 (1995), S. 441-447 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Alzheimer's disease ; Neurofibrillary ; tangles ; Amyloid ; Ultrastructure ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Senile plaque and paired helical filament (PHF) formation are characteristic of Alzheimer's disease, but the mechanisms leading to these lesions still remain unclear. To understand them better, we have performed different immunolabellings of amyloid protein and PHF. We describe a very specific immunodetection of PHF with AD2, a monoclonal antibody directed against a hyperphosphorylated epitope of PHF-tau, and use double immunolabelling to show that PHF and plaque amyloid are discretely labelled by different antibodies. We also discuss different mechanisms of PHF maturation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294803
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  • 48
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A lysosomal marker for activated microglial cells involved in Alzheimer classic senile plaques (1995)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 90 (1995), S. 493-503 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Alzheimer's disease ; Senile plaques ; Microglia ; Lysosomes ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract One of the major histopathological lesions in brains of patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) is the senile plaque. Although previous studies have shown that senile plaques are often accompanied by microglial cells, the role of these cells in DAT pathology is still unclear. In an immunohistochemical and immuno-electron microscopical analysis of DAT and control brain tissues we addressed this issue using two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs KP1 and 25F9) directed against lysosomal antigens in monocytes and macrophages. Whereas KP1 stained lysosomes in both resting and activated microglial cells, 25F9-staining was predominantly found in lysosomes of activated microglial cells in classic senile plaques. The number and size of 25F9-positive lysosomes in activated microglial cells was increased compared to 25F9-staining in unaffected areas in DAT and control sections. We conclude that mAb 25F9 is a unique and useful lysosomal marker, with a higher specificity than other known markers, for activated microglial cells associated with classic, but not with diffuse, senile plaques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294811
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  • 49
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    Electronic Resource
    The pathology of the lower leg muscles in pure forefoot pes cavus (1995)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 89 (1995), S. 552-559 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Pes cavus ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Pathology ; Morphometry ; Peroneus longus hypertrophy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Enlargement of the peroneus longus muscle is a common occurrence in patients with forefoot pes cavus, and may contribute to the cavus deformity. The present study compares the morphology of up to five lower leg muscles from 17 patients with forefoot pes cavus with those of normal muscles. Eight cases had an identifiable neurogenic cause for the cavus. In four cases of hereditary motor-sensory neuropathy, the tibialis anterior showed more severe damage than the peroneus longus. In two cases of cerebral palsy, fibre atrophy and increased oxidative enzyme activity were observed. In nine clinically idiopathic cases, the histological appearances ranged from normal to generalised fibre atrophy or hypertrophy in individual muscles. There was a trend for the mean fibre area to be greater in peroneus longus than in tibialis anterior in six of the idiopathic group of patients. The muscle cross-sectional area on magnetic resonance imaging was correlated closely with the mean fibre area measured on tissue sections. In idiopathic forefoot pes cavus, fibre hypertrophy in peroneus longus (relative to tibialis anterior) may contribute to the cavus deformity. Muscle fibre hyperplasia may contribute to the peroneal muscle enlargement in Friedreich's ataxia. In none of the cases was peroneus longus enlargement due to fat or fibrous tissue replacement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00571511
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  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The pathology of the lower leg muscles in pure forefoot pes cavus (1995)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 89 (1995), S. 552-559 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Pes cavus ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Pathology ; Morphometry ; Peroneus longus hypertrophy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Enlargement of the peroneus longus muscle is a common occurrence in patients with forefoot pes cavus, and may contribute to the cavus deformity. The present study compares the morphology of up to five lower leg muscles from 17 patients with forefoot pes cavus with those of normal muscles. Eight cases had an identifiable neurogenic cause for the cavus. In four cases of hereditary motor-sensory neuropathy, the tibialis anterior showed more severe damage than the peroneus longus. In two cases of cerebral palsy, fibre atrophy and increased oxidative enzyme activity were observed. In nine clinically idiopathic cases, the histological appearances ranged from normal to generalised fibre atrophy or hypertrophy in individual muscles. There was a trend for the mean fibre area to be greater in peroneus longus than in tibialis anterior in six of the idiopathic group of patients. The muscle cross-sectional area on magnetic resonance imaging was correlated closely with the mean fibre area measured on tissue sections. In idiopathic forefoot pes cavus, fibre hypertrophy in peroneus longus (relative to tibialis anterior) may contribute to the cavus deformity. Muscle fibre hyperplasia may contribute to the peroneal muscle enlargement in Friedreich's ataxia. In none of the cases was peroneus longus enlargement due to fat or fibrous tissue replacement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00571511
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    A monoclonal antibody that recognizes a carbohydrate epitope of human protoplasmic astrocytes (1995)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 91 (1995), S. 23-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Protoplasmic astrocyte ; Secondary ; lysosome ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract By hybridizing mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells from a BALB/c mouse immunized with the glial cell-rich fraction prepared from an autopsied human brain, we established a hybridoma that produces a monoclonal antibody to protoplasmic astrocytes (PA). The antibody, named PRAS-1, consistently labeled cytoplasm of PA with a granular pattern. In a few cases, the cytoplasmic processes of several astrocytes in gray and white matter were also stained. The immunoreactivity was lost after periodic acid treatment or methylation, showing that the epitope is composed of a carbohydrate. The cytoplasmic reaction was resistant to protease digestion and lost after incubation in an organic solvent, suggesting that a glycolipid is the antigen. On the other hand, the reaction in the processes disappeared upon protease digestion. Ultrastructurally, the immunoreaction was localized to secondary lysosomes. Cross-reactivity was noted on a small number of incidental neurons, corpora amylacea, hepatocytes and esophageal epithelial cells. A long period of formalin fixation did not deteriorate the antigenicity. PRAS-1 was demonstrated to detect PA immunohistochemically on paraffin sections, and may be applicable to further investigations into development or neoplasms of human astrocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050388
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  • 52
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    The effects of retinoid status on TGF β expression during mouse embryogenesis (1995)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 192 (1995), S. 21-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: TGF β ; Retinoid ; Immunohistochemistry ; In situ hybridization ; Mouse embryogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In a previous study we investigated the effects of RA excess on TGF β protein localization in early postimplantation stages of mouse development. Here we extend this investigation by comparing the effects of retinoid deficiency with those of excess, and by comparing the effects of altered retinoid status on TGF β protein and RNA transcript distribution. In vitamin A-deficient embryos, TGF β1 RNA and protein distribution were both unaltered compared with controls; conversely, TGF β2 protein levels were reduced while RNA levels remained normal. In RA-treated embryos, the previous study showed that intracellular TGF β1 levels were decreased, while those of extracellular TGF β1 were initially decreased but subsequently increased; here we found that TGF β1 RNA transcript levels were reduced following exposure to RA excess. TGF β2 showed a clear disparity between the effects of RA excess on protein and RNA transcript levels: RNA transcript distribution was unchanged or showed a slight increase in RA-treated embryos, whereas the previous results showed greatly reduced protein levels. The new results provide further evidence for interaction between retinoids and TGF βs during mouse development, and indicate that retinoids are capable of differentially regulating TGF β isoforms through mechanisms involving different stages in the process of TGF β synthesis and secretion. The long-term nature of the effects of transient exposure to RA excess suggests that the mechanisms of RA-TGF β interaction may be indirect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00186988
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  • 53
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    Electronic Resource
    Development of substance P immunoreactivity in the mouse vomeronasal organ (1995)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 192 (1995), S. 107-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Neuropeptide ; Axon reflex ; Vasomotion ; Peripheral sensory fiber
