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  • 1980-1984  (6,977)
  • 1981  (6,977)
  • Chemistry  (6,851)
  • Ultrastructure  (126)
  • Nuclear reactions
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epithelial ultrastructure during decidualization in rats (1981)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 163 (1981), S. 215-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Rat uterus ; Epithelium ; Ultrastructure ; Decidualization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Unilateral decidualization was induced in uteri of ovariectomized hormone-injected prepubertal and young adult rats. The antimesometrial luminal epithelia of both the decidualized and contralateral hormone-primed (non-decidual) control uteri were examined and compared by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Epithelial cells of control uteri were columnar and they had many short microvilli on their luminal surfaces. Nuclei of these cells were round or oval and euchromatic, and other organelles were intact. In decidualized uteri luminal epithelial cells were flat and attenuated, were of greater average widths and possessed fewer microvilli. Some evidence of the degenerative changes which normally follow maximal decidual development in this region of the uterus could be seen within the flattened epithelial cells. The degenerative alterations were nuclear and cytoplasmic. Increase in lipid was observed in epithelial cells of decidualized uteri. This accumulation of intracellular lipid probably resulted from ingestion by the epithelial cells of intraluminally injected sesame oil, according to the protocol for stimulating decidualization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00320677
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The placenta of the pig (1981)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 163 (1981), S. 43-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Porcine placenta ; Areolae ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the areolae in the porcine placenta is described. The areolae occur on day 30 of pregnancy as a dome-shaped formation over the openings of the uterine glands. The lumen of the areolae is filled with the secretions of the uterine glands, the so-called histiotroph. The areolae lining epithelium is high collumnar, possesing long microvilli, a well-developed apical tubular system and numerous coated vesicles. This indicates that the epithelium has a high absorptive capacity. Our histochemical investigations reveal a high content of glycoproteins within the areolar lumen. The importance of one of the glycoprotein components of the histiotroph, uteroferrin, is discussed in connection with iron transfer from mother to the fetus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315769
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Presence of a smooth muscle system in aortic valve leaflets (1981)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 161 (1981), S. 329-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Aortic valve ; Smooth muscle cells ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The location and the spatial arrangement of smooth muscle cells in aortic valves have been assessed by a systematic analysis of serial semithin sections of plastic embedded porcine and human aortic leaflets, combined with an electron microscope study. The investigation showed that smooth muscle cells, either single and arranged in thin bundles, and other cell types such as myofibroblasts are constantly present in the aortic valve leaflets. In addition, it was possible to devise a model of the three dimensional, specific organization of the smooth muscle bundles which can be interpreted as an intrinsic muscle system of the leaflets. As the muscular elements might play an active role in the normal functioning of the valve, their presence should be taken into account in designing (bio) prosthetic leaflets and in the evaluation of valve pathology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00301830
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some comparative quantitative data on the different (Relay and associative) thalamic nuclei in the cat (1981)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 162 (1981), S. 363-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Thalamus ; Ultrastructure ; Cat ; Quantitative analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the ventrobasal complex (VB) of the cat thalamus was investigated in order to compare the data with those obtained in other thalamic nuclei. New data are described regarding the identification of Golgi II type neurons and several forms of axo-somatic synapses. By means of a quantitative analysis the number of different profiles, distribution of interprofile contacts, synaptic densities and degree of synaptic input of the two main cell-types were defined. The quantitative data obtained in the VB complex were compared with values for the lateral geniculate body (CGL), nucleus anterior ventralis (AV-non-sensory relay thalamic nucleus) and nucleus lateralis posterior-pulvinar complex (LP-PU-associative thalamic nucleus). The quantitative data reveal that: 1. The occurrence of RL terminals is equal in the two relay nuclei (VB and AV) and three-fold higher than in the LP-PU. 2. The percentage ratio of specific terminals (RL) in the total surface area in the relay nuclei is three-fold higher than in the LP-PU. 3. The RL→D synapses are twice as numerous in the relay nuclei as in the associative nucleus. 4. The density of synaptic RS profiles in VB is half of that found in LP-Pu. 5. In the thalamic relay nuclei the number of synaptic contacts on Golgi II type neurons is one-third of the synaptic supply of relay neurons; in the LP-Pu the amount of synaptic contacts on Golgi II type neuron approaches the synaptic supply of projective neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00299979
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An ultrastructural study of the dufferentiation of skeletal muscle in the bovine fetus (1981)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 162 (1981), S. 403-417 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Muscle ; Ultrastructure ; Differentiation ; Growth and development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The differentiation of skeletal muscle was studied by electron microscopy in bovine fetuses from 47 days gestation to neonatal calves 3 days of age. Initally, the muscle was composed of clusters of myotubes with mononucleated myoblasts between them. In 2-month-old fetuses these myoblasts became apposed to the differentiating muscle cells and were enclosed within the rudimentary basal lamina of the myotubes. At this stage the clusters of myotubes consisted of central, larger diameter, more differentiated myotubes and also the mononucleated satellite cells. The differentiated myotubes separated from the clusters accompanied by satellite cells which continued proliferating and fused together to form new generations of satellite myotubes. In this manner new clusters of myotubes were formed. By 4–5 months some of the separating myotubes began to form individual myotubes and independent myofibers were prominent in fetuses of 5–8 months of age. The myofibers in the 8-month-old fetuses showed diversification into fiber types by differences in the thickness of the Z-line, the prominence of the sarcotubular system, the amount of glycogen and lipid droplets and also the number of mitochondria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00301866
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural aspects of myogenesis found in neoplasms (1981)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 54 (1981), S. 315-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Myogenesis ; Neoplasms ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of myogenic cells occurring in neoplasms was investigated and aspects of differentiation (myofilament interactions and organization, and sarcotubular development) were characterized. The stages of muscle differentiation present were extremely similar to those reported during human fetal development prior to innervation. Exceptions, however, being: (1) the presence of fewer multinucleated cells; (2) the general lack of cell elongation and its apparent effect on myofibril orientation; and (3) evidence of a higher number of myofilaments in mononucleated cells. The findings were compared to those reported in normal human fetal development, human myogenic cells in vitro and the literature on mammalian and avian muscle development and discussed with regard to the influence of tension and innervation. The significance of degenerating myogenic cells found in these neoplasms is also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697006
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An unusual organelle in a case of duchenne muscular dystrophy (1981)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 54 (1981), S. 329-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Muscular dystrophy, Duchenne type ; Ultrastructure ; Satellite cell
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A new organelle found in a case of Duchenne muscular dystrophy is described. It was located at the periphery of a regenerated myofibre close to a satellite cell. It was roughly sperical in shape and 0.30–0.35 μm in diameter. Its internal structure was examined in serial and tilted sections, and consisted of parallel arrays of laminae or, possibly, filaments. The nature of the organelle is briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697009
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Meningiomas with a non-meningotheliomatous component (1981)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 55 (1981), S. 199-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Meningioma ; “Pseudopsammoma bodies” ; Ultrastructure ; Intracytoplasmic lumina ; Hyaline inclusions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Seven cases of meningiomas with “pseudopsammoma bodies” have previously been described in the literature. Two additional cases are presented. Electron microscopy of the cells surrounding the “pseudopsammoma bodies” reveals an ultrastructure different from that of the meningotheliomatous cells. It is concluded that meningotheliomatous meningiomas with “pseudopsammoma bodies” are mixed tumours, including a non-meningotheliomatous component, the origin and significance of which is uncertain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691319
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiple system atrophy with neuronal intranuclear hyaline inclusions (1981)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 54 (1981), S. 113-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Multisystem atrophy ; Neuronal intranuclear ; Hyaline inclusions ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An 18-year-old girl died following a slowly progressive neurodegenerative disease of nine years duration. At 9 years of age, she developed intellectual deterioration associated with speach difficulty, pseudobulbar palsy and ataxia. The progression included spastic quadriplegia, anarthria, severe dysphagia, ophthalmoplegia, and pes cavus. There was no family history. The brain was uniformly small and the substantia nigra was not pigmented. Neuronal loss and gliosis involving globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, thalamic nuclei, brain stem, cerebellum, and spinal cord gave the picture of multisystem atrophy. Intranuclear hyaline inclusions were observed in numerous neurons of the central and peripheral nervous system. These were auto-fluorescent and were made up of intermingled straight filaments (8–9 nm in diameter). Only two previously reported cases showing these same inclusions are known. They are reviewed, compared, and discussed in relation to primary neuronal degenerations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00689403
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pathology of rabies: A light- and electron-microscopical study with particular reference to the changes in cases with prolonged survival (1981)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 54 (1981), S. 247-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Human rabies ; Negri bodies ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Light-and electron-microscopical studies were conducted on necropsy material from six cases of rabies encephalitis including three with the unusual feature of surviving for over 14 days as a result of intensive medical care. This included administration of antiviral agents and interferon inducers and prevention of hypoxia by intermittent positive pressure ventilation. In all these cases, typical Negri bodies were demonstrated. Inflammatory reaction was absent or minimal. Unlike the cases with short survival where Negri bodies were infrequently seen and restricted mostly to the hippocampus, in cases with prolonged survival, they were present in large number, widely distributed throughout the grey matter of the brain. The associated inflammatory reaction in these cases, however, did not keep pace with the increase in number of inclusion bodies. Peripheral neuritis was observed in two of these cases, which also showed myelitis involving the cervical region and inflammation of dorsal root ganglia. One of them showed necrosis and severe inflammation of the lower cervical sympathetic ganglion. An electron-microscopical study conducted in four cases showed three forms of the inclusion body in the cytoplasm of neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687748
