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  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 352 (1974), S. 121-133 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Urate ; Protein Interaction ; Uptake by Erythrocytes ; Renal Reabsorption ; Man ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Interaction of urate with human and rat plasma was studied by a dialysis technique at different temperatures. At 4° C a certain fraction of urate is bound to proteins. However, this fraction diminishes with increasing temperature and at 37° C only some 7–8% (in man) and 2% (in rat) interact with proteins. The finding that urate is almost completely filtered in the glomerulus is discussed. In body areas exposed to low temperatures protein binding of urate may be of importance. Urate uptake by erythrocytes is characterized by two components: a fast component equilibrating almost immediately at about 7% in man and 17% in rat and a slow component reaching equilibrium after 60 min, at 28% and 36%, respectively. The process is described by a mathematical formula. Lowering of the temperature mainly diminishes uptake by the slow component withQ 10-values ranging between 1.5 and 4.0. In the observed range of concentrations the uptake process does not saturate. The results at lower pH-values suggest that it is unionized uric acid which is transported by the slow component. Application of the data to kidney medulla supports the hypothesis that erythrocytes and, probably, to a lesser extent plasma proteins serve as vehicles for urate reabsorption in the countercurrent system. Such a temporary interaction enables uric acid to escape recirculation and to leave the kidney medulla.
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  • 102
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    Psychopharmacology 39 (1974), S. 237-244 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Antagonism ; Fixed Interval ; Scopolamine ; Physostigmine ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this research was to determine if 2 drugs, scopolamine and physostigmine which have opposite effects on cholinergic transmission also produce opposite effects on fixed-interval (FI) performance. Scopolamine and a wide range of doses of physostigmine were administered singly and concurrently to a number of rats responding on a FI 2 min schedule. Scopolamine produced a disruption in FI curvature which could be antagonized by physostigmine, but physostigmine by itself produced no consistent change.
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  • 103
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    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 40 (1974), S. 91-99 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Lithium ; Social Behaviour ; Sex ; Novelty ; Photographs ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Effects of lithium chloride on the social behaviour of male and female rats were measured in unfamiliar and familiar test situations using a photographic technique. Lithium-treated females showed an increase in body contact and a decrease in social distances in comparison with saline-treated controls in both test conditions. Males administered lithium showed increased corner occupancies in the novel test setting while in the familiar test they showed decreased body contact and increased average group social distance in comparison with the saline condition. Further tests in an exploration box confirmed that lithium decreased the general environmental responsiveness of male rats. The results are discussed with reference to the anti-aggressive effect of lithium.
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  • 104
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: LRF ; Hypothalamic localization ; Rat ; Ependyma ; Glia ; Light and electron microscopic Autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Light and electron microscopic autoradiographic analysis of the medial basal hypothalamus of rat brains incubated for 30 and 60 minutes in tritiated luteinizing releasing factor (3H-LRF) revealed selective uptake in the form of silver grains over specialized ependyma (tanycytes) and perivascular glial cells in the palisade-contact zone of the median eminence. The functional capacity of tanycytes and glia are discussed in light of these data.
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  • 105
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    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 150 (1974), S. 493-496 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Serotonin ; Neurotransmitter ; Myenteric plexus ; Rat ; Histofluorescence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Several recent studies suggested that serotonergic neuron-like elements are present in the guinea pig ileum. The present paper reports an extensive study of the digestive tract of the rat with the use of a histofluorescence technique. Administration of the serotonin precursor, tryptophan, associated with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, did not allow histochemical demonstration of rapidly fading, yellow fluorescent, 6-hydroxydopamine-resistant neurons; conversely such neurons were readily detected in the brain. It is concluded that serotonergic neuron-like elements cannot be detected histochemically in the rat myenteric plexus area after chemical sympathectomy.
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  • 106
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    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 151 (1974), S. 457-469 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Juxtaglomerular apparatus ; Rat ; Adrenalectomy ; Renin and secretory granules ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Reaktion des juxtaglomerulären Apparates auf Adrenalektomie wurde untersucht. Im Stadium der Nebenniereninsuffizienz, sechs Tage nach der Operation, wurde quantitativ morphometrisch eine Abnahme der Volumendichte der Sekretgranula (von 32% auf 16%) festgestellt. Golgi-Apparat und Ergastoplasma proliferieren stark, wobei insbesondere die erweiterten Cisternen des Ergastoplasmas auffallen.
    Notes: Summary The response of the Juxtaglomerular apparatus to bilateral adrenalectomy was studied in rats. After the sixth postoperative day, symptoms of severe adrenal insufficiency had developed. In the Juxtaglomerular cells, the volume density of the secretory granules decreased from 32% to 16%. The Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum underwent considerable proliferation, the latter showing strikingly enlarged cisternae.
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  • 107
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    Cell & tissue research 151 (1974), S. 525-536 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenal cortex ; Rat ; Sex differences ; Gonadal hormones ; Karyometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Adrenal glands of adult female rats are heavier than the glands of corresponding male rats. Postpubertal orchiectomy increases the adrenal weight, an effect restored by testosterone replacement. Under the same conditions ovariectomy of 8 weeks duration does not change the adrenal weight while estradiol replacement enhances the relative adrenal weight. Karyometric studies have shown that nuclei in the female zona fasciculata cells are larger (app. 18%) than those of the male. Similar but only slight differences (2%) were observed in the zona reticularis. Orchiectomy results in enlargement of cell nuclei within all zones of the adrenal cortex; testosterone replacement has the opposite effect. Ovariectomy of 8 weeks duration slightly enhances the volume of nuclei of the zona glomerulosa cells, has no effect on the nuclei of the zona fasciculata and reduces the volume of nuclei in the zona reticularis. Estradiol replacement reduces the volume of nuclei of the zona glomerulosa cells but increases nuclear volume in the zona fasciculata and in the zona reticularis. Thus testosterone has an inhibitory effect on the adrenal cortex of the rat while the physiologic effect of estradiol on the morphology of this gland, particularly on the zona fasciculata cells is rather dubious. The author wishes to thank Mrs. B. Westerska and Miss K. Siejak for excellent technical assistance.
