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  • Artikel: DFG Deutsche Nationallizenzen  (351)
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  • Artikel: DFG Deutsche Nationallizenzen  (351)
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  • 2025-2025
  • 2005-2009
  • 1995-1999  (52)
  • 1985-1989  (112)
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  • 101
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 407 (1985), S. 477-483 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Oligomeganephronic renal hypoplasia ; Tapetoretinal degeneration ; Ultrastructure ; Focal glomerular sclerosis ; Nephronic reduction
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Bilateral renal hypoplasia with oligomeganephronia, associated with bilateral tapetoretinal degeneration was observed in a child; this association has been reported only once before. Light, ultrastructural and immunofluorescent microscopic studies of the renal tissue were performed. The glomeruli were few and hypertrophic, with numerous mesangial cells, mesangial deposits, focal glomerular sclerosis and prominent thickened basement membrane. Two types of tubular changes were observed: focal necrosis of proximal tubules and focal atrophy of tubules surrounded by a thickened basement membrane. Mild fibrosis with few lymphocytes could be observed in the interstitium. A congenital reduction in the number of nephrons, related to a yet unknown pathological process may explain these morphological changes in part.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 102
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 239 (1985), S. 137-140 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Lanthanum ; Odontoblasts ; Tight junctions ; Tooth pulp ; Ultrastructure ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Odontoblasts are known to be involved in the process of dentinogenesis but it is not clear whether substances may also be deposited in predentine and dentine by passing between these cells. Although tight junctions have been described, it is not clear if they are macular or “leaky” as opposed to continuous or “tight”. In this study use has been made of the permeability of fenestrated capillaries amongst the odontoblasts to deposit the penetrative tracer lanthanum in the interodontoblastic space. This was done by perfusion of anaesthetized rats with physiological solutions containing lanthanum nitrate at 37° C. Immersion fixation of transverse segments of mandibular incisors and examination with an electron microscope showed that lanthanum could permeate 40–50 μm between the odontoblasts to reach the peripheral pulp. Towards the predentine, often less than 10 μm from the capillaries, its progress was abruptly and completely halted by the junctions at the apical ends of the odontoblast cell bodies. Lanthanum was not found in the predentine. The mature secretory odontoblasts in the rat incisor have therefore been shown to be joined by continuous tight junctions. In the process of dentinogenesis this means that all substances deposited in predentine and dentine must arrive by passing through the odontoblasts.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 103
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Corpora allata ; Ultrastructure ; Juvenile hormone ; Rates of synthesis ; Reproductive cycle
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Ultrastructure was correlated with rates of juvenile hormone synthesis in corpora allata from females of the viviparous cockroach Diploptera punctata at seven daily intervals during the first vitellogenic cycle. Synthetic activity of the glands was determined by in vitro radiochemical assay before the glands were fixed for electron microscopic analysis. The cycle in rates of juvenile hormone synthesis progressed from about 20 pmol h-1 per gland pair (oocytes 0.60 mm long) to a maximum mean rate of 140 pmol h-1 per pair (oocytes 1.40–1.47 mm long) and declined to about 20 pmol h-1 per pair at ovulation (oocytes about 1.65 mm long). Conspicuous ultrastructural changes occurred with changing synthetic rates. In glands with increasing rates of synthesis, mitochondria showed less electron-dense matrix, greater diameter and more irregular shape. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum changed from easily seen to obscure tubules, networks, and vesicles. Rough endoplasmic reticulum appeared in longer, more curved segments. Newly formed autophagic vacuoles appeared in all glands of highest activity rates. In glands with decreasing rates of synthesis, the mitochondrial matrix became denser, width smaller, and shapes less irregular. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum again appeared tubular and distinct. Golgi complexes were more conspicuous. Rough endoplasmic reticulum in whorls and large numbers of autophagic vacuoles continued to be present.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 104
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 239 (1985), S. 343-347 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Gastric mucosa ; Surface mucous cell ; Physiological cell loss ; Cell renewal ; Ultrastructure ; Golden hamster
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Fine-structural aspects of physiological cell loss in the gastric mucosa of the golden hamster were observed. As the surface mucous cell ascends along the gastric pit, the cell becomes taller and funnel-like in shape. The interfoveolar cell located at the superficial portion of the gastric pit has many lysosomes and a few lipid droplets in the cytoplasm. The nucleus moves toward the upper region of the cytoplasm, while the Golgi apparatus moves downward toward the infranuclear region. After the rupture of the apical plasma membrane takes place, the lateral and basal plasma membranes of this cell remain in spite of loss of the cell contents. Between the basal plasma membrane of the interfoveolar cell and the capillary endothelium is a thick connective tissue layer characterized by densely packed collagen fibrils. The remaining basal and lateral plasma membranes of the ruptured cell and the thick underlying collagenous layer might play a role in protecting the tissue from potential damage induced by the physiological cell loss.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 105
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Spleen ; Dendritic cells ; Ultrastructure ; Immunization ; Bufo calamita
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In the present study comparative aspects of the ultrastructure of the spleen were analyzed in non-immunized and T-dependent antigen-challenged natterjacks, Bufo calamita. Special attention is focused on the role of the non-lymphoid components in the splenic immunoreactivity. Ten days after primary immunization with sheep erythrocytes, splenic lymphoid follicles increase considerably in number and size. By that time, lymphoblasts, medium and large lymphocytes abound in the periphery of the white pulp near the marginal zone. Meanwhile, in the red pulp numerous monocytes migrating across the sinusoidal walls apparently transform into giant, dendritic-like cells. Twenty days after immunization the splenic lymphoid follicles decrease in number, although certain reactivity persists and numerous plasma cells occur in the cell cords and sinusoids of the red pulp. These results are discussed comparatively with those reported in other lower vertebrates.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 106
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 239 (1985), S. 131-136 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Capillary permeability ; Lanthanum ; Peripheral nerves ; Tooth pulp ; Ultrastructure ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Experiments were performed to compare the permeability of capillaries supplying the endoneurial environment, which is invested by perineurium, with vascular permeability in the pulp where perineurium is absent. Anaesthetised rats were perfused through the aorta with physiological solutions containing lanthanum nitrate at 37° C. Pieces of inferior alveolar nerve and segments of mandibular incisors were immersion-fixed and transverse sections were examined electron microscopically for the distribution of lanthanum. In the pulp the nerve fibres pass between lanthanum-impermeable arterioles and venules en route to the incisal end. In the peripheral pulp a few capillaries were permeable but the most permeable capillaries lay between the odontoblasts. Pulpal capillary permeability was attributed to the fenestrated endothelium and contrasted with the unfenestrated endoneurial capillaries which were impermeable to lanthanum. Whereas the tight junctions of endoneurial capillaries are known to prevent certain blood-borne substances from entering the endoneurium, it was not clear whether the permeability of the pulpal capillaries, which are distant from the nerve fibres, could affect the nerve fibre environment. No extravasated lanthanum reached the pulpal nerve fibres suggesting that they are not affected. Technically it was not possible to examine the incisal third of the tooth where the situation could be different because the volume of the pulp decreases and capillaries lie closer to the nerve fibres.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 107
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 239 (1985), S. 405-415 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Testis ; Leydig cell ; FSH ; Morphometry ; Ultrastructure ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The effects of FSH on the testicular interstitial tissue of immature hypophysectomized rats were studied by comparing morphological changes in Leydig cells with quantitative changes in interstitial tissue histology using morphometric analysis. Three groups of rats received subcutaneous injections of 0.5 ml saline vehicle or 10 μg rFSH or 20 ng oLH (equivalent to the amount of LH known to contaminate the FSH), twice daily for 7 days. Administration of FSH significantly increased testis weight and stimulated more advanced spermatogenesis compared to saline or LH. Morphometric analysis of testes of LH-treated rats showed a small but significant increase in total interstitial cell volume compared to saline treatment. FSH caused much greater increases in the total volume of interstitial tissue and interstitial cells than either saline or LH and significantly increased the total volume of interstitial fluid by comparison with the other groups. FSH but not saline or LH treatment resulted in a striking hypertrophy of Leydig cells, to produce cells ultrastructurally identical to Leydig cells from adults. Since the target tissue of FSH is the seminiferous epithelium, the observed effects on Leydig cells by FSH treatment suggest that the secretion of factors by the seminiferous tubules may mediate the maturation of Leydig cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 108
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Nerve ending ; Tadpole tail ; Ultrastructure ; Acetylcholinesterase ; Metamorphosis ; Rana japonica ; R. catesbeiana
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In anuran tadpole tails, the myelinated motor nerve fibers branch in the myoseptum to innervate both red and white muscle fibers at, or near, their ends. There are no significant ultrastructural differences between the nerve endings of the two types of muscle fibers. Intense acetylcholinesterase reaction product was observed in synaptic clefts and junctional folds, as well as in transverse tubules. As metamorphosis proceeded, the junctional folds of the nerve endings disappeared, however, acetylcholinesterase reaction product was still observed in the synaptic clefts. As muscle fibers began to degenerate, nerve endings began to separate from them. However, after nerve endings were completely separated from the surfaces, degenerated muscle fibers, synaptic and cored vesicles were still well preserved although no acetylcholinesterase reaction product was found. It seems clear that the mechanism of the muscle degeneration in the tadpole tail during metamorphosis is not the result of the degeneration of its nerve endings.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 109
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Synapses ; Intestinal nerve ; Ultrastructure ; Helix pomatia ; Horseradish peroxidase technique
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructure of nerve cells and the finestructural organization of synaptic contacts have been investigated in the intestinal nerve in the snail Helix pomatia. Three types of nerve cells, occurring singly or in groups, can be distinguished on the basis of the ultrastructure of their perikaryon and content of granules. The peripheral output of these nerve cells has been verified by retrograde CoCl2 and NiCl2 staining. Both axosomatic and axo-axonic specialized synaptic contacts occur in the intestinal nerve. Presynaptic elements of these synaptic contacts contain 100–120 nm granular vesicles or 120–200 nm neurosecretory-like granules. Following intracellular horseradish peroxidase (HRP) labelling of identified central neurons responsible for peripheral regulatory processes, several labelled axons running toward the periphery can be followed throughout the branches of the intestinal nerve. These labelled axon processes (either primary axon or small collaterals) form specialized synaptic contacts, inside the intestinal nerve, and are always in a postsynaptic position. The occurrence of peripheral axo-somatic and axo-axonic synapses provides a morphological basis for integrative processes taking place in the intestinal nerve (peripheral nervous system) of Helix pomatia.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 110
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Steroid cell ; Ultrastructure ; Steroidogenesis ; Intersexual fish ; Monopterus albus (Teleostei)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructural and biosynthetic characteristics of the steroid cells in the gonad of Monopterus albus have been studied. Ultrastructural features related to steroidogenesis have been identified in the interstitial Leydig cells, Sertoli cells, granulosa cells and thecal cells, and are especially abundant in the Leydig cells during the mid-intersexual phase. Steroidogenic ultrastructures in the Sertoli cells develop only during the maturation of the spermatogenic cysts, whereas in the granulosa and thecal cells, these features become obvious only during the maturation of the large oocytes. EM evidence also suggests a nutritive function for the Sertoli cells and the granulosa cells. Results of in vitro steroidogenic studies, using either testosterone or progesterone as a precursor, show a predominant conversion to androstenedione and 5α-reduced compounds, and suggest a change in biosynthesis from 5α-reduced products to androstenedione during sex reversal. 11-Ketotestosterone (11KT) has been identified, but not 11 β-hydroxytestosterone. Production of 11 KT is high in the late intersexual and the male phases, but a lack of a marked variation in 11KT production between the early and the mid-intersexual phase suggests that this steroid is not a trigger for natural sex reversal in Monopterus.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 111