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural and cytochemical characteristics of cultured rat Schwann cells (1981)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 54 (1981), S. 135-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cultured Schwann cells ; Ultrastructure ; Cytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Schwann cell cultures were established from sciatic nerve of 3 day-old rats. Described are the ultrastructural, histochemical and ultracytochemical properties of amyelic cultured rat Schwann cells. Ultrastructural characteristics of the cultured Schwann cells are compared to the Schwann cells of 3 day-old and adult rat sciatic nerve. These findings serve as a basis for comparison when studying experimentally induced alterations in the cultured Schwann cells as well as changes due to myelination in vitro.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00689406
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Retinal amacrine cell involvement in Tay-Sachs disease (1981)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 53 (1981), S. 333-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Amacrine cell ; Tay-Sachs disease ; Ultrastructure ; Biochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural study of the retina from a patient with Tay-Sachs disease disclosed that amacrine cells as well as ganglion cells were loaded with numerous membranous cytoplasmic bodies, suggesting an accumulation of GM2 ganglioside, whereas the horizontal cells, bipolar cells, and photoreceptor cells were intact. Chromatography of lipids from the retina showed a prominent spot of GM2 ganglioside. These facts suggest that lipid metabolism in amacrine cells may be different from that in other retinal cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690376
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eccrine sweat glands are not innervated in hereditary sensory neuropathy type IV (1981)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 54 (1981), S. 199-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Hereditary sensory neuropathy ; Sweat glands ; Unmyelinated axons ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructural study of a skin biopsy in a patient afflicted with hereditary sensory neuropathy type IV (congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis) did not reveal any unmyelinated axons or axonal terminals around eccrine sweat glands but only proccsses, partially covered by a basement membrane and therefore resembling Schwann cell processes. The absence of such unmyelinated axons in close proximity to eccrine sweat glands where they normally occur appears to be the morphological equivalent to the anhidrosis and also corresponds to the deficiency of unmyelinated axons in the sural nerve of the same patient, as previously reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687742
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reappraisal of the fine structure of Alzheimer's neurofibrillary tangles (1981)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 54 (1981), S. 239-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Alzheimer's disease ; Neurofibrillary Tangles ; Senile dementia ; Supranuclear palsy ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Alzheimer's neurofibrillary tangles were studied by electron microscopy. The study includes four cases of Alzheimer's disease, two cases of atypical senile dementia, and one case of progressive supranuclear palsy. In Alzheimer's disease the tangles were composed of either straight filaments or paired helical filaments. In progressive supranuclear palsy the tangles were composed of 15 nm straight filaments or helical filaments. A few straight filaments were mixed with paired helical filaments. In atypical senile dementia, both straight and paired helical filaments comprised the tangles and one type of filaments appeared to intermingle with the other in the same neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687747
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of disseminated choroid plexus papilloma (1981)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 54 (1981), S. 321-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Choroid plexus papilloma (CPP) ; Malignant DCPP ; Choroid plexus endothelium ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A disseminated choroid plexus papilloma (DCPP) with a malignant change in the cervico-spinal leptomeninges observed 4 years after the removal of choroid plexus papilloma (CPP), originating from the fourth ventricle, was studied under the electron microscope. Although the ultrastructure of intracranial CPP has been reported by several authors, there are just a few reports on DCPP. The present tumor was ultrastructurally very similar to normal choroid plexus, but the lack of the capillary fenestration and of invaginations of the epithelial basal plasmalemmas suggested that the epithelium was deprived of secretory function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697007
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biochemischer und mikromorphologischer Nachweis von Lipiden in der Dünndarmschleimhaut von Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 59 (1981), S. 561-565 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Lipids ; Intestinal mucosa ; Diabetes mellitus ; Biochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Lipide ; Dünndarmschleimhaut ; Diabetes mellitus ; Biochemie ; Ultrastruktur
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Hyperlipidämien sind ein häufiger Befund bei Diabetes mellitus. Da neben der Leber auch die Dünndarmmukosa endogene Lipoproteine synthetisiert, war es von Interesse, bei 11 Erwachsenen mit juvenilem Diabetes und bei 7 Patienten mit Altersdiabetes den Lipidgehalt der Dünndarmmukosa zu bestimmen. Als Kontrolle dienten 11 nicht diabetische Patienten. Nach einer Nüchternperiode von 12–14 h erfolgte zunächst eine Blutabnahme zur Bestimmung von Nüchternblutzucker, Serumlipiden und glykosyliertem Hämoglobin AI, daraufhin wurden mittels einer hydraulischen Biopsiesonde oder endoskopisch mehrere Dünndarmbiopsien entnommen und zur biochemischen, histochemischen und elektronenoptischen Auswertung entsprechend aufgearbeitet. Biochemisch unterschieden sich die Patienten mit juvenilem und mit Altersdiabetes weder hinsichtlich der Serumlipidwerte noch der intestinalen Lipidkonzentrationen von den Kontrollpersonen. Auffallend war allerdings, daß Patienten mit Altersdiabetes eine signifikant höhere intestinale Triglyzeridkonzentration aufwiesen, als Patienten mit juvenilem Diabetes (p〈0,005). Nüchternblutzucker und Hämoglobin AI waren bei beiden Patientengruppen mäßig erhöht. Histochemisch waren sowohl bei den Patienten als auch bei den Kontrollpersonen Lipidpartikel in der Mukosa nachweisbar, allerdings mit großen individuellen Unterschieden. Elektronenoptisch unterschieden sich die Patienten mit Altersdiabetes nicht von den Kontrollen. Nur einer der Patienten mit juvenilem Diabetes zeigte gehäufte Lipidpartikel in den Zisternen des Golgi-Apparates. Somit konnte weder biochemisch, histochemisch, noch elektronenoptisch eine abnorme Lipidakkumulation in der Dünndarmschleimhaut von Patienten mit gut kontrolliertem Diabetes mellitus festgestellt werden.
    Notes: Summary Hyperlipemia is a frequent finding in diabetes mellitus. As not only the liver, but intestinal mucosa as well synthesizes endogenous lipoproteins, we have investigated the small intestinal mucosal lipid content in 11 adult patients with juvenile onset diabetes and in 7 patients with maturity onset diabetes. Eleven non-diabetic patients served as controls. After a fasting period of 12–14 h blood was drawn for determination of glucose, lipids and glycosylated hemoglobin AI. Then several small bowel biopsies were performed by an hydraulic multiple biopsy tube or endoscopically and the specimens were processed immediately for further biochemical, histochemical and electronmicroscopical workup. Patients with juvenile and with maturity onset diabetes did not differ from controls with regard to serum lipids and to intestinal mucosal lipids determined biochemically. Surprisingly, patients with maturity onset diabetes exhibited a significantly (p〈0,005) higher concentration of intestinal mucosal triglycerides than patients with juvenile onset diabetes. Fasting blood glucose and hemoglobin AI levels were slightly elevated in both groups of diabetic patients. Histochemically lipid particles were demonstrable in intestinal mucosa of diabetics and of controls with equal variability. The electronmicroscopical appearance of intestinal mucosa did not differ between diabetic patients and controls. Only in one patient with juvenile onset diabetes an accumulation of lipid particles within the cisternae of the Golgi apparatus was observed. In conclusion, neither biochemically, nor histochemically, nor electronmicroscopically an abnormal accumulation of lipids could be found in the small intestinal mucosa of patients with well controlled diabetes mellitus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01716457
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of chlorinated paraffins on rat liver microsomal activities and morphology (1981)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 49 (1981), S. 1-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Chlorinated paraffins ; Liver ; Rat ; Metabolism ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Short term effects of chlorinated paraffins with different length of the carbon chain and different degree of chlorination were investigated with respect to rat liver cytochrome P-450 mediated metabolism and liver cell morphology. When paraffins were administered by i.p. injection liver weights increased inversely with the length of the carbon chain. The short carbon chain paraffins with a high degree of chlorination increased the concentration of liver microsomal cytochrome P-450, inhibited the metabolism of 7-ethoxyresorufin but increased the metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene, especially the formation of the 4,5-diol metabolite. Short carbon chain paraffins gave rise to a proliferation of the smooth ER, increased the number of cytoplasmic fat droplets as well as the number and size of mitochondria and peroxisomes and finally induced the occurrence of autophagosomes and lysosomes. The fat droplets were preferentially degraded in lysosomes. In all respects the long carbon chain paraffins were less biologically active.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00352066
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural changes in the kidneys of rabbits treated with lead acetate (1981)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 49 (1981), S. 85-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Rabbits ; Lead acetate ; Ultrastructure ; Kidney ; Proximal tubule
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Electron microscopical studies were carried out on the kidneys of rabbits given s.c. injections of 0 (control), 0.25 or 0.50 mg lead acetate/kg b.w. 3 times a week during 14 weeks. At the end of the experimental period the animals had lead blood levels of 60, 500 and 600 μg/1 whole blood respectively. Treatment-related renal changes were found in the proximal tubules; they consisted of a dose-related increase in the amount of lysosomes in epithelial cells of the convoluted part, and of severely damaged cells and loss of brush border in the straight part. There was also an increase in lysosomal tubular inclusions, which are considered characteristic of lysosomes of the proximal tubular cells of the rabbit kidney. The significance of these findings for assessing the risk of occupational exposure to lead is briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00352076
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural studies of spontaneously regressing plane warts. Macrophages attack verruca-epidermal cells (1981)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 270 (1981), S. 403-411 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Spontaneously regressing plane warts ; Activated macrophage ; Lymphocyte ; Ultrastructure ; Spontan zurückgehende Plattenwarze ; aktivierte Makrophage ; Lymphocyte ; Ultrastruktur
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Plane Warzen in der frühesten klinischen Phase der spontanen Involution wurden elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Es wurde gezeigt, daß Makrophagen und Lymphocyten in die Epidermis einwandern und daß die Zahl der ersteren die der letzteren überschritt. Die Lymphocyten zeigten Pseudopodien an der Oberfläche und diese drangen zuweilen in die epidermischen Zellen ein. An der Berührungsfläche der Makrophagen und der epidermalen Zellen verschwanden häufig Membranen beider Zellen und gelegentlich wurde ein Teil des Cytoplasmas und auch des Nucleus der Makrophagen von den Zellen der Epidermis aufgenommen. Außerdem wurde ein davon unabhängiger partieller Verlust der Zellmembranen der Makrophagen beobachtet. Diese ultrastrukturellen Verhältnisse zeigen, daß in der spontan zurückgehenden planen Warze eine verringerte Stabilität der Makrophagenmembranen in Gegenwart von Lymphocyten sich entwickelt, wie sie in der durch BCG und anderen Ursachen zerstörten Tumorzelle beobachtet wird, und daß die spontane Involution ein Abstoßungs-Phänomen darstellen kann.
