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  • 1965-1969  (2,093)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (2,026)
  • Insulin  (35)
  • Electron Microscopy  (32)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über Wirkungen von N-Amidino-3,5-diamino-6-chloro-pyrazin-carboxamid (Amilorid) auf den Glucosetransport und den Leucineinbau in Proteine des epididymalen Fettgewebes der Ratte (1969)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 262 (1969), S. 139-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Amiloride ; Insulin ; Glucose Transport ; Leucine Incorporation ; Isolated Adipose Tissue ; Amilorid ; Insulin ; Glucosetransport ; Leucineinbau ; isoliertes Fettgewebe
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Die Aufnahme von Glucose ins isolierte epididymale Fettgewebe und die Bildung von 14CO2 aus [1-14C]-Glucose wurde als Maß von Transportvorgängen, die Incorporation von [1-14C]-Leucin ins Fettgewebsprotein als Maß der Proteinsynthese vor und nach Zusatz von Amilorid in vitro verwendet. 2. Amilorid setzt den Transport durch die Membran sowohl ohne als auch mit Stimulierung durch Insulin halbmaximal in 10−4 M-Konzentration herab. Aus der Kinetik des Transportes kann geschlossen werden, daß Amilorid die maximale Geschwindigkeit des gesamten Vorganges verlangsamt, ohne die Transportkonstante zu verändern. 3. Der Einbau von Leucin ins Fettgewebsprotein wird durch Amilorid in 3 · 10−4 M-Konzentration auf ein Zehntel herabgesetzt. Das Verhalten von [1-14C]-α-Aminoisobuttersäure läßt den Schluß zu, daß der Aminosäuretransport durch die Membran des Fettgewebes nicht beeinflußt wird. 4. Die Wirkungen des Amilorids am Fettgewebe entsprechen im Prinzip denjenigen des Triamterens und des 6-Aminonicotinsäureamids. Ebenso ist allen gemeinsam, daß sie den renalen Natrium- und Kaliumtransport im distalen Abschnitt des Nephrons hemmen. 5. Es ist möglich, daß ein Zusammenhang zwischen den hemmenden Wirkungen dieser Pharmaka auf den Leucin-Einbau in das Fettgewebsprotein und der Störung von Transportvorgängen durch biologische Membranen besteht.
    Notes: Summary 1. The uptake of glucose and the formation of 14CO2 from [1-14C]-glucose were used as a measure of transport processes, and the incorporation of [1-14C]-leucine into the protein of adipose tissue served as a measure of protein synthesis before and after the addition of amiloride to the isolated epididymal adipose tissue of the rat in vitro. 2. In a concentration of 10−4 M, amiloride decreases the glucose transport through tissue membranes by 50% with and without stimulation by insulin. It can be deduced from the kinetics of the transport that amiloride slows down the maximal velocity of the complete process without influencing the transport constant. 3. The incorporation of leucine into adipose tissue protein was diminished to 10% by amiloride in a concentration of 3 × 10−4 M. Experiments with [1-14C]-α-aminoisobutyric acid allow the conclusion that the amino acid transport through the membrane of the adipose tissue remains uninfluenced. 4. The effects of amiloride on the adipose tissue are similar to those of triamterene and of 6-aminonicotinamide. In addition, they all inhibit renal sodium and potassium transport in the distal part of the nephron. 5. It is possible, that there is a connection between the inhibiting effects of these drugs on the incorporation of leucine into the protein of adipose tissue and the disturbance of transport processes through biological membranes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00537655
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of insulin on glucagon enhanced lipolysis in vitro (1969)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 5 (1969), S. 195-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; glucagon ; adipose tissue ; lipolysis ; FFA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé A des concentrations proches de celles qui sont rencontrées dans le plasma humain, le glucagon stimule fortement la lipolyse au niveau de la graisse épididymaire du rat, étudiéein vitro. Les effets de telles concentrations de glucagon sont réduits, voire abolis par l'insuline aux concentrations de 25 et 100μU/ml. Rapprochées de l'effet insulinogénique puissant du glucagon, ces observations peuvent fournir une explication quant au caractère retardé de l'élévation du taux sanguin des acides gras libres observée après injection de glucagonin vivo.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Glucagon stimuliert in Konzentrationen, wie sie auch im menschlichen Plasma vorkommen, die Lipolyse im Ratten-Nebenhodenfettgewebein vitro stark. Die Effekte derartiger Glucagonkonzentrationen werden durch Insulin (25–100μE/ml) verringert bis aufgehoben. Unter Berücksichtigung der ausgeprägten Wirkung von Glucagon auf die Insulinfreisetzung können diese Beobachtungen eine Erklärung für die Verzögerung des Anstiegs der freien Fettsäuren im Serum liefern, die man nach Glucagoninjektionenin vivo beobachtet.
    Notes: Summary Glucagon in concentrations similar to those found in human plasma markedly stimulates lipolysis in rat adipose tissuein vitro. The effects of these “physiological” concentrations of glucagon are reduced or abolished by insulin at concentrations of 25 and 100μU/ml. Considering the marked insulinogenic effect of glucagon these observations may provide an explanation for the delayed increase of blood FFA observed after glucagon injectionin vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01213680
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insulin release by isolated pancreatic islets of the mouse incubated in vitro (1969)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 5 (1969), S. 61-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; islets of Langerhans ; mouse ; collagenase ; glucose ; mannoheptulose ; glucagon ; adrenaline ; phentolamine ; theophylline ; tolbutamide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La libération de l'insuline pendant l'incubation des îlots de Langerhans de la souris, isolés après digestion du pancréas par la collagénase, a été étudiée, et l'influence de divers facteurs sur la vitesse de libération a été recherchée. Le glucose à 3.0 mg/ml (glucose élevé) stimulait la libération d'insuline, mais n'avait pas d'effet à 0.6 mg/ml (taux bas). Le mannoheptulose bloquait la stimulation provoquée par du glucose élevé, comme le faisait l'adrénaline. L'effet de l'adrénaline était aboli par la phentolamine, un agent bloquant alpha adrénergique. Le glucagon seul, ainsi qu'en pre'sence d'un taux de glucose bas, stimulait la libération d'insuline, mais non de façon constante avec un taux de glucose élevé. L'adrénaline abolissait la stimulation provoquée par le glucagon. La théophylline stimulait la libération lorsque le glucose était bas, mais beaucoup moins lorsque le glucose était élevé et pas du tout avec le glucagon, quelle que soit la concentration de glucose. Le tolbutamide stimulait la libération d'insuline avec une faible concentration de glucose et cet effet n'était pas inhibé par l'adrénaline. La convenance de cette préparation pour des études sur le métabolisme des cellules insulaires et sa relation avec la sécrét ion d'insuline est discutée.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Es wurde die Insulinausschüttung aus Langerhans'schen Inseln von Mäusen, die durch Kollagenase-Behandlung des Pankreas gewonnen worden waren, untersucht und der Einfluß verschiedener Faktoren auf die Freisetzungsgeschwindigkeit überprüft. Eine hohe Glucose-Konzentration von 3.0 mg/ml förderte die Insulin-Ausschüttung, während die niedrige Konzentration von 0.6 mg/ml keine Wirkung ergab. Mannoheptulose und Adrenalin blockierten die Stimulation durch die hohe Glucosekonzentration. Der AdrenalinEffekt konnte durch Phentolamin, eine alpha-Rezeptoren blockierende Substanz, wieder aufgehoben werden. Glucagon führte allein und in Gegenwart der niedrigen Glucosekonzentration zu einer verstärkten Insulininkretion: dies war jedoch bei Kombination mit der hohen Glucosekonzentration nicht konstant der Fall. Adrenalin hob die Stimulierung durch Glucagon auf. Theophyllin führte bei Gegenwart der niedrigen Glucosekonzentration zu einer gesteigerten Ausschüttung, dieser Effekt trat unter der höheren Glucosekonzentration in wesentlich geringerem Umfang und bei Zusatz von Glucagon und einer der beiden verwandten Glucosekonzentrationen überhaupt nicht auf. Bei niedriger Glucosekonzentration stimulierte Tolbutamid die Insulinfreisetzung; dieser Effekt ließ sich durch Adrenalin nicht aufheben. Die Aussagefähigkeit dieses Präparates für Untersuchungen des Inselzell-Stoffwechsels und seiner Beziehungen zur Insulininkretion wird diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary The release of insulin during incubation of mouse islets of Langerhans, isolated after digestion of the pancreas with collagenase, has been studied, and the influence of various factors on the rate of release investigated. Glucose at 3.0 mg/ml (high glucose) stimulated insulin release, but had no effect at 0.6 mg/ml (low glucose). Mannoheptulose blocked the stimulation by high glucose, as did adrenaline. The adrenaline effect was abolished by phentolamine, an alpha-adrenergic blocking agent. Glucagon alone, stimulated insulin release, and also with low glucose, but not consistently with high glucose. Adrenaline abolished the stimulation by glucagon. Theophylline stimulated release with low glucose, much less so with high glucose and not at all with glucagon at either glucose concentration. Tolbutamide stimulated release with low glucose, and this effect was not inhibited by adrenaline. The suitability of this preparation for studies of islet cell metabolism and its relationship to secretion of insulin is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01211999
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insulin in bile (1969)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 5 (1969), S. 304-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; bile ; rabbit ; 125I-insulin ; glucose ; galactose ; fructose ; tolbutamide ; phenformin ; liver
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé On trouve de l'insuline immunoréactive dans la bile hépatique de lapins normaux. Moins de 1% d'une dose injectée d'insuline bovine atteint la bile. Quand de l'insuline bovine 125I, seule ou liée à l'anticorps, est administrée par voie intraveineuse, seulement 40% de la radioactivité retrouvée dans la bile est précipitable avec l'acide trichloracétique et moins de 10% réagit avec le sérum anti-insuline de cobaye. Le glucose, le fructose le galactose, le tolbutamide et la phenformine provoquent tous une élévation de l'insuline dans la bile, qui atteint son maximum 40 à 50 min après l'injection. L'alloxane atténue ou abolie ces réponses.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Immunoreaktives Insulin wird in der Leber-Galle normaler Kaninchen gefunden. Weniger als 1% einer injizierten Dosis von Rinder-Insulin erreicht die Galle. Wenn man reines oder an Antikörper gebundenes 125I-Rinderinsulin intravenös verabreicht, lassen sich mit Hilfe von Trichloressigsäure nur 40% der Radioaktivität ausfällen, die in der Galle gefunden wird, und weniger als 10% reagieren mit Meerschweinchen-Anti-Insulinserum. Glucose, Fructose, Galaktose, Tolbutamide und Phenformin verursachen ein Ansteigen von Insulin in der Galle, welches ein Maximum innerhalb von 40 bis 50 Min. nach der Injektion erreicht. Alloxan vermindert oder hebt diese Effekte auf.
    Notes: Summary Immuno-reactive insulin is found in the hepatic bile of normal rabbits. Less than 1% of an injected dose of bovine insulin reached the bile. When 125I-bovine insulin alone or complexed with antibody was given intravenously, only 40% of the radioactivity recovered in the bile was precipitable with trichloracetic acid, and less than 10% reacted with guinea pig anti-insulin serum. Glucose, fructose, galactose, tolbutamide and phenformin all caused an elevation in bile insulin, which reached a maximum 40 to 50 min after the injection. Alloxan attenuated or abolished these responses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00452903
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimentelle Untersuchungen über die blutzuckersenkende Wirkung von Rinder-Proinsulin (1969)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 5 (1969), S. 325-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; proinsulin ; blood sugar ; mice ; rats ; pancreatectomy ; nephrectomy ; hepatectomy (partial) alloxan diabetes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Chez les rats et les souris le taux du sucre sanguin est abaissé par une proinsuline obtenue à partir de l'insuline bovine (Schmidt et Arens [6]). Chez les rats alimentés et les souris à jeun, le rapport d'activité proinsuline: insuline est de 1∶4, chez les rats à jeun de 1∶2, dans le cas de dose équimolaire et en mesurant l'abaissement maximum du sucre sanguin. L'abaissement du sucre sanguin évolue de façon plus lente après proinsuline qu'après insuline. La proinsuline, incubée in vitro avec la trypsine, agit quantitativement et au point de vue temps, comme l'insuline. Chez les rats pancréatectomisés, chez les rats néphrectomisés ainsi que chez ceux hépatectomisés aux deux tiers, l'action de la proinsuline est la même que chez les animaux normaux. Les souris rendues diabétiques par l'alloxane répondent également à la proinsuline comme les souris intactes. L'action hypoglycémiante de la proinsuline se manifeste de façon retardée probablement parce que l'insuline active doit tout d'abord se former par un processus protéolytique dépendant du facteur temps. Ceci pourrait être aussi la raison pour laquelle, Rubenstein et coll. [5] signalent l'absence d'effet de la proinsuline dans le test de convulsion chez la souris.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung An Ratten und Mäusen wird der Blutzucker durch ein aus Rinderinsulin gewonnenes Proinsulin (Schmidt und Arens [6]) gesenkt. Bei gefütterten Ratten und nüchternen Mäusen ist das WirkungsVerhältnis Proinsulin: Insulin = 1∶4, bei nüchternen Ratten 1∶2, wenn äquiznolar dosiert und das Maximum der Blutzuckersenkung gewertet wird. Die Blutzuckersenkung verläuft nach Proinsulin protrahierter als nach Insulin. Proinsulin, welches in vitro mit Trypsin inkubiert wurde, wirkt quantitativ und zeitlich wie Insulin. Bei pankreatektomierten, bei nephrektomierten und bei zweidrittelhepatektomierten Ratten wirkt Proinsulin ebenso wie an Normaltieren. Auch alloxandidbetische Mäuse sprechen auf Proinsulin wie intakte Mäuse an. Die hypoglykämische Wirkung des Proinsulins tritt wahrscheinlich deshalb verzögert ein, weil das aktive Insulin in einem zeitabhängigen proteolytischen Prozeß erst entstehen muß. Dies könnte auch die Ursache für eine von Rubenstein et al. [5] zitierte, fehlende Wirkung von Proinsulin im Mäusekrampftest sein.
    Notes: Summary Proinsulin obtained from bovine insulin (Schmidt and Arens [6]) lowered the blood sugar level of rats and mice. The activity ratio proinsulin: insulin was 1∶4 in fed rats and fasted mice, and 1∶2 in fasted rats, based on an equimolar dosage and measuring the effect in terms of maximum lowering of the blood sugar value. After proinsulin the decrease of the blood sugar was more protracted than after insulin. Proinsulin which was incubated with trypsin in vitro, resembled insulin in degree and onset of action. In pancreatectomized, nephrectomized and two-thirds hepatectomized rats proinsulin acted as in normal animals. Alloxan-diabetic mice responded to proinsulin like intact mice. The reason why the onset of the hypoglycaemic action of proinsulin was delayed is probably due to the fact that the active insulin must first be produced by a time-dependent proteolytic process. This may also be the cause of the ineffectiveness of proinsulin in the mouse convulsion test which was quoted by Rubenstein et al. [5].
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00452907
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of insulin in mouse tissues using fluorescence microscopy and light microscope and high resolution autoradiography. (1969)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 5 (1969), S. 67-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; mouse tissues ; kidney fluorescence microscopy ; microscopy ; autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La localisation d'insuline marquée avec I125 ou avec de l'isothiocyanate de fluorescéine a été étudiée au moyen d'autohistoradiographie au microscope optique, au microscope électronique et au moyen de microscopie à fluorescence dans les tissus de souris à jeun et de souris alimentées normalement. L'hormone fluorescente a été trouvée dans les cellules des tubules proximaux du rein de souris à jeun seulement, tandis que l'hormone radioactive a été repérée aussi dans le rein de souris alimentées, bien qu'en quantité inférieure à celle trouvée chez les souris à jeun. Au microscope électronique la radioactivité est présente dans le rein dans la bordure en brosse, les vacuoles et les mitochondries apicales et le noyau, mais pas dans l'appareil de Golgi ou dans les lysosomes. —L'hormone radioactive est aussi présente dans les autres tissus mais sans différence quantitative entre les souris à jeun et les souris alimentées. Les auteurs concluent que le procédé de ré-absorption de l'insuline par les cellules des tubules proximaux du rein est spécifique: l'hormone n'est pas dégradée de la même façon que les autres protéines mais probablement stockée afin de contrôler les processus métaboliques relevant des organelles subcellulaires dans lesquelles elle se trouve.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Gefütterte und fastende Mäuse erhielten fluoreszierendes oder mit125J markiertes Insulin i.v. Die Lokalisation des Insulins in den Geweben wurde untersucht. Nur bei Tieren im Hungerzustand fand sich das fluoreszierende Hormon in den Nieren, während sich das radioaktive Insulin bei gefütterten und fastenden Tieren in den proximalen Tubulusschlingen der Nieren nachweisen ließ. Die fastenden Tiere schienen dabei mehr Radioaktivität aufzuweisen. Wurden die Nieren unter Verwendung von Techniken mit hohem Auflösungsvermögen untersucht, so fand sich die Radioaktivität im Bürstensaum, in den apikalen Vakuolen und Mitochondrien und dem Kern, jedoch nicht im Golgi-Apparat oder den Lysosomen. Alle anderen Gewebe enthielten Hormon-Radioaktivität, aber weder ihre Menge noch ihre Lokalisation unterschieden sich bei gefütterten und fastenden Tieren. Es wird gefolgert, daß der Prozeß der Insulinabsorption durch die Zellen der proximalen Tubulusschlingen spezifisch ist und daß das Hormon nicht in ähnlicher Weise wie andere Eiweißkörper abgebaut wird. Wahrscheinlich kommt es über eine Speicherung zu einer Steuerung der entsprechenden Stoffwechselprozesse in den subzellulären Organellen, in denen das Hormon sich befindet.
