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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rice body formation in bicipito-radial bursitis: ultrasound, CT, and MRI findings (1998)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 27 (1998), S. 30-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Rice bodies ; Bursitis ; Bicipito-radial bursa ; MRI ; Ultrasound ; CT
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The bicipito-radial bursa, which lies at the biceps tendon insertion on the radial tuberosity, is a rare site of chronic bursitis. We describe the clinical, radiological, and pathological findings in a case complicated by multiple rice body formation. In so doing, we describe MR appearances that allow discrimination of this entity from both synovial chondromatosis and pigmented villonodular synovitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050331
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tuberculous gluteal abscess without bone involvement (1998)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 27 (1998), S. 36-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Abscess ; Tuberculosis ; gluteal ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A cold abscess secondary to tuberculous spondylitis or osteomyelitis is a well-recognized entity. However, a soft tissue tuberculous abscess without bone involvement is rare. We present such a case.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050333
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI follow-up of pisiform bone transposition for treatment of lunatomalacia (1998)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 27 (1998), S. 26-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Pisiform bone transposition ; MRI ; Lunatomalacia ; Asceptic bone necrosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Objective. Transposition of the pisiform bone is an operative treatment for lunatomalacia. The postoperative viability of the transposed pisiform bone is difficult to assess. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the utility of MRI for postoperative assessment of viability of the pisiform and lunate bones. Design and patients. Six patients who underwent transposition of the pisiform for treatment of lunatomalacia, were assessed pre- and postoperatively with conventional radiographs (including tomography), CT and MRI. Results. Conventional radiographs, conventional tomograms and CT were all useful in demonstrating the location of the transposed pisiform. CT showed the transposed pisiform without superposition. However, neither CT nor conventional techniques provided information regarding viability of the pisiform. In all patients investigated in the first year following surgery, T1-weighted MR images showed high signal intensity in the transposed bones. In all patients investigated after 1 year, the signal intensity decreased to an intermediate level on T1-weighted images. Enhancement following contrast medium administration in the transposed pisiform and the lunate was noted in all patients, indicative of viability. Conclusion. Contrast-enhanced MRI is able to provide important information regarding the viability of the transposed pisiform and the remaining parts of the lunate. Thus, contrast-enhanced MRI provides an improved means of postoperative assessment regarding short-term follow-up following pisiform transposition. In the long-term follow-up conventional radiography and CT may be equal to MRI in showing increasing sclerosis and/or fragmentation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050330
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ossifying fibromyxoid tumor resembling parosteal osteosarcoma (1998)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 27 (1998), S. 578-580 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Ossifying fibromyxoid tumor ; Surface osteosarcoma ; CT ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Ossifying fibromyxoid tumor (OFMT) is a rare soft tissue neoplasm which varies in the amount of bone tissue laid down. We report on a case of OFMT in a 59-year-old male which mimicked a large parosteal osteosarcoma on radiography, MRI, and CT. T1-weighted MR images showed high-intensity areas which reflected fatty marrow. The metaplastic bone was connected to the cortex of the femur, but the tumor did not involve the medullary cavity. The tumor was irradiated and the patient was administered chemotherapy. Wide excision of the tumor and hip rotation plasty was performed. The patient has been disease free for 18 months.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050441
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Posterior labrocapsular periosteal sleeve avulsion complicating locked posterior shoulder dislocation (1998)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 27 (1998), S. 588-590 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Shoulder ; Trauma ; Dislocation ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  This case presents the imaging features of a posterior shoulder dislocation complicated by a rare but surgically relevant lesion of the posterior labrum. Due to the attachment of the posterior capsule to the posterior portion of the labrum, which in itself is attached to the posterior scapular periosteum, stripping of the labrum by the posterior capsule resulted in a posterior labrocapsular periosteal sleeve avulsion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050444
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Closed ruptures of the flexor digitorum tendons: MRI evaluation (1998)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 27 (1998), S. 617-624 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Finger ; Hand ; injuries ; Hand ; MRI ; Magnetic resonance (MR) ; treatment planning ; Tendon rupture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Objective. To assess the MRI findings in cases of closed rupture of the flexor digitorum tendons (FDT). Patients and design. Ten patients with a clinical suspicion of rupture of FDT underwent MRI before surgery. None of the patients presented a skin injury. Fingers were imaged using axial T1-weighted SE sequences, three-dimensional GE images, and curved reconstructions. Results. Twelve FDT had surgical confirmation of rupture. Flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) and flexor pollicis longus (FPL) tendons were more frequently ruptured (n=8) than flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) tendons (n=4). MR images accurately depicted the level of the rupture. The gap between the tendon ends (mean 45 mm, range 21–70 mm) was assessed best with curved reconstructions and was well correlated with the surgical findings. The proximal end mainly retracted into the palm or the carpal tunnel (n=8), and less frequently into the digital canal (n=4). In two cases, the proximal end curled up in the palm, clinically simulating a rupture of a lumbrical muscle in one case. MRI also showed the appearance of the adjacent tendons. Conclusion. MRI accurately depicted the level of rupture and the gap between the tendon ends, which assisted the surgical choice between suture, graft or tendon transfer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050447
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Castleman’s disease of the erector spinae muscle (1998)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 27 (1998), S. 637-640 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Castleman’s disease ; Soft tissues ; MRI ; Ultrasound ; Embolisation ; Angiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Castleman’s disease, angio-follicular lymph node hyperplasia, is a relatively rare benign tumour. It typically arises in the mediastinum. We report a unique case arising in the erector spinae muscle. The case demonstrates the importance of radiological investigation and embolisation prior to obtaining a tissue diagnosis and subsequent surgical excision.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050450
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chondroblastic osteosarcoma: characterisation by gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging correlated with histopathology (1998)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 27 (1998), S. 145-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Osteosarcoma ; Sarcoma ; Cartilage ; Bone neoplasms ; MRI ; Gadolinium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Objective. To identify specific features of chondroblastic osteosarcoma on gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd)-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Design and patients. Nine patients with chondroblastic osteosarcoma and a control group of 20 patients with conventional central osteosarcoma were included in this study. The histopathological findings of the surgical specimens were compared with enhancement patterns on static Gd-enhanced MR images. Results. In chondroblastic osteosarcoma septonodular and peripheral rim enhancement represented tumour with a pure chondroid matrix. Non-enhancing and heterogeneous enhancing areas represented tumour with both chondroid and osteoid matrix. In the tumours in the control group enhancement was predominantly heterogeneous but in one it was homogeneous. All these areas corresponded to necrotic or viable osteoid tumour tissue or fibrovascular tissue in areas of necrosis. Conclusion. Gd-enhanced MR imaging can assist in obtaining diagnostic biopsy material of chondroblastic osteosarcoma by identifying both osteoid- and chondroid-forming areas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050354
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI of pediatric growth plate injury: correlation with plain film radiographs and clinical outcome (1998)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 27 (1998), S. 250-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Growth plate injury ; Trauma ; MRI ; Paediatric fracture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Purpose. To evaluate pediatric growth plate injuries with conventional radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). To review potential clinical impact of MRI on subsequent patient management and outcome. Methods. Fourteen patients with known or suspected growth plate injury were studied. Each patient underwent imaging by conventional radiography and MRI within 2 weeks of injury. Findings on conventional radiographs and on MR images were compared and then correlated with subsequent management and outcome at a mean of 12 months. Results. Direct visualization of cartilage afforded by MRI improved evaluation of growth plate injury in each case. MRI changed Salter Harris classification or staging in 2 of 9 patients with fractures visualized on conventional radiographs, allowed the detection of radiographically occult fractures in 5 of 14 cases, and resulted in a physical change in management in 5 of the 14 patients studied. Conclusion. MRI has an important role in the evaluation of acute pediatric growth plate injury, particularly when diagnostic uncertainty persists following the evaluation of conventional radiographs. MRI allows detection of occult fractures, may alter Salter Harris staging, and in the reported study it frequently resulted in a change in patient management.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050376
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI of fractures of the distal radius: comparison with conventional radiographs (1998)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 27 (1998), S. 244-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Fracture ; Distal radius ; Radiograph ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Objective. To compare the evaluation of fractures of the distal radius with MRI and conventional radiographs. To demonstrate the ability of MRI to detect unsuspected soft tissue derangement accompanying this common injury. Design and patients. Twenty-one consecutive inpatients admitted following fracture of the distal radius underwent preoperative evaluation with both conventional radiographs and MRI. In each case, analysis was made of both the osseous and soft tissue injury. MRI findings were compared with those identified on conventional radiographs and at subsequent surgical fixation. Results. Of 21 patients with fractures of the distal radius, 20 had extension to the radiocarpal articulation, 14 had distal radio-ulnar joint extension and 5 had avulsion of the ulnar styloid.Occult carpal bone fractures accompanying fracture of the distal radius were identified in two patients: one of the capitate and the other of the second metacarpal base. Ten patients (48%) had associated soft tissue injury: six patients had scapholunate ligament rupture, two patients had disruption of the triangular fibrocartilage, one patient had extensor carpi ulnaris tenosynovitis and one patient had a tear of a dorsal radiocarpal ligament. Of five patients with ulnar styloid avulsions, none had evidence of triangular fibrocartilage tears. Conclusion. MRI affords better evaluation of osseous injury accompanying distal radial fractures than conventional radiographs. Intra-articular soft tissue injury accompanies distal radial fractures in almost 50% of cases. Scapholunate ligament disruption commonly accompanies intra-articular fracture through the lunate facet of the distal radius. Fracture of the ulnar styloid is infrequently associated with tear of the triangular fibrocartilage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050375
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia associated with intramuscular myxomas: Mazabraud’s syndrome (1998)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 27 (1998), S. 278-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Fibrous dysplasia ; Soft tissue tumor ; Intramuscular myxoma ; MRI ; Mazabraud’s syndrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Mazabraud’s syndrome, though uncommon, is reported increasingly frequently. It represents an entity readily recognisable radiologically on MR imaging. Awareness of the syndrome, particularly when the myxoma is solitary, can prevent misdiagnosis of intramuscular myxomas (especially when large) as malignant mesenchymal tumors containing myxoid tissue. We review the 34 cases previously reported in the literature and include a recent case from our center.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050381
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Merkel cell carcinoma of the abdominal wall (1998)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 27 (1998), S. 396-399 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Merkel cell carcinoma ; Satellite nodule ; CT ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Merkel cell carcinoma is a rare highly malignant tumour. There have been previous descriptions of the CT appearances of this tumour, but to our knowledge this is the first MRI description. MRI may be a more sensitive method of initial evaluation of the local extension of the primary tumour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050406
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Indirect MR arthrography of anterior shoulder instability in the ABER and the apprehension test positions: a prospective comparative study of two different shoulder positions during MRI using intravenous gadodiamide contrast for enhancement of the joint fluid (1998)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 27 (1998), S. 488-494 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Shoulder instability ; MRI ; Indirect arthrography ; Apprehension test position ; ABER position ; Bankart lesion ; Hill-Sachs lesion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Objective. The value of MRI for the evaluation of anterior shoulder instability can be enhanced by shoulder positions that stress the stabilising structures. The ABER position is one that has been described in combination with intra-articular gadopentetate dimeglumine arthrography. We believe that MRI in the Apprehension test position with 90° abduction and maximal tolerable external rotation provides maximum tension on the anterior stabilising structures and with this technique it is sufficient to use indirect gadodiamide arthrography following intravenous injection of the contrast medium. The purpose of this study was to make a prospective comparative evaluation of the ABER and Apprehension test positions when using indirect arthrography with intravenous gadodiamide administration in shoulders with anterior instability. Design and patients. Sixteen patients with persistent anterior instability after recurrent shoulder dislocations were examined in an open MRI unit (0.2 T) following 0.1 mmol/kg of intravenous gadodiamide. Oblique axial T1-weighted imaging was used for analysis. Operative findings were used for correlation. Results. Both the ABER and the Apprehension test position were useful techniques in detecting capsulolabral pathology and Hill-Sachs lesions. The Apprehension test position produced significantly better gadodiamide-enhanced joint fluid in the region of pathology in both the capsulolabral lesion and the Hill-Sachs lesion. It also visualised the size of the Hill-Sachs lesion significantly better than did the ABER position. Conclusion. MRI examination of anterior shoulder instability in the Apprehension test position was more beneficial than examination in the ABER position in visualising capsulolabral and Hill-Sachs lesions when using indirect arthrography.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050425
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nontuberculous mycobacterial bursitis and arthritis of the shoulder (1998)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 27 (1998), S. 33-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Arthritis ; septic ; Shoulder ; arthritis ; Shoulder ; ultrasound ; MRI ; Mycobacteria ; atypical ; Mycobacterium xenopi
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A 56-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus developed septic arthritis and bursitis of the left shoulder due to an atypical mycobacterium, M. xenopi. Plain radiography, ultrasound (US), and MRI were performed. Articular disease by tuberculous and nontuberculous mycobacteria have similar presentations, clinically as well as radiologically, and have to be differentiated from other chronic bacterial or fungal infections, pigmented villonodular synovitis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, hemophilia, and synovial chondromatosis. Although atypical mycobacterial involvement of the skeleton and soft tissues is relatively uncommon, its incidence is increasing, as is the incidence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in western countries. The triad of Phemister is reemphasized, and the US and MRI findings are demonstrated. The definitive diagnosis has to be made by culturing biopsied synovium or synovial fluid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050332
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone: conventional X-ray and MR imaging features (1998)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 27 (1998), S. 552-558 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Malignant fibrous histiocytoma ; Bone tumors ; MRI ; Conventional radiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Objective. To evaluate the conventional X-ray and MR imaging features of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of bone. Design. MRI examinations and conventional radiographs were reviewed in 39 patients with biopsy-proven MFH. Imaging characteristics were analyzed and the differential diagnoses assessed in a masked fashion by two experienced radiologists. Results. Typical X-ray features included aggressive, destructive tumor growth centrally located in the metaphysis of long bones. Periosteal reactions and expansive growth were rarely seen. On MR images extraosseous tumor spread was frequently noted. On T2-weighted images and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images most of the tumors displayed an inhomogeneous, nodular signal pattern with peripheral Gd-DTPA enhancement. Conclusions. Although several MR imaging criteria were typical for MFH none of them was specific. X-ray diagnosis of MFH may also prove difficult, with the main differential diagnosis being metastasis in the older and osteosarcoma in the younger population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050436