    Notes: Summary Plane warts were examined at the earliest phase of spontaneous involution using an electron microscopy. Macrophages outnumbered lymphocytes in invading the epidermis. Lymphocytes exhibited pseudopods on the surface which occasionally reached into the epidermal cells. The cell membranes of both macrophages and epidermal cells frequently disappeared on the contacting surface and on occasion part of the cytoplasm and even the nucleus of macrophages invaded the epidermal cells. The macrophages showed an independent partial loss of their cell membranes with a subsequent outpour of their contents. This ultrastructural feature indicates that in spontaneously regressing plane warts the depressed membrane stability of macrophages as observed in BCG and other-induced tumor cell destruction also occurs in the presence of lymphocytes. Therefore, the spontaneous involution may represen a rejection phenomenon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00403784
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Arthrobacter P 1, a fast growing versatile methylotroph with amine oxidase as a key enzyme in the metabolism of methylated amines (1981)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 129 (1981), S. 72-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Arthrobacter ; Facultative methylotroph ; Amine oxidase ; Catalase ; RuMP cycle of formaldehyde fixation ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A facultative methylotrophic bacterium was isolated from enrichment cultures containing methylamine as the sole carbon source. It was tentatively identified as an Arthrobacter species. Extracts of cells grown on methylamine or ethylamine contained high levels of amine oxidase (E.C. 1.4.3.) activity. Glucose- or choline-grown cells lacked this enzyme. Oxidation of primary amines by the enzyme resulted in the formation of H2O2; as a consequence high levels of catalase were present in methylamine-and ethylamine-grown cells. The significance of catalase in vivo was demonstrated by addition of 20 mM aminotriazole (a catalase inhibitor) to exponentially growing cells. This completely blocked growth on methylamine whereas growth on glucose was hardly affected. Cytochemical studies showed that methylamine-dependent H2O2 production mainly occurred on invaginations of the cytoplasmic membrane. Assimilation of formaldehyde which is generated during methylamine oxidation was by the FBP variant of the RuMP cycle of formaldehyde fixation. The absence of NAD-dependent formaldehyde and formate dehydrogenases indicated the operation of a non-linear oxidation sequence for formal-dehyde via hexulose phosphate synthase. Enzyme profiles of the organism grown on various substrates suggested that the synthesis of amine oxidase, catalase and the enzymes of the RuMP cycle is not under coordinate control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00417184
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of nitrogen limitation on the ultrastructure of the cyanobacterium Agmenellum quadruplicatum (1981)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 130 (1981), S. 204-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Agmenellum quadruplicatum ; Nitrogen starvation ; Ultrastructure ; PATO poststain ; Cyanobacteria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effects of nitrogen limitation on the ultrastructure of the unicellular cyanobacterium, Agmenellum quadruplicatum, were studied by thin sectioning transmission electron microscopy. Nitrogen became limiting for growth 14–15 h after transfer to nitrogen-limiting medium, but cultures retained full viability for at least 45 h. The c-phycocyanin: chlorophyll a ratio and cellular nitrogen content of the culture dropped rapidly after 14–15 h, as a progressive deterioration of major cell structures took place. Phycobilisomes were degraded first, followed by ribosomes and, then, thylakoid membranes. These structures were virtually depleted from the cells within 26 h. Intracellular polysaccharide accumulated in place of the normal cell structures throughout this period. Nitrogen limitation did not affect polyphosphate bodies, carboxysomes, lipid granules, the cell envelope, or the extra-cellular glycocalyx. All of the ultrastructural changes resulting from nitrogen limitation were reversed upon addition of nitrate to a starved culture. Most cell structures were restored within 3 h, and restoration was complete within 9 h.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00459520
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural events and kinetics of microcyst germination in the myxomycete Didymium iridis (1981)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 128 (1981), S. 384-389 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Didymium iridis ; Microcyst ; Excystment ; Germination ; Ultrastructure ; Mycetozoa ; Myxomycetes ; Myxamoeba
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Microcysts of the myxomycete Didymium iridis were induced to excyst by transfer to 5mM potassium phosphate buffer. After 1 h in suspension, 90% of the microcysts had germinated into myxamoebae distinguishable by phase contrast microscopy and staining with Lugol's iodine. Both pH and osmolarity affected the kinetics of excystment. The rate and extent of excystment were decreased by cycloheximide but remained unaffected by actinomycin D, suggesting a requirement for protein synthesis but not RNA synthesis. Initially, the outer wall layers separated from the inner layer, which gradually expanded and loosened. The protoplast rehydrated and reverted to a vegetative morphology. Excysting cells were characterized by nucleolar inclusions, changes in the nuclear envelope and plasma membrane, appearance of ringed cisternal elements and microbodies in the cytoplasm, and formation of a densely fibrous zone adjacent to the site of emergence. Excysting populations have been classified into characteristic stages: mature, initiated, swollen, and pre-emergent microcysts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00405917
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural study of vestibular and reticular projections to the abducens nucleus (1981)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 43 (1981), S. 253-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Oculomotricity ; Abducens nucleus ; Vestibular and reticular afferents ; Ultrastructure ; Degeneration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The origin of the synaptic boutons in the abducens nucleus was studied following lesions of the contralateral medial vestibular nucleus, the ipsilateral paramedian pontine reticular formation and the contralateral dorsomedial part of the reticular formation caudal to the abducens nucleus. Lesions in the rostral part of the contralateral medial vestibular nucleus resulted in degeneration of boutons located mainly on dendritic processes. On the other hand, lesions in both ipsilateral and contralateral reticular formations provoked degenerating terminals on the somata of the abducens neurones and on proximal dendrites in the abducens nucleus beneath the genu of the facial nerve.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238366
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of mossy fiber endings in in vitro hippocampal slices (1981)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 41 (1981), S. 247-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Hippocampal slice ; Ultrastructure ; Mossy fiber synapses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 0.2 to 0.4 mm thick slices of guinea pig hippocampus were studied morphologically after varying periods of incubation at 36 ° C in Krebs-Ringer solution. Prior to fixation, the slices were tested for the presence of synaptically driven discharges of CA 3 neurons following mossy fiber (mf) stimulation because tissue preservation was satisfactory only in slices in which electrical responses were obtained. The fine structure of the mf layer in slices was compared with the ultrastructure of this region in hippocampal tissue fixed by transcardial perfusion or immersion of the tissue in the fixative. In the central part of the slices many intact neuronal structures of the mf layer could be seen even after 4 h of incubation. In the outer parts of the slices, neurons were swollen and vacuolated. These alterations were not observed in hippocampal tissue fixed by transcardial perfusion or by immersion. In all parts of the slices dark neurons and processes were found. Since dark neurons were also numerous in tissue blocks immersed in the fixative but were rare in perfused material, these changes were obviously caused by damage to unfixed tissue and fixation by immersion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238881
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of differentiating preameloblasts from tooth germs of the permanent dentition ofMacaca mulatta andMacaca arctoides (1981)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 33 (1981), S. 603-618 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Preameloblasts ; Tooth germs ; Monkey ; Enamel ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Cytodifferentiation of inner enamel epithelium and the adjacent connective tissue from the tip of the cervical loop to the initiation of enamel elaboration in twoMacaca species was examined. Ten- to twelve-month-old specimens were fixed by perfusion and the permanent tooth buds were prepared for transmission electron microscopy. At the cervical loop proper, inner enamel epithelium cells have lobed nuclei, a paucity of cytoplasm, and wide extracellular spaces; the basal lamina facing the dental papilla is straight. With increasing distance from the tip of the cervical loop, the following changes occur gradually: (a) preameloblasts elongate from 15 to 45 µm, and their organelles, particularly mitochondria and profiles of rough endoplasmic reticulum, become more numerous; (b) extracellular spaces decrease between preameloblasts starting at the basal (infranuclear) end; (c) the basement membrane becomes convoluted and associated with aperiodic fibers; (d) preodontoblast projections penetrate the aperiodic fibers; (e) collagen fibers subjacent to the basement membrane increase in density, with particularly thick fibers paralleling the aperiodic fibers. These modifications occur within three-fourths of the distance from the tip of the cervical loop to the mineralization front. The condensation of preodontoblasts is followed immediately by predentin synthesis. Concomitantly, the basement membrane breaks down and the aperiodic fibers are engulfed by preameloblasts. Preameloblast projections penetrate junctional predentin, contact mineralized dentin, and enamel synthesis ensues. At this stage the ameloblast is 45 µm long, the nucleus is central or basal, the Golgi apparatus has migrated apically, but the Tomes' process has not yet formed. The results indicate that odontogenesis inMacaca monkeys more closely resembles human odontogenesis than does that in the murine rodents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02409498
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of fetal stem arteries of human placenta in normal pregnancy (1981)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 393 (1981), S. 133-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Term, normal human placenta ; Fetal arteries ; Ultrastructure ; Specialized processes of smooth muscle cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fetal stem arteries of the 3rd order of 50 normal placentas obtained at term of unevenful pregnancies were examined by transmission electron microscopy with the aim at providing a base-line information for the assessment of similar arteries in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. The results showed that the endothelial cells often protruded with a considerable portion of their cellular body into the lumen, and that the intercellular junctions between the neighbouring cells were confined largely to their short basal segments. Numerous myoepithelial junctions were formed between the processes of the endothelial cells and those extending from the smooth muscle cells (SMC) of the adjacent medial layer. At times the “participating” processes of the SMC were entirely enclosed within the endothelial body. Collagen fibrils increased in number between the SMC and the interstitium broadened progressively from the inner to the outer arterial layers. Small cellular processes devoided of a basement membrane and of most cytoplasmic organelles were numerous in the interstitium; these were traced to the main bodies of the medial SMC. It is postulated that the “naked” SMC-processes are susceptible to injury of a nature much more subtle than that affecting the main body of the SMC, since these processes were often swollen and appeared edematous in an otherwise innocuous mural environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431070
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural changes of bone marrow in canine cyclic hematopoiesis (CH dog) (1981)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 390 (1981), S. 93-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Cyclic hematopoiesis ; Bone marrow ; Ultrastructure ; Nuclearcytoplasmic asynchrony ; Döhle-like bodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pathogenesis of cyclic hematopoiesis (CH) in the grey collie dog is still unknown. It has been proposed that periodic bursts of necrosis of the bone marrow neutrophils would induce cyclic arrests of the stem cell differentiation. In the present study, the sequential changes undergone by the erythroid and neutrophil series of the bone marrow of CH dogs were evaluated by electron microscopy. Erythroid cells presented quantitative periodic oscillations but the morphologic features of both immature and mature cells were normal. On the contrary, nonspecific necrotic changes were observed to occur in the myeloid series. Those abnormalities, which were more marked between days 9 and 11 of the cycle, mainly involved the immature cells and, to a lesser extent, the mature neutrophils. The number of necrotic cells was variable in different cycles, but always represented a small portion of the myeloid cells. In addition, few bone marrow macrophages displayed signs of phagocytic activity containing cell debris. The ultrastructural changes of the myeloid series were accompanied by an abnormal decrease of peroxidase activity and the permanence of large acid phosphatase-positive Golgi complexes in mature neutrophils, as defined by morphologic criteria. Döhle-like arrays of rough endoplasmic reticulum were present in many cells. Our findings suggest that an asynchronic development of myelocytes occurs as a result of regulatory abnormalities related to the congenital defect of the bone marrow which interferes with the differentiation and maturation of the stem cells. Necrosis in some myeloid cells would be a secondary phenomenon rather than a causal factor for the cyclic arrest of cell maturation as has been previously submitted. Furthermore, the small size of the necrotic cell population could not justify the production of “inhibitors” in sufficient amounts as to block the normal evolution of the bone marrow stem cell pool.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00443900