    Notes: Summary Starved and fed mice were injected intravenously with either fluorescent or125I-insulin and the localization of the hormone was investigated in various tissues. The fluorescent hormone was found in the kidney of starved animals only, whereas the radioactive hormone was found in the proximal convoluted tubule cells of the kidney of both fed and fasted animals, although the latter group appeared to contain more radioactivity than the first. With high resolution techniques the radioactivity in the kidney was found in the brush border, the apical vacuoles, the apical mitochondria and the nucleus, and never in the Golgi apparatus or the lysosomes. All other tissues contained radioactivity due to the hormone, but no difference in either the amount or the localization was found between fed an starved animals. It is concluded that the process of absorption of insulin by the cells of the proximal convoluted tubules is specific and that the hormone is not degraded in a way similar to other proteins, but is likely to be stored and to control cellular metabolic processes from its sites of localization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01212000
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The stimulatory effect by insulin on the incorporation of32P radioactive inorganic phosphate into intracellular inorganic phosphate, adenine nucleotides and guanine nucleotides of the intact isolated rat diaphragm (1969)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 5 (1969), S. 79-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; 32P incorporation ; adenine nucleotides ; guanine nucleotides ; Na+K+ ATP-ase ; ouabain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le but de ces investigations a été de contribuer à la compréhension du mécanisme d'action de l'insuline, en provoquant un turn-over accru du phosphate inorganique marqué au32P, en ATP et autres mononucléotides, dans le diaphragme du rat. Pendant l'incubation du diaphragme intact de rat dans un milieu bicarbonaté de Krebs Ringer, sans addition de substrat, on n'a pas observé d'effet de l'insuline sur le contenu en adénine-nucléotides, en guanine-nucléotides, y compris le 3′5′ AMP cyclique et le 3′5′ GMP cyclique. Quand du phosphate inorganique radioactif marqué au32P était présent dans le milieu, l'insuline augmentait l'activité spécifique du phosphate inorganique intracellulaire et provoquait une incorporation accrue du32P dans l'ATP et le GTP. L'effet sur l'ADP était moins prononcé. Il a été montré que ces effets de l'insuline dépendent de la composition ionique du milieu et du transport membranaire des ions. L'augmentation due à l'insuline de l'activité spécifique du phosphate inorganique intracellulaire et du marquage accru au32P de l'ATP (et du GTP) était en grande partie inhibée par l'ouabaïne. Pendant l'incubation dans les milieux où le chlorure de sodium a été remplacé isoosmotiquement par le chlorure de potassium ou de choline, les effets de l'insuline décrits ci-dessus étaient abolis. Les résultats indiquent que le marquage accru de l'ATP (et du GTP) provoqué par l'insuline, peut être en premier lieu attribué à des phénomènes survenant au niveau de la membrane cellulaire. L'augmentation de l'activité spécifique du phosphate inorganique intracellulaire en présence d'insuline, peut s'expliquer par une captation accrue du phosphate inorganique marqué au32P, à partir du milieu. Apparemment le marquage accru au32P de l'ATP (et du GTP) est une conséquence secondaire. On suggère que cet effet de l'insuline est d'abord en rapport avec un effet sur les enzymes de la membrane, en particulier sur l'ATP-ase activée par Na+, K+ et Mg2+.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Ziel dieser Untersuchungen war es, zu einem besseren Verständnis der stimulierenden Wirkung von Insulin auf den Einbau von anorganischem32P Phosphat in ATP und andere Mononucleotide im Rattenzwerchfell beizutragen. Während der Inkubation intakter Rattenzwerchfelle in Krebs-Ringer-Bicarbonat Puffer ohne Substratzusatz konnte kein Insulineffekt auf den Gehalt an Adenonucleotiden und Guaninnucleotiden, sowie von cyclischem 3′,5′ AMP und cyclischem 3′,5′ GMP beobachtet werden. In Gegenwart von anorganischem32P Phosphat steigerte Insulin die spezifische Aktivität von intrazellulärem anorganischen Phosphat und bewirkte einen verstärkten Einbau von32P in ATP und GTP. Die Wirkung auf ADP war weniger ausgeprägt. Es konnte gezeigt werden, daß diese Insulineffekte von dem IonenGehalt des Mediums und dem Membrantransport der Ionen abhängen. Die Steigerung der spezifischen Aktivität des anorganischen Phosphates und der Markierung von ATP (und GTP) mit32P ließ sich weitgehend durch Ouabain wieder aufheben. Bei Inkubation in Pufferlösungen, die statt NaCl isoosmolare Mengen von KCl oder Cholinchlorid enthielten, waren die oben erwähnten Insulineffekte nicht mehr nachweisbar. Die Resultate sprechen dafür, daß die verstärkte Markierung von ATP (und GTP) unter Insulin in erster Linie auf Vorgängen an der Zellmembran beruht. Die erhöhte spezifische Aktivität des intrazellulären anorganischen Phosphates in Gegenwart von Insulin läßt sich durch einen verstärkten Einstrom von32P Phosphat aus dem Medium erklären. Augenscheinlich kommt es dadurch sekundär zu einer gesteigerten32P Markierung von ATP (und GTP). Wir möchten annehmen, daß dieser Insulineffekt vorwiegend über die Membranenzyme erfolgt und sich vor allem auf die Na+, K+ und Mg++ aktivierbare ATPase erstreckt.
    Notes: Summary The aim of these investigations has been to contribute to an understanding of the mechanism of action of insulin in promoting increased turn over of32P inorganic phosphate into ATP and other mononucleotides in the rat diaphragm. During incubation of the intact rat diaphragm in Krebs Ringer bicarbonate medium without addition of substrate, no effect of insulin on the content of adenine nucleotides and guanine nucleotides including cyclic 3′,5′ AMP and cyclic 3′,5′ GMP has been observed. When32P radioactive inorganic phosphate was present in the medium, insulin increased the specific activity of intracellular inorganic phosphate and promoted an increased incorporation of32P into ATP and GTP. The effect on ADP was less pronounced. It has been shown that these effects of insulin depend upon the ionic composition of the medium and on ion membrane-transport. The insulin-promoted increase of specific activity of intracellular inorganic phosphate and of increased32P labelling of ATP (and GTP) was to a great extent inhibited by ouabain. During incubation in media where sodium chloride had been iso-osmotically replaced by potassium chloride or choline chloride, the above mentioned effects by insulin were abolished. The results indicate that the increased labelling of ATP (and GTP) promoted by insulin can be primarily attributed to events occuring at the cell membrane. The increased specific activity of intracellular inorganic phosphate in the presence of insulin can be explained by increased uptake of32P inorganic phosphate from the medium. Apparently the increased32P labelling of ATP (and GTP) occur as a secondary consequence. It is suggested that this insulin effect is primarily concerned with an effect on membrane enzymes, particularly the Na+, K+, Mg2+ activated ATP-ase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01212001
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inability of galactose to mobilize insulin in galactokinase-deficient individuals (1969)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 5 (1969), S. 143-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; galactose ; galactokinase ; deficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Chez deux adultes souffrant d'une déficience en galactokinase la charge orale de galactose a été suivie d'une hypergalactosémie prolongée sans aucune élevation de l'insuline immunoréactive plasmatique.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Orale Belastung mit Galactose führte bei zwei Erwachsenen mit Galactokinasemangel zu einer prolongierten Hypergalactosämie, aber nicht zu einem Anstieg des immunoreaktiven Insulins im Plasma.
    Notes: Summary Oral galactose loading in two galactokinase-deficient adults produced the expected high and prolonged rise of galactose in peripheral blood, but no rise of circulating immunoreactive insulin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01213671
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopic observations in mice infected with Japanese encephalitis (1969)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 13 (1969), S. 169-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Japanese Encephalitis ; Experimental ; Electron Microscopy ; Virus Particles in Neurons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Groß- und Kleinhirnrinde, Plexus chorioideus und Rückenmark von Mäusen wurden nach intracerebraler Inoculation einer Hirnemulsion mit Virus der Encephalitis japonica (JEV) elektronenoptisch untersucht, um den Ort der JEV-Replikation zu bostimmen. 72 Std nach der Inoculation bei Beginn der encephalitischen Symptome enthielten 70 bis 80% aller Rindenneurone und Vorderhornzellen viele sphärische Partikel, die meist im zarten endoplasmatischen Reticulum (EPR) und vereinzelt im granulären EPR lokalisiert waren. Die Einzelpartikel zeigten eine gleichförmige Substruktur aus einem elektronendichten zentralen Hof von 25–30 mμ Durchmesser, einer äußeren, weniger elektronendichten Zone und einer äußersten Grenzmembran von 40 mμ Durchmesser. 96 Std nach der Inoculation zeigte das Cytoplasma der Rinden- und Vorderhornneurone sehr viele Vacuolen und Vesiceln. Partikel wurden weit verstreut in den Vacuolen und Vesiceln sowie erstmals im ERP der Sternzellen und Purkinjezellen angetroffen, allerdings in geringerer Zahl. Keine derartigen Partikel wurden in Kontrolltieren und normalen Mäusegruppen angetroffen. Sogenannte eosinophile intranucleäre Einschlüsse in Epithelzellen des Plexus chorioideus zeigten keine derartigen Partikel im Kern oder in den cytoplasmatischen Bläschen. Nachdem keine als JEV identifizierbaren Partikel in Glia- und Endothelzellen nachzuweisen waren, wird angenommen, daß das JEV echt neurotrop ist und sich im EPR der Nervenzellen repliziert.
    Notes: Summary Cerebral and cerebellar cortices, choroid plexus and spinal cord of mice, inoculated intracerebrally with a brain emulsion containing Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), were studied electronmicroscopically to determine the cell type and the site of JEV replication. 72 hours after inoculation, when the mice began to show encephalitic symptoms, 70 to 80% of all cortical neurons and anterior horn cells contained many spherical particles mostly located in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and a few in the granular endoplasmic reticulum. The individual particles demonstrated an uniform substructure consisting of an electron dense central core of 25–30 mμ diameter, an outer less electron dense zone and an outermost limiting membrane of 40 mμ diameter. 96 hours after inoculation, the cytoplasm of cortical neurons and anterior horn cells was observed to contain very many vacuoles and vesicles. Particles were found widely scattered throughout the vacuoles and vesicles, and were observed for the first time in the endoplasmic reticulum of the stellate neurons and in Purkinje cells, though fewer. No such particles were observed in control and normal mouse groups. So-called eosinophic intranuclear inclusions of epithelial cells of choroid plexus failed to show any particles in their nuclei or cytoplasmic vesicles. Considering that no particulate matter, identifiable as JEV, was identified within any of the glial cells or endothelium in this examination, it was concluded that JEV was really neurotropic and replicates in the endoplasmic reticulum of the neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687029
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  • 10
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    Electronic Resource
    Granulomatous encephalitis in Whipple's disease (1969)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 13 (1969), S. 1-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Whipple's Disease ; Granulomatous Encephalitis ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Von 21 Fällen von Whipplescher Krankheit in der Sammlung des Armed Forces Institute of Pathology zeigten 4 Fälle neurologische Symptome mit besonders ausgeprägten Hirnläsionen. Lichtmikroskopisch bestanden die Herde aus knötchenförmigen Anhäufungen von Makrophagen, deren Cytoplasma mit Hämatoxylin-Eosin eine charakteristische schwachblaue und nach Durchführung der Perjodsäure-Schiff-Reaktion eine stark rote Färbung zeigte. Elektronenmikroskopisch fanden sich in den Hirnläsionen Bacillen, die morphologisch den im Darm beschriebenen glichen und die auch dieselben Degenerationserscheinungen aufwiesen. Die Perjodsäure-Schiff-Reaktion färbt Kapselmaterial und Zellwände,die auch nach Untergang der Bacillen noch nachweisbar sind. Diese Beobachtungen werden als weiterer Beweis für die infektiöse Ätiologie der Whippleschen Krankheit angeführt.
    Notes: Summary Among the 21 autopsied cases of Whipple's disease on file at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, 4 had neurological symptoms and prominent involvement of the central nervous system, By light microscopy the lesions were composed of nodular aggregates of macrophages having cytoplasm that stained a distinctive pale blue with hematoxylin-eosin and bright red with the periodic acid-Schiff technique. By electron microscopy the cerebral lesions revealed bacilli morphologically identical to and undergoing the same sequence of degenerative changes as those observed in the intestine. The periodic acid-Schiff reaction stains the walls and the capsular material that persists even after intact organisms disappear. These observations further support the infectious nature of Whipple's disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00686137
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural and histochemical studies of cortical biopsies in subacute dementia (1969)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 13 (1969), S. 43-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Subacute Dementia ; Jakob-Creutzfeldt Disease ; Brain Biopsy ; Histochemistry ; Electron Microscopy ; Basement Membrane ; Astroglia Dilatation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die elektronenoptische und histochemische Untersuchung von Biopsiematerial bei zwei Fällen subakuter Demenz ergab Neurone mit reichlich Lipofuscin-Depots sowie erhöhter saurer Phosphatase-Aktivität. Obwohl diese Veränderungen eine Nervenzellerkrankung anzeigen dürften, werden sie wegen ihrer Ähnlichkeit sowie wegen des Vorliegens anderer, spezifischerer Zellveränderungen als Sekundärphänomene gedeutet. Im ersten Fall wird als primäre Läsion eine Verdickung der Basalmembran der Gefäße, im zweiten Fall eine Astrogliaschwellung angenommen. Da diese Strukturen wichtige Transportfunktionen haben dürften, könnten diese Anomalien leicht die neuronale Versorgung stören und dadurch die neuronalen Läsionen verursachen. Die Bedeutung des Glykogens in diesen Strukturen wird diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary The electron microscopic and histochemical findings in biopsies of two cases of subacute dementia have revealed neurons containing numerous lipofuscin bodies and increased acid phosphatase. Although these changes are considered to indicate neuron disease, they are believed to represent a secondary process because of their similarity and because other more distinctive cell alterations are present. In the first case, the primary abnormality is believed to be thickening of the vascular basement membrane, while in the second case, astroglial dilatation is considered a primary change. Since these structures appear to have important transport functions, these abnormalities could easily impair the nutrient supply to neurons and, in this way, produce the neuronal alteration. The significance of glycogen in these tissues is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00686140
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural study of a nerve biopsy from a case of early infantile chronic neuropathy (1969)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 13 (1969), S. 131-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Neuropathy, Chronical ; Hypertrophic Neuritis ; Schwann-Cell ; Onion Bulb ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die wesentlichen Veränderungen bei dem mitgeteilten Fall von chronischer frühinfantiler Neuropathie bestehen in einer Modifikation der Schwann-Zellen, die zur Bildung eines konzentrischen Netzwerkes von Lamellen führt. Dieses wird durch eine doppelkonturierte Hülle der Basalmembran um zahlreiche große bemarkte und unbemarkte Fasern gebildet. Die Anomalien der Markscheiden sowie die Häufigkeit von Desmosomen sind bemerkenswert. Diese Besonderheiten unterscheiden diesen Fall von anderen, bisher beschriebenen chronischen Neuropathien. Trotzdem erscheint es derzeit nicht möglich, eine Aussage über die Spezifität der ultrastrukturellen Befunde am untersuchten Nerven zu treffen.
    Notes: Summary The principal lesion in this case of chronic early infantile neuropathy is a modification of the Schwann cell resulting in the formation of a concentric network of lamellae formed by a double-layered sheet of basement membrane around numerous, large myelinated and unmyelinated fibers. The abnormalities in the myelin sheaths and the frequency of desmosomes are noteworthy. These peculiarities distinguish this case from other chronic neuropathies described up to now. Nevertheless, it is impossible to say at present whether the ultrastructural aspect of the nerve studied here is in any way specific.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687025
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  • 13
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    Electronic Resource
    Structural changes of the central nervous system in swayback (enzootic Ataxia) of lambs (1969)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 12 (1969), S. 307-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Swayback of Lambs ; Electron Microscopy ; Corpus Callosum ; Myelogenesis ; Axonal Changes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchung des Corpus callosum normaler Lämmer und von solchen mit „Swayback” (enzootische Ataxia) ergab den morphologischen Nachweis normaler Myelinentwicklung in beiden Tiergruppen. Von zwei Zellfortsätzen umgebene Axone wurden häufig beobachtet. Reaktive Veränderungen wurden in Axonen der „Swayback”-Lämmer gefunden. Die Bedeutung dieser Befunde wird besprochen.
    Notes: Summary An electron microscopic study of the corpus callosum of normal and swayback lambs has revealed morphological evidence of normal myelinogenesis in both groups of animals. Axons wrapped by two cell processes were frequently encountered. Reactive changes were found in axons in the swayback lambs. The significance of these findings is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00809127
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  • 14
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    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopic study of metachromatic leucodystrophy (1969)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 13 (1969), S. 149-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Electron Microscopy ; Leucodystrophy, Metachromatic ; Enzyme Histochemistry, Electronmicroscopical ; Lysosomes ; Neurochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Dans la leucodystrophie métachromatique, les lipides anormaux s'accumulent dans les lysosomes des cellules gliales et des phagocytes. Les inclusions lipidiques les moins organisées sont les plus riches en phosphatases acides. Celles dont l'ultrastructure est prismatique ont une activité enzymatique très faible et semblent plus proches de corps résiduels que de lysosomes actifs. Il semble que l'absence d'arylsulfatase lysosomiale induise la persistance des sulfatides accumulés dans les lysosomes alors que les autres lipides provenant de la dégénérescence myélinique, seraient normalement catabolisés. Un remaniement progressif de l'ultrastructure du contenu des lysosomes en est la conséquence.
    Notes: Summary In metachromatic leucodystrophy abnormal lipids are stored within the lysosomes of the glial cells and phagocytes. The lipid inclusions which are the less structured are the richest in acid phosphatases. Those of which the ultrastructure is prismatic show a very low enzymatic activity and are more similar to residual bodies than to active lysosomes. It appears that the lack in lysosomal arylsulfatase leads to an accumulation of the sulfatide moiety of the stored lipids while the other lipids originating from the myelin breakdown, would be normally catabolized. This leads to a progressive transformation of the ultrastructure of the lysosome contents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687027
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  • 15
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    Electronic Resource
    Electron histochemical demonstration of gangliosides in normal and Tay-Sachs brain tissue (1969)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 13 (1969), S. 157-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Gangliosides ; Tay-Sachs Disease ; Brain Subcellular Localization ; Hale Stain ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Reaktion von kolloidalem Eisen mit Sialomucinen (Hale stain) wurde zur elektronenmikroskopischen Darstellung der neuraminsäurehaltigen Ganglioside in den subcellulären Fraktionen des Gehirns angewandt. Zunächst wurde mit Hilfe tritiummarkierter Ganglioside überprüft, ob bei der Gewinnung subzellulärer Fraktionen Ganglioside nicht unspezifisch subcellulär adsorbiert werden. Eine nennenswerte Adsorption konnte ausgeschlossen werden. Das Verfahren wurde zuerst auf die aus Meerschweinchengehirnen isolierten Fraktionen angewandt. Da Nervenendigungen, Mitochondrien und Synapsenbläschen Hale-positiv reagierten, dienten Enzyminkubationen mit Neuraminidase und Hyaluronidase zur Differenzierung von anderen Hale-positiven sauren Substanzen. Schließlich wurde die Methode auf die cytoplasmatischen multilamellären Körperchen (MCB) übertragen, die aus Gehirnen an Tay-Sachs'scher Krankheit Verstorbener isoliert wurden. Aus den Versuchen konnte abgeleitet werden, a) daß die Hale-Färbung auch Ganglioside anfärbt, b) daß Ganglioside auf der Oberfläche der Membran von den multilamellären Körperchen und mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit auch auf der Membran der Nervenendigungen lokalisiert sind, c) daß die Synapsenbläschen eine positive Reaktion ergeben, die jedoch nicht mit Sicherheit auf vorhandene Ganglioside zurückgeführt werden kann, d) daß die äußere Mitochondrienmembran Hale-positive Substanzen enthält, deren Natur unbekannt ist.