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Primary juxtacortical chondrosarcoma dedifferentiating after 20 years (1998)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 27 (1998), S. 569-573 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma ; Juxtacortical ; malignant bone tumours ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  We present the clinical, radiographic and pathological features of a juxtacortical chondrosarcoma which underwent dedifferentiation to an osteosarcoma in a 47-year-old woman. The tumour, abutting the femoral diaphysis, had initially presented 20 years earlier. Local excision was performed at presentation and again 10 years later, but the tumour recurred on each occasion. Serial radiographs showed cortical saucerisation evolving to cortical buttressing and mounding. After 20 years a dramatic radiographic change heralded tumour dedifferentiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050439
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis of the spine: use of MRI in guiding biopsy (1998)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 27 (1998), S. 673-676 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis ; Spine ; MRI ; Biopsy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The MRI features of two cases of spinal Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis with multilevel involvement are presented in which MRI was of help in differentiating active from inactive healing lesions by the demonstration of signal changes in the vertebral body marrow of the active lesion, manifest as low signal intensity on T1-weighted sequences and high signal intensity on T2-weighted sequences. This distinction could not be made by plain radiography or bone scintigraphy. In cases where biopsy is required for diagnosis, MRI is recommended to guide the biopsy towards levels suggestive of active involvement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050457
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cartilage destruction in small joints by rheumatoid arthritis: assessment of fat-suppressed three-dimensional gradient-echo MR pulse sequences in vitro (1998)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 27 (1998), S. 677-682 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Cartilage ; MR ; Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ; technology ; Rheumatoid arthritis ; diagnostic ; Joints ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Purpose. To assess the accuracy of different MR sequences for the detection of articular cartilage abnormalities in rheumatoid arthritis. Design and patients. Ten metacarpophalangeal joints and 10 metatarsophalangeal joints (specimens from arthritis patients undergoing ablative joint surgery) were examined with a fat-suppressed (FS) 3D FLASH, a FS 3D FISP, a FS 2D fast spin-echo T2-weighted, and a 2D FS spin-echo T1-weighted sequence. Each cartilage lesion and each cortical lesion was graded from 0 to 4 (modified Outerbridge staging system). Subsequently, the results of each sequence were compared with the macroscopic findings and statistically tested against each other. Results. The study shows that 3D gradient-echo sequences with fat suppression were best for imaging and grading of cartilage lesions in arthritis of the small joints of the hands and feet. Using 3D techniques, all grade 2, grade 3, and grade 4 lesions of cartilage or cortical bone were detected. Conclusion. FS 3D gradient-echo techniques were best for the detection and grading of hyaline cartilage and subchondral bone lesions in rheumatoid arthritis. MRI has a great potential as an objective method of evaluating cartilage damage and bone erosions in rheumatoid arthritis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050458
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of bone scintigraphy and MRI in the early diagnosis of the occult scaphoid waist fracture (1998)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 27 (1998), S. 683-687 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Scaphoid ; MRI ; Bone scintigraphy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Objective. To determine the accuracy of MRI in the assessment of the radiographically occult scaphoid fracture. Design. This prospective study compared the sensitivity and specificity of MRI for detection of radiographically occult scaphoid fractures with bone scintigraphy (BS), the currently accepted imaging modality of choice. Consecutive patients with clinical signs of a scaphoid injury but no evidence of fracture on plain radiographs at presentation and after 7–10 days were evaluated by MRI and BS. All images were reported in masked fashion and the sensitivities and specificities of the imaging modalities determined. All patients with a scaphoid fracture demonstrated by MRI or BS were followed for at least a year after injury. Patients. Forty-three subjects (aged 12–74 years) had both MRI and BS carried out on average 19 days from the injury date. Results and conclusions. Six patients (14%) had scaphoid waist fractures. There were other bony injuries in a further six. In 40 patients there was agreement between the BS and MRI findings. In three cases there was discrepancy between the imaging modalities; in all three MRI was found to be the more sensitive and specific. MRI could become the investigation of choice for this injury.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050459
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Treated plasma cell lesions of bone with MRI signs of response to treatment: unexpected pathological findings (1998)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 27 (1998), S. 692-695 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Bone marrow ; MRI ; Plasma cell neoplasms ; Treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Two cases of treated plasma cell lesions of bone are reported for which contrast-enhanced MRI had suggested necrosis, based on lack of enhancement after gadolinium injection, and in which pathologic examinations revealed the presence of extensive viable neoplastic tissue. These cases highlight the need for cautious interpretation of contrast-enhanced MRI signs of response to treatment and inactivity of lesions in the setting of plasma cell neoplasms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050461
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simultaneous occurrence of a supra- and an infratentorial glioma in a patient with Ollier’s disease: more evidence for non-mesodermal tumor predisposition in multiple enchondromatosis (1998)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 27 (1998), S. 688-691 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Ollier’s disease ; Low-grade glioma ; Non-mesodermal tumor ; Brain ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A case is presented in which two neuro-ectodermal tumors, an infra- and a supratentorial glioma, developed in a young man with multiple enchondromatosis of Ollier’s disease. This is the third such case of multifocal low-grade glioma in Ollier’s disease, suggesting a predisposition for non-mesodermal tumors in Ollier’s disease. The related condition of multiple enchondromatosis and hemangiomas (Maffucci’s syndrome) is well known for its malignant potential, developing both mesodermal and non-mesodermal tumors. Along with other authors, we support the concept of two variants of the same disease with a predisposition to development of tumors from various germ layers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050460
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic resonance imaging of elephantiasis neuromatosa (1998)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 27 (1998), S. 696-701 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Neurofibromatosis type 1 ; Plexiform neurofibroma ; Elephantiasis neuromatosa ; MRI ; MR angiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  We present the case of a 43-year-old man with neurofibromatosis type 1 who developed elephantiasis neuromatosa of his left leg. The gross limb enlargement was extremely disfiguring, and resulted in such severe disability that he was only able to walk a very short distance using crutches. Previous debulking procedures had resulted in massive blood loss, and prior to attempting further surgical intervention MRI studies were requested. Taking advantage of the excellent tissue characterisation and multiplanar imaging capabilities of MRI, we were able to assess the extent of soft tissue and osseous involvement. The use of recently developed MR angiographic sequences enabled us to non-invasively provide detailed images to assess the relationship of the lesions to the major vessels, as well as the vascular supply and angiographic features of the lesions themselves. This article describes our MRI-based findings, which precluded debulking surgery in this unusual manifestation of neurofibromatosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050462
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bilateral lunate intraosseous ganglia (1998)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 27 (1998), S. 708-710 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Wrist ; Intraosseous ganglia ; Lunate ; X-ray ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  An intraosseous ganglion is a relatively uncommon, benign, cyst-like lesion that occurs in young and middle-aged adults. Most commonly seen adjacent to the hip, ankle, knee, or wrist, they are histologically identical to their soft tissue counterparts. A review of the literature revealed only two previously reported examples of bilateral symmetrical ganglia of the lunate bones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050465
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mastocytosis: magnetic resonance imaging patterns of marrow disease (1998)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 27 (1998), S. 119-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Mastocytosis ; MRI ; Plain radiographs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Objective. To report the bone marrow MRI findings of patients with mastocytosis and correlate them with clinical, pathologic, and radiographic features. Design and patients. Eighteen patients with mastocytosis had T1-weighted spin echo and short tau inversion recovery MRI of the pelvis at 0.5 T. In each patient the MR pattern of marrow disease was classified according to intensity and uniformity and was correlated with the clinical category of mastocytosis, bone marrow biopsy results, and radiographic findings. Results. Two patients had normal MRI scans and normal bone marrow biopsies. One patient had a normal MRI scan and a marrow biopsy consistent with mastocytosis. Fifteen patients had abnormal MRI scans and abnormal marrow biopsies. There were several different MR patterns of marrow involvement; none was specifically associated with any given clinical category of mastocytosis. Fifteen of the 18 patients had radiographs of the pelvis; of those, 13 with abnormal MRI scans and abnormal marrow biopsies had the following radiographic findings: normal (nine); sclerosis (three); diffuse osteopenia (one). Conclusion. While radiographs are very insensitive for the detection of marrow abnormalities in mastocytosis, MRI is very sensitive and may display several different patterns of marrow involvement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050350
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MR imaging of epicondylitis (1998)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 27 (1998), S. 133-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Elbow injuries ; Epicondylitis ; Elbow ; MRI ; Tendons ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Objective. To systematically evaluate the MR findings in patients with epicondylitis compared with asymptomatic volunteers. Design and patients. We imaged 43 elbows: 24 with epicondylitis (22 lateral, 2 medial) diagnosed by clinical examination, and 19 in 16 normal volunteers. MRI was performed at 1.5 T using axial T1-weighted, axial fat-saturated FSE, and coronal or sagittal Fast STIR sequences. Two independent observers evaluated the images for intratendon signal, tendon thickening, periosteal reaction, fluid in the radial head bursa, and anconeus edema. Results. All 24 patients with epicondylitis had increased signal on fat-saturated FSE and Fast STIR images. Twenty-two of these patients had increased intratendon T1 signal, and 19 had tendon thickening. No patient demonstrated fluid in the radial head bursa or periosteal reaction. Only two patients had subtle anconeus edema, while three patients unexpectedly had increased T2 signal within the involved epicondyle. One asymptomatic volunteer (high-performance athlete) had increased T1 and T2 signal with tendon thickening. An additional two asymptomatic volunteers had increased T1 signal only. Conclusion. MRI of epicondylitis demonstrates tendon thickening with increased T1 and T2 signal, but these findings may be seen in a small minority of asymptomatic individuals. Anconeus edema, previously demonstrated on MRI in epicondylitis, was only rarely found, and distension of the radial head bursa, surgically described, was not seen. Increased marrow T2 signal within the involved epicondyle is occasionally seen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050352
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light chain deposition disease in multiple myeloma: MR imaging features correlated with histopathological findings (1998)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 27 (1998), S. 173-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Light chain deposition disease ; Multiple myeloma ; MRI ; Spin echo ; Low signal ; T1- and T2-weighted sequences
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The clinical, histopathological, and imaging findings on MRI of a 56-year-old woman with light chain deposition disease occurring in multiple myeloma are presented. Light chain deposition disease is a variant of multiple myeloma with distinct clinical and histological characteristics. MRI of this patient also revealed an infiltration pattern in the bone marrow distinct from that of typical multiple myeloma. Multiple small foci of low signal intensity were present on T1- and T2-weighted spin echo and STIR images, corresponding to conglomerates of light chains in bone marrow biopsy. Contrast-enhanced T1-weighted spin echo images show diffuse enhancement of 51% over all vertebral bodies, with a minor enhancement of the focal conglomerates of light chains. Light chain deposition disease in multiple myeloma should be added to the list of those few entities with normal radiographs and discrete low-signal marrow lesions on T1- and T2-weighted spin echo pulse sequences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050360
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Langerhans cell histiocytosis: unusual skeletal manifestations observed in thirty-four cases (1998)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 27 (1998), S. 177-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Langerhans cell histiocytosis ; Unusual manifestations ; Diagnosis Radiography ; CT ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Objective. Unusual manifestations are occasionally encountered in Langerhans cell histiocytosis and may be a source of confusion. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of occurrence of the unusual manifestations in our case material. Design and patients. Thirty-four children, average age 4.4 years (range 3 months to 16 years) with 262 skeletal lesions of biopsy-proven Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) were retrospectively reviewed to determine the frequency of occurrence of unusual manifestations defined either as an atypical location of a skeletal lesion or an atypical radiographic appearance of the lesion. Results. Twenty-four unusual lesions were found in this retrospective review. Among these were epiphyseal lesions, transphyseal lesions, extracranial ’button’ sequestra, posterior vertebral arch lesions, dural extension of vertebral lesions, and fluid-fluid levels. The finding of fluid-fluid levels has not previously been described in the radiologic literature. Involvement of unusual sites included clavicles and small bones of the hands and feet. Conclusions. Radiographic, computed tomographic, and magnetic resonance imaging of LCH yield a variety of unusual manifestations. Recognition of these varied appearances of LCH may prevent confusion of such appearances with other pathologic processes. When the unusual manifestation occurs as the initial finding of the disease, LCH should be included in the differential diagnosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050361
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regional bone changes in deep soft tissue hemangiomas: radiographic and MR features (1998)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 27 (1998), S. 205-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Soft tissue hemangioma ; Plain films ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Objective. To evaluate changes in bone adjacent to deep soft tissue hemangiomas of the extremities. Design and patients. We retrospectively reviewed the plain films of 115 patients with histologically proven deep soft tissue hemangiomas of the extremities. The length and pattern of the bone changes were analyzed and correlated with the MRI examination (n=55) and surgical findings. Results. Plain film studies demonstrated reactive bone changes adjacent to the deep soft tissue hemangiomas in 24 (21%) patients and phleboliths in 23 (20%) patients. The results of plain film analysis revealed a wide spectrum of regional bone changes adjacent to the hemangiomas, including periosteal reactions (16%), regional osteopenia (1%), cortical erosion (3%), bony overgrowth (3%), coarsening of the trabeculae (5%), and a combination of the above changes (4%). The length of the reactive changes corresponded approximately to the size of the hemangioma in 70% and was longer than the largest dimension of the hemangioma in 30%. Of the 55 patients studied with MRI, 39 (71%) patients had normal bones and 16 (29%) had bone changes. Conclusion. Deep soft tissue hemangiomas may cause changes in adjacent bones. Familiarity with the pattern of reactive bone changes may help to avoid misdiagnosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050366
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic resonance imaging: a cost-effective alternative to bone scintigraphy in the evaluation of patients with suspected hip fractures (1998)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 27 (1998), S. 199-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Hip ; MRI ; Radionuclide studies ; Fractures ; Cost-effectiveness
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Objective. To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compared with radionuclide bone scan in the evaluation of patients with clinically suspected hip fractures. Design. The medical records of all patients who had been seen in the emergency room over a 4 -year period with a clinically suspected hip fracture, negative or equivocal plain films, and either a subsequent bone scan or MRI examination were retrospectively reviewed. The time to diagnosis, admission rate, and time to surgery were determined. A two-sample t-test was used to assess the statistical significance of the results. A theoretical cost analysis was performed using current charges to estimate all expenses. Patients. Forty patients (11 male, 29 female; age 28–99 years) satisfied our inclusion criteria. Results and conclusions. Twenty-one patients had bone scans (six with fractures), and 19 had MRI (four with fractures). The time to diagnosis was 2.24±1.30 days for bone scanning and 0.368±0.597 days for MRI (P〈0.0001). Twenty patients in the bone scan group were admitted compared with 13 in the MRI group. The time to surgery was at least 1 day longer in patients undergoing bone scanning. Bone scanning resulted in higher patient costs compared with MRI because of the delay in diagnosis. In the evaluation of patients with suspected hip fractures, early MRI is more cost-effective than delayed bone scanning. Further prospective studies comparing the cost-effectiveness of early MRI with early bone scanning are needed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050365