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of adamantinoma of long bones (1981)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 393 (1981), S. 233-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Adamantinoma of long bone ; Ultrastructure ; Histogenesis ; Mesodermal or mesectodermal origin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electron microscopic examination of three adamantinomas of long bones revealed structures usually observed in both mesenchymal and epithelial tumours. Tumour cells showing high alkaline phosphatase activity frequently tended to line clefts in connective tissue, resembling endothelial cells. The long processes of such cells showed fenestration. In areas showing fibre production the tumour cells were in close relationship to collagen fibrils. The latter were found, together with microfibrils, between the processes and above the basement membranes. The tumour cells were interconnected by desmosomes with tonofilaments and contained numerous bundles of microfilaments. All three cases revealed tiny intracytoplasmic inclusions resembling Weibel-Palade endothelial bodies. In addition, some of the structures in the lumena contained definite acid mucosubstances. A squamous cell pattern was present in only one of the three specimens. The coincidence of divergent structures in a single specimen has led us to the conclusion that the so-called adamantinoma of long bone might be possibly related to tumours of mesodermal or mesectodermal origin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431079
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the lung (1981)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 394 (1981), S. 167-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Malignant fibrous histiocytoma ; Sarcoma ; The lung ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the lung is reported. The tumour margin was well circumscribed, showing an expanding border and no capsule. The main part of the tumour was composed of spindle-shaped fibroblast-like cells arranged in broad fascicles with a partially storiform pattern. Other parts of the tumour were arranged in a haphazard pattern, containing many mononucleated and multinucleated giant cells. Ultrastructurally six differnt cell types were encountered. The dominant type was a fibroblast-like cell; also present were many giant cells and some histiocyte-like cells, together with their intermediate forms, and few undifferentiated mesenchymal cells. We consider this tumour to have developed from the peribronchial connective tissue; it has the same cellular composition as the malignant counterpart arising in soft tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431675
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastruktur der Endokardveränderungen beim Carcinoidsyndrom (1981)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 391 (1981), S. 33-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Carcinoid heart disease (carcinoid syndrome) ; Endocardial plaque ; Endocardial lesion ; Ultrastructure ; Myofibroblast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei einer 67jährigen Patientin mit einem metastasierenden Dünndarmcarcinoid fanden sich bei der Autopsie die für das Carcinoidsyndrom typischen Endokardveränderungen der rechten Herzhöhlen. Anhand dieses Falles und des Schrifttums wird über die Ultrastruktur der endokardialen Auflagerungen beim Carcinoidsyndrom berichtet. Charakteristisch für diese Auflagerungen ist die Proliferation von glatten Muskelzellen und Myofibroblasten, die von reichlich basalmembranähnlichem Material umgeben sind und vereinzelt durch Maculae adhärentes untereinander verbunden sind. Die Grundsubstanz ist aus sauren Mucopolysacchariden, normalen kollagenen Fibrillen und Mikrofibrillen aufgebaut. Die Verdickungen unterscheiden sich morphologisch von allen anderen Endokardveränderungen, unter anderem durch das Fehlen von amorphem Elastin. Ihre Entstehung im Zusammenhang mit der endokrinen Aktivität der Carcinoide wird diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary In a 67-year-old female patient with metastasising carcinoid of the small intestine there were right-sided endocardial plaques characteristic of the carcinoid syndrome. Ultrastructurally, the lesions showed proliferation of smooth muscle cells and myofibroblasts, which were surrounded by basementmembrane-like material and occasionally showed intercellular connections of the macula adhaerens type. The ground substance consisted of acid mucopolysaccharides, normal collagen fibrils, and microfibrils. The endocardial plaques in the carcinoid syndrome differ morphologically from other endocardial lesions by the lack of amorphous elastin. The formation of plaques and its relation to the endocrine activity of the carcinoid tumors is discussed, and pertinent literature is reviewed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00589793
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Meningeal granulocytic sarcoma without evidence of leukemia (1981)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 392 (1981), S. 111-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Granulocytic sarcoma ; Chloroma ; Meningeal sarcoma ; Ultrastructure ; Myelogenous leukemia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An unusual case of meningeal granulocytic sarcoma without evidence of Leukemia is presented. The patient, a 40 year old female, presented with a chronic subdural haematoma. Three months later a large meningeal tumor was discovered adjacent to the previous haematoma and was found to be a granulocytic sarcoma by the use of electron microscopy. The tumor was treated by surgical excision followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The patient remains free of symptoms and without evidence of leukemia in the peripheral blood or bone marrow 9 months after the diagnosis was established. The ultrastructural findings in the tumor and diagnostic difficulties often encountered are emphasized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00430554
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Granularkörpermyopathie (sog. Reducing Body Myopathy) (1981)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 392 (1981), S. 97-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Reducing body myopathy ; Classification ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die sog. reducing body myopathy, eine sehr seltene progressive muskuläre Krankheit, zeigt neben einer unspezifischen herdförmigen Muskelfaserdegeneration als typisches morphologisches Merkmal Muskelfasereinschlüsse, die reduzierende Eigenschaften aufweisen. Die nosologische Einordnung des Krankheitsbildes blieb bisher ungeklärt. Es wird über ein 15 Jahre altes Mädchen mit einer zunehmenden allgemeinen Muskelschwäche und Muskelatrophie berichtet, bei dem in der Muskelbiopsie neben unterschiedlichen regressiven Veränderungen zahlreiche Fasereinschlüsse beobachtet wurden, die u.a. in der Lage sind, ohne Substrat Tetrazoliumsalze in Gegenwart von Menadione zu reduzieren. Feinstrukturell sind diese Einschlüsse aus Granula von 12–16 nm Durchmesser zusammengesetzt. Eine Schwester der Erkrankten leidet seit vielen Jahren an einer klinisch und morphologisch gleichartigen Krankheit. Die sog. reducing body myopathy muß daher in die Gruppe der congenitalen Myopathien mit strukturellen Besonderheiten eingeordnet werden. Nachdem darüber hinaus bei anderen Muskelkrankheiten ebenfalls Fasereinschlüsse mit reduzierenden Eigenschaften vorkommen können, die jedoch in ihren übrigen strukturellen und histochemischen Eigenschaften keine Übereinstimmung mit den bei der sog. reducing body myopathy nachweisbaren Inclusionen besitzen, sollte das Krankheitsbild nach seinem führenden morphologischen Merkmal, den offenbar nur hier vorkommenden granulären Fasereinschlüssen, benannt werden. Es wird vorgeschlagen, die sog. reducing body myopathy als Granularkörpermyopathie zu bezeichnen.
    Notes: Summary Reducing body myopathy is a very rare progressive muscular disease. Apart from a non-specific circumscribed muscle fiber degeneration it displays muscle fiber inclusions which have reducing properties as a typical morphological feature. The nosological classification of the disease is not settled. A case in a 15 years old girl is reported. She suffered from a progressive muscular weakness and atrophy and in a muscle biopsy regressive changes were obvious. Furthermore, multiple eosinophilic muscle fiber inclusions were also observed, which exhibited reducing properties. They consist of electron dense granules with a diameter of 12–16 nm. Since a sister of the patient has suffered for many years from a clinically and morphologically similar muscle disease, reducing body myopathy apparently belongs to the group of congenital myopathies with structural abnormalities. Muscle fiber inclusions with reducing properties also occur in another myopathy, in which they structural and histochemical differ widely from those found in reducing body myopathy. The reducing body myopathy is better named after its typical morphological property, the granular inclusions. It is proposed to name it “granular body myopathy”.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00430552
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  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron-microscopic aspects of Hodgkin's disease (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 101 (1981), S. 135-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Hodgkin's disease ; Ultrastructure ; Reticulum cells ; Hodgkin's cells ; Sternberg-Reed cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Lymph nodes from patients with Hodgkin's disease of the nodular sclerosis or mixed cellularity type were examined by electron microscopy to classify all the cells that occur in these types of lymphoma. Most of the cells showed morphological features that were the same, or nearly the same as those of cells of normal lymphoid tissue. These included typical interdigitating reticulum cells (IDC), histiocytic reticulum cells, so-called dark reticulum cells, and sinus macrophages. There were also small and medium-sized lymphocytes, immunoblasts, plasma cells, and plasma cell precursors resembling those seen in non-specific lymphadenitis. Germinal center cells, on the other hand, were present in negligible numbers. Special attention was paid to Hodgkin's (H) and Sternberg-Reed (SR) cells. This group of cells proved to be heterogeneous. The only common features were a large cell size, large nuclei, and a prominent nucleolus. Some of the H and SR cells resembled immunoblasts of normal lymphoid tissue. The cytoplasm of these cells contained numerous polyribosomes, and their heterochromatin was coarsely condensed at the nuclear membrane. Other H and SR cells were more similar to histiocytic cells or reticulum cells because of the large number of cell organelles (e.g., lysosome-like granules) and diffuse heterochromatin. Finally, cases of the nodular sclerosis type of Hodgkin's disease showed another cell type with some resemblance to IDC. The cells of this type are called lacunar cells because of their special light-microscopic appearance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00405074
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  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fibroblastic and dendritic reticulum cells of lymphoid tissue (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 101 (1981), S. 149-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Lymphoid tissue ; Reticulum cells ; Histochemistry ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fibroblastic reticulum cells of different lymphoid organs were investigated to clarify their relationship to other stationary cells of the lymphoid tissue and to fibroblasts of the connective tissue. Fibroblastic reticulum cells have many ultrastructural characteristics of fibroblasts but differ from them in containing prominent bundles of microfilaments and in reacting strongly with antibodies to smooth muscle type myosin and actin. The fibroblastic reticulum cell may be thus classified as a myofibroblast. Enzyme-histochemical studies showed that fibroblastic reticulum cells contain a definite alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme. During ontogeny fibroblastic and dendritic reticulum cells are derived from the local mesenchyme and may be considered as primary stationary reticulum cells. During the formation of the follicle in the splenic white pulp in young rats fibroblastic and dendritic reticulum cells show a different turnover which speaks in favor of a proliferation of dendritic reticulum cells or their precursors in follicle formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00405075
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  • 35
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural studies of spontaneously regressing plane warts. Langerhans cells show marked activation (1981)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 271 (1981), S. 55-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Spontaneously regressing plane warts ; Activated Langerhans cells ; Unusual Langerhans cell granule ; Ultrastructure ; Spontan zurückgehende Plattenwarze ; Aktivierte Langerhanssche Zellen ; Ungewöhnliche Körner der Langerhansschen Zellen ; Ultrastruktur
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurden die ultrastrukturellen Veränderungen der Langerhansschen Zellen während der spontanen Involution der Plattenwarze untersucht. In den Gebieten mit aktivierten Makrophagen und epidermischen Zellen zeigten die Langerhansschen Zellen, wie in der Kontaktdermatitis, ein Zeichen erhöhter cellulärer Aktivität mit Vermehrung der cellulären Körner. Ungewöhnlich an der feinen Struktur der Körner der Langerhansschen Zellen war, daß der vesiculäre Teil innen mit einer Membrane umgeben wurde und daß dieser Teil häufig in Gestalt einer Schlinge vorkam.