    Notes: Summary The reaction of colloidal ferric oxide with sialomucins (Hale stain) was applied to sialic acid-containing gangliosides in subcellular fractions of the brain, in order to investigate their localization by electron microscopy. Prior to all experiments, a check was made, by means of tritium-labeled ganglioside, to confirm that the ganglioside content in the subcellular particles was not the result of an unspecific adsorption during the isolating procedure. No considerable unspecific adsorption could be registered. Hale stain was first applied to subcellular fractions obtained from guinea-pig brains. Since nerve-endings, mitochondria and synaptic vesicles gave a positive staining reaction, incubations with neuraminidase and hyaluronidase were carried out in order to achieve a differentiation. Finally, the method was applied to the membranous cytoplasmic bodies (MCB) which were isolated from the brain of a patient with Tay-Sachs disease. It was concluded that: a) Hale stain stains gangliosides also, b) gangliosides are localized in the membrane of membranous cytoplasmic bodies and also very probably in the membrane of nerve-endings, c) synaptic vesicles give a Hale-positive reaction which cannot with certainty be attributed to gangliosides, d) the outer membrane of mitochondria contains Hale-positive substances, the nature of which is not known.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687028
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  • 16
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    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscope study of the rat brain with experimental sodium azide intoxication (1969)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 14 (1969), S. 185-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Hypoxia ; Sodium Azide ; Electron Microscopy ; Ferritin ; Capillary Permeability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Experimentelle histotoxische Hypoxämie wurde in Ratten durch Natriumacid-Vergiftung erzeugt. Die mikroskopische Untersuchung der Hirne ergab keine Veränderung, aber bei der elektronenmikroskopischen Untersuchung fanden sich als Frühveränderungen in der Hirnrinde und im Subcortex eine Erweiterung der intercellulären Räume und eine Anschwellung der pericapillären Astrocytenfortsätze. Ferritinalbumin-Mischung, die als Indicator des Eiweißtransportes benutzt wurde, zeigte keine Vermehrung der Capillarpermeabilität. Es wird vermutet, daß Natriumacid den Wasserstoffwechsel beeinträchtigt, wobei es eine osmotische Ausgleichstörung im Gehirn erzeugt.
    Notes: Summary Histotoxic hypoxia was experimentally produced in the rat brain by sodium azide intoxication. In spite of the absence of light microscopic alterations, electron micrographs showed the early changes in the cerebral cortex and subcortex which consisted of widening of the intercellular space and swelling of the pericapillary astrocytic end-feet. However, ferritin-albumin mixture, used for the tracer of protein transport, did not show any increase in the capillary permeability. Sodium azide was considered to disturb the water metabolism, producing osmotic unbalance in the brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00685298
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  • 17
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    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopic studies concerning the structural mechanism of the development of mental disturbance in experimental chronic methamphetamine poisoning (1969)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 14 (1969), S. 215-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Methamphetamine Poisoning (Artificial Psychosis) ; Synapses ; Nerve Conduction and Transmission ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Amphetaminchlorid in Mengen von 1 mg pro kg pro Tag wurde 8 männlichen Meerschweinchen ungefähr 1 Jahr lang täglich injiziert, um eine chronische Amphetaminvergiftung zu erzeugen. Bei jedem vergifteten Tier wurde die Feinstruktur des Gehirns elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Die Befunde waren folgende: 1. Verschmelzung der Membranen zwischen Axonen in den Nervenendigungen sowie zwischen Axonen und Dendriten wurden in der Großhirnrinde, im limbischen System, im Thalamus und Hypothalmus beobachtet; ferner wurde eine sich vom Cytoplasma bis zur Nervenendigung erstreckende Membranstruktur in diesen Hirnbereichen festgestellt. 2. Im Frontal-, Parietal-, Temporal- und Occipitalhirn sowie im limbischen System fanden sich vermehrt membranbegrenzte Vesikel im Cytoplasma der Nervenzellen und verdicktes und vermehrtes ER in den Nervenfasern. In Anbetracht klinischer Symptome der Patienten mit Amphetaminvergiftung wurde angenommen, daß die Verschmelzung von Membranen zwischen Nervenfortsätzen und das Auftreten der Membranstrukturen in allen Teilen des Nervenzellcytoplasmas vom Perikaryon bis zur Nervenendigung die wichtigsten Befunde sind, die darauf hindeuten, daß die Vergiftungsvorgänge einen wesentlichen Einfluß auf das Leitungssystem der Nerven ausüben können.
    Notes: Summary In 8 male albino strain guinea pigs, 1 mg/kg of methamphetamine HCl was injected daily for 7 months to 1 year to produce chronic methamphetamine intoxication and to study the fine structure of the brain electron microscopically. The following results were obtained: 1. Coalescence of membranes, between axons at the nerve endings and between axons and dendrites, was found in the cortex of the cerebrum and limbic system, in the thalamus and hypothalamus. Membranous structures were found in all portions of the cytoplasm of the nerve cells. 2. Within the cytoplasm of the nerve cell, coated vesicles were increased in number with hypertrophy and increase of endoplasmic reticulum within nerve fibres in the frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital regions, and in the limbic system. In view of these findings, as well as the clinical neurological symptoms in patients with methamphetamine poisoning, the coalescence of membranes between nerve processes and the appearance of membranous structures in all portions of nerve cell cytoplasm from body to nerve endings appear to represent the most important findings, they probably produce a profound disturbance in the system of nerve conduction and transmission.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00685301
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bildung von markscheidenähnlichen Spiralstrukturen durch lamelläre Astrocytenausläufer innerhalb subpialer und perivasculärer Gliosen des Säugetiergehirns (1969)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 12 (1969), S. 98-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Marginal Siderosis ; Electron Microscopy ; Myelin-Sheath-Like Structures ; Plaques Fibromyéliniques ; Gliosis, Perivascular, Subpial
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei Kaninchen mit einer experimentell erzeugten Randzonensiderose des Zentralnervensystems konnten elektronenmikroskopisch in der Großhirnrinde eigentümliche Spiralstrukturen beobachtet werden. Diese Spiralen fanden sich vornehmlich im Bereich von subpialen und perivasculären Gliosen vor. Sie bestanden aus äußerst dünnen lamellären Astrocytenausläufern, welche um andere astrocytäre Zellfortsätze oder um Dendriten aufgewickelt waren. Die spiralisierten Astrocytenausläufer wiesen in ihrem Inneren feine Filamente mit einer ziemlich regelmäßigen Anordnung auf. In radiärer Richtung ließen die astrocytären Lamellenspiralen eine periodische Schichtung erkennen, welche etwas an die von echten Markscheiden erinnerte. Es wird in Betracht gezogen, daß sie das submikroskopische Äquivalent der sog. Plaques fibromyéliniques darstellen.
    Notes: Summary Peculiar spiral structures could be observed by electron microscopy in the cerebral cortex of rabbits with an experimentally produced marginal siderosis of the central nervous system. These spirals were found predominantly within areas of subpial and perivascular gliosis. They consisted of extremely thin lamellar astrocyte extensions winding around other astroglial processes or dendrites. The spirally coiled astrocyte extensions exhibited within their interior fine filaments having a rather regular arrangement. In the radial direction, the astrocytic lamellae spirals showed a periodic stratification somewhat resembling that of true myelin-sheaths. They were considered to represent the submicroscopic equivalent of the socalled plaques fibromyéliniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00685315
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  • 19
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    Electronic Resource
    Changes at the nodes of ranvier during wallerian degeneration: an electron microscope study (1969)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 14 (1969), S. 237-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Electron Microscopy ; Wallerian Degeneration ; Nodal Changes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird über ultrastrukturelle Veränderungen in den Ranvierschen Knoten des N.suralis der Ratte im Laufe der Wallerschen Degeneration berichtet. Die Untersuchungen erfolgten 12 und 120 Std nach einer örtlichen Quetschungsverletzung. Die ersten bemerkbaren Veränderungen finden sich im Axon. Nodale und paranodale Anhäufungen von Mitochondrien, multivesikulären und lamellären Körpern, wie auch kleinen blasen- und röhrenartigen Bildungen sind teilweise in den Knoten sichtbar und am deutlichsten nach 24–36 Std erkennbar. Gleichzeitig erfolgt eine Aufsplitterung der Neurofilamente und Neurotubuli, die ihre Liniengestaltung verlieren und sich zusammenballen. Die Zone der erhöhten Dichte gerade unterhalb des nodalen Axolemmas bleibt erhalten. Veränderungen im Myelin beginnen etwas später und bestehen in einem vesikulären Verfall der Endomyelinlamellen und einer Trennung der Endomyelinschlaufen vom Axolemma durch Schwannzellenfortsätze. Dieser Vorgang schien mit einem Zurückziehen des Myelins vom Knoten im Zusammenhang zu stehen. Schwannzellenfortsätze erstrecken sich auch so weit, daß sie das nodale Axon bedecken, wobei sie die nodalen Schwannzellenfortsätze vom Axolemma trennen. Das Endstadium ist die Unterbrechung des nodalen Axons und die Verschmelzung der Myelinenden als Teil der Ovoidbildung.
    Notes: Summary Observations are reported on the ultrastructural alterations at the nodes of Ranvier in the rat sural nerve during the course of Wallerian degeneration. These were examined between 12 and 120 hours after a localized crush injury. The earliest detectable changes are in the axon. Nodal and paranodal accumulations of mitochondria, multivesicular bodies, lamellar bodies and small vesicular and tubular profiles are seen at a proportion of the nodes and are most evident at 24–36 hours. Concomitantly with this, the neurofilaments and neurotubulus fragment, lose their alignment and clump together. The zone of increased density just beneath the nodal axolemma is preserved. Changes in the myelin begin slightly later and consist of vesicular breakdown of the terminal myelin lamellae, and separation of the terminal myelin loops from the axolemma by Schwann cell processes. The latter event appeared to be associated with retraction of the myelin from the node. Schwann cell processes also extend to cover the nodal axon, separating the Schwann cell nodal processes from the axolemma. The final stage is the interruption of the nodal axon and the fusion of the ends of the myelin as part of ovoid formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00685303
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  • 20
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    Electronic Resource
    Intranucleäre stabförmige Gebilde bei einem Oligodendrogliom (1969)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 13 (1969), S. 289-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Oligodendroglioma ; Nuclear Inclusions ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird die Ultrastruktur von intranucleären stabförmigen Gebilden bei einem Oligodendrogliom beschrieben.
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructure of intranuclear rodlets in an oligodendroglioma is described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690649
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  • 21
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    Electronic Resource
    Familial spongy degeneration of the central nervous system (Van Bogaert-Bertrand disease) (1969)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 12 (1969), S. 103-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Spongy Degeneration of the CNS ; Van Bogaert-Bertrand-Disease ; Electron Microscopy ; Astrocytic Mitochondria ; Abnormal Cerebral Edema
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird über licht- und elektronenoptische Untersuchungen an Muskel-und Hirnbiopsien eines Falles von spongiöser Degeneration des ZNS berichtet. Die in der grauen und weißen Hirnsubstanz enthaltenen Vacuolen entsprechen a) Spalten in den Markscheiden infolge Aufsplitterung an der intraperiodischen Linie und b) geschwollenen Astrocytenperikaryen und-fortsätzen. Ungewöhnliche Mitochondrien mit Gehalt an kristallinem Material fanden sich nur in Astrocyten. Die ultrastrukturellen Befunde entsprechen denen des Hirnödems. Es wird angenommen, daß die Astroglia eine primäre Rolle in der Flüssigkeitsansammlung spielt, während die Markscheidenschwellung als eine Sekundärläsion aufgefaßt wird. Die mögliche Bedeutung abnormer Astrocyten-Mitochondrien wird diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary Light and electron microscopy study of skeletal muscle and cerebral biopsies from a case of spongy degeneration of central nervous system is reported. The multiple vacuoles present in cerebral gray and white matter correspond to (a) clefts within myelin sheaths resulting from splitting at the intraperiod line and (b) swollen astrocytic perikarya and processes. Unusual mitochondria containing crystalline-like material were observed only in astrocytes. The ultrastructural findings are consistent with cerebral edema. It is suggested that the astrocytes play a primary role in the fluid accumulation while the myelin swelling is a secondary lesion. The possible role of the abnormal astrocytic mitochondria is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Electronic Resource
    Abnormal sarcolemmal nuclei encountered in several cases of dystrophia myotonica (1969)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 12 (1969), S. 183-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Dystrophia myotonica ; Electron Microscopy ; Sarcolemmal Nuclei ; Myofibrillar Material
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In fünf Fällen von Dystrophia myotonica zeigte die elektronenoptische Untersuchung von bioptisch entnommenem Material zentrale und subsarkolemmale Kerne, die komplexe vacuoläre Areale um myofibrilläres Material enthalten. Diese bisher nicht beobachtete Veränderung könnte durch Verlagerung von myofibrillärem Material in den Kern während seiner Wanderung in das Faserzentrum durch Invagination, aber nicht Durchbrechung der Kernmembran bedingt sein.
    Notes: Summary In five cases of dystrophia myotonica electron microscope preparations of muscle taken at biopsy showed both centrally placed and subsarcolemmal nuclei containing complex vacuolar areas enclosing myofibrillar material. It is suggested that this appearence, which has not been seen in any other condition, may be due to the forcing of myofibrillar material into the nucleus during its migration to the centre of the fibre invaginating but not breaching its membrane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692505
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  • 23
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    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopic studies on the cerebral lesions of rats in experimental carbon monoxide poisoning (1969)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 14 (1969), S. 118-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ; Electron Microscopy ; Myelin Disintegration ; Cerebral Anoxia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Nach experimenteller CO-Vergiftung fanden sich schwerere und ausgedehntere Läsionen in der weißen als in der grauen Hirnsubstanz. Zwischen akuter und chronischer CO-Vergiftung ergaben sich keine wesentlichen qualitativen Unterschiede der Hirnveränderungen. Die Läsionen nach chronischer Intoxikation waren jedoch schwerer als nach akuter Vergiftung. Die Nervenzellen zeigten leicht dilatiertes oder fragmentiertes EPR und Golgi-Komplexe, doch boten die Mitochondrien meist keine pathologischen Veränderungen. Bei chronischen Fällen fand sich gelegentlich eine deutliche Schwellung des EPR von Oligodendrogliazellen. Die Capillaren blieben intakt und die perivasalen Astrogliaendfüßchen waren nicht geschwollen. Im Mark kam es zu teilweisem Ausfall der normalen Markscheidenbestandteile. Die Marklamellen zeigten mäßige Exfoliation sowie eine Umwandlung in homogene oder strukturlose Substanz. Bemarkte Axone waren teilweise kontrahiert und zeigten auf Querschnitten unregelmäßige Form. Gelegentlich fand sich eine Vergrößerung der axonalen Mitochondrien und Zerstörung ihrer inneren Parallelstrukturen. Als Hauptfaktoren in der Pathogenese der Hirnveränderungen nach experimenteller CO_Vergiftung werden zerebrale Anoxie infolge CO-Hämoglobinbildung, cytotoxische Wirkung von CO auf das Hirngewebe und eine Störung der Blutzirkulation angenommen.
    Notes: Summary In experimental carbon monoxide poisoning, more marked and widespread pathological changes in the brain were seen in the white matter as compared with the gray matter. No essential difference, in the appearance of cerebral alterations, was detected between acute and chronic carbon monoxide poisoning. It was confirmed that the changes resulting from chronic poisoning showed a higher degree of severity as compared with those resulting from acute poisoning. Nerve cells with slightly dilated or fragmented endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex in the gray matter were found infrequently. However, most mitochondria did not show any kind of abnormality in such cells. A remarkable dilatation of the endoplasmic reticulum of oligodendrocytes was sometimes seen in chronic cases. Capillaries remained intact and astrocytic perivascular foot-plates were not swollen. In the white matter, the normal constituents of the myelin sheath were partially lost and the myelin lamellae showed moderate exfoliation, or a change into homogenous or structureless substance. Myelinated axons were partially contracted and showed an irregularity in shape in transverse sections. Enlargement of occasional axonal mitochondria and the destruction of their internal parallel structures were observed. Cerebral anoxia caused by carboxyhaemoglobin, together with the cytotoxic action of carbon monoxide on the brain tissue and the disturbance of blood circulation in the brain are suggested as the chief factors in the pathogenesis of the cerebral alterations induced by experimental carbon monoxide poisoning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00686348
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  • 24
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    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopic alterations in the vicinity of epileptogenic cobalt-gelatine necrosis in the cerebral cortex of the rat (1969)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 14 (1969), S. 201-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Electron Microscopy ; Epilepsy, Experimental ; Focus ; Cobalt Gelatine ; Plasmatic Infiltration ; Brain Edema
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 25 erwachsenen Ratten wurde ein epileptogener Kobaltgelatineherd in einer Standardregion der Hirnrinde erzeugt. Die Tiere wurden am 1., 3., 5., 8., 14. 21. und 28. Tag nach der Operation getötet. Das Gebiet des epileptogenen Herdes wurde elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Die frühesten Veränderungen bestanden in ödem. Später traten Veränderungen der Astrocytenfortsätze auf, die sich an die Basalmembranen der Capillaren anlegten; die Intercellularräume erweiterten sich, füllten sich mit elektronenoptisch dichten Massen und entwickelten ein “plasmatisches Infiltrat”. Allmählich breitete sich dieses Exsudat weiter um die Capillaren aus; es trat an Orten auf, wo die Astrocytenfortsätze und die Dendriten schwer geschädigt waren und erfüllte die weiteren Intercellularräume des Neuropils. Die Nervenzellen zeigten eine auffallende Widerstandsfähigkeit gegenüber diesem pathologischen Prozeß. Manchmal waren sie umschlossen von Exsudatmassen und zum Teil oder ganz der zarten neuralen und Astrocytenfortsätze beraubt, von denen sie normalerweise umgeben sind. Unsere Befunde werden als das ultrastrukturelle Korrelat der Schols'schen “plasmatischen Infiltration” interpretiert.