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  • 108
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    Cell & tissue research 151 (1974), S. 537-547 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenal cortex ; Rat ; Sex differences ; Gonadal hormone ; Stereologic studies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Adult female rats have heavier adrenals than males. Orchiectomy increases the adrenal weight, an effect reversed by testosterone. Neither ovariectomy nor estradiol replacement has an effect on absolute adrenal weight. The stereologic analysis of the volume fractions of particular adrenocortical zones have shown that the volume fraction of the zona glomerulosa in females is smaller as compared with males. On the contrary, the volume fractions of the fasciculata and reticularis zones are higher in female than in male rats. In both sexes gonadectomy and gonadal hormone replacement has an effect on the volume fractions of particular adrenocortical zones, these changes being more pronounced due to orchiectomy or testosterone replacement. The adrenal cortex of all experimental groups contains a similar quantity of parenchymal cells. The cytoplasm volume of a single adrenocortical cell is higher in all zones of the female adrenals as compared with the male. Orchiectomy increases the volume of the cytoplasm in fasciculata and reticularis cells. This effect was reversed by testosterone. Neither ovariectomy nor estradiol replacement has an effect on the volume of the cytoplasm in the fasciculata and reticularis cells. These studies have shown that sex differences with regards to rat adrenal size and weight depend upon the “physiologic atrophy” of the male adrenal cortex, while neither ovariectomy (8 weeks after operation) nor estradiol replacement has a conspicuous effect on the morphologic changes of this gland.
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  • 109
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    Cell & tissue research 147 (1974), S. 259-269 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Nerve endings ; Hair ; Rat ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Palisade-shaped nerve endings of the small normal hairs of the rat snout were examined with the electron microscope (fixation by perfusion). The terminals are located inside the ‘glassy membrane’ in the area of the neck of the hair root. The 10–20 radially arranged terminal axons are in direct contact with the basement membrane of the epithelium of the external root sheath. The axons are surrounded on all sides by leaf-shaped processes of the Schwann cells. The surfaces of these cell processes are marked by numerous vesicle-like invaginations (approx. 1000 Å dia.). Transverse sections from several areas of the palisadeshaped nerve endings are compared with longitudinal sections. In the upper area ‘empty’ vesicles (approx. 500–600 Å in diameter) occur, along with electron-dense vesicles (approx. 800–1100 Å in diameter); in the middle area, the axons are distended and contain accumulations of mitochondria.
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  • 110
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    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 147 (1974), S. 183-190 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Kidney ; Rat ; Bowman's capsule ; Experimental hypertension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The parietal layer of Bowman's capsule was examined in the rat in control animals and in animals made hypertensive by treatment with desoxycorticosterone acetatesaline and by clipping of the renal artery. At an early stage of elevation of blood pressure and, occasionally, prior to elevation of blood pressure, the epithelial cells of this layer showed basal cytoplasmic protrusion and reduplication accompanied by an increase in the thickness of the basement membrane. These changes preceded evidence of glomerular or renal arteriolar pathology. They presumably reflect either a response of this layer to increased blood pressure and modified glomerular function, or a direct effect of the factors that also induces blood pressure elevation. In either case, they imply a greater functional significance for the parietal layer than has usually been attributed to it.
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  • 111
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    Cell & tissue research 148 (1974), S. 57-67 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Prostate ; Rat ; Cyproterone ; Alterations ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The dorsal lobe and the coagulating gland of the rat prostate were studied after administration of the anti-androgenic compound Cyp A for varying periods (7–20 days). There was a general involution of the organs with macroscopic atrophy and reduced amount of secretory material. Ultrastructurally the cells were pale, contained less organelles as compared with the controls, loss of cytoplasm and reduction both of cell height and width. The major changes also included reduction of the Golgi area, the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the number of free ribosomes. Within the dorsal lobe prominent nuclear changes were found, comprising different types of intranuclear inclusions of membranous configurations. The alterations observed in the present study are similar to the changes which were found in castrated animals and are consistent with atrophy. The results are discussed in relation to the available biochemical and autoradiographic data on the different lobes.
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  • 112
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    Cell & tissue research 150 (1974), S. 95-105 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Mucosal mast cells ; Rat ; Compound 48/80 ; Degranulation, Release ; Light microscopy ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Mast cells in the tongue and lamina propria of the duodenal mucosa, representing two cell types with different morphological, histochemical and functional properties have been studied under the electron microscope. Both cell types were found to contain similar moderately electron dense and homogeneous granules surrounded by a tight membrane constituting the basic ultrastructural characteristics of mast cells. The mucosal mast cells, however, contained fewer granules per cell and the individual granules often exhibited considerable variation in size. In addition the mucosal mast cells, unlike those of the tongue, peritoneum and skin, had a smooth plasma membrane lacking microvilli and possessed irregularly shaped or lobulated nuclei. In the tongue mast cells, administration of Compound 48/80 caused the formation of vacuoles around the granules, expulsion of granules from the cells and disintegration of the granular matrix, but no changes that could be attributed to 48/80 could be found in the mucosal mast cells.
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  • 113
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    Cell & tissue research 154 (1974), S. 443-470 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Oocytes and T-prospermatogonia ; Rat ; Quantitative analysis ; Autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei der Ratte findet die sexuelle Differenzierung der Gonade zwischen dem 14. und 15. Tag post conceptionem (p.c.) statt. Während dieser Zeit teilen sich die Oogonien und deren Parallelpopulation—die M-prospermatogonien (multiplying prospermatogonia) oder I-Gonocyten—sehr häufig. Um den 17. Tag p.c. tritt die letzte Generation der Oogonien bzw. der M-prospermatogonien in die Mitose. Die Mitosen bilden häufig “synchronisierte Gruppen”. Die postmitotischen Kerne ihrer Tochterzellen—der Oocyten und der T 1 prospermatogonien (primary transitional prospermatogonia) oder II-Gonocyten—sind klein. Ihr Chromatin ist in Form gröberer Schollen der Kernmembran angelagert. Auf diese Weise kommt das typische “krustenförmige” Aussehen bzw. die Ähnlichkeit mit den Prophasen der Oogonien und M-prospermatogonien zustande. Die Oocyten durchlaufen zunächst die G1-phase (etwa 10 Std Dauer) und treten dann—am Ende des Präleptotänstadiums—in die S-phase. Dann passieren sie die verschiedenen Stadien der meiotischen Prophase und treten vom 3. Tag post partum (p.p.) ab in das Dictyotänstadium. Die T1-prospermatogonien hingegen befinden sich etwa 10 Tage lang in der G1-phase, ohne wesentliche morphologische Veränderungen aufzuweisen. Vom 4. Tag p.p. an durchlaufen sie die S-Phase. Die S-Phasen-Dauer (D-S) beider Zellarten beträgt 11.5 Std und wurde durch Doppelmarkierung mit 14C- und 3H-Thymidin bestimmt. Als am besten geeignete Termine für die Bestimmung der D-S erwiesen sich bei den Oocyten der 18. Tag p.c. und bei den T1-prospermatogonien der 5. Tag p.p. Zu diesen beiden Zeitpunkten war die Anzahl der in die S-phase ein-und austretenden Oocyten bzw. T1-prospermatogonien gleich, die Zellen in S-phase befanden sich im “steady state”. Das Kernvolumen der Oogonien und M-prospermatogonien ist etwa doppelt so groß wie das der postmitotischen Oocyten und T1-prospermatogonien. Bis zum 5. Tage p.p. nimmt das Kernvolumen der Oocyten und T1-prospermatogonien um etwa das Fünffache zu. Der Degenerationsindex der Oocyten liegt wesentlich höher als der der T1-prospermatogonien; er ist postnatal besonders hoch. Aus den T1-prospermatogonien gehen am 4. und 5. Tage p.p. durch Teilung die T 2-prospermatogonien (secondary transitional prospermatogonia) hervor. Die Kerne dieses Zelltyps sind etwas kleiner also die der T1-prospermatogonien. Die T2-prospermatogonien treten am 6. Tage p.p. in die Mitose; es entstehen die ersten A-spermatogonien.