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural changes of Langerhans cells during spontaneous involution of plane warts were examined. In areas with activated macrophages and epidermal cell interaction, Langerhans cells showed signs of enhanced cellular activity with an increased number of Langerhans cell granules, as in contact dermatitis. The fine structure of Langerhans cell granules, however, was unusual in that the vesicular portion was surrounded internally by a membrane, and this portion frequently occurred independently taking the shape of a loop.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00417388
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  • 36
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural investigation on cutaneous angioleiomyoma (1981)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 271 (1981), S. 91-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Cutaneous angioleiomyoma ; Ultrastructure ; Weibel-Palade bodies ; Angioleiomyoma and glomus tumor ; Cutanes Angioleiomyon ; Ultrastruktur ; Weibel-Palade-Körperchen ; Angioleiomyom und Glomustumor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchung eines cutanen Angioleiomyoms zeigte, daß die Muskelumhüllungen der Blutgefäße aus typischen glatten Muskelzellen aufgebaut sind. Die Zentralgefäße haben die ultrastrukturellen Charakteristika kleiner Venulen und zeigen neben einem hohen Endothel große Mengen von Weibel-Palade-Körperchen. Abgesehen von sehr spärlichen marklosen Nervenfasern, die kleine Arteriolen begleiten, finden sich keine bedeutenderen nervalen Strukturen. Aufgrund der gravierenden ultrastrukturellen Unterschiede kann eine nähere Beziehung zwischen Angioleiomyom und Glomustumor ausgeschlossen werden.
    Notes: Summary Electron-microscopic examination of a cutaneous angioleiomyoma demonstrated that the muscular coat enveloping the blood vessels is formed of typical smooth muscle cells. The central vessels exhibit the ultrastructural features of small venules with a prominent endothelium and large numbers of Weibel-Palade bodies. Except for scanty unmyelinated nerve fibers accompanying small arterioles, no significant nerval structures were encountered. In view of the evident ultrastructural differences, a relationship of angioleiomyoma and glomus tumor can be ruled out.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00417392
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  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Frage der filamentösen Einlagerung in einer Zelle des korialen Infiltrates bei Mycosis fungoides (1981)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 271 (1981), S. 237-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Dence-cored filamentous body ; Mycosis fungoides ; Ultrastructure ; Dense-cored filamentous body ; Mycosis fungoides ; Ultrastruktur
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00412553
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  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Benign fibrous histiocytoma of bone (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 101 (1981), S. 191-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Bone tumor ; Fibrous histiocytoma ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Case report of a patient with an unusual, rapidly growing bone tumor in the third and fourth cervical vertebrae. Histological and electron-microscopic investigations reveal a tumor composed of histiocytic cells, xanthomatous cells, giant cells of Touton type, and fibroblastic cells. No cellular features of malignancy are observed. From its cytologic appearance the tumor has to be classified as a benign fibrous histiocytoma. Regarding its ultrastructural features, the tumor may not be distinguished from non-ossifying fibroma of bone, but its clinical pattern shows obvious differences of localization and growth potential. The term “benign fibrous histiocytoma of bone” is proposed for these tumors which must be differentiated from non-ossifying fibroma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00413313
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  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Giant-cell reaction in the small tubular bones (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 101 (1981), S. 219-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Giant-cell reaction ; Small tubular bone ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Light- and electron-microscopic investigations were performed in a case of cystic soap-bubble-like expansion of the shaft region of the second metatarsal bone. Morphologically, strongly cellular tissue with a closely packed net of osteoid trabeculae containing osteoblasts and a whorl-shaped spindle cell stroma with fibroblasts, fibrocytes, and irregularly scattered multinucleated giant cells of the osteoclast type were observed. After clinical and morphological exclusion of osteosarcoma, enchondroma, non-ossifying fibroma, osteoblastoma, osteoclastoma, and bone cysts the final diagnosis was giant-cell reaction of small tubular bone with unusual marked osteoid formation. As recurrences are possible, block resection appears more appropriate than curettage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00413316
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  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the ultrastructure of blood cells and the microaggregate fraction in stored human blood (1981)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 7 (1981), S. 115-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Ultrastructure ; Platelets ; Leucocytes ; Microaggregates ; Microfilters ; Microemboli ; Vascular integrity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Electron microscopy of citrate-phosphatedextrose (CPD) buffered bank blood performed over 21 days shows that the normal architecture of erythrocytes, platelets and leucocytes disappears and that deformed organelles, leucocyte “ghosts”, cell fragments and microaggregates accumulate. Leucocytes and platelets emerge as the most sensitive indicators of blood deterioration showing profound morphological changes from the first day. Microaggregates which passed through a 20-μm high capacity transfusion filter were identified as platelet conglomerates, leucocyte “ghost” and platelet-leucocyte “ghost” coaggregates with diameters of 6–20, 20–30 and 30–40 μm respectively. of these aggregates present in the filtrate, 62% fell into the size range of 20–40 μm. The composition of microaggregates varies with storage time, the platelet conglomerates appear first during or after Day 1, leucocyte “ghosts” after Day 5 followed by platelet-leucocyte “ghost” coaggregate formation. At this stage the number of intact leucocytes and platelets is reduced and the filtrate shows an abundance of leucocyte debris. Microfiltration would thus appear to reduce but not eliminate the danger of microembolism and damage to capillary endothelium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01738613
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  • 41
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Subacute reactions to intrathecal Amipaque (metrizamide), conray and dimer X: A structural and ultrastructural study (1981)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 20 (1981), S. 229-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Metrizamide ; Conray ; Dimer X ; Subacute inflammatory reactions ; Brain edema ; Ultrastructure ; Arachnoid granulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Adult New Zealand rabbits were injected intrathecally with 200 or 300 mgI/ml of metrizamide, meglumine iocarmate or meglumine iothalamate. They were placed in the Trendelenburg position for 20 min and allowed to survive for 1, 2 or 3 weeks. Sacrifice was by intraarterial perfusion of aldehydes under anesthesia followed by preparation of brain and major venous sinuses for light and electron microscopy. Major findings were subpial edema and inflammatory reaction of superficial brain, leptomeninges, subarachnoid space and arachnoid granulations. They were most severe after iothalamate and milder after metrizamide. The severity decreased with time. It is of significance that severe reactions occurred after 300 mg I/ml concentration of metrizamide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00342089
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  • 42
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies on rat islet cell tumours induced by streptozotocin and nicotinamide (1981)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 390 (1981), S. 181-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Experimental islet cell tumour ; Streptozotocin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Cellular dedifferentation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fourteen rat islet tumours induced by Streptozotocin and nicotinamide were examined by light microscopy with indirect immunoperoxidase staining and by electron microscopy. Most tumours consisted predominantly of B cells, but over a half of the tumours examined showed mixed cellularity with considerable numbers of A cells and small numbers of D or PP cells. Only 4 tumours consisted exclusively of B cells. There was no positive reaction for any kind of specific islet hormone antibodies in 2 tumours. Ultrastructurally, most tumours were composed of cells containing numerous secretory granules with B cell properties, with great variation in size, shape and number. We often encountered enterochromaffin-like cells or atypical granular cells or cells containing non-beta secretory granules. We could not identify, however, the ultrastructural counterparts of A or D cells. The results suggested that the multiplicity of the endocrine cells of rat islet cell tumours might be an expression of the cellular dedifferentiation of tumour cells which could re-differentiate into the whole range of components of the endocrine pancreas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02215983
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  • 43
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Splenic involvement in tuberous sclerosis (1981)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 391 (1981), S. 363-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Tuberous sclerosis ; Spleen ; Ultrastructure ; Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Three cases of tuberous sclerosis in neonates were found to have focal, frequently perivascular, collections of large cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. These cells resembled those found in brain lesions of tuberous sclerosis but did not stain for acidic protein. Ultrastructurally, they were characterized by many membrane bound cytoplasmic bodies, 90 to 270 nm in diameter, with amorphous contents. Filaments were not demonstrated. Their appearance is considered most consistent with histiocytic origin. Large cells with a histiocytic appearance and a superficial resemblance to those seen in the brain in tuberous sclerosis, but a different ultrastructure and reaction to GFAP staining, may be found in the spleen of neonates with this disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00709169
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  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the normal human aortic media (1981)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 392 (1981), S. 199-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Aortic media ; Human ; Ultrastructure ; Elastin ; Smooth muscle cell
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructural organization of the adult human aortic media was studied utilizing aortic biopsies from 14 patients, ranging in age from 28 to 67, who underwent cardiac surgery. Apart from solid elastic elements the tissue spaces contained a vast amount of ill-defined thin streaks of elasin, an observation much facilitated by utilizing a selective elastin staining technique. In favorable sections, these streaks were found to be continuous with the solid elastic laminae. Furthermore, most medial smooth muscle cells were in close contact with the thin streaks, but almost none directly with the elastic laminae. The smooth muscle cells had also virtually no connection with collagen fibers. These observations are in contrast with the organization of elastin and with cell-to-stroma connections in the more extensively studied rodent and porcine aortas; they bring into question the role of the smooth muscle cells in the regulation of the viscoelastic properties of the human aortic wall. Other findings were: large number of nexuses connecting the smooth muscle cells, a very small degree of smooth muscle cell degeneration, and the presence of flocculent, fine-granular material investing all formed elements, but especially associated with the thin streaks of elastin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00430821