    Notes: Summary In 25 adult rats an epileptogenic cobalt-gelatine focus was produced in a standard region of the cerebral cortex. The animals were killed successively on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 8th, 14th, 21st and 28th day after operation and the region of the epileptogenic focus was examined electron microscopically. The earliest changes were those of oedema. Later there occurred disturbances of the astrocytic processes which cling to the basement membranes of the capillaries; the intercellular spaces widened and filled with rather E. M. dense masses and a “plasmatic infiltrate” developed. Gradually this exudative substance spread even further from the capillaries. It appeared in places where the astrocytic processes were severely demaged and the dendrites were partly dissipated and it filled out the wide intercellular spaces of the neuropil. The nerve cells showed a striking resistance toward this pathological process. Sometimes they floated in the exudative masses but were partly or totally deprived of the fine neural and astrocytic processes which normally surround them. Our findings are interpreted as the ultrastructural correlate of Scholz's “plasmatic infiltration”.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00685300
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  • 25
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    Electronic Resource
    Étude d'une nouvelle observation de «Nemaline Myopathy» (1969)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 13 (1969), S. 250-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Electron Microscopy ; Congenital Myopathy ; Nemaline Myopathy ; Z-band Structure ; Sarcoplasmic Masses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'étude ultrastructurale d'une observation de «Nemaline-Myopathy» a été centrée sur les rapports structurels entre bâtonnets et stries Z normales dans différentes conditions de fixation. L'aspect des stries Z, en section transversale, varie en effet avec la fixation: réseau de ponts «obliques» (par rapport à l'alignement quadratique régulier des terminaisons des filaments fins) après fixation osmiée, réseau de ponts «transversaux», isolé ou superposé au premier réseau, après fixation aldéhydique initiale. L'aspect des bâtonnets en section transversale varie également avec la fixation; la disposition quadratique des filaments constitutifs des bâtonnets est visible après l'une et l'autre fixation, mais un réseau quadratique régulier, de 75 Å de côté, n'est clairement apparent qu'après fixation aldéhydique. Le point important est que ce dernier aspect diffère complètement du réseau «oblique» des stries Z normales, et peut être rapproché au contraire du réseau «transversal» de la strie Z obtenu après fixation aldéhydique; l'hypothèse est ainsi soulevée de la constitution des ponts dans les bâtonnets aux dépens d'un seul des deux constituants morphologiques de la strie Z. La topographie des bâtonnets a été également étudiée: tantôt périphérique, au sein de masses sarcoplasmiques latérales, tantôt centrale, au sein de petits foyers de désintégration myofibrillaire. La structure des plaques motrices visibles dans les préparations était normale. La spécificité de la lésion élémentaire et l'autonomie de ce type de myopathie sont ensuite discutées.
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural study of an observation of “Nemaline Myopathy” has been focused on structural relationships between rods and normal Z-bands in different conditions of fixation. The Z-band structure studied in transversal section, varies with the fixation: network of “oblique” (relative to the regular quadratic pattern of the thin filament endings) bridges after osmic fixation; network of “transversal” bridges, alone or associated to the first network, after aldehydic fixation. The rod structure, in transversal section, is also varying with the fixation: a quadratic disposal of the filamentary content is visible after both fixations, but a regular quadratic network, 75–85 Å side, is clearly appearent only after aldehydic fixation. This last network differs from the “oblique” network of the normal Z-band; it can be compared to the “transversal” one obtained in the Z-band after aldehydic fixation. The hypothesis that bridges in the rods are formed only by one of the two normal morphological components of the Z-band, is raised. Topography of the rods in muscle fibers has been studied: either in peripheral sarcoplasmic masses, or in small central-located foci of myofibrillar disintegration. The end-plates structure was normal. Specificity of the elementary lesion, and autonomy of that type of myopathy is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690645
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  • 26
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    Electronic Resource
    Sodium demonstration in rat cerebrum following perfusion with hydroxyadipaldehyde-antimonate (1969)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 12 (1969), S. 173-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Sodium Deposits ; Electron Microscopy ; Perfusion with Hydroxyadipaldehyde-Antimonate ; Extracellular Space
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine Modifikation der Methode zur ultrastrukturellen Darstellung von Natrium wird beschrieben, die eine Perfusion mit leicht alkalischer Mischung von Hydroxydipaldehyd, Phosphatpuffer und Kalium-Pyro-Antimonat verwendet. Im normalen Gehirn werden keine Natrium-Deposite angetroffen. Das spricht dafür, daß im Gehirn keine intraoder extracelluläre Konzentration über 150 mM vorliegt. Bei Vorliegen hoher NaCl-Konzentration sieht man ein großes, dichtes Präcipitat, das nach direkter Injektion in den extracellulären Räumen, Neuronen und Astrocyten lokalisiert werden kann. Im Mark der vergifteten Ratten findet sich ähnlich wie nach direkter Natrium-Injektion ein diskretes, gleichfalls als Natrium aufgefaßtes Präcipitat an der Oberfläche von Oligodendrogliazellen, aber nicht innerhalb dieser Zellen. Ein elektronendichtes Deposit unklarer Herkunft findet sich in den Myelinspalten, die nach akuter TET-Vergiftung auftreten. Der Wechsel in Charakter und Lokalisation dieser elektronendichten Partikel mahnt zur Vorsicht in ihrer Interpretation bei histochemischen Untersuchungsmethoden.
    Notes: Summary A modification of the technique for the ultrastructural demonstration of sodium is described which involves a perfusion with a slightly alkaline mixture of hydroxyadipaldehyde, phosphate buffer and potassium pyroantimonate. No sodium deposits are found in normal brain indicating that no intra or extracellular concentration exceeding 150 mM is present in the brain. In the presence of high concentration of NaCl, a large dense precipitate can be seen which after a direct injection can be localized to extracellular spaces, neurons and astrocytes. In the white matter of tin poisoned rats, as well as after the direct injection of sodium, a discrete precipitate, also believed to represent sodium, is noted at the surface of oligodendrocytes but not within these cells. An electron dense deposit of dubious origin is present in the myelin clefts which occur as a result of acute triethyltin intoxication. The variations in the character and localization of these electron dense particles emphasize the caution which is required in their interpretation following histochemical procedures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692504
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  • 27
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    Electronic Resource
    Züchtung und Vermehrung von Herpes simplex-Virus in Zellkulturen vom Nervensystem (1969)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 12 (1969), S. 276-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Herpes simplex Virus ; CNS Tissue Culture ; Multiplication in vitro ; Cytopathic Alterations ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die häufig diskutierte, (Mit)beteiligung von Herpes simplex-Virus (HSV) bei bestimmten Alterationen im ZNS sowie der hohe Neutropismus des HSV führte zur Frage, inwieweit sich HSV auch in in vitro gezüchteten, spezifischen Zellen vom Nerven-system vermehren und züchten läßt, und ob sich hierbei licht-und elektronenmikroskopisch charakteristische Alterationen nachweisen lassen. Es zeigte sich, daß sich das HSV in allen verschiedenen angezüchteten spezifischen Zellen (von Plexus chorioideus des Rhesusaffen, Kaninchenspinalganglien, menschlichen Oligodendrogliomen, Meningeomen sowie fibrillären und protoplasmatischen Astrocytomen) kultivieren und vermehren läßt. Hierbei kommt es in den spezifischen Zellen nicht nur lichtmikroskopisch zu charakteristischen cytopathischen Veränderungen, sondern auch biologisch zu einer signifikanten Vermehrung des Virus in diesen Zellen. Auch elektronenmikroskopisch lassen sich viele der charakteristischen Bildungs-, Reifungs- und Ausschleusungsstadien des Virus in den Kernen und im Cytoplasma der Zellen beobachten. Die Besonderheiten der elektronenmikroskopisch erhobenen ultrastrukturellen Befunde werden ausführlich beschrieben, und die sich daraus abzuleitenden Möglichkeiten werden im Hinblick auf die biologischen Eigenheiten des HSV bei in vivo-Infektionen, aber auch im Hinblick auf die Deutung lichtmikroskopisch histochemischer und immunhistologischer Befunde nach in vivo-Infektionen mit diesem Virus ausführlich diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary The participation of herpes simplex virus (HSV) in certain alterations of the CNS has been partially questioned and frequently discussed. Therefore, the question arose whether HSV can also be cultivated and multiplied in vitro in CNS specific cells, and if so, whether characteristic alterations and structures can be observed by means of light and electron-microscopic examinations. Our data demonstrate that HSV multiplies in all different specific cells originating from plexus chorioideus of rhesus monkeys, from spinal ganglia of rabbit, from human oligodendroglioma, meningeoma as well as from fibrillar and protoplasmatic astrocytoma. Characteristic cytopathic alterations of these specific cells and significant multiplication of the virus in these cells are to be found. Many of the characteristic forms of formation, maturation and release of HSV can be seen by electronmicroscopic examinations. The particular ultrastructural data observed by electron microscopy are described in detail and the resulting possibilities are broadly discussed not only with regard to the biologic particularity of HSV in in vivo infection but also in view of the interpretations, deriving from histochemical and immunohistological data obtained by light microscopy after in vivo infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687650
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  • 28
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    Electronic Resource
    An electron microscopic study of meningiomas (1969)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 13 (1969), S. 301-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Meningiomas ; Electron Microscopy ; Endotheliomatous, Fibromatous Type ; Light Cells ; Dark Cells ; Histogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 17 chirurgisch entfernte Meningiome vom endotheliomatösen und 5 vom fibromatösen Typ wurden elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Unterschiede im Entwicklungsgrad der cytoplasmatischen Fortsätze und der Beziehungen zwischen den Plasmamembranen der Tumorzellen wurden in den endotheliomatösen Meningeomen beobachtet. In 4 fibromatösen Tumoren sind die zelligen Areale von bindegewebigen Räumen umgeben. Auch wenn die meisten Tumorzellen helle Zellen sind und sich nicht wesentlich von den Tumorzellen der endotheliomatösen Meningiome unterscheiden, ist die histologische Anordnung der fibromatösen klar von derjenigen der endotheliomatösen Meningeome zu trennen. Ausschlaggebend dafür ist die starke Entwicklung des Bindegewebes. Die Dunkelzellen lassen sich in zwei Typen gliedern: Typ I wird in vier Tumoren mit stark ausgebildetem Bindegewebe angetroffen. Die Analyse der inneren Zellstruktur sowie das Vorliegen von Übergängen zwischen hellen und dunklen Zellen machen es wahrscheinlich, daß diese nur verschiedene Typen einer einzigen Ursprungszelle darstellen. Die Bedeutung dieser verschiedenen Erscheinungsformen der Meningiomzellen wird diskutiert. Die Ultrastruktur der Tumorzellen ähnelt derjenigen der normalen arachnoidalen Zellen. Rückschlüsse auf die blastodermale Herkunft der normalen und tumoralen meninigalen Zellen auf Grund ihrer ultrastrukturellen Merkmale erscheinen verfrüht.
    Notes: Summary Seventeen surgically removed meningiomas of the endotheliomatous and five of the fibromatous type were investigated with an electron microscope. Differences of the development of cytoplasmic processes and the relations between plasma membranes of blastomatous cells were observed in endotheliomatous meningiomas. In four of the fibromatous tumors the cell groups were surrounded by spaces of connective tissue. Although most of the tumor cells were light cells and are not essentially different from the tumor cells of the endotheliomatous meningiomas, the histological structure of fibromatous meningiomas is clearly distinguished from the endotheliomatous type, because of the greater amount of connective tissue. The dark cells may be divided into two types: the first was found in those four tumors, where the connective tissue is well developed, while the second one only occurred in one of the tumors. The analysis of the inner cell structure as well as the presence of interstages between dark and light cells makes it probable that dark and light cells are different types of one original cell. The cause of this different appearance of the menigioma cells is discussed. The fine structure of the tumor cells showed a great similarity with that of normal arachnoidal cells. Conclusions on the blastodermic origin of normal and blastomatous meningial cells on the basis of ultrastructural characteristics, however, seem to be premature.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00686120
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  • 29
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    Electronic Resource
    Étude ultrastructurale de quatre cas de leuco-encéphalite sclérosante subaiguë (1969)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 14 (1969), S. 1-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Subacute Sclerosing Leucoencephalitis ; Electron Microscopy ; Tubular Inclusions ; Inclusion Bodies (Cristalline Rods, Fibrillar Bundles, Nuclear Bodies, Osmiophilic Particles)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les auteurs rapportent 4 observations caractéristiques de LESS: L'analyse ultra-structurale montre: 10 — des inclusions tubulaires intra-nucléaires neuronales ou gliales et intra-axonales de morphologie superposable à celle des nucléocapsides des myxo-virus, de la rougeole en particulier. 20 — des formations non spécifiques: corps nucléaires, faisceaux cristallins et fibrillaires traduisant un trouble métabolique nucléaire, particules osmiophiles liées à une hyperactivité cellulaire. Les inclusions tubulaires virales sont présentes quelque soit la durée de la maladie (3 mois à 5 ans) indiquant l'absence d'autostérilisation virale dans le S.N.C. La LESS apparaît liée au virus rougeoleux mais le mécanisme indirect immunitaire ou métabolique de cette action est inconnu.
    Notes: Summary Four cases of S.S.L.E are reported. The electron microscopy findings show: 1. Tubulary inclusion bodies: They appear in three cases out of four, either in neuronal and glial nucleus or in axis cylinders. Their morphological features are similar to the nucleocapsides of myxoviruses and particularly measles-virus. 2. Other different types of nonspecific inclusions: nuclear bodies, cristalline-like rods and fibrillar bundles which may be considered as the result of a nuclear metabolic disorder, osmiophilic particles which may be seen as the result of a cellular intracytoplasmic hyperactivity. The tubules are found whatever the duration of the disease (3 months up to 5 years) may be. This might indicate that there is no autosterilization of the virus in the C.N.S. during the course of S.S.L.E. According to the most recent papers, such a disease might be interpreted as an infection indirectly induced by measles-virus with an unknown immunologic or metabolic mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687698
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  • 30
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    Electronic Resource
    The normal sural nerve in man (1969)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 13 (1969), S. 197-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Peripheral Nerves ; Axons ; Myelin Sheaths ; Schwann Cells ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine kombinierte licht- und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchung am normalen N. suralis von 7 Menschen im Alter von 15–59 Jahren wurde vorgenommen. Qualitative und quantitative Beobachtungen an Schwann-Zellen und Fibroblasten, markhaltigen und marklosen Fasern wurden an isolierten Faszikeln durchgeführt. Schwannzellen überwiegen gegenüber Fibroblasten im Verhältnis von etwa 9:1. Die meisten Schwannzellen (etwa 80%) liegen an marklosen Fasern. Die Faktoren, welche die Dichte dieser Zellen pro Querschnittsareal beeinflußen, werden diskutiert. Einige ultrastrukturelle Befunde an bemarkten Fasern werden beschrieben und ihre Zahl pro mm2 sowie die Häufigkeitsverteilung ihrer Dicke wird angegeben. Eine indirekte Methode zur Bestimmung der mittleren Internodienlänge für jede der Markfasergrößenpopulationen an Querschnitten von Faszikeln normaler Nerven durch Bestimmung des Verhältnisses der markhaltigen Fasersegmente zu ihrer Kernzahl wird vorgeschlagen. Die Ultrastruktur der marklosen Nervenfaern wird beschrieben und die Identifizierung dieser Axone mit extremen Durchmessern diskutiert. Ihre Dichte und Größenfrequenzhistogramme sind die ersten, die am Menschen durch systematische elektronenoptische Untersuchungen veröffentlicht werden. Das mittlere Verhältnis von marklosen zu bemarkten Fasern ist etwa 3,7:1 und schwankt in den Faszikeln der Einzelindividuen.
    Notes: Summary A combined light and electron microscope study of the normal sural nerve in 7 people aged 15–59 years is reported. Qualitative and quantitative studies of the Schwann cells and fibroblasts, myelinated and unmyelinated fibres are made in isolated fascicles. Schwann cells predominate over fibroblasts in the ratio of about 9-1. Most Schwann cells, almost 80%, are attached to unmyelinated fibres. Factors influencing the densities of these cells per cross sectional area are discussed. Some ultrastructural features of the myelinated fibres are described and their numbers per sq.mm and frequency distribution of their sizes are produced. An indirect method is proposed for assessing the mean internodal length for earch of the myelinated fibre size populations in cross sections of fascicles of normal nerves by estimating the proportion of myelinated segments cut through their nucleus. The ultrastructure of unmyelinated fibres is described and the identification of axons of extreme diameter is discussed. Their densities and size frequency histograms are the first to be reported in man by systematic electron microscope studies. The average ratio of unmyelinated to myelinated fibre density is about 3.7:1 though it varies in the fascicles of the different individuals. The implications of axonal diameter in the presence of myelin are commented on.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690642
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  • 31
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    Electronic Resource
    Light and electron microscopic study of the muscles in hypokalemic periodic paralysis (1969)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 12 (1969), S. 329-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis ; Electron Microscopy ; Myopathy ; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ; Glycogen, Muscular
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Licht- und elektronenoptische Untersuchungen wurden an Muskelbiopsien von 4 Fällen hypokaliämischer periodischer Paralyse durchgeführt. Die frühesten Veränderungen betreffen nach Meinung der Verfasser das sarkoplasmatische Reticulum: Vacuolisierung des Längssystems und vermutlich Multiplikation des Quersystems. Es wird vermutet, daß die Vacuolenbildung die Folge einer Fusion der Vesikeln des Quersystems darstellt. Destruktion von Myofibrillen und Vergrößerung der, interfibrillären Räume treten erst in späteren Phasen des Krankheitsprozesses auf. Ausdehnung und Intensität dieser Veränderungen bedingen das typische histologische Bild myogener Läsionen bei Fällen m klinisch fixierten Symptomen der Myopathie.