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We investigated the development of substance P immunoreactivity in mouse vomeronasal organs in embryos, juveniles, and adults. In all stages, substance P fibers were found in the receptor-free epithelial area, but never in the neuroepithelium. Substance P fibers were found sparsely in the lamina propria of 15-day-old embryos. Although buds of the vomeronasal glands in the cavernous tissue were observed in 17-day-old embryos, and gradually grew in size and numbers, the substance P fibers around them decreased after about the 13th day. Thus, substance P may be a trophic factor for the development of the vomeronasal glands in the cavernous tissue. We first recognized substance P fibers reaching the surface of the receptor-free epithelium in 13-day-old pups. In 21-day-old mice, substance P fibers were as well developed as in adult mice. Considering the development of the substance P fibers in the receptor-free epithelium and the cavernous tissue, they probably cause the vasodilation of the cavernous tissue via local axon reflexes. These structures may then act as a defense system, eliminating noxious stimulus substances sucked into the vomeronasal organ.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00185999
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of type I and II collagen during development of human first rib cartilage (1995)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 192 (1995), S. 329-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: First rib cartilage ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mineralization ; Ossification ; Collagen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The localization of fibrillar type I and II collagen was investigated by immunofluorescence staining with specific antibodies in order to obtain a better understanding of tissue remodelling during the development of first rib cartilage. In childhood and early adolescence type I collagen was found to be restricted to the perichondrium of first rib cartilage, while type II collagen was localized in the matrix of hyaline cartilage. However, in advanced age type I collagen was also found in the territorial matrix of intermediate and central chondrocytes of first rib cartilage. The matrix of subperichondrial chondrocytes was negative for type I collagen. This suggests that some chondrocytes in first rib cartilage undergo a modulation to type I collagen-producing cells. The first bone formation was observed in rib cartilages of 20- to 25-year-old adults. Interestingly, the ossification began peripherally, adjacent to the innermost layer of the perichondrium where areas of fibrocartilage had developed. The newly formed bone matrix showed strong immunostaining for type I collagen. Fibrocartilage bordering peripherally on bone matrix revealed only a faint staining for type I collagen, but strong immunoreactivity to type II collagen. The interterritorial matrix of the central chondrocytes failed to react with the type II collagen antibody, in both men and women, from the end of the second decade. These observations indicate that major matrix changes occur at the same time in male and female first rib cartilages. Thus, our findings indicate that ossification in human first rib cartilage does not follow the same pattern as that observed in endochondral ossification of epiphyseal discs or sternal cartilage.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00710102
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    Expression of connexin 32 gap junction protein in the kidneys during fetal development of the hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) (1995)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 192 (1995), S. 399-406 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Connexin 32 ; Immunohistochemistry ; Enzyme histochemistry ; Renal tubule cell ; Hamster
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The expression of gap junction protein was examined immunohistochemically using affinity-purified antibody against rat liver gap junction protein, connexin 32 (Cx32), in the kidneys of fetal (gestation days 13–16) and adult Syrian golden hamsters. Phalloidin histochemical staining, PNA- and RCA I-lectin stainings, NCAM immunostaining, and alkaline phosphatase and Na+-K+-ATPase enzyme-histochemical staining were performed in combination with Cx32 immunostaining. The kidney sections were observed with a confocal scanning laser microscope. By gestation day 13, Cx32 immunoreactivity was observed in the differentiating tubules. The Cx32 staining was localized on the lateral cell membrane of the cells lining the developing proximal tubules, while the S-shaped bodies, developing distal tubules, and collecting tubules showed no positive immunostaining. As the kidney developed, the density of Cx32 immunoreactivity increased. As the gap junction provides pathways for cell-cell communication, the development of Cx32 expression may imply that this structure plays an important role in renal tubule development. Confocal scanning laser microscopy provided a clear image of the fluorescence-labeled cell structures, free from out-of-focus blur. Using the same sections, stereoscopic images were easily reconstructed from serial optical sections, and were helpful in understanding the spatial distribution of Cx32 expression in the developing fetal proximal tubules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00240372
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    Ontogeny, distribution and amine/peptide colocalization of chromogranin A- and B-immunoreactive cells in the chicken gizzard and antrum (1995)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 192 (1995), S. 547-555 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Avian gut ; Differentiation ; Gut endocrine cells ; Regulatory peptides ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The ontogeny and the distribution of chromogranin A (CgA)- and chromogranin B (CgB)-immunoreactive endocrine cells was studied in the chicken gizzard and gizzard-duodenal junction (also called pylorus or antrum) during embryonic and postnatal life. The same tissue sections were then double-immunostained to identify the CgA- and CgB-immunoreactive cells, with a panel of polyclonal antibodies raised against main gut amine/peptides. In the gizzard, positive cells were observed only in its two diverticula (proximal and distal caeca), where the first CgA- and CgB-immunoreactive cells were found on day 12 of incubation. They always remained moderate in number and co-stored mainly serotonin, gastrin/CCK and neurotensin. A few also co-stored somatostatin, but only during the embryonic period. Others co-stored PYY, but only after hatching. Co-localization with motilin was rare and never occurred with bombesin. In the chicken antrum, the first CgA- and CgB-immunoreactive cells were observed on day 12 of incubation and soon reached very high numbers. Antral positive cells showed almost the same co-localization pattern as the gizzard diverticula. Despite their high chromogranin content, the antral cells had weak argyrophilia, whereas in the gizzard diverticula the two staining patterns corresponded.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00187185
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    A lysosomal marker for activated microglial cells involved in Alzheimer classic senile plaques (1995)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 90 (1995), S. 493-503 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Alzheimer's disease ; Senile plaques ; Microglia ; Lysosomes ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract One of the major histopathological lesions in brains of patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) is the senile plaque. Although previous studies have shown that senile plaques are often accompanied by microglial cells, the role of these cells in DAT pathology is still unclear. In an immunohistochemical and immuno-electron microscopical analysis of DAT and control brain tissues we addressed this issue using two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs KP1 and 25F9) directed against lysosomal antigens in monocytes and macrophages. Whereas KP1 stained lysosomes in both resting and activated microglial cells, 25F9-staining was predominantly found in lysosomes of activated microglial cells in classic senile plaques. The number and size of 25F9-positive lysosomes in activated microglial cells was increased compared to 25F9-staining in unaffected areas in DAT and control sections. We conclude that mAb 25F9 is a unique and useful lysosomal marker, with a higher specificity than other known markers, for activated microglial cells associated with classic, but not with diffuse, senile plaques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294811
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Juvenile xanthogranuloma with cutaneous and cerebral manifestations in a young infant (1995)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 90 (1995), S. 87-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Juvenile xanthogranuloma ; Intracerebral ; lesion ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Juvenile xanthogranuloma is usually a self-limiting disease of the skin. Intracranial manifestations are extremely rare. We report the clinico-pathological features of an 8-month-old boy suffering from a gradually enlarging nodule of the chest wall and subsequent epileptic seizures. The subcutaneous tumor and a cerebral subcortical tumor of the left temporal lobe were resected. The histological appearance of both tumors corresponded to juvenile xanthogranuloma and included histiocytes, foamy cells, giant cells, inflammatory cells, and collagen-producing fibroblasts showing a storiform pattern. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated positivity of the tumor cells for lysozyme, CD68 and myeloid-histiocytic antigen, but not S-100 protein, supporting mono-histiocytic differentiation. This case indicates that juvenile xanthogranuloma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of intracranial "xanthomatous" and histiocytic lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294464