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  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Morphologie und Diagnostik des Zellweger Syndroms (1981)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 393 (1981), S. 103-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Cerebro-hepato-renal (Zellweger-) syndrome ; Morphological diagnosis ; Ultrastructure ; Peroxisomes ; Autopsy ; Catalase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A female newborn, the second child of healthy non consanguineous parents, exhibited muscular hypotonia, areflexia, apathy, seizures, hepatomegaly and failure to thrive since birth. The peculiar skull shape was lacking. In the urine pipecolic acid and trihydroxycoprostanoic acid were excreted. At the age of seven weeks she died of bronchopneumonia. Lightmicroscopy revealed malformations and deficiency of myelinisation in the brain, renal cysts and fatty metamorphosis in the enlarged liver, which showed only minimal siderosis. Ultrastructurally no peroxisomes could be found in liver and kidney. No peroxisomes were detected by histochemical demonstration of catalase in frozen liver tissue which was taken immediately after death and stored for three months. Absence of peroxisomes is pathognomonic for the cerebro-hepato-renal syndrome of Zellweger and occurs in the liver irrespective of duration and degree of liver damage. It is best demonstrated by enzymehistochemical electron microscopy. With this method peroxisomes can be visualized even 30 h post mortem. In deep frozen normal liver tissue the activity of catalase remains very stable and enables the identification of peroxisomes even after a 12 months period of storage. In the cerebro-hepato-renal syndrome of Zellweger, frozen liver tissue should be stored for biochemical and diagnostic enzymehistochemical studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00430874
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  • 46
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Primary adenocarcinomas of the human urinary bladder: Histochemical, immunological and ultrastructural studies (1981)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 393 (1981), S. 165-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Urinary bladder adenocarcinomas ; ABH isoantigens ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neoplastic and non-neoplastic tissue specimens from ten patients with primary adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder were examined. Most of these tumors were associated with either foci of transitional cell carcinoma and/or with glandular metaplasia of the bladder epithelium. The mucin produced by the neoplastic cells was PAS, alcian blue, mucicarmine, PB/KOH/PAS, and RPB/KOH/PAS-positive. ABH isoantigens of these tumors were not always deleted. Ultrastructurally, the neoplastic cells resembled goblet cells. Their plasma membrane had numerous microvilli with prominent glycocalyx. Proliferation and attenuation of tight junctions were noted. The gap junctions were few and small. Two types of desmosomes were found. The ultrastructural features of the neoplastic cells were attributed in part to the malignant transformation and in part to the direction of their differentiation. We have not observed any distinctive morphologic, histochemical, immunologic or ultrastructural features that might be diagnostic for these adenocarcinomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431074
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  • 47
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Primary malignant melanoma of the vagina and cervix uteri (1981)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 393 (1981), S. 245-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Malignant melanoma of the vagina ; Malignant melanoma of the cervix ; Malignant melanoma ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This report concerns a very rare case of primary malignant melanoma involving the vagina and cervix uteri occurring in a 45-year-old woman. The clinical, light-microscopic and ultrastructural findings are presented and discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431080
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  • 48
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ultrastructure of dog epididymis (1981)
    Springer
    Urological research 9 (1981), S. 33-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Dog ; Epididymis ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the epididymal duct and ductuli efferentes in the dog has been studied by electron microscopy. The epididymidis can be separated into the classical divisions of caput, corpus and cauda epididymidis on the basis of general morphology and ultrastructure. The ductuli efferentes have a low epithelium with pronounced cilia at the apices of cells and appear to provide primarily a transport role for spermatozoa. In the epididymis proper the caput region is characterized by an extremely large Golgi apparatus with large numbers of lysosomes and nuclear inclusions. Secretory activity appears to be most common in the corpus region. Absorption and secretion are most active in the first two segments while in the cauda epideidymidis the long-term storage of spermatozoa in the lumen is associated with many dense crystalline bodies formed in the epithelial cells within the Golgi apparatus and possibly deriving from absorbed macromolecular material from the lumen. The theory of whole sperm cell resorption by the epididymal duct is not supported by this study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00256837
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  • 49
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A contribution to the pathogenesis of cholesteatoma (1981)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 230 (1981), S. 121-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Cholesteatom ; Histochemie ; Ultrastruktur ; Lysosomen ; Oxytalanfaser ; Cholesteatoma ; Histochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Lysosomes ; Oxytalan fibres
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In a histochemical and ultrastructural study the pathogenesis of cholesteatoma ostitis is analysed on human tissue. In the subepithelial layer there is evidence of an inflammatory reaction leading to proliferation of granulation tissue with bony invasion. Bony destruction is initiated by osteocytic osteolysis. In the case of cholesteatoma there is a combined action of extraosseous and osseous lysosomal enzymes. The pathological changes of the fibrillar elements suggest that the self-perpetuation of degeneration is maintained by a disturbance of fibrillogenesis. The causal pathogenesis of cholesteatoma formation is discussed as a function of a disturbance between cellular activity, extracellular matrix, and cellular surface.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In einer histochemischen und ultrastrukturellen Untersuchung wird die Pathogenese des Cholesteatoms analysiert. Charakteristikum des subepithelialen Gewebes ist die Ausbildung einer entzündlichen Reaktion mit anschließender Formation eines in den Knochen proliferierenden Granulationsgewebes. Der Knochenabbau wird durch osteozytäre Osteolyse eingeleitet. Dadurch kommt es bei der Erkrankung zu einem Zusammenwirken ossär lysosomaler und extraossär lysosomaler Enzyme. Die pathologischen Befunde im Bereich der Faserelemente deuten an, daß der Selbsterhaltungsprozeß der degenerativen Veränderungen durch eine Störung der Fibrillogenese verstärkt wird. Die kausale Genese des Cholesteatoms wird unter Berücksichtigung der gestörten Interaktion zwischen Zellaktivität, Extrazellularmatrix und Zelloberfläche diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00456141
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  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histological and ultrastructural findings in the vocal muscles of patients suffering from muscular dystrophies (1981)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 230 (1981), S. 181-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: M. vocalis ; Histologie ; Ultrastruktur ; Muskuläre Dystrophie ; Vocal muscle ; Histology ; Ultrastructure ; Musculardystrophy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Biopsy material from the vocal muscle of patients suffering from Steinert's muscular dystrophy, Duchenne's muscular dystrophy, oculopharyngeal progressive muscular dystrophy, and paraneoplastic myopathy was examined under the light and electron microscope. The histological findings were compatible with the muscular changes seen in the skeletal muscles of the extremities of the same patients. Slight differences in the severity of the pathologic process were noticed in correlation with the muscles of the extremities which were always more seriously affected than the vocal muscles. The ultrastructural study revealed a moderate to very porminent dilatation of the sarcotubular system, involving the T-tubules and the cisternae of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum as well. From the clinical point of view, the vocal muscle biopsy was beneficial to the patients suffering from Steinert's myotonic muscular dystrophy, whereas it did not affect the clinical condition of the others.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Biopsiematerial aus den Stimmuskeln von Patienten, die an einer Steinertschen Myodystrophie, einer Myodystrophie von Duchenne, einer progressiven occulopharyngealen Myodystrophie oder einer paraneoplastischen Myopathie litten, wurde licht- und elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Die histologischen Befunde sind mit den Veränderungen vergleichbar, die auch an der Skelettmuskulatur derselben Patienten gefunden wurde. Die feingewebliche Untersuchung zeigte eine mäßige bis stärkere Erweiterung des sarcotubulären Systems mit Befall der Tubuli und der Cysternen des endoplasmatischen Reticulums. Klinisch zeigte der Patient, der an einer Steinertschen Myodystrophie litt, nach der Biopsie eine Besserung der Stimme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00456148
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  • 51
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alterations in the collagen framework of osteoarthritic cartilage and subchondral bone (1981)
    Springer
    International orthopaedics 5 (1981), S. 47-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5195
    Keywords: Osteoarthritis ; Collagen framework ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des prélèvements obtenus à partir de genoux humains arthrosiques et de genoux de chien porteurs de lésions arthrosiques expérimentales ont permis l'étude de la charpente de collagène du cartilage articulaire et de l'os sous-chondral, par microscopie conventionnelle et par microscopie électronique. Dans les lésions dégénératives, les fibrilles de collagène du cartilage ont une orientation radiale, alors qu'elles sont habituellement groupées en faisceaux. En cas de lésions étendues, le cartilage présente souvent des clivages ou des fissures menant jusqu'aux couches calcifiées. Les fibrilles de collagène du cartilage arthrosique se fondent dans la plaque osseuse souschondrale, rendant la jonction ostéo-cartilagineuse irrégulière ou mal définie. L'orientation trabéculaire de l'os sous-chondral se modifie en fonction de l'altération du cartilage articulaire. Ces modifications réactionnelles montrent que, même au niveau ultrastructural, l'architecture de l'os sous-chondral reflète la dégénérescence cartilagineuse.
    Notes: Summary Specimens obtained from human osteoarthritic knee joints and dog knees with experimentally induced osteoarthritis were used to study the collagenous framework of articular cartilage and subchondral bone in relation to osteoarthritic changes using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. Degenerative articular cartilage in osteoarthritic joints showed radial orientation of the collagen fibrils, which were usually discernible as fibrillar bundle formations. Cartilage with extensive lesions often showed cleavages or fissures down to the calcified layer. The cartilagenous collagen fibrils in osteoarthritic specimens merged into the subchondral bone plate making the tidemark and the osteochondral junction irregular or obscure. The trabecular orientation of subchondral bone changed with alteration in the articular cartilage and with reactive changes in the subchondral bone, showing the effect of cartilaginous degeneration on its ultrastructure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00286099
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  • 52
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    Electronic Resource
    The ultrastructure of oligodendrogliomas (1981)
    Springer
    Neurosurgical review 4 (1981), S. 17-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-2320
    Keywords: Astrocytoma ; Oligodendroglioma ; Ultrastructure ; Astrocytom ; Oligodendrogliom ; Ultrastruktur
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 7 Oligodendrogliome, davon 2 mit uniformem Zell-Typ, 4 mit Zell- oder Gewebs-Unregelmäßigkeit, 1 mit glioblastomatösen Veränderungen wurden elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Die Tumorzellen zeigten 2 Haupttypen mit morphologischen Übergängen zwischen beiden auf. Die Hauptformen wurden als Typ 1 (undifferenziert) und 2 (differenziert) definiert, gestützt auf die Anzahl anaplastischer Zellen im jeweiligen Tumor und auf die Beobachtung nicht-neoplastischer Oligodendrocyten nach Mori and Leblond (21). Die meisten Tumorzellen aller Fälle wiesen ähnliche licht- und elektronenmikroskopische Charakteristika auf, einschließlich der Zell-Anordnung und ihrer Tendenz, zytoplasmatische Fortätze zu bilden. Diese Befunde waren auch in den glioblastomähnlichen Tumoren zu erkennen und bestätigen damit deren Oligodendrogliom-Komponente. Außerdem fand man regelmäßig in allen Tumoren eine Zunahme der Größe und Zahl der Mitochondrien, reichlich intrazytoplasmatische Strukturen und Mikrotubuli. Auch Zellen mit zytoplasmatischen Filamenten waren vorhanden, die als reaktive Astrocyten oder als oligodendrogliale Tumorzellen angesehen wurden. Daher scheinen weder zytoplasmatische Filamente noch Mikrotubuli ein spezifisches morphologisches Kriterium für Oligodendroglia oder Astrocyten zu sein. Das Überwiegen einer dieser beiden Strukturen erlaubt jedoch eine zytogenetische Zuordnung. Die zytologischen Charakteristika sind zwar keine spezifischen morphologischen Kriterien; die Feststellung ihrer Anwesenheit gibt jedoch wichtige diagnostische Informationen.