    Notes: Summary Light and electron-microscopic studies were performed on the muscles taken from 4 cases with hypokalemic periodic paralysis. The authors conclude that the earliest changes concern the sarcoplasmic reticulum: vacuolisation of the longitudinal system and probably, multiplication of the transverse system. It is suggested, that vacuoles are formed as a result of fusion of the vesicles of the transverse system. Destruction of myofibrilles and enlargement of the interfibrillar spaces appear at a later period of the disease process. Extensive and intensive changes of that kind present a typical appearance of myogenic changes in histological study observed in the cases with clinically fixed symptomes of myopathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00809129
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    The inhibition of calcium hydroxyapatite crystal growth by polyphosphonates and polyphosphates (1969)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 3 (1969), S. 151-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Calcification ; Physiologic ; Phosphonic Acids ; Phosphates ; Crystallization ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé On a étudié la formation de l'hydroxyapatite de calcium cristallin à partir de solutions d'ions de calcium et de phosphate et l'inhibition de la croissance de cristaux de l'hydroxyapatite de calcium au moyen de polyphosphonates et de polyphosphates. Les polyphosphonates, éthane hydroxy-1-diphosphonate-1,1 de disodium et dichlorométhanediphosphonate de disodium, sont inhibiteurs efficaces contre la croissance de cristaux de l'hydroxyapatite de calcium. Les polyphosphates sont aussi inhibiteurs efficaces contre la croissance de cristaux de l'hydroxyapatite de calcium tant que le niveau exigé de polyphosphate intact est présent dans le système. Cependant, à cause de leur instabilité hydrolytique, qui est soulignée par une température élevée, valeur de pH basse, et certaines enzymes, la concentration du polyphosphate diminue avec le tempsin vitro, et son activité comme inhibiteur est perdue. Au contraire aux polyphosphates, les polyphosphonates sont hydrolytiquement stables. Les polyphosphonates sont chimiosorbés sur la surface des microcristallites de l'hydroxyapatite de calcium, ainsi empêchant l'occurrence d'autre croissance de cristaux semblable à l'action d'autres poisons connus de croissance de cristaux. On propose l'extension de cette action sur la formation de l'apatite et cette stabilité des polyphosphonates aux applications médicales et dentaires concernant le metabolisme pathologique de calcium et de phosphate.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Die Bildung des kristallinen Calciumhydroxyapatit aus Lösungen, welche Calcium- und Phosphationen enthalten, und die Hemmung der Bildung von kristallinen Calciumhydroxyapatit durch Polyphosphonate und Polyphosphate wurden untersucht. Polyphosphonate, Dinatriumäthan-1-hydroxyl-1,1-diphosphonat und Dinatriumdichloromethandiphosphonate verhindern das Kristallwachstum des Calciumhydroxyapatits. Die Polyphosphate verhindern ebenfalls das Kristallwachstum des Calciumhydroxyapatits, solange die notwendige Konzentration des nicht hydrolysierten Polyphosphats vorhanden ist. Wegen ihrer hydrolytischen Unbeständigkeit, die durch hohe Temperatur, niedrige pH und bestimmte Enzyme erhöht wird, vermindert sich jedoch die Konzentration des Polyphosphats allmählichin vitro, und ihre Hemmungsaktivität geht verloren. Im Gegensatz zu den Polyphosphaten sind die Polyphosphonate hydrolytisch beständig. Die Polyphosphonate werden an der Oberfläche der Mikrokristallite des Calciumhydroxyapatits chemisorbiert und verhindern, wie andere bekannte Kristallwachstumsgifte, auf diese Weise weiteres Kristallwachstum. Die Beständigkeit der Polyphosphonate und ihre Chemisorption an dem Apatit empfehlen ihren Gebrauch in der ärztlichen und zahnärztlichen Praxis, soweit sie den pathologischen Calcium- und Phosphatstoffwechsel betreffen.
    Notes: Abstract The formation of crystalline calcium hydroxyapatite from solutions of calcium and phosphate ions and the inhibition of calcium hydroxyapatite crystal growth by polyphosphonates and polyphosphates have been studied. The polyphosphonates, disodium ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate and disodium dichloromethane diphosphonate, are effective inhibitors of calcium hydroxyapatite crystal growth. The polyphosphates are also effective inhibitors of calcium hydroxyapatite crystal growth as long as the required level of intact polyphosphate is present in the system. However, because of their hydrolytic instability, which is enhanced by high temperature, low pH, and certain enzymes, the concentration of the polyphosphate decreases with timein vitro, and its activity as an inhibitor is lost. In contrast to the polyphosphates, the polyphosphonates are hydrolytically stable. The polyphosphonates are chemisorbed on the surface of the microcrystallites of calcium hydroxyapatite and, in the manner of other known crystal growth poisons, thus prevent further crystal growth. The stability of the polyphosphonates and their chemisorption on apatite suggest their use in medical and dental applications involving pathological calcium and phosphate metabolism.
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    Relevance of sodium transport pool measurements in toad bladder tissue for the elucidation of the mechanism whereby hormones stimulate active sodium transport (1969)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 313 (1969), S. 197-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Toad Bladder ; Sodium Transport Pool ; Aldosterone ; Insulin ; Vasopressin ; Krötenblase ; Natrium-Transport-Pool ; Aldosteron ; Insulin ; Vasopressin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The size of toad bladder sodium transport pool, defined as that amount of sodium of apical origin and recovered in tissue at equilibrium, was compared with sodium transport rate, derived from short-circuit current read immediately before tissue analysis. Provided certain precautions be taken, the relationship between both variables can be described by a curve starting at the intersect ofX (pool, in μEq) andY (transport, in μEq/hr) axes, with a tendency forX to increase faster thanY. Assuming sodium transport pool forms one compartment, its calculated half-life averages 2–3 min. sodium transport pool measurements are thought to shed light on mechanism of sodium transport by toad bladder because pool size was large with respect to transport rate when tissue was exposed to several inhibitors of sodium transport. Conversely, upon stimulation of activity of (substrate — depleted) preparations by glucose, a relative reduction of pool size was observed. Aldosterone, vasopressin (and adenosine 3′,5′-phosphate) increased sodium pool size and transport rate, proportionately; insulin stimulated sodium transport more than it increased pool size. Thus, insulin presumably exerts its effect at the sodium “pump” while such a site of action need not be postulated for aldosterone and vasopressin: these 2 hormones would instead induce, permeability changes faciliting sodium movement at the apical border of toad bladder epithelial cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00586744
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    Procedure for double antibody immunoassay of insulin (1969)
    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 6 (1969), S. 371-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: Insulin ; Insulin antibodies ; Insulin assay ; Laboratory technique
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01548060
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    Variaciones diurnas de la eliminación de insulina en orina (1969)
    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 6 (1969), S. 197-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: Diurnal variations ; Food intake ; Glucose load ; Insulin ; Tolbutamide test
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Resume On a étudié l'effet de la lumière et de la période d'ingestion des aliments sur l'élimination d'insuline par les urines. On peut démontrer l'existence d'un rythme circadien et la présence de deux facteurs de régulation pour cette élimination. On présente quelques hypothèses concernant ces phénomènes.
    Abstract: Resumen Se estudió el efecto que sobre la eliminación de insulina urinaria ejercen los períodos de luzoscuridad y el horario de administración del alimento. Se demuestra la existencia de un ritmo circadiano de eliminación de dicha hormona, describiéndose dos reguladores del mismo. Se hacen especulaciones fisiopatológicas acerca de su significado.
    Notes: Riassunto E' stato studiato l'effetto della luce e del periodo di ingestione del cibo sull'eliminazione di insulina nelle urine. Si può dimostrare l'esistenza di un ritmo circadiano e la presenza di due fattori di regolazione per questa eliminazione. Vengono presentate alcune ipotesi concernenti questi fenomeni.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01548049
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    Proprietà insulino-stimolanti della glibenclamide (HB 419) in soggetti normali. Studi comparativi con la tolbutamide (1969)
    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 6 (1969), S. 283-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: Glybenclamide ; Insulin ; Insulin secretion ; Sulfonylureas ; Tolbutamide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Resume Les effets métaboliques de la glybenclamide et de la tolbutamide ont été étudiés chez deux groupes de sujets normaux traités avec des doses comparables des deux sulphanylurées. En rapport aussi à la dose de 1:400, la glybenclamide a démontré une activité insuline-sécrétive bien majeure de celle de la tolbutamide. La réponse insulinique a été suivie par une rapide et prolongée diminution des NEFA sériques et par un moins persistant effet hypoglycémique. Les effets métaboliques de l'HB 419 sont encore évidents 10–12 heures après l'administration du médicament, tandis que l'activité de la tolbutamide est terminée géneralement entre 4–6 heures. Quand l'administration des médicaments a été pratiquée en concomitance avec une charge veineuse de glucose, le coéfficient de Conard était élevé d'une façon significative par toutes les deux sulphanylurées.
    Abstract: Resumen Los efectos metabólicos de la glibenclamida y de la tolbutamida han sido investigados en dos grupos de sujetos normales tratados con dosis comparables de las dos sulfanilúreas. Inclusive en una relación de dosificación de 1:400, la glibenclamida ha demostrado una actividad insulinosecretora mucho mayor de la tolbutamida. La respuesta insulínica ha sido seguida de una disminución pronta y prolongada de los NEFA séricos y de un efecto hipoglucemiante menos persistente. Los efectos metabólicos del HB 419 son aún evidentes a las 10–12 horas después de la administración del medicamento, mientras la actividad de la tolbutamida es anulada por lo general dentro de 4–6 horas. Cuando la suministración de los medicamentos ha sido practicada en coincidencia con una carga venosa de glucosa, el coeficiente de Conard apareció significativamente elevado por ambas sulfanilúreas.
    Notes: Riassunto Gli effetti metabolici della glibenclamide e della tolbutamide sono stati indagati in 2 gruppi di soggetti normali trattati con dosi comparabili delle due sulfaniluree. Anche in un rapporto di dosaggio di 1:400, la glibenclamide ha mostrato un'attività insulino-secretiva assai maggiore di quella della tolbutamide. La risposta insulinica è stata seguita da una pronta e prolungata diminuzione dei NEFA serici e da un meno persistente effetto ipoglicemico. Gli effetti metabolici del-l'HB 419 sono ancora evidenti 10–12 h dopo la somministrazione del farmaco mentre l'attività della tolbutamide si annulla generalmente entro 4–6 h. Quando la somministrazione dei farmaci è stata praticata in coincidenza con un carico venoso di glucosio, il coefficiente di Conard è apparso significativamente innalzato da entrambe le sulfaniluree.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01548054
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    Studies on the transport of insulin antibodies across the placenta to the fetus and their effect on the fetal pancreatic islet system (1969)
    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 6 (1969), S. 573-584 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: Insulin ; Insulin antibodies ; Islets of Langerhans ; Placenta ; Transport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Resume Ce travail est la continuation des communications préliminaires sur la résistance insulinique des nouveaux-nés de mères insuline-résistantes. Les recherches ont été conduites sur cobayes et sur sujets humains. Les AA. ont démontré que les anticorps anti-insuline passent dans la circulation fœtale et provoquent l'apparition d'une insuline-résistance passive qui va disparaître dans les premières semaines de la vie. Les anticorps contre l'insuline bovine lient en partie l'insuline endogène des cobayes, ce qui est mis en evidence par l'hyperglycémie élevée des cobayes jeunes nées de mères insuline-résistantes. Les anticorps anti-insuline n'ont aucun effet important sur la structure du pancréas des cobayes dans la période périnatale.
    Abstract: Resumen Este trabajo representa la continuación de las comunicaciones preliminares sobre la resistencia insulínica que presentan las personas nacidas de madres insulino-resistentes. Las investigaciones han sido efectuadas en cobayas y hombres. Se ha demostrado que los anticuerpos anti-insulina pasan al círculo fetal, provocando la aparición de insulino-resistencia pasiva, que desaparece durante las primeras semanas de vida. Los anticuerpos contra la insulina bovina ligan en parte la insulina endógena de cobayas, como lo demuestra la hiperglucemia elevada de las cobayas jóvenes nacidas de madres insulino-resistentes. Los anticuerpos anti-insulina no ejercen ningún efecto apreciable sobre la estructura del páncreas de las cobayas durante el período peri-natal.
    Notes: Riassunto Questo lavoro rappresenta la continuazione delle comunicazioni preliminari sulla resistenza insulinica dei nati di madri insulino-resistenti. Le ricerche sono state condotte su cavie e su uomini. E' stato dimostrato che gli anticorpi anti-insulina passano nel circolo fetale inducendovi la comparsa di una insulino-resistenza passiva che scompare nelle prime settimane di vita. Gli anticorpi contro l'insulina bovina legano in parte l'insulina endogena di cavie, come è evidenziato dall'elevata iperglicemia delle cavie giovani nate da madri insulino-resistenti. Gli anticorpi anti-insulina non esercitano alcun effetto di rilievo sulla struttura del pancreas delle cavie nel periodo perinatale.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01548073
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    Insulin allergy. Clinical and immunological effects of specific desensitization (1969)
    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 6 (1969), S. 796-808 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: Desensitization ; Immunoglobulins ; Insensitivity ; Insulin ; Insulin allergy ; Insulin antibodies ; Macroglobulins ; Porcine insulin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Resume Cinq patients atteints d'allergie à l'insuline ont été désensibilisés par de l'insuline de porc selon la méthode d'Urbach et Gotlieb. Le diagnostic d'allergie à l'insuline a été posé sur la base des manifestations cliniques, de la positivité des réactions cutanées et, dans 2 cas, des réactions de Prausnitz-Küstner (P.K.). On a obtenu dans 3 cas une désensibilisation. La présence d'anticorps anti-insuline a été révélée par la méthode immunoautoradiographique en employant de l'insuline131J. Avant la désensibilisation la présence d'anticorps IgG a été enregistrée chez 3 patients tandis que chez 2 on a démontré également des anticorps IgA. Une réaction de P.K. positive a été observée chez des patients dont les sérums contenaient des anticorps IgA. Pendant la désensibilisation on a observé une apparition transitoire de macroglobulines capables de lier l'insuline131J. Après la désensibilisation on a constaté la persistance de la positivité aux réactions cutanées immédiates à l'insuline de porc et de boeuf. En même temps les réactions retardées et la réaction de P.K. à l'insuline de porc étaient interverties, bien que les mêmes réactions à l'insuline bovine restaient positives.
    Abstract: Resumen Cinco pacientes que padecían de alergia a la insulina han sido desensibilizados con insulina porcina según el método de Urbach y Gotlieb. El diagnóstico de alergia a la insulina ha sido puesto teniendo en cuenta las manifestaciones clínicas, el positivismo de las reacciones cutáneas, y, en 2 casos, las reacciones de Prausnitz-Küstner (P.K.). En 3 casos se ha obtenido desensibilización. La presencia de anticuerpos anti-insulina ha sido puesta en evidencia con el método inmunoautoradiográfico, empleando insulina131J. Antes de la desensibilización, la presencia de anticuerpos IgG ha sido hallada en 3 pacientes, mientras que en 2 han sido demostrados también anticuerpos IgA. Una reacción de P.K. positiva ha sido observada en pacientes cuyos sueros contenían anticuerpos IgA. Durante la desensibilización se ha observado aparición transitoria de macroglobulinas capaces de ligar la insulina131J. Al cabo de la desensibilización se ha notado la persistencia del positivismo a las respuestas cutáneas inmediatas a la insulina porcina y bovina. Al mismo tiempo, las respuestas retardadas y la reacción de P.K. a la insulina porcina cstaban invertidas, no obstante que las mismas reacciones a la insulina bovina hubieran quedado positivas.
    Notes: Riassunto Cinque pazienti con allergia all'insulina sono stati desensibilizzati con insulina suina secondo il metodo di Urbach e Gotlieb. La diagnosi di allergia all'insulina è stata posta sulla base delle manifestazioni cliniche, della positività delle reazioni cutanee e, in 2 casi, delle reazioni di Prausnitz-Küstner (P.K.). In 3 casi si è ottenuta una desensibilizzazione. La presenza di anticorpi anti-insulina è stata rivelata con il metodo immunoautoradiografico impiegando insulina131J. Prima della desensibilizzazione la presenza di anticorpi IgG è stata riscontrata in 3 pazienti mentre in 2 sono stati dimostrati anche anticorpi IgA. Una reazione di P.K. positiva è stata osservata in pazienti i cui sieri contenevano anticorpi IgA. Durante la desensibilizzazione si è osservata una comparsa transitoria di macroglobuline capaci di legare l'insulina131J. Dopo la desensibilizzazione si è riscontrata la persistenza della positività delle risposte cutanee immediate all'insulina suina e bovina. Al tempo stesso le risposte ritardate e la reazione di P.K. all'insulina suina erano invertite, sebbene le stesse reazioni all'insulina bovina rimanessero positive.