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    Neuronal targets of serum and cerebrospinal fluid autoantibodies in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (1995)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 91 (1995), S. 67-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Human ; Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; Autoantibody ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Sera and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 25 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) were tested by immunofluorescence on fetal, juvenile and adult central and peripheral neuronal (CNS/PNS) tissues and on nerve biopsy material from affected patients for the presence of autoantibodies. Results were compared with control sera from normal blood donors (n = 45) and patients with other neurological diseases (OND) (n = 11). Three different types of tissue reactivity (glial, axonal, and small blood vessels) were found. Antibodies binding to glial and axonal structures were found in 32% of ALS patients as compared to 12% in normal and 27% in OND controls. In contrast, staining of endothelial cells was found with 24% of ALS sera and CSF but not with normal and OND control sera and was demonstrated only with fetal and juvenile nervous tissue and with suralis nerve biopsies of two of five ALS patients. However, normal or inflamed adult CNS/PNS tissue was not stained with these sera. We conclude that ALS is most likely a heterogeneous group of diseases and only a subgroup of ALS may have an autoimmune pathogenesis. These findings may, therefore, have implications for the evaluation of any immunosuppressive treatment in ALS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050393
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical localization of connexin 43 in the developing tooth germ of rat (1995)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 191 (1995), S. 561-568 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Connexin 43 ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat maxillary tooth germs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Distribution of gap junction protein in maxillary tooth germs of 1-day-old rats was examined by immunohistochemistry, using an affinity-purified antibody specific to residues 360–376 of rat connexin (CX) 43. In 1-day-old rats, the maxillary second molar formed the shape of the cusp, but neither dentine nor enamel was formed between the cells of the dental papilla and the inner enamel epithelium. In the tooth germ, CX 43 was expressed in the cells of the stratum intermedium and the inner enamel epithelium. Labelling in the stratum inter-medium was extensive and showed an increasing gradient from peripheral to cuspal regions. CX 43 detected in the inner enamel epithelium was at cell surfaces facing the interface between the dental papilla and the inner enamel epithelium. The cells of the dental papilla and the inner enamel epithelium began differentiation as odontoblasts and secretory ameloblasts respectively, in the cusps of the first molars, where predentine and dentine were formed but enamel matrix was not secreted. CX 43 was present in the stratum intermedium, inner enamel epithelium, preodontoblasts, odontoblasts and subodontoblasts. The incisors showed the most advanced stage of development, where the enamel matrix and calcified dentine were formed in the labial part of the teeth. The CX 43 epitope was seen in the stratum intermedium, inner enamel epithelium, preameloblasts, preodontoblasts, odontoblasts, and subodontoblasts. Immunolabelling was more extensive in the stratum intermedium and subodontoblasts than in preameloblasts, preodontoblasts, and odontoblasts. The immunolabelling in preameloblasts and preodontoblasts was accumulated at cell surfaces facing the predentine. Further, the labelling in preameloblasts and preodontoblasts disappeared or was reduced at the initiation of enamel matrix secretion and calcification of dentine matrix. The present results suggest that gap junctional cell communication has important roles in tooth development. Further, the extensive CX 43 expression in the stratum intermedium and the subodontoblast layer suggests that gap junctions have an important role in amelogenesis and dentinogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00186744
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    Histocytochemical and immunohistochemical studies related to the role of glycogen in human developing digestive organs (1995)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 192 (1995), S. 497-505 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Glycogen ; Glycogen phosphorylase ; Histochemistry ; Immunohistochemistry ; Human embryo
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To elucidate the role of glycogen in the epithelium of developing digestive organs, we investigated the appearance of glycogen and glycogen phosphorylase (GP) in these organs. We studied 64 externally normal human embryos at Carnegie stages 13–23 (5.1–28.0 mm in crown-ramp length, 4–8 weeks of gestation) by histocytochemical staining for glycogen and immunohistochemical staining with antibodies against two isoenzymes of GP: brain-type (BGP) and mucle-brain-type (MBGP) GP. At stage 13, glycogen appeared in the epithelium of the digestive tract and the parenchyma of the pancreas. As development advanced, glycogen granules increased in number and size in these tissues, and they became evenly distributed in the epithelium of the digestive tract as either single particles or aggregates, as deduced by electron microscopy at late embryonic stages. Immunoreactivity specific both for BGP and for MBGP was detected in the digestive tract and the pancreas from stage 13. As development advanced, both BGP- and MBGP-immunoreactive cells increased in number and in immunoreactivity, and the number of MBGP-immunoreactive cells became larger than that of BGP-immunoreactive cells. By contrast, in hepatic cells, which serve as a major storage site for glycogen in adults, glycogen was detected only from stage 20, in smaller amounts, without formation of aggregates, and no immunoreactivity specific for BGP or MBGP was apparent throughout the embryonic stages examined. Thus, in the epithelium of the digestive tract and the parenchyma of the pancreas, but not in hepatic cells, the appearance and localization of GP coincided almost exactly with that of glycogen. These observations suggest that glycogen in the epithelium of the digestive tract and the parenchyma of the pancreas has not only been synthesized but also degraded from an early embryonic period and may, thus, be related to active cellular metabolism that is specific for embryonic development, including proliferation of the epithelium and interactions between epithelium and mesenchyme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00187180
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    Early events in rabies virus infection of the central nervous system in skunks (Mephitis mephitis) (1995)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 91 (1995), S. 89-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Rabies ; Skunk ; Immunohistochemistry ; Viral transit in fiber tracts ; Pathogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Twenty-four striped skunks were inoculated intramuscularly (long digital extensor muscle of right pelvic limb) with street rabies virus. Groups of two clinically normal skunks were killed at various times after inoculation; skunks that developed rabies were killed in early stages of the clinical signs. Four clinically normal skunks (numbered 1–4) had slight infection in lumbar spinal ganglia, spinal cord and brain. These four skunks were used for detailed immunohistochemical (rabies antigen) studies that included examination of sections from every segment of the spinal cord, most of the spinal ganglia from the 2nd cervical to the 2nd coccygeal (sections at 25-μm intervals of lumbar, sacral and coccygeal ganglia) and brain (sections at 50-μm intervals). In skunks 1–4, there was increasing distribution of antigen-containing neurons that was not correlated with the time elapsed since inoculation. In three skunks (nos. 1, 2 and 3), antigen-containing neurons were predominantly in caudal regions of the spinal cord, caudal right lumbar and sacral spinal ganglia and certain nuclei/regions of the brain (medial reticular formation, right interpositus and lateral vestibular nuclei, left red nucleus, left motor cortex, and left reticular nucleus of the thalamus). Skunk 4 had more extensive infection than skunks 1–3, but the previous pattern was still evident. The results are consistent with viral entrance into the lumbar spinal cord, initial replication mainly at the L2 and L3 levels, local spread in the cord by propriospinal neurons and early transit to the brain via long ascending and descending fiber tracts (bypassing the grey matter of the rostral spinal cord). These mechanisms could provide for early and rapid dissemination in the brain before a significant immune response develops and could induce behavioral changes before the animal is incapacitated by extensive spinal cord infection. Based on the distribution of antigen-containing neurons, the tracts considered most likely to serve as viral transitways from spinal cord to brain include: rubrospinal, corticospinal, spinothalamic, spino-olivary, vestibulospinal and/or spinovestibular, reticulospinal and/or spinoreticular, cerebellospinal and/or spinocerebellar, and dorsal column pathways.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050397
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    In situ polymerase chain reaction detection of HTLV-I provirus and expression of the p53 tumor suppressor gene in infiltrating cells in skeletal muscle from a patient with adult T cell leukemia (1995)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 90 (1995), S. 323-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Adult T cell leukemia ; HTLV-I ; Immunohistochemistry ; In situ polymerase chain reaction ; p53 protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report the pathological changes in skeletal muscle from a patient with acute adult T cell leukemia (ATL). HTLV-I provirus was detected in infiltrating cells using in situ polymerase chain reaction in frozen sections. Furthermore, aberrant expression of the p53 protein was observed in the infiltrating cells. As p53 protein was not observed in mononuclear inflammatory cells in patients with polymyositis, expression of the p53 protein was considered to be one of the characteristic findings in ATL cells. This is the first direct detection of ATL cells in skeletal muscle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296518