    Notes: Summary In the rat (Wistar-WU) sexual differentiation of the gonads occurs between days 14 and 15 post conception (p.c.). At this time the oogonia and their parallel population — the M-prospermatogonia (I-gonocytes)—divide rapidly. On about day 17 p.c., the last generation of oogonia and M-prospermatogonia, frequently arranged in synchronized clusters, enters mitosis. The postmitotic nuclei of their daughter cells—oocytes and T 1-prospermatogonia (II-gonocytes)—are small; coarse flakes of chromatin are associated with the nuclear membrane causing the typical “crustlike” appearance and the similarity with the prophases of oogonia and M-prospermatogonia. After the oocytes have passed a G1-phase of approximately 10 hr, they enter the S-phase at the end of the preleptotene stage. Then they pass the different stages of the meiotic prophase until they enter the dictyate stage from 3 day post partum (p.p.) onwards. The T1-prospermatogonia, on the other hand, spend a long G1-phase of about 10 days without any conspicuous morphological change before entering the S-phase from day 4 p.p. onwards. The duration of the S-pbase (D-S) of both cell types—oocytes and T1-prospermatogonia—as determined by the double labeling method with 14C- and 3H-thymidine is found to be 11.5 hr. The most favourable time for determining the D-S was day 18 p.c. for the oocytes and day 5 p.p. for the T1-prospermatogonia. On these two days the balance was reached between the cells entering and leaving the S-phase. The nuclear volumes of the postmitotic oocytes and T1-prospermatogonia are approximately half the size of those of their precursors. Until day 5 p.p. the nuclear volumes of the oocytes and T1-prospermatogonia increase about fivefold. The degeneration index of the oocytes is considerably higher than that of the T1-prospermatogonia; postnatally it is especially high. T 2 prospermatogonia arise by mitosis of the T1-prospermatogonia on day 4 and 5 p.p. The nuclei of this cell type are smaller than those of T1-prospermatogonia. T2-prospermatogonia enter mitosis on day 6 p.p and give rise to A-spermatogonia.
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  • 114
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    Cell & tissue research 155 (1974), S. 231-243 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pinealocyte-resembling cells ; Habenular region ; Sympathetic nerve fibres ; Ontogenetic development ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The cells of the pineal gland, the pineal stalk, and the lamina intercalaris contain 5-HT and are innervated by sympathetic nerve fibres. These peripheral nerve fibres continue rostrally from the lamina intercalaris and run into the central nervous tissue of stria medullaris and the habenular nuclei. Pharmacological treatment to increase the cellular 5-HT content revealed that the sympathetic fibres are in close relation to yellow fluorescent cells embedded in the brain tissue. These yellow fluorescent cells develop very late in the ontogenetic development (three weeks or more postnatally) and are preceded by ingrowth of sympathetic fibres into the brain tissue. The results support the hypothesis that the cells found in the habenular region are of pinealocyte rather than neuronal nature, but it is possible that they differ in certain aspects from the cells of the pineal gland proper.
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  • 115
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    Cell & tissue research 148 (1974), S. 203-211 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypothalamus ; Rat ; Supraoptic nucleus ; Ultrastructure ; Somatic spines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electron microscopic studies of ultrathin serial sections of the perikarya and adjacent neuropil of neurons of the supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the adult male rat revealed varying forms of two types of somatic spines. One type forms synapses with axons passing the cell, the other, without synapses, appears to serve as a buttress or clasp for adjacent neuronal and glial processes. The synapse-bearing spines lack the usual spine apparatus but contain the flocculent substance often seen in spines. The other spines do not exhibit either of these structures. These somatic spines were also seen in Golgi impregnated preparations but the types could not be distinguished. Certain axons synapse either on a somatic spine of the perikarya or penetrate the glial sheath of the neuron and synapse, usually repeatedly, on the soma in an en passant manner.
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  • 116
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    Cell & tissue research 148 (1974), S. 371-379 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pineal gland ; Rat ; Electric coupling areas ; Freeze-etching
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pineal glands of Wistar rats were fixed in glutaraldehyde and prepared by the freeze-etching technique. With regard to the form and internal structure of pineal cells this technique has revealed nothing essentially new. Synaptic ribbons are very rarely found. A regular diagonal arrangement of membrane attached particles between the Schwann cell and the axon of an autonomic nerve terminal was observed. Three types of contact areas between pineal cells are described. In the first two types, which occur more frequently, the diameter of the area varied from 1000 to 2500 Å, with irregularly aggregated membrane associated particles. The third type, larger but less frequently found, has a surface area of 0.4 μm2 and much more regularly distributed membrane associated particles (ø 88 Å). These contact areas can be considered to be electric coupling areas between pineal cells.
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  • 117
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    Cell & tissue research 147 (1974), S. 285-292 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Median eminence ; Rat ; Serotonin terminals ; 5,6- and 5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine ; Chemical degeneration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electron microscopical evidence for the existence of an important serotonergic input to the rat median eminence is presented. This evidence is based on the demonstration of degenerating nerve terminals in the external layer of the rat median eminence following the application of 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine or 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine, drugs known to exert more or less selective toxic effects on central serotonin neurons. The finding of a serotonergic innervation of the median eminence in mammals has important implications for 5-hydroxytryptamine as a modulator of synthesis and/or release of hypothalamic, hypophysiotropic hormones.