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Development ; Sea urchin ; Hyaline layer ; Granular layer ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Employing electron-microscopic methods that help retain polyanionic materials, we describe the extracellular coverings of a sea urchin (Lytechinus variegatus) throughout ontogeny. The surface of the embryo is covered by a two-layered cuticle (commonly called the hyaline layer), which in turn is covered by a granular layer. The granular layer is retained after addition of alcian blue to the fixative solutions, and has not been previously described for any sea urchin. After hatching, the granular layer disappears, but the hyaline layer continues to cover most of the larval surface until settlement and metamorphosis. A few days before metamorphosis, the hyaline layer lining the vestibular invagination of the competent pluteus larva is replaced by a three-layered cuticle resembling that of the adult sea urchin. The hyaline layer covering the rest of the larva is evidently lost at metamorphosis during the involution of the general epidermis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 112
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 239 (1985), S. 693-701 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Macrophage ; Bone marrow culture ; Heterogeneity ; Ultrastructure ; Mouse
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The development of macrophages in culture from mouse bone marrow was followed for 14 days by light and electron microscopy, ultrastructural cytochemistry, and flow cytometric analysis. By 10 days greater than 97% of the cells in culture were mononuclear phagocytes, and by 12 days greater than 99% were identifiable as macrophages. Ultrastructurally, three subpopulations of mononuclear phagocytes were distinguished based on the appearance of cytoplasmic structures. Early in culture, cells containing large, membrane-bounded vesicles predominated. With increasing time in culture these cells were replaced to varying degrees first by cells that contained vesicles filled with relatively dense, osmiophilic material and, finally, by macrophages that contained granules of various sizes, shapes and staining densities. Cytochemical (peroxidase and acid phosphatase) and colloidal gold uptake studies at the ultrastructural level suggested that many, if not all, of these cytoplasmic structures arose by pinocytosis and subsequent fusion of pinocytic vesicles with lysosomes. Analysis of DNA content of propidium iodide-stained nuclei by flow cytometry, coupled with the examination of cells treated with colchicine to arrest mitosis in metaphase, suggested that cell cycling was a negligible contributor to heterogeneity within cultured populations. Thus, by waiting until 12–14 days after bone marrow cultures were initiated, with partial replenishment of the culture medium at 7 days, heterogeneity could be greatly reduced in cultured macrophage populations. Taking this fact into consideration could help to reduce the variability seen in functional studies of macrophage populations that are less homogeneous.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 113
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 240 (1985), S. 233-242 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Lymphoid tissue ; Tonsilla lingualis ; Ultrastructure ; B- and T-lymphocytes ; Macaca fascicularis (Primates, Cercopithecoidea)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Lymphoid organs are highly organized structures made up of different tissue compartments, each with its own specific cell populations. However, the cellular elements of the lingual tonsil, which forms a significant part of Waldeyer's pharyngeal ring, are not yet documented. This study, therefore, describes the fine structure and tissue organization of tonsilla lingualis in Macaca fascicularis. Ten selected crypto-lymphatic units originating from five perfusion-fixed animals were analysed ultrastructurally. Based on the fine-structural elements contained within, the lymphoid tissue of tonsillar units could be subdivided into follicular (germinal centre) and parafollicular areas. The latter contained predominantly small lymphocytes, lymphoblasts resembling T-blasts, plasma cells, macrophages, occasional neutrophils and many reticular cells resembling fibroblasts. A distinct feature of the parafollicular area was the presence of numerous high endothelial (HEV)or postcapillary venules (PCV). The follicular areas contained many small and large lymphoid cells, mitotic cells, plasmablasts, macrophages and specialised reticular cells resembling follicular dendritic cells (FDC) with distinct desmosomal junctions. These observations show that the crypto-lymphatic units of the lingual tonsil are, in fact, organised into distinct B- and T-cell compartments with their own specific lymphoid and accessory cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 114
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 240 (1985), S. 223-232 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Oral mucosa, simian ; Local mucosal immunity ; Minor salivary glands ; Duct/lymphoid follicle assemblies ; Ultrastructure ; Macaca fascicularis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Previous light-microscopic and ultra-immunohistochemical tracer studies revealed the existence of an independent local immune response of the simian oral mucosa. This local response is attributed to the presence of minor salivary gland (MSG) duct-related lymphoid tissue. Semithin sections from a total of 263 Epon-embedded tissue blocks from the labial and buccal mucosae of seven monkeys, Macaca fascicularis, were analysed light-microscopically, and 10 suitable MSG duct/follicle assemblies were investigated ultrastructurally. These duct/follicle assemblies include follicular and parafollicular compartments with distinct fine-structural elements. The follicular area or germinal centre contains numerous small and large lymphoid cells, mitotic figures, plasmablasts, macrophages, and cells resembling the follicular dendritic cells with distinct desmosomal junctions. The parafollicular area, which includes the heavily infiltrated duct wall, contains numerous small lymphocytes, T-lymphoblasts, plasma cells and reticular cells resembling fibroblasts. A distinct feature of this compartment is the presence of high endothelial venules (HEV). The presence of HEV and numerous blast cells, resembling blast-forming T-lymphocytes activated in vitro, in a specific area of the duct/follicle assembly strongly suggests that this area is structurally and physiologically identical to the thymus-dependent area of other lymphoid tissues. In other words, the duct/follicle assemblies of simian MSG contain the various specific fine-structural elements that are suitable for antigen recognition and processing. These elements are distributed in discrete compartments comparable to the B- and T-cell areas of “classical” lymphoid tissue.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 115
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 240 (1985), S. 247-249 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Heart ; Mitochondria ; Perfusion ; Ultrastructure ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Mitochondria isolated from heart tissue after a 1-min perfusion with Hanks medium were found to have significantly lower rates of State-3 respiration and respiratory control ratios compared to mitochondria isolated from non-perfused hearts. Examination of the mitochondrial preparations by electron microscopy revealed that a large proportion of the mitochondria isolated from perfused heart tissue were swollen and broken compared to mitochondria from non-perfused hearts.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 116
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 240 (1985), S. 641-648 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Retinal pigment epithelium ; Myeloid bodies ; Ultrastructure ; Lipid metabolism ; Endoplasmic reticulum ; Cytochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary It has been suggested (Yorke and Dickson 1984) that myeloid bodies (MBs) in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) of the newt, Notophthalmus viridescens, may represent areas of endoplasmic reticulum where lipids, such as 11-cis retinal derived from phagocytized outer segment tips, accumulate prior to esterification. Experiments in which an artificial ester substrate was added during in-vitro incubations have shown that esterase activity is represented in all areas of the newt RPE endoplasmic reticulum, including sites adjacent to all MBs. In related tests in which the localization of enzyme activity was restricted to areas of the cell where there had been accumulations of naturally-occurring (endogenous) esters, the products of ester hydrolysis were restricted to profiles of endoplasmic reticulum associated with lipid droplets, and with the interior of about 20% of those MBs that appeared completely circular in sections. This enzyme activity was not associated with other MB configurations. Results from endogenous-ester hydrolysis were identical to those obtained after staining with ZIO. This ZIO-reactivity was not affected by pre-incubation with agents that blocked or protected sulphydryl groups, and ZIO-reactive sites associated with MBs did not form complexes with digitonin. These observations suggest that MBs are a site of lipid-ester formation, but that they do not represent unique intracellular areas for this activity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 117
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Non-ciliated tracheal cell ; Smooth endoplasmic reticulum ; Ultrastructure ; Cytochrome P-450 ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mouse
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Non-ciliated SER-rich cells of the tracheal epithelium of normal, phenobarbital-treated and 3-methylcholanthrene-treated mice were studied ultrastructurally and immunohistochemically. The apical portion of these cells protrudes into the tracheal lumen, especially in the mice treated with the two compounds, and the apical cytoplasm is filled with numerous tubular elements of SER. Besides, the non-ciliated cells of 3-methylcholanthrene-treated mice show a strong positive reaction to the antiserum against microsomal cytochrome P-450 of liver. These findings support the concept that the non-ciliated tracheal cell may be involved in the metabolism of endogeneous and exogeneous chemical compounds.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 118
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 240 (1985), S. 529-534 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Collagen fibril ; Freeze-fracture ; Tail tendon ; Rat ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructure of the collagen of rat tail tendon was investigated by the freeze-fracture technique. Collagen fibers were pretreated with the digestive enzymes, α-amylase, elastase and collagenase to remove matrix substances. Some of the samples were etched for 20 min. Fibrils had an average diameter of 318±12 nm and a banded structure with a mean periodicity of 64.2±0.9 mm; the banding was most marked in α-amylase/elastase-treated specimens, although the periodicity was independent of pretreatment. Microfibrils were well-displayed following α-amylase/elastase and collagenase pretreatments. A difference in the diameters of microfibrils was, however, observed between etched specimens (8.3±0.3 nm) and those prepared by other experimental methods (11.4±0.5 nm). In replicas of collagenase-treated and etched specimens, the interconnecting filaments in the interfibrillar region formed a network that was continuous with the microfibrils of collagen fibrils. The diameter of the interconnecting filaments was the same as that of microfibrils. Microfibrillar bundles were observed in the interfibrillar region.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 119
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 240 (1985), S. 561-567 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): ACTH ; Adrenal zonation ; Birds ; Corticosterone ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary There are two regions of steroidogenic cells in the duck adrenal gland. An outer, subcapsular zone (SCZ), consisting of cells with irregularly shaped nuclei, shows relatively little smooth endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria with shelf-like cristae. This region surrounds the inner zone (IZ) of the gland which is comprised of smaller cells with rounded nuclei, a more abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria with tubular cristae. When samples of tissue from these distinct regions of the gland are superfused in vitro with media containing concentrations of 1–24 ACTH ranging from 100 to 1000 ng per ml (0.034 to 0.34 μM) the steroidogenic cells in both zones release corticosterone in a dose-dependent manner. The dose-responsiveness of both the SCZ and the IZ cells over this range is a complex quadratic function of the 1–24 ACTH concentration in the medium and the semilogarithmic linear portions of the dose-response curves are restricted to a narrow midrange of ACTH concentrations. Throughout the dose-response range, however, the steroidogenic cells of the IZ are more responsive to corticotropic stimulation than are the cells of the SCZ. The cells of the two zones are further distinguished by their responses to a challenge for a second time with medium containing 1–24 ACTH; the responses of the IZ cells to a second challenge were greater than those of the SCZ cells, and at a high concentration of ACTH the SCZ slices showed no significant second response.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 120
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 241 (1985), S. 657-662 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Epididymis ; Differentiation ; Organ culture ; Castration ; Ultrastructure ; Morphometry ; Cell types ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The differentiation capacity of the rat epididymis after depletion of androgen was studied in organ culture and in castrated rats. The differentiation of ‘narrow cells’ in 5- and 10-day-old explants and in 10-day-old castrated rats suggests that: (i) the testicular androgens are not essential for their differentiation, (ii) a differential androgen dependence exists among the epididymal cell types, (iii) the undifferentiated epithelial cells are the precursors of the narrow cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 121
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 241 (1985), S. 459-463 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Myocardium ; Regeneration ; Ultrastructure ; Cold injury ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The sequential cytological events in the myocardium of the rat were followed for 3 weeks after cold injury by light and electron microscopy. The traumatized area was initially filled with leukocytes and undifferentiated mononucleated cells and subsequently mainly with fibroblasts surrounded by collagen fibers. However, in the margins of the necrotic area repair processes of damaged myocardial cells and probably also the appearance of newly formed cells were evident. The ultrastructural features of these cells were characterized by clusters of ribosomes, numerous mitochondria that were dispersed in the cytoplasm and formation of junctional complexes and transverse tubular systems. Fibrillogenesis was also clearly evident in these cardiomyocytes. The myofibrillar material was initially dispersed in the cytoplasm and associated with clusters of ribosomes and thereafter with presumptive Z-bands and intercalated discs. The myofibrils became further organized in the shape and orientation of those of mature cells two to three weeks after injury. It is concluded that following cold injury regeneration in the mammalian myocardium takes place but is limited to the perinecrotic area. The process resembles the sequential cytological events which occur in cardiomyocytes during embryonic and postnatal development of the ventricular myocardium.