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    Detection of immunoreactive atrial and brain natriuretic peptides in the equine atrium (1995)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 192 (1995), S. 117-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Horse atrium ; Cardiodilatin/atrial natriuretic peptide ; Brain natriuretic peptide ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The distribution of immunoreactivity (IR) for cardiodilatin/atrial natriuretic peptide (CDD/ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) was examined immunohistochemically and immuno-electron-microscopically in the equine atrium, using specific antibodies. In the immunohistochemical studies, IR-CDD/ANP and IR-pBNP-26 (porcine BNP-26 immunoreactivity) was detected in the cytoplasm of the auricular cardiocytes, but IR-hBNP-32 (human BNP-32 immunoreactivity) was not. The double immunogold labelling method for IR-hBNP-28 and IR-pBNP-26 revealed that gold particles of different sizes were located in the same secretory granules in the cardiocyte, but no gold particles for IR-hBNP-32 were detected. These results show that CDD/ANP and porcine BNP-like peptides are colocalized in the same secretory granules of the equine atrium. They suggest that the equine atrium secretes both CDD/ANP and BNP-like peptides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00186000
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    Chordomas: pathological features; ploidy and silver nucleolar organizing region analysis (1995)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 89 (1995), S. 139-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Chordoma ; Ploidy ; Silver nucleolar organizing region ; Pathology ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Chordomas are slow growing malignant neoplasms with a prolonged clincial course which do not usually metastasize. They are histologically benign, locally invasive and often recur following resection. Survival has been shown to vary widely and prognostic indicators have been difficult to identify. Cellularity, mitotic activity and cellular pleomorphism have not been found to have prognostic significance. Thirty-six cases of clival, cervico-thoracic and sacral chordomas were evaluated utilizing four variables as possible predictors of survival: (1) silver nucleolar organizing region (AgNOR), (2) ploidy, (3) fibrosis, and (4) inflammatory response. AgNOR areas in approximately 200 cells per case were calculated and summed. DNA ploidy was obtained in 23 of the cases by analyzing deparaffinized Feulgen-stained tissue. Fibrosis and inflammation were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin and by trichrome stains. Clinical follow-up was available in the 36 cases with survival ranging from 0.5 to 159 months. A statistical analysis employing the Cox-Proportional Hazards model disclosed no significant correlation between AgNOR area and clinical outcome (P〉0.05). The variables, fibrosis, and inflammation, did not demonstrate prognostic significance (P〉0.05). Ploidy demonstrated a statistical trend for prognostic significance (P=0.077). It is apparent that three of the four parameters studied do not independently affect survival. Although AgNOR has proved useful in the study of other neoplasms such as those of breast, prostate and bladder, it is not of significant importance in predicting the behaviour of chordomas. Ploidy, on the other hand, may be of value in predicting clinical outcome in chordomas and may be a useful marker in the evaluation of the aggressive biological behavior of these neoplasms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296357
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chordomas: pathological features; ploidy and silver nucleolar organizing region analysis (1995)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 89 (1995), S. 139-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Chordoma ; Ploidy ; Silver nucleolar ; organizing region ; Pathology ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Chordomas are slow growing malignant neoplasms with a prolonged clinical course which do not usually metastasize. They are histologically benign, locally invasive and often recur following resection. Survival has been shown to vary widely and prognostic indicators have been difficult to identify. Cellularity, mitotic activity and cellular pleomorphism have not been found to have prognostic significance. Thirty-six cases of clival, cervico-thoracic and sacral chordomas were evaluated utilizing four variables as possible predictors of survival: (1) silver nucleolar organizing region (AgNOR), (2) ploidy, (3) fibrosis , and (4) inflammatory response. AgNOR areas in approximately 200 cells per case were calculated and summed. DNA ploidy was obtained in 23 of the cases by analyzing deparaffinized Feulgen-stained tissue. Fibrosis and inflammation were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin and by trichrome stains. Clinical follow-up was available in the 36 cases with survival ranging from 0.5 to 159 months. A statistical analysis employing the Cox-Proportional Hazards model disclosed no significant correlation between AgNOR area and clinical outcome (P 〉 0.05). The variables, fibrosis, and inflammation, did not demonstrate prognostic significance (P 〉 0.05). Ploidy demonstrated a statistical trend for prognostic significance (P = 0.077). It is apparent that three of the four parameters studied do not independently affect survival. Although AgNOR has proved useful in the study of other neoplasms such as those of breast, prostate and bladder, it is not of significant importance in predicting the behaviour of chordomas. Ploidy, on the other hand, may be of value in predicting clinical outcome in chordomas and may be a useful marker in the evaluation of the aggressive biological behavior of these neoplasms.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296357
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    Coexistence of Pick bodies and atypical Lewy bodies in the locus ceruleus neurons of Pick's disease (1995)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 90 (1995), S. 93-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Pick body ; Lewy body ; Locus ceruleus ; Pick's disease ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We observed abundant Pick argentophilic inclusion bodies (PBs) as well as some atypical Lewy bodies (LBs) in the locus ceruleus (LC) from a patient with Pick's disease. In addition, there were a few neurons which contained both PBs and LBs. PBs in the LC frequently appeared multiple and had lobulated or irregular shapes, though their ultrastructural elements were the same as those of the PBs appearing in the cerebral cortex, and consisted of randomly arranged smooth-surfaced straight tubules of 15 nm in diameter, mixed with a small number of long-period constricted fibrils. The ultrastructure of the LB coexisting with PB was identical with that previously reported; a dense core was surrounded by concentric layers of radially oriented 10-nm filaments and was clearly distinguishable from the PB. Immunohistochemical examination with various antibodies related to neurofibrillar pathology demonstrated that anti-tau antibodies reacted positively with both PB and the rim portion of LB in the present case; an unusual finding for LB. The anti-neurofilament 200-kDa protein stained only LBs, even when PBs and LBs coexisted in the same neuron. These findings show that two kinds of neuronal fibrillar inclusions, whose underlying cytoskeletal abnormalities are thought to be different, can coexist in the same neuron. In addition, the formation of multiple, lobulated PBs may suggest some particularity of cytoskeletal composition of the LC neurons.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294465
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    Electronic Resource
    Juvenile xanthogranuloma with cutaneous and cerebral manifestations in a young infant (1995)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 90 (1995), S. 87-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Juvenile xanthogranuloma ; Intracerebral lesion ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Juvenile xanthogranuloma is usually a self-limiting disease of the skin. Intracranial manifestations are extremely rare. We report the clinico-pathological features of an 8-month-old boy suffering from a gradually enlarging nodule of the chest wall and subsequent epileptic seizures. The subcutaneous tumor and a cerebral subcortical tumor of the left temporal lobe were resected. The histological appearance of both tumors corresponded to juvenile xanthogranuloma and included histiocytes, foamy cells, giant cells, inflammatory cells, and collagen-producing fibroblasts showing a storiform pattern. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated positivity of the tumor cells for lysozyme, CD68 and myeloid-histiocytic antigen, but not S-100 protein, supporting mono-histiocytic differentiation. This case indicates that juvenile xanthogranuloma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of intracranial “xanthomatous” and histiocytic lesions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294464
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    Immunogold labelling of paired helical filaments and amyloid fibrils by specific monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies (1995)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 90 (1995), S. 441-447 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Alzheimer's disease ; Neurofibrillary tangles ; Amyloid ; Ultrastructure ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Senile plaque and paired helical filament (PHF) formation are characteristic of Alzheimer's disease, but the mechanisms leading to these lesions still remain unclear. To understand them better, we have performed different immunolabellings of amyloid protein and PHF. We describe a very specific immunodetection of PHF with AD2, a monoclonal antibody directed against a hyperphosphorylated epitope of PHF-tau, and use double immunolabelling to show that PHF and plaque amyloid are discretely labbeled by different antibodies. We also discuss different mechanisms of PHF maturation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294803
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    Electronic Resource