    Notes: Summary Seven Oligodendrogliomas (2 with uniform cell type, 4 with cellular or tissue variability, and 1 with glioblastomatous changes) were examined ultrastructurally. The tumor cells were of two principal types with morphologic transitions between the two main types. The two principal cell types were identified as type 1 (undifferentiated) and type 2 (differentiated) on the basis of the number of anaplastic cells in an individual tumor and on the observations of Mori and Leblond (21) on non-neoplastic oligodendrocytes. Most of the tumor cells in all tumors exhibited similar histologic and ultrastructural characteristics including their arrangement and their tendency to form cytoplasmic processes which sometimes formed short stacks. These features were also recognizable in the glioblastomatous example and confirmed the presence of an oligodendroglial component. In addition to these characteristics, an increase in size and number of mitochondria, abundant intracytoplasmic structures, microtubules were regularly present in virtually all tumor cells. Cells rich in cytoplasmic filaments were present. These were identified as reactive astrocytes or as oligodendroglial tumor cells. Thus neither cytoplasmic filaments nor microtubules appear to be specific morphological markers for oligodendroglia or astrocytes; only the predominance of one of these structures permits cytogenetic identifications. The cytologic characteristics are not specific morphologic markers; however, recognition of their presence provides important diagnostic information.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01787229
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  • 53
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A branched pore kinetic model for activated carbon adsorption (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 26-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A branched pore kinetic model for aqueous phase activated carbon adsorption is presented in which the carbon particle is separated into rapidly and slowly diffusing regions. The model was developed to overcome problems arising from a single rate parameter analysis and is shown to describe experimental data well. In addition to very different rates of transport in the two regions, parameters estimated by regression analysis indicated differences in the adsorptive characteristics.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270106
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  • 54
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    Electronic Resource
    Gas-liquid-solid reactor design, Y. T. Shah, McGraw-Hill; 373 pages; $44.00; January, 1979 (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 316-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270224
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  • 55
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    Electronic Resource
    A review of process synthesis (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 321-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Process synthesis is the step in design where the chemical engineer selects the component parts and how to interconnect them to create his flowsheet. This paper reviews the rapidly growing process synthesis literature of over 190 articles, almost all of which have been produced in the last decade.The paper first introduces the nature of the synthesis problem and outlines the variety of approaches which have appeared to solve aspects of it. The problems include developing a representation, a means to evaluate alternatives, and a strategy to search the almost infinitely large space of possible alternatives. As the article demonstrates, effective solutions are very dependent on the nature of the synthesis problem being addressed.The article covers in detail the following five synthesis topics: chemical reaction paths, separation systems, heat exchanger networks, complete flowsheets, and control systems. Readily apparent are the development of industrially significant insights to aid in the design of heat exchanger networks. Reasonable progress exists in the synthesis of separation systems based on nearly ideal distillation technology and in the development of computer aids by chemists for reaction path synthesis leading to desired complex organic molecules. More work is needed for the remaining areas to become industrially significant.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270302
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    Laser doppler anemometry measurements in gas-solid flows (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 358-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA) was used for the simultaneous measurement of the gas and particle velocities in a gas-solid, two-phase flow. The flow configuration consists of an air jet at ambient temperature in which a spherical glass powder of a mean particle diameter of 97.0 or 13.7 μm was injected from one side using a secondary air jet. Both principal and secondary jets were also seeded with talcum powder with a mean particle diameter of about 1 μm which served as a tracer.The probability density distribution function (PDF) of the LDA output showed two distinct peaks corresponding to the particle and gas velocities. As the particles were accelerated by the flow, the slip velocity between the gas and the particles decreased causing the gap between these two peaks to narrow. The measured mean particle velocity profiles were in agreement with the predictions of a theoretical model.The objectives of the present investigation was to obtain experimental data on the dependence of the particle trajectories and their mean velocities on the injection conditions in a free jet stream. The principal question, however, was whether such data could be obtained using Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA). In other words, whether LDA could be effectively used in two-phase flow systems for the simultaneous measurement of the gas and particle velocities? Obviously, the answer to this last question can affect far beyond this particular study and more than justified the effort for this detailed investigation. It should be pointed out that, while LDA has been known for sometime, and the necessary equipments for an LDA system are available on a commercial bases, relatively little attention has been given to its application to other than single-phase, fluid-flow measurements.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270304
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  • 57
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    Flow mechanism of adsorbate through porous media in presence of capillary condensation (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 271-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The flow mechanism of adsorbable gas through the porous adsorbent in the presence of capillary condensation is interpreted, and a new transport model is derived by separately taking into account the hopping behavior of adsorbed molecules in the adsorbed phase and the viscous flow of capillary condensate. Surface flow coefficients including the contribution of capillary flow calculated with this model agree with published experimental data.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270214
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  • 58
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    Electronic Resource
    SO2 absorption into aqueous solutions (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 292-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The absorption rate of SO2 from a gas mixture of SO2 and N2 into pure water, HCl, and NaCl solutions has been measured at 25°C in a continuous stirred vessel with an unbroken gas-liquid interface. The rates of the liquid-phase mass transfer are accurately modeled by the theory of surface renewal with the instantaneous, reversible hydrolysis of dissolved SO2. The theory and results are applicable to SO2 absorption from waste gases.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270217
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  • 59
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    Electronic Resource
    A group contribution molecular model of liquids and solutions: II. Groups and their interactions in water and aqueous solutions of paraffins, ketones, and alcohols (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 303-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270220
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  • 60
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    Secondary nucleation of citric acid due to fluid forces in a Couette flow crystallizer (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 312-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270222
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    Minimum reflux conditions, part I: TheoryThis paper was presented in preliminary form by K. E. Bennett and R. P. Andres at the AIChE 82nd National Meeting; in its present form by K. Nandakumar and R. P. Andres at the AIChE 88th National Meeting. (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 450-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper presents a new formulation of the infinite plate or minimum reflux limit of a multicomponent distillation column. Based on this model, two new calculation methods are developed. The first is a short-cut method which extends Underwood's classic minimum reflux treatment to variable molar overflow situations. The second is a rigorous method which is similar to a multicomponent flash calculation and represents a significant computational advance over other rigorous methods.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270314
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  • 62
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    A single, particle-size model for sulfur retention in fluidized bed coal combustors (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 472-481 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A reactor model is presented to calculate the sulfur retention and SO2 emission of a fluidized-bed coal combustor with absorption of SO2 by limestone or dolomite. It is based on the two-phase theory of fluidization and a two parameter simplified rate expression for the sulfation reaction. Both parameters can be determined by experimental reaction rate measurements. In the overall reactor model, an average size is assumed for all the stone particles in the bed. Sulfur retention is found to be dependent on only three dimensionless parameters. Comparisons with experimental measurements indicated that the model predicts satisfactorily the dependence of sulfur retention on the Ca/S ratio, sulfur content of the coal, excess air, gas residence time, and sorbent type.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270317
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    Liquid-Liquid dispersion in turbulent couette flow (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 495-503 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A dimensionless dispersion number was developed to characterize liquid-liquid dispersions created in turbulent Couette flow with respect to their subsequent coalescence in a settling zone. For a given solvent pair and continuous phase, the dispersion number is relatively constant over a wide range of operating and dimensional parameters. Because of this, the dispersion number can be used for the design and scale-up of liquid extraction equipment with discrete stages.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270320
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    “Fine structure” of the CSTR parameter space (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 514-516 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270323
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    Correlation between data of adsorption from binary and multicomponent liquid mixtures on solid surfaces (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 524-525 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270327
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    II: Discrimination among rival reaction models (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 489-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The discrimination of the fast second-order, pseudo-first-order and fast pseudo-first-order reaction models on the basis of the second-order reaction model justifies the use of the pseudo-first-order model in the prediction of the multiplicity regions. The use of the fast second-order reaction model leads to a certain pitfall regarding uniqueness and multiplicity. Finally, the use of the fast pseudo-first-order reaction model is justifiable not only because of the fair agreement between the multiplicity regions predicted by this model and the second-order model but also because of the analyticity of the uniqueness and multiplicity regions obtained by this model.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270319
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    Intermixing over cell boundary between taylor vortices (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 504-508 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The rate of exchange of fluid elements between Taylor vortices was experimentally determined for low axial flow rates. A model was formulated defining the exchange coefficient appropriate for this flow system. In the laminar vortex flow region, the measured exchange coefficient increases with Re but is almost independent of Ta.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270321
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    Bounds on the variation of K-value with various true boiling point fractions resulting from the pseudo-component approximation: Application to a h2-coal liquid system (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 516-518 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270324
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    Nitric oxide gas absorption in a limestone packed column (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 518-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270325
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    Safety in process plant design by G. L. Wells, john wiley and sons inc., 276 pages, $59.95 (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 526-526 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270329
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  • 71
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    Interpretation of surface flow phenomenon of adsorbed gases by hopping model (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 262-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The mechanism of surface flow of adsorbing gas molecules through the porous adsorbent is interpreted, and a new hopping model is derived by separately taking into account the hopping behaviors of monolayer and multilayer molecules. The reported experimental results containing the data measured here are correlated well. Finally, some considerations are given to the two experimental constants appearing in the model.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270213
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  • 72
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    Connection between relative gain and control loop stability and design (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 613-619 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The objective of this paper is to point out the relationship between the relative gain array (RGA) and control system stability and design. Rigorous stability limits are presented for a general 2 × 2 system for several cases involving both steady state and dynamic interactions. These stability limits explicity involve the RGA. Two specific examples of interaction in distillation models are also discussed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270412
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  • 73
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    On the possible existence of concentration stability effects within a continuous well-mixed reactor when a solid catalyzed liquid to gas reaction occurs (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 301-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270219
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  • 74
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    Employment of vapor pressure data in the description of vapor-liquid equilibrium with direct method (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 673-679 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A procedure for inserting vapor pressure data in the equations of state is presented. It provides a straightforward scheme for the extension of direct methods to the study of phase equilibria of polar mixtures and of solutions containing nonvolatile electrolytes. Some examples of application are also given.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270420
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  • 75
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    Analysis of control-output interactions in dynamic systems (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 690-693 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A general theory for examining the dynamic as well as static interactions among inputs and outputs in a multivariable control system has been developed. Both state space and frequency domain approaches are used, and at steady state the interaction equations assume the same form as the relative gain array developed by Bristol. Implications of selecting input-output pairings with regard to steady state vs. dynamic consideration are discussed. The application of the method of analysis to a distillation column control system is presented.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270423
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  • 76
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    Laminar condensation heat and mass transfer to a moving drop (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 372-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper presents numerical solutions to the nonlinear, coupled boundary-layer equations governing laminar condensation heat and mass transfer in the vicinity of the forward stagnation point of a spherical cold water droplet translating in a saturated mixture of three components. The environment surrounding the droplet is composed of a condensable (steam), a noncondensable and nonabsorbable (air), and a third component which is noncondensable but absorbable (Elemental Iodine, for example). The dispersed and the continuous phases have been treated simultaneously. Results obtained here show excellent agreement with experimental results where available. An important conclusion is that for laminar condensation on a freely falling droplet, for a given thermal driving force and noncondensable gas concentration in the bulk, the dimensionless heat transfer decreases with increasing saturation temperature of the outside medium.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270306