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  • 122
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 241 (1985), S. 495-503 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Embryo transfer ; Ultrastructure ; Implantation ; Clomiphene citrate, effects ; Blastocyst, development
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The induction of ovulation with clomiphene citrate (CC) in human patients results in a high ovulation rate but achieves a relatively low pregnancy rate. To clarify the possible role of CC in interfering with the normal reproductive physiology and embryology, we have used our rabbit model and transferred 4-day-old blastocysts from untreated donors to CC-treated pseudopregnant recipients and from CC-treated donors to untreated pseudopregnant recipients to study embryonic development and implantation. Each group was further subdivided into two subgroups, one receiving CC before and the other after ovulation. CC was administered subcutaneously in three consecutive doses of 10 mg/kg body weight. Ovulation was induced with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMS) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). The implantation rate of the control group, evaluated on day 8 of pregnancy, reached 62.0%. When recipients were treated with CC before ovulation, implantation rate was reduced to 18.8% (P 〈 0.0002), and to 20.0% (P 〈 0.003) when CC was administered after ovulation. The implantation rate of blastocysts transferred from donors, treated before ovulation, is 22.2% (P 〈 0.0055), however, reached 70.8% when treatment was started after ovulation. All implantations were analysed microscopically and showed normal morphological features. Our results demonstrate a potential multiple effect of CC, first on the endometrium by altering its receptivity for the implanting conceptus, second, on tubal physiology by altering egg transport, and finally on ovum maturation before ovulation interfering with development of blastocysts. These parameters may all result in rapid decrease in establishment of implantations and in turn in very low pregnancy rates.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 123
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 242 (1985), S. 333-340 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Bioluminescence ; Ctenophore ; Mnemiopsis leidyi ; Photocytes ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The photocytes and other endodermal cells composing the wall of the meridional canals of the comb-jelly, Mnemiopsis leidyi, were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Although many of these cells possess distinctive features such as a ciliary apparatus, lysosome-like bodies or vacuoles, they share with photocytes the presence of a network of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) whose cisternae enwrap large mitochondria and are aligned along the subsurface of the plasma membrane. A stereological analysis of organelle content in photocytes confirms the prominence of the RER in these cells and a shift of RER from mitochondria to plasma membrane subsurface in photocytes induced to luminesce by the mitochondrial inhibitor dinitrophenol. Photocytes and other endodermal cells of the meridional canals are interconnected by numerous gap junctions which, among photocytes, often form symmetrical triads with cortical cisternae and mitochondria. The gap junctions and RER/mitochondria assemblages are interpreted as possible substrates for, respectively, conduction of luminescence excitation along the canals and for excitation-luminescence coupling. Neuntes occasionally make synapses with photocytes and other endodermal cells lying adjacent to the mesoglea.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 124
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 242 (1985), S. 349-355 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Teeth (Vombatus ursinus) ; Enamel (regions) ; Ultrastructure ; Enamel (mature and developing)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A study of the enamel of continuously growing Vombatus ursinus molars was carried out using the techniques of light microscopy, hardness testing, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. From the erupted end to within 8 mm of the growing end, mature enamel was observed and it was found that between comparable areas there were no significant ultrastructural differences in enamel; however, small (∼12nm diameter), loosely packed needle-like crystals characteristic of developing enamel were observed near the growing end. Mature enamel was found to consist of three optically-translucent regions interleaved with two opaque regions. Opaque enamel was softer than translucent enamel. The opacity and relative softness characteristic of two of the enamel regions was not related to prism pattern or orientation; it was, however, related to the presence of voids (∼28 nm diameter) in these regions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 125
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Liver ; Hepatocytes ; Ultrastructure ; Estradiol ; Vitellogenesis ; Teleosts
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Hepatocytes of male zebrafish, Brachydanio rerio, were studied by means of light- and electron-microscopy, following a period of maximally 16 days of in-vivo treatment with estradiol-17β. The responsiveness of the male hepatocytes to this female sex steroid was investigated by use of morphometric methods. The results of this investigation show that the responsiveness was most obvious between 2 and 16 days, as revealed by an increase in cell size, accompanied by a proliferation of the granular endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi complex. In addition, accumulations of glycogen granules, which are characteristic of hepatocytes in untreated males, had disappeared and lipid droplets had accumulated. These experimentally induced changes in the morphology of the male hepatocyte closely resemble those described for the female hepatocyte during the sexual cycle. It is concluded that the hepatocytes of male zebrafish can be stimulated by estradiol-17β to produce vitellogenin and that in female zebrafish this steroid is a key sex hormone responsible for vitellogenin production by the liver during the natural sexual cycle.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 126
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Exocrine pancreas ; Rat ; Cortisone ; Ultrastructure ; Enzyme secretion
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary We have investigated the short-term effects of hydrocortisone (60 mg/kg per day) and placebo on basal and stimulated pancreatic secretion in the conscious rat. Volume and enzyme secretion were determined; fine structural changes were examined simultaneously. The pancreatic and bile ducts were cannulated separately; pancreatic juice was drained via an isolated fistula, and bile was recirculated into the duodenum. The application of hydrocortisone led to an almost complete inhibition of the secretory response of the exocrine pancreas when stimulated with 0.25 U secretin in combination with 5 × 10-8 g caerulein per h. It strongly affected the secretion rates of volume, protein, lipase, chymotrypsin, trypsin and carboxypeptidase, whereas the secretion rate of alpha-amylase continued to show a slight increase after stimulation. After stimulation with secretin and caerulein, the hydrocortisone-treated animals showed a higher density of zymogen granules in the acinar cell and an increase in the number of autophagic vacuoles in comparison to the equally stimulated placebo-treated rats. It is concluded that the short-term inhibition of pancreatic secretion by hydrocortisone occurs largely as a result of an inhibition of cellular enzyme discharge.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 127
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 242 (1985), S. 409-416 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Taste bud ; Colchicine ; Ultrastructure ; Microtubules ; Mouse
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Effect of colchicine on the ultrastructure of taste bud cells was studied in the mouse. In untreated mice microtubules were abundant throughout the entire cytoplasm of type-III cells, but only in the apical cytoplasm of type-I cells. After 2 h of colchicine treatment, no microtubules were observed in any taste bud cells; dense secretory granules in the apical cytoplasm of type-I cells mostly disappeared, and instead, numerous phagosomes appeared. It is suggested that colchicine causes an interruption of the transport of the secretory granules in type-I cells from the Golgi apparatus to the membrane of the apical surface, from which release occurs. In type-III cells, after 4 or 5 h of treatment, dense-cored vesicles scattered throughout the cytoplasm tended to increase in number; they were often observed to accumulate in the vicinity of the Golgi apparatus. Five hours after treatment with 5-hydroxy-l-tryptophan (5-HTP) following colchicine pretreatment, monoamine specific fluorescent cells and vesicles with highly electron-dense cores of type-III cells were still present. On the other hand, 5 h after 5-HTP treatment alone both fluorescent cells and vesicles with highly electron-dense cores had already disappeared. These observations suggest that the treatment with colchicine interrupts the transport of densecored vesicles of type-III cells to synaptic areas, in which those vesicles are presumed to discharge the neurotransmitter substance.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 128
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Lymph node ; Antigen stimulation ; Dendritic cells ; Enzyme- and immunocytochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Non-lymphoid dendritic cells were isolated from normal and paratyphoid vaccine-stimulated lymph nodes draining the rat skin. They were studied using enzymecytochemical, immunocytochemical and electron-microscopical methods. These cells had an irregular outline and an eccentrically situated nucleus. All showed acid phosphatase activity in a central area and expressed Ia antigen on the plasma membrane. Birbeck granules were exclusively present in dendritic cells isolated from lymph nodes in the induction phase of the immune response. This observation concurs with the presence of Birbeck granules in interdigitating cells in situ during the same period of the immune response. It is concluded that the dendritic cells are the in-vitro equivalents of the non-actively phagocytizing population of interdigitating cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 129
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 241 (1985), S. 193-201 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Fish ; Muscle fibre types ; Ultrastructure ; Morphometry ; Twitch characteristics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Ultrastructural parameters of muscle fibre types of the carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) were measured and compared with their contractile properties. In red fibres, which are slower than pink fibres, the relative length of the junction between the T system and the sarcoplasmic reticulum (T-SR junction) is smaller and the Z lines are thicker than in pink fibres. Pink fibres have a smaller relative length of T-SR junction than white fibres from the axial muscles. The two types of red fibres present in carp muscle also differ in their relative lengths of T-SR junction. Significant differences in the relative areas of the SR were not found. The relative volume of myofibrils in red fibres is two-thirds that in pink fibres, a difference that is not reflected in the maximal isometric tetanic tensions of these types. Red fibres, which are less easily fatigued than pink fibres, have larger relative volumes of subsarcolemmal and intermyofibrillar mitochondria. Small pink fibres have a larger relative volume of subsarcolemmal mitochondria than large pink fibres, but have a similar relative volume of intermyofibrillar mitochondria. Small and large pink fibres differ in the relative volumes of their membrane systems, but have similar relative lengths of T-SR junction.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 130
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 241 (1985), S. 229-236 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Tendon organs, rat ; Neonatal de-efferentation ; Development ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The number, size and structure of tendon organs were examined in leg muscles of the rat 3–19 weeks after de-efferentation performed in newborn animals by removal of the lumbosacral spinal cord. After this operation, tendon organs differentiated and grew in disused muscles and were innervated by primary sensory neurons, the dorsal roots of which had been disrupted. Three weeks after de-efferentation extensor digitorum longus muscles contained 14.1±1.0 (mean±standard error) and soleus muscles had 14.2±1.6 tendon organs, which corresponds to the mean number of tendon organs in the respective control muscles. The mean size of tendon organs was, however, changed. Tendon organs became on the average by 53% longer and by 35% thinner in de-efferented extensor digitorum longus muscles that were prolonged due to immobilization, as compared with shorter and wider tendon organs in de-efferented soleus muscle that remained in the shortened position. The ultrastructural differentiation of tendon organs was completed after the operation as under normal conditions. Thus it can be concluded that elimination of muscle function during the period of postnatal development indirectly affects the mean size of these receptors, but does not otherwise interfere with their morphogenesis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 131
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 240 (1985), S. 489-492 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Serotonin ; Pituitary ; Autoradiography ; Ultrastructure ; Teleosts
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Light- and electron-microscopic autoradiographic studies of pituitaries of the molly Poecilia latipinna, after their incubation with tritiated serotonin, revealed the presence of labelled cells in the proximal pars distalis, together with cell processes or nerve fibres throughout all regions of the gland except the prolactin cell zone. The serotonincon-centrating cells and most of the fibres contained small dense-cored vesicles, but some labelled fibres contained larger granules similar in ultrastructure to those of vasotocinergic fibres.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 132
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Neurosecretion ; Sinus gland ; Ultrastructure ; Potassium stimulation ; Crustacea ; Hormone release
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Electron-microscopic comparison of K+-stimulated and unstimulated crab sinus glands reveals significant differences in neurosecretory terminal morphology. Sinus glands exposed to elevated K+ saline for increasing periods of time show increasing numbers of exocytotic release profiles, vacuoles, and multilamellate bodies, and a decrease in the number of microvesicles within 10 μm of release sites. These morphological changes are well correlated with secretion of red-pigment-concentrating hormone, as determined by bioassay of perfusate from the individual preparations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 133
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Retinal pigment epithelium ; Ultrastructure ; Endoplasmic reticulum ; Lipid phase transitions ; Metamorphic mosaic model ; Myeloid bodies ; Urodeles
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) of the newt (Notophthalmus viridescens) was examined ultrastructurally under both in-vivo and in-vitro conditions. Five distinct conformations of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), two lamellar and three tubular, were observed. The two lamellar conformations included myeloid bodies, which have previously been described (Yorke and Dickson 1984), and fenestrated SER. The latter appeared as layers of flattened or curved cisternae which were penetrated by fenestrations. Fenestrated SER became indistinguishable from the highly branched and convoluted random-tubular SER through the formation of an intermediate configuration (“tubular sheets”). The remaining tubular SER conformations appeared to arise from random-tubular SER through a progressive reduction in branching and a straightening of individual tubules. Fascicular SER was represented by the hexagonal organization of straight, unbranched tubules into bundles (fascicles). Spiral SER consisted of a similar hexagonal arrangement, but the unbranched tubules spiralled about one another. Neighbouring tubules in areas of spiral SER were also joined together by pairs of electrondense bars. Although lamellar (especially myeloid bodies) and random-tubular configurations of the SER were common features in vivo, fascicular and spiral SER were primarily conformations encountered in vitro. Conditions favouring bilayer lipid phases also appear to facilitate the formation of both myeloid bodies and fascicular SER. These conditions included increased duration of incubation, low (〈20° C) incubation temperatures, and Ca2+-free incubations with EGTA. Random-tubular SER was most prevalent in media supplemented with fetal calf serum and also after warmer (30° C) incubation temperatures. We speculate that the different conformations of SER observed in the newt RPE may be due, in part, to lipid phase transitions within the membranes of this organelle. However, the specific formation of fascicular and spiral SER may also involve some additional factor, possibly a protein.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 134
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Heart ; Myocardium ; Ultrastructure ; Antarctic fish ; Icefish
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The structural and ultrastructural characteristics of the heart of Channichthys rhinoceratus, an antarctic teleost devoid of respiratory pigments, are described and compared with those obtained from the red-blooded related species Notothenia rossii. The heart of the icefish is characterized by a spongy myocardium supplied with a highly developed arterial coronary system. This vasculature includes a subepicardial system and an extensive intratrabecular capillary network. Arterial hilar network and Thebesian vessels may also be present. The bulbus arteriosus shows unusually large spheroid structures located in the middle layer of the wall. Both white- and red-blooded species display comparable myocardial cell morphology and organelle distribution. However, the mitochondrial cristae of the former are more densely packed and the sarcolemma possesses numerous caveolae. A large proportion of non-contractile cells is also found in the icefish ventricular wall.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 135
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Endostyle ; Autoradiography ; Ultrastructure ; Iodination ; Amphioxus, adult (Branchiostoma lanceolatum)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The site of iodination in the endostyle of the adult amphioxus was examined by light-and electron-microscopic autoradiography. In accordance with previous studies, light-microscopic autoradiography showed a distinct accumulation of autoradiographic grains at the apical end of epithelial cells in the lateral part of the endostyle. In the electron microscope two distinct cellular zones were identified in an approximate position of the light-microscopic zone 5. Zone 5a, not previously recognized, was adjacent to zone 4 and consisted of six to nine rows of cells free of characteristic granules. Cells in zone 5b contained large “mucous” granules and had, in previous ultrastructural studies, been identified as belonging to the typical zone 5. Four or less incomplete rows of granule-containing cells, not observed in previous studies, marked the border between zones 5b and 6. After incubation in 125I for 5 min, electron-microscopic autoradiography showed a selective concentration of label to zone 5a, which, thus, corresponds to the iodination centre seen in the light microscope. The grains were associated with cilia and microvilli in the lumen. After longer incubation times (30, 60, 90 min) grains were still concentrated at the surface of zone 5a but were also associated with the surface of zones 5b and 6. Grains were also located over the cytoplasm of all three zones. They were associated with vesicles and lysosome-like structures, suggesting secondary uptake of labelled products by endocytosis. Methimazole, an inhibitor of peroxidase, abolished the autoradiographic reaction. In conclusion, the site of iodination in the endostyle of amphioxus is located in zone 5a, which has not previously been ultrastructurally defined. Iodination in the endostyle is an extracellular process, but secondary uptake by endocytosis appears to occur.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 136
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 240 (1985), S. 701-704 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Maculae ; Cephalopods ; Statolith defects ; Ultrastructure ; Spinner octopus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Light and electron microscopy of the gravity receptor epithelia (maculae) of statocysts of normal and “spinner” juvenile Octopus maya showed differences between the structures of the hair cells, supporting cells, and afferent neurons of these cephalopods. The maculae of spinner animals were approximately 30% smaller in their surface area and had 40% fewer hair cells. Moreover, the average distance between randomly-chosen hair bundles in scanning electron micrographs of maculae of normal animals was significantly greater (4.33±6.47 μm) than those of maculae of spinner animals (3.38±4.90 μm; P〈0.0001). The sectional area of the supporting cell's microvilli in spinners maculae was larger (0.16±0.18 μm) than those of normal (0.10±0.10 μm; P〈0.0001) O. maya. The morphological differences observed between certain structural components of the maculae of normal and spinner O. maya may be related to the absence and/or malformation of the neuroepithelial suprastructures in spinners. This may have direct or indirect effects related to their inability to orient to gravity with these organs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 137
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 241 (1985), S. 391-397 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Fibronectin ; Gastrulation ; Immunocytochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Basal lamina ; Chicken
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructural distribution of fibronectin immunoreactivity was investigated in the chicken embryo during late gastrulation. Sites of binding of anti-fibronectin antibodies were ascribed to the basal lamina and associated structures, and to the cell surface. The fibronectin-rich basal lamina was resolved into (1) a lamina densa, which appears as a continuous, dense sheet, (2) a lamina lucida, consisting of anchoring cords between lamina densa and epithelial cells, and (3) a lamina intima, closely juxtaposed to the cell surface. Cell-surface labelling was also observed in mesoblast cells, and along the dorsal side of the deep-layer cells. The ventral side of the latter cells was poorly stained in the endophyllic crescent, except in coated pits, and more regularly stained at the level of definitive endoblast. Some structures associated with the basal lamina reacted intensely with anti-fibronectin antibodies. These are (1) the interstitial bodies, which are aggregates of extracellular material, and (2) a kind of fibril or tubule, embedded in a fibronectin matrix and mainly found in the endophyllic crescent. Some intracellular labelling was found in most deep-layer cells, in few epiblast cells, never in mesoblast cells. These results extend previous studies on the localization of fibronectin, and correlate its presence and surface topology with its postulated role in migration of mesoblast cells on the basal lamina which, chemically, constitutes an appropriate substrate.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 138
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 240 (1985), S. 153-158 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Tarsal glands ; Ultrastructure ; Apis mellifera
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Tarsal glands are located in the 6th tarsomere of adult honeybee queens, workers and drones. Their structural features are not cast or sex specific. The glandular epithelium is lined by a thin endocuticular layer. A cuticular pocket is formed from a postimaginal delamination of the cuticle secreted by the glandular epithelium. The apical plasma membrane of the glandular cells shows numerous cristae and microvilli lining large crypts that communicate with the subcuticular space. Pinocytotic vesicles, multivesicular bodies and residual dense bodies are present in the apical part of the glandular cells. The RER is well developed in perinuclear and basal parts of the glandular cells, but the Golgi apparatus is a discrete organelle without secretory granules. No exocytotic secretory structures were observed. To reach the glandular pocket, the non-proteinaceous secretory product must pass across the subcuticular space, the cuticular intima, the space between the intima and the cuticular wall, and the cuticular wall of the glandular pocket.