    In situ polymerase chain reaction detection of HTLV-I provirus and expression of the p53 tumor suppressor gene in infiltrating cells in skeletal muscle from a patient with adult T cell leukemia (1995)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 90 (1995), S. 323-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Adult T cell leukemia ; HTLV-I ; Immunohistochemistry ; In situ polymerase chain reaction ; p53 protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report the pathological changes in skeletal muscle from a patient with acute adult T cell leukemia (ATL). HTLV-I provirus was detected in infiltrating cells using in situ polymerase chain reaction in frozen sections. Furthermore, aberrant expression of the p53 protein was observed in the infiltrating cells. As p53 protein was not observed in mononuclear inflammatory cells in patients with polymyositis, expression of the p53 protein was considered to be one of the characteristic findings in ATL cells. This is the first direct detection of ATL cells in skeletal muscle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296518
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  • 71
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    Developmental expression of KG-CAM in the rat neostriatum (1995)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 191 (1995), S. 191-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Striatum ; Cell adhesion ; Development ; Immunohistochemistry ; KG-CAM
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The present study examines the developmentally regulated expression pattern of an Ig superfamily member, KG-CAM, in the neostriatum of the rat. KG-CAM is a 90-kDa glycoprotein that is related to the DM-GRASP/Neurolin family of adhesion molecules. In the embryonic and early postnatal neostriatum, the distribution of KG-CAM correlates with the distribution of dopaminergic terminals. Early in neostriatal development, KG-CAM is found in the tyrosine hydroxylase-positive patches. In the maturing neostriatum, the levels of KG-CAM remain high within the patches, and KG-CAM upregulates in the matrix compartment. As the neostriatum is reaching its adult morphology, 5 weeks postnatal, the expression of KG-CAM in the matrix is approximately equal to that of the patches. When the distribution of KG-CAM is examined at the ultrastructural level, the immunoreactivity is localized to the external surface of neuronal and glial profiles in the neuropil. KG-CAM does not appear to be associated with the guidance of dopaminergic axons from the substantia nigra to the striatum, for this pathway is not immunopositive for this member of the Ig superfamily. The present study identifies an Ig superfamily member, KG-CAM, that appears to play a major role in the development of the neostriatum. Furthermore, the high levels of KG-CAM in the adult neostriatum suggest that this Ig superfamily member may be involved in maintaining the integrity of this structure in the adult rat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00187818
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  • 72
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    Magnetic resonance imaging reveals a markedly inhomogeneous distribution of marrow cellularity in a patient with myelodysplasia (1995)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 71 (1995), S. 143-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Myelodysplasic syndrome ; Leukemia ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Bone marrow biopsy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 47-year-old male patient with myelodysplasia showed increasing values of serum lactate dehydrogenase (up to 3500 units/l) and an increasing blast count. Several biopsies (taken from the posterior iliac crest) revealed marked hypocellularity. In contrast, magnetic resonance imaging of the marrow demonstrated an inhomogeneous distribution of marrow with hypocellular and also large hypercellular areas not detected by cytological and histological analysis. A location for biopsy of hypercellular marrow was provided by T1-weighted and water-selective magnetic resonance imaging. The findings in the patient were compared with those in a matched healthy volunteer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01702650
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  • 73
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    Engraftment of precursor lesions of human cutaneous neoplasms onto C.B-17 SCID mice: A useful in vivo experimental model of carcinogenesis in human skin (1995)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 287 (1995), S. 237-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Epidermal malignancies ; Immunohistochemistry ; Human skin (experimental model) ; Neoplastic cells ; SCID mouse ; Xenografts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Using a full-thickness skin grafting technique, lesional skin from various human neoplastic and preneoplastic skin diseases was transplanted onto SCID (severe combined immunodeficiency) mice. Of 27 grafted lesions, 21 were successfully accepted by the mice and maintained in good condition. All these accepted grafts were finally excised 10–101 days after transplantation for histological examination. In most grafts, the characteristic histological configurations of each disease were well preserved. Immunohistochemical study using monoclonal antibodies to human blood group antigens ABH revealed that some elements of the grafts such as sweat glands were clearly positive, confirming that the tissue was from human skin. Neoplastic (atypical) cells were detected in 9 of 17 accepted grafts containing neoplastic cells from the beginning. The detection rates for neoplastic cells were very high (90%) in grafts from precursor lesions of squamous cell carcinomas such as Bowen's disease (5/5 specimens) and thermal keratosis (2/3). In contrast, no definite neoplastic cells were found in two grafts from extramammary Paget's disease and five grafts from the radial growth component of malignant melanoma. In most of the grafts from latter two diseases, characteristic histological configurations such as elongation of the rete ridges were maintained, suggesting that the neoplastic cells were selectively eliminated from the grafts. Split-thickness grafts of normal human skin were accepted and remained in a good condition for as long as 6 months. Engraftment of human lesional and non-lesional skin onto SCID mice therefore may well provide a useful in vivo experimental model of human skin diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01105072
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  • 74
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    Electronic Resource
    Histopathological and immunohistochemical changes in psoriatic skin during peptide T treatment (1995)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 287 (1995), S. 553-557 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Peptide T ; Histological score ; Immunohistochemistry ; CD1+ dendritic cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Ten patients with plaque-type psoriasis were treated with 2 mg peptide T i.v. for 28 days. Six patients responded with a substantial clinical improvement. Sequential biopsies from skin lesions were taken before, during and after treatment. The histological score (defining the activity of the psoriasis), the epidermal thickness and the number of infiltrating dermal lymphocytes were all reduced in the six patients who responded to the treatment. An increase in the number of CD1+ dendritic cells was detected immunohistochemically in the epidermis of the responders. The nonresponders did not display any pronounced changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00374075
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  • 75
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    Expression of the p53 protein in malignant melanomas as a prognostic indicator (1995)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 287 (1995), S. 146-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Melanoma prognosis ; Tumour suppressor gene p53
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract It is currently widely accepted that the tumour suppressor gene p53 is critically involved in the proliferation and differentiation of tumour cells including melanoma cells. In the present study, we examined 60 cases of primary melanoma to compare the expression of p53 protein with conventional prognostic markers for melanoma such as clinical and histological parameters. No correlation was found between the p53 protein and clinical factors except for the presence of a metastatic node and development to clinical stage II. However, the expression of p53 protein was significantly associated with tumour thickness over 1.5 mm, levels IV and V of invasion, the presence of ulceration, and high mitotic rate for 5-year survival rate. Although many questions still remain to be answered, our results and those of others for various other malignant tumours, implicate p53 in malignant transformation of pigment cells. Indeed, it could be a new marker for an unfavourable prognosis of malignant melanoma, even though the gene mutation in this highly lethal tumour has yet to be established.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01262323
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  • 76
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    Biochemical and immunohistochemical analysis of cathepsins B, H, L and D in human melanocytic tumours (1995)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 287 (1995), S. 266-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Cathepsins B, H, L and D ; Melanocytic tumour ; Biochemistry ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We carried out biochemical and immunohistochemical analyses of cathepsins B, H, L and D in human melanocytic tumours using monospecific antibodies against rat cathepsins. In Western blot analysis, anti-rat cathepsin antibodies reacted with the cathepsins from normal human tissues and human malignant melanoma. However, the molecular profiles of the cathepsins from human melanoma were slightly different from those of the rat cathepsins, suggesting a distinct intracellular processing mechanism for cathepsins in human melanoma. Although cathepsins B, H, L and D were expressed in primary and metastatic melanomas and pigmented naevi immunohistochemically, the intensity of staining in metastatic melanomas was stronger than in primary melanomas and pigmented naevi. These findings suggest that anti-rat cathepsin antibodies may be useful in biochemical and/or immunohistochemical analysis of human melanocytic tumours.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01105077
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  • 77