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  • 118
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    Cell & tissue research 149 (1974), S. 91-104 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Anococcygeal muscle ; Smooth muscle ; Rat ; Innervation, adrenergic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The rat anococcygeus muscle, which is known from previous functional and histochemical investigations to be a smooth muscle with a dense adrenergic innervation, was studied by electron microscopic methods. The muscle was found to be organized in small bundles of 2 to 8 muscle cells, which were interconnected by desmosome-like junctions and by gap junctions. Small Schwann cell-axon complexes with 1 to 5 axons appeared to represent the functional terminal nerve pathway. Such axon complexes were located at the periphery of the small smooth muscle bundles, they never penetrated into them. A ratio of approximately 6 small axon complexes per 100 muscle cells was found. After glutaraldehyde fixation axon varicosities contained mainly small empty vesicles. After treatment with 5-hydroxydopamine and permanganate fixation mainly small vesicles with a dense core were found. The neuromuscular distances ranged from 550 to 5000 Å, with a mean of about 2600 Å. True close neuromuscular contacts at a distance below 500 Å with a fusing of basal laminae were absent. The present observations provide a morphological base for the findings of previous electrophysiological and pharmacological studies on the anococcygeal muscle.
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  • 119
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    Cell & tissue research 149 (1974), S. 113-120 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenal cortex ; Rat ; Sex-hormones ; Ultramorphometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ultramorphometrisch wurde nach dem Verfahren von Rohr et al. (1971) die äußere Zona fasciculata von Sprague-Dawley-Ratten bei 5 Gruppen zu je 4 Tieren verglichen: Männchen, Weibchen im Diöstrus, Weibchen im Östrus, männliche und weibliche Kastraten (Kastration am 4. Lebenstag). Die Nebennierenrindenzellen der äu\eren Fasciculata sind bei Weibchen gegenüber denen normaler Männchen hypertroph: Weibchen im Diöstrus zeigen gegenüber Männchen größere Einzelzellen mit vermehrtem glattem endoplasmatischem Reticulum, erhöhten Einzel- und Gesamtvolumina der Mitochondrien sowie einem höheren Lipoidgehalt bei stärkerer Dispersion der Liposomen. Dieselben funktionsspezifischen Strukturen nehmen bei den Weibchen im Östrus noch weiter zu. Die Kastration der Weibchen am 4. Lebenstag führt zu einer Reduktion der funktionsspezifischen morphometrischen Parameter unter die Werte der Diöstrus-Tiere. Männliche Kastraten gleichen die Werte ihrer funktionsspezifischen Strukturen weitgehend denen der Weibchen im Diöstrus an. Nach Kastration am 4. Lebenstag zeigen weibliche Tiere somit etwas niedrigere morphonietrische Parameter in der äußeren Zona fasciculata als die männlichen Kastraten.
    Notes: Summary With the method of Rohr et al. (1971) the outer zona fasciculata of Sprague-Dawley-rats was compared ultramorphometrically in 5 groups of 4 animals each: males, females during diestrus, females during estrus, male and female castrates (castration on 4th day of life). Adrenal cortical cells of the outer fasciculata in females are hypertrophic in comparison with those of normal males: females during diestrus show in comparison with males larger individual cells with increased SER, increased volume of the individual mitochondrium and total volume of mitochondria as well as an increased lipoid content together with a more pronounced dispersion of liposomes. The same function-specific structures show a further increase in females during estrus. Castration of females on the 4th day of life leads to a reduction of the function-specific morphometric parameters below the values of the diestrus animals. Male castrates show adaption of the values of their function-specific structures towards those of females during diestrus. Following castration on the 4th day of life, female animals thus show somewhat lower morphometric parameters in the outer zona fasciculata than male castrates.
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  • 120
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    Cell & tissue research 149 (1974), S. 235-243 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenal zona glomerulosa ; Rat ; Normal ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary This paper reports on an electron microscopic study of the adrenal zona glomerulosa in the normal rat, with special emphasis on the structural diversity of mitochondria in its parenchymatous cells. The mitochondria of cristae may be tubulo-vesicular, plate-like and/or straight tubular, any one mitochondrion containing one or more types of cristae. The mitochondrial features of the zona glomerulosa parenchymatous cells are attributed to the biochemical stages of aldosterone synthesis, taking place in different mitochondria of these cells.
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  • 121
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system ; Rat ; Granule distribution ; Electron microscopy, morphometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Neurohypophyse und die neurosekretorischen hypothalamischen Kerngebiete von normalen männlichen und weiblichen Ratten, von trächtigen und durstenden Tieren wurden elektronenmikroskopisch und morphometrisch mit der Fragestellung untersucht, ob sich in den Häufigkeitsverteilungen der mittleren Granula-Durchmesser, bezogen auf die Anzahl der Axone, eine zweigipflige Verteilung ergibt. Bei Kontrolltieren zeigen die Perikarya des Nucleus supraopticus zahlreichere und größere Granula als die Zellen des Nucleus paraventricularis, wobei der Unterschied in den Durchmessern der Granula bei den weiblichen Tieren ausgeprägter ist als bei den männlichen. Beide Kontrollgruppen zeigen in der Neurohypophyse ein zweigipfliges Verteilungsmuster der Granula, wobei die beiden Gipfel bei den männlichen Kontrollen dichter beieinander liegen als bei den weiblichen. Bei den trächtigen Tieren weisen beide Kerngebiete Zeichen gesteigerter Aktivität auf und die Granula in den Zellen des Nucleus paraventricularis sind deutlich größer als bei Kontrolltieren. Zu Beginn der Tragzeit werden relativ große, wahrscheinlich vasopressinhaltige Granula in der Neurohypophyse gespeichert, während sich im letzten Drittel der Tragezeit die beiden Populationen dort nicht mehr unterscheiden lassen. Nach 48 Std. Wasserentzug erscheinen beide hypothalamischen Kerne aktiviert. Auffallend ist, daß die Granula im Nucleus supraopticus deutlich kleiner sind als bei Kontrolltieren. Entsprechend fehlen in der Neurohypophyse große Granula, während Axone mit kleinen Granula vermehrt sind. Nach zehntägiger Durstperiode lassen sich im Nucleus supraopticus, neben sehr typischen morphologischen Veränderungen, morphometrisch ebenfalls deutlich kleinere Granula nachweisen. Im Hypophysenhinterlappen dieser Versuchsgruppe sind