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  • 139
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 241 (1985), S. 623-628 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Retinal pigment epithelium ; Myeloid bodies ; Morphometry ; Ultrastructure ; Endoplasmic reticulum ; Lighting effects ; Temperature effects ; Urodeles
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Myeloid bodies (MBs) are specialized regions of endoplasmic reticulum which occur in the retinal pigment epithelium of a number of vertebrate species. In the newt, Notophthalmus viridescens, the effects of temperature and brief exposure to bright flashed-light on myeloid bodies have been studied. Morphometric analysis has shown that in animals sampled at 06.30 h, myeloid body sectional area remained unchanged in animals maintained in the cold (1°C), compared with control animals at 15°C, whereas phagosome area was significantly increased. At higher temperatures (30° C), myeloid body area was observed to decline from control values, while phagosome area was substantially increased. During the first 2 h of the light phase of a normal (15° C) 12:12 LD lighting cycle, myeloid-body sectional area dropped significantly from values recorded in the latter part of the dark phase. This reduction of MB area at the normal time of “lights-on” was greatly reduced when animals experienced an extended period of darkness. When animals experiencd a bright flashed-light at the normal time of “lights-on”, followed by a period of extended darkness, reduction in MB area was less pronounced when compared to cycled control animals. These results are discussed in the context of the hypothesis (Yorke and Dickson 1984) that MBs represent a temporary storage site for lipids entering the pigment epithelium after phagocytosis of shed outer segment tips, prior to their permanent storage in lipid droplets. These results are consistent with the proposal that myeloid bodies are removed from the cytoplasm of the newt pigment epithelium by metabolic processes which are active over time, but accelerated by increased temperatures or the presence of light.
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  • 140
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Skeletal muscles ; Ultrastructure ; Exercise ; Glycogen ; Humans
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Distribution of glycogen particles in semithin and ultrathin sections of biopsy samples from human muscles subjected to either short- or long-term running were investigated using PAS and Periodic Acid-ThioSemiCarbazide-Silver Proteinate (PA-TSC-SP) staining methods. Glycogen particles were predominantly found immediately under the sarcolemma or aligned along the myofibrillar Iband. After long-term exhaustive exercise type-1 fibers with a few or no glycogen particles in the core of the fibers were frequently observed. The subsarcolemmal glycogen stores of these “depleted” type-1 fibers were about three times as large as after exhaustive short-time exercise. Another indication of utilization of subsarcolemmal glycogen stores during anaerobic exercise was that many particles displayed a pale, rudimentary shape. This observation suggests fragmental metabolization of glycogen. Thus, depending on type of exercise and type of fiber differential and sequential glycogen utilization patterns can be observed.
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  • 141
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Schlagwort(e): Calcium localization ; Coccolithophorids ; Emiliania huxleyi ; Pyroantimonate ; Ultrastructure ; X-ray microanalysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Emiliania huxleyi is a coccolithophorid with a life cycle including a stage characterized by the occurrence of a scale-bearing cell type. The scales are composed of organic material and are produced in the cisternae of the Golgi apparatus. The present report deals with the ultrastructural calcium localization in scale-bearing cells using cation-precipitating agents. Cations were precipitated either with potassium pyroantimonate alone or according to a combined procedure in which cells are treated first with potassium oxalate, or potassium carbonate, or potassium phosphate, and then with potassium pyroantimonate. The distribution of electron-opaque deposits was the same when visualized by all four techniques. The most extensive deposits occurred in the Golgi apparatus, the “peripheral space” (a cellular compartment totally encompassing the protoplast), the multivesicular bodies, and the cell vacuole. X-ray microanalysis revealed that calcium was a constituent of the electron-opaque deposits. The uptake and transport of calcium, as universal functions of the Golgi apparatus, are discussed.
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  • 142
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Protoplasma 124 (1985), S. 175-183 
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Schlagwort(e): Division polarity ; Hornworts ; Microtubules ; Mitosis ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Preprophase in the monoplastidic mitotic cells ofPhaeoceros andNotothylas is characterized by the establishment of a division site in the absence of a typical preprophase band. The future cytokinetic plane is predicted by plastid orientation and development of an elaborate preprophasic microtubule system perpendicular to the division plane. Division of the single plastid is initiated early in preprophase and the constricting plastid migrates to a position perpendicular to the future plane of division. Plastid orientation assures that division of the plastid by mid-constriction will result in distribution of a plastid to each daughter cell. Microtubules parallel the long axis of the plastid and are most numerous adjacent to the nucleus which becomes elongated in the future spindle axis. We conclude that the division site is a fundamental component of the cytokinetic apparatus involved in the determination of cleavage plane prior to nuclear division.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 143
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Schlagwort(e): Actinomycete ; Casuarina ; Frankia ; Freeze-substitution ; Quick-freezing ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Frankia strain HFPCcI 3 is an actinomycete isolated from root nodules ofCasuarina cunninghamiana. In culture it exhibits typicalFrankia morphology and may produce three distinct morphological forms: branching septate hyphae, terminal or intercalary sporangia, and specialized structures termed vesicles which are the purported site of nitrogenase activity. An examination of the ultrastructure of all three morphological forms using both conventional chemical fixation (CF) and quick-freezing followed by freeze-substitution (FS) reveals some interesting differences between the two fixation methods. Unique to FS material are: 1. smooth membrane profiles; 2. lack of mesosomes; 3. lack of discernible nucleoid regions with condensed chromatin; 4. clarity of cytoplasmic elements such as ribosomes and granular bodies; 5. large cytoplasmic tubules in hyphae and young sporangia; 6. outer wall layer not widely separated from the spherical portion of the vesicle, and 7. bundles of microfilaments in vesicles. The quality of preservation after FS appears to be far superior to that obtained with CF. Accordingly the structures observed after FS are thought to represent more faithfully the structure of the living cell.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 144
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Protoplasma 127 (1985), S. 163-170 
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Schlagwort(e): Aconitum vulparia ; Antipodals ; Endopolyploid cells ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructure of the antipodals ofAconitum vulparia Rchb. was studied in mature embryo sacs. Antipodal cell wall thickness varies in different parts of the cells. The antipodals resemble transfer cells with distinctly marked wall ingrowths which are particularly well developed in the chalazal part and between the antipodals. A few plasmodesmata occur in the cell wall between the antipodals and the central cell. The cytoplasm is rich in ribosomes which occur free or bound to the membranes of the well developed endoplasmic reticulum. Only in the micropylar region of the cells are some larger vacuoles found. The antipodals contain numerous mitochondria, plastids and apparently active dictyosomes. Vesicles with electron dense contents, microbodies, multivesicular bodies as well as lipid droplets and small multiple concentric cisternae are also present in the cytoplasm. The giant endopolyploid nuclei have lobed outlines, especially at the chalazal side of the nuclei. Ultrastructural features, especially the occurrence of numerous free ribosomes and the development of extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum, suggest high metabolic activity in the growing and differentiating antipodals of this species.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 145
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Protoplasma 127 (1985), S. 230-240 
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Schlagwort(e): Cytoplasmic male sterility ; Mitochondria ; Petunia hybrida ; Tapetum ; Ultrastructure ; Vacuoles
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Anther development of isogenic male fertile and cytoplasmic male sterile types ofPetunia hybrida cv. Blue Bedder is studied by electron microscopy. First deviation in sporogenesis of the sterile type, is observed during leptotene stage of the meiocytes. Initial aberration is represented by the presence of large vacuoles in the cytoplasm of the tapetal cells. These vacuoles reveal the first aspects of degeneration; no other ultrastructural differences are observed. Vacuolation is accompanied by the condensation of cytoplasmic organelles. The tapetal cells become distorted and ultrastructural aberrations in mitochondria do occur. The mitochondria elongate and contain several tubular cristae. Substantial evidence suggests, that cytoplasmic male sterility in petunia is encoded by the mitochondrial genome (Boeshore el al. 1983). However, before degeneration becomes manifest, no consistent ultrastructural differences in mitochondrial organization are observed. Abortion of the tapetum and the sporogenous tissue in cytoplasmic male sterile plants, generally follows a corresponding pattern. Ultimately, the cells are highly distorted, the nucleus is disrupted and the cytoplasm disorganized. Mitochondria and plastids degenerate and many lipid droplets are present.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 146
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Protoplasma 127 (1985), S. 128-132 
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Schlagwort(e): Ligule ; Lolium temulentum L. ; Poaceae ; Polysaccharide cytochemistry ; Secretion ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Using phosphotungstic acid and periodic acid/thiocarbohydrazide/silver proteinate (Thiéry test) aspects of polysaccharide ultracytochemistry were studied in the membranous ligule ofLolium temulentum L. Staining results are presented for all three tissues-abaxial and adaxial epidermes and mesophyll-but discussed only for the epidermes. PTA- and PATAg-staining of the adaxial epidermis suggested synthesis of a conjugated polysaccharide material in this tissue, its accumulation in the periplasmic space and its subsequent secretion to the outside of the ligule via gaps in the cuticle. The ligule of this grass is considered to be a secretory organ.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 147
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Protoplasma 128 (1985), S. 184-189 
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Schlagwort(e): Nuclear isolation ; pH ; Protoplasts ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The present communication describes an easy, efficient and rapid method for isolation of nuclei from plant protoplasts. Release of nuclei is accomplished by disruption of protoplasts in an appropriate buffer containing a very low concentration (0.01%) of the detergent Triton X-100. The pH of the nuclei isolation buffer (5.3) played a critical role in the recovery of stable nuclei in large numbers. Supplementation of buffer (10 mM MES) with spermine (0.1 mM), dithiothreitol (2.5 mM), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (2.5 mM) and Nad and KCl (10 mM each) improved nuclear yield and quality. With the method developed it is possible to routinely recover 95% nuclei from the protoplasts within 30 minutes. The nuclear preparations are of high purity with little detectable cytoplasmic contamination and no clumping of the nuclei. The structural integrity of the nuclei has been assessed and confirmed by Nomarski differential interference contrast optics and ultrastructural observations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 148
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Protoplasma 128 (1985), S. 208-217 
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Schlagwort(e): Cation exchange ; Cell wall ; Fucus virsoides ; Intertidal seaweeds ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructure of the cell wall and the distribution of alginate, cellulose and fucoidans were studied in the intertidal algaFucus virsoides. Microanalysis and precipitation with KPA revealed a cation localization in the wall, mainly corresponding with sulphated polysaccharide distribution. Thus, the adaptive resistance to changes in ionic environment seems to take place through a cation binding to the cell wall polysaccharides, principally at the thallus surface, employing an avoidance mechanism.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 149
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Schlagwort(e): Albizzia ; Cytoskeleton ; Membranes ; Motility ; Pulvinus ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Paired leaflets ofAlbizzia julibrissin spread apart (open) in the daytime and fold together (close) at night. We examined the structure of cells in open and closedAlbizzia motor organs (pulvini) to identify reversible changes in structure associated with motility. Pulvini were fixed in glutaraldehyde and stained using conventional methods. The pulvinus has a central vascular cylinder bordered by thick-walled collenchyma cells, in turn surrounded by an endodermis and many layers of cortical parenchyma. Cortical cells in the extensor undergo large changes in shape during leaflet closure linked with: formation of wall infoldings, development of a large periplasmic space filled with fibrils and membranes, development of lobes on the nucleus, evagination of the nuclear outer envelope membrane, break-up of the large central vacuole to form many small vacuoles, and linking of the plasmalemma to inner regions of the cytoplasm by microfilaments. Cortical cells in the flexor, by contrast, remain relatively stable during leaflet movement. Microtubules are present near the plasmalemma in both extensor and flexor cells; in the extensor, spherical coated vesicles are located near the microtubules. The possible function of these structures in regulating intracellular shuttling processes is discussed.