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  • 77
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    Pressure fluctuations in a fluidized bed (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 388-396 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An on-line statistical study of the pressure fluctuations in fluidized beds was conducted by using pressure transducers, a correlation and probability analyzer and a Fourier transform analyzer. The causes of the fluctuations were explored, and the effects of the gas velocity, bed height, particle size and distributor design on the major frequency and amplitude of the fluctuations were investigated. The results indicate that the motion of bubbles appears to be the major cause of the pressure fluctuations in the upper portion of a fluidized bed. In the lower portion, the combined effects of the formation of large bubbles in the middle portion of the bed, the formation of small bubbles near the distributor, and the jet flow immediately above the distributor appear to be the major causes of pressure fluctuations.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270308
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  • 78
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    Studies in reaction path synthesis (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 429-442 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The development of processes requires the consideration of a wide variety of reactions which are required to transform raw materials into desired products, solve separation problems, and heat or cool process streams. These reactions have to be evaluated on the basis of raw material costs, kinetics, potential separation difficulties, catalyst costs, safety and reliability, as well as other factors that would arise in their industrial implementation. In this paper, the current status of research in reaction path synthesis has been reviewed. Details have been presented on the REACT program that has been developed for the synthesis of reaction paths for industrial organic chemicals.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270312
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  • 79
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    Part II: Numerical solution (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 460-465 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Two new algorithms for calculating minimum reflux conditions in multicomponent distillation columns are described. Both algorithms are based on the continuum model for an infinite stage column proposed by Nandakumar and Andres. Several example problems demonstrate the accuracy and computational efficiency of the new algorithms.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270315
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  • 80
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    Steady-State uniqueness and multiplicity of nonadiabatic gas-liquid CSTRs, part I: Second-order reaction model (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 481-489 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Steady-state behavior of a non-adiabatic gas-liquid CSTR is classified applying a second-order reaction model without any limitation on the reaction regime. Uniqueness and multiplicity regions are determined in the parameter space of reactivity versus liquid residence time, with the ignition and extinction points explicitly shown. An isola with five steady states is found possible for the adiabatic reactor; however, even a small heat loss reduces the number of steady states to three.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270318
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    Gas backmixing in large fluidized beds containing tube assemblies (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 509-514 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270322
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    Calculation of critical points from cubic two-constant equations of state (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 521-523 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270326
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    Introduction to chemical process technology by P. J. v. d. Berg and W. A. Dejong, Delft university press, D. Reidel publishing co. 1980, pp. 309, $26.00 (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 526-526 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270328
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    Letters to the editor (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 527-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270332
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  • 85
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    Steady flow through porous media (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 529-545 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The increasing demands for oil, water, and food produced in an environmentally sound manner have placed emphasis on the manner of their production, a major part of which is concerned with flow through porous media.The movement of materials through porous media is of interest in many disciplines: in chemical engineering - adsorption, chromatography, filtration, flow in packed columns, ion exchange, reactor-engineering; in petroleum engineering - displacement of oil with gas, water and miscible solvents including surface-active agent solutions and description of reservoirs; in hydrology - movement of trace pollutants in water systems, recovery of water for drinking and irrigation, salt water encorachment into fresh water reservoirs; in soil physics - movement of water, nutrients, and pollutants into plants; in biophysics - life processes such as flow in the lung and the kidney.This paper reviews the fundamentals of steady flow through porous media: it discusses the pseudotransport coefficients permeability, capillary pressure, and dispersion and relates these coefficients to the geometry of porous media. It also discusses single-fluid flow, multifluid immiscible flow, and multifluid miscible flow including the effects of heterogeneity, nonuniformity, and anisotropy of media.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270402
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  • 86
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Convective solids settling induced by a buoyant phase (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 588-592 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Quantitative measurements of the effect of a third phase of buoyant solid particles on the settling rates of suspensions of heavy particles are reported. It is found that for a wide range of concentration of both buoyant and heavy particles, the settling rates of both solid phases are greatly increased. If the phases are dilute, the settling velocities of both are retarded. The total settling time of heavy particles can be halved, but only under conditions that the light phase is unaccelerated. This suggests that small gas bubbles would form a more satisfactory buoyant phase. The high concentrations of thickened suspensions which result from the acceleration process are also reported.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270408
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  • 87
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    Electronic Resource
    Solubilities of carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and nitrogen mixtures in methanol (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 605-613 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Previously published data for the six binary combinations that can be formed from CO2, H2S, N2 and methanol are used to obtain parameters of the four-suffix Margules equation describing liquid solution behavior. The vapor phase is described by the Soave modification of the Redlich-Kwong equation of state. Isothermal binary data are fit well by these equations. The effects of temperature on the Margules parameters are significant and, except for N2-containing mixtures, the parameters were taken to be inversely proportional to absolute temperature.Experimental data were obtained for multicomponent mixtures of CO2, H2S, N2 and methanol. Model predictions were tested against these data. Comparisons of predicted and measured values of bubble point pressure and equilibrium vapor compositions are satisfactory.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270411
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  • 88
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    Electronic Resource
    Estimation of activity coefficients in concentrated sulfite-sulfate solutions (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 619-626 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The electrolyte theory of Pitzer and coworkers is used to estimate geometric mean-ion activity coefficients in strong electrolyte solutions at 25-55°C. By using Pitzer's equations with ion-pair parameters estimated in this paper, one can calculate activity coefficients to moderately high ionic strengths in aqueous mixtures containing the following ions: Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl-, ClO3-, ClO4-, HCO3-, HSO3-, CO32-, SO42-, SO32-, and S2O52-. Mixtures containing these ions are present in CaO/CaSO4 flue gas desulfurization units and in laboratory experiments aimed at understanding the chemistry occurring in such units. The computed activity coefficients are relatively insensitive to the values of the estimated quantities. The basis of the estimates, as well as their effect on calculated activity coefficients, is discussed. It is concluded that activity coefficients are estimated with an accuracy of ±25% or better.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270413
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  • 89
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffusivity and solubility of carbondioxide in diluted polymer solutions (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 626-631 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Diffusion coefficients of CO2 in aqueous Newtonian solutions of polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol with molecular weights varying from 1500 to 100,000 were obtained from absorption rate measurements in a wetted-wall column and the CO2 solubilities determined independently. The exponent A of the diffusivity-viscosity relation is found to be a strong function of the molecular weight of the applied polymer. The data suggest the following correlation: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ (D/D_0) = (\mu /\mu _0) ^{-3.7\sqrt {M_0 /M_P}} $$\end{document} which indicates that the exponent may vary from 0.04 to 0.4 for the solutions studied.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270414
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  • 90
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrogenolysis and hydrogenation of dibenzothiophene catalyzed by sulfided CoO-MoO3/γ-Al2O3: The reaction kinetics (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 663-673 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270419
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  • 91
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multistage membrane separation processes for the continuous fractionation of solutes having similar permeabilities (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 904-912 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new cascade configuration for the continuous membrane fractionation of solutes having similar permeabilities is proposed. In this scheme, solute selectivity is amplified by combining a concentrator and several mass exchangers (e.g., a reverse osmosis unit and hollow fiber dialyzers) to achieve a desired degree of separation. Separation efficiency of the new cascade is compared with that of a conventional counter-current cascade.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270605
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  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coke deposition in the thermal cracking of ethane (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 946-951 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A novel experimental setup allowed both the kinetics of the thermal cracking of ethane and of the coke formation to be studied over a temperature range extending from 750 to 870°C. The overall kinetics of ethane disappearance are in excellent agreement with previously reported pilot results. Coking rates are initially high but rapidly decrease to reach an asymptotic value. The initial product distribution also differs from the asymptotic product distribution. A kinetic model for the coking is derived from the experiments and used in conjunction with a set of conservation equations for the simulation of industrial ethane cracking. The predicted run length, thickness of the coke layer and evolution of the tubeskin temperatures are in agreement with industrial observations.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270610
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  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Letters to the editor (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 701-701 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270428
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  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wall effects in laminar flow of fluids through packed beds (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 705-715 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A model which accounts for the effect of a confining wall and the resulting voidage variations near it on the flow behavior in packed columns is proposed.The model, which is restricted to columns randomly packed with spheres of uniform size, reasonably describes the pressure drop-flow rate relationship for both linear and non-Newtonian fluids. The mass flux distribution is also studied in order to provide an insight into processes in which the flow behavior near the wall may be important.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270502
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  • 95
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    Electronic Resource
    Exact calculation methods for systems of interlinked columns. Part I: Separation of binary heterogeneous azeotropes (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 733-739 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A mathematical model and iterative correction algorithm are described for the exact solution of separation systems which contain interlinked columns in which some stages have two liquid phases and others have a vapor and liquid phase. The correction algorithm is based on Newton's method and provides for simultaneous correction of all iteration variables. The derivatives are calculated analytically from the model equations. The separation of a binary mixture which forms a heterogeneous azeotrope is analyzed. Modifications to the correction algorithm which provide for fixed condenser temperature and fixed product flows are described. The separation of butanol and water is used to illustrate the method.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270505
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  • 96
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    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of surface self-diffusion of sulfur dioxide on porous vycor glass by radioisotope tracer method (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 1035-1038 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270626
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimation of kinetic parameters - initial guess generation method (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 1041-1043 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270628
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Similarity of ideal adsorbed solution and potential theories for adsorption from a bulk phase onto a solid surface (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 1021-1022 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270620
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling of three phase reactors: A case of oxydesulfurization of coal (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 937-945 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Mathematical models have been developed for the design of bubble column slurry reactors, wherein the solids take part in the reaction and follow the shrinking core model. The cases of liquid film control, ash diffusion control, and chemical reaction control have been analyzed. Experiments were performed in a 22.2 mm i.d. continuous cocurrent bubble column slurry reactor for the removal of pyritic sulfur by oxidation from aqueous slurries of Upper Freeport, Lower Freeport, Kentucky No. 9, and Pittsburgh seam coals, in the temperature range of 430-480°K at 6.8 MPa total pressure. The theoretical predictions are found to be in good agreement with experimental results.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270609
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimal operation of integrated processing systems. Part I: Open-loop on-line optimizing control (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 960-968 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new algorithm for the continuous tracking of the optimal economic operating conditions of an integrated chemical plant has been developed. The method does not make use of fundamental models of the plant but is based on an on-line search using experimental moves of the independent variables. The results of these moves provide the data for the identification of a dynamic process model. This model allows one to determine the gradient of the objective function and thus guides the next move of the independent variable eventually leading to the optimum. The advantages of the new technique over other methods are demonstrated in simulation examples: (1)The speed of tracking is equally fast or faster than the relaxation speed of the system after a step change.(2)The noise insensitivity allows safe tracking of the optimum despite significant measurement errors. As a key feature a decentralized form of the algorithm is developed making it suitable for distributed microprocessor implementation.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270612
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