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    Topical application of calcitriol alters expression of filaggrin but not keratin K1 in mouse epidermis (1995)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 287 (1995), S. 480-487 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Cell differentiation ; Pulse labelling ; Cell kinetics ; 5-Bromo-2-deoxyuridine ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Calcitriol (1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) and its analogues are antiproliferative agents which promote epidermal differentiation in vitro, possibly reflecting their modes of action in the treatment of psoriasis. We examined the effect of calcitriol on early and late terminal differentiation in mouse epidermis in vivo using an immunofluorescence assay to detect keratin K1 and filaggrin expression. Pulse labelling with the tymidine analogue 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdUrd) was performed by intraperitoneal injection of mice immediately or 16 h after a single topical application of 0.72 nmol calcitriol. The BrdUrd labelling index (LI) and keratin K1 or filaggrin expression of postmitotic cell cohorts were scored by paired immunofluorescence staining for up to 72 h after BrdUrd labelling. Calcitriol induced cell proliferation as shown by a 100% increase in the BrdUrd LI 17 h after application. The onset of keratin K1 expression in the postmitotic period was, however, unchanged in both series after calcitriol treatment. Filaggrin expression appeared earlier after calcitriol treatment than in control epidermis, probably reflecting altered cell kinetics with increased epidermal turnover. The results suggest that calcitriol only influences the later stages of the keratinocyte differentiation programme, possibly secondarily to its hyperproliferative effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00373432
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  • 78
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    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic resonance imaging reveals a markedly inhomogeneous distribution of marrow cellularity in a patient with myelodysplasia (1995)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 71 (1995), S. 143-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Key words Myelodysplasic syndrome ; Leukemia ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Bone marrow biopsy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A 47-year-old male patient with myelodysplasia showed increasing values of serum lactate dehydrogenase (up to 3500 units/l) and an increasing blast count. Several biopsies (taken from the posterior iliac crest) revealed marked hypocellularity. In contrast, magnetic resonance imaging of the marrow demonstrated an inhomogeneous distribution of marrow with hypocellular and also large hypercellular areas not detected by cytological and histological analysis. A location for biopsy of hypercellular marrow was provided by T1-weighted and water-selective magnetic resonance imaging. The findings in the patient were compared with those in a matched healthy volunteer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01702650
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  • 79
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    Electronic Resource
    Updated management strategy for patients with cervical osteophytic dysphagia (1995)
    Springer
    Dysphagia 10 (1995), S. 167-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0460
    Keywords: Dysphagia ; Osteophyte ; Cervical spine ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Carcinoma ; Surgery ; Deglutition ; Deglutition disorders
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Anterior cervical osteophytes impinging upon the pharynx or esophagus constitute a rare cause of dysphagia. In severe cases, surgical removal of these osteophytes can provide symptomatic relief. We describe a patient of this type who failed to improve postoperatively, only to be found subsequently to have a carcinoma of the base of the tongue. To assist other clinicians in evaluating similar patients, and also to emphasize the great utility of modern radiologic techniques in these cases, we propose a diagnostic algorithm that incorporates magnetic resonance or computerized tomographic imaging.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00260972
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  • 80
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    Giant Gartner duct cyst: Magnetic resonance imaging findings (1995)
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 20 (1995), S. 566-568 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Genitourinary tract abnormalities ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Pelcic cysts ; Congenital anomalies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Gartner duct cysts derive from remnants of the vaginal portion of the mesonephric (Wolffian) ducts. In cases of incomplete regression of these ducts, cysts can develop due to secretory activity [1]. Clinically, those cysts are usually asymptomatic, their size not exceeding 2 cm in diameter. In rare cases with larger cysts, the presence of dyspareunia and problems in obstetric delivery are described [2, 3]. We present a case of a histologically proven symptomatic Gartner duct cyst with a size of 16 ×15×8 cm. To my knowledge, this is the largest Gartner duct cyst ever reported in the imaging literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01256713
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  • 81
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    Portal blood flow in the presence or absence of diffuse liver disease: measurement by phase contrast MR imaging (1995)
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 20 (1995), S. 197-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Flow dynamics ; Portal vein ; Liver cirrhosis ; Chronic hepatitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: In patients with diffuse liver disease, the portal flow dynamics change markedly in accordance with disease progression and would provide a useful index of progression of stage. Methods: Portal blood flow (PBF) was measured by phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 21 patients with diffuse liver disease and 20 healthy volunteers. The MRI method was validated by a flow phantom study. The mean PBF could be measured in 6.8 min without breath-holding. Results: Doppler ultrasound measurements of PBF volume were obtained reproducibly in all the healthy volunteers and were shown to correlate with the MRI values (Doppler: 12.5 ±3.2 cm3/s, MRI: 12.0 ± 3.3 cm3/s; mean ± SD). The PBF volume of patients with chronic hepatitis showed no significant difference from that of the healthy volunteers. In patients with liver cirrhosis, the PBF volume ranged from 5.01 to 32.3 cm3/s. A significant increase in PBF volume was caused in one patient by massive intrahepatic shunting and a significant decrease was caused in two patients by massive extrahepatic shunting. Conclusions: The measurement of PBF by phase contrast MRI is clinically useful in predicting intrahepatic or extrahepatic shunting in patients with liver cirrhosis, and may be of value in detecting the progression of stage in diffuse liver diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00200392
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  • 82
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    Imaging of prostate cancer (1995)
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 20 (1995), S. 505-515 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Prostate neoplasms ; Ultrasound ; Doppler ultrasonography ; Radionuclide studies ; Computerized tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Monoclonal antibodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment is fast emerging as a major health care issue in the United States. However, there are great uncertainties about the value of specific tests and therapies. Imaging modalities play a major role in the current management of patients with prostate cancer and this role is likely to expand in the future. Transrectal ultrasound is used to identify non-palpable lesions, direct systematic biopsies, determine gland volume and stage prostate cancers. For staging skeletal metastases, the bone scan is acknowledged as the best method, however controversy surrounds its routine use in patients with low prostate specific antigen (PSA) values. Computed tomography (CT) and transrectal ultrasound have limited value in detecting extracapsular disease but CT can be used in conjunction with percutaneous biopsy to identify nodal metastases. The role of Endorectal coil MRI is currently evolving in the wake of a disappointing multiinstitutional trial but MRI still holds the most promise for accurately detecting local extent of prostate cancer. New radiolabeled techniques with monoclonal antibodies and peptide imaging are also having early but promising results. The role of imaging in prostate cancer is continuing to evolve as technology and knowledge about prostate cancer biology improves and health care economics force a more judicious use of imaging resources.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01256700
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  • 83
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    Fibrous pseudotumor of the tunica vaginalis testis: imaging appearance (1995)
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 20 (1995), S. 379-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Paratesticular ; Fibrous pseudotumor ; Tunica vaginalis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Ultrasound ; Hemiscrotum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Fibrous pseudotumor is a benign paratesticular tumor that typically presents as a painless mass of the hemiscrotum. Because this tumor can mimic a malignant process, it is usually not diagnosed preoperatively. We describe a case of fibrous pseudotumor of the tunica vaginalis, demonstrating the ultrasound and magnetic resonance image (MRI) appearance with pathologic correlation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00203377
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  • 84
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    Electronic Resource
    MRI of pelvic neurofibromatosis (1995)
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 20 (1995), S. 176-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Neurofibroma ; Prostate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Pelvic neurofibromatosis is a rare disease and rarely involves the prostate. A 19-year-old male presented with irritative and obstructive voiding symptoms. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a large mass extending from the sacral promontory to the perirectal and perivesical spaces and to the proximal root of the penis. The mass also involved the prostate. The characteristics of the mass were highly suggestive for neurofibroma. Prostate biopsy showed neurofibroma, and the immunohistochemistry stain for S-100 protein was positive.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00201533