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  • 150
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Protoplasma 128 (1985), S. 224-226 
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Schlagwort(e): Blood vessels ; Myoendothelial junctions ; Teleosts ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Close contacts between endothelial and smooth muscle cells in teleost (Prochilodus scrofa) blood vessels are described for the first time in the present study. More frequently are seen finger-like, club-shaped or foot-like endothelial processes that come into close contact with the plasma membrane of a smooth muscle cell. Rarely, some myoendothelial contacts occur between the finger-like protrusions that arise from both the endothelial and from the smooth muscle cells. The functional significance of the myoendothelial connection is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 151
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Protoplasma 125 (1985), S. 24-35 
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Schlagwort(e): Coccolithophorid ; Flagellar apparatus:Pleurochrysis ; Prymnesiophyceae ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructure of the flagellar apparatus of aPleurochrysis, a coccolithophorid was studied in detail. Three major fibrous connecting bands and several accessory fibrous bands link the basal bodies, haptonema and microtubular flagellar roots. The asymmetrical flagellar root system is composed of three different microtubular roots (referred to here as roots 1,2, and 3) and a fibrous root. Root 1, associated with one of the basal bodies, is of the compound type, constructed of two sets of microtubules,viz. a broad sheet consisting of up to twenty closely aligned microtubules, and a secondary bundle made up of 100–200 microtubules which arises at right angles to the former. A thin electron-dense plate occurs on the surface of the microtubular sheet opposite the secondary bundle. The fibrous root arises from the same basal body and passes along the plasmalemma together with the microtubular sheet of root 1. Root 2 is also of the compound type and arises from one of the major connecting bands (called a distal band) as a four-stranded microtubular root and extends in the opposite direction to the haptonema. From this stranded root a secondary bundle of microtubules arises at approximately right angle. Root 3 is a more simple type, composed of at least six microtubules which are associated with the basal body. The flagellar transition region was found to be unusual for the classPrymnesiophyceae. The phylogenetic significance of the flagellar apparatus in thePrymnesiophyceae is discussed.
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  • 152
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Protoplasma 124 (1985), S. 87-95 
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Schlagwort(e): L-α-aminooxy-β-phenylpropionic acid ; Lignification ; Secondary cell wall ; Ultrastructure ; Vigna radiata ; Xylem
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary During the early development of mungbean seedlings, treatment with L-α-aminooxy-β-phenylpropionic acid (AOPP), a potent specific inhibitor of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, results in an inhibition of anthocyanin and lignin synthesis. The xylem vessels of the hypocotyl and root of AOPP treated seedlings collapse, and the cellulose microfibrils of the unlignified secondary wall are separated from one another and lie disorganized in the lumen of the mature xylem cell. The differentiation of the secondary cell wall appears unaffected by AOPP treatment, as does the ultrastructure of the wall of the mature phloem fibers of the root which is also lignified in untreated tissue. The results are discussed in the light of current thinking on the role and development of lignification in the xylem vessel.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 153
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Schlagwort(e): First pollen mitosis ; Gasteria verrucosa ; Male plastid inheritance ; Pollen development ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary This paper describes the development of pollen grains ofGasteria verrucosa from the late microspore to the mature two-cellular pollen grain. Ultrastructural changes and the distribution of plastids as a result of the first pollen mitosis have been investigated using light and electron microscopy. The microspores as well as the generative and the vegetative cell contain mitochondria and other cytoplasmic organelles during all of the observed developmental stages. In contrast, the generative cell and the vegetative cell show a different plastid content. Plastids are randomly distributed within the microspores before pollen mitosis. During the prophase of the first pollen mitosis the plastids become clustered at the proximal pole of the microspore. The dividing nucleus of the microspore is located at the distal pole of the microspore. Therefore, the plastids are not equally distributed into both the generative and the vegetative cell. The possible reasons for the polarization of plastids within the microspore are briefly discussed. The lack of plastids in the generative cell causes a maternal inheritance of plastids inGasteria verrucosa.
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  • 154
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Protoplasma 126 (1985), S. 1-18 
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Schlagwort(e): Mitosis ; Ultrastructure ; Phylogeny ; Basidiomycotina ; Tulasnella araneosa
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary This is a report of a light and electron microscopic study of mitosis in the basidiomycetous fungusTulasnella araneosa. The study employs serial section analyses of nuclei preselected with fluorescence microscopy. It is the first such study of nuclear division in theTulasnellaceae and the first of conjugately dividing nuclei in basidiomycetous hyphal segments lacking clamp connections. Mitosis inT. araneosa is unusual in that the spindle pole body (SPB) develops asymmetrically; the SPB middle piece is large and transversely curved; and the nuclear envelopes of adjacent late anaphase nuclei fuse. Analyses of mitotic characteristics used for phylogenetic purposes indicate that, of the many characters available, only SPB characteristics are presently valuable. Available evidence indicates that the SPB ofT. araneosa is more different from that ofUredinales than it is from representatives of the other four orders ofBasidiomycotina that have been thoroughly studied.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 155
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Protoplasma 127 (1985), S. 204-211 
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Schlagwort(e): Biogenesis ; Cytochemistry ; Ribonucleoprotein bodies ; Ribosomes ; Timmiella barbuloides (Musci) ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Vegetative cells of the gametophyte phase of the mossTimmiella barbuloides (Pottiales) are characterized by large cytoplasmic bodies of spherical shape (SBs) whose ribonucleoprotein composition is cytochemically demonstrated. SBs seem to be derived from massive aggregation of cytoplasmic ribosomes, with possible participation by rough endoplasmic reticulum elements. SBs have been found in stereids, parenchymatous cells and young hydroids of the gametophyte stem, and in euricysts of the leaf nerve. The SBs develop early in the course of cell differentiation and, once formed, persist until advanced stages of cell senescence.
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  • 156
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Schlagwort(e): Plasmodesmata ; Ultrastructure ; Freeze-fracture ; Salt glands
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Numerous plasmodesmata occur in the walls between the secretory cells ofTamarix salt glands. The plasmalemma bounds the plasmodesmata and is continuous from cell to cell. In freeze-fracture, the e-face of the plasmalemma within the plasmodesmata is virtually devoid of intramembranous particles while, in contrast, the p-face is decidedly enriched with particles. The axial components appear to be a tightly curved membrane bilayer, as judged from measurements and their appearance in freeze-fracture, and the e-face of this membrane is also devoid of particles. Observations from both thin sections and freeze-fracture replicas indicate the presence of a circular cluster of six particles around the axial component near the cytoplasmic termini of the plasmodesmata. These particles extend from the p-face of the axial component to the p-face of the plasmalemma. These observations are summarized in a model.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 157
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Schlagwort(e): Acacia terminalis ; Extrafloral nectary ; Histochemistry ; Secretion ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The extrafloral nectary ofAcacia terminalis is of the flat type and is located on the adaxial surface of the petiole of the bipinnate leaf. The secretory area is restricted to the base of the trough and no gaps or pores were detected by staining with vital dyes. Between the vascular bundles beneath the nectary and the surface cuticle there were three cell types. The cells of the flanking zone adjacent to the vascular bundles did not appear to be producing secretion whereas the cells of the glandular and secretory zones were secreting. The cells of the glandular zone were elongated whereas those of the surface secretory zone were spherical. Both had endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi bodies with secretory vesicles which were observed in close association with the plasmalemma. Secretion accumulated in the intercellular spaces of the glandular zone cells and forced the cells of the secretory zone apart. Symplastic contact was maintained in all cell types by plasmodesmata which were often associated with endoplasmic reticulum. Secretion accumulated beneath the cuticle which was distended but remained intact on the surface of the secretion.
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  • 158
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Schlagwort(e): Azolla ; Anabaena ; Symbiosis ; Nitrogen fixation ; Trichome ; Transfer cell ; Ontogeny ; Ultrastructure ; Gland ; Metabolite exchange
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Anabaena azollae is associated with two types of multicellular epidermal trichomes inAzolla leaf cavities, the simple and branched hairs. The observation of transfer cell ultrastructure in some hair cells led to speculation that the cavity hairs might participate in metabolite exchange between the symbionts. The developmental ontogeny of cavity trichomes is described here, using transmission electron microscopy, with a goal of improving our understanding of possible functions of these structures in the symbiosis. The observations have established that all cells of simple and branched hairs develop the structural characteristics of transfer cells, but not simultaneously. Rather, there is an acropetal succession of transfer cell ultrastructure beginning in terminal cells, moving to body cells where present, and ending in stalk cells. The transfer cell stage is followed immediately by senescence in all hair cells. The timing of transfer cell differentiation, considered together with information from other studies, suggests that branched hairs may be involved in exchange of fixed nitrogen between the symbionts, while simple hairs may participate in exchange of fixed carbon fromAzolla toAnabaena.
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  • 159
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Protoplasma 128 (1985), S. 107-119 
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Schlagwort(e): Actinorhizal root nodules ; Development ; N2 fixation ; Elaeagnus ; Frankia ; Symbiosis ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary A correlated light and electron microscopic study was undertaken of the initiation and development of root nodules of the actinorhizal tree species,Elaeagnus angustifolia L. (Elaeagnaceae). Two pure culturedFrankia strains were used for inoculation of plants in either standing water culture or axenic tube cultures. Unlike the well known root hair infection of other actinorhizal genera such asAlnus orMyrica the mode of infection ofElaeagnus in all cases was by direct intercellular penetration of the epidermis and apoplastic colonization of the root cortex. Root hairs were not involved in this process and were not observed to be deformed or curled in the presence of the actinomyceteFrankia. In response to the invasion of the root, host cells secreted a darkly staining material into the intercellular spaces. The colonizingFrankia grew through this material probably by enzymatic digestion as suggested by clear dissolution zones around the hyphal strands. A nodule primordium was initiated from the root pericycle, well in advance of the colonizingFrankia. No random division of root cortical cells, indicative of prenodule formation was observed inElaeagnus. As the nodule primordium grew in size it was surrounded by tanninised cells of a protoperiderm. The endophyte easily traversed this protoperiderm, and once inside the nodule primordium cortex ramified within the intercellular spaces at multiple cell junctions. Invasion of the nodule cortical cells occurred when a hyphal branch of the endophyte was initiated and grew through the plant cell wall, again by apparent enzymatic digestion. The plant cell plasmalemma of invaded cells always remained intact and numerous secretory vesicles fused with it to encapsulate the advancingFrankia within a fibrous cell wall-like material. Once within the host cell some endophyte cells began to differentiate into characteristic vesicles which are the presumed site of nitrogen fixation. This study clearly demonstrates that alternative developmental pathways exist for the development of actinorhizal nitrogen-fixing root symbioses.
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  • 160
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Protoplasma 125 (1985), S. 94-102 
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Schlagwort(e): Biogenesis ; Plasma membrane ; Regeneration ; Ultrastructure ; Paramecium
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Fragments ofParamecium caudatum cells obtained by merotomy were fixed in 1% OsO4 within 5 seconds after cutting. The ultrastructure of the damaged area of the fragment was studied in oriented ultrathin sections and by scanning electron microscopy. The cytoplasm exposed by merotomy was covered during a few seconds with a new membrane. This was a typical trilaminar membrane continuous with the plasma membrane covering the undamaged surface of the cell. The surface over the wound was wrinkled into irregular grooves and ridges. The cytoplasm, mitochondria and trichocysts in the injured region were electron translucent. The cytoplasm under the new membrane contained an unusually high amount of small membrane vesicles, 20–90 nm in diameter. These were probably the remnants of subpellicular alveoli and the plasma membrane destroyed by microsectioning. The possibility that the exposed cytoplasm would be covered by mere shifting of the existing plasma membrane can be excluded. The complex structure of the cortex with its subpellicular alveoli and regularly distributed cilia provide a strong argument against this notion. It seems probable that the new membrane was built up from the available molecular material,e.g., phospholipids and proteins present in the cytoplasm. Fragments of the membrane and alveolar membranes in the form of small vesicles may have also been included into the new membrane.
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  • 161
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Protoplasma 125 (1985), S. 140-151 
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Schlagwort(e): Mitosis ; Cytokinesis ; Alga ; Isochrysis ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Mitosis and cytokinesis have been studied in the flagellate algaIsochrysis galbana Parke (Prymnesiophyceae). Nuclear division is preceded by replication of the flagella and haptonema, the Golgi body and the chloroplast; fission in the chloroplast occurs in the region of the pyrenoid. During prophase, spindle microtubules radiating from two ill-defined poles are formed. The nuclear envelope breaks down and the chromatin condenses. At metaphase the spindle is fully developed, some pole-to-pole microtubules passing through the well-defined chromatin plate, others terminating at it. No kinetochores or individual chromosomes were observed. By late metaphase, many Golgi-derived vesicles may be seen against the two poleward faces of the metaphase plate. During anaphase, the two daughter masses of chromatin move towards the poles. In early telophase, the nuclear envelope of each daughter nucleus is complete only on the side towards the adjacent chloroplast, remaining open on the interzonal side. However, during telophase each nucleus becomes reorientated so that it lies lateral to the long axis of the spindle and with its open side towards the chloroplasts. By late telophase, each new nuclear envelope is complete and confluence with the adjacent chloroplast ER established. Cytokinesis and subsequent segregation of the daughter cells are effected by the dilation of Golgi- and ER-derived vesicles in the interzonal region. No microtubular structures are involved. Comparisons with the results from other studies of mitosis in members of thePrymnesiophyceae show that they all have a number of features in common, but that there are differences in detail between species.