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synovial effusion in reflex sympathetic dystrophy: an additional sign for diagnosis and staging (1998)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 27 (1998), S. 262-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Reflex sympathetic dystrophy ; Synovium ; MRI ; Joint ; Effusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Purpose. To improve the present MRI criteria for diagnosis and staging of reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) by including increased joint fluid as an additional MRI sign of RSD. Design and patients. One hundred and fourteen extremities (69 affected and 45 contralateral controls) in 57 consecutive patients with RSD were evaluated using a 1.5-T unit. T1- and T2-weighted pulse sequences, often with fat suppression, were used before and after administration of intravenous contrast enhancement (Gd). Following T2-weighted image digitization the volume of synovial fluid was measured with a computer model. Results. Effusions were detected in 61% of the extremities suspected of RSD and in 44% of the contralateral control joints. The mean fluid quantity measured in the symptomatic articulation was 201 mm3. MRI diagnosis of RSD based on previously described criteria was done in 62% of the patients, yielding a sensitivity of 60%. Effusions were present in 79% of the false negative MRI cases. Retrospectively considering the presence of fluid as a potential positive criterion for RSD increases the sensitivity by 31% (to 91%). Conclusions. Joint effusions are probably associated with early stages of RSD. Adding effusion to the list of radiological criteria for RSD increases the sensitivity of MRI from 60% to 91%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050378
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tibial plateau erosions associated with lateral meniscal cysts (1998)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 27 (1998), S. 288-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Meniscal tear ; Meniscal cyst ; Bone erosion ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Although meniscal cysts are common, erosions of bone caused by these cysts are quite rare. We report MR imaging findings of two cases in which lateral meniscal cysts resulted in erosion of the lateral tibial plateau.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050383
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Focal myositis (1998)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 27 (1998), S. 283-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Focal myositis ; MRI ; Soft tissue tumors ; Polymyositis ; Dermatomyositis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Focal myositis is a pseudotumor of soft tissue that typically occurs in the deep soft tissue of the extremities, and is a relatively rare lesion. There is a wide clinical spectrum, with approximately one-third of patients with focal myositis subsequently developing polymyositis, and clinical symptoms of generalized weakness, fever, myalgia, and weight loss, with elevation of creatine phosphokinase. We report the case of a patient with focal myositis who subsequently developed myositis ossificans-like features.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050382
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  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of radiography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in the detection of sacroiliitis accompanying ankylosing spondylitis (1998)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 27 (1998), S. 311-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Joints ; Sacroiliac ; Ankylosing spondylitis ; Radiography ; CT ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Objective. To compare magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, computed tomography (CT), and radiography in the detection of sacroiliitis accompanying ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Design and subjects. Nine volunteers and 24 patients were recruited. Radiography, CT, and MR imaging were completed within a 1-week period in 24 patients with AS. In precontrast MR examination, spin-echo T1, fast spin-echo T2, and gradient echo with rephasing T2* images were obtained without fat saturation using a 0.3-T imager for all volunteers and patients. Postcontrast MR examination was performed using the same precontrast SE T1 sequence for patients with AS. Results and conclusions. MR imaging directly showed the normal cartilage in all 16 sacroiliac joints of the 8 volunteers. In the 24 patients with AS, cartilage abnormalities were observed in 42 sacroiliac joints. More diagnoses of sacroiliitis were made using MR and CT imaging than using radiography (P〈0.001). Therefore, low-field-strength MR can be useful in detecting early sacroiliitis in patients with AS. MR imaging was able to reveal early cartilage changes and bone marrow edema, which could not be found by either CT or radiography.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050388
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  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shoulder MRI after impingement test injection (1998)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 27 (1998), S. 365-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Impingement injection ; Shoulder ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Objective. To determine how long injected fluid from an impingement test remains in the bursa or adjacent soft tissues after an injection. Design and patients. Six patients prospectively underwent MRI of the shoulder immediately before and after an impingement test injection, and at 3 days, 2 weeks and 4 weeks later. MR images were evaluated and graded for fluid distribution within the bursa and adjacent soft tissues. The rotator cuff was evaluated for signal abnormalities related to the injection. Results and conclusion. Three days after the injection, the soft tissue fluid had returned to pre-injection levels or less in five of the six patients. No patients showed rotator cuff signal abnormalities related to the impingement test injection. We recommend a delay of 3 days before a shoulder MR examination after an injection has been performed, to avoid misinterpretations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050399
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  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chondrocalcinosis of the hyaline cartilage of the knee: MRI manifestations (1998)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 27 (1998), S. 369-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) deposition disease ; Chondrocalcinosis ; Knee ; MRI ; Cartilage ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Purpose. To determine the ability of MRI to detect the presence of crystals of calcium pyrophosphate in the articular cartilage of the knee. Design and patients. The MR studies of 12 knees (11 cases) were reviewed retrospectively and correlated with radiographs (12 cases) and the findings at arthroscopy (2 cases) and surgery (1 case). A total of 72 articular surfaces were evaluated. Radiographic, surgical or arthroscopic demonstration of chondrocalcinosis was used as the gold standard. Additionally, two fragments of the knee of a patient who underwent total knee replacement and demonstrated extensive chondrocalcinosis were studied with radiography and MRI using spin-echo T1-, T2- and proton-density-weighted images as well as two- and three-dimensional fat saturation (2D and 3D Fat Sat) gradient recalled echo (GRE) and STIR sequences. Results. MRI revealed multiple hypointense foci within the articular cartilage in 34 articular surfaces, better shown on 2D and 3D GRE sequences. Radiographs showed 12 articular surfaces with chondrocalcinosis. In three cases with arthroscopic or surgical correlation, MRI demonstrated more diffuse involvement of the articular cartilage than did the radiographs. The 3D Fat Sat GRE sequences were the best for demonstrating articular calcification in vitro. In no case was meniscal calcification identified with MRI. Hyperintense halos around some of the calcifications were seen on the MR images. Conclusion. MRI can depict articular cartilage calcification as hypointense foci using GRE techniques. Differential diagnosis includes loose bodies, post-surgical changes, marginal osteophytes and hemosiderin deposition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050400
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  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Posterior interosseous nerve palsy caused by parosteal lipoma of proximal radius (1998)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 27 (1998), S. 375-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Parosteal lipoma ; Nerve palsy ; CT ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Lipomas are common benign soft tissue tumors which tend to be indolent, and symptoms caused by nerve compression are unusual. However, a parosteal lipoma, occurring adjacent to the proximal radius may easily cause paralysis of the posterior interosseous nerve because of a specific anatomical relationship of these structures in that area. Two cases of parosteal lipoma of the proximal radius causing paralysis of the posterior interosseous nerve are reported. CT and MR imaging demonstrate the characteristic fatty mass around the radius and are specific in making the diagnosis. Surgical excision should be promptly performed to ensure optimal recovery from the nerve paralysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050401
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  • 37
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    Electronic Resource
    Sacral hydatidosis: value of MRI in the diagnosis (1998)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 27 (1998), S. 518-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Hydatid ; Sacral ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  We present a case of primary hydatid disease of the sacrum. The diagnosis was made on MR imaging obtained to evaluate the spine for recurrent disc disease. The patient had previously undergone laminectomy elsewhere for L4–5 radiculopathy.Ultrasound-guided aspiration and visualisation of scolices confirmed the diagnosis. No other site of involvement was found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050431
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  • 38
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    Electronic Resource
    Virtuelle CT- und MRT-Koloskopie (1998)
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 38 (1998), S. 824-831 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Koloskopie ; Spiral-CT ; Elektronenstrahltomographie ; MRT ; virtuelle Realität ; Key words Spiral computed tomography ; Electron beam tomography ; EBT ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; MRI ; Colonoscopy ; Virtual reality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Purpose: To evaluate experimentally and in patients the sensitivity and effective dose of virtual electron-beam tomography (EBT) colonoscopy for detecting small colon tumors and to compare the methods and results with virtual colonoscopy using spiral CT and MR imaging in a review of the literature. Materials and methods: Six polyps with diameters between 3 and 12 mm were created and randomly placed in resected pig colon. After distension with air, the pig colon was scanned with continous volume scanning (CVS, 3 mm collimation) and a pitch of 0.4, 0.8 and 1.5. Twenty patients positive for the fecal blood test were examined after rectal CO2 insufflation and i. v. administration of 1 mg glucagon. A 13 s CVS scan was used to cover the entire colon within one breathhold. 3D volume-rendered fly-throughs were evaluated by two independent radiologists. Effective dose equivalent was estimated using an Alderson phantom equipped with thermoluminescence dosimeters. Results: In the tumor model, all polyps were detectable at a pitch of 1.5. A further reduction of the pitch ratio did not improve the conspicuity of the polyps. In patient studies, all tumors (n = 4) and polyps (n = 3) were correctly identified on 3D fly-throughs. Two false positive results were obtained. Effective dose equivalent was calculated at 3.2 mSv per scan. Conclusions: Our preliminary results indicate that virtual EBT colonoscopy holds promise for fast screening for colon polyps. The best technique for virtual colonoscopy (Spiral CT, EBT, MRI) has not yet been determined and the future role of virtual colonoscopy must still be defined.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ziel: Als virtuelle Koloskopie bezeichnet man eine neue Methode, die aus Bilddaten der radiologischen Schnittbildverfahren, CT, Elektronenstrahl-CT (EBT) und MRT mittels computerunterstützter Bildnachverarbeitung simulierte dreidimensionale (3D-), endoskopieähnliche Bilder des Kolons erzeugt. Ziel unserer Untersuchung war die Bestimmung der Wertigkeit der virtuellen EBT-Koloskopie zum Nachweis von kolorektalen Polypen und Tumoren in vitro am Tumormodell und in Patientenstudien. Anhand publizierter Studien der virtuellen Koloskopie mit Spiral-CT und MRT sollen die verschiedenen Untersuchungstechniken dargestellt und verglichen werden. Material und Methode: 6 Polypen mit einem Durchmesser von 3–12 mm wurden nach Abheben und Umstechen der Mukosa in Schweinekolon gebildet. Nach Distension mit Raumluft wurde dieses Tumormodell mit EBT im „continuous volume scanning (CVS)-Mode” mit 3-mm-Kollimation und 3 verschiedenen Pitchverhältnissen (0,4; 0,8; 1,5) gescannt; 20 Patienten mit positivem Hämocculttest wurden nach rektaler CO2-Insufflation und i. v.-Gabe von 1 mg Glucagon in Atemanhaltetechnik mit einem den ganzen Kolonrahmen abdeckenden CVS-Scan (13 s Untersuchungsdauer) untersucht. Endoskopische 3D-Durchflugsrekonstruktionen wurden von 2 unabhängigen Radiologen hinsichtlich des Vorliegens von Polypen oder Tumoren beurteilt. Die zu erwartende effektive Dosis für die EBT-Koloskopie wurde über Messungen mit einem Alderson-Phantom, welches mit Thermolumineszenzdosimetern bestückt war, berechnet. Ergebnisse: Schon bei einem Pitch von 1,5 wurden alle Polypen im Tumormodell erkannt. Die Reduzierung des Pitch auf 0,8 oder 0,4 verbesserte nicht die Erkennbarkeit der Polypen auf den endoskopischen 3D-Rekonstruktionen. Alle Tumoren (n = 4) und Polypen (n = 3) der Patientenuntersuchungen wurden korrekt identifiziert. 2 falsch-positive Befunde wurden erhoben. Die effektive Dosis pro Scan errechnete sich zu maximal 3,2 mSv. Schlußfolgerungen: Unsere vorläufigen Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, daß die virtuelle EBT-Koloskopie eine vielversprechende Methode zum Nachweis von kolorektalen Tumoren ist. Der Stellenwert der verschiedenen Techniken der virtuellen Koloskopie (Spiral-CT, EBT, MRT) muß erst noch bestimmt werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001170050430
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  • 39
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    Electronic Resource
    Pigmentierte villonoduläre Synovitis Kasuistiken und Literaturüberblick (1998)
    Springer
    Der Chirurg 69 (1998), S. 284-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Pigmented villonodular synovitis ; Knee ; MRI ; Synovectomy. ; Schlüsselwörter: Pigmentierte villonoduläre Synovitis ; Knie ; MRT ; Synovektomie.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Die Therapie der pigmentierten villonodulären Synovitis (PVNS), insbesondere der diffusen Form, wird weiterhin unterschiedlich beurteilt aufgrund der geringen Incidenz dieser Erkrankung. Die wichtigsten operativen Verfahren stellen die arthroskopische oder offene Synovektomie dar. Zur Vermeidung von Gelenkdestruktionen und funktionellen Einschränkungen ist die frühe Erkennung der PVNS entscheidend. In den Jahren 1994 und 1995 haben wir 4 Fälle operativ behandelt und in einem Zeitraum von mehr als 12 Monaten nachuntersucht. In 2 Fällen wurde die komplette Synovektomie, in einem Fall die partielle Resektion der Synovia und in einem weiteren Fall die Gelenkresektion und Arthrodese als offene Verfahren durchgeführt. Anhand unserer Ergebnisse ließ sich zeigen, daß das MRT unverzichtbar in der Diagnostik und der operativen Therapieplanung ist. Liegt ein lokaler Befall der Synovia vor, so scheint die partielle Synovektomie ausreichend. Bestehen aber Zweifel in der Einschätzung oder zeigt sich klar das Bild eines diffusen Befalls, sollte die komplette Synovektomie, aufgrund der hohen Rezidivrate der diffusen PVNS, bevorzugt werden. Es zeigte sich weiterhin, daß bei allen unseren Patienten sekundäre ossäre Läsionen auftraten bis hin zur Gelenkdestruktion bei einem Patienten. Daher ist die frühzeitige operative Therapie als z. Z. einzig kausale Behandlung zu empfehlen. Inwieweit arthroskopisch oder als offenes Verfahren vorgegangen werden kann, ist abhängig von der Form der PVNS, dem Ausmaß des Tumorbefalls und sekundären Gelenkveränderungen.
    Notes: Summary. Because this disease is so rare the optimum treatment of pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS), in particular the diffuse form differs in the literature. The most important surgical procedures are arthroscopic and open synovectomy. The prevention of disease progression, as well as joint destruction and dysfunction, depends upon the early diagnosis of PVNS. During 1994 and 1995, we treated four cases of PVNS surgically and followed the patients for a time period of more than 12 months. Two patients were treated with complete synovectomy, one patient underwent partial synovial resection, and in the final case an arthrodesis was performed. Our results indicate that an MRI is essential for diagnosis and treatment planning. For the localized form of PVNS, it appears that a partial synovectomy is appropriate. However, in the event of diagnostic uncertainty or obvious diffuse involvement of the synovium, a total synovectomy is indicated because of the high recurrence rate. In our study, all four patients had disease involving secondary bony lesions and, in one case, joint destruction. Based on our findings, it is clear that early surgical therapy is the only recommended curative intervention. The decision regarding the surgical approach, arthroscopic versus open, depends on the form of PVNS, the extent of the disease and secondary changes of the joint.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001040050414
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  • 40
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    Magnetresonanztomographie des Kniegelenks mit einem Niederfeldsystem (1998)
    Springer
    Arthroskopie 11 (1998), S. 136-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-3924
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Arthroskopie ; Kniegelenk ; Magnetresonanztomographie ; Key words Arthroscopy ; Knee-joint ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: The purpose of this study was to evaluate low-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with an open system and to correlate results obtained with the experience of the radiologist. Between August 1995 and May 1997, 75 patients at the Unfallchirurgische Universitätsklinik, Mainz, Germany, with an acute trauma of the knee joint were operated on arthroscopically after clinical examination, X-ray and MRI imaging. MRI analysis was performed by two independent radiologists with varying MRI experience without knowledge of the patient’s history. The sensitivity and specifity of the more [U1] and the less experienced [U2] radiologist ranged from 83 to 100% (U1) and from 61 to 100% (U2). Positive and negative predictive value ranged from 83 to 100% (U1) and from 58 to 100% (U2); accuracy ranged from 92 to 100% (U1) and from 77 to 100% (U1). We conclude that the results of low-field MRI are comparable with those of high-field MRI and that differences in the results of the experienced and less experienced radiologist can be established.