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    Morphological, ultrastructural, histochemical and electrophoretic studies on the venom system of Nasonia vitripennis walker (hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 127 (1969), S. 177-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The venom system of Nasonia vitripennis is well-developed and composed of an unbranched acid gland and associated reservoir. Fine-structural, histochemical and electrophoretic studies indicate that the venom is produced by two protein-secreting epithelia. The bulk of the venom is synthesised in the columnar cells of the acid gland and discharged via “vesicular organelles” and the efferent ductular system into the lumen of the reservoir. The acid gland also contains squamous chitogenous cells, situated either around the central lumen or interposed between the bases of the columnar cells. Once within the reservoir, the venom is probably activated by enzymatic secretions from the reservoir secretory cells. Each of these cells has a “vesicular organelle” but, in contrast to the columnar cells of the acid gland, the cytoplasm contains a preponderance of free ribosomes, and protein segregation apparently occurs outside the Golgi complexes.The venom is expelled through the efferent discharge duct by muscular contractions, which open the duct lumen and bring it into contact with the funnel of the ovipositor. Excessive distortion of the duct is prevented by a massive ventral ligament.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051270205
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    Electron microscopic studies of the compound eye of the toadbug, Gelastocoris oculatus (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 127 (1969), S. 233-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: There are eight retinula cells in the ommatidium of the compound eye of the toadbug (Gelastocoris oculatus), two of which are central in position. Along the axial sides of the six peripheral retinula cells expand six cytoplasmic processes from the apical crystalline cone cells. These processes, which contain longitudinally-oriented microtubules, are associated with all eight retinula cells by means of desmosomal junctions. In addition to providing structural support, the possibility is set forth that the interconnecting cone processes might also serve to functionally integrate the retinula cells of an ommatidium. The eight retinula cells possess microvillus surfaces, which are especially prominent in the six peripheral cells, where they extend into the lumen of the ommatidium. There is evidence of pinocytotic activity at the bases of microvilli. Multivesicular bodies are present in the cytoplasm of retinula cells, and the means by which these bodies might be elaborated are discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051270208
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    On the mechanism of respiration in the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana: A reassessmentSupported (in part) by National Science Foundation grant GB-6521X. Presented (in part) at the 150th Conference of the Society for Experimental Biology in Bristol, England, during March 1968, at the meeting of the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists at Ann Arbor, Michigan on 18 June 1968, and before the Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles meeting at Mountain Lake, Virginia on 24 August 1968. (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 127 (1969), S. 259-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The mechanism of respiration in the bullfrog has been analyzed by means of pressure recordings from the buccal cavity, the lungs and the abdominal cavity, by cinematography and cinefluorography, and by electromyography of buccal, laryngeal and abdominal muscles. Gas flow was investigated by putting frogs in atmospheres of changing argon and nitrogen content and monitoring the concentration of the nostril efflux.Three kinds of cyclical phenomena were found. (1) Oscillatory cycles consist of rhythmical raising and lowering of the floor of the mouth, with open nares. They have a definite respiratory function in introducing fresh air into the buccal cavity. (2) Ventilatory cycles involve opening and closing of the glottis and nares and renewal of a portion of the pulmonary gas. More muscles are involved and the pattern of muscular activity is more complex than in the oscillatory cycles. (3) Inflation cycles consist of a series of ventilation cycles, interrupted by an apneic pause. The intensity of the ventilatory cycles increases before this pause and decreases immediately thereafter. This results in a stepwise increase in pulmonary pressure, to a plateau (coincident with the pause) followed by a sudden or stepwise decrease.The respiratory mechanism depends on the activity of a buccal force pump, which determines pulmonary pressure whose level is always slightly less than the peak pressure values of the ventilation cycles. The elevated pulmonary pressure is responsible for the expulsion of pulmonary gas during the second phase of the next ventilation cycle. This pressure is maintained by the elastic fibers (and the smooth masculature) of the lungs.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051270302
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    Tentacular and oral-disc regeneration in the sea anemone, Aiptasia diaphana. I. Sequential morphological events in distal-end restitutionThis work was supported by National Science Foundation grant GB-5045 and National Institutes of Health Bio-Medical Sciences Support grant to NYU. (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 127 (1969), S. 373-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The complete regeneration of a new oral-disc and tentacles has been observed and described for Aiptasia diaphana. These structures are regenerated quite rapidly: seven to ten days at 20°C. At three days post-amputation, the new primary, secondary, and tertiary tentacle buds begin to develop in direct association with the underlying primary, secondary, and tertiary septae (respectively) of the column, suggesting that the latter organize the form of the regenerating oral-disc. Two days after amputation, the zooxanthellae of the presumptive oral disc arrange themselves into a ring which quite precisely delimits the area from which the tentacle buds will form. In spite of its suggestive proximity, this accumulation of algae plays no role in the induction of tentacle buds as was shown by studying regeneration in anemones which essentially lacked large quantities of these symbiotic algae.Cuts perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the column result in an equal rate of tentacular regeneration around the entire circumference of the presumptive oral disc. Oblique amputations foster an asynchronous regeneration: the tentacle buds of the distal-most area of the severed column are larger and regenerate much sooner than those of the proximal region. Similar results were obtained by studying anemones which were cut perpendicular to their longitudinal axes at different levels along the column. The data suggest that an oral-aboral gradient exists concerning the time required for the initiation of tentacle budding and the rate of tentacle regeneration.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051270308
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    Masthead (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 128 (1969) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051280101
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    A rapid method for detecting malformations in rat fetusesSupported in part by National Heart Institute Graduate Cardiovascular Training grant 2T1-HE 5493 (Dr. Barrow, Trainee) and by grants from the North-east Florida Heart Association, Inc., and the Palm Beach Heart Association, Inc., Chapters of the Florida Heart Association, Inc. Read before the Teratology Society, Estes Park, Colorado, May, 1967. (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 127 (1969), S. 291-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A rapid method for examining rat fetuses is presented. The technique consists of fixing the fetuses in Bouin's solution, serially sectioning the head, neck and lower trunk with a razor blade and doing sagittal sections of the heart after opening the thoracic cavity. Examples of sections from normal 20 day rat fetuses are given as well as some with the following abnormalities: cleft palate produced by chlorcyclizine and eye and heart malformations resulting from anti-adult rat kidney serum.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051270303
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    The structure of an epidermal cell during the development of the protein epicuticle and the uptake of molting fluid in an insect (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 127 (1969), S. 7-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A structure for a generalized insect epidermal cell during the formation of the epicuticle is proposed, based on studies of several different epidermal cell types. The protein epicuticle is defined as the dense homogeneous layer below the cuticulin. The formation of the protein epicuticle involves secretory vesicles arising in Golgi complexes, and marks an interlude in the involvement in cuticle formation of plasma membrane plaques. The plaques are concerned in cuticulin formation before and in fibrous cuticle formation after the deposition of the protein epicuticle.The epidermis is characterized by the possession of a cytoskeleton of microtubules and a matrix of microfibers. In the elongated cells forming bristles and spines, the microfibers are often oriented in bundles with an axial banding which repeats every 120 Å. The microtubules are also arranged in columns with a trigonal packing and center to center spacing of about 800 Å. These cytoskeletal structures separate the other organelles into channels which may restrict the pathways open for the movement of secretory and pinocytotic vesicles. The protein epicuticle arises from the secretory vesicles which discharge at the apical surface. The contents disperse and reaggregate below the cuticulin. The Golgi complexes in the basal and central regions have many secretory vesicles and a small saccular component, differing from those nearer the apex which are smaller and have fenestrated saccules. The small coated vesicles (800 Å in diameter) associated with both sorts of complex, probably move to the apical and basal faces of the cell where they may give rise to the large coated vesicles (2000 Å in diameter) inserted in the plasma membrane. Pinocytosis occurs from both apical and basal faces but most lytic activity is in the apical region. Plant peroxidase injected into the haemocoel is taken up basally and transported to the apical MVBs. The large coated vesicles on the apical face may be concerned in the control of the extracellular subcuticular environment. They appear to fill up and detach, fusing to become the apical MVBs.
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    The cytology of submandibular glands of the opossumThis study was supported by U.S.P.H.S. grants DE 02110 and DE 02670. (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 128 (1969), S. 1-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Submandibular glands of the opossum have been studied by light and electron microscopy and compared with other mammalian salivary glands. The glands have four parenchymal segments which connect in the order named below to convey saliva toward the oral cavity. 1Secretory units are elongated branching tubules exhibiting mucous and special serous cell types. Mucous cells predominate and resemble those in other salivary glands. Special serous cells differ from “typical” serous cells. They contain a preponderance of tubular or vesicular endoplasmic reticulum and secretory granules which vary from electron lucent to electron opaque.2Intercalated ducts are short segments lined by nonsecretory, cuboidal cells.3Striated ducts are numerous and lie in the center of the lobule. The duct epithelium has four cell types, designated light cells, dark cells, Type I basal cells, and Type II basal cells. Light cells possess basal infoldings associated with mitochondria, but the other cell types lack this characteristic.4Excretory ducts are also lined by four cell types which bear the same names as those of striated ducts. Three of the four cell types are virtually identical to those of striated ducts, but light cells differ. They do not always contain basal infoldings and the supranuclear cytoplasm lacks distinct inner and outer zones.The glands resemble salivary glands of higher mammals in many respects while possessing certain unique cytological features which may reflect the secretory needs of the organism.
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    Morphologic variation in the cranium and mandible of the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus): A comparative study of geographical and four biological distances (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 128 (1969), S. 95-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Several biological distances based on cranial and mandibular variation among breeding groups of white-tailed deer were calculated and compared with geographic distances among the groups. Distances based on epigenetic variation among ten groups were calculated using 16 non-metric variants of the cranium and mandible. Penrose's size and shape distances and Mahalanobis' D2 distance were calculated for 11 groups; the calculations were based on seven skeletal and seven dental metric variables of the mandible.The biological distances were correlated with geographic distance as follows: the epigenetic distance, 0.74; Penrose's shape distance, 0.71; Penrose's size distance, 0.45; and Mahalanobis' distance, 0.37. All correlations were significant at the 0.01 level. The epigenetic and Penrose shape correlations were significantly higher than the Mahalanobis correlation.Because of the conditions under which the breeding groups were selected, it was assumed that genetic affinites among the groups would be a function of geographic distance. The results suggest that the epigenetic distance and Penrose's shape distance reflect genetic affinities among groups better than do the Penrose size and Mahalanobis distances.
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    Mechanics of respiration in the snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentina (Linné) (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 128 (1969), S. 195-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The mechanism of lung ventilation in chelonians has been much debated. Electromyographic studies show that the basic mechanism in the snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentina, is dependent on the activities of four major respiratory muscles that are capable of varying the volume of the visceral cavity. The precise mechanism utilized varies in response to environmental factors, especially the depth to which the animal is submerged. Chelydra tends to reduce muscular activity to a minimum, and hydrostatic pressure or gravity replaces muscular effort whenever possible. The response is subject to hysteresis. Both the mechanics and pattern of ventilation in Chelydra differ from those of Testudo. The differences appear to be attributable in part to Chelydra's markedly reduced plastron and more extensive respiratory musculature and in part to the different habitats occupied by the two species.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051280205
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    Cytological observations on the so-called neoblasts in the serpulid SpirorbisThis work was supported by a Faculty Research grant from the Graduate Council of the University of Massachusetts. (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 128 (1969), S. 241-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The purported “neoblasts” of the serpulid Spirorbis have been studied in Spirorbis (Paradexiospira) vitreus and Spirorbis (Laeospira) borealis at both the light and electron microscopic levels. These perivasal cells occur in greatest abundance around the ventral blood vessel of the achaetous region. In light microscope preparations, the perivasal cells are intensely basophilic, containing basally situated nuclei, and relatively large nucleoli. The fine structure of the perivasal cells reveals that they contain an abundance of rough endoplasmic reticulum, well-developed Golgi complex, heterogeneous dense bodies, and cytolysomes. The respiratory pigment chlorocruorin, which has a diameter of about 230 Å and is believed to be composed of two superimposed hexagonal components, has been localized within: cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, elements of the Golgi complex, and membrane-bounded vesicles at the base of the perivasal cells. Evidence is advanced which strongly suggests that molecules of chlorocruorin are transported from the perivasal cells into the lumen of the vessel by reverse pinocytosis. It is concluded that whatever other functional role(s) the perivasal cells of Spirorbis may have, a major function is the synthesis and secretion of chlorocruorin. Whether the perivasal cells can be considered to be pluripotent is discussed.
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    Functional components versus mechanical units in descriptive morphologyPresented (in part) before the annual meeting of the Section of Vertebrate Morphology, American Society of Zoologists, on December 30, 1968 at Dallas, Texas. (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 128 (1969), S. 365-368 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The concept of functional components was initially proposed by van der Klaauw ('45, '52) to indicate overlap of functional influences particularly in mammalian skulls; his analysis marked a departure from the study of single characters to that of function-modified systems. A very similar set of terms is now coming into vogue to describe the mechanically separable components of highly kinetic fish, amphibian and reptilian skulls. In these cases the term functional unit often pertains only to the musculo-skeletal system and is utilized during the process of description; it is often applied before a complete functional analysis has been carried out.Yet, any structure tends to be affected by the influence of multiple functions, and any function will almost certainly affect multiple characteristics of the animal. Since functional components overlap, the term should not be used to label an essentially topographical dissection of the animal. It cannot be expected that each loosely connected component of a kinetic skull subserves as a single “function,” and that this function does not overlap onto other units.It is suggested that the term mechanical unit be substituted as a label for the mechanical sub-divisions often utilized to organize descriptions. The concept of functional units in the original sense then remains available as an analytical tool.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051280305
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    The cytology of the vitellogenic stages of oogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. I. General staging characteristics (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 128 (1969), S. 427-441 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The cytology of the vitellogenic stages in the development of the oocyte of Drosophila melanogaster has been studied using whole mounts and sections of plastic-embedded ovaries and single egg chambers for light microscopy and cytochemistry. The migrations, changes in morphology, and synthetic products of the follicle cells are described as a function of developmental stage. The follicle cells synthesize the egg coverings, the vitelline and chorionic membranes, and elaborate the micropyle and dorsal chorionic appendages. The changing structure of the nurse cell nucleus and changes in organelle composition of its cytoplasm are described. The nurse cells synthesize ribosomes, lipid droplets, and mitochondria. These components pass through the ring canal system into the oocyte, which increases in volume some 200,000 times during its 78 hours of development.
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    Musculature, nervous system and glands of metasomal abdominal segments of the male of Nomia melanderi Ckll. (Hymenoptera, Apoidea)Supported by Grant 12-14-100-8072(33) from Agricultural Research Service, USDA. (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 129 (1969), S. 59-79 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Each muscle of the third metasomal segment of the male of Nomia melanderi Ckll. is described in detail. The points of attachment of each muscle are compared with their homologs in other pregenital segments and with their homologs in the female. The function desgnated for each muscle describes its action alone or in conjunction with other muscle(s). New names are given to genital muscles by referring in the name to their points of attachment. Each intratergal muscle has homologous points of attachment in the pregenital segments of both sexes. The median tergo-dorsoplical muscle of the seventh segment and the oblique tergo-dorsoplical muscle of the eighth segment have changed their points of attachment. The intrasternal muscles are modified to suit the needs of courtship and mating, thus they are different from their homologs in the female. The spiracular muscles are well developed in all segments except the eighth, where the sterno-spiracular muscle is absent. The extrinsic genital muscles are derived from the intrasternal muscles of the eighth and ninth segments. The parameral and volsellar muscles are reduced in number. The aedeagal muscles, except the aedeago-phallic, have retained similar points of attachment to those found in primitive Hymenoptera. The topography of the metasomal nervous system is reported in detail by following each nerve and nervule to its termination. The study shows that (at least in Nomia) the criterion of nerve-concentration should not be used alone to indicate evolutionary levels. To accommodate the morphological changes in the terminal segments the Anterior and Posterior Lateral Nerves have migrated to new locations. The pattern of nerve topography (even at the nervule level) is homologous both in the different pregenital segments and between the sexes. The fact that homology does not exist between the external genitalia of the male and the modified ovipositor of the female supports the thesis that the male genital capsule is of phallic rather than prephallic origin. A pair of intersegmental membrane glands located between the seventh and eighth sterna is described. These glands may be the source of a pheromon responsible for gregariousness among “sleeping” males.
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    Ultrastructure of thymic myoid cellsThis investigation was supported in part by National Science Foundation grant GB-6984 and U.S.P.H.S. grant FR-05423. (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 129 (1969), S. 201-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Mature myoid cells in the parenchyma of reptilian thymus contain all the organelles typical of striated muscle. The presence of both immature and degenerating stages indicates a turnover of myoid cells in the adult thymus. In the earlier stages of differentiation myoid cells resemble thymic epithelial cells. A close parallel exists between developing myoid cells, skeletal muscle differentiating in vitro, rhabdomyoma and rhabdomyosarcoma. Elaborate lattice-like structures are formed by transverse tubules. These structures are compared with similar configurations which have been described in muscle and mitochondrial cristae.
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    The hatching thread of praying mantids: An unusual chintinous structure (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 129 (1969), S. 307-315 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The hatching threads of praying mantis embryos are silk-like in appearance, but cellular in origin. Their development can be divided into four phases. In phase 1 each embryonic cercus produces a hollow column of cells which is pushed out dorso-laterally, on either side of the embryo, between the epidermis and the chorion. In phase 2 each column becomes transformed into an unbroken helical cellular filament. The terminal five or six cells at the distal end of each filament become permanently attached to the inner surface of the chorion. The cellular arrangement of the filament is superseded by an apparent syncytial condition. In phase 3 the extensive proximal parts of the two filaments become folded into a compact space, flanked by the cerci and styli, at the tip of the abdomen. Throughout phase 4 the filaments remain in two tightly coiled groups, connected to the chorionic attachments by loosely coiled distal regions. Progressive secretion of chitin by, and around, each filament forms a sheath, 1-2 μ thick, which provides the tensile component of the hatching threads. During emergence these threads become unravelled to form a double thread which allows the insect to hang from the ootheca and complete its first ecdysis.
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    Masthead (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 129 (1969) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051290401
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    The influence of the nerve on lower jaw regeneration in the adult newt, Triturus viridescensPortion of a thesis submitted to the Graduate School of Case Western Reserve University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Anatomy.,This investigation was supported by grants GM 08580-07 and GM 12653 from the National Institutes of Health. The work was performed while the author held a pre-doctoral fellowship from the National Institutes of Health. (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 129 (1969), S. 401-413 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The present investigation was undertaken in an attempt to determine the role played by the nerve in the regeneration of the lower jaw of the adult newt, Triturus viridescens. The results indicated that the number of nerve fibers normally available at the amputation surface was very low compared with that of the newt forelimb. Furthermore, denervation of the lower jaw reduced the number of nerve fibers available to an extremely low level and maintained the number at a low level for up to four weeks without intervening redenervations. The regenerative events in the denervated and amputated lower jaws were indistinguishable histologically from those in amputated jaws having normal innervation. This presented an apparent exception to the general rule that regeneration of external body parts is dependent on the nerve. Several possible explanations are proposed by which this apparent exception might be explained. The process following amputation might be an exaggerated form of wound healing and tissue regeneration which can occur in the absence of nerves. The tissues of the lower jaw might be more sensitive to the influence of those nerve fibers present. The nerve fibers themselves might be qualitatively different and thus exert a greater influence on the tissues.
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    A comparative study of the embryological development of the median cord in hemipteraAuthorized for publication on September 11, 1968 as paper No. 3476 in the journal series of the Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station. (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 129 (1969), S. 375-399 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Median cord development is uniform in six families of Hemiptera and five non-hemipterans. The median cord arises independently from the lateral cords and is histologically distinguishable from the latter throughout development. Intrasegmentally, median cord nuclei possess prominent nucleoli and many small chromatin granules surrounded by clear nuclear sap. This region forms what appear to be glial elements at the midline of the neuropile. Intersegmentally, a spherical clump of eight to twelve large nuclei develops surrounded by dark-staining granular cytoplasm. Each intersegmental clump migrates anteriorly into the preceding ganglionic region but degenerates soon after katatrepsis.
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    Sequence of ossification in the skeleton of growing and metamorphosing tadpoles of Rana pipiensSupported by research grants from the National Science Foundation (GB 4317) and the U. S. Public Health Service (GM 05867-10). (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 129 (1969), S. 415-443 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The order of ossification of bones in the skeleton of Rana pipiens during larval growth and metamorphosis has been determined from observations on specimens fixed in 70% alcohol and stained with alizarin red S. The axial skeleton ossifies in a generally cephalo-caudal sequence, beginning with the parasphenoid bone at Taylor-Kollros stages IV-IX, followed by vertebrae (V-IX) and then the urostyle (IX-XIV). Exoccipitals (VII-IX), frontoparietals (XI-XII) and prootics (XIII-XVII) are additional cranial bones which successively ossify before metamorphosis. With the onset of metamorphosis at stage XVIII jawbones and rostral bones of the skull ossify in the following succession: premaxilla, maxilla, septomaxilla, nasal, dentary, angular, squamosal, pterygoid, prevomer, mentomeckelian, quadratojugal, palatine, columella, posteromedial process of “hyoid.” The sphenethmoid does not ossify until after metamorphosis.Ossification of limbbones begins with the femur or humerus at stages X-XII and progresses proximo-distally to the phalanges by stages XIII-XV. Carpals, however, do not ossify until stage XXV or after metamorphosis. The ilium of the pelvic girdle begins to ossify at stages X-XII, but the ischium is delayed until stages XX-XXIII. Scapula and coracoid of the pectoral girdle undergo initial ossification at stages XII-XIV, suprascapula and clavicle at stages XIII-XV. The sternum does not begin to ossify until stage XXIV. The possible role of thyroid hormones in stimulating osteogenesis is discussed.
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    Cell proliferation in Xenopus tissues: A comparison of mitotic incidence in vivo and in organ culture (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 127 (1969), S. 363-372 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Using the Colcemid technique, the mitotic incidence (MI) was measured in the epidermis, lung, spleen, liver, kidney and ovarian follicular cells of metamorphosed, immature Xenopus laevis laevis. The MI was higher at 25°C than at 20°C, and there was a significant ranking correlation between organs in respect of the MI in different animals. With the exception of the liver and kidney, organ cultures showed good preservation for up to six days in vitro using a medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum, and values for MI comparable with or even higher than in vivo were obtained.