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  • 162
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 366 (1985), S. 703-703 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Schlagwort(e): Ultrastructure ; Peritoneum ; Bacterial peritonitis ; Ultrastruktur ; Peritoneum ; Bakterielle Peritonitis ; Rasterelektronenmikroskopie
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Studienergebnisse über eine dreijährige rasterelektronenmikroskopische and transmissionselektronenmikroskopische Untersuchung des Peritoneums ergaben, daß bei Patienten mit bakterieller Peritonitis die Mesothelzellen abgerundet sind, keine langen Mikrovilli im Peritoneum parietale ausgebildet werden, jedoch auf der Oberfläche Fibrinablagerungen, Epithelaufbrüche und Kollagenfasern feststellbar sind. Die Abwehrmechanismen bei Peritonitis beginnen mit Kontraktion der Mesothelzellen and Bildung von Intercellularspalten Bowie Stomata. Bei fortgeschrittener Peritonitis kommt es zur Destruktion des Mesothels mit Epithelaufbrüchen and Mobilisation von Epithelzellen zum Zwecke der Phagocytose.
    Notizen: Summary The human peritoneum was studied by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, which demonstrated oval-shaped mesothelial cells, disappearance of the long microvilli at the parietal peritoneum, fibrinous membranes, collagenous fibrillae, and epithelial cracks in cases of bacterial peritonitis. The defense mechanism begins with mesothelial cell contractions and then formation of intercellular gaps and stomata. In advanced peritonitis, the mesothelial cells disintegrate with cracks and are finally mobilized for phagocytosis. After continuous peritoneal lavage, the cellular structures of the human peritoneum appear almost normal.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 163
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 2 (1985), S. 11-28 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Schlagwort(e): Ultrastructure ; Semithick sections ; Three-dimensional ; Serial sections ; Stereomicroscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
    Notizen: Many transmission electron microscopes are available which can be used to examine biological material in 0.25-0.50-μm-thick sections. When compared to the traditional thin section, these “semithick” sections possess a number of inherent advantages: They can be screened for content with the phase contrast light microscope, they facilitate many types of studies requiring an analysis of serial sections, and they are frequently the optimum thickness for stereomicroscopy. Structures such as microtubule-associated components, as well as structural relationships between cellular constituents, may also be clearly visible in semithick sections which are not visible, or go unnoticed, in thin sections. Together these advantages enable an investigator to obtain a more complete three-dimensional picture of a cell or cell component in a significantly (i.e., up to 90%) shorter period of time than would be required if thin sections were used. Semithick sections may, therefore, make a study feasible which is not approachable, or which is approachable only with great difficulty, by conventional thin sectioning techniques.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 164
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 2 (1985), S. 305-351 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Schlagwort(e): Tumor ; Diagnosis ; Electron microscopy ; Ultrastructure ; Pathology ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
    Notizen: The ultrastructural diagnosis of tumors requires a careful analysis that should be done in an orderly fashion. It requires precise planning from the time of specimen collection to the selection of the area to be examined. Pictures must be taken systematically and every micrograph should allow to answer whether the number of cells photographed is adequate; whether mitoses are present, what is the pattern of the tumor; what is the appearance of the cell membrane; whether the cells are joined by junctional complexes; whether free surfaces possess microvilli or cilia; what organelles are present and how they are distributed; whether there are secretory granules, melanosomes, or other cytoplasmic elements. Nuclear and nucleolar size and shape have to be taken into consideration. The composition of the interstitial extracellular matrix is important in certain types of tumors. Although these questions are not the only ones to be addressed, their use in a logical fashion is helpful when it concerns the ultrastructural diagnosis.
    Zusätzliches Material: 70 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 165
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 384 (1979), S. 93-102 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Primary aldosteronism ; Adrenal adenomata ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Adenomata taken from 25 patients with primary aldosteronism were observed by electron microscopy. The cells in the adenoma had a well developed agranular endoplasmic reticulum but granular endoplasmic reticulum was not prominent. Most of the mitochondria resembled those in the cells of the zona glomerulosa, suggesting that the adenomata which caused primary aldosteronism are derived from this zone. Spironolactone bodies were found in the cells of the adenoma from a patient who received spironolactone. Their appearance was identical to that descrived in previous reports.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 166
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 225 (1979), S. 57-65 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Schlagwort(e): NZB/NZW-Maus ; Ultrastruktur ; Submandibulare Speicheldrüse ; Lymphocyten ; Autoimmunes Leiden ; NZB/NZW mouse ; Ultrastructure ; Submandibular gland ; Lymphocytes ; Autoimmune disease
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary An electron microscopic study of the submandibular salivary gland lesion occurring in the NZB/NZW F1 hybrid mice was performed, and the findings were discussed and correlated to the autoimmune salivary gland disease observed in patients with Sjögren's syndrome. Within the submandibular salivary gland of this mouse strain focal infiltrates of mononuclear inflammatory cells were observed. Lymphoid cells were observed inside the basal lamina of acini and ducts, leading to destruction of these glandular units. The typical duct cell proliferation found in the autoimmune sialoadenitis of Sjögren's syndrome with the formation of the typical epimyoepithelial islands was not found in the submandibular glands of NZB/NZW mice.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Eine elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchung der bei den NZB/NZW F1 hybriden Mäusen vorkommenden Veränderungen in den submandibularen Speicheldrüsen wurde durchgeführt, und die Befunde wurden diskutiert und korreliert mit dem autoimmunen Speicheldrüsenleiden, das bei Patienten mit Sjögrens-Syndrom beobachtet wird. In der submandibularen Speicheldrüse dieses Mäusestammes wurden begrenzte Infiltrationen mononuklearer inflammatorischer Zellen beobachtet. Die mononuklearen Zellen wurden hauptsächlich als lymphoide Zellen identifiziert. Außerdem wurden innerhalb der Lamina basilaris von Drüsen und Drüsengängen lymphoide Zellen beobachtet, die zur Zerstörung dieser Drüseneinheiten führen. Darüber hinaus wurde der typische Zuwachs der Drüsengangszellen, der bei der autoimmunen Speicheldrüsenentzündung des Sjögrens-Syndroms vorkommt und die Form von typischen epimyoepithelialen Inseln annimmt, in den submandibularen Drüsen der NZB/NZW-Mäuse nicht vorgefunden.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 167
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 224 (1979), S. 31-35 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Schlagwort(e): Intracellular potentials ; Ultrastructure ; Hair cells ; Labyrinth receptors ; Reptilia (Crocodilia, Gekkonidae)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Different biopotentials, following a mechanical stimulus, were recorded from single hair cells of the reptilian labyrinth, with electronoptically circumscript localizations: 1. From the apical cell pole, the receptor potential, intracellular or from the ciliary surface, within the physiological range proportional to stimulus amplitude, frequency or phase, without delay, and with no real threshold of mechanosensitivity, as measured by ciliary displacement amplitude or velocity. 2. From the synaptic zone, in the basal region of the hair cell, or from contacting nerve endings, the synaptic potentials, local excitatory or inhibitory processes, respectively, with measurable latencies and with non-linear distortion. 3. From the (dendritic) endings of the first afferent neuron (or neurons), spike-shaped action potentials, synchronized by the (excitatory) synaptic potentials. Characteristic curves were plotted as a quantitative representation of the mechano-electric input-output relations of the different types of hair cells. For proceeding morphological and physiological system analysis, the comparison of the different submammalian inner-ear receptor systems gives us some new possibilities of a closer correlation between ultrastructure and function.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 168
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 28 (1979), S. 43-56 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Bone resorption ; Osteogenesis ; Fish bone ; Osteocytes ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Summary The comparative ultrastructure of fish bone osteogenesis and resorption induced by scale removal was described in the osteocytic (cellular-boned)Carassius auratus and the anosteocytic (acellular-boned)Tilapia macrocephala. Osteocytes, present in osteocytic bone, were lacking in anosteocytic bone. In osteocytic bone the osteoblast secreted a collagenous preosseous matrix in which it became enmeshed and then was termed a preosteocyte. When the preosseous matrix mineralized, the preosteocyte was termed an osteocyte and was completely surrounded by bone. In anosteocytic bone the osteoblasts receded from the mineralizing front and never became trapped as osteocytes. During resorption, types A and B resorptive cells, present in both bone types, invaded the matrix and demineralized the osseous zone. These cells were characterized by large amounts of granular endoplasmic reticulum and intracellular inclusions containing crystal-like material. Although functionally similar to mammalian osteoclasts, these cells lacked a characteristic ruffled border and were not multinucleated. The osteocytes of cellular bone did not appear to be involved during demineralization.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 169
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 35 (1979), S. 249-267 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Schlagwort(e): Abducens nucleus (cat) ; Peroxidase ; Neurones ; Synapses ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Light and electron microscope studies of the abducens nucleus in the cat have disclosed two populations of neurones: large neurones 25 to 75 μm in diameter and small neurones 10 to 25 μm in diameter. Characteristic of the large neurones are a highly developed granular endoplasmic reticulum and a large number of axo-somatic synapses. The small neurones have a poorly developed granular endoplasmic reticulum and comparative by few axo-somatic synapses. Injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the ipsilateral lateral rectus muscle has been used to identify abducens motoneurones which represent 65% of the total number of cells in the abducens nucleus and form part of the large cell population. The remaining unlabelled large neurones (30% of the large cell population) probably represent motoneurones of the retractor bulbi muscles, abducens motoneurones which have failed to transport the HRP, and possibly internuclear neurones. The small neurones (5% of the total cell population) were never labelled by HRP. Axo-somatic and axo-dendritic synapses are numerous. Many of the synaptic terminals form contacts with two or more different postsynaptic elements. Axo-axonic synapses and synapses on the initial segments of large neurones are also present. Nodal synapses and branching of myelinated axons are common findings. Finally, extended areas of close apposition between dendritic membranes are frequently observed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 170
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 36 (1979), S. 107-118 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Schlagwort(e): Rat ; Hypoglossal nucleus ; Ultrastructure ; Second axotomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The left hypoglossal nerve of adult male albino rats was prevented from regenerating to the tongue after a distal axotomy by implanting the proximal stump into normally innervated left sternomastoid muscle. Eighty-four days after implantation, the hypoglossal nerve was transected again and its regeneration to the tongue unimpeded. From 8 to 70 days after this second axotomy the left hypoglossal nuclei were processed for quantitative ultrastructural analysis. The first aim of this study was to compare regeneration success in the hypoglossal nucleus after second axotomy with that accompanying outgrowth of the hypoglossal nerve into denervated sternomastoid muscle. During quantitative analysis a second aim developed, of elucidating bouton/glial relationships. The second axotomy induced loss and return of subsurface cisterns, dispersal and reassembly of Nissl substance, increase and decrease of microglial numbers, slight further loss and partial return of boutons with clear spherical vesicles and symmetrical synapses, slight increase and decrease of boutons with clear flat vesicles and symmetrical synapses, regrowth of retracted dendrites and restoration of their synapses, and gradual diminution of numbers of electron-dense neurones and dendrites. Astrocytes remained hypertrophied throughout. When compared with events in the hypoglossal nucleus accompanying innervation of denervated sternomastoid muscle by the hypoglossal nerve, the results suggest (1) that regeneration of the hypoglossal nerve to its own tongue muscle instead of to a foreign muscle caused no acceleration of recovery in the hypoglossal nucleus, and (2) that the microglial response is dependent on nerve integrity and not on bouton behaviour.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 171
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 384 (1979), S. 307-324 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Calcifying odontogenic cyst ; Dysplastic dentin ; Hornified cells ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Four new cases of calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC) were studied by light- and electronmicroscope. The ages of the patients were between 20 and 68 years. Three cysts were located in the maxilla, the other was in the mandible. The history of two patients was followed up for five and ten years respectively. The longer the history the bigger were the cysts. All cysts showed histologically identical alterations of the epithelium with 1) a pronounced cylindrical basal cell layer, 2) cells resembling stellate reticulum, and 3) ghost cells. So called dysplastic dentin was laid down in the connective tissue only in the two cases with a long history. Ultrastructurally the odontogenic epithelium of all cysts showed keratinization similar to the epidermis. Two types of keratinization are known to occur in the epidermis, soft keratinization with keratohyalin granules in ortho- and parakeratosis, and hard keratinization without keratohyalin granules in nails (horn). Both types of keratinization occur in odontogenic epithelium. The COC is an example of hard keratinization. Ghost cells form prekeratin which in turn becomes horn and is found in areas of confluent ghost cells and in the so called dysplastic dentin. We conclude that the alteration of odontogenic epithelium in COC and in special odontogenic tumors is a secondary phenomenon resembling ortho- and parakeratosis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 172
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 384 (1979), S. 347-355 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Exfoliation syndrome ; Non-glaucomatous eye ; Trabecular meshwork ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The trabecular meshwork of a non-glaucomatous eye with the exfoliation syndrome was investigated. The exfoliation material was found mainly in massive deposits in the subendothelial region of the outer and inner wall of Schlemm's canal, in the cribriform area and the uveal meshwork. The other alterations of the trabeculum corneosclerale corresponded to the age of the patient. The concept that the accumulation of exfoliation material is an important pathogenetic factor in the development of glaucoma was not confirmed by this study.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 173
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Hexachlorobenzene ; Liver ; Ultrastructure ; Porphyrins ; Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Groups of female rats were treated orally with 0.5, 2.0, 8.0, and 32 mg/kg hexachlorobenzene twice a week for 203 days. The liver content of hexachlorobenzene was found to be dose-dependent. In the animals treated with the highest dose the concentration was 273 μg/g hexachlorobenzene. In the fresh and fixed hepatic tissue of the treated animals pink fluorescence was observed. Electron microscopy revealed a dose dependent enlargement of all hepatocytes due to proliferation of the SER in the centrolobular area or to increased glycogen deposits (β- or α-particles) and SER in the intermediary and periportal area. Numerous porphyrin deposits and siderosomes, intimate disorganisation and moderate dislocation of the RER and a moderate enlargement of bizarre-shaped mitochondria were recognized. The relationship between porphyrin crystals and mitochondria on the one hand and between SER and glycogen deposits on the other is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 174
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 382 (1979), S. 191-200 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Rheumatoid arthritis ; Muscle spindles ; Neuromuscular spindles ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Ultrastructural features of muscle spindles were studied in biopsy material from 100 patients suffering from classical rheumatoid arthritis. Thickening of the outer capsule, increased amount of extracellular ground substance within the inner capsule, and marked thickening of the basement membrane of capillary blood vessels supplying the muscle spindles were observed. Chronic inflammatory cells and macrophages were present within the spindles. Changes affecting the intrafusal muscle fibres were also seen. They were manifest as atrophy and degeneration of the intrafusal muscle fibres, absence of the specialised junctional complexes, and of the intercellular bridges, microladders and satellite cells. It is suggested that the changes affecting the intrafusal muscle fibres are probably secondary. Damage to the myelinated nerves was present, while the sensory and motor nerve endings were well preserved.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 175