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  • 85
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    Gravid uterine dehiscence: MR findings (1995)
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 20 (1995), S. 486-488 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Rupture, uterine ; Pregnancy, complications ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Gravid uterine rupture can be a difficult diagnosis, both clinically and radiologically. Ultrasound has been successful in detection of some indirect signs of uterine rupture but thus far has shown little success in demonstrating the myometrial defect. We present the MR findings in a case of gravid uterine dehiscence in which the actual uterine wall defect was well demonstrated. Gross pathologic correlation is provided.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01213280
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  • 86
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    Adrenocortical adenoma containing a fat component: CT and MR image evaluation (1995)
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 20 (1995), S. 489-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Adrenal glands ; Adrenocortical adenoma ; Adipose tissue ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A case of adrenocortical adenoma containing small adipose foci is presented. A small amount of fat within the mass led to an erroneous preoperative diagnosis of myelolipoma. Adrenal adenoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of adrenal mass containing fat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01213281
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  • 87
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    Multiple ekkrine Spiradenome Histologische Assoziation mit dermalem Zylindrom* (1995)
    Springer
    Der Hautarzt 46 (1995), S. 651-655 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1173
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Multiple ekkrine Spiradenome ; Dermales Zylindrom ; Multiple Trichoepitheliome ; Immunhistochemie ; Key words Multiple eccrine spiradenomata ; Dermal cylindroma ; Multiple trichoepitheliomata ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A case of multiple eccrine spiradenomata is reported. One of the tumours was histopathologically associated with dermal cylindroma, and immunohistochemical studies showed that the cylindroma cells differentiate towards the secreting portion of the eccrine sweat gland. The relationship among multiple eccrine spiradenomata, dermal cylindroma and multiple trichoepitheliomata is discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird über eine 46jährige Patientin mit multiplen ekkrinen Spiradenomen berichtet. Es zeigte sich hierbei histopathologisch die Assoziation mit einem dermalen Zylindrom. Immunhistochemisch zeigte das Zylindrom eine Differenzierung in Richtung auf den sezernierenden Teil der ekkrinen Schweißdrüsen. Der Zusammenhang zwischen multiplen ekkrinen Spiradenomen und dermalen Zylindromen sowie multiplen Trichoepitheliomen wird besprochen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001050050314
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  • 88
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    Atypically located Peyronie's disease: imaging findings (1995)
    Springer
    European radiology 5 (1995), S. 669-671 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Peyronie's disease (IPP) ; Endoluminal ultrasound ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Corpus spongiosum ; Corpus cavernosum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report the case of a 44-year-old male presenting with deviation of the penis during erection. Upon physical and clinical examination the patient did not have the typical findings of Peyronie's disease, therefore he was admitted for further evaluation by conventional sonography, duplex Doppler ultrasound, endourethral ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Endourethral ultrasound and MRI provided evidence of Peyronie's disease with atypical involvement of the corpus spongiosum and, in addition, demonstrated nonpalpable plaques in the septum of the penis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00190941
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  • 89
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    Oxytocinergic innervation to the upper thoracic sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the rat (1995)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 107 (1995), S. 9-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Sympathetic preganglionic neurons ; Oxytocin ; Cholera toxin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A combination of retrograde cell body labeling and immunohistochemistry was employed to elucidate how oxytocinergic fibers make contact with sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPNs) in the rat spinal cord from T1 to T4. SPNs were labeled retrogradely using cholera toxin subunit B (CTb) or horseradish peroxidase-conjugated CTb. Oxytocin-immunoreactive (ir) fibers were found in the intermediate zone, including the sympathetic preganglionic subnuclei. In the central autonomie nucleus and the intercalated nucleus, brown-stained oxytocin-ir varicosities or terminals were frequently observed to stud black-stained dendrites of SPNs. Electron microscopical observations showed that oxytocin-ir terminals form synapses with dendrites or soma of the sympathetic preganglionic neurons. The terminals contained numerous small clear round vesicles and a few large, cored vesicles. These results clearly show that a large proportion of SPNs are innervated by oxytocin-containing fibers. The origin of these fibers is discussed, and it is concluded that they are probably descending fibers from the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00228011
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  • 90
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    PDGF and its receptors following facial nerve axotomy in rats: expression in neurons and surrounding glia (1995)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 102 (1995), S. 415-422 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Platelet-derived growth factor ; Receptors ; Facial nerve ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We investigated the expression of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and its receptors in rat facial nuclei following axotomy by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Facial nuclei were examined on days 3, 6, 12, 19 and 26 postoperatively (p.o.). Strong immunoreactivity for PDGF was found in facial neurons and surrounding astrocytes on the ipsilateral side of the brainstem already after 3 days p.o. and persisted at a high level until day 26 p.o. in rats with a facial nerve cut injury. After crushing of the facial nerve, a similar increase was seen in PDGF immunoreactivity which, however, decreased after day 19 p.o., when reinnervation had occurred. Reactive gliosis appeared on the operated side and was confirmed by an increase in intensity of GFAP staining. The kinetics of PDGF A-chain mRNA expression corresponded to the PDGF immunoreactivity, whereas the B-chain mRNA was present only in the neurons. The PDGF α-receptor immunoreactivity as well as the mRNA were detected in scattered glial cells. The density of the PDGF α-receptor mRNA expressing glial cells was higher on the injured side, but the intensity of the expression per cell did not change after axotomy. An increase in PDGF β-receptor immunoreactivity was seen in the ipsilateral facial nuclei after 3–6 days p.o., however, the increase in the mRNA could not be detected. The staining persisted until day 26 p.o., when transected facial neurons showed heavier staining than those that had been crushed. Furthermore, both mRNA and protein of the β-receptor were expressed in the blood vessels after 3–6 days p.o., increasing with time. These results imply a role for PDGF in the regeneration process following nerve injury.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00230646
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  • 91
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    Meningioangiomatosis: advanced imaging and pathological study of two cases (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 120-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Meningioangioma-tosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Malignant meningioma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Meningioangiomatosis (MA) is a rare benign intracranial tumour of uncertain pathogenesis, with only 33 cases reported in the literature. Imaging features have been described in 21 cases, only 3 with contrast-enhanced MRI. We present two cases of MA with MRI and/or CT findings and gross, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical characteristics. MRI is particularly helpful for establishing the origin of the lesion and its anatomical location, while CT shows calcification, if present. The pathological characteristics establish the diagnosis and underline the differences from other entities such as malignant meningioma, one of the most important differential diagnostic considerations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588625
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  • 92
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    Electronic Resource
    Superficial siderosis in the central nervous system (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 127-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Central nervous sys- ; tem ; Siderosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe a rare entity, superficial siderosis of the central nervous system, due to multiple small episodes of subarachnoid haemorrhage from any source. Nonspecific neurological findings are associated with deposition of iron-containing pigments in the leptomeninges and superficial layers of the cortex. T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging demonstrates characteristic low signal in the meninges.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588627