    Notes: Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung ist die Evaluierung der Niederfeldmagnetresonanztomographie an einem offenen System unter Berücksichtigung des Erfahrungsstands des Untersuchers. In einer prospektiven Studie wurden von August 1995 bis Mai 1997 75 Patienten der Klinik für Unfallchirurgie der Universität Mainz mit einem akuten Trauma des Kniegelenks nach klinischer und konventionell-radiologischer Diagnostik magnetresonanztomographisch untersucht und anschließend diagnostisch und therapeutisch arthroskopiert. Die Auswertung der MRT-Untersuchungen erfolgte hierbei durch 2 unabhängige Untersucher unterschiedlichen Erfahrungsstands ohne Kenntnis der Anamnese bzw. des klinischen Befunds. Sensitivität und Spezifität der MRT-Befunde lagen beim geübten (U1) und weniger geübten (U2: in Klammern angegeben) Untersucher für U1 bei 83–100% (U2: 61– 100%). Der positive und negative prädiktive Wert lag für U1 bei 83– 100% (U2: 58–100%), und die Treffsicherheit wurde für U1 zwischen 92% und 100% (U2: 77– 100%) ermittelt. Es zeigte sich, daß die mit der Niederfeld-MRT erzielbaren Ergebnisse bezüglich der Diagnostik von Kniebinnenläsionen durchaus mit denen der Mittel- bzw. Hochfeld-MRT zu vergleichen sind. Deutliche Unterschiede bestehen in der vorliegenden Studie jedoch bezüglich der Abhängigkeit der diagnostischen Genauigkeit vom jeweiligen Untersucher.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001420050026
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  • 41
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    Electronic Resource
    Spinal cord compression secondary to extramedullary hematopoiesis in thalassemia intermedia (1998)
    Springer
    European spine journal 7 (1998), S. 501-504 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Keywords: Key words Blood transfusion ; Extramedullary hematopoiesis ; MRI ; Spinal cord ; Thalassemia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Extramedullary hematopoiesis associated with thalassemia causing spinal cord compression is an extremely rare event in the course of the disease. Documentation with an imaging technique, such as MRI, is mandatory. A patient with thalassemia intermedia, who developed paraparesis in spite of transfusion, underwent surgical decompression. Rapid neurological improvement was observed postoperatively and this neurological condition was protected with adequate hemoglobin level. Management of these patients remains controversial. Various modes of therapy such as surgical decompression, radiotherapy, and transfusion are discussed and the related literature is reviewed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005860050114
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  • 42
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    Electronic Resource
    Complications of vertebral metastasis surgery (1998)
    Springer
    European spine journal 7 (1998), S. 438-444 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Keywords: Key words Vertebral metastases ; Complications ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The authors report their experience concerning complications of spinal metastasis surgery. The purpose of this study was to assess the frequency of such complications and analyse the factors influencing their occurrence. The records of 145 patients treated between 1982 and 1991 for metastatic disease of the spine were retrospectively reviewed for intra- and postoperative complications. Other factors such as radiation therapy, emergent nature of surgery, and neurologic deficits were analysed for potential correlations with the frequency of complications. Twenty-seven (18.6%) patients developed postoperative complications. Wound dehiscence and infection (11%) were the most frequent complications. Statistical analysis showed a significant influence of three factors: preoperative radiation therapy, paraplegia before surgery, and surgery under emergency conditions. The rate of complications in this surgery is lower than might be expected and can be significantly reduced. Surgery should be performed before radiation therapy and before appearance of substantial neurologic deficits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005860050105
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  • 43
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    Effects on the vertebral end-plate of uncomplicated lumbar discography: an MRI study (1998)
    Springer
    European spine journal 7 (1998), S. 36-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Keywords: Key words Discography ; Lumbar ; intervertebral disc ; Back pain ; Discitis ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The study aimed to identify and characterise changes occurring in the vertebral end-plate on MRI following uncomplicated lumbar discography. MRI was performed immediately before and within 2 h after uncomplicated lumbar discography in 20 consecutive patients undergoing the study as a precursor to possible spinal fusion. Of these, seven patients underwent a further MRI study at a mean of 72 days after discography (range 19–183 days). The MRI scans were assessed for the presence of any changes in the end-plates prior to and following discography. End-plate changes were identified in eight patients (40%) prior to discography. No new changes in end-plate signal intensity (SI) were identified in either the immediate or delayed MRI studies. The study suggests that any changes occurring in the vertebral end-plate following discography should be considered due to infectious discitis. There is no support for the concept of chemical discitis, chemical irritation of bone or microfracture of subchondral trabeculae as a cause of pain at discography.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005860050024
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  • 44
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    Electronic Resource
    Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in Down’s syndrome (1998)
    Springer
    European spine journal 7 (1998), S. 172-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Keywords: Key words Posterior longitudinal ; ligament ; Ossification ; Down’s ; syndrome ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cervical myelopathy in patients with Down’s syndrome is not uncommonly the result of atlanto-axial instability, a condition that is caused by ligamentous laxity and which may be associated with congenital osseous anomalies at the occipito-atlanto-axial axis. Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is well described, particularly in the Japanese population, and may be associated with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. This is the first case, to our knowledge, of OPLL occurring in a person with Down’s syndrome presenting with myelopathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005860050051
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  • 45
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    Intramedullary spinal tuberculoma presenting as a conus tumor: a case report and review of the literature (1998)
    Springer
    European spine journal 7 (1998), S. 168-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Keywords: Key words Intramedullary spinal ; tuberculoma ; MRI ; Spinal cord ; Tuberculoma ; Tuberculosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Intramedullary spinal tuberculoma is a rare form of central nervous system tuberculosis. Although tuberculosis is unusual in the west, it is still prevalent in Asia and Africa. We report a case in which the diagnosis was made histologically without evidence of symptoms of systemic tuberculosis. The lesion, located in the conus medullaris, mimicked a conus tumor. The patient was a 20-year-old man who presented with a history of progressive leg weakness, urinary urgency, and impotence. There was no history of, or recent contact with, tuberculosis. A diagnosis of an intramedullary tumor in the conus medullaris was made by MRI. The patient underwent a T11-L1 laminectomy and total resection of the lesion with microsurgical technique. Histologic examination revealed a granulomatous lesion containing Langhans’ giant cells, inflammatory cells, and caseating necrosis. Antituberculous medication was instituted as soon as the diagnosis was made. Neurologic symptoms and signs slowly improved postoperatively. A combination of microsurgical resection and antituberculous chemotherapy should be the choice of treatment for intramedullary tuberculomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005860050050
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  • 46
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    Vertebral end-plate (Modic) changes on lumbar spine MRI: correlation with pain reproduction at lumbar discography (1998)
    Springer
    European spine journal 7 (1998), S. 363-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Keywords: Key words Low back pain ; MRI ; Discography ; Vertebral end-plate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The vertebral end-plate has been identified as a possible source of discogenic low back pain. MRI demonstrates end-plate (Modic) changes in 20–50% of patients with low back pain. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between Modic changes on MRI and discogenic back pain on lumbar discography. The MRI studies and discograms of 58 patients with a clinical diagnosis of discogenic back pain were reviewed and the presence of a Modic change was correlated with pain reproduction at 152 disc levels. Twenty-three discs with adjacent Modic changes were injected, 21 of which were associated with pain reproduction. However, pain was also reproduced at 69 levels where no Modic change was seen. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for a Modic change as a marker of a painful disc were 23.3%, 96.8%, 91.3% and 46.5% respectively. Modic changes, therefore, appear to be a relatively specific but insensitive sign of a painful lumbar disc in patients with discogenic low back pain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005860050091
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  • 47
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MR-based assessment of vascular morphology and function (1998)
    Springer
    European radiology 8 (1998), S. 528-539 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: MRA ; time-of-flight ; MRA ; contrast-enhanced ; Vascular disease ; diagnosis ; Blood flow ; velocity ; MRI ; function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Initially, time-of-flight angiography found its way into clinical routine for imaging vascular morphology. In conjunction with phase-contrast imaging, functional and morphological assessment of vascular pathology became possible. The flow dependence and associated artifacts inherent to these techniques have restricted the clinical use of these magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) techniques to the extra- and intracranial arterial, as well as the systemic and portal, venous systems. With the advent of high-performance gradient systems a new, promising MRA strategy has been developed: contrast-enhanced 3D MR angiography. It is based on the combination of rapid 3D imaging and the T1-shortening effect of intravenously infused paramagnetic contrast. This review provides a technical overview and critically discusses the clinical application for the different MRA techniques regarding morphological as well as functional assessment of the vascular system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050429
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  • 48
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    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic resonance epidurography with gadolinium-DTPA (1998)
    Springer
    European radiology 8 (1998), S. 1452-1454 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Epidurography ; MRI ; CT
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The aim of this study was to evaluate and describe MRI epidurography as a new imaging tool. Five volunteers and one patient were investigated with MR epidurography after injection of 20 ml Gd-DPTA solution (1 : 250/1 ml Gd-DPTA/250 ml normal saline). Magnetic resonance epidurography is possible. With fat-suppression techniques, the contrast between Gd-DPTA solution in the epidural space and surrounding soft tissue proved adequate. Using the multiplanar capability of MRI with MR epidurography coronal and sagittal projections similar to conventional epidurography, axial slices comparable to CT epidurography can be obtained. Magnetic resonance epidurography is superior to conventional and CT epidurography. Presently, due to high costs as compared with conventional and CT epidurography, MRI is not suitable for the routine monitoring of peridural catheters, but it may have a place in the future with decreasing costs for MRI and for the evaluation of patients with spine pathology, especially in describing epidural processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050573
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  • 49
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parasellar dermoid tumor with intra-tumoral hemorrhage (1998)
    Springer
    European radiology 8 (1998), S. 1594-1597 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: CT ; MRI ; Dermoid tumor ; Hemorrhage ; Intracranial
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. We report a case of parasellar dermoid tumor with intra-tumoral hemorrhage. It is rare for a dermoid tumor that hemorrhage was detected as high attenuation on the initial CT. In the present case, the tumor content included a little fat component and mostly cholesterin-rich fluid which resulted in extremely low signal intensity on T2-weighted and high signal on T1-weighted MR images. In addition to this, hemosiderin accumulation in the tumor could be the reason for low signal intensity on T2-weighted images.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050593
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  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI follow-up in a case of clinically diagnosed Creutzfeld-Jakob disease (1998)
    Springer
    European radiology 8 (1998), S. 421-423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Creutzfeld-Jakob disease ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. We report the case of a 75-year-old woman suffering from Creutzfeld-Jakob disease (CJD). As brain biopsy was refused, diagnosis had to be based on clinical examination, EEC and findings on cranial MRI. Over a 4-month period MRI examinations demonstrated progressive cortical atrophy and bilateral enhanced signal intensity on T2-weighted images of caudate nuclei and putamina indicating development of spongioform degeneration. As clinical course and the characteristic pattern of brain lesions corresponded to cases of neuropathologically confirmed CJD, we suggest that MRI should be considered a valuable diagnostic tool in clinical diagnosis of the disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050404
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  • 51
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-invasive vascular imaging: assessing tumour vascularity (1998)
    Springer
    European radiology 8 (1998), S. 517-527 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Doppler ; US ; MRI ; Angiography ; Contrast agents ; Tumour vascularity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Non-invasive assessment of vascularity is a new diagnostic approach to characterise tumours. Vascular assessment is based on the pathophysiology of tumour angiogenesis and its diagnostic implications for tumour biology, prognosis and therapy response. Two current techniques investigating vascular features in addition to morphology are Doppler ultrasonography and contrast-enhanced MRI. Diagnostic differentiation has been shown to be possible with Doppler, and a high degree of observed vascularity could be linked to an aggressive course of the disease. Dynamic MRI using gadolinium chelates is already used clinically to detect and differentiate tumours. The histological correlation shows that capillary permeability is increased in malignant tumours and is the best criterion for differentiation from benign processes. Permeability and perfusion factors seem to be more diagnostic than overall vessel density. New clinical applications are currently being established for therapy monitoring. Further instrumental developments will bring harmonic imaging in Doppler, and faster imaging techniques, higher spatial resolution and novel pharmacokinetic concepts in MRI. Upcoming contrast agents for both Doppler and MRI will further improve estimation of intratumoural blood volume and vascular permeability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050428
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  • 52
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    Dural invasion of meningiomas adjacent to the tumor margin on Gd-DTPA-enhanced MR images: histopathologic correlation (1998)
    Springer
    European radiology 8 (1998), S. 746-748 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Meningeal sign ; Dural infiltration ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. In intracranial meningiomas a flat, contrast-enhancing, dural structure adjacent to the tumor can occasionally be observed on gadolinium-DTPA-enhanced MR images. We wished to evaluate whether there is a correlation between MR images and meningeal invasion of intracranial meningiomas. The study included 54 patients with intracranial meningioma and the meningeal sign. MR studies included T2-weighted and gadolinium-DTPA-enhanced T1-weighted images in axial, coronal, and sagittal planes. Histopathologic examinations were done on the meningiomas adjacent to the dura mater. The meningeal sign on MRI was observed from 2 up to 35 mm from the main tumor mass in 31 (57 %) of the 54 patients. In 20 of these 31 the histopathologic examination showed tumor invasion, while 11 patients had no tumor invasion but tissue proliferation, hypervascularity, and vascular dilatation. Seven of the 23 meningiomas without the meningeal sign had histologically proven infiltration of the adjacent dura. MR imaging is not able to determine definitive whether or not there is dural infiltration of the meningiomas. In conclusion, resection of the tumor with a wide margin is necessary to achieve complete excision of meningioma and to avoid recurrence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050466
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  • 53
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    Follow-up of musculoskeletal tumors I. Local recurrence (1998)
    Springer
    European radiology 8 (1998), S. 791-799 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Recurrent sarcoma ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The prognosis for a patient with a musculoskeletal sarcoma has improved considerably over the past two decades largely due to the use of adjuvant chemotherapy. Surgical techniques have become more sophisticated with limb salvage, the preferred management in the majority of cases. Imaging plays an important role in the assessment of suspected local recurrence of tumor. This pictorial essay reviews the different imaging options and highlights various pitfalls in the detection and diagnosis of recurrence. The role of magnetic resonance imaging in this respect is stressed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050474
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  • 54
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    Electronic Resource
    Imaging of the rotator cuff: an arthrographic pitfall (1998)
    Springer
    European radiology 8 (1998), S. 817-819 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Shoulder ; Pitfall ; Arthrography ; MRI ; Rotator cuff tear
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. We present a case where MRI and arthrography of the shoulder reports provided seemingly conflicting data. The subsequent findings at arthroscopy revealed a potential pitfall in arthrographic interpretation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050478