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 382 (1979), S. 201-216 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Meningioma ; Ultrastructure ; Classification
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary We examined 23 meningiomas by electron microscopy. In each case it was possible to distinguish certain cells with epithelial features (desmosomes, microfilaments, interdigitating extensions) and others with fibroblastic features (collagen fibers). Others cells of transitional form were also seen. The proportion of these cellular types is variable, making it possible to classify meningiomas into seven types progressing gradually from a purely epithelial type to a purely fibroblastic one. We found no important ultrastructural abnormalities in the cells. These case reports confirm the uniqueness of meningiomas, which are composed of variously shaped cells but have their origin from a single cellular type. This has double potentiality for fibroblastic and epithelial differentiation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 176
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 382 (1979), S. 237-243 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Giant cell tumors of tendon sheath ; Soft tissue tumors ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A benign, but aggressive, giant cell tumor of tendon sheath developed over a period of 20 years into a metastasizing, histologically malignant giant cell tumor. Ultrastructure of the malignant tumor showed the same five cell types as described in giant cell tumors of tendon sheath. Even the same crystals were identified in the osteoblast-like and osteoclast-like cells. It therefore appears reasonable to assume that giant cell tumors of tendon sheath indeed are neoplasms with a malignant potential and not an inflammatory reaction of synovial cells as previously suggested. Both the benign and malignant tumors seem to be of mesenchymal derivation with partial osseous differentiation. No ultrastructural similarities with fibrous histiocytoma were apparent.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 177
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 383 (1979), S. 181-193 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Graves' disease ; Preoperative treatment ; Ultrastructure ; Antithyroid drug treatment ; Lithium ; Cellular involution
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary This electron microscopic study is based on 12 cases of toxic goiter treated preoperatively with iodide, thionamides and lithium. Essential features of Graves' disease include hypertrophy of the follicular epithelium, papillary follicular infoldings and frequently, lymphocytic infiltration and fibrosis. After preoperative therapy most thyroid glands show involutional changes of varying degree with reaccumulation of colloid and flattening of the follicular epithelium. In a small number of histologically examined cases (n=84) colloid goitre (13%) and nodular goitre (8%) were noted. Lymphocytic infiltration and interstitial fibrosis do not show any correlation with preoperative treatment. Ultrastructurally, different stages of cellular involution are seen. The hypertrophic follicular cell shows an increased cell surface with numerous long microvilli and some pseudopodia at the apical border and an occasionally thickened, basal lamina. The cytoplasm contains a well developed system of organelles which synthesizes (rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, cytoplasmic vesicles) and degrades (colloid droplets, lysosomes) thyroglobulin. With increasing cellular atrophy we found cells to be reduced in size but to contain well developed thyroglobulin-synthesizing organelles. Finally, we observed completely atrophic flat cells with only a few organelles. There are at date no electron microscopic communications on lithiumpretreated thyroid glands. After lithium therapy characteristic changes are observed at the membranes of the cytocavitary system, which are often found to be thin and occasionally to be damaged. The rough endoplasmic reticulum is virtually deprived of ribosomes and the Golgi apparatus seems to be underdeveloped. The number of apical microvilli is reduced. The morphological findings following iodide-, thionamide- and lithium pretreatment in Graves' disease are discussed in light of recent biochemical results.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 178
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 381 (1979), S. 189-203 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Pseudomalignant ossifying myositis ; Ultrastructure ; Myofibroblasts ; Macrophages ; Pathogenesis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Seven cases of pseudomalignant ossifying myositis with a typical clinical symptomatology have been reported. None of the cases had experienced an injury. All the lesions were intramuscular and all of them showed a zonal arrangement. Electron microscopy in three cases allowed the demonstration of cells showing morphological features of myofibroblasts and monocytic cells of the macrophage type. These previously unreported features together with the zonal pattern of the lesions indicate their reparative nature.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 179
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 381 (1979), S. 121-139 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Myxofibrosarcoma ; Fibroblast ; Histiocyte ; Myofibroblast ; Sarcoma ; Soft tissue tumour ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary An ultrastructural study of 11 myxofibrosarcomas is presented. The tumours were graded light-microscopically on a four-point scale according to cellularity, cell atypia and mitotic activity, as described in a previous paper: 3 were grade I, 2 grade II, 4 grade III and 2 grade IV. Fibroblast-like and myofibroblast-like cells predominated in the grade I and II tumours, while histiocyte-like cells were relatively few; in grade III and IV tumours histiocyte-like cells predominated. The fibroblast-like cells were spindle-shaped with fairly smoothly outlined nuclei, and contained abundant parallel membranes and wide cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum. The histocyte-like cells were irregular in shape and showed indented nuclei with large nucleoli and coarse, peripherally arranged clumps of heterochromatin. The cytoplasm of these cells showed prominent pseudopodiae, microvillous projections, conspicuous systems of vesicles and vacuoles, inclusions of lipid and pigment, numerous lysosomal structures and large digestive vacuoles indicating auto- and exophagocytosis. The myofibroblast-like cells showed abundance of parallelly arranged cytoplasmic microfilaments with dense body-like structures and condensation at the plasmic membrane. Occasional cells appeared to be intermediate forms and primitive looking, undifferentiated cells were also encountered. A few multinucleated tumours cells were seen in the grade IV tumours. Thus, the present study shows the composite fibroblastic, myofibroblastic and histiocytic character of the tumour cells of myxofibrosarcoma; the grade III and IV tumours, with a tendency to contain solid areas, seem to be closely related to the pleomorphic type of malignant fibrous histiocytoma.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 180
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 382 (1979), S. 217-226 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Axonal swelling ; Spheroid ; Dystrophic axon ; Ultrastructure ; Human gracile nucleus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The morphology of the spheroids in human gracile nuclei was studied by light and electron microscopy. Various spheroids encountered in the present study could be classified into three types based on the internal structure: The first one was chiefly composed of many irregular homogeneous dense bodies, multivesicular bodies and mitochondria. The dense bodies seemed to deposit multicentrically in an axon in the early stage of “balloon” formation and coalesce to form larger ones. The second was characterized by a marked accumulation of closely approximated mitochondria and dense concentric bodies. In the third the most characteristic findings were neurofibrillary accumulation and aggregations of dense bodies. These findings showed some divergence from those of dystrophic axons and the last two mimic those of degenerative or regenerative axons, which suggested that axonal swelling (including dystrophic axon) is not characteristic reaction of specific disease but rather nonspecific one to a variety of noxious stimuli. With light microscope, it was difficult to distinguish balloons with different structures since they were quite diverse and manifold in their shape, size, appearance and stainability. Intra-axonal corpora amylacea were seen in most cases and their incidence appeared to be nonspecific for any diseases.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 181
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 385 (1979), S. 93-101 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Angioma ; Lung ; Carcinoma ; Pneumocytes ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchung eines sog. sklerosierenden Hämangioms der Lunge, das im Oberlappen einer 32jährigen Frau zufällig entdeckt wurde. Der seltene gutartige Tumor, der lichtmikroskopisch wegen seines Gefäßreichtums an ein Hämangiom erinnert, zeigt elektronenmikroskopisch eine eindeutige epitheliale Struktur. Die Geschwulst entwickelt sich möglicherweise aus unreifen Pneumocyten. Histogenese sowie differential-diagnostische Probleme (Verwechslungsmöglichkeit mit Carcinom) werden diskutiert.
    Notizen: Summary Electron microscopy of a sclerosing angioma of the lung, a coincidental finding in the upper lobe of a 32-year-old woman. The rare, benign tumor, whose vascular proliferation by light microscopy is reminiscent of an angioma, exhibits a clear epithelial structure by electron microscopy. The tumor may develop out of immature pneumocytes. The paper discusses histogenesis and problems of differential diagnosis (potential confusion with carcinomas).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 182
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 176 (1979), S. 69-79 
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Schlagwort(e): Skeletal muscle ; CO2-laser ; Surgery ; Ultrastructure ; Rat ; Skelettmuskelfaser ; CO2-Laser ; Chirurgie ; Ultrastruktur ; Ratte
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Der Zustand der dorsalen Haut und des darunterliegenden Muskelgewebes der Ratte wurde unmittelbar nach CO2-Laser-Schnitten mit Hilfe von licht- und elektronenmikroskopischen Methoden untersucht. In der subkutanen Skelettmuskelschicht konnte eine erhöhte Empfindlichkeit des Gewebes festgestellt werden, die in einer ausgeprägten Abfolge von Zellveränderungen ihren Ausdruck findet. Diese Schädigungen werden hauptsächlich den thermischen Effekten der Laserstrahlung zugeschrieben. Die Bedeutung dieser Untersuchungsergebnisse in Hinblick auf die Verwendung von Laser in der Chirurgie wird besprochen.
    Notizen: Summary The immediate effect of CO2-laser incision to the dorsal skin and underlying muscular tissue of rats was studied by light and electron microscopical methods. In the subcutaneous layer of skeletal muscle cells an increased susceptibility was found, resulting in distinct zones of cellular changes which are attributed mainly to thermal effects of the laser beam. The importance of these findings for the surgical application of lasers is discussed.
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  • 183
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 155 (1979), S. 95-105 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Metanephros ; Chicken embryo ; Ultrastructure ; Parathyroid hormone ; Cyclic AMP
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A comparative electron microscopical study was conducted on the metanephros from chick embryos differentiated either in shell-less culture or in ovo. Developmental characteristics were very similar in both cases. Up to stage 37 (Hamburger-Hamilton) the metanephros contained large numbers of immature nephrons; their renal corpuscles were crescent-shaped and consisted of an outer layer of flat cells and an inner one of cuboidal cells. In more advanced corpuscles also found at this stage the inner layer had formed numerous rudimentary pedicels and the tunica media of the glomerular arteriole contained juxta-glomerular cells with numerous, small, electron dense granules. In the metanephros from embryos at stage 38 or older, large numbers of nephrons had completed their differentiation; their rounded renal corpuscles had fully differentiated podocytes with thin interdigitating pedicels and the proximal convoluted tubules had numerous apical microvilli, vesicles, vacuoles and tubular invaginations indicating an active process of resorption. These results appear to indicate that both in culture and in ovo-developed embryos, the metanephri start to function around stage 38. In the case of normal embryos this conclusion agrees with previous physiological and biochemical determinations. The injection of 20 USP parathyroid hormone into 16-day old chick embryos produced an increase in the concentration of cyclic AMP in the metanephros. This favours the idea that the regulation of kidney function by the hormone begins during the embryonic period.
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  • 184
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 155 (1979), S. 333-345 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Lipofuscin ; Cerebellar cortex ; Ultrastructure ; Senescent rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructure of autofluorescent, PAS-positive lipofuscin in Purkinje, granule, Golgi epithelial, basket and stellate, microglial and perivascular cells in the cerebellar cortex of senescent rats is described. The membrane-bounded pigment is composed of three elements: 1) electron-lucent homogeneous droplets, 2) a granular matrix and 3) intensely osmiophilic patches. The proportions of these three components vary between cell types and one can grossly differentiate a neuronal and a glial lipofuscin. The lipofuscin granules of stellate and perivscular cells are different from lipofuscin of other cerebellar neurons and glia. It can be concluded from these morphological observations that each cerebellar cell type has its distinct lipofuscin.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 185
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 46 (1979), S. 215-220 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Melanosis of the dentate nucleus ; Glial melanin ; Ultrastructure ; Intrared spectroscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The pigment present in melanosis cerebelli where it is deposited in the dentate nucleus and within the cerebellar granular layer is similar to that of S. nigra as judged from the typical infrared absorption bands near wave numbers 3.450 cm−1 and 1.650 cm−1, respectively. According to electron microscopic findings, this type of melanin arises within the astrocytes of the dentate nucleus. The astrocytic melanosomes exhibit a relatively monotonous substructure reaching diameters of 30 μ and more, and they differ in this respect from the triadic neuronal melanosomes of S. nigra that are strongly reminiscent of lipofuscin granules. These differences may be due to additional components of melanosomes, apparently specific of a particular cell type, and they are in turn accounted for by the dissimilar cellular metabolic make-up of nigral cells and astrocytes, respectively. This does not dismiss the possibility, however, that the melanin pigments of either type of melanosomes are the same or closely related to each other as far as their basic chemical composition is concerned. The cause of the melanosis of the dentate nucleus is not known. Possibly involutional tissue changes governed by endocrine factors among others may play an important part.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 186
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 47 (1979), S. 85-92 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Isoniazid ; Neuropathy ; Intoxication ; Dying back ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Large single doses of isoniazid by mouth (1–2 g/kg) have been shown to produce in rats Wallerian degeneration visible with the light microscope from the third day onwards. By contrast, changes in axons are seen from 24 h onwards by electron microscopy. The earliest ultrastructural changes are associated with vacuoles appearing between axon and Schwann cells. These are large and focal, and often compress the axon. The adjacent axon may show changes in smooth ER, and in microtubular arrangement. Alterations in smooth membranes and in mitochondria are visible in Schwann cell cytoplasm, not necessarily related to the vacuole formation and axonal features. It is suggested that INH neuropathy is essentially a multifocal axonal lesion.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 187
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 47 (1979), S. 139-143 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Perineurium ; Permeability ; Peripheral nerve ; Rat ; Ultrastructure ; Autoradiography ; Albumin ; Peroxidase ; Protein deprivation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The permeability properties of the perineurium in sciatic nerves of 12-week-old rats were studied. The penetration of125I-labeled albumin and horseradish peroxidase into the perineurium was investigated electronmicroscopically 10, 30, and 120 min after the local extraneural application of the tracers. The autoradiographic study included age-matched protein-deprived rats. It was concluded that the perineurium acted as a diffusion barrier but also permitted a slow passage of the macromolecules into the endoneurium. The result indicates that this penetration to some extent is due to vesicular transport across the perineurial cells. The significance of these barrier and transport properties of the perineurium is discussed. No obvious differences in perineurial permeability between normal and protein-deprived rats were obtained.