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  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The corpus callosum in communicating and noncommunicating hydrocephalus (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 212-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Corpus callosum ; Hydrocephalus ; Dementia ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To investigate morphological changes in the corpus callosum in hydrocephalus and to correlate them with clinical findings we studied sagittal T2*-weighted cine MR images of 163 patients with hydrocephalus. The height, length and cross-sectional area of the corpus callosum were measured and related to the type of cerebrospinal fluid flow anomaly and to clinical features, especially dementia. With expansion of the lateral ventricles the corpus callosum showed mainly elevation of its body and, to a lesser degree, increase in length. Upward bowing was more pronounced in noncommunicating than in communicating hydrocephalus. Dorsal impingement on the corpus callosum by the free edge of the falx correlated with the height of the corpus callosum. Cross-sectional area did not correlate with either height, length or impingement; it was, however, the strongest anatomical discriminator between demented and nondemented patients. The area of the corpus callosum was significantly smaller in patients with white matter disease. Our findings suggest that, due to its plasticity, the corpus callosum can to some degree resist distortion in hydrocephalus. Dementia, although statistically related to atrophy of the corpus callosum, is possibly more directly related to white matter disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01578260
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  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI of intramedullary cavernous haemangiomas (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 297-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Angiographically occult malformation ; Spinal arteriovenous malformation ; Cavernous malformation ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We reviewed 11 cases of intramedullary cavernous haemangiomas (IMCH) studied by MRI, to assess its diagnostic value in these lesions. Follow-up MRI was obtained in five patients 7 days-2 years following the initial study. In one case a postoperative examination was obtained. The diagnosis was pathologically proven in ten cases, and supported in the last by a family and personal history of cavernous haemangiomas. A reticulate appearance with areas of mixed signal intensity in both T1-and T2-weighted images was the most common finding. Homogeneous high, low or intermediate signal intensity was each found in one case, Two small lesions gave low signal. A rim of low signal was less common than in cerebral cavernous haemangiomas. In one case, the brain showed more than 20 lesions with the MRI appearances of cavernous haemangiomas. In two of five patients, serial preoperative MRI showed progressive disappearance of high-signal areas on both T1-and T2-weighted images. To find a haemorrhagic intramedullary lesion on MRI is not rare. Although the appearances are not pathognomonic, an IMCH can be suggested. We suggest that the following characteristics may help: (1) a personal and/or family history of cavernous haemangiomas; (2) typical MRI appearances of mixed acute, subacute and chronic haemorrhage; (3) a tendency for signal intensity to decrease on follow-up; (4) normal spinal angiography; and (5) associated brain lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588339
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  • 95
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    Electronic Resource
    MRI of spinal epidural lymphoma (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 303-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Spine ; neoplasm ; Lymphoma ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We reviewed the MRI features in eight patients with spinal epidural lymphoma (clinically primary in 4 patients); one patient had multiple lesions. The cervical spine was involved in one patient, the thoracolumbar spine in 5 and the sacrum in two. Mean longitudinal extension of the epidural lesion was 2.6 vertebral segments. The tumours were homogeneously isointense with the spinal cord on T1-weighted images and isointense or hyperintense on proton-density and T2-weighted images. The spinal cord was compressed in four patients but showed signal changes in only one. In five patients the lesions communicated through the intervertebral foramina with paravertebral soft tissue masses. In all but one of the patients diffuse signal changes in the vertebral body marrow consistent with osteolytic or osteoblastic changes were identified adjacent to or at distance from the epidural lesion. Vertebral collapse was observed in two patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588341
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  • 96
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    Electronic Resource
    MRI in the investigation of patients with myelopathy thought to be due to multiple sclerosis (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 384-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Myelopathy ; Demyelinating disease ; Multiple sclerosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The role of cerebral and spinal cord MRI was investigated in 65 patients with myelopathy suspected of having demyelinating disease. Cerebral MRI demonstrated lesions compatible with demyelination in 80 % and spinal cord MRI in 68.6 %. In 28.5 % of our patients brain lesions were present with normal spinal cord images, but in 17 % spinal cord lesions were depicted with a normal brain MRI. The combination of the two examinations demonstrated lesions in 97 % of the patients. The frequency of coexistent cerebral lesions in patients with spinal cord lesions was over 85 % in patients with chronic disease but only 28.5 % in patients with acute myelitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588019
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Status epilepticus presenting as progressive dysphasia (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 438-439 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Progressive dysphasia ; Status epilepticus ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Status epilepticus is usually a straightforward diagnosis when a patient has two or more seizures without regaining consciousness. However, when status is nonconvulsive and, in particular, has a temporal lobe flavour the clinical presentation may be misleading. Presentation with automatic or psychic behaviour is well recorded. We report a patient with nonconvulsive status who presented with progressive dysphasia with widespread CT and MRI changes. The dysphasia and imaging changes led to a diagnosis of a probable neoplastic brain process but reversed with anticonvulsant treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00600083
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serial MRI in early Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease with a point mutation of prion protein at codon 180 (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 531-534 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Prion protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a 66-year-old woman with histologically diagnosed Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (CJD), followed with MRI from an early clinical stage. MRI demonstrated expansion of the high cortical signal on T2-weighted images, which differs from previous MRI reports of CJD. This patient followed an atypical clinical course: 16 months had passed before she developed akinetic mutism, and periodic sharp waves had not been detected on EEG after 2 years in spite of her akinetic mutism. Brain biopsy showed primary spongiform changes in the grey matter, and a point mutation of the prion protein gene at codon 180 was discovered using polymerase chain reaction direct sequencing and Tth 111 I cutting. This is the first case with the point mutation of the codon 180 variant with an atypical clinical course and characteristic MRI findings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00593711
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Classification of brain compartments and head injury lesions by neural networks applied to MRI (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 535-541 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Head injury ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Neural networks
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An automatic, neural network-based approach was applied to segment normal brain compartments and lesions on MR images. Two supervised networks, backpropagation (BPN) and counterpropagation, and two unsupervised networks, Kohonen learning vector quantizer and analog adaptive resonance theory, were trained on registered T2-weighted and proton density images. The classes of interest were background, gray matter, white matter, cerebrospinal fluid, macrocystic encephalomalacia, gliosis, and “unknown.” A comprehensive feature vector was chosen to discriminate these classes. The BPN combined with feature conditioning, multiple discriminant analysis followed by Hotelling transform, produced the most accurate and consistent classification results. Classifications of normal brain compartments were generally in agreement with expert interpretation of the images. Macrocystic encephalomalacia and gliosis were recognized and, except around the periphery, classified in agreement with the clinician's report used to train the neural network.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00593713
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  • 100
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    Electronic Resource
    Resolution of pachymeningeal enhancement following dural puncture and blood patch (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 557-558 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Meninges ; Contrast enhancement ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe thickening and contrast enhancement of the intracranial pachymeninges, revealed by MRI in a patient with presumed low-pressure headache following dural puncture and a blood patch. The clinical and radiological abnormalities resolved within 2 weeks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00593719
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