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  • 55
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    Electronic Resource
    Intracranial vascular involvement of brain pathologies and venous occlusions (1998)
    Springer
    European radiology 8 (1998), S. 1106-1115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Stroke ; Venous occlusions ; Computed tomography ; MRI ; Diffusion ; Echoplanar imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. In this paper, the authors present the contribution of CT and MRI to the diagnosis of acute stroke caused by arterial or venous occlusion. The term “early” used in this context means within 6 h of the onset of symptoms. Signs of early ischemic edema are subtle and sometimes difficult to detect by CT or MRI. The purpose of this presentation is to familiarize the clinician and the radiologist with the subtle brain parenchymal changes seen within the first 6 h after onset of symptoms, in order to improve detection of early ischemic infarction and to improve patient care.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050517
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  • 56
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    Mediastinal masses: diagnostic approach (1998)
    Springer
    European radiology 8 (1998), S. 1148-1159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Mediastinum ; CT ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. In most clinical situations the modern radiological approach to a mediastinal mass consists of performing a CT scan following the chest radiograph. Magnetic resonance imaging is indicated when CT findings are equivocal and as the first-line method in particular situations such as suspected involvement of the posterior mediastinum. In both techniques, tissular components of the mass assessed by density or signal intensity analysis, together with the precise location, are the leading edge of the radiological diagnosis. This review deals mainly with the differential diagnosis of primary neoplasms according to CT and MRI findings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050525
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  • 57
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    Amyloid arthropathy of the hip joint: MR demonstration of presumed amyloid lesions in 152 patients with long-term hemodialysis (1998)
    Springer
    European radiology 8 (1998), S. 1352-1356 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words. Amyloidosis ; Arthritis ; Hip joints ; Hemodialysis ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The aim of this study was to determine the spectrum of MR findings of presumed amyloid arthropathy of the hip joints in patients on long-term hemodialysis. We prospectively performed T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo imaging on 152 consecutive patients on hemodialysis. The duration of hemodialysis ranged from 5 months to 24 years, 2 months (mean: 8 years, 8 months). The frequency, location, and signal intensity of bone lesions were assessed. In 12 cases with contrast-enhanced MR examination, enhancement pattern of bone lesions, synovial lesions, and intra-articular lesions were characterized. Bone lesions presumed to be amyloid deposits were identified in 60 patients (39 %). Magnetic resonance imaging revealed that amyloid lesions were more extensive than anticipated by plain radiographs. All bone lesions showed decreased signal intensity on T1-weighted images. On T2-weighted images, bone lesions showed increased signal intensity in 32 patients (54 %), decreased signal intensity in 11 patients (18 %), and both increased and decreased signal intensity in 17 patients (28 %). Following intravenous injection of gadolinium-based contrast, all bone lesions showed moderate enhancement. Synovial thickening could not be identified on T1- and T2-weighted images. However, contrast-enhanced images showed thickened synovial membrane, which could be differentiated from joint fluid. Intra-articular nodules showed decreased or intermediate signal intensity on T1-weighted images and decreased signal intensity on T2-weighted images; the intra-articular nodules were contiguous with subchondral bone lesions. Magnetic resonance imaging is useful for evaluating the distribution and extent of amyloidosis of the hip joints in patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050550
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  • 58
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    MRI findings in cerebral fat embolism (1998)
    Springer
    European radiology 8 (1998), S. 1590-1593 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Cerebral fat embolism ; Imaging ; MRI ; CCT
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The purpose of this retrospective study was to demonstrate the MRI features of cerebral manifestations in patients with fat embolism syndromes in comparison with cerebral CT (CCT). Magnetic resonance imaging was performed according to standard protocols revealing multiple small non-confluent hyperintense intracerebral lesions larger than 2 mm on proton-density and T2-weighted images to various extents in three of four patients with clinically suspected cerebral fat embolism. Cerebral CT was negative in all patients. Our findings confirm that MRI can detect cerebral fat embolism with a higher sensitivity than CCT. Thus, MRI should be the first choice for imaging of cerebral fat embolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050592
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    Solitary true cyst of the pancreas (1998)
    Springer
    European radiology 8 (1998), S. 1627-1629 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Simple cyst ; Pancreas ; CT ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. We report a case of a woman diagnosed with a solitary true cyst of the pancreas. CT and especially MRI guided us in the diagnosis of this benign lesion. The cyst has been surgically removed because of secondary bile-duct obstruction causing painless jaundice. Clinical history, laboratory, imaging, and histological findings are reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050600
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  • 60
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    Electronic Resource
    MRI appearance of pulmonary Wegener's granulomatosis with concomitant splenic infarction (1998)
    Springer
    European radiology 8 (1998), S. 367-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Lung ; abnormalities ; Spleen ; abnormalities ; Spleen ; infarction ; Spleen ; MRI ; Wegener's granulomatosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The MRI appearance of pulmonary lesions in a patient with Wegener's granulomatosis is presented. Pulmonary involvement was characterized by multiple solid and cavitated nodules connected to vessels. Transbronchial biopsy demonstrated typical findings of granuloma. The spleen presented diffuse low signal intensity and an enhancing capsule on T1-weighted images, and inhomogeneously high signal intensity on T2-weighted images. This appearance of diffuse infarction could result from the vasculitis caused by Wegener's disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050396
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  • 61
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    Transient uterine contraction mimicking adenomyosis on MRI (1998)
    Springer
    European radiology 8 (1998), S. 54-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Uterus ; anatomy ; Uterus ; MRI ; Uterus ; myometrium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Transient myometrial contraction as a physiological phenomenon may simulate pathological conditions, such as a focal or diffuse adenomyosis. Clinicians should be aware of the potential presence of this phenomenon and imaging should be repeated after a suitable interval when the nature of a bulge or a region of low intensity in the myometrium is in doubt. In this paper, we report a transient myometrial contraction that mimics an adenomyosis, but disappears in repeated series.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050337
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  • 62
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    Osteochondritis (osteochondrosis) dissecans: A review and new MRI classification (1998)
    Springer
    European radiology 8 (1998), S. 103-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Osteochondritis dissecans ; MRI ; Arthroscopy ; Radiography ; Trauma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Osteochondritis (osteochondrosis) dissecans (OCD) is a common condition in children, adolescents, and young adults. Describing OCD together with osteochondral fractures and epiphyseal ossification disturbances and considering these three conditions as one entity has caused much confusion. Age distribution and localization combined with the radiologic and surgical presentation distinguishes these conditions. Osteochondritis dissecans represents an osseous lesion with secondary involvement of the overlying cartilage. Beginning as avascular osteonecrosis, OCD forms a transitional zone that harbors the potential of restoration with complete healing or progression to an osseous defect. Mechanical and traumatic factors are etiologically dominant in OCD, but a predisposition seems to be a contributing factor in some patients. Osteochondritis dissecans is generally diagnosed by conventional radiology. Its therapy is determined by the stage of the lesion and MRI will become the method of choice for staging. Intact cartilage, contrast enhancement of the lesion, and absent “cystic” defects are findings of MRI stage I and justify conservative therapy, obviating arthroscopy. Cartilage defect with or without incomplete separation of the fragment, fluid around an undetached fragment, and a dislodged fragment are MRI findings observed in stage II and require arthroscopy with possible intervention. Thus, MRI can noninvasively separate non-surgical from possibly surgical lesions and should replace diagnostic arthroscopy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050348
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  • 63
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    Longitudinal stress fractures of the tibia: comparative study of CT and MR imaging (1998)
    Springer
    European radiology 8 (1998), S. 598-602 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Tibia ; Fractures ; Fractures ; stress ; CT ; MRI ; Comparative studies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of CT and MRI in the diagnosis of longitudinal stress fracture of the tibia (LSFT). A retrospective study of imaging findings was performed in 15 patients with LSFT. The CT and MR images were compared for detection of fracture line, callus, bone marrow edema, and soft tissues changes. The CT and MRI techniques allowed the detection of the fracture line in 82 and 73 % of cases, respectively. The callus was always visualized with CT or MRI. The MRI technique had a markedly higher sensitivity than CT in the detection of bone marrow edema (73 vs 18 %) and soft tissue lesions (87 vs 9 %). This may cause a misleading aggressive appearance on MRI. Computed tomography remains the best imaging modality for diagnosis of LSFT. However, MRI findings should be known to obviate the performance of CT or bone biopsy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050442
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    Diagnosis of lung cancer in a patient with pneumoconiosis and progressive massive fibrosis using MRI (1998)
    Springer
    European radiology 8 (1998), S. 615-617 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Lung cancer ; Progressive massive fibrosis ; Pneumoconiosis ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. We report the MRI features and correlative pathologic findings of a lung cancer in a patient with progressive massive fibrosis (PMF). In this case, MRI was able to distinguish the lung cancer as a high signal intensity area, and the fibrotic mass as a low signal intensity area, on both T1-weighted and T2-weighted images when compared with muscle. MRI is potentially useful in distinguishing cancer tissue from PMF in patients with pneumoconiosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050446
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  • 65
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    Electronic Resource
    Toxic spongiform leucoencephalopathy after inhaling heroin vapour (1998)
    Springer
    European radiology 8 (1998), S. 749-755 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Leucoencephalopathy ; Heroin ; Cerebellum ; CT ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. This is a report of clinical, CT and MRI findings in a patient with toxic spongiform leucoencephalopathy after heroin ingestion. The disease is observed in drug addicts who inhale pre-heated heroin. The clinical onset, which usually occurs some days or even longer after the last heroin consumption, is characterized by a cerebellar syndrome. The cerebellar hemispheres, the cerebellar and cerebral peduncles and the pyramidal tract may be affected. Spongiform demyelination is the morphological substrate of the lesions, which are not contrast enhancing, hypodense on CT and hyperintense on T2-weighted MRI. The frequently perfect symmetry of the affection of functional systems points to a toxic and/or metabolic pathophysiological mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050467
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  • 66
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    CT and MRI appearances of a thoracic chordoma (1998)
    Springer
    European radiology 8 (1998), S. 1677-1679 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Chordoma ; MRI ; CT ; Posterior mediastinal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. A case of a chordoma in the thoracic spine is presented. This is a very rare tumour in this location and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any posterior mediastinal mass. The appearances on CT and MRI were similar to chordomas described in other locations. On T2-weighted images septae of low signal intensity radiated throughout the large high-signal mass. This feature may be of use in differentiating chordomas from other posterior mediastinal masses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050611
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    Visual information processing in infants with focal brain lesions (1998)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 123 (1998), S. 95-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Information processing ; Fagan test ; Focal lesions ; Vision ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Visual information processing for faces were tested by means of the Fagan test of infant intelligence (FTII) in six infants of approximately 12 months of age affected by congenital unilateral brain lesions. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to determine the side and size of the lesions. In addition to the FTII, all infants were submitted to a psychometric evaluation using the Griffiths scales. Visual acuity, visual field, and ocular motility were also assessed. Three infants showed damage in the left hemisphere and three in the right. The severity of the lesions, as revealed by MRI scan, was similar in the two groups. All infants except one had normal or borderline cognitive scores on the Griffiths scales. Conversely, four infants showed abnormal results on the FTII, which were not associated with the severity of the lesions, psychometric scores, or the presence of visual deficits. A preference for stimuli presented on the left side of the screen was found, independent of the side of the lesions. This effect was stronger for novel stimuli. The results of this study confirm the importance of early assessment of neuropsychological functions in infants with focal brain lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002210050549
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    Infrahyoid spread of deep neck abscess: anatomical consideration (1998)
    Springer
    European radiology 8 (1998), S. 955-959 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Deep neck abscess ; Cervical fascial anatomy ; Anterior cervical space ; CT ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The aim of this study was to determine the pathway of infrahyoid extension of the oropharyngeal abscess considering the anatomy of the fascial spaces by cross-sectional imaging. CT scans and MR images were retrospectively reviewed in ten patients with known infrahyoid extension of oropharyngeal abscesses (eight with acute tonsillitis, two with acute phlegmonous oropharyngitis). In seven of eight patients tonsillar abscesses descended along the deep cervical fascia converging on the hyoid bone and further accumulated in the anterior cervical space through which extension to the mediastinum took place in four patients. In seven patients the abscesses involved the retropharyngeal space at the infrahyoid neck. In two of these seven patients the abscesses directly extended down into the upper mediastinum through the retropharyngeal space. In one patients of the seven mediastinal spread of an abscess occurred through the posterior cervical space, not through the retropharyngeal space. Cross-sectional imaging is valuable in the evaluation of deep neck abscesses and the pathway of spread. The anterior cervical space in the infrahyoid neck is important for mediastinal extension of pharyngeal abscesses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050495
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  • 69
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    Quantitative measurements of the spinal cord and canal by MR imaging and myelography (1998)
    Springer
    European radiology 8 (1998), S. 966-970 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Spinal cord ; Spinal canal ; MRI ; Myelography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. There is a large individual variation in human spinal cord and canal size, even in patients of different series studied by the same modality, and no authorized standard method has been established. A comparative study of sagittal diameters of the cervical spinal cord and canal using myelography and MRI is presented. The purposes of this paper are (a) to establish the correction factor (CF) needed for quantitative comparison of the two imaging modalities, and (b) to determine the different factors that may modify the measurement of these diameters. We studied 45 patients with clinical findings compatible with cervical spondilotic myelopathy. In our experience, the CF for accurate correlation of MRI and myelography measurements is 1.32 and depends almost entirely on the radiographic geometry of the myelographic procedure. In addition, there is a variability in the group of MRI results due to imprecision of the pressure-pad measuring/input device of the instrument itself and the sequence performed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050497
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  • 70
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    Cross-sectional imaging with CT and/or MRI of pediatric chest tumors (1998)
    Springer
    European radiology 8 (1998), S. 1040-1046 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Pediatric ; Chest mass ; CT ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The purpose of this study was to provide an overview of the spectrum of pediatric chest masses, to present the results of cross-sectional imaging with CT and/or MRI, and to define diagnostic criteria to limit differential diagnosis. Seventy-eight children with thoracic mass lesions were retrospectively evaluated using CT (72 patients) and/or MR imaging (12 patients). All masses were evaluated for tissue characteristics (attenuation values or signal intensity, enhancement, and calcification) and were differentiated according to age, gender, location, and etiology. Twenty-eight of 38 (74 %) mediastinal masses were malignant (neuroblastoma, malignant lymphoma). Thirty of 38 (79 %) pulmonary masses were metastatic in origin, all with an already known primary tumor (osteosarcoma, Wilms tumor). With one exception, all remaining pulmonary lesions were benign. Seventeen of 21 (81 %) chest wall lesions were malignant (Ewing sarcoma, primitive neuroectodermal tumor). The majority of mediastinal and chest wall tumors in children is malignant. Lung lesions are usually benign, unless a known extrapulmonary tumor suggests pulmonary metastases. Cross-sectional imaging with CT and/or MRI allows narrowing of the differential diagnosis of pediatric chest masses substantially by defining the origin and tissue characteristics. Magnetic resonance imaging is preferred for posterior mediastinal lesions, whereas CT should be used for pulmonary lesions. For the residual locations both modalities are complementary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050511
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    MRI of bone metastases (1998)
    Springer
    European radiology 8 (1998), S. 1345-1351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Bone metastases ; MRI ; MRI sequences
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Some knowledge of MR theory is required to be able to achieve high contrast between bone metastases and normal marrow. Three factors are used in MR to diagnose bone metastases: fat–water distribution, artifacts induced by bone trabeculae, and uptake of contrast medium. Using MR-histological correlations based on specimens of the lumbar spine, and studies of patients, we explain the advantages and limitations of sequences studying fat and water (spin-echo T1, STIR, in- and out-of-phase gradient echo, fat presaturation), bone trabeculae (gradient echo with long TE), and the injection of contrast medium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050549
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  • 72
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    Imaging of the normal and pathological orbit (1998)
    Springer
    European radiology 8 (1998), S. 175-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Orbit ; CT ; MRI ; Angiography ; Orbital tumors ; Orbital inflammation ; Orbital foreign bodies ; Endovascular procedures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Computerized techniques (CT and MRI) allow precise delineation of orbital anatomy and abnormalities. Orbital tumors are nicely depicted by these methods; various examples are illustrated in this article, with discussion of the respective impact of CT and MRI. Orbital inflammation and foreign bodies usually represent radiologic emergencies, prompting use of CT (frequently) or MRI (occasionally). Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is indicated for diagnosis of vascular changes (mainly carotid-cavernous fistula, aneurysms, angiomas, Rendu-Osler disease). Angiography is usually done to ascertain the possibility of an interventional procedure. Orbital vascular interventions include re-canalization of occluded vessels, and embolization of pathologic (tumorous or post-traumatic) vessels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050360
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  • 73
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    Magnetic resonance in the assessment of renal function (1998)
    Springer
    European radiology 8 (1998), S. 201-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Kidneys ; Function ; MRI ; Contrast agents
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The kidneys are the most important organs to maintain homeostasis. In the assessment of renal functional disorders laboratory tests offer only indirect hints on location of the disease; radionuclide nephrography is hampered by low spatial resolution and radiologic methods provide only limited quantitative information. The MRI technique with fast pulse sequences and renally eliminated contrast agent has the capability of combining both anatomic and functional information. This article gives an overview on functional MRI of the kidneys with its possibilities and limitations. The clinical application of functional MRI allows a better understanding of some pathologic conditions such as urinary tract obstruction, renal insufficiency, effects of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, different states of hydration, effects of drugs, vascular disorders, and effects of transplantation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050363
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    Assessment of resectability of pancreatic cancer with dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging: technique, surgical correlation and patient outcome (1998)
    Springer
    European radiology 8 (1998), S. 23-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Pancreatic cancer ; MRI ; Contrast media
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The aim of our work was to investigate the use of a dynamic contrast-enhanced MR (DCEMR) technique for staging apparently localised pancreatic cancer, and to determine the patterns of tumour and vascular enhancement with this technique. Thirty-five consecutive patients were examined. The MR findings were correlated with surgical findings in 13 patients and with clinical outcome in 22 patients. Breath-hold gradient-echo fast low angle shot (TR = 100, TE = 4, flip angle 80 °) acquisitions were obtained at 10 and 40 s (right anterior coronal oblique plane) and at 90 s (axial plane) following intravenous gadolinium. Mean contrast-to-noise ratio was higher on the first than the second acquisition (p 〈 0.001) and higher on the second acquisition than the third (p 〈 0.005). Tumour conspicuity was greatest and arterial anatomy was best demonstrated on the first acquisition and the portal venous anatomy on the second. Small tumours were isointense by the third acquisition. Maximal intensity projections were helpful. The MR findings correctly predicted the surgical findings in 11 of 13 cases (85 %) and the clinical course in the other 22 patients. The DCEMR imaging technique is valuable in the staging of patients with pancreatic cancer. Capillary and portal venous phase images are both required for complete local staging.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050331
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  • 75
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    Indirect MR arthrography: techniques and applications (1998)
    Springer
    European radiology 8 (1998), S. 232-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Indirect MR arthrography ; MR arthrography ; Joints ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Indirect MR arthrography is a relatively new MR technique improving articular and periarticular contrast. It is achieved by injection of paramagnetic MR contrast media intravenously instead of intra-articular injection as in direct MR arthrography. After the injection exercising the joint results in considerable signal intensity increase within the joint cavity. Fat saturated MR sequences then yield arthrographic images. The method is less invasive than direct MR arthrography and first results showed comparable sensitivities and specificities for rotator cuff and glenoid labrum pathology. In this article the technique, established and potential future indications, drawbacks and limitations of the method are reviewed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050369
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  • 76
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    Lymphoproliferative disorders after renal transplantation: role of medical imaging (1998)
    Springer
    European radiology 8 (1998), S. 1686-1693 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Kidney transplantation ; Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease ; US ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) are a complication of immunosuppressed transplant recipients, and their incidence is reported to be 20–120 times greater than the rate in the general population. After kidney transplantation, PTLD more likely arise within the renal transplant fossa. Radiological patterns of these forms are presented and discussed, according to a review of the literature, and illustrated by cases from our institution. Ultrasound plays an essential role in the early diagnosis of PTLD by detecting a urinary obstruction associated with adenopathy or an ill-defined mass not previously seen. However, in the case of an inconclusive US examination, CT or MRI should be performed to confirm the presence of a mass. Both techniques are useful in evaluating the extension of the process within the transplantation fossa; MRI seems more accurate and can be used for the follow-up, especially after reduction in immunosuppressive therapy without transplant removal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050614
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  • 77
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    MRI, CT, US and ERCP in the evaluation of bile duct hamartomas (von Meyenburg complex): a case report (1998)
    Springer
    European radiology 8 (1998), S. 1623-1626 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Liver ; Biliary hamartoma ; von Meyenburg complex ; MRI ; ERCP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. A case of multiple bile duct hamartomas (von Meyenburg complex) of the liver accompanied by exudative and in part necrotizing pancreatitis is presented. Magnetic resonance imaging (fat suppressed, T2-weighted images with prolonged echo time) could exclude diffuse tumor infiltration of the liver, which had not been possible with CT, sonography, or ERCP. To our knowledge, no comparable case has been reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050599
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    MR imaging of muscular sarcoidosis after steroid therapy (1998)
    Springer
    European radiology 8 (1998), S. 1651-1653 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Muscular sarcoidosis ; Steroid therapy ; MRI ; Contrast study ; Gallium scintigraphy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The nodular type of muscular sarcoidosis has been known to show characteristic MR findings; however, MR imaging features after steroid therapy have not been reported. A 48-year-old man with nodular type of muscular sarcoidosis is reported. Prior to steroid therapy, axial MR images showed peripheral increased signal intensity and central star-shaped decreased signal intensity. Coronal images showed an inner stripe of decreased signal intensity and outer stripes of increased signal intensity. After steroid therapy, axial images showed only the central star-shaped area of decreased signal intensity. Coronal images showed only the inner stripe of decreased signal intensity. It is important to know that the central area will continue to exist after steroid therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050604
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  • 79
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    Tendinous insertion of semimembranosus muscle into the lateral meniscus (1998)
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 19 (1998), S. 365-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Semimembranosus m. ; Lateral meniscus ; Anatomy ; MRI ; Oblique popliteal ligament
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Forty-two cadaver knees were used for morphologic and MRI observations of the tendinous distal expansions of the semimembranosus m. and the posterior capsular structures of the knee. A tendinous branch of the semimembranosus m. inserting into the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus was found in 43.2% of the knees dissected, besides five already known insertional branches; capsular, direct, anterior and inferior, as well as the oblique popliteal ligament. The tendon had three morphologic types; thin, broad and round. All three types moved the lateral meniscus posteriorly when pulled on. Thus, the semimembranosus m. may also have a protective function for the lateral meniscus as well as the already well established function of protecting the medial meniscus in knee flexion. When a semimembranosus tendon attachment to the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus is present, its normal insertion is difficult to differentiate from a lateral meniscus tear in MRI and this may cause misdiagnosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00276-997-0365-3
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    Technique for injection of the lumbar vertebral venous plexuses employed in anatomic, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging studies (1998)
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 20 (1998), S. 113-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Lumbar vertebral venous plexuses ; MRI ; CT ; Anatomic technique ; Radiologic correlations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this study was to develop a technique for injection of the vertebral venous plexuses allowing anatomic, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of the same anatomic specimen. It proved in practice that only a correctly adjusted mixture of different agents allowed attainment of this objective. This mixture, composed of gelatin, gadolinium and minium, enabled us to attain this end. The description of the technique of injecting the vertebral venous plexuses, the difficulties encountered and the results of the different imaging techniques are analysed in this study without entering into details of the anatomic description. The core of the study consists of 11 unembalmed subjects. Three were injected with gelatin mixed with gadolinium, one with latex mixed with minium, one with latex mixed with gadolinium, and 6 with gelatin mixed with both gadolinium and minium. Only the mixture of gelatin - gadolinium - minium allowed study of the same anatomic specimen in terms of anatomy, CT and MRI. Two different MRI sequences are described, evidence of the different properties of the injection mixture (gelatin, gadolinium). The latex-minium mixture gave good CT density but was unsuitable for MRI studies. Numerous artifacts caused interference with the radiologic images, calling for perfect injection technique. The use of several radiologic techniques for a single cadaveric injection allows better correlation of the images, and comparison and verification of results between the techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00276-998-0113-3
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  • 81
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    Electronic Resource
    Technique for injection of the lumbar vertebral venous plexuses employed in anatomic, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging studies (1998)
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 20 (1998), S. 113-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Lumbar vertebral venous plexuses ; MRI ; CT ; Anatomic technique ; Radiologic correlations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le but de ce travail a été de mettre au point une technique d'injection des plexus veineux vertébraux permettant des études anatomiques, tomodensitométriques et en résonance magnétique de la même pièce anatomique. Seul un mélange correctement dosé de différents produits permettait de réaliser cet objectif. Le mélange était composé de gélatine, de gadolinium et de minium. La description de la technique d'injection des plexus veineux vertébraux lombaires, les difficultés que nous avons rencontrées, les résultats des différentes techniques d'imagerie seront analysés dans cette étude sans entrer dans les détails de la description anatomique. Le corpus de cette étude est constitué de 11 sujets non embaumés : trois sujets ont été injectés avec de la gélatine mélangée à du gadolinium ; un sujet au latex mélangé à du minium ; un sujet au latex mélangé à du gadolinium et du minium ; 6 sujets à la gélatine mélangée à du gadolinium et du minium. Seul le mélange gélatine-gadolinium-minium a permis l'étude de la même pièce anatomique en anatomie, TDM et IRM. Deux séquences IRM différentes ont été décrites, témoignage des propriétés différentes des produits du mélange d'injection (gélatine, gadolinium). Le mélange latex-minium a donné une bonne densité en TDM mais n'a pas été favorable aux études en IRM. De nombreux artefacts ont parasité les images radiologiques, nécessitant une technique d'injection parfaite. L'utilisation de plusieurs techniques radiologiques pour une seule injection cadavérique permet une meilleure corrélation des images, la comparaison et la vérification des résultats entre les techniques.
    Notes: Summary The aim of this study was to develop a technique for injection of the vertebral venous plexuses allowing anatomic, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of the same anatomic specimen. It proved in practice that only a correctly adjusted mixture of different agents allowed attainment of this objective. This mixture, composed of gelatin, gadolinium and minium, enabled us to attain this end. The description of the technique of injecting the vertebral venous plexuses, the difficulties encountered and the results of the different imaging techniques are analysed in this study without entering into details of the anatomic description. The core of the study consists of 11 unembalmed subjects. Three were injected with gelatin mixed with gadolinium, one with latex mixed with minium, one with latex mixed with gadolinium, and 6 with gelatin mixed with both gadolinium and minium. Only the mixture of gelatin — gadolinium — minium allowed study of the same anatomic specimen in terms of anatomy, CT and MRI. Two different MRI sequences are described, evidence of the different properties of the injection mixture (gelatin, gadolinium). The latex-minium mixture gave good CT density but was unsuitable for MRI studies. Numerous artifacts caused interference with the radiologic images, calling for perfect injection technique. The use of several radiologic techniques for a single cadaveric injection allows better correlation of the images, and comparison and verification of results between the techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01628914
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  • 82
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    The suspensory ligament of the penis: an anatomic and radiologic description (1998)
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 20 (1998), S. 413-417 
    Details
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Penis ; Ligaments ; MRI ; Erection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'appareil suspenseur du pénis présente un intérÍt clinique en chirurgie réparatrice, en traumatologie, et par son rôle dans l'érection. Le but de cette étude était d'identifier les différentes structures anatomiques constituant le ligament suspenseur par la dissection et par la résonance magnétique nucléaire (IRM). Dix sujets m,les non embaumés ont été utilisés pour la dissection de la région de la base du pénis. Dix patients volontaires ont eu une IRM de la verge avant et après injection de prostaglandine (PGE1). L'appareil suspenseur était composé de structures ligamentaires séparées: le ligament fundiforme, latéral, superficiel et non adhérent à l'albuginée des corps caverneux; le ligament suspenseur proprement dit, plus en arrière, tendu entre le pubis et l'albuginée des corps caverneux et composé de deux faisceaux latéraux, circonférentiels, et d'un faisceau médian, qui circonscrivai la veine dorsale du pénis. Ces structures étaient identifiables en IRM et leur rôle de soutien a été mis en évidence dans les épreuves d'érection. Le ligament suspenseur semble maintenir la base de la verge en avant du pubis et se comporter comme un point de soutien important pour la partie mobile du pénis en érection.
    Notes: Summary The suspensory system of the penis acquires clinical importance in reparative surgery, traumatology and through its role in erection. The aim of this study was to identify the different anatomic structures constituting the suspensory ligament by dissection and by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Ten unembalmed male subjects were used for dissection of the region of the base of the penis. Ten volunteer patients underwent MRI of the penis before and after the injection of prostaglandin (PGE1). The suspensory apparatus consisted of separate ligamentous structures: the fundiform ligament, which is lateral, superficial and not adherent to the tunica albuginea of the corpora cavernosa; the suspensory ligament properly so-called, further back, stretching between the pubis and the tunica albuginea of the corpora cavernosa and consisting of two lateral, circumferential, and one median bundles, which circumscribed the dorsal vein of the penis. These structures were identifiable in MRI and their supporting role was evidenced during tests of erection. The suspensory ligament seemed to maintain the base of the penis in front of the pubis and to behave as a major point of support for the mobile portion of the penis during erection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01653133
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  • 83
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    Electronic Resource
    Hirnstammgliom (1998)
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 38 (1998), S. 904-912 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Hirnstammgliom ; CT ; MRT ; Klassifikation ; Prognose ; Key words Brain-stem glioma ; CT ; MRI ; Classification ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Brain-stem gliomas occur mainly in childhood and are localized in the mesencephalon, pons and medulla oblongata. Diagnosis is a domain of MRI, requiring T2, T1 and KM. CT shows hemorrhage and calcification well. The criteria are the primary site, size, tumor growth, brain-stem enlargement, delineation, intralesional structure, exophytic components and enhancement. Secondary criteria are herniation, hydrocephalus and liquorgenic seeding. In CT glioma are hypodense, in MRI hyperintense in T2 and hypointense in T1. Enhancement is seen in 25–60% and does not allow differentiation of tumor vs nontumor or gradings. Factors influencing poor outcome are high grade, a short history, cranial nerve involvement, severe brain-stem enlargement, pontine site, diffuse growth and recurrency. The 5-year-survival rate is 30% (after radiation: focal tumors 85%, diffuse 20%). Most frequent are symptoms of brain pressure, cerebellum, cranial nerves and pyramidal tract. There is no agreement on whether biopsy is necessary or not. A diagnosis of tumor is highly suggestive if classical MRI findings fit the clinical history.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Hirnstammgliome treten überwiegend im Kindesalter auf und sind im Mesenzephalon, Pons und der Medulla oblongata lokalisiert. Die Diagnostik ist eine Domäne der MRT und erfordert T2-, T1-Sequenzen und Kontrastmittel (KM). Die CT ist zum Nachweis von Blutungen und Verkalkungen prädestiniert. Beurteilungskriterien sind Primärsitz, Tumorgröße, Ausdehnung, Hirnstammverbreiterung, Tumorränder, Binnenstruktur, exophytische Anteile und KM-Aufnahme. Sekundäre Kriterien sind Einklemmung, Liquoraufstau und liquorgene Aussaat. Hirnstammgliome sind im CT hypodens, im MRT in T2 hyperintens, in T1 meistens hypointens. Schrankenstörungen lassen sich in 25–60% der Fälle nachweisen und erlauben keine Differenzierung von Tumor/Nichttumor oder verschiedenen Gradierungen. Diskussion: Prognostisch ungünstig sind hohe Gradierung, kurzer klinischer Verlauf, Hirnnervenbefall, ausgeprägte Hirnstammverbreiterung, pontine Lokalisation, diffuse Ausbreitung und Rezidiv. Die 5-Jahres-Überlebensrate beträgt 30%, nach Strahlentherapie bei fokalen Tumoren 85%, bei diffusen 20%. Die häufigsten Symptome sind Hirndruckzeichen, zerebelläre Ataxie, Hirnnervenbefall und Pyramidenbahnzeichen – in ca. 40% Tortikollis. Die Biopsie wird kontrovers diskutiert. Zumindest ist bei klassischem MRT-Befund und passender Klinik die Diagnose Tumor hochwahrscheinlich.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001170050441
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  • 84
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    Electronic Resource
    Strahlentherapie der Periarthritis humeroscapularis mit ultraharten Photonen Vergleich mit kernspintomographischen Befunden (1998)
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 38 (1998), S. 774-778 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Strahlentherapie ; Periarthritis humeroscapularis ; MRT ; Key words Radiotherapy ; Humeroscapular periarthritis ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Purpose: Evalution of MRI in radiotherapy of humeroscapular periarthritis. Patients and methods: Seventy-seven patients with humeroscapular periarthritis prospectively underwent MRI before radiotherapy. Results: Six months after radiotherapy, 34% of the patients had achieved complete pain relief, 35% major pain relief. Twenty percent had only slight improvement and 12% no improvement. Positive correlation of radiotherapy outcome and MRI findings could be shown for acute tendinitis, erosions, and complete and incomplete ruptures of the supraspinatus tendon. Conclusions: Radiotherapy is highly effective in the treatment of humeroscapular periarthritis. The indication can be improved using MRI.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Fragestellung: Aussagefähigkeit der MRT vor Strahlentherapie der Periarthritis humeroscapularis. Methodik: 77 Patienten mit Periarthritis humeroscapularis wurden prospektiv vor der Strahlentherapie mit einem Linearbeschleuniger MR-tomographisch untersucht. Ergebnisse: 6 Monate nach Beendigung der Radiatio waren 34% der Patienten beschwerdefrei. 35% zeigten eine wesentliche Besserung. 20% waren nur geringfügig gebessert, während bei 12% der Patienten die Symptomatik unverändert fortbestand. Eine positive Korrelation der MR-Befunde mit dem Therapieerfolg bestand bei akuten Tendinitiden, Usuren sowie kompletten und inkompletten Rupturen der Supraspinatussehne. Schlußfolgerungen: Die Strahlentherapie ist neben operativen Verfahren eine weitere wertvolle Methode zur Behandlung der Periarthritis humeroscapularis. Die MRT ist zur Indikationsstellung sinnvoll.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001170050424
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  • 85
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    Electronic Resource
    Cystic meningioma: Neuroradiological (MRI, CT) and macroscopic intraoperative appearance. A case report (1998)
    Springer
    Neurosurgical review 21 (1998), S. 155-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-2320
    Keywords: cystic meningioma ; CT ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Differential diagnosis of intracranial cystic meningiomas may present difficulties in about 10–15% of cases where anatomo-pathological alterations such as intratumoral necrosis, cystic cavity, hemorrhage or lipomatous infiltration are present. These alterations are responsible for an unusual radiological appearance which may suggest a false diagnosis. We describe a case of meningioma with a cystic appearance in which MRI was more helpful than CT, because it suggested an extra-axial meningiomatous lession and thus allowed more precise surgical planning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02389322
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  • 86
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    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic resonance imaging of the Lake Agassiz–Lake Winnipeg transition (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of paleolimnology 19 (1998), S. 255-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Keywords: Lake Winnipeg ; magnetic resonance ; MRI ; SPRITE ; sediment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract As part of the Geologic Survey of Canada (GSC) Lake Winnipeg Study, we have successfully imaged the Lake Agassiz to Lake Winnipeg transition in Section 4 of Core Namao 94-900-122a (i.e., from 313 cm to 465 cm), using a newly-developed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique called SPRITE (Single-Point, Ramped Imaging with T1 Enhancement). Whole core, gamma-ray attenuation measurements have been used to calculate the bulk porosity of the sediment at 1 cm intervals for comparison with the SPRITE images. Image contrast and image intensities observed in the SPRITE images of Section 4 are related to local porosity and magnetic susceptibility variations. In general, regions of the core with low signal intensity contain high porosity and low magnetic susceptibility. The best contrast between sediment layers is observed from regions of the core with high magnetic susceptibility. High signal intensity is observed from regions with low porosity and/or high magnetic susceptibility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007921832589
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  • 87
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    Electronic Resource
    An application of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging to study migration rates of oil-related residues in estuarine sediments (1998)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 9 (1998), S. 443-449 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: anthropogenic contamination ; magnetic susceptibility artefacts ; marine sediment ; MRI ; oil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Organisations such as the Marine Control Pollution Unit of the Department of Transport are at present testing the suitability of burial and landfarming of oily residues in sandy coastal environments as an alternative to landfill sites. The tendency for oil related compounds to sorb to sediments has been extensively investigated, but this has not permitted the 'observation' or measurement of advection/diffusion processes or the breakdown of these compounds within sediments. MRI, which is a multidimensional technique allowing the position of nuclei (most commonly protons) to be charted within a volume, provides a means of monitoring advection and diffusion of oil within sediments, thus offering a method of assessing the harming potential of oils in near-shore environments. A three dimensional MRI analysis of the movement of oil in an organic substrate and in three related estuarine sediments show that, using appropriate parameters, movement of the oil can be both observed and quantified. The results presented in terms of the % change of oil distribution within each sediment sample, show the great potential of MRI in studying protonated contaminants in these materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008325711374
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  • 88
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    Electronic Resource
    Wertigkeit der diagnostischen Arthroskopie am kindlichen Kniegelenk im Vergleich zur Magnetresonanztomographie (1998)
    Springer
    Arthroskopie 11 (1998), S. 2-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-3924
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Arthroskopie ; Kinder ; Magnetresonanztomographie ; Diagnostik ; Key words Arthroscopy ; Children ; MRI ; Diagnostic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Improved preoperative diagnostic techniques have resulted in a change in the indication for surgery in children. This applies in particular to diagnostic arthroscopies, the number of which is decreasing. The increased availability and improved technique of magnetic resonance imaging has provided us with a more accurate diagnosis of intraarticular lesions, especially anterior cruciate ligament ruptures and cartilage and bone lesions, which can be diagnosed noninvasively. The sensitivity of magnetic resonance imaging for meniscus and anterior cruciate ligament injuries varies between 72% and 95% and the specificity between 79% and 97%. Arthroscopy in children should therefore focus on therapeutic procedures. Diagnostic arthroscopy should only be performed in children with severe disability and normal imaging findings.
    Notes: In der Kinderarthroskopie haben die verbesserten präoperativen diagnostischen Möglichkeiten zu einem Wandel in der Indikationsstellung geführt. Dieser betrifft insbesondere die diagnostischen Arthroskopien die aufgrund differenzierter Indikationsstellungen rückläufig sind. Die Verbreitung und Weiterentwicklung der magnetresonanztomographischen Technik hat dazu geführt, daß viele Kniebinnenschäden, insbesondere traumatische Veränderungen mit Rissen der Kreuzbänder sowie Korpel- und Knochenschäden, nichtinvasiv diagnostiziert werden können. Die Sensitivität der Magnetresonanztomographie für Meniskus- und Kreuzbandverletzungen liegt bei 72–95% und die Spezifität bei 79–97%. In der Kinderarthroskopie sollte daher der Schwerpunkt auf dem operativ-therapeutischen Eingriff liegen. Die Arthroskopie sollte nur noch bei starken Beschwerden und unauffälligen bildgebenden Verfahren zu diagnostischen Zwecken eingesetzt werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001420050002
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  • 89
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    Electronic Resource
    Functional correlates of callosal atrophy in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients. A preliminary MRI study (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 245 (1998), S. 153-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Key words Multiple sclerosis ; Periventricular lesions ; Callosal ; atrophy ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In multiple sclerosis (MS), periventricular lesions produce atrophy of the corpus callosum (CC), as evidenced by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We investigated whether CC atrophy in relapsing-remitting MS patients is related to functional deficits. We compared 14 mildly disabled (mean Expanded Disability Status Scale score 2.7) relapsing-remitting MS patients with 14 age- und sex-matched controls. CC size was determined using sagittal T1-weighted MRI. The function of the CC was studied using a neuropsychological battery and neurophysiological evaluation based on visual stimulation using a divided visual field paradigm. The total area of the CC in patients (mean 5.3cm2) was significantly (P=0.002) smaller than in controls (mean 6.6cm2). Patients showed left ear extinction using the dichotic listening test and impaired name learning, which was correlated with atrophy of the splenium. There were no differences in interhemispheric transfer time between patients and controls. Marked atrophy of the CC can be encountered in relapsing-remitting MS patients. The associated cerebral disconnection correlated with atrophy of expected regions of the CC, thus supporting topographical organization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004150050196
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  • 90
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    Electronic Resource
    Neuropsychological and neuroimaging correlates in corticobasal degeneration (1998)
    Springer
    Neurological sciences 19 (1998), S. 321-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Keywords: Corticobasal degeneration ; Neuropsychology Apraxia ; MRI ; PET ; SPECT
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommario Nel presente studio vengono riportate le correlazioni neuropsicologiche e neuroradiologiche in tre pazienti affetti da una rara malattia neurodegenerativa, la degenerazione cortico-basale (DCB). Lo studio neuropsicologico ha mostrato un decadimento nelle funzioni esecutive, nella destrezza manuale e programmazione rnotoria con una asimmetria tra i due arti superiori e un'aprassia ideo-motoria e bucco facciale. La risonanza magnetica nucleare (RMN) dell'encefalo ha evidenziato una dilatazione corticale in sede frontale e peri-rolandica, con asimmetria controlaterale al lato, più affetto in due casi, e simmetrica in un caso; inoltre un aumentato segnale T2 in sede di putamen e della sostanza nera ipsilaterale all'atrofia corticale è stato osservato in un paziente. La PET con tracciante 18-fluorodeossiglucosio ha evidenziato un ipometabolismo asimmetrico sia della corteccia frontale e parietale the dei gangli della base. La SPECT con tracciante 99-tecnezio ha evidenziato un'asimmetria corticale e sottocorticale in due casi; in un caso è stata osservata un'asimmetria solo in sede corticale. Le nostre osservazioni sui pazienti con DCB hanno mostrato una precisa correlazione tra aspetti neuropsicologici e neuroradiologici. Tali correlazioni possono dare un contributo allo studio delle alterazioni anatomiche e funzionali associate con questo disturbo neurodegenerativo.