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    Masthead (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 127 (1969) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051270401
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    Ultrastructure of bovine parotid glandsSupported by U.S.P.H.S. grants DE 02670 and DE 02110. (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 127 (1969), S. 453-473 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Bovine parotid glands exhibit outstanding structural differences when compared with those of non-ruminant mammals. The acini are tortuous, branched and lined with cells of different heights, imparting a scalloped appearance to acinar lumina. Numerous microvilli, ca. 1.5 μ in length, extend into the lumina and intercellular canaliculi. Intercellular canaliculi measure ca. 3 μ in diameter and interweave in close association with intercellular tissue spaces. Intercellular tissue spaces are separated from the extraacinar spaces across a basal lamina only, whereas junctional complexes guard canaliculi from direct continuity with tissue spaces and/or extraacinar spaces. Flattened cytoplasmic lamellae extend from adjacent acinar cells and loosely interdigitate with one another across the tissue spaces. Acinar cells contain more mitochondria and less granular endoplasmic reticulum than parotid glands of non-ruminant mammals. Two types of secretory material, in the form of inclusions which vary in size and electron density, are present in the acinar cells. Intercalated ducts connect acini with striated ducts which in turn, empty into collecting ducts located between gland lobules. In terms of frequency of “basal infoldings” and numbers of mitochondria, striated ducts of calf parotid glands are not as well developed as those of certain other salivary glands. Myoepithelial cells are most often present at junctions of acini and intercalated ducts where they may attach to both acinar and ductal epithelium. Nerve “terminals” were not observed on the epithelial side of basement membranes in relation to the secretory cells.
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    Masthead (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 127 (1969) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051270101
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    Coordinated development in the fly foot: Sequential cuticle secretion (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 127 (1969), S. 73-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Development of the adult fly foot falls into clearly defined phases of cell division, growth, cuticle secretion and cell death. The pulvillus is composed dorsally of two giant cells and ventrally of thousands of minute tenent cells; the former produce the dorsal footpad cuticle and the latter the thousands of tenent hairs. Cell divisions are still occurring in future tenent cells when increase in size of the cells and in polyteny of the chromosomes is already occurring in the two dorsal cells. Also cell death occurs considerably earlier in the tenent cells, yet the sequential secretion of some six cuticular layers takes place at comparable times in dorsal and ventral cuticles. The cuticular layers formed are, in their order of secretion: ecdysial membrane, cuticulin of the epicuticle, dense exocuticle, homogeneous exocuticle, an intermediate layer, wax of the epicuticle, and an extensive mass of endocuticle. The ecdysial membrane seems to perform an important mechanical role in maintaining the shape of the delicate cytoplasmic projections of the tenent cells, before and during cuticle secretion, and in establishing the cuticular pattern of ridges in the dorsal cuticle. Comparisons are made with trichogen cell cuticle development and with tracheal cuticle. Tracheal, trichogen and dorsal footpad cuticle patterns are compared.Details of giant cell activity provide a working basis for studies of nuclear-cytoplasmic interactions, and the whole system raises many unsolved problems in the general field of cell differentiation and pattern formation.
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    Innervation of the antennal musculature of the centipede Scolopendra morsitans Linn. (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 127 (1969), S. 105-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A detailed description of the innervation of the individual muscles of the antenna of the centipede Scolopendra morsitans is given. There are six nerves supplying the antennal muscles of each side. The nerve N I consists of 26 bundles of which two are motor, 12 sensory and 12 are mixed. It innervates the intrinsic muscles of the antenna and the antennal sense organs. The nerves N II, N III and N IV innervate the dorsal extrinsic muscles and the nerve N V and N VI the ventral extrinsic muscles.
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  • 65
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    Dense bodies of the contractile system of cardiac muscle in Venus mercenaria (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 127 (1969), S. 151-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Dense bodies in the heart muscle of Venus mercenaria exist in two forms, free and attached. Free dense bodies morphologically consist of fascicles of thin filaments in parallel array and bound together by a dense, amorphous proteinaceous material. The binding of dense bodies to the cell membrane is effected via connecting filaments of the amorphous material of the dense body which join a condensation of morphologically similar material attached to the inner osmiophilic layer of the unit membrane. This composite of dense body, connecting filaments, membrane condensation and unit cell membrane has been termed collectively the attachment plaque. The attachment plaque is part of an extensive network on the cell surface which obligates that surface to a role in the contractile process. Moreover, this set of attachment plaques imposes an organization and an orientation to most thin filaments of the cell and preserves the contractile axis of the cell.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 66
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    A mechanism for rapid transport of colloidal particles by flounder renal epithelium (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 127 (1969), S. 205-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Large quantities of colloidal particles were rapidly transported around the junctional complex into the lateral intercellular spaces by flounder renal epithelial cells. Large invaginations containing particles developed in the apical cytoplasm of cells when tracer particles were injected into the tubular lumens. Some membranebounded profiles containing particles appeared close to the lateral intercellular spaces. Particles were then found in the lateral intercellular spaces, between the basal plasmalemma and the basement membrane, and within the basement membrane. It is suggested that this transport might operate in situ and provide a morphological mechanism to explain a type of protein transport noted in the renal tubules of another flounder species by Maack and Kinter ('67). It is interesting to consider that perhaps a similar mechanism for the transport of intact proteins might also operate in mammalian nephrons as well.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051270206
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  • 67
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    Specialized basophilic cells in the ventral lobe of the pituitary of the smooth dogfish, Mustelus canisPartial support during 1965 by an NSF Institutional grant (GU 816) and the Wilder Fund in Zoology, Smith College. (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 127 (1969), S. 439-451 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The ventral lobe of the adenohypophysis of the smooth dogfish, Mustelus canis, a viviparous elasmobranch, has been found to possess distinctive cells identified as basophils on the basis of staining properties. At maximum size, such a cell consists of a distended vesicle containing PAS-positive, AF-negative material surrounded by a thin envelope of cytoplasm and an eccentric nucleus. In earlier stages of these cells, vesicles are small or absent and granules in the more abundant cytoplasms are AF or Alcian-positive.Basophil numbers are high in pre-ovulation and mid-ovulation females, decrease markedly after the end of ovulation until embryos are about 1 cm long then increase greatly during August and September while embryos grow to 8 cm in length. Early high counts, if these basophils are gonadotropes, may be correlated with stimulation of the ovary and ovulation; reduced numbers suggest inhibition, possibly by ovarian hormones for a period, while subsequent increase may indicate indirect involvement in uterine conditions in this viviparous species. Conclusion are, admittedly, tentative as specimens were available during only a fraction of the ten month gestation period.
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  • 68
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    Silk secretion in sawflies (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 127 (1969), S. 355-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The serigenous glands of a number of different sawfly larvae have been examined. Silk is secreted by pear-shaped cells which may be fused together in pairs or triplets, or exist simply as free, single cells. The cells are arranged in numerous groups attached to a pair of wide silk reservoirs by means of short canals. Each gland cell contains a large, irregular, ramifying nucleus and an intracellular duct which receives droplets of synthesised silk protein. Two modifications of this basic arrangement are described. It is suggested that the secretory cells are dermal gland cells, and that the intracellular duct is a rudimentary end-apparatus. A comparison is made between these and some other types of dermal gland cell found in insects.
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  • 69
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    Ultrastructure of human labial salivary glands. I. Acinar secretory cells (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 127 (1969), S. 383-407 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The structure of human labial salivary gland acini was studied by light and electron microscopy. Contrary to previous reports, these glands were pure mucous in nature; no serous elements were present. The acinar cells were found in all stages of maturation. Immature cells were characterized by an extensive and highly organized rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum. The Golgi complex was extremely prominent, consisting of stacks of flattened cisternae and swarms of small vesicles. Mucous droplets were almost completely absent. As secretory activity progressed, the endoplasmic reticulum involuted, while the Golgi cisternae became distended and formed many vacuoles. In mature mucous cells, the apical cytoplasm was filled with membrane-bounded mucous droplets, and the nucleus was displaced basally. The droplets frequently showed great variation in density from cell to cell, and even within the same cell they sometimes were quite heterogeneous. They were liberated from the acinar cells by an apocrine process, so that droplets with intact limiting membranes were often observed in the acinar lumen. These droplets soon lysed, their contents fusing into streams of mucus. Occasionally during apocrine secretion a mucous cell failed to reconstitute its apical surface, and its entire contents spilled into the acinar lumen.Unusual cytoplasmic inclusions were present in many of the acinar cells. These inclusions, which were surrounded by a single membrane, consisted of lipid droplets closely associated with bundles of fine filaments.
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    The involvement of nurse cells in oogenesis and embryonic development in the marine sponge, Haliclona ecbasisThis paper is based on a dissertation submitted to the Graduate School of Stanford University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, November, 1967. This work was supported in part by USPHS Predoctoral Fellowship 1 F1 GM-19,267-1. (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 127 (1969), S. 133-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Oogenesis and embryonic development in the marine sponge, Haliclona ecbasis, were studied using standard histological procedures.When the oocytes reach a diameter of about 30 μ, nurse cells begin to aggregate around them. Then when the oocytes are about 36 μ in diameter, they begin to engulf the associated nurse cells. Whole nurse cells are engulfed; and although the nucleus of the nurse cells disappears either as or soon after the cells are engulfed, the cytoplasm remains essentially unchanged. The accumulation of these cells within the oocytes most of the cytoplasm is nurse cell cytoplasm.During cleavage of the egg, the engulfed nurse cells are gradually fragmented, but otherwise appear unchanged. At the same time the cytoplasm of the nurse cells is progressively incorporated into that of the blastomeres by what appears to be fusion process. When the latter process is complete, the embryo develops into a typical parenchymula larva.
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  • 71
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    Masthead (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 128 (1969) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051280301
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  • 72
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    Quantitative and functional studies on the hands of the anthropoidea. I. The Hominoidea (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 128 (1969), S. 309-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The hands of the Hominoidea evidence four adaptive modes which distinguish the lesse apes (Hylobatidae), the orangutan (Pongo), the African apes (Pan), and man (Homo) from one another. The hands of the apes consist of compromises between manipulatory and locomotor functions because selection has operated for precision of grip as well as for special locomotor mechanisms. The human hand is almost totally devoted to manipulation. The hands of gibbons, orangutans and the African apes differ in many features that may be correlated with locomotion. The gibbons and siamang are specially adapted for ricochetal arm-swinging. The great apes possess morphological adaptations for arboreal foraging and climbing distinct from those of the hylobatids. In addition, the African apes have become secondarily adapted for terrestrial quadrupedal locomotion. Many features that distinguish the hands of chimpanzees and gorillas may be associated with the development of efficient knuckele-walking propulsive and support mechanisms.
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    Special cutaneous receptor organs of fish: IV. Ampullary organs of the nonelectric catfish, KryptopterusAided by a grant from The National Science Foundation. Contribution 168 from the Institute of Cellular Biology. (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 128 (1969), S. 291-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Ampullary organs of the transparent catfish, Kryptopterus bicirrhus, are present in large numbers on the head and in a regular pattern of lines on the body and fins. The organs lie in the epidermis, and have a pore that opens to the surface. Flattened cells form a roof and walls. On the floor of the organ there are a “sensory hillock,” composed of spherical receptor cells and columnar supporting cells, and a “secretory hillock” composed of columnar secretory cells. The receptor cells are nonciliated and have only afferent innervation. The organ cavity is filled with jelly. The organs are compared with ampullary organs of the weakly electric fish Eigenmannia, ampullae of Lorenzini of Raja, and small pit organs of Amiurus. Structural characteristics of the ampullary organs of Kryptopterus make them especially suitable for electrophysiological studies.
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    A comparative study of the adrenergic innervation of the iris and ciliary structures in 18 species in phylogenesisWilmer Ophthalmological Institute, W. K. Kellogg Foundation Laboratories, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205. The publication was supported by NIH Research grant NB-06561-01 from National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness. (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 128 (1969), S. 387-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A detailed topography of adrenergic innervation in invertebrates (lobster), low vertebrates (fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds), and nine species of mammals is presented. Flack and Hillarp's specific fluorescent histochemical method using freeze-dried material was used. Phylogenetically, adrenergic innervation appeared earlier under the ciliary epithelium and in the muscle than surrounding the vessels, and in all species many fibers were without any connection to the vessel walls. Adrenergic innervation was very rich in the dilator muscle extending toward the epithelium of the posterior chamber; a surprisingly rich network was found in the sphincter muscle and also in ciliary spaces of some species. Numerous fluorescent mast cells were visualized in the pecten of the bird eye and in the ciliary tissue of the sheep and cow.
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    An autoradiographic analysis of yolk deposition in the cortex of the cecropia moth oocyteSupported by grants from Phi Beta Psi Sorority, the National Institutes of Health (RG-8977), and the National Science Foundation (GB-4463). (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 129 (1969), S. 1-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The cecropia moth oocyte accumulates proteins from the blood during vitellogenesis; the proteins reach the oocyte by an intercellular route, are taken in by pinocytosis, and become components of the protein yolk spheres. Different proteins vary greatly in the extent to which they are incorporated into the yolk spheres. One objective of the work described in this paper was to determine where the selectivity of protein uptake occurs. An autoradiographic analysis of the uptake of tritiated blood proteins injected into the hemocoel indicated that there are at least two sites of selectivity - one between the hemocoel and the intercellular spaces of the follicular epithelium that surrounds each oocyte, and another between the intercellular spaces and the yolk spheres. Another objective was to determine if only proteins from the blood are deposited in the protein yolk spheres. Studies of the incorporation of tritiated leucine provided evidence that the ovary itself synthesizes proteins that are deposited in the yolk spheres along with the blood proteins. Finally, evidence is presented that the various regions of the oocyte cortex are not equally active in the deposition of yolk.
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    Analysis of the embryonic sources and mechanisms of development of posterior levels of chick neural tubes (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 128 (1969), S. 465-501 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The mechanisms of development of posterior levels of neural tubes of chick embryos were analyzed by study of serial cross-sections of a continuous series of normal embryos between 40 to 72 hours of incubation. Two extirpation experiments were performed in ovo on other embryos of the same stages. Descriptive studies revealed the presence of an overlap zone in which two types of neural tube formation occurred. Open neural tube formation (by fusion of neural folds) occurred dorsally in this region; closed neural tube formation (by canalization of solid medullary cord tissue) occurred ventrally. Extirpation of the posterior end of the neural plate produced defects within the lumbosacral region, indicating that the posterior neural plate participates in the formation of the lumbosacrum, and that the overlap zone is therefore in the lumbosacral region. Extirpation of the prospective neural tissue in the anterior end of the tail bud indicated that only the most posterior levels of the neural tube originate exclusively by cavitation of the tail bud. In both extirpation experiments a neural tube formed independently within the tail bud tissue, indicating that formation of the neural tube in this region is not dependent upon direct continuity with neural tissue anteriorly.
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    The ontogeny of interstitial cells in Pennaria tiarella (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 129 (1969), S. 81-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The interstitial cells of Pennaria tiarella differentiate exclusively from the central endoderm of the planula. Shortly after their appearance, most of the interstitial cells become cnidoblasts. Subsequently, as the larva transforms into a polyp, both cnidoblasts and interstitial cells migrate from the endoderm, through endoblast and mesoglea, into the ectoderm. It is suggested that some interstitial cells remain in the endoderm and differentiate into the gland and mucous cells of the polyp gastroderm.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051290106
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    The descriptive use of neighborhood limited classification in functional morphology: An analysis of the shoulder in primates (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 129 (1969), S. 127-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A series of dimensions of the shoulder girdle of primates has previously been chosen as being related to function in that anatomical region. Their examination by canonical analysis suggests that they do indeed reflect aspects of the use of the shoulder in locomotion in the different primates.Further analysis is here performed using the technique of neighborhood limited classification and this confirms the basic picture presented by the previous analysis. The new method also gives more detailed information about the grouping of the specimens; thus it endorses the reality of functional divisions that appear to exist in the data. And in addition the groupings reflect differences in the structure of the shoulder that correlate well with certain taxonomic subdivisions of the order. The method maintains contact with individual specimens throughout the analysis and is capable of placing them within groups, at the boundaries of groups, within the interfaces between groups, or as satellites to groups.The new method appears to have a part to play in the description of the relationships between biological objects that is complementary to that of canonical analysis. As the mathematical concepts upon which the two techniques are based differ totally, the risk that the results might be inherent in statistical assumptions is thus averted.