die granulahaltigen Axone sehr stark vermindert, und in der Häufigkeitsverteilung fehlen die Granula mit großem Durchmesser während der dem Oxytocin zugeordnete Gipfel unverändert erscheint. In Verbindung mit den elektronenmikroskopischen Befunden lassen sich also aus den Verschiebungen der Verteilungsmuster zwischen den sechs Versuchsgruppen die Granula mit kleinerem Durchmesser oxytocinhaltigen Axonen zuordnen und Granula mit größerem Durchmesser zu den Endigungen, die Vasopressin enthalten. Die morphometrischen Befunde in den neurosekretorischen hypothalamischen Kerngebieten bestätigen diese Zuordnung. Die elektronenmikroskopischen und morphometrischen Befunde werden besonders im Hinblick auf die Hormonverschiebungen zwischen dem “reserve pool” und den “easily releasable pool” diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary A morphometric evaluation of electron micrographs has been carried out from neurosecretory terminals in the neurohypophysis and from the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei in normal male and female rats as well as in pregnant and water deprived rats. The task of this investigation was to find out whether frequency distribution diagrams of the mean diameter of the neurosecretory granules, plotted versus the number of axons, reveal a grossly bimodal distribution. In normal rats the nerve cells of the nucleus supraopticus (S.O.N.) show more numerous and larger granules than the cells of the nucleus paraventricularis (P.V.N), this difference with respect to the diameter being more pronounced in female than in male animals. In the posterior pituitary lobes the neurosecretory granules exhibit a bimodal distribution, the second peak being situated more closely to the first one in male controls. In pregnant animals both nuclei appear to be activated, and the granules of P.V.N. are distinctly larger as compared to those of female control animals. In early pregnancy larger, i.e. presumably vasopressin-containing granules are stored in the neurohypophysis, while in the last phase before delivery oxytocin-containing neurons and vasopressin-containing ones cannot be differentiated any more. After 48 hrs of thirst both hypothalamic nuclei exhibit signs of increased activation, the diameters of the granules in the S.O.N. being distinctly smaller than in normals. In the neurohypophysis granules with large diameters are lacking, while axons with small granules are more frequent. In the S.O.N. of animals, water deprived for 10 days the diameters of the granules are smaller than normal and in the neurohypophysis the number of granule-containing fibres is strongly reduced. In the frequency distribution diagram granules with larger diameters are lacking whereas the peak, attributed to oxytocin, is not essentially altered. However, from the observed alteration on the distribution patterns of the six experimental groups and in connection with the electron microscopic results the granules with smaller diameters can be attributed to oxytocin-containing axons and the larger ones to vasopressin-containing terminals. Analogous morphometric data have been obtained from the neurosecretory nuclei as well. The electron-microscopic and morphometric observations are discussed with regard to hormone-shifts between the reserve pool and the easily-releasable pool.
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    Cell & tissue research 151 (1974), S. 471-480 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Juxtaglomerular apparatus ; Rat ; Influence of deoxycorticosterone (DOC) ; Electron microscopy ; Morphometric analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die quantitativ-morphologische Analyse des juxtaglomerulären Apparates nach DOC-Behandlung zeigte, daß mit der Hemmung der Reninbildung eine Hypoplasie der epitheloiden Zellen des juxtaglomerulären Apparates einhergeht. Der Granulagehalt der juxtaglomerulären Zellen nahm ab; die Kern-Plasma-Relation änderte sich und die Leiomyofibrillen in den Epitheloidzellen nahmen zu. An den übrigen Anteilen des juxtaglomerulären Apparates, insbesondere der Macula densa, wurden keine morphologischen Veränderungen beobachtet. Die DOC-Behandlung führte darüber hinaus zu einer Bildung von Einschlüssen in den Podocyten, den Mesangiumzellen und den Zellen der Bowman-Membran. Die verschiedenen Möglichkeiten, über welche Faktoren die juxtaglomerulären Zellen nach DOC-Behandlung degranuliert werden, werden diskutiert. Das ultrastrukturelle Bild der Epitheloidzellen nach DOC-Behandlung entspricht deutlich einer gehemmten Sekretion, da das Ergastoplasma und der Golgi-Apparat ganz besonders stark zurückgebildet werden.
    Notes: Summary Quantitative morphological analysis of the Juxtaglomerular apparatus of rats treated with deoxycorticosterone (DOC) and salt revealed hypoplasia of the epithelioid cells as a concomitant of the inhibition of renin synthesis. The granular content of the Juxtaglomerular cells was significantly decreased, while the nucleus-to-cytoplasm ratio and the volume density of leiomyofilaments in the epithelioid cells increased. No morphological alterations were observed in the remaining constituents of the Juxtaglomerular apparatus, including the macula densa. DOC-treatment also induced the appearance of inclusions in the podocytes in the cells of the mesangium, and in the cells of Bowman's capsule. The possible mechanisms of degranulation of the Juxtaglomerular cells after treatment with DOC are discussed. The ultrastructural appearance of the epithelioid cells after treatment with DOC corresponds to an inhibition of secretion, since the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus undergo marked regressive changes.
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  • 123
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    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 336 (1974), S. 15-23 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Rat ; Splenectomy ; Gastric Ulceration ; Increase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An Ratten wurde der Einfluß von Splenektomie auf Magensaftsekretion und Ulcusentstehung untersucht. Sowohl nach “restraint-stress” als auch Pylorusligatur wiesen die splenektomierten Tiere eine ausgeprägte Steigerung der Ulcuszahl und -größe gegenüber den Kontrolltieren auf. In der Magensaftanalyse waren dagegen die Werte der splenektomierten Tiere gegenüber den scheinoperierten nur geringgradig gesteigert. — Als mögliche Ursache der vermehrten Ulcusanfälligkeit nach Splenektomie wurde eine Veränderung lokaler, nicht säuresekretorischer Faktoren der Magenwand diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary In Splenectomiced rats incidence of gastric ulceration was compaired with control groups. Restraint stress and ligation of pylorus was used as model. Splenectomiced rats do show an higher incidence in both models. Both frequency and extension of gastric ulcer were accumulated significantly. Analysis of gastric secretion was only unessentially raised in comparisom to control-groups. Change of protective factors of stomach as possible reason is discussed.