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  • 188
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 48 (1979), S. 67-72 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Pituitary adenoma ; Ultrastructure ; Classitication
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A case of pituitary adenoma secreting more than two hormones is presented. Morphological findings of this tumor have been correlated with biological behavior and with hormonal activity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 189
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 48 (1979), S. 189-197 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Hamster brain cells ; Polyoma virus ; Tumorigenicity ; Ultrastructure ; Specific nervous proteins
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The morphological characteristics of three clones of hamster brain cells transformed in vitro by polyoma virus and of the tumors obtained after subcutaneous grafting of these cells in syngenic animals are reported. These clones appeared to be glial in nature by light and electron microscopy. The initial tumors induced by the three clones presented astrocytic features both by electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Analysis of the subsequent in vivo passages showed a decrease in cell differentiation, which was accompanied by a decrease in the latency period; after 2 years of serial transplantation, the tumors seemed poorly differentiated gliomas. A control cell line of hamster cerebellar cells evolved similarly.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 190
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 48 (1979), S. 27-30 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Progressive supranuclear palsy ; Neurofibrillary tangles ; Ultrastructure ; Straight tubule ; Twisted tubule
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The fine structure of neurofibrillary tangles in the hippocampal gyrus, substantia nigra, pontine nuclei and locus coeruleus of the brain was postmortem studied in a case of progressive supranuclear palsy. Straight tubules and twisted tubules were observed in both the cortical and subcortical neurofibrillary tangles. Most tubules appeared separately in each neuron but a few straight tubules were mixed with the twisted tubules in the cortical tangles. The implication and possible significance of this findings are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 191
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Melanin ; Melanosomes ; Ultrastructure ; Infrared spectrophotometry ; X-ray diffraction
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Melanosomes and isolated melanosomal fragments (melanin particles) originating from gangliocytes (substantia nigra), astroglia (melanosis cerebelli), and melanocytes (melanotic meningeoma; metastases of melanoblastoma; melanosis thalami of the goat) were compared with synthetic melanins prepared from dopamine and serotonin, respectively. Samples were examined by electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis according to Debye-Scherrer and by infrared spectrophotometry, and the results were evaluated with regard to characteristic features as they may relate to specific cell types or chemical structures. On electron microscopy all three types of melanosomes could be differentiated unequivocally as could the two synthetic melanins. Thus, there were similarities between synthetic melanin from dopamine and the gliogenic melanins of the cerebellum; the synthetic melanin from serotonin resembled melanin of melanocytes. X-ray diffraction analysis yielded 2-4 Debye diffraction rings with all human and synthetic samples, suggesting short range orders between 3.8 to 5 Å the sample obtained from a goat with thalamic melanosis showed a specific reflex pattern. While diffraction patterns of some melanins were partially identical, in particular that of melanin from dopamine and melanin of substantia nigra and dentate nucleus, respectively, they were different for the various melanocytic melanins. Further investigations are required to determine whether these differences are due to disparities in basic chemical structures or conformations or else, to particular compositional features of the various types of melanocytes as they arise from benign or malignant tumors or a specific species. Infrared spectrophotometry at higher wave numbers revealed the well known patterns of melanins, which are not, however, very suitable, for their further differentiation. At lower wave numbers (‘fingerprinting’) melanin of substantia nigra and the glial melanin in melanosis cerebelli yielded additional absorption bands of identical configuration. In contrast to melanin from dopamine, melanin from serotonin exhibited a closely similar absorption pattern in this spectral range, suggesting that the neuroectodermal melanins may contain a component possibly arising from serotonin.
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  • 192
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 156 (1979), S. 73-88 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Closure ; Development ; Mammalina embryo ; Neural tube ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The fusion of the neural walls in the cephalic part of mouse embryos varying in age from 9 to 20 somites was examined with the electron microscope. In the rhombencephalic region the rim of the neural wall was formed from outside inward by ectodermal surface cells, a row of flattened cells without surface projections and neuroepithelial cells. At the junction of the surface ectoderm and the flat cells were seen large projections containing a cytoplasmic matrix without organelles and previously referred to as “ruffles”. The initial contact between the walls was made by the large cytoplasmic arms and numerous finger-like projections interdigitating with similar projections from the opposite wall. The projections originated from the surface ectoderm and possibly neural crest cells. During further fusion the surface ectoderm cells formed dense membrane specializations, thus establishing a firm contact. The initial contact in the mesencephalon was formed by extensions from the surface ectoderm and was followed by the formation of specialized membrane junctions, as seen between the surface ectoderm in the rhombencephalon. The neuroepithelial cells facing the gap between the neural walls with their apical ends made contact with the cells from the opposing wall by numerous finger-like projections but membrane specializations failed to develop. The closing mechanism in the prosencephalon and anterior neuropore regions differed from the previous areas in that the initial contact was established by the neuroepithelial cells. Only after this contact had been formed did the surface ectoderm cells close the gap. In contrast with the other areas many phagocytosed particles were seen in the prosencephalon and in the region of the anterior neuropore. Many particles from degenerated cells were found inside healthy surrounding cells. Some of these particles contained nuclear material and cytoplasmic organelles.
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  • 193
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 156 (1979), S. 255-267 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Adenohypophyseal rudiment ; Self-differentiation ; Ultrastructure ; Quail
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Isolated epithelial rudiments of 3–4 days quail embryo adenohypophysis were cultivated in vitro. Differentiation of glandular cells occured when culture conditions allowed the formation of explants characterized by the presence of a fibroblastic sheet and of an epithelial roof surrounding a central cavity. Differentiation did not occur when culture conditions did not allow the fibroblastic sheet to be established or resulted in the absence of a cavity. The importance of the explant structure in differentiation is also indicated by the location of glandular cells. In vitro they differentiate near the cavity derived from Rathke's pouch lumen while in situ they first appear at the periphery of the rudiment, near the basement membrane. The results of this study show that the adenohypophyseal primordium can differentiate without any mesenchymal influence. The observed differentiation seems to be correlated with fibroblast-secreted material, and this hypo-thesis is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 194
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 266 (1979), S. 143-159 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Schlagwort(e): Xanthoma ; Ultrastructure ; Lipid vacuoles ; Myelin figures ; Xanthoma ; Ultrastruktur ; Lipidvacuolen ; Myelinfiguren
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Eine elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchung von 10 Patienten mit normolipämischer Xanthomatose und von 2 Patienten mit hyperlipoproteinämischer Xanthomatose Typ IV und V ergab folgende Befunde: In allen Fällen wurden große Mengen von Histiocyten mit intracytoplasmatischen Lipid-Vacuolen, Lysosomen und Myelinfiguren gesehen. Dazu waren Mikrofilamente und Lipid-Vacuolen in einigen Fibroblasten zu beobachten. In sämtlichen Präparaten fanden sich mehrkernige histiocytäre Riesenzellen mit kristallinen Spalträumen sowie einige Mastzellen. Lipid-Vacuolen konnten auch in Schwannzellen, Endothelzellen und in Pericyten nachgewiesen werden. In einigen Endothelzellen und Pericyten beobachtete man Duplikaturen der basalen vaskulären Laminae und “rob-shaped” tubuläre Körperchen. Beim Xanthelasma palpebrarum und dem Xanthoma planum disseminatum fanden sich die histiocytären Schaumzellen in perivaskulärer Anordnung, wie bei den hyperlipoproteinämischen Xanthomatosen. Wir folgern, daß die ultrastrukturellen Aspekte in den verschiedenen Xanthomatosen im wesentlichen gleich sind, zumal große Ablagerungen von Fett in allen Zellen zu sehen sind. In den normolipämischen Xanthomatosen (Xanthelasma palpebrarum und Xanthoma planum disseminatum) ist die Art der Entstehung von Fettablagerungen vermutlich die gleiche wie bei den hyperlipoproteinämischen Xanthomatosen; sie unterscheiden sich jedoch von den Fettablagerungen beim Xanthoma disseminatum und beim Xanthogranuloma juvenile. Eine Einteilung der normolipämischen Xanthomatosen wird vorgestellt.
    Notizen: Summary Electron microscopic aspects in ten cases of normolipidemic cutaneous xanthomatosis have been investigated. Two additional types IV and V hyperlipoproteinaemic xanthomatosis have also been included. Ultrastructural findings in all cases were similar. Abundant histiocytic cells with numerous intracytoplasmic lipid vacuoles, lysosomes, and myelin-figures, were the striking features. Moreover, in older lesions microfilaments and lipid vacuoles were found in some fibroblastic cells, as well as long space collagen around them. In some specimens we observed: giant multinucleated histiocytic cells, crystalline cleft-like spaces in histiocytes and some mastocytes with lipidic crystals in the extracellular space, as well as lipid vacuoles in Schwann cells, endothelial cells and pericytes. Rod-shaped tubulated bodies were found in some endothelial cells, with multiple basal vascular laminae. In xantelasma palpebrarum and in disseminate plane xanthoma the histiocytary foamy cells adopted a perivascular arrangement, as in hyperlipoproteinemic xanthomatosis. We concluded that ultrastructural aspects of different xanthomatosis are fairly similar as a consequence of the large amount of intracytoplasmic lipids accumulated in xanthomatous cells. In xanthelasma palpebrarum and in disseminated plane xanthoma this cell phase is reached by similar pathways to those for hyperlipoproteinemic xanthomatosis, whilst in xanthoma disseminatum and juvenile xanthogranuloma the pathways seem to be different. A classification of normolipidemic xanthomatosis is also provided.
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  • 195
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 266 (1979), S. 187-196 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Schlagwort(e): Disseminated lipogranulomatosis ; Farber's disease ; Sphingolipidoses ; Ceramide ; Ultrastructure ; Disseminierte Lipogranulomatose ; M. Farber ; Sphingolipidosen ; Ceramid ; Ultrastruktur
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Eine elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchung von 2 Hautläsionen bei einem aus der Türkei stammenden 2jährigen Jungen mit disseminierter Lipogranulomatosis (Farber) zeigte curvilineare Körper in Fibroblasten, Histiocyten und Endothelzellen, flache Membrananordnungen in Fibroblasten und Endothelzellen und spindelartige Körper in Schwann-Zellen. In peripheren Lymphocyten fanden sich nur Veränderungen der Mitochondrien (Schwellung und aufgebrochene Cristae), jedoch keine Einschlußkörper. Die intracytoplasmatischen curvilinearen Körper waren zahlreich und leicht nachweisbar. Sie scheinen für den M. Farber spezifisch zu sein, und es wird vorgeschlagen, sie “Farber Körper” zu nennen. Die Diagnose dieser Ceramidspeicherkrankheit, in der das histologische Bild weitgehend unspezifisch ist, kann daher ultrastrukturell bestätigt werden.
    Notizen: Summary An ultrastructural investigation of two cutaneous lesions in a two-year-old Turkish boy with disseminated lipogranulomatosis (Farber) revealed curvilinear bodies in fibroblasts, histiocytes, and endothelial cells; “elongated membranes” in fibroblasts and endothelial cells; “zebra bodies” in endothelial cells; and spindle-shaped bodies in Schwann cells. In peripheral lymphocytes only alterations of mitochondria (swelling and ruptured cristae) but no inclusion bodies were found. Curvilinear bodies were numerous and easily identifiable; they appear to be characteristic of Farber's disease, and naming them “Farber bodies” is proposed. The diagnosis of this ceramide storage disease, in which the histological examination is relatively unspecific, can therefore be confirmed ultrastructurally.
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  • 196
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 266 (1979), S. 239-251 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Schlagwort(e): Cutaneous malignant B-cell lymphoma ; Ultrastructure ; Semithin sections ; Cutane maligne B-Zell Lymphome ; Ultrastruktur ; Semidünnschnitte
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Achtzehn Fälle von cutanen B-Zell Lymphomen von niedrigem Malignitätsgrad (gesichert durch Enzymcytochemie und Immuncytologie) wurden morphologisch mittels Semidünn- und Dünnschnitten unter-sucht. Vier Typen mit einem charakteristischen Muster von verