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  • 1965-1969  (4,581)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (4,197)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (352)
  • Engineering General
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of high substrate concentration and cell feedback on kinetic behavior of heterogeneous populations in completely mixed systems (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 207-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Growth kinetics of heterogeneous populations of sewage origin were studied in completely mixed reactors of the once-through type at a high concentration of incoming substrate, 3000 mg/l glucose, and in systems employing cell feedback or sludge recycle at an incoming substrate concentration of 1000 mg/1 glucose. The recycle flow rate employed was 25% of the incoming feed flow, and the concentration of cells in the recycle was maintained as closely as possible at 150% of the cell concentration in the reactor. Studies were made at various dilution rates. Throughout these studies, batch experiments using cells grown at the various dilution rates were made to determine ks and μm values. As in previous studios using heterogeneous populations, the relationship between specific growth rates μ and substrate concentration S was represented better by the Monod equation than by any other which was tested. The growth “constants” μm, ks, and Y were found to fall in the same general range as those determined in previous studies in once-through systems operated at 1000 mg/l glucose. It was observed that cell recycle, even at the relatively low concentration factor employed in these studies, greatly enhanced the flocculating and settling characteristics of the cells.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110207
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth potential of a variation of eagle's minimum essential medium for spinner cultures (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 263-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110209
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110301
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The isolation of an aliphatic amidase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 283-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A pilot-scale process for the isolation of an aliphatic, amidase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been developed. A constitutive, partially irrepressible mutant was employed to give a high initial enzyme concentration. An existing laboratory isolation procedure has been scaled up and modified particularly by substitution of polyethylene glycol for ammonium sulfate precipitation as the first stage in the conversion of the fractionation to continuous operation. Full recovery of activity was achieved with the modification. The recovery of enzyme from a subsequent chromatographic stage was 85% and the maximum overall purification was 28-fold.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110303
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of fermentation processes (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 293-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Kinetic studies on fermentation processes were made and a general equation of production rate was newly presented applying the kinetic theory on mierobial cell growth which was reported previously by the authors.l,2 Equations for product concentration in fermentation time courses were derived by developing mathematically the general equation of production rate, and characteristic properties of fermentation processes were clarified. Some examples of fermentations were analyzed kinetically using the new kinetic theory. The calculated values of product, and cell concentrations were in good agreement with the observed values.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110304
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of heat evolution and correlation with oxygen consumption during microbial growthThis paper was presented in part at the 154th Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Chicago, III., Sept. 11, 1967. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 269-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A procedure for measuring the rate of heat production from a fermentation has been developed. The method is based on measuring the rate of temperature rise of the fermentation broth resulting from metabolism, when the temperature controller is turned off. The heat accumulation measured in this manner is then corrected for heat losses and gains. A sensitive thermistor is used to follow the temperature rise with time. This procedure is shown to be as accurate as previous methods but much simpler in execution. Using this technique, the rate of heat production during metabolism was found to correlate with the rate of oxygen consumption. Experiments were performed using bacteria (E. coli and B. subtilis), a yeast (C. intermedia), and a mold (A. niger). The substrates investigated included glucose, molasses, and soy bean meal. The proportionality constant for the correlation is independent of the growth rate, slightly dependent on the substrate, and possibly dependent On the type of organism growth. This correlation has considerable potential for predicting heat evolution from the metabolism of microorganisms on simple or complex substrates and providing quantitative parameters necessary for heat removal calculations.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110302
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The design, construction, and characteristics of a new long-lived steam sterilizable oxygen electrode (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 323-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A steam sterilizable oxygen electrode for fermentor use is described. The electrode has a silver cathode, lead anode, phosphate electrolyte, and a membrane of a fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymer film (FEP.).The electrode has a linear response to partial pressure of oxygen from 1.5 × 10-2 to 103 mm Hg.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110305
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The conversion of benzyl penicillin to 6-aminopenieillanie acid using an insoluble derivative of penieillin amidase (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 337-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Penicillin amidase was extracted from Escherichia coli ATCC 9637, grown on phenylacetic, acid and glutamate, and purified by fractional ion with streptomycin sulphate, ammonium sulphate and polyethylene glycol, followed by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. The purification factor was 100-200 × and the overall yield was about 115%. The enzyme was chemically attached to derivatives of cellulose and the kinetics of these insolubilized penicillin amidase preparations was investigated.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110306
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The kinetics of β-galactosidase attached to porous cellulose sheets (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 363-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The properties of β-galactosidase attached to cellulose and DEAE-cellulose sheets arc described. Those insoluble enzyme derivatives obey the Michael-Menten relationship but, the measured kinetic parameters are very dependent on the flow conditions. The results of long-term stability tests are given.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110308
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and use of insolubilized amyloglucosidase for the production of sweet glucose liquors (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 349-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Amyloglucosidase (EC. 3.2.1.3), partially purified from an Aspergillus species, was chemically attached to DEAE cellulose using the bifunctional reagent 2-amino-4,6-dichloro-s-triazine. The action of the insolubilized enzyme derivative on dilute maltose and dextrin solutions was studied in a packed bed. A second and deeper bed was used to demonstrate the possibility of a continuous process for raising the dextrose; equivalents of “glucose” liquors of high concentration formed by acid hydrolysis of maize starch.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110307
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An introduction to the symposium on hydrocarbon fermentation, third international fermentation symposiumThe symposium was held on Tuesday, September 3, at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 381-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110309
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clutivation of yeast on gas oil (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 383-391 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The results achieved by the cultivation of the yeast. Candida lipolytica on gas oil are referred. By using a distillation fraction of gas oil distilling between 180-400°C, containing 10-20% of n-alkanes, the optimal condition for biomass production and deparaffination were estimated for various dilution rates and various amounts of gas oil in the medium. The main factor, which influences the yield coefficient by hydrocarbon fermentation is the polyauxie of the hydrocarbon substrate. The penetration of dispersed hydrocarbons into the yeast cell is demonstrated on electron micrographs and the velocity and reversibility of this process is estimated by using tritium-traced hexadecane.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110310
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Composition of cell material and biological value of the cellular protein of a micrococcus strain grown on hydrocarbons (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 409-416 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A Micrococcus cerificans strain was grown on simple media with n-hexadecane or gas oil as sole carbon sources. Samples of cellular material recovered from hexadecane or gas oil fermentations do not appear to differ significantly in their composition. The protein content varied from 68 to 75%. With the exception of sulfur amino acids the amino acid distribution compares favorably with the FAO standard reference protein.The biological value of cell protein recoveered from hexadecane fermentations was 67 (cascin, 70). In the case of gas oil grown cells, the cell material recovered had to be completely purified in order to improve its protein quality. After fully extraction of undersirable fraction with petroleum ether in a Soxhlet apparatus the biological value observed was 63.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110312
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous phased culture - A technique for growing, analyzing, and using microbial cellsIssued as N.R.C. No. 10941. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 843-851 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Continuous phased growth produces a culture in which most of the cells in the population are in the same stage of their development. The cell, thereby amplified by the size of the synchronous population, may be examined in the phased culture at any desired growth rate. Changes taking place in the cell after the cell cycle, i.e., post-cycle changes, may be examined by a modification of the procedure. Further systematic applications of the method permit a rational approach to problems of cell growth and metabolism.The phasing technique recognizes the cells as the fundamental unit for experimental investigation, and offers a great potential in the analysis of the cell throughout its cycle, a relatively unexploited field in cell physiology and fermentation. Experiments with yeasts and bacteria illustrate some of the applications and progress made so far.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110510
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of fungal growth and intermediary carbon metabolism under steady and non-steady state conditions (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 785-804 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The physiology of Aspergillus nidulans strain 224 has been studied under conditions of batch- and glucose-limited chemostat-culture and the effect of different steady state growth rates and dissolved oxygen tensions (DOT) examined. Measurements of the specific activities of selected glucose enzymes, the extent of oxygen uptake inhibition by glycolytic inhibitors, and radiorespirometric analyses were made in order to follow the variations in glucose catabolism, which occurred under these conditions. Greatly increased activity of the hexosemonophosphate (HMP) pathway was found during: (i) exponential growth of batch cultures; (ii) at near maximum specific growth rates (μ = 0.072 hr-1) (DOT = 156 mm Hg); and (iii) at low DOT levels (〈30 mm Hg) (μ = 0.050 hr-1) in chemostat cultures. These changes in glucose eatabolism have been discussed in terms of the biosynthetic demands of the fungus under the influence of changing growth pressures. Preliminary studies also have been made of transition state behavior following stepwise alteration of the DOT. A new steady state was established after 4-5 culture doublings during which period an “overshoot” in HMP pathway activity occurred; these kinetics are indicative of a derepression of certain glucose enzymes. Low molecular weight phenols are synthesized during the exponential phase in batch cultures and these are further metabliized to a major secondary metabolite, melanin, at the onset of stationary phase conditions. The kinetics of tyrosinase production in steady state chemostats differs from those that might be predicted for an enzyme associated solely with secondary metabolism. A primary physiological role for this oxidase in Aspergillus nidulans has been postulated.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110508
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell growth and population activity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in two-stage continuous cultivation (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 853-862 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Continuous culture in a cascade of vessels with the addition of supplemental nutrients to any stage permits adjustment of the physiological state of the culture in each stage to best achieve a desired performance goal. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in two-stage continuous cultivation was selected as a model system. With conditions in the first stage held constant- at a selected glucose concentration in the feed stream, dilution rate for the second stage was varied. Cell numbers, dry weight, glucose concentration, respiration coefficient, and titers of several enzymes were determined. The seed rate was defined as the ratio of glucose concentration in the feeds to stage 1 and to stage 2. At low seed rates, the calculated specific growth rate in the second stage was proportional to dilution rate. At higher seed rates, the specific growth rate based on dry weight behaved differently from that based on cell numbers, and the dependence on dilution rate was not linear.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110511
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Predator-prey relationships in a model for the activated process (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 887-907 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The primary objective of this paper was to develop a mathematical description for the food chain, Because of the interdependence of the elements in this food chain, continuous oscillations among the variables are possible. A set of three differential equations was obtained to describe the above system in a continuously fed stirred tank reactor. The differential equations obtained were examined to characterize the possible types of solutions. A limit, cycle solution was obtained for some values of the system parameters.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110514
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of total illumination upon continuous Chlorella production in a high intensity light system (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 863-874 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A high intensity light system (HILIS) was designed and constructed to define the environmental parameters affecting production of algae. The HILIS incorporates the basic concepts of an aerobic fermenter for heterotrophic cells with high intensity illumination for photosynthetic studies. Of nine parameters considered, temperature and light intensity studies using Chlorella 71105 have been completed. Total illumination was varied from 25,000 to 300,000 lumens (30 times intensity of sunlight as measured at earth's surface) in 7.7-1, culture. The effect of illumination upon growth was measured as cell concentration and total daily algal production when operating the HILIS as a continuous system at a dilution rate of 0.91 per day.Growth may be expressed as a long function of illumination. A maximum algal concentration of 25.5g/l., dry weight basis, was attained at 300,000 lumens.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110512
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Homogeneous cultivation of animal cells for the production of virus and virus products (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 875-885 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Homogeneous technique facilitates the cultivation of large quantities of cells, reduces the risk of contamination by eliminating many manipulations, and makes practical the control of conditions such as pH and oxygen tension. Although most animal cells will not multiply in free suspension, certain cell lines have lost the requirement of being attached to a solid surface. These cells can be subcultured indefinitely but have some resemblance to cancer cells such as their abnormal karyotype. Certain cell linen developed from human embryonic tissue maintain their diploid character after repeated subculture and would seem to be ideal for the production of vaccines. However, strict regulations exist for viral products for human injection in that only cells taken from normal tissue and subcultured but once may be used.A microcarrier method in which cells adhere to DEAE-Sephadex beads permits a suspension culture which may be termed quasihomogeneous. The attached cells may be retained by sedimentation or by screening as the medium is replaced. Cell debirs from the original tissue is difficult to remove from microcarrier cultures; modifications of the trypsinization technique have alleviated but not solved this problem.Conditions for virus replication can be less critical than those for cell growth in that oxygen tension seems to have little influence on virus production. In cases where rate of virus production increases with specific growth rate of cells, homogeneous culture would have a advantage in maintaining a high cell mogeneous culture would have a valuble advantage in maintaining a high cell growth rate for a longer time. Some virus infections destroy cells, but others cause little change in cellular mteabolism except that virus is continually produced. The latter type can be conducted with a microcarrier in continuous culture with a virus titer exceeding 107 plaque forming units per milliliter for over 50 days with Rubella-infected BHK cells.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110513
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Introduction to the symposium on engineering aspects of fermentation (second part) (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 909-909 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110515
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Performance of a perforated plate column as a multistage continuous fermentor (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 911-926 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Microorganisms were continuously cultivated in multistage column consisting of ten perforated plate sections to which medium and air were supplied concurrently from the bottom.At steady state the cell concentration in the various stages was gradationally differentiated from the bottom to the top in the direction of medium flow. RNA content per unit cell concentration at each sage was determined. The cells in the lower stages were higher in RNA content than those from the upper stages. Wash out was observed to occur in the column at dilution rates which do not result in wash out in a single stage chemostat system.A study of the flow characteristics revealed that the overall performance of the plate column was equivalent to that of a multistage system, when hole diameter and hole area to column cross sectional area ratio were properly selected. This was true even in highly aerated conditions. These results indicated that the perforated plates in the column hindred intermixing through the plates, and that each stage functioned as an independent stirred vessel. Industrial and research application of this type fermentor was discussed.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110516
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A continuous, multistage tower fermentor. I. Design and performance tests (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 927-943 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The design of a continuous column fermentor with a multiple staging effect is described. The column is divided into four compartments by horizontal perforated plates and is provided with a central agitator shaft driving an impeller in each compartment. A tube at the center of each plate forms a liquid seal around the shaft and also acts as a “downcomer.”The fermentor is normally operated with counter-current flow of gas and medium. Fresh medium is added to the top stage and product is withdrawn from the bottom.The effect of plate and agitator design on fermentor performance was studied in terms of factor such as oxygen transfer rate, gas holdup, and interstage mixing. By proper choice of the design parameters, the fermentor was made to approximate a perfect four-stage cascade in terms of reactor performance.Preliminary experiments were performed with air-water systems, but a more realistic picture of fermentor performance was obtained in experience involving propagation of Escherichia coli. Data for business and substrate concentrations in each stage confirmed the staging effect of the apparatus. The fermentor operated in a stable manner for periods of more than two weeks.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110517
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The design and operation of high-power, magnetic drives (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 967-985 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A description is given of the design and operation of high-power magnetic drives developed to enable shaft seals and glands to be dispensed within deepculture vessels, in tissue homogenizers, and in mixing and filling processes where sterility is essential. The drives operate at speeds of 300 to 2000 rpm in volumes of 300 1. to 10 ml with clearances up to 16 mm between the pole faces of the magnets.Two types of drive are described, one in which the driving and driven magnets form an integral unit on the lid of a vessel: such vessels are used for transporting material. To intiate stirring, it is only necessary to connect a motor directly, or through a cable-drive, to the magnetic-drive assembly. In the other type of unit the driving magnet is attached permanently to the driving motor. Locating pins on the base of the motor and corresponding sockets on the lid of the vessel ensure that when the motor is in position, the driving and driven magnets are located correctly in relation to one another.The design of these drives is based on the use of multipole, ceramic magnets. The advantages of their use in such units, compared with metal magnets, are discussed. Earlier magnetic drives are also discussed and explanations offered for the difficulties formerly met in scaling up.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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    Design and physical characteristics of a multistage, continuous tower fermentor (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 945-966 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A multistage tower laboratory fermentor has been constructed consisting of eight compartments separated by sieve plates. Flow of substrate and air is concurrent from the bottom to the top of the column. It, was hoped that this system could be used to reproduce, simultaneously on a continuous basis, eight distinct phases of a batch growth curve. It was believed that the extent of batch curve simulation would depend upon the character of hydraulic mean residence time of broth in the column and in the individual compartments. The expected relationship did not occur. Rather it was found that growth in the column involved residence time characteristics not only for the fluid but also for the microorganisms, and for the growth limiting substrate. Depending upon the column operation, these could be distinct and different.The purpose of this investigation was to study the residence time distribution (RTD) of the continous (fluid) and dispersed (microorganisms) phases for model systems as well as for a yeast fermentation. Various degrees of flow nonideality, i.e., fluid blackflow and dispersed phase sedimentation, were noticed. The former seems to be due to interaction of the concurrent gas and liquid flow; it is particularly dependent upon void area of the sieve plate holes. Sedimentation is probably a function of plate design as well as cell size and density. It wa concluded that for a particular plate design the gas hold-up wass controlled by superficial air velocity and was the main parameter governing the differences between dispersed and continous phase(Rt1). This conclusion was supported by a computeraided styudy utilizing a mathematical model of fluid flow to fit the growth kinetics and cell distribution observed experimentally throughout the fermentor.Some advantages of foam control in the tower fermentor by surface active compounds are mentioned. Also, suggestions are made for carrying out fermentations that have two liquid phases, such as a hydrocarbon fermentation. The possibility of closely approximating plug-flow conditions in the multistage tower fermentor, a necessary condition for batch growth simulation, is discussed from a practical point of view.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110518
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A flow cell photometer for bacterial growth monitoring (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 1005-1010 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A flow cell photometer is described with automatic cleaning of the photometric cell, denasimetric separation of air bubbles and precipitates, and a constant sensitivity from 0 to 10 mg/ml of bacterial dry weight.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110521
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  • 26
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    Recovery of biological materials through ultrafiltrationPresented at the 3rd International Fermentation Symposium, September 3-8, 1968, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, N.J. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 987-1003 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Experiments were performed on a cellulose acetate ultrafiltration membrane (HF-200, ABCOR Inc., Cambridge, Mass.) to test its efficacy in concentrating and purifying a crude enzyme (trypsin) preparation. Studies were also made to determine the influence of inorganic salts, pressure, and temperature on the rate of ultrafiltration for this membrane. The results showed reductions in the rates will be encountered due to the presence of inorganic salts. However, the reduced rates were still sufficiently high to make this method extremely attractive. Operating at filtration pressures above 75 psi at, 20 to 30°C for this membrane does not show any beneficial effect in terms of ultrafiltration rates. However, at 10°C there were continual increases in the filtration rates up to 100 psi. Concentration and purification studies with trypsin yielded a concentration factor of 8.35 and a purification factor 2.35. It was shown concretely that the purification of the enzyme was due to the passage of low molecular weight proteins (below 20,000) through the membrane. Enzyme activity slightly greater than 90% was obtained: 70% was found in the concentrate and 20% in the filtrate. It is concluded that membrane ultrafiltration is an ideal simple, rapid, and economical method for the recovery of biological active substances.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110520
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
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    Automatic electrode selection device for monitoring ph (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 1027-1032 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110523
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  • 28
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    An improved, totally automated antibiotic bioassay machine (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 1011-1025 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A number of improvements have been made in a totally-automated antibiotic bioassay machine previously described. The new machine accepts unmeasured, untreated, opaque suspensions of fermentation beers three times faster (120 samples per hour) and supplies printed potencies sooner (in just over two hours). Whereas the original machine employed a self-cleaning filter and used disposable two milliliter beakers, this version involves a batch-dialysis scheme for effecting sample purification, and provides for automated cleaning of incubation chambers.In operation, a measured, portion of thoroughly-mixed fermentation beer is automatically diluted and transferred into one side of an incubation chamber, the two halves of which are separated by a dialysis membrane. The other half is filled with inoculated media. During the two hour incubation at 37°, dialyzable antibiotic limits growth of the inoculum in proportion to its concentration. After incubation, the turbidity of the inoculum is simultaneously read by an online computer and plotted on a strip chart recorded. The computer suplies printed potency values and sample identification on site, while the recording provides the operator with an analog record of turbidity. Fiber optics are employed in the turbidmetric readout, and an electric typewrite provides the printout.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110522
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  • 29
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    A simple 50-bottle fraction collector for volumes up to 350 litersResearch sponsored by National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health and by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission under contract with the Union Carbide Corporation, Nuclear Division. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 1033-1035 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110524
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  • 30
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    Solubility of endotoxin and stability of its biological activity in organic liquids (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 1037-1041 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110525
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  • 31
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    Masthead (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110601
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  • 32
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    Studies on methanol oxidizing bacteriaPaper presented at the conference of the International Organization of Biotechnology and Bioengineering (IOBB), May, 29th-30th, 1969, Stockholm. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 1043-1054 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A mixed culture of methanol oxidizing bacteria has been cultivated on simple inorganic salts medium supplemented with methanol. Optimal growth occurred at 31°C, pH 6.0-6.3, and a methanol concentration between 1 and 2 ml/1, of medium. The maximum yield was 4.5 g dw/I and the mean generation time 3.2 hr.It was estimated that 41% of methanol carbon was converted into cell-carbon, and that 73% of the inorganic nitrogen was converted to organic nitrogen.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110602
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  • 33
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    Kinetics of microbial oxidation of n-heptane. I. Characterization of the process (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 417-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Utilization of n-heptane by a Pseudomonad was studied in pilot-size butch cultures. Optimal pH and temperature were determined by a factorial design and a medium based upon mineral uptake rates was formulated. High cell yields were obtained by volatilizing heptane in the incoming air and thereby achieving good hydrocarbon dispersion. Hydrocarbon carried by effluent gases was recovered and recycled. In cultures where pH is not controlled, decrease in the electrolytic conductivity of the medium was found to be indicative of viable cells and was used in monitoring bacterial propagation. If not checked, increase in salinity in pH controlled cultures was found to affect cell production negatively. Viscosity changes were not very significant. Heptane to aqueous medium ratio was found to affect oxygen supply to the system due to higher dissolved oxygen concentrations associated with hydrocarbons.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110313
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  • 34
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    Diffusion models for hetergenous biochemical reaction kinetics (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 719-724 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110415
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  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110501
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  • 36
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    The rheological effects of substrate-additives on fermentation yields (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 725-730 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110416
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  • 37
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    Model identification of the biochemical oxidation process (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 731-743 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A fairly general model of the biochemical oxidation, which takes into account the activity of microorganisms, is presented. Parameters of the model have been determined by fitting the model to available experimental data through the use of a straightforward gradient technique.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110502
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  • 38
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    Semi-continuous culture and monitoring system for temperature-synchronized Euglena (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 745-756 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A temperature-synchronized, semi-continuous culture and monitoring system is described, with results from use of the system for autotrophically growing Euglena. Outflow from the culture vessel consists of measured samples taken automatically at 2-hour intervals and fixed for later counting. Inflow is by siphon feed, which restores the culture level after each sampling. The interpretation of growth curves obtained from such cultures is discussed from the viewpoint, of division synchrony and cell cycle studies, and some general comparisons are made between batch and continuous cultures for such studies.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110503
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  • 39
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    The production, isolation, and characterization of a grisein-like sideromycin complex (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 1111-1123 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Streplomyces griscus var. X-2455 produces an antibiotic complex which is active in vitro against a number of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and in mice against systemic infections caused by K, pneumoniae and D, pneumoniac. In view of the favorable chemotherapeutic index and the broad in vitro spectrum of crude concentrates, isolation of the pure antibiotic complex and the individual constituents was undertaken. The antibiotics referred to as Ho 5-2667, Ro 7-7730, and Ho 7-7731 can be differentiated by tle, ultraviolet light absorption spectra, and in vitro antibacterial activities. They all contain iron and may be classified as sideromycins.From antibiotic concentrates an antibacterially inactive substance was isolated and identified as N-acetyltyramine.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110608
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  • 40
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    Biosynthesis of chloramphenicol (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 1125-1134 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The current knowledge concerning the biosynthesis of chloramphenicol is discussed. Cultures of Streptomyces sp. 3022a fed 14C-shikimie acid incorporated the label to the same extent into phenylalanine, tyrosine, and chloramphenicol. Of possible precursors of the phenylpropanoid nucleus of this antibiotic only p-aminophenylalanine and DL-threo-p-amino phenylserine specifically labeled chloramphenicol. On the basis of these results a pathway for the biosynthesis of chloramphenicol is presented. The lack of specific incorporation of 15N-nitrogen from a competitive feeding experiment in which both l5N-nitrate and 14N-DL-serine were fed to growing cultures suggests that both the amido- and the nitro-nitrogen atom present in this antibiotic are derived from a common pool. Studies on the enzyme, DAHP synthetase, show that in streptomyces sp. 3022a it is not subject to feed back inhibition by either phenylalanine, tyrosine, or chloramphenicol.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110609
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  • 41
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    Physiology of, an enzyme production by, plant cell cultures (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 1247-1254 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Red kidney bean (Phascolus vulgaris) cells, derived from roof, callus, were grown in suspension culture in shake flasks and in laboratory fermentors using batch and continuous batch culture techniques. The medium contained casein hydrolysate, sucrose, inorganic salts, vitamins, and growth hormones. In continuous batch culture yields of up to 171 g wet weight, (8.5 g dry weight) per liter were obtained in 7 days. Organic nitrogen was used preferentially. Growth on nitrate was considerably slower than on organic nitrogen sources. Indole acetic and naphthalene acetic acids were not essential for good growth of the cells whereas kinetin and 2, 4-D were. The optimum pH for growth was about p11 4.5. The presence of amylase and peroxidase was detected in culture filtrates. Amylase activity was low in either the presence or the absence of starch in the medium. Peroxidase production could be related directly with growth of the culture. Maximum peroxidase yield, as measured by the guaiacol method and expressed as horse radish peroxidase, was 1.25 × 10-8 M.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110618
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  • 42
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    Fermentation methods for protein enrichment of cassava (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 1271-1284 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110620
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  • 43
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    Transformation of steroids by mixed cultures (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 1255-1270 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Some results of our studios on transformation of steroids by mixed culture fermentation are presented in this paper. Arthrobacter simplex was paired in turn with each of the following: Streptomyces roseochromogenes, Curvularia lunata, Absidia coerulea, and Aspergillus ochraceus. The steroid substrates examined for multiple transformation were 16α-hydroxy-cortexolone, 16α-hydroxy-cortexolone 16,17-acetonide, 9α-fluorohydrocortisone, 9α-fluorohydrocortisone 21-acetate, and 9α-fluorohydrocortisone 21-hemisuccinate. The effects of media, steroid substrate, and microbial interaction in a mixed culture on the induction and repression of steroid transforming enzymes were unique to each case studied. The reaction mechanism of the multiple steroid transformation was also found to vary from one mixed culture system to another. Two different reaction mechanisms were observed, namely, consecutive and parallel. In the former, one of the two enzymatic reactions always preceded the other, while in the latter, two different enzyme reactions occurred simultaneously, thereby giving rise to two different intermediates. Multiple transformation of steroids by a single step mixed culture fermentation has potential economic advantages.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110619
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  • 44
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    Oxygen transfer rate measured by gluconic acid production (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 1289-1290 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110622
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  • 45
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    Kinetics of product inhibition in alcohol fermentation-temperature effect in the “sake” brewing (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 1285-1287 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: One of the kinteic equations derived previously from a series of sophisticated batch and continuous alcohol fermentations by using a respiration-deficient mutant of baker's yeast is as follows: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {{dp} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{dp} {dt}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {dt}} = v_0 e^{ - k_2 p} \left[{{S \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {S {\left({K_s ^\prime + S} \right)}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\left({K_s ^\prime + S} \right)}}} \right]X $$\end{document} where dp/dt = ethanol production rate, v0 = specific rate of ethanol production at p = 0, k2 = empirical constant, K′s = saturation constant, S = glucose concentration, and X = cell mass concentration. The above equation was confirmed in the previous paper to fit, the brewing of “sake.”The temperature of the specific brewing is not always constant (10 to 18°C). The effect of temperature on v0 was assessed from the Arrhenius plot, assuming that k2 was independent of temperature. Values of dp/dt taken from the “sake” brewing data were rearranged, taking the temperature change into account. These datu, corrected for the temperature, were found to follow quite favorably the kinetic equation mentioned above. So far, a prediction of the ethanol production rate in practice was rectified to the extent of p = 19%.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110621
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  • 46
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    Masthead (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020101
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  • 47
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    Ein Tetrakis(diphenylphosphinomethyl)-methan-Diboran-1 : 1-Addukt (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 1-4 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Tetrakis(diphenylphosphinomethyl)-methan, C[CH2P(C6H5)2]4, bildet mit B2H6 ein durch Totalanalyse und Massenspektrum charakterisiertes 1 : 1-Addukt, für das auf Grund seines IR-Spektrums die Struktur eines intramolekularen, spiroheterocyclischen Assoziats diskutiert wird.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020102
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  • 48
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    Die Dampfphasenhydrolyse von Lanthaniden(III)-chloriden, 2. Wärmetönung und Gibbs-Energie der Reaktion DyCl3(f) + H2O (g) ⇌ DyOCl(f) +2HCl(g) Wärmetönung der polymorphen Umwandlung β-DyCl3 → γ-DyCl3 (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 5-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mit Hilfe einer Halbmikromethode wird die Dampfphasenhydrolyse des Dysprosium(III)-chlorids in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur gemessen. Aus den Hydrolysedaten und parallel dazu ausgeführten Röntgenuntersuchungen wird auf die Existenz zweier polymorpher Modifikationen des DyCl3 geschlossen und damit ältere Befunde von Bommer und Hohmann bestätigt. Die Bildungsenthalpie von Dysprosium(III)-oxidchlorid wird zu ΔH2980 = -234.3 bzw. -234.7 kcal/Mol gefunden, für die Wärmetönung der Transformation β-DyCl3 → γ-DyCl3 ergab sich ein Wert von 2.6 kcal/Mol.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020103
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    Reaktion N-silylierter sekundärer Carbonsäureamide mit Epoxiden und Ketonen (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 14-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: N-Trimethylsilyl-N-alkyl-carbonsäureamide lassen sich mit Epoxiden und katalytischen Mengen Natrium-trimethylsilanolat zu N-Alkyl-N-[β-trimethylsiloxy-alkyl]-carbonsäureamiden (1-6) umsetzen. Die Entsilylierung führt in hohen Ausbeuten zu reinen β-Amidoäthanolen (9, 10). -Die natriumtrimethylsilanolat-katalysierte Reaktion von N-Trimethylsilyl-N-methyl-acetamid und Bis-[N-methyl-acetamino]-dimethyl-silan mit aliphatischen und cycloaliphatischen Ketonen liefert Enoxy-trimethyl- (11-14) und Bis-enoxy-dimethyl-silane (15). Im Gegensatz zu anderen Verfahren erübrigt sich hier die vorherige Darstellung von α-metallierten Ketonen oder Enolaten.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020104
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  • 50
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    Cyansäureester, XVII. Chemie des Dimethylsulfoxids, III. Säurekatalysierte Reaktion von aktivierten Cyanverbindungen mit Dimethylsulfoxid (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 23-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die protonenkatalysierte Umsetzung von Arylcyanaten mit Dimethylsulfoxid liefert im ersten Reaktionsschritt Carbamidsäureester, die bei längerer Reaktionsdauer oder erhöhter Temperatur durch intermediär gebildeten Formaldehyd zu N.N′-Methylen-bis-[carbamidsäurearylestern] (5) kondensieren. Der Mechanismus des Primärschritts wird als ein der Pummerer-Reaktion analoger Zerfall eines aktivierten Komplexes aus Arylcyanat, Dimethylsulfoxid und Proton erkannt.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020105
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    Cyansäureester, XVIII. Chemie des Dimethylsulfoxids, IV. Arylcyanate als Dehydratisierungsmittel bei Kondensationsreaktionen mit Dimethylsulfoxid (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 31-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Dimethylsulfoxid kondensiert in Gegenwart von Arylcyanaten und Protonendonatoren mit CH-Aciden zu Sulfuranylidenverbindungen (Schwefel-Yliden, 5) und mit Sulfonamiden zu N-Arylsulfonyl-dimethylsulfiminen (6). Alkohole und Phenole werden unter den gleichen Bedingungen methylmercaptomethyliert. Die Reaktionen verlaufen über ein Aryloxycarbimidoyloxy-sulfonium-Ion (4) als Zwischenstufe.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020106
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    Untersuchungen an der P=N-Doppelbindung, VIII. Nachweis der P=N—N=N—S-Struktur des 1:1-Adduktes von p-Toluolsulfonsäureazid an Triphenylphosphin durch 15N-Isotopenmarkierung (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 38-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Phosphine können bei der Reaktion mit Aziden in α- oder γ-Position der Stickstoffkette angreifen. Für das in Substanz faßbare Staudinger-Addukt von Triphenylphosphin an Tosylazid belegen Infrarotspektren 15N-isotopenmarkierter Derivate eine unverzweigte R3P=Nγ—Nβ=Nα—X-Struktur. Bei der thermischen Zersetzung in Benzol zu N-Tosyl-P-triphenyl-phosphazen (4) wird nach massenspektroskopischen Untersuchungen ausschließlich γ.β-N2 abgespalten.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020107
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  • 53
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    Über die Umsetzung von Carbonylverbindungen mit Carbonsäurechloriden in Gegenwart tertiärer Amine, III. β-Lactone und Ketendihalogenide aus Carbonylverbindungen und Dihalogenacetylchloriden (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 64-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: „In situ“ aus Dichloracetylchlorid und tertiärem Amin erzeugtes Dichlorketen addiert sich an Aldehyde und α-Oxo-carbonsäure-Derivate zu β-Lactonen, die in Abhängigkeit von sterischen Gegebenheiten mehr oder weniger leicht durch Decarboxylierung in Ketendichloride übergehen. Dibromacetylbromid verhält sich analog. Einige Umsetzungen der neuen Ketendichloride zu anderen Keten-acetal-Derivaten werden beschrieben.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020109
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  • 54
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    Eine einstufige Synthese des Decalin-dion-(1.8)-Systems (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 71-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Das Decalin-dion-(1.8)-System mit cis-Enol-chelatstruktur wird in einer Reaktionsstufe über eine kombinierte Michael-Addition und Dieckmann-Kondensation hergestellt. Physikalische Daten der erhaltenen Decalin-dion-(1.8)-dicarbonsäure-(4.4)-diester 5 und einige Umsetzungen werden beschrieben.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020110
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  • 55
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    Alkaloide aus Rhamnaceen, VI. Aralionin, ein Peptid-Alkaloid aus Araliorhamnus vaginatus Perrier (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 50-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Aus den Blättern von Araliorhamnus vaginatus Perrier wurde das Hauptalkaloid, Aralionin, isoliert und seine Struktur durch chemischen Abbau und mit Hilfe physikalischer Methoden, insbesondere der Massenspektrometrie, aufgeklärt. Aralionin besitzt ein Ringsystem, aufgebaut aus Phenylserin, C-Benzoyl-glycin und p-Hydroxy-styrylamin, und als Seitenkette ein N.N-Dimethyl-isoleucin (1).Die Massenspektren von 1 und seinen Derivaten (2, 3) zeigen, daß die elektronenstoß-induzierte Fragmentierung von Peptid-Alkaloiden durch funktionelle Gruppen in der Seitenkette einer Aminosäure entscheidend beeinflußt wird.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020108
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  • 56
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    Zur Chemie der F—C—S-Verbindungen, 2. Perhalogenierte Sulfenylcarboxylate (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 77-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Umsetzungen von Cl3-nFnCSCl (n = 1,2,3) mit F3CCO2Ag liefern in guten Ausbeuten Verbindungen vom Typ , die bei 20° unbegrenzt haltbar sind. Erhitzt man (1) im Bombenrohr auf 170°, so bilden sich Kohlendioxid und F3CSCF3, während beim Bestrahlen mit UV-Licht Perfluoracetanhydrid, F3CSSCF3 und F3CSO2SCF3 entstehen. Bestrahlt man mit (2) UV-Licht, so bilden sich CO2 und Cl2FCSCF3. Aus Thionylchlorid und Cl3-nFnCCO2Ag (n = 2,3) konnten nur die entsprechenden Anhydride und SO2 isoliert werden. Analog liefert Silberperfluorbutyrat mit F3CSCl die Zersetzungsprodukte F3CSSCF3, F3CSO2SCF3 und (C3F7CO)2O.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020111
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  • 57
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    Symmetrische Tetraalkylthiopyrophosphate (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 90-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die bis jetzt unbekannten symmetrischen Tetraalkylthiopyrophosphate (RO)2P(O)SP(O)(OR)2 (R = Ät, Prop, iProp, Bu) wurden durch Umsetzung der Dialkylphosphite mit Piperidinoschwefelchlorid erhalten. Die Strukturen wurden auf chemischem Wege und mittels der IR-Spektren bestätigt.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020113
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  • 58
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    Die Organosiliciumchemie der Phosphor-Ylide, VI. Umlagerungsreaktionen unter Silylverschiebung bei einfachen Phosphor-Yliden (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 83-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ausgehend von den silylierten Phosphinen 5 und 9 werden über die entsprechenden Phosphoniumsalze 6 und 10 die polysilylierten Phosphor-Ylide 1 und 3 erhalten. Die gleichen Substanzen sind auch durch die Umsetzungen des einfach oder mehrfach metallierten Ylids 8 mit Trimethylchlorsilan zugänglich. 1 und 3 unterliegen bei höheren Temperaturen einer thermischen Isomerisierung unter Silylgruppenwanderung und Protonenverschiebung, die zu den Yliden 2 und 4 führt. Die Gründe für diese Umlagerung und ihr Mechanismus werden diskutiert. Die Reaktionen des metallierten Ylids 7 mit Trimethylchlorgerman und -stannan ergeben unter sofortiger Umlagerung die gemischt-metallorganisch substituierten Ylide 11 und 12.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020112
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  • 59
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    Synthese und Eigenschaften von Hexaalkylborazolchromtricarbonylen (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 95-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Hexaalkylborazolchromtricarbonyle B3N3R6Cr(CO)3 (R = Alkyl) sind, ausgehend von Verbindungen des Typs cis-A3Cr(CO)3 (A bevorzugt CH3CN), in Dioxan bei 30-40° und vermindertem Druck in nahezu quantitativer Ausbeute zugänglich. Intermediär entsteht ein Dioxan-Brückenkomplex (C4H8O2)3Cr2(CO)6, der mit dem BN-Sechsring unter Ligandenaustausch reagiert. Dipolmessungen, IR- und NMR-Daten sprechen dafür, daß die Art der Borazol-Metall-Bindung in den Verbindungen B3N3R6Cr(CO)3 der Art der Benzol-Metall-Bindung in den Verbindungen C6R6Cr(CO)3 vergleichbar ist, d.h., daß das Borazol wie das Benzol in den Chromtricarbonyl-Komplexen als π-Donator fungiert.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020114
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    Enoläther, V. Die Reaktion von Thionylchlorid mit Enoläthern (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 104-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bis-[β-chlor-β-alkoxy-äthyl]-sulfoxide 5 entstehen unter milden Bedingungen bei der Umsetzung von Thionylchlorid mit Vinyläthern im Molverhältnis 1:3. Bei der Reaktion C-substituierter Vinyläther mit Thionylchlorid sind nur 1 : 1-Additionsverbindungen isolierbar. - 5a bildet mit prim. und sek. Aminen Bis-[β-amino-vinyl]-sulfoxide 7, mit Triäthylamin das Eliminierungsprodukt 9 und durch intramolekulare Redox-Reaktion 10.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020115
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    Über die Ringisomerisierung von Flavonen, III. Die Synthese des Eupatorins, eines Flavons aus Eupatorium semiserratum DC (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 112-117 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 5.3′-Dihydroxy-6.7.4′-trimethoxy-flavon (1a) wurde auf zwei Wegen, durch alkalische Ringisomerisierung der entsprechenden 5.7.8-substituierten Verbindung und nach der Baker-Venkataraman-Umlagerung synthetisiert. Dieses war mit dem aus Eupatorium semiserratum isolierten Flavon Eupatorin identisch.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020116
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  • 62
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    Zur Raumisomerie in der Pinanreihe, VIII. Die raumisomeren Pinandiole-(2.3) (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 118-125 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Durch Darstellung der zum trans-Pinansystem gehörenden Pinandiole-(2.3) (1 und 2) wird der konfigurative Zusammenhang der vier diastereomeren Pinandiole-(2.3) klar ersichtlich.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020117
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    Massenspektroskopische Untersuchungen an Tri- und Tetra-cyclopentadienyl-metall-Komplexen (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 152-160 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Massenspektren der Tri-cyclopentadienyl-metall-Komplexe von Titan, Praseodym, Holmium, Thulium, Ytterbium, Luthetium, Arsen und Antimon, der Tetra-cyclopentadienyle von Thorium und Uran sowie einiger Cyclopentadienyl-metall-halogenide dieser Elemente werden angegeben und die Fragmentierungsprozesse diskutiert. Die Untersuchungen werden ergänzt durch Messungen der Ionisierungsenergien der Komplexe und von Auftrittsenergien einer Reihe von Bruchstückionen, aus denen die für den Zerfall der Ionen aufzuwendenden Dissoziationsenergien errechnet wurden.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020119
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    Rubromycine, II (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 126-151 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Isolierung der roten Antibiotica β-Rubromycin und γ-Rubromycin wird beschrieben. - β-Rubromycin isomerisiert sich in siedendem Pyridin quantitativ zu α-Rubromycin und wird durch verd. Mineralsäuren unter Verseifung eines Methoxyls in γ-Rubromycin verwandelt. γ-iso-Rubromycin entsteht: 1. Aus γ-Rubromycin durch Erhitzen mit Pyridin oder konz. Schwefelsäure, 2. aus α-Rubromycin durch Chlorwasserstoff in Chloroform. - β-Rubromycin (11) enthält als Chromophor 8-Hydroxy-5.7-dimethoxy-naphthochinon-(1.2), das über Sauerstoff an C-4 und eine Methylengruppe an C-3 mit dem Rest des Moleküls verbunden ist. - Chromophor der drei anderen Rubromycine (12, 13, 14a) ist 5.8-Dihydroxy-2(bzw. 7)-methoxy-naphthochinon-(1.4) - in α-Rubromycin am 5-Hydroxyl methyliert -, an dem über Sauerstoff an C-7 (bzw. C-2) und Kohlenstoff an C-6 (bzw. C-3) der Rest des Moleküls hängt.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020118
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    Beiträge zur Chemie des Bors, XLIV. Dimethylthiocarbamoylmercapto-borane (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 161-166 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Natriumdimethyldithiocarbaminat reagiert mit BCl3 zu Cl2BSC(S)N(CH3)2 bzw. B[SC(S)N(CH3)2]3, mit RBCl2 zu RCIBSC(S)N(CH3)2, während Umsetzungen mit Dimethylaminoborchloriden, Dibutylborchlorid und o-Phenylendioxy-borchlorid unter CS2-Eliminierung die zugehörigen Aminoborane liefern. Diese Ergebnisse werden zusammen mit den bei der Aminoborierung von CS2 erhaltenen Resultaten diskutiert.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020120
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    Beiträge zur Chemie des Bors, XLV. Synthese und Struktur von monomeren und dimeren Hexahydro-1.2.4.5.3.6-tetrazadiborin-Derivaten (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 167-179 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Derivate des Hexahydro-1.2.4.5.3.6-tetrazadiborins (1a) entstehen bei der Einwirkung von Organylhydrazinen auf Diaminoborane oder Phenylbordichlorid. Physikalische Untersuchungen legen eine aplanare Ringstruktur mit Bevorzugung der Wannenform nahe.Die Hydrazinolyse von HB[N(CH3)2]2 mit CH3HN—NHCH3 und CH3HN—NH2 ergibt Dimere dieses Ringsystems. Es sind Methylderivate der pentacyclischen Käfigverbindung 20. Das aus Hydrazin und Bis(dimethylamino)-boran zugängliche polymere (HB-NH-NH)n zersetzt sich oberhalb von 110° unter N2-Abspaltung zu (H2B-NH-NH-BH2)n.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020121
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    Darstellung von 19β-Nor-Δ4-androstendion-(3.16) (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 186-190 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Darstellung des 19β-Nor-Δ4-androstendions-(3.16) (12) gelingt glatt und in sehr guter Ausbeute aus dem - in Analogie zu bekannten Methoden synthetisierten - 19-Hydroxy-Δ4-androstendion-(3.16) (10) über das Enamin 11.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020123
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    Derivate der Zucker-mercaptale, XL. Acetate, Benzoate und Isopropyliden-Verbindungen der 3-Desoxy-D-galaktose-dialkylmercaptale (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 180-185 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Aus den 3-Desoxy-D-galaktose-dialkylmercaptalen 2 erhält man durch Benzoylieren Tetra-O-benzoyl-3-desoxy-D-galaktose-dialkylmercaptale 5, durch Acetylieren Tetra-O-acetyl-3-desoxy-D-galaktose-dialkylmercaptale 3. Aus letzteren wird die Tetra-O-acetyl-3-desoxy-al-D-galaktose als 2.4-Dinitro-phenylhydrazon (6) gewonnen. Mit Aceton und Schwefelsäure oder Kupfersulfat bilden die 3-Desoxy-D-galaktose-dialkylmercaptale 4.5-O-Isopropyliden-3-desoxy-D-galaktose-dialkylmercaptale 1, die in das 2.6-Di-O-methyl-4.5-O-isopropyliden-3-desoxy-D-galaktose-dimethylacetal (7) und in die 2.6-Di-O-methyl-3-desoxy-D-galaktose (8) übergeführt werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020122
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  • 69
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    Metall-Bor-Verbindungen, VII. Die X2B-Gruppe als Pseudocarben-Ligand in Phosphin-Kobalt-Komplexen (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 191-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Aus (TPÄ)2CoH (TPÄ = (C6H5)2P-CH2CH2-P(C6H5)2) (3) und Borhalogeniden X2BY (X2B = Br2B, J2B, C6H5(Cl)B, Y = Cl, Br, J) bilden sich unter Wasserstoffentwicklung (TPÄ)2CoY2 und trans-(TPÄ)2Co(BX2)2. Die X2B-Gruppe ist als präformiertes Anion für Ligandenaustauschreaktionen geeignet, wie die Synthese von Verbindungen mit B—Cu, B—Ag und B—Rh-Bindung zeigt.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020124
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  • 70
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    Electronic Resource
    Synthese des 3-Carbamoyl-pyridon-(6)-adenin-dinucleotids (6-Pyridon von NAD) (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 196-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Das Dinucleotid 9 wurde aus dem Nucleotid 8 und einem Guanidinium-Salz des Adenosin-5′-phosphorsäure-amids zusammengesetzt. 8 erhielt man aus dem Silbersalz des 3-Carbamoyl-pyridons-(6) (1) und 2.3.5-Tri-O-benzoyl-D-ribofuranosylchlorid über die O-Verbindung (2), die zum N-Ribosid (3) umgelagert und nach Entbenzoylierung und Acetonierung in 2′.3′-Stellung des Ribosids 4a mit Cyanäthylphosphat und Dicyclohexylcarbodiimid in 5′-Stellung zum Nucleotid 8 phosphoryliert wurde. Die β-Verknüpfung in 4a (und damit in 9) wurde u. a. durch Korrelation mit dem analogen Glucosid 4b so gut wie sichergestellt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020125
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  • 71
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    Synthese von Derivaten des 1-Benzoxepins, 1-Benzothiepins und 1-Benzothiepin-1.1-dioxids (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 205-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Durch Umlagerung von 3.α-Epoxy-3-benzyl-chromanonen-(4), 3.α-Epoxy-3-benzyl-1-thiochromanonen-(4) und von 3.α-Epoxy-3-benzyl-1-thio-chromanon-(4)-1.1-dioxiden (1-5, 13—16) wurden 4-Aryl-2.3.4.5-tetrahydro-1-benzoxepin-dione-(3.5) und die analogen Verbindungen mit Sulfid- bzw. Sulfonfunktion erhalten (18-22, 23-26). Daraus haben sich Mono- (27-30) und Di-enolacetate (34-39) darstellen lassen. Die letzteren sind Derivate des 1-Benzoxepins, 1-Benzothiepins und 1-Benzothiepin-1.1-dioxids.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020126
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  • 72
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    Phosphortribromid- und Phosphortrijodid-pentacarbonyl-Komplexe des Chroms(O), Molybdäns(O) und Wolframs(O) (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 223-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Durch Umsetzung der Methylmethoxycarben-pentacarbonyl-metall(O)-Komplexe von Cr, Mo und W mit PBr3 und PJ3 in Hexan bzw. einem Pentan/Hexan-Gemisch wurden gemäß in nucleophiler Substitution erstmals (CO)5CrPBr3, (CO)5MoPBr3, (CO)5WPBr3 sowie (CO)5CrPJ3, (CO)5MoPJ3 und (CO)5WPJ3 gewonnen. Aus der Lage der jeweils kürzestwelligen νCO-Bande der diamagnetischen Verbindungen und ihrem Vergleich mit der der (CO)5MPCl3- und (CO)5MPH3-Komplexe (M = Cr, Mo, W) sowie der von (CO)5WPF3 ergibt sich für die PX3-Liganden folgende Reihe effektiver, aus σ-Donor- und π-Akzeptoranteil resultierender Ladungsübertragung P→Metall→CO PH3 〉 PJ3 PBr3 ˜ PCl3 〉 PF3.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020127
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  • 73
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    Über N-substitutierte 2-Amino-oxazole (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 230-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es werden Verfahren zur Darstellung von 2-Cyanamino-, 2-Guanidino- und 2-Iminoalkylamino-oxazolen 11-13 durch protonenkatalysierte Kondensation von N-substituierten Cynamiden 1-3 mit α-Hydroxy-ketonen 4-9 beschrieben. Isomerie-Verhältnisse am Oxazolring werden auf Grund spektroskopischer Untersuchungen diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020128
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  • 74
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    Untersuchung des H/D-Austauschs und der Protonenresonanz von 6-Dimethylamino-fulvenen (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 243-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 6-Dimethylamino-fulven (1) wird von CH3OD im Sinne einer elektrophilen Substitution in 2- und 5-Stellung deuteriert; unter der Annahme einer Reaktion 1. Ordnung ergab sich in CH3OD/CDCl3 (3 : 1) bei 60° eine Halbwertszeit von 3.7 Stdn. H-3 und H-4 werden langsamer gegen Deuterium ausgetauscht, ebenso das Proton in der 4-Position von 6-Dimethylamino-2.3-benzo-fulven (15). Die π- und J-Werte von 1, 10, 15, 17 und 18 wurden ermittelt; die vicinalen Kopplungskonstanten der Fulvenprotonen erlauben Aussagen über die Beteiligung polarer Grenzstrukturen am Grundzustand.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020129
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  • 75
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    Stereospezifische 4J-Fernkopplungen von Hydroxylprotonen in gesättigten Systemen (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 255-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Für das Auftreten einer4J-Fernkopplung der Protonen im gesättigten Fragment H—C—C—OH ist die koplanare Anordnung der beiden Protonen und der sie verbindenden Atome notwendig. Schon bei geringen Abweichungen von dieser Koplanarität werden die Fernkopplungen schnell klein. 4J-Kopplungen werden beschrieben für die trans- und die ekliptische Anordnung des C—H-Protons und der Hydroxylgruppe und für trans-Stellungen des Hydroxylprotons und des C—H-Kohlenstoffatoms. 4JH-C-C-OH-Kopplungen, in Kombination mit 3JH-C-OH-Kopplungen eröffnen eine Möglichkeit zur Konformationsanalyse des Hydroxylprotons.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020130
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  • 76
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    Spiroheterocyclische Quecksilber(II)-halogenid-Komplexe. Die Reaktion von Tetrakis(diphenylphosphinomethyl)-methanoctahalogeniden mit elementarem Quecksilber (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 297-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Octahalogenderivate des Tetrakis(diphenylphosphinomethyl)-methans, C[CH2P(X)2R2]4 (R=C6H5; X = Cl, Br, J), bilden mit elementarem Quecksilber Quecksilber(I)-halogenide und die spiroheterocyclischen Quecksilber(II)-halogenid-Komplexe C[CH2P(C6H5)2].2HgX2, die auch durch direkte Umsetzung von C[CH2P(C6H5)2]4 mit Quecksilber(II)-halogeniden zugänglich sind. Die Reaktionsabläufe werden mitgeteilt, die Strukturen der neuen Verbindungen diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020134
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  • 77
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    3-Aza-pyrylium-Salze, V. Herstellung und Umsetzung von 3-Aza-thiopyryliumsalzen (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 269-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Hydrogensulfid reagiert mit 3-Aza-pyryliumsalzen (1) in 6-Stellung und führt zu β-Acylamino vinyl-thiocarbonylverbindungen (3). Die dehydratisierende Cyclisierung von 3 liefert das neue heterocyclische System der 3-Aza-thiopyryliumsalze (5). Die Reaktionen von 5 mit nucleophilen Sauerstoff-, Kohlenstoff- und Schwefelverbindungen zeigen, daß 5 analog wie 1 zur Übertragung vielseitig substituierter, ungesättigter C3-Reste auf nucleophile Reaktionspartner geeignet ist. Der Verlauf der Cyclisierung der Verbindungen 3,4 und 6 wird diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020131
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  • 78
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    Darstellung und Pyrolyse von Tetramethylcyclobutenen mit ankondensierten 5-, 6-, 7- und 8-Ringen (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 275-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Durch säurekatalysierte Isomerisierung von methylierten Methylencyclobutenen mit ungesättigten Seitenketten gelangt man zu den in der Überschrift genannten Bicyclen. Im Gegensatz zu den niederen Homologen läßt sich der 4-8-Ring-Kohlenwasserstoff leicht zu einem Monocyclus pyrolysieren, weil bei ihm die energetisch günstigere Konrotation möglich ist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020132
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  • 79
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    Halogenderivate des tetratertiären Phosphins Tetrakis(diphenylphosphinomethyl)-methan und des tetratertiären Arsins Tetrakis-(diphenylarsinomethyl)-methan (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 289-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Tetrakis(diphenylphosphinomethyl)-methan, C[CH2P(C6H5)2]4, sowie Tetrakis(diphenylarsinomethyl)-methan, C[CH2As(C6H5)2]4, reagieren mit Halogenen zu Verbindungen des allgemeinen Typs C[CH2E(X)2(C6H5)2]4 (E = P, As; X = Cl, Br, J), in denen sämtliches Halogen im Festzustand und in Dichlormethan-Lösung kovalent gebunden ist. In stärker polaren Lösungsmitteln wie Dimethylformamid oder Acetonitril verhalten sich die Chlorderivate wie 1:2-, die Bromderivate wie 1 : 3- und die Jodverbindungen wie 1 : 4-Elektrolyte. Die aus sterischen Gründen mögliche Bildung von chlorverbrückten spirocyclischem, bromverbrückten bicyclischen und jodbrückenfreien Phosphonium- und Arsoniumkationen wird diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020133
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  • 80
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    Zur Reaktionsweise des Cyclopropenon-Systems, 6. Reaktionen des 3-Äthoxy-1.2-diphenyl-cyclopropenylium-Kations mit C-Nucleophilen (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 319-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Reaktivität des 3-Äthoxy-1.2-diphenyl-cyclopropenylium-Kations (1) gegenüber C-Anionen des Malodinitrils, Cyanessigesters, Benzylcyanids etc. wird systematisch untersucht. Das Nucleophil kann sowohl am C-3 als auch am C-1 von 1 angreifen; diese Konkurrenz ist von Solvens und Substituenteneffekten determiniert. Die entstehenden Produkte - Δ1-resp. Δ2-Cyclopropen-3-äthyläther 9 bzw. 10, Methylencyclopropen-Derivate (16) oder ringoffene 1 : 1-Addukte (20) - werden in ihrer Struktur aufgeklärt und ihr Bildungsmechanismus diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020137
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  • 81
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    Reaktionen an Indolderivaten, X. Michael-Additionen an β-Dicarbonylverbindungen in der Indolreihe (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 310-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An β-Dicarbonylverbindungen der Indolreihe werden im Zusammenhang mit dem Vergleich der Reaktivität der Diketone 1 und 2 Michael-Additionen mit Acrylsäure-Derivaten und Brenztraubensäure-methylester-enolacetat durchgeführt, die z. T. zu unerwarteten Reaktionsprodukten (5, 13, 21a) führen. Die Struktur dieser Substanzen wird mit Hilfe der NMR- und Massenspektroskopie aufgeklärt und ihre Bildung wird diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020136
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  • 82
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    Photochemische Reaktionen, VI. Photoumlagerungen von N-Phenyl-lactamen (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 342-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: N-Phenyl-pyrrolidon (1b) wird durch UV-Licht in N-Phenyl-pyrrol (9) übergeführt. N-Phenyllactame mit mindestens 7 Ringgliedern (1d-f) lassen sich photochemisch in guten Ausbeuten in die Benz-aza-cycloalkenone 4d-f umlagern. Die Struktur der Photolyseprodukte wird spektroskopisch, durch Derivate und durch Abbau zu Anthranilsäure gesichert.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020138
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  • 83
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    Über Nitrosyl-Metall-Komplexe, V. Die Cyclopentadienyl-cyano-carbonyl-nitrosyl-Anionen von Chrom, Molybdän und Wolfram (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 305-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Einwirkung von NaN[Si(CH3)3]2 (2), das komplexgebundene CO-Gruppen in CN-Gruppen überführt, auf die Carbonyl-nitrosyl-Verbindungen 1 sollte, wenn der Angriff am CO erfolgt, CN-Verbindungen, wenn er am NO einsetzt, dagegen N2-Komplexe ergeben. Die mit 60-80% Ausbeute isolierbaren Na-Salze der CN-Komplexe 3 beweisen, daß die Base 2 an der CO-Gruppe angreift. Die Cyclopentadienyl-cyano-carbonyl-nitrosyl-Anionen 3 wurden als Na- und als As(C6H5)4-Salze charakterisiert. In den in Form von Monohydraten vorliegenden Na-Salzen ist das Hydratwasser über Wasserstoffbrücken an den Nitrosyl-Sauerstoff gebunden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020135
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  • 84
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    Notiz zur Synthese neuer Benzilderivate (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 371-373 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020141
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  • 85
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    Isothiocyanate, XVII. Reaktionen von N-Aryl-α-cyan-malonsäure-äthylester-thioamiden (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 351-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die in der Enthiol-Form fixierten α-Cyan-malonsäure-äthylester-thioanilide (1) cyclisieren mit Brom zu Benzthiazolinen (2). Ebenso lassen sie sich zu Disulfiden 4, umsetzen, deren weitere Oxydation 2 ergibt. Mit Aminen reagieren die Thioamide 1 zu stabilen Aminsalzen 6, mit Nickelacetat zu Nickel-Chelaten 7.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020139
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  • 86
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    Notiz über die Darstellung von 2.2.8.8-Tetramethyl-5-tert.-butyl-nonandion-(3.7) und 2.4.6-Tri-tert.-butyl-pyryliumperchlorat (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 374-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020142
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  • 87
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    Arylschwefel-Radikale, I. Über die Dehydrierung tert.-butylierter Thiophenole (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 359-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bei der Dehydrierung und Photolyse von 2.6-di-tert.-butylierten Thiophenolen in Lösung beobachtet man Radikale mit einer Lebensdauer von Minuten, denen aufgrund ihres ESR-Spektrums und der übrigen Befunde die Struktur von 2.6-di-tert.-butylierten Arylschwefel-Radikalen mit weitgehender Lokalisierung des einsamen Elektrons am Schwefel zugeschrieben wird. Die Beteiligung des Schwefels am Radikalzustand wird durch Markierung mit 33S nachgewiesen.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020140
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  • 88
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    Notiz über eine Ringerweiterungsreaktion durch SO3-Einschiebung (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 376-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020143
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  • 89
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    Notiz zur Dehydrierung von Δ2-Pyrazolinen mit N-Bromsuccinimid (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 378-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020144
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  • 90
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    Notiz zur Darstellung des Trimethylchlorarsonium- und stibonium-hexachloroantimonats(V) (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 380-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020145
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  • 91
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    Berichtigung (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 382-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020146
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  • 92
    Electronic Resource
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    Max Bergmann 1886-1944 (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. i 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020147
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  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020201
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  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    α-Pyridyl-glyoxal (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 383-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Synthese von α-Pyridyl-glyoxal (2) (in Lösung) und einige Eigenschaften werden beschrieben.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020202
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Existenz carbocyclischer aci-Reduktone mittlerer Ringgröße (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 388-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Cyclische aci-Reduktone mittlerer Ringgröße, die nach den bisher bekannten Verfahren nicht zugänglich waren, werden auf neuem Weg in Lösung hergestellt. Ausgangsprodukte sind die leicht zugänglichen α-Diketone 2, die über ihre Monoacetale 3 in die Acyl-enoläther 4 übergeführt werden. Epoxydation liefert die Glycidäther 5, die zu den Dionolen 6 hydrolysiert werden; deren Isomerisierung über die Zwischenstufe der Endiolate 7 führt zu den aci-Reduktonen 8.
    Additional Material: 8 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020203
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  • 96
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    Umlagerungsreaktionen, IV. Über die Dimroth-Umlagerung im System 5-Amino-1.2.3-thiadiazol/5-Mercapto-1.2.3-triazol (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 417-422 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 5-Arylamino-4-acyl-1.2.3-thiadiazole (2) gehen mit Piperidin in siedendem Äthanol Dimroth-Umlagerung zu den Piperidiniumsalzen von 5-Mercapto-1-aryl-4-acyl-1.2.3-triazolen (3) ein, aus denen man beim Ansäuren die Mercaptotriazole 5 erhält. Letztere lagern sich beim Erhitzen in Eisessig wieder in die Thiadiazole 2 um; mit Oxydationsmitteln wie tert.-Butylhypochlorit oder Jod gehen sie in Bis-[1-aryl-4-acyl-1.2.3-triazolyl-(5)]-disulfide (4) über, die man auch direkt aus den Thiadiazolen 2 herstellen kann.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020206
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  • 97
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    Electronic Resource
    Fragmentierungsreaktionen an Carbonylverbindungen mit β-ständigen elektronegativen Substituenten, XIX. Mitteil.: F. Nerdel, P . Weyerstahl, D. Kühne und H.-J. Lengert, Liebigs Ann. Chem. 718, 115 (1968).. Synthese und Konfiguration der 1-p-Toluolsulfonyloxy-2-methyl-4-tert.-butyl-2-formyl-cyclohexane und 1-p-Toluolsulfonyloxy-2-methyl-2-formyl-cyclohexane bzw. -cyclopentane (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 395-406 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Synthesen der vier isomeren 1-p-Toluolsulfonyloxy-2-methyl-4-tert.-butyl-2-formylcyclohexane (5a-d) sowie der beiden 1-p-Toluolsulfonyloxy-2-methyl-2-formyl-cyclohexane (10a und b) und -cyclopentane (15a und b) werden beschrieben. Die Konfigurationen werden zugeordnet und Betrachtungen über die Konformationen von 10a und b angestellt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020204
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  • 98
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    Fragmentierungsreaktionen an Carbonylverbindungen mit β-ständigen elektronegativen Substituenten, XIIXI. Mitteil.: F. Nerdel, D . Frank und G. Barth, Chem. Ber. 102, 395 (1969), voranstehend.. Solvolyse von 1-p-Toluolsulfonyloxy-2-methyl-4-tert.-butyl-2-formyl-cyclohexanen und 1-p-Toluolsulfonyloxy-2-methyl-2-formyl-cyclohexanen bzw. -cyclopentanen (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 407-416 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Solvolyse der Titelverbindungen ergibt ausschließlich Fragmentierung zu den entsprechenden Cycloalkenen, wenn Tosylat- und Aldehyd-Gruppe eine anti-periplanare Konformation einnehmen können. Ist dies ausgeschlossen, treten neben der Fragmentierung Ausweichreaktionen unter Wagner-Meerwein-Umlagerung ein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020205
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beiträge zum Studium der Thiazole, XXII. Thiazolylaminosäuren (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 423-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die neuen Aminosäuren β-[2-Dimethylamino-thiazolyl-(4)]-alanin-dihydrochlorid (3a) und β-[5-Nitro-2-dimethylamino-thiazolyl-(4)]-alanin-hydrochlorid (3b) werden dargestellt. Einwirkung von Natriumäthylat auf die 5-Nitro-2-dialkylamino-4-chlormethyl-thiazole 1c und 1d führt zu den cis-bzw. trans-1.2-Bis-[5-nitro-2-dialkylamino-thiazolyl-(4)]-äthylenen trans-4a, cis-4b und trans-4b.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020207
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  • 100
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    3.3-Diphenyl-3H-3-benzosilepin (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 432-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Das durch Bromierung von 3.3-Diphenyl-1.2.4.5-tetrahydro-3H-3-benzosilepin (1) mit N-Brom-succinimid entstehende 1.5-Dibrom-Derivat 2 läßt sich mit 1.5-Diazabicyclo[4.3.0]-nonen-(5) (3) zu 3.3-Diphenyl-3H-3-benzosilepin (4) dehydrobromieren. Die Pyrolyse des Silepins 4 führt zu Naphthalin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020209
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