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  • 124
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974), S. 11-19 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Ausgehend vom Modell des idealen Rohrreaktors wird der Einfluß von Modellvereinfachungen auf die Dynamik des homogenen Rohrreaktors anhand einer exothermen Flüssigphase-Reaktion 1. Ordnung behandelt. Es zeigt sich, daß das dynamische Verhalten des Reaktors durch die Wärmekapazität der Reaktorwand stark beeinflußt wird. Bei bestimmten Änderungen der Betriebsbedingungen können durch diesen Einfluß vorübergehend starke Übertemperaturen ausgelöst werden. Die Auswirkung der Kühlbedingungen auf das dynamische Verhalten und die Stabilität des Reaktors wird untersucht. Diskutiert werden der Einfluß axialer Diffusion und Wärmeleitung und die Berechtigung des Taylor-Diffusionsansatzes bei stark exothermer Reaktion.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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  • 125
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974), S. 31-31 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Schlitzlochblechpackung ; Füllkörperkolonne ; Volumen-Stoffübergangskoeffizient ; Phasengrenzfläche ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 126
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974), S. 38-44 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 127
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Rührkesselreaktor ; Prozeßführung ; Zwischenprodukte ; Selektivität ; Ausbeute ; Äthylenoxid ; Mono- ; Di- und Triäthanolamin ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 128
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974), S. 125-125 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 129
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974) 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 130
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 131
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974), S. 101-106 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 132
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974), S. 211-211 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Wärmeübergang ; erzwungene ; Konvektion ; Rippenrohre ; Druckverlust ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974) 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 134
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974), S. 236-242 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Ausgehend von der Mikrokinetik der verschiedenen Teilphänomene, die den Bruttoumsatz bei heterogen-katalytischen Oberflächenreaktionen bestimmen, wird für das Beispiel eines katalytischen Festbettreaktors gezeigt, wie man mathematische Modelle für den speziellen Fall einer solchen Reaktion erstellt. Insbesondere werden Kriterien besprochen, aufgrund derer man beurteilen kann, wie komplex ein Modell sein muß, um angesichts der begrenzten Genauigkeit kinetischer Parameter und den speziellen Eigenschaften der betreffenden Reaktion eine hinreichend genaue Beschreibung des Verhaltens eines technischen Festbettreaktors zu ermöglichen. Auf numerische Probleme bei der Lösung der zugrundeliegenden Differentialgleichungen, notwendige Vereinfachungen bei der Verwendung von Reaktormodellen zur Prozeßsimulation sowie auf einige Anwendungsbeispiele wird kurz eingegangen.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 135
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974), S. 261-261 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Homogenisieren ; Strahlmischer ; Strömungsprofile ; Mischzeiten ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 136
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Apparatebau ; Verbundkonstruktion ; Schweißverfahren ; Korrosionsverhalten ; Nickel ; Hochdruck-Chlorolyse ; Chlorkohlenwasserstoffe ; Tetrachlorkohlenstoff ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 138
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 139
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974), S. 299-299 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Prozeß-Simulation ; Anlagenberechnung (verf. technisch) ; Rückstrom ; Materialbilanz ; Iteration ; Konvergenzbe-schleunigung ; Simultanlösung ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 140
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974), S. 305-305 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Reinraumtechnik ; Steriltechnik ; Laminar-Flow-Prinzip ; pharmazeutische Produktion ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 141
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974), S. 318-318 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 142
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 143
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Verdampfungsverfahren ; Entspannungsverdampfung ; Wärmeträgeröl ; Verkrustungen ; Abfall-Lösungen ; Konzentrierverfahren ; Kristallisationsverfahren ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 144
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Diffusionsflamme ; Verbrennung von Kohlenwasserstoffen ; Rußbildung ; Spektroskopie ; Strahlungstransport ; Rußkonzentrationsverteilung ; Rußtemperaturverteilung ; Gastemperaturverteilung ; Gaskonzentrationsverteilung ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 145
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974), S. 359-362 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 146
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974), S. 363-364 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 147
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 148
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Bei stationären Reaktionszuständen offener Systeme in großem Abstand vom chemischen Gleichgewicht können sprunghafte und oszillatorische Instabilitäten auftreten. Für sprunghafte Instabilitäten im Sinne von Zünd/Lösch-Erscheinungen genügt bereits die Wechselwirkung eines Transportprozesses mit einer chemischen Reaktion von nichtlinearem Verhalten, das entweder thermisch oder kinetisch bedingt sein kann. In Festbettreaktoren spielt bezüglich thermischer Instabilität außer der Einzelkorn-Instabilität die Rückkopplung durch axialen Wärmetransport eine wesentliche Rolle. Sie bestimmt auch das Verhalten von „wandernden Reaktionszonen“. - Oszillatorisches Verhalten (Grenzzyklen) setzt voraus, daß das Reaktionssystem mindestens zwei Speicher für Stoffe bzw. Wärme enthält, die in nichtlinearer Weise miteinander gekoppelt sind. Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen am Einzelkorn lassen erkennen, daß der Chemisorption, deren Einfluß bisher unbeachtet geblieben ist, eine zentrale Bedeutung zukommt, da sie einerseits als Transportprozeß wirksam werden, andererseits nichtlineares Reaktionsverhalten verursachen und schließlich bei Oszillationen auch als Speicherkapazität auftreten kann.
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974), S. 272-272 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974), S. 289-292 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974), S. 297-297 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Funkenbildung ; Werkzeuge ; Löschflüssigkeiten ; Löschwirkung ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 152
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Werkstoff X 12 NiCrSi 32 20 ; Werkstoff-Eigenschaften ; Zeitstandfestigkeit ; Temperatur-Verhalten ; Synthesegas-Anlage ; vorbeugende Instandhaltung ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 153
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 154
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974), S. 556-562 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Die Entwicklung des weltweiten Energieverbrauches und seiner Deekung durch die verschiedenen Energieträger spiegelt sich in der Entwicklung der chemischen Großanlagen und der ihnen zugeordneten Energieversorgungsanlagen wider. Am Beispiel der mehr als 100jährigen Geschichte des Werkes Ludwigshafen der BASF Aktiengesellschaft läßt sich die Anpassung der Energieversorgung an die Erfordernisse der Produktionsanlagen von den Anfängen des Kohlezeitalters der Chemie mit seiner überwiegenden Farbenproduktion über die erste Großsynthese auf Basis Kohle - die Ammoniak-Synthese - bis in die heutige Zeit mit ihrer vielfältigen Produktion auf ausschließlich petrochemischer Basis verfolgen. Ein abschließender Ausblick auf künftige Entwicklungen zeigt, daß auch der heute erreichte hohe technologische Standard der chemischen Energietechnik noch zahlreiche Möglichkeiten einer Weiterentwicklung offenläßt.
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  • 155
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Adsorption ; katalytische Aktivität ; Übergangsmetall-Carbide ; Brennstoffzellen ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974) 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 157
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    Keywords: Konstruktionsautomatisierung ; Konstruktionsobjekt ; Körper ; Objektbeschreibung ; Datenstruktur ; Formalisierung ; Mengenlehre ; Funktion ; Eigenschaft ; Struktur ; Konstruktionssystematisierung ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 158
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Rechnergestütztes Konstruieren ; Dialogarbeitsweise ; Viertaktmotor ; Gaswechsel ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 159
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: zweistufige Radialstromwäscher ; Berechnung von Kennlinien-Feldern ; rechnergestütztes Konstruieren ; Computer-Programm ; Kühlleistung ; Gaswäsche ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 160
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 161
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 162
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974), S. 655-655 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Polymerisation ; Emulsion ; Vinylchlorid ; Polyvinylchlorid ; Kinetik ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 163
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974), S. 699-699 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Rührreaktor ; Rührkaskade ; Fermenter ; Fluiddynamik ; Leistungsbedarf ; Luft/Wasser-System ; Gasgehalt ; Flutgrenze ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 164
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974), S. 707-707 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: trägergebundenes Enzym ; Kinetik ; Modell ; Rührgefäß ; Schüttschicht ; Strömung ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 165
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Mantelrohrleitung ; Heizung ; Kühlung ; Konstruktion ; Fertigung ; Systembauweise ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 166
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974) 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 167
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974), S. 551-555 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Einleitend wird die Entwicklung der Planungstechniken von Prozeß, Anlage und Apparat gestreift. Die ursprünglich weitgehend getrennte Projektierungsarbeit an Einzelkomponenten einer großtechnischen Produktionsanlage hat sich im Zuge der technischen Entwicklung unter einer Vielzahl von beeinflussenden Parametern immer stärker miteinander verflochten. Die wesentlichen Einflüsse auf die Konstruktion von Apparat und Anlage zwischen den Grenzen „vielseitiger Einzelapparat“ und „Einstrang-Produktionsanlage“ werden diskutiert. Unter Hinweis auf methodisches Vorgehen bei der Planung und Auslegung von Einzelapparaten und Anlagenteilen, sowie deren Kombination zu großtechnischen Gesamtanlagen, wird die Überlappung und notwendige gegenseitige Durchdringung von Spezialgebieten für eine optimale Lösungsfindung demonstriert. Die aufgezeigten Zusammenhänge werden am Beispiel eines in sich geschlossen arbeitenden Anlagenteiles, der eine Prozeß-Teilfunktion ausführt (Wärmeaustausch an einem einfachen chemischen Reaktor), vertieft.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 168
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974), S. 569-569 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Dekontaminierung ; Stahloberflächen ; Bewertungsverfahren ; Korrosion ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 169
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974), S. 577-577 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Turbulente Strömung ; Impuls- ; Wärme- und Stoffaustausch ; Freistrahl ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 170
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Am Beispiel der elektrochemischen Hydrierung von Phthalsäure zu Dihydrophthalsäure werden die typischen Probleme und Entwicklungstechniken elektrochemischer Hydrierungen - ausgehend von polarographischen Messungen über präparative Laboratoriums- und Technikumsversuche bis zum Bau einer wirtschaftlichen und betriebssicheren Produktionsanlage - aufgezeigt und der Einfluß der verschiedenen für die Elektrosynthese wichtigen Parameter erläutert. Wie die Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen zeigen, kann die elektrochemische Hydrierung durchaus als brauchbare Alternative zu den konventionellen Reaktionstechniken heute und verstärkt für die Zukunft in Betracht gezogen werden.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 171
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974), S. 693-693 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Fermenter ; Hefewachstum ; Erdöl ; n-Alkane ; Computer-Simulation ; Monte-Carlo-Methode ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 172
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974), S. 701-701 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: kontinuierliche Kultur ; Kohlenwasserstoff-Fermentation ; Fermentationsindustrie ; Bioreaktoren ; Dehnungsmeßstreifen ; Volumen-Messung ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 173
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974), S. 708-710 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 174
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974), S. 726-727 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 175
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974), S. 645-645 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: effektiver Diffusionskoeffizient ; Labyrinth-Faktor ; Porenmodell ; makroporöse Stoffe ; Sinterkörper ; Preßlinge ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 176
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974), S. 653-653 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Kreislaufreaktor ; Integralreaktor ; Reaktorberechnung ; Versuchsauswertung ; o-Xylol-Oxidation ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 177
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974) 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 178
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974), S. 676-680 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Die zukünftige Entwicklung der computergekoppelten Fermentationen wird im entscheidenden Maße durch die intensive Bearbeitung der folgenden Problemkreise bestimmt werden: (1.) Weiterentwicklung bereits existierender sowie Neuentwicklung von Meßsonden und Meßverfahren, die insbesondere auch Meßgrößen beinhalten, die bisher nicht zugänglich sind. (2.) Entwicklung brauchbarer mathematischer Modelle. Dabei sollte ein besonderes Augenmerk darauf gerichtet sein, daß innerhalb dieser Modelle die physikalischen Transportprozesse von Wachstum und Produktkinetik explizit getrennt werden. Dies ist notwendig, um die Struktur der Modelle bei den unterschiedlichen Reaktoren beizubehalten und die veränderte Hydrodynamik durch meßbare und physikalisch sinnvolle Größen in den Modellen zu berücksichtigen. (3.) Ausarbeitung übergeordneter prozeßunspezifischer Methoden, um den Zeitraum zwischen Stammselektionierung und Prozeßoptimierung rapide zu verkürzen.
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  • 179
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974), S. 697-697 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Grünalgen ; Zucht ; geschlossene Anlage ; Schlaufenreaktor ; Wachstumskurven ; Beleuchtung ; Gasvolumenstrom ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 180
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974), S. 703-703 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Anaerober Chemostat ; anaerobe Wachstumskinetik ; Glucose-Repression in der Anaerobiose ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 181
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 182
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974), S. 779-779 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Adsorption ; Druckwechsel ; Entspannung ; Ausfluß ; Druckabfall ; ideale Gase ; Sicherheitsventile ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 183
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 184
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Die jährliche Sauerstoff-Gewinnung durch Luftzerlegung beträgt derzeit ca. 45 Mio. t, was etwa 0,009% der jährlichen Sauerstoff-Entstehung durch Photosynthese entspricht. Somit dürfte durch diesen Prozeß keine Sauerstoff-Verarmung der irdischen Atmosphäre verursacht werden. Außerdem sind die Luftzerlegungsanlagen umweltfreundlich. Am wirtschaftlichsten ist es, den Sauerstoff in sehr großen Produktions-einheiten mit Leistungen über 30 000 Nm3/h zu gewinnen und ihn in einem Pipelinesystem an die Verbraucher weiterzuleiten. Werden nur relative kleine Mengen Sauerstoff oder nur zeitlich begrenzt größere Mengen Sauerstoff benötigt, so ist eine Anlieferung über Tankwagen mit flüssigem Sauerstoff, bei sehr kleinen Mengen eine Anlieferung im gefüllten „Kaltvergaser“ am zweckmäßigsten. Werden beide Produkte der Luftzerlegung, also Stickstoff und Sauerstoff, ständig in großen Mengen benötigt, so wird meist eine Produktionsanlage am Ort des Verbrauchs am günstigsten sein. Das Arbeiten mit flüssigem Sauerstoff erfordert Sicherheitsmaßnahmen, die in der Unfallverhütungsvorschrift „Sauerstoff“ sehr detailliert und vollständig dargelegt sind; Unfälle beim Umgang mit Sauerstoff sind meist darauf zurückzuführen, daß eine dieser Vorschriften nicht exakt beachtet wurde.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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  • 185
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974), S. 894-899 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Die meisten HNO3-Produktionsanlagen gehören zu den sog. Schwachsäure-Anlagen, die eine max. 65 proz. HNO3 liefern. Zur Konzentrierung der HNO3 eignet sich das H2SO4-Verfahren, bei dem H2SO4 zu der verdünnten HNO3 gegeben und dann konzentrierte HNO3 abdestilliert wird. Die benötigte Wärme wurde bisher auf direktem Wege durch Wasserdampf zugeführt. Durch Verwendung von Borosilicat-Glas für die Konzentrieranlage und Tantal als Heizerwerkstoff ließ sich die indirekte Beheizung der Konzentrierkolonne realisieren. Das Verfahren setzt sich aus folgenden Prozeßstufen zusammen: (1.) Vorkonzentrieren der HNO3 auf 67 Gew.-%, (2.) Hochkonzentrieren der HNO3 auf 99 Gew.-%, (3.) Rückkonzentrieren der H2SO4 und (4.) Abgaswaschung. Es werden die Grundlagen des Verfahrens sowie Aufbau und Funktion der einzelnen Anlagenteile im Detail behandelt.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 186
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Steinkohlen ; Mikrowellen ; Schnellentgasung ; Gasausbeute ; Funktion des Flüchtigen-Gehaltes ; Bildungskinetik ; Baugruppenanteile ; Inkohlungssprung ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 187
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Der steigende Weltbedarf an Buntmetallen und die Erschöpfung vieler terrestrischer Lagerstätten in den kommenden Jahrzehnten machen die Erschließung der in den Weltmeeren als Thermallaugen-Schlämme und Mangan-Knollen lagernden riesigen Erzreserven erforderlich. Da diese Erze eine ungünstige Zusammensetzung haben, kommt den Energiekosten für Förderung und Aufbereitung eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Die Verwendung der relativ billigen Kernenergie verspricht, hier kostensenkend zu wirken. Ausgehend von dem Standpunkt, daß ein Transport des gesamten Erzes zur Aufbereitung an Land unwirtschaftlich ist, wird vorgeschlagen, mit Hilfe eines auf einem Schiff oder einer Arbeitsinsel installierten Kernreaktors sowohl elektrische Energie als auch Prozeßdampf für die Aufbereitung und chemischen Trennarbeiten zur Verfügung zu stellen. Die benötigten Grundchemikalien werden größtenteils an Bord aus den Sedimentschlämmen selbst bzw. aus dem Meerwasser gewonnen. Bei dem Gesamtprozeß wird die Ökologie des Meeres nur unwesentlich gestört. An Beispielen wird das Prinzip möglicher Verbundbetriebe erläutert.
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974), S. 33-33 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Schlitzlochblechpackung ; Füllkörper ; Druckverlust ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 189
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
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  • 190
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974), S. 67-67 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Dekantierzentrifugen ; Sedimentation ; Klärwirkung ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 191
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974), S. 73-73 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Dampf/Flüssigkeit-Gleichgewicht ; Aktivitätskoeffizient ; Wilson-Gleichung ; NRTL-Gleichung ; Multiresponse ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 192
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974), S. 82-82 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 193
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An der Strom- und damit der Energiebedarfsdeckung werden künftig Kernkraftwerke einen schnell wachsenden Anteil haben. Es ist damit zu rechnen, daß 1985 die Kernenergie bereits etwa 50 bis 60% des Strombedarfs und rd. 15 bis 20% des gesamten Primärenergiebedarfs deckt. Zu den mit der Einführung der Kernenergie verbundenen Problemen zählen vor allem die hohen spezifischen Investitionen, die relative langen Bauzeiten, die Standortwahl und Kühlwasserversorgung sowie die Abwicklung des Genehmigungsverfahrens. Für die Brennstoffversorgung der Kernkraftwerke ergeben sich mittelfristig keine besonderen Probleme. Die heute einsetzbaren Leichtwasserreaktoren werden durch die in der Entwicklung befindlichen Hochtemperaturreaktoren und Schnellen Brüter ergänzt werden. Damit ergibt sich durch Kernkraftwerke auch langfristig eine ergiebige, flexible und umweltfreundliche Energiequelle, die auch für die Zukunft eine ausreichende, preiswerte und sichere Versorgung mit elektrischer und thermischer Energie gewährleistet.
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  • 194
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Membranbildungsmechanismus ; asymmetrische Membranen ; Polyimide ; Polyamide ; Polyacrylnitril ; Struktur-Untersuchung ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974), S. 116-122 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 196
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 197
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 198
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974), S. 127-131 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Lösungsakkumulatoren sind Sekundärbatterien, die aus Elektroden 1. Art aufgebaut sind, im Gegensatz zu den konventionellen Systemen, die Elektroden 2. Art enthalten. Als wichtigster Vorteil ergibt sich die vollständige Ausnutzung der aktiven Massen. Daraus folgt eine stark verbesserte Energie- und Leistungsdichte gegenüber vergleichbaren Systemen, bei denen die Aktivmassen stets als feste Phasen vorliegen. Auch die Belastbarkeit mit hohen Stromdichten, das Tieftemperaturverhalten und die Lebensdauer der Systeme werden verbessert. Die Stellung des Lösungsakkumulators in der Reihe der Systeme mit wäßrigem Elektrolyten wird diskutiert. Die praktikablen aktiven Massen und ihre Kombinationsmöglichkeiten werden behandelt sowie experimentelle Ergebnisse am System Pb/PbO2/HClO4 mitgeteilt.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 199
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974), S. 151-151 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: C2-Chlorkohlenwasserstoffe ; Chlorierung ; mathematisches Modell ; Kinetik, Methylchloroform ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 200
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974), S. 153-153 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Walzenpresse ; Eiformen ; Kissenformen ; Schüttungen ; Strömung ; Widerstand ; Druckverlustkurven ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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