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    Masthead (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 129 (1969) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051290301
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    Oogenesis in the annelid Enchytraeus albidus with special reference to the origin and cytochemistry of yolkResearch sponsored by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission under contract with the Union Carbide Corporation. (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 129 (1969), S. 317-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In the annelid Enchytraeus albidus the ovary is composed of packets containing eight synchronously developing oocytes. Each oocyte in the packet is connected, via a bridge, to a common cytoplasmic mass. Developmental synchrony of oocytes within individual packets is probably related to the ooplasmic continuity.The young previtellogenic oocyte contains many polysomes, a few cisternae of smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, small Golgi complexes, and mitochondria. Many of the mitochondria are dumbbell-shaped and may thus represent division stages.Vitellogenesis is marked by the appearance of peripherally located lipid yolk and small, densely staining granules scattered throughout the ooplasm. There is an increase of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and enlarged Golgi elements. Small multivesicular-like bodies, the early stages of developing yolk, are derived from the Golgi complex. The mature yolk sphere is bipartite and consists of (a) a variable number of dense spheres, the core bodies, which are produced in the ooplasm by the Golgi complex and which become embedded in (b) a dense matrix. The electron opaque tracer, horseradish peroxidase is incorporated into the oocyte and deposited in the matrix suggesting that this component of the yolk sphere is obtained by micropinocytosis. Enzyme digestions and various cytochemical techniques suggest that the core bodies are rich in carbohydrate, probably as glyco- or mucoproteins, and that the matrix is rich in lipid.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051290305
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    Electron microscopy of the normal and I131 treated thyroid gland of the newt, Notophthalmus viridescens (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 128 (1969), S. 369-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The fine structure of the thyroid of the newt, Notophthalmus viridescens, was studied with the electron microscope. Specimens were injected I.P. with 30 μc of I131 and sample thryoids were examined at 12 hour intervals thereafter. The ultrastructure of the normal thyroid gland is described, and compared with that of the irradiated glands. The first visible ultrastructural change observed after injection of the radioiodin was a striking alteration of nuclear morphology. This effect was followed by an increase in the frequency of whorled lamellar structures, a decrease in the number of microvilli, and degeneration of the Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum. Further effects observed included an increase in the number of large cytoplasmic granules and a decrease in the number of smaller ones, the presence of autophagic vacuoles, and finally, an increase in the number of degenerated mitochondria.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051280306
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    Evidence for the fusion of myoblasts in amphibian embryos. I. Homoplastic transplantations of somitic material labeled with tritiated thymidineSupported by United States Public Health Service Graduate Training grant GM 658, and National Science Foundation grant GB-2125, awarded to Professor Johannes Holtfreter.Submitted to the University of Rochester in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 128 (1969), S. 403-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In order to obtain more direct evidence for the occurrence of myoblast fusion in the developing amphibian embryo, the following transplantations were performed in vitro. The nuclei of early embryos. Ambystoma tigrinum and A. maculatum, were labeled with tritiated thymidine. Portions of prospective somite areas from these labeled donors were grafted homoplastically and orthotopically into unlabeled hosts of the same, or nearly the same, stage. The stages employed were: neurula, early tail bud, and late tail bud. Hosts were raised until they had developed into more advanced larval forms, fixed, sectioned, and prepared for radioautographic processing according to the customary procedures.The histological preparations contained varying numbers of multinucleate myotubes of a “composite” nature: that is, individual myotubes contained labeled nuclei of the donor, side by side with unlabeled nuclei of the host. There was no doubt that the mononucleate myoblasts of the grafts had fused with those of the host species to form the mutlinucleate composite myotubes.In addition to the above determinations, the method of thymidine labeling has proven to be a satisfactory method of tracing, in the context of the intact organism, somitic cell derivatives up to the feeding larval stage. Mesenchymal cells from the grafted labeled somitic tissues were consequently found in: dermatomic, sclerotomic and intermyotomic locations; the matrix of the dorsal fin; the limb bud; the abdominal muscles.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051280403
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    Cellular organization and ferritin uptake in the mid-gut epithelium of a moth, Ephestia kühniellaThe work described in this paper was carried out during a graduate course in Cell Biology, conducted in Spring 1966 by the senior author, in the Biology Department, University of Virginia. (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 127 (1969), S. 41-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The fine structure of the mid-gut epithelium and regenerative cells of larvae of a moth (Ephestia kühniella) is described. Particular attention is paid to the absorptive and goblet cells and their lateral junctions; these features are discussed in terms of the digestive and regulatory functions of the epithelium. One digestive pathway has been investigated with the aid of ingested ferritin; intake of this marker by endocytosis and the evident involvement of Golgi vesicles in the transformation of endocytic vesicles into multivesicular bodies, together with the fate of the latter, are discussed in terms of the digestive function of this part of the alimentary tract and of the lysosome concept.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051270104
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    The biology of cartilage. I. Invertebrate cartilages: Limulus gill cartilage (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 128 (1969), S. 67-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The endoskeletal structure supporting the gill-books of Limulus polyphemus has been investigated by means of light and electron microscopy, chemical analysis and x-ray diffraction. This tissue is a cartilage which has significant correspondences with both vertebrate cartilage and plant tissues. Morphologically, the Limulus cartilage resembles certain cellular vertebrate cartilages with relatively scant matrix, and also certain plant parenchyme, collenchyme and sclerenchyme tissues. Of particular interest, was the observation that during cytoplasmic division, a phragmasome-like structure appears between the daughter cells of the dividing gill cartilage cells. This phragmasome-like structure appears to be a precursor of new matrix (cell-wall) formation between the young chondrocytes, in much the same fashion as its counterpart in plant tissues. Perichondrial cells and underlying chondrocytes contain lipid droplets, abundant glycogen and ribosomes, as do corresponding vertebrate cartilage cells. In some of the Limulus cells, glycogen and ribosomes appear to be admixed with lipid, forming aggregates in which all three materials are in intimate intraparticulate relationship. During molting, the number of ribosomes seen in chondrocytes increases. The tissue contains both hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine, and gives a weak x-ray diffraction pattern.
    Additional Material: 28 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051280104
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    Morphologic variation in the mandible of the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus): A study of populational skeletal variation by principal component and canonical analyses (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 128 (1969), S. 113-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A principal component analysis revealed that the two major components of mandibular shape variation among individuals within breeding groups of white-tailed deer in Canada and the United States involve contrasts between the mandible and the dentition and between the premolars and the molars. Size variation appeared to account for 34% of the total variation within the groups, and the two major shape variations accounted for 23% and 8% respectively.A canonical analysis was used to identify the major components of mandibular variation among the breeding groups and to provide measures of the proportion of the total variation accounted for by each component. Among male groups, size variation was associated with latitude, and the major shape variation was closely associated with longitude, so a bivariate plot of the first two canonical variates reflected the general geographic orientation of the populations.The mandibular size in a Tennessee population that descended from Wisconsin and Michigan ancestors appears to have not decreased appreciably in the more southerly habitat after introduction more than 20 years ago. Changes in range conditions in eastern Upper Michigan over the past 30 years have not influenced local mandibular morphology as reflected by the first two canonical variates. Regardless of general smallness of individuals, the mandibular morphology of the deer from the Cross Timbers area in Kansas appears to approximate more closely that of northern populations than that of the more southerly populations from Oklahoma and Texas.Sexual dimorphism on the first two canonical axes was observed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051280106
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    Ultrastructural and functional changes during metamorphosis of a proleg muscle and its innervation in Galleria mellonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralididae)Based on part of a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in the Department of Entomology and Parasitology, University of California, Berkeley. (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 128 (1969), S. 171-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Structural and functional changes have been correlated during metamorphic degeneration of a single muscle fiber, the plantar retractor of G. mellonella, its axon, and their junctions to determine which features persist as long as muscle contractility. Changes commence simultaneously in muscle and nerve near cuticular attachments, and spread towards the center. Alterations associated with the muscle, including appearance of collapsed tracheoles and mitochondria with dense bodies, begin late in the last larval instar. Within 12 hours after pupal ecdysis some tracheolar withdrawal occurs, sarcoplasmic reticulum becomes reduced, and many mitochondria have dense bodies, dense membranes, or are enlarged. By 17-19 hours primary myofilaments and striations begin to disappear, microtubules and autophagic vacuole-like bodies appear, and phagocytes invade the muscle. It remains partially contractile upon electrically stimulating its nerve, the ventral nerve, until these changes spread throughout the fiber.Neuromuscular junction changes, including appearance of dense mitochondria and isolation bodies, begin late in the last larval instar. Junctions become fewer, and none remain in those muscle areas where tracheoles, sarcoplasmic reticulum, and primary myofilaments have disappeared.Preliminary studies on nerve discharge activity to the muscle suggest that nerve silence occurs at approximately the time when the muscle loses all contractility. In some axons isolation bodies appear and neurotubules are lost, other axons remain unchanged, and new ones develop later in the pupal state. Phagocytes invade the neural lamella and it disappears in the late pupa, but it reappears in the adult.The adult ventral nerve has over three times more axons and a thinner layer of glial cells than the larval nerve.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051280204
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    Special cutaneous receptor organs of fish: III. The ampullary organs of EigenmanniaAided by a grant from the National Science Foundation. Contribution 167 from the Institute of Cellular Biology. (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 128 (1969), S. 261-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Ampullary receptor organs of the South American weakly electric gymnotid fish Eigenmannia virescens consist of a pore at the surface of the skin, a canal through the epidermis, and the expanded basal end of the canal in the corium. The cavity of the organ contains a jelly that is filled with fine fibers. The canal wall consists of three to six layers of flattened cells that appear to be derived from the adjacent skin. Along the lumen of the organ the cells are joined by tight junctions. Usually there are four spherical receptor cells in the base of the organ. They are innervated by single neural terminals. These organs are compared to tuberous receptor organs found in the same species, and the functional significance of the fine structure observed in these cells is discussed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051280302
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    Masthead (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 128 (1969) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051280401
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    The fine structure of campaniform sensilla on the halteres of Drosophila melanogaster (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 128 (1969), S. 443-463 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The campaniform sensilla on halteres of Drosophila were studied by electron microscopy in order to establish the relationships of functional elements in the sensory system. The surface of the sensillum consists of an oval cuticular cap membrane which may contain resilin, the rubberlike protein. A border of denser cuticle rings the cap membrane, and extending down around the neural process is a third type of cuticle filled with a fourth light fibrous type. The four cuticular components form a system for displacement of the neural process. The neural process is differentiated into a terminal fan-shaped structure projecting from a bulbous dilatation which tapers to a neck region ending proximally with two basal bodies. The neural process is packed with microtubules. Surrounding the dendrite is an inner enveloping cell, attached to the basal body region by septate desmosomes and by desmosomes to which microtubules of the enveloping cell are applied. An outer enveloping cell surrounds the inner one. The tip of the neural process is covered with a dense secretion which is tightly bound to the cap membrane. The dense secretion is surrounded by an extracellular fluid which might be compressed hydraulically by the cuticular system. The stimulus of cuticular distortion could thus be transmitted to the neural process which may be displaced between its fixed ends.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051280405
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    Masthead (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 129 (1969) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051290101
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    The food pump of Aphelocheirus aestivalis F. as compared with that of typical Naucoridae (Heteroptera) (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 129 (1969), S. 17-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The heteropteran cibarium forms a sucking pump which conveys fluid foods into the pharynx. The food pumps of Hydrocorisae have the additional function of grinding or filtering particulate matter; they contain ridges, hairs, and sclerotized processes which have probably evolved at least twice among the hydrocorisine families. Aphelocheirus, like the Naucoridae, possesses a modified anteclypeus and a tripartite type of food pump. The main sucking action occurs in the pump's anterior and posterior regions, while the middle region is specialized for grinding and filtering. The anteclypeus has broadened and fused with other parts of the cranium, and is thus braced against the pull of the powerful cibarial dilator muscles. In the Naucoridae the three regions of the pump have the same functions as those of Aphelocheirus. The pumps of the five naucorid genera here studied are structurally very similar to each other but differ considerably from that of Aphelocheirus. Cibarial morphology, as well as respiratory differences, thus supports the contention that Aphelocheirus is not a member of the Naucoridae but should be placed in a separate family.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051290103
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    Masthead (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 129 (1969) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051290201
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    A comparative study of the ring glands from wild type and 1(2)gl mutant Drosophila melanogaster (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 129 (1969), S. 171-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Drosophila melanogaster homozygous for the second chromosomal, recessive lethal gene 1(2)gl form puparia much later than wild type (+) and are unable to metamorphose. Implantation of + ring glands accelerates puparium formation by 1(2)gl hosts. The ring gland is a compound structure containing the prothoracic glands (pg), corpus allatum (ca), and corpus cardiacum (cc). An electron microscopic study demonstrates that in both the pg and ca the most common subcellular component is smooth surfaced endoplasmic reticulum (ser). In + flies the amount of ser per pg increases by ten times during the four hour prepupal period. In 1(2)gl flies which have spent two days in the prepupal period the pg looks juvenile and contains only 1% the amount of ser per cell found in the + prepupal pg. The ca cells look alike in both + and 1(2)gl individuals, and the cortical cells of the cc in both contain abundant neurosecretory spheres. We suggest that the + allele of 1(2)gl indirectly influences the synthesis of ser by the pg and that this is the site where dietary cholesterol is transformed to ecdysone.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051290204
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    Cytochemical and fine structural analysis of oogenesis in the gastropod, Ilyanassa obsoletaThis investigation was supported by a grant (GM 08776) to one of us (EA) from the National Institutes of Health, United States Public Health Service. (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 129 (1969), S. 211-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: An analysis of differentiating oocytes of the gastropod, Ilyanassa obsoleta, has been made by techniques of light and electron microscopy. Early previtellogenic oocytes are limited by a smooth surfaced oolemma and are associated with each other by maculae adhaerentes. Previtellogenic oocytes are also distinguished by a large nucleus containing randomly dispersed aggregates of chromatin. Within the ooplasm are Golgi complexes, mitochondria and a few cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. When vitellogenesis begins, the oolemma becomes morphologically specialized by the formation of microvilli. One also notices an increase in the number of organelles and inclusions such as lipid droplets. During vitellogenesis there is a dilation of the saccules of the Golgi complexes and cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum. Associated with the Golgi complexes are small protein-carbohydrate yolk precursors encompassed by a membrane. These increase in size by fusing with each other. The “mature” yolk body is a membrane-bounded structure with a central striated core and a granular periphery. At maturity a major portion of the ooplasmic constituents such as as mitochondria and lipid droplets occupy the animal region while the bulk of the population of yolk bodies are situated in the vegetal hemisphere.The follicle cells incompletely encompass the developing oocyte. In addition to the regularly occurring organelles, follicle cells are characterized by the presence of large quantities of rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complexes whose saccules are filled with a dense substance. Associated with the Golgi saccules are secretory droplets of varied size.Amongst the differentiating oocytes and follicle cells are Leydig cells. These cells are characterized by a large vacuole containing glycogen. A possible function for the follicle and Leydig cells is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051290206
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    A fine structural analysis of the statocyst in Aplysia californicaThis research is partially supported by grant GB-3595 from the National Science Foundation and grant 1-RO1-NB07711-01 from the U.S.P.H.S. The author is a recipient of career development award 5-KO3-GM-31754-02. (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 127 (1969), S. 113-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Each statocyst in Apylsia californica contains 13 neurons. The statocyst nerve, which connects each statocyst to the cerebral ganglion, contains only the 13 axons of the statocyst neurons. The size of the statocyst, the number of neurons in the statocyst, and the average axonal diameter does not change even though the statocyst nerve lengthens greatly as the animal enlarges. A description of the statoconia and the supporting cells in this organ has been given. This prepazation may be useful for microelectrode studies designed to test whether the gap and cytoplasmic specializations that are used to identify active synapses, are necessary for all types of chemical synaptic transmission.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051270107
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    Tooth attachment by means of a periodontium in the trigger-fish (Balistidae) (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 127 (1969), S. 1-5 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Tooth attachment in the majority of the bony fish is by ankylosis or fibrous membrane. However, in one group of the osteichthys, the trigger-fish or balistids, tooth attachment is by means of a periodontium composed of a shallow alveolar socket, a periodontal ligament and acellular cementum.Histologically, the balistid periodontal ligament is composed of a dense fibro-cellular connective tissue possessing an abundance of typical fibrocytes, collagen fiber bundles, and oxytalan fibers. The collagen fiber bundles which resemble the principal fiber bundles of the mammalian periodontal ligament are inserted into the bone of the shallow alveolar sockets and are anchored to the teeth by means of a layer of amorphous acellular cementum that covers the radicular dentin. No cementoblasts were found in functional teeth, and epithelial rests are lacking. The mid-central zone of the balistid periodontal ligament is occupied by small blood vessels.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051270102
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    Observations on the origin of two substances produced by the vitellaria in Gorgoderina attenuata (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 127 (1969), S. 431-438 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The vitelline cells in Gorgoderina attenuata produce two qualitatively distinct substances. One substance assumes the form of individual, dense, osmiophilic globules. Many globules are contained in a single vesicle. The other substance is an amorphous mass of medium density that completely fills a vesicle.Observations indicate that the dense, osmiophilic globules develop in association with a system of small, contiguous, ribosome-free vesicles. It is suggested that this system of vesicles constitute a Golgi apparatus for these cells.The amorphous mass substance develops in vesicles which appear to be derived from endoplasmic reticulum. Close association between the amorphous mass vesicle and mitochondria are commonly observed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051270404
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    Structure of the apical cells of the testis of the tenebrionid beetles: Tenebrio molitor and Zophobas rugipes (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 127 (1969), S. 409-429 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The developmental cytology of the apical tissue of the testis of Tenebrio molitor and Zophobas rugipes was studied with light and electron microscopy. In the early larvae of both species the tisue was found to be a thickened protrusion of nongerminal cells appearing at the apical end of each testis follicle following gonadal differentiation. The cells persist through pupal and adult stages in both species, becoming more prominent at these stages in Z. rugipes, despite tracheal invasion in both species. In older adults the apical tissue regresses and ultimately distintegrates.Ultrastructurally the apical cells are distinguished from adjacent germinal cells by their (1) small, rounded or oval nuclei, (2) highly convoluted plasma membrane, (3) electron-opaque cytoplasm, (4) profuse concentrically-stacked, granular endoplasmic reticulum, (5) large aggregates of glycogen-like granules, (6) numerous small, tubular mitochondria, (7) well-developed Golgi centers and (8) striking arrays of microtubules. These cells have many cytological features in common with the androgenic gland cells of crustaceans, but not with the steroidogenic cells of vertebrates. Evidence for the formation of protein granules is also lacking. As yet, experimental procedures have not indicated an endocrine function for these cells in tenebrionids. However, their cytology is consistent with secretory activity of some kind.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051270403
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    The structure of the rectal pads of Periplaneta americana L. With regard to fluid transport (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 127 (1969), S. 475-509 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The rectum of Periplaneta americana L. is lined with cuticle and has six radially arranged cushion-shaped thickenings, the rectal pads, composed of columnar cells. Narrow strips of simple rectal cells lie between the pads. Tall junctional cells form a thin but continuous collar around the pads where they join the rectal cells. The epithelium is surrounded by a layer composed of circular and longitudinal muscles and connective tissue. This layer of muscle and connective tissue is innervated and tracheated, and is separated from the pad surface by a subepithelial sinus. Fluid flowing through the sinus enters the haemolymph through openings in the muscle layer whre large tracheae penetrate. These openings can be sealed by muscle contractions that appress the muscle around the openings against the pad surface. The tracheae pass on into the pads, following basement membrne-lined indentations of the pad surface. Within the pad tracheolar cells send fine branches between the cells. Near the apical and basal surfaces the lateral membranes of pad cells are bridged by septate desmosomes that form a continuous band around the cells. Between apical and basal septate desmosomes is an interconnected labyrinthine system of intercellular spaces. There are three kinds of space, dilations and apical sinuses, both of variable size, and narrow communicating channels about 200 Å wide. The membranes of the latter have mitochondria closely associated with them. Continuity between the system of spaces and the subepithelial sinus is established by the basement membrane-lined invaginations of the basal surface where tracheae penetrate between pad cells. Apical surfaces of the pad cells are highly infolded and are also associated with mitochondria. However, unlike the lateral membranes facing the narrow channels, the apical membranes have a cytoplasmic coating of particles. Both associations of mitochondria with membranes constitute discrete structural entities that are found in many transporting epithelia, and we have termed them “plasmalemma-mitochondrial complexes.” As the rectal pads are organized into systems of spaces that ultimately open in the direction of fluid movement, existing models of solute-coupled water transport can be applied. However, the rectal pads are structurally more complex than fluid-transporting tissues of vertebrates. This complexity may be related to the ability of the rectum to withdraw water from ion-free solutions in the lumen. We present a structural model involving solute recycling to explain the physiological characteristics of rectal reabsorption.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051270407
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    Masthead (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 128 (1969) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051280201
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