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this study was to correlate neuropsychological and neuroimaging findings in corticobasal degeneration (CBD). Three patients with clinical criteria for CBD were examined by means of neuropsychological tests, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and flow and metabolism neuroimaging techniques. Neuropsychological assessment revealed impairment in executive functions, manual dexterity and motor programming with significant asymmetry between upper limbs. Ideomotor and oral apraxia were also detected, and memory deficits were observed in one patient. MRI revealed cortical dilation of the frontal and perirolandic regions, symmetrical in one case and asymmetrical in the other two cases. An increased T2 signal intensity in the posterolateral putamen and substantia nigra ipsilateral to the cortical atrophy was observed in one patient. Asymmetries of both frontal and parietal cortices and basal ganglia were detected in all three patients by 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography; temporal region hypometabolism was associated in one patient. These cortical and subcortical asymmetries were observed in two patients by single photon emission tomography with the tracer technetium Tc 99m hexamethyl propylenamine oxime; cortical asymmetry was observed in only one patient. The results showed that functional neuroimaging findings correlated well with neuropsychological aspects in CBD. Neuroimaging and neuropsychological correlations may contribute toward understanding anatomical and functional abnormalities associated with this neurodegenerative disorder.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00713860
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  • 91
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    Electronic Resource
    Myocardial iron deposition in β-Thalassemia studied by magnetic resonance imaging (1998)
    Springer
    The international journal of cardiovascular imaging 14 (1998), S. 117-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0743
    Keywords: β-thalassemia ; heart ; iron overload ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Myocardial iron deposition is a common finding in β-thalassemia. The iron content of the myocardium was assessed using the T2 relaxation time of the heart. The T2 relaxation time of the liver and skeletal muscle was also assessed in order to study the relation of iron deposition between heart, liver and skeletal muscle. ECG gated spin echo images were obtained from thirty-eight consecutive adult thalassemic patients examined in an outpatient clinic, aged (x±SD) 25±6 years, using a 0.5 T system. Patients were divided into groups A and B, according to their average serum ferritin levels of the preceding five years (〉 or 〈 2000 ng/ml). Results were compared with nine controls, aged 24±7 years. Heart T2 relaxation time in the control group (x±SD)(48.3±5.5 msec) was higher compared to group A (28.4±6.7 msec, p〈0.001) but not to group B (43.4±7.4 msec). The T2 relaxation time of the heart correlated positively with the T2 relaxation time of the liver (r=0.68, p〈0.001) and negatively with ferritin levels (r=-0.67, p〈0.001). There was no correlation with the T2 relaxation time of skeletal muscle. This study indicates that regularly transfused β-thalassemia patients may present with a broad variation of heart iron deposition which, however, is related to serum ferritin levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005922016048
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  • 92
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    Electronic Resource
    Temporal osteoclastoma: an exceptional lesion in infancy (1998)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 14 (1998), S. 213-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Key words Giant cell tumour ; Immunohistochemistry ; MRI ; Osteoclastoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Osteoclastoma is a rare skeletal lesion, characterized by large multinucleated giant osteoclastic cells; this lesion usually affects young adults with a prevalence of 1 case/1 million population. We report the case of a 9-year-old girl with a right temporal tumescence: X-ray, CT and MRI revealed the presence of a right temporal hyperostotic ring-like area over the lambdoid suture, with irregular margins and calcareous deposits. The tumour was expanding mainly toward the endocranium involving both cranial tables and diploë, without infiltrating the brain parenchyma. The child underwent complete microsurgical removal of the lesion. Histopathological findings revealed the giant cell tumour osteoclastoma. Correct modern preoperative neuroimaging workup, coupled with microneurosurgical technique, allowed successful lesion removal with good outcome. A review of the more recent literature and of mechanisms of pathology together with neuroradiological protocol and results of treatment are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003810050214
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  • 93
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    Electronic Resource
    The role of somatosensory evoked potentials in spinal dysraphism – do they have a prognostic significance? (1998)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 14 (1998), S. 328-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Key words Spinal dysraphism ; MRI ; Preoperative and postoperative SEPs ; Predictive value of SEP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) are not routinely used in spinal dysraphism. In this study 38 patients (29 children and 9 adults) with spinal dysraphism were prospectively studied with the objective of evaluating whether SEPs were a prognostic tool that could be used to predict clinical improvement after repair of a spinal dysraphic lesion. For all patients, preoperative SEP and postoperative SEP (within 1 week of operation) were recorded. Fifteen of these patients also had follow-up postoperative SEP recordings taken within 3 months of operation. A clinical examination was performed at the time of each SEP. Thirty patients had tethered cord, 12 had diastematomyelia and 15 had intra- and/or extradural tumours, which included lipomas and dermoid and epidermoid tumours. Twenty-one children and all adults had abnormal preoperative SEPs. Sixteen children and 4 adults had improved SEPs postoperatively. All these children and 2 of the 4 adults also experienced clinical improvement. Improvement in SEPs preceded clinical improvement in 12/20 patients. We observe that SEPs have a good prognostic value.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003810050236
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  • 94
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    Electronic Resource
    Extrapontine myelinolysis caused by electrolyte imbalance during the management of suprasellar germ cell tumors Report of two cases (1998)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 14 (1998), S. 155-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Key words Extrapontine myelinolysis ; Suprasellar germ cell tumor ; Electrolyte imbalance ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Extrapontine myelinolysis (EPM) is caused by marked fluctuation of the serum electrolyte level. Patients with suprasellar germ cell tumors frequently present with diabetes insipidus, which is often aggravated by administration of steroid hormone. In addition, cisplatin-based chemotherapy is sometimes accompanied by marked serum electrolyte fluctuation because it needs massive hydration to prevent renal damage. Two children with suprasellar germ cell tumors in whom EPM developed secondary to profound hyponatremia and was rapidly corrected are described. The central pons was spared in both cases. Clinically the children showed transient neurological deficits including confusion, pseudobulbar palsy, and deterioration of consciousness. MRI demonstrated bilateral symmetrical, high-signal-intensity (HSI) lesions on T2-weighted images (T2WI) at the basal ganglia and adjacent cerebral cortex. Follow-up T1WI a few months later revealed newly developed HSI lesions in the basal ganglia. The patients gradually improved, but the neurological deficits did not completely disappear. During the perioperative management of suprasellar germ cell tumors, EPM should be considered when a patient has a significant electrolyte imbalance and neurological deficits, especially confusion and pseudobulbar palsy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003810050202
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A split cord malformation (1998)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 14 (1998), S. 398-400 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Key words Split cord malformation ; Diastematomyelia ; Tethered cord ; MRI ; CT myelography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This report describes a case of split cord malformation without a septum. A 2-year-old boy presented with a 3-month history of neurogenic bladder. MRI did not show any apparent abnormality around the conus medullaris. However, CT myelography clearly demonstrated the presence of a split filum terminale. The patient underwent laminectomy of L1–5 laminas and untethering of the split filum terminale. CT myelography was superior to MRI in diagnosing split cord malformation in this case. As MRI is currently regarded as the superior imaging modality, this reported case may have been missed because the pathology was not apparent on MRI.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003810050253
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Einfluß der arthroskopischen Therapie auf den Verlauf der Osteochondrosis dissecans des Knie- und oberen Sprunggelenks (1998)
    Springer
    Arthroskopie 11 (1998), S. 193-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-3924
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Osteochondrosis dissecans ; Operative Therapie ; Konservative Therapie ; MRT ; Key words Osteochondritis dissecans ; Surgical treatment ; Non-operative treatment ; Conservative treatment ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: In this study the course of osteochondritis dissecans at two often affected areas, the femoral condyles of the knee joint and the talus at the upper ankle joint, is evaluated by studying and comparing the medium-term outcome in 40 patients treated conservatively and 72 patients treated surgically by arthroscopy. The criterion of assessment was magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which shows a close correlation to the arthroscopic stages of osteochondritis. The stages on MRI follow the morphology of the interface, i.e., the zone between the osteochondral fragment and the parent bone, on T1- and T2-weighted images. After 18 and 24 months there were no substantial differences visible on MRI between the two different treatment groups. In fact, in the majority of cases (〉 60%) the MRI result was the same in spite of the treatment that had been carried out. Arthroscopic treatment compared to conservative treatment resulted in a small percentage in a reintegration in the sense of upgrading on the MRI (36% to 30%); nevertheless, a disintegration could not be avoided in all cases (4%). In both treatment groups the age of the patient seems to play an important role in the course of osteochondritis, juvenile forms following a milder course than adult forms.
    Notes: In der vorliegenden Studie wird die Entwicklung der Osteochondrosis dissecans (OD) im Bereich 2er häufiger Lokalisationen, an den Femurkondylen des Kniegelenks und der Talusrolle des oberen Sprunggelenks, einerseits nach konservativer Therapie (40 Patienten) und andererseits nach operativer, arthroskopischer Therapie (72 Patienten) im mittelfristigen Verlauf geprüft und miteinander verglichen. Als Beurteilungskriterium wurde die MRT herangezogen, die eine enge Korrelation mit den arthroskopischen Stadien der OD aufweist. Die Stadieneinteilung in der MRT erfolgte anhand der Morphologie des sog. Grenzsaums, d. h. der Zone zwischen osteochondralem Herd und Mausbett, in der T 1 - und T 2 -gewichteten Spinechosequenz. Wesentliche Unterschiede zwischen den beiden Behandlungsgruppen bezüglich der Darstellung in der MRT zeigten sich im mittelfristigen Verlauf (18 bzw. 24 Monate) nicht. In der Mehrzahl der Fälle, (〉 60%) blieb der kernspintomographische Befund trotz der durchgeführten Therapie unverändert. Die arthroskopische Behandlung führte, im Vergleich zur konservativen Therapie, in einem geringfügig höheren Prozentsatz (36% im Vergleich zu 30%) zu einer kernspintomographisch nachgewiesenen Reintegration im Sinn eines upgradings, sie konnte eine Desintegration der OD jedoch nicht in allen Fällen verhindern (4%). In beiden Behandlungsgruppen nahm das Lebensalter Einfluß auf den Verlauf der OD mit günstigeren Verläufen bei der juvenilen als bei der adulten Form.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001420050038
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anterior disk displacement of the temporomandibular joint (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of orofacial orthopedics 59 (1998), S. 39-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6714
    Keywords: Clinical symptoms ; Occlusion ; MRI ; Anterior disk displacement ; Klinische Symptome ; Okklusion ; MRT ; Anteriore Diskusverlagerung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zur Überprüfung der Wertigkeit typisch klinischer Symptome für Funktionsstörungen zur Diagnose von Diskusverlagerungen wurden 84 Kiefergelenke von 59 Patienten mit Funktionsstörungen und 31 Kiefergelenke von klinisch asymptomatischen Probanden mittels Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) untersucht und die einzelnen klinischen Befunde der Art der Diskusvergerung gegenübergestellt. Zwischen dem Grad der anterioren Diskusverlagerung und einem positiven Palpationsbefund der Kaumuskulatur, einem Palpationsschmerz der Kiefergelenke und dem Auftreten von Gelenkgeräuschen ergaben sich keine signifikanten Beziehungen. Bei funktionsgestörten Patienten zeigte sich mit 65% bei normaler Diskusposition (NDP) fast ebenso oft ein Gelenkknacken wie bei Patienten mit anteriorer Diskusverlagerung mit Reposition (VMR, 68%). Signifikante Beziehungen bestanden zwischen aktiver Mundöffnung und Diskusposition sowie anamnestisch angegebenen Schmerzen und Diskusposition. Während bei NDP- und VMR-Patienten mit 48 (±5) mm und 46 (±5) mm ähnlich hohe Mundöffnungswerte vorlagen, nahmen diese bei Patienten mit anteriorer Diskusverlagerung ohne Reposition (VOR) auf 42 (±6) mm signifikant ab. Okklusale Befunde (Differenz zwischen zentrischer und habitueller Okklusion 〉2 mm, vorzeitige okklusale Kontakte, Auftreten von Schliffacetten) zeigten in ihrer Gesamtheit wie auch in der Einzelbetrachtung keine signifikanten Beziehungen zur Diskusposition. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß für die Diagnostik von Funktionsstörungen allgemein als bedeutend anerkannte klinische Symptome in bezug auf die Art und das Vorliegen einer anterioren Diskusverlagerung allein keine sichere Aussage zulassen. Dies betrifft besonders die anteriore Diskusverlagerung ohne Reposition. Gleichzeitig wird die Zuverlässigkeit der MRT für die klinisch oft schwierige Diagnostik der Bestimmung der Diskusverlagerung bei Patienten mit Funktionsstörungen des Kausystems bestätigt.
    Notes: Summary In order to examine the diagnostic significance of typical clinical symptoms in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders for diagnosis of anterior disk displacement, clinical findings were compared with the degree of disk displacement in 84 TMJs of 59 patients with TMJ disorders, who were examined clinically and by means of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The control group consisted of 31 subjects with no TMJ symptoms. No significant correlation between the degree of anterior disk displacement and palpation pain of the masticatory muscles or clicking/crepitus of the TMJ could be found. Joint clicking was observed in 65% of patients with TMJ symptoms in normal disk position (NDP). The percentage of joint clicking was almost the same in patients with anterior disk displacement with reposition (ADWR) (68%). There were significant correlations between active mouth opening and disk position as well as between a history of pain and disk position. Patients with NDP and ADWR had almost identical mouth opening values: 48 (±5) mm and 46 (±5) mm respectively. In contrast to these groups the mean values decreased significantly to 42 (±6) mm in patients with anterior disk displacement without reposition (ADWOR). There were no significant correlations between occlusal findings (centric relation and habitual relation, early occlusal contacts, abrasion facets) and disk position when viewed either collectively or individually.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01321554
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Imaging techniques in neoplastic meningiosis (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of neuro-oncology 38 (1998), S. 111-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7373
    Keywords: neoplastic meningiosis ; MRI ; CT ; gadolinium ; enhancement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Since the introduction of CT and MRI as diagnostic aids, it has been possible to obtain direct images of neoplastic meningiosis. After more than ten years experience, the combination of MRI with the administration of a paramagnetic contrast medium is now accepted as the method of choice for the sensitive detection of meningeal diseases and for monitoring their treatment. The almost uniform character of leptomeningeal or pachymeningeal enhancement in the presence of infective, inflammatory, neoplastic, vascular or reactive changes is the reason for the restricted specificity of MRI, so that with the imaging process alone only very limited information about the etiology is available. Clinical data, laboratory findings, examination of the CSF and histopathological examination are therefore essential for interpreting the meningeal changes and making a differential diagnosis. Various pathophysiological processes can lead to a single meningeal enhancement visualizable with MRI: 1. a genuine disturbance of the blood-brain barrier is found in the presence of infection or inflammation, 2. leptomeningeal structures can be directly infiltrated by sheets or nodules of tumors, the blood vessels of which possess no intact blood-brain barrier, 3. physical or chemical irritants may produce of local inflammatory reaction with vascular proliferation and its corresponding enhancement, a 4. a pseudoenhancement may follow reactive dilatation of the vessels. In the present article the various appearances of neoplastic invasion of the meninges in MRI and their differential diagnosis will be described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005914321578
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    17O-NMR, EPR and NMRD Characterization of [Gd(DTPA-BMEA)(H2O)]: A Neutral MRI Contrast Agent (1998)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 1998 (1998), S. 2017-2021 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: MRI ; GdIII complexes ; NMR spectroscopy ; NMRD ; Lanthanides ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A study including variable-temperature and -pressure, multiple-field 17O NMR, EPR and NMRD has been performed on the MRI contrast agent, [Gd(DTPA-BMEA)(H2O)]. The water exchange rate [kex298 = (0.39 ± 0.02) × 106 s-1] and the activation volume (ΔV≠ = +7.4 ± 0.4 cm3 mol-1), hence the mechanism, are identical to those for [Gd(DTPA-BMA)(H2O)]. The longer rotational correlation time of [Gd(DTPA-BMEA)(H2O)], as obtained from a global analysis of 17O-NMR, EPR and NMRD data, and compared to that of [Gd(DTPA-BMA)(H2O)], can be explained by water molecules hydrogen-bonded to the ether oxygen atoms of the ligand side chain.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solitary plasmacytoma in the thoracic spine. Two case reports (1998)
    Springer
    Neurosurgical review 21 (1998), S. 121-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-2320
    Keywords: MRI ; solitary plasmacytoma ; thoracic spine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Plasmacytoma of the spine is rather common, but solitary occurence is not. We report two cases of solitary plasmacytomas in the thoracic spine. A 72 year old male and a 77 year old male presented with progressive paraparesis. In both cases, magnetic resonance images revealed tumors in the thoracic spine which predominantly occupied the posterior elements of the spine with compression of the spinal cord. Abnormal proteinuria and proteinemia were not detected. The tumors were removed and patients' symptoms improved, the tumors were diagnosed by histopathology to be plasmacytomas. Further neuroradiological studies suggested them to be single lesions, so that the final diagnosis was solitary plasmacytomas. Solitary plasmacytoma should be considered for diagnosis of single spinal lesion even without abnormal proteinemia or proteinuria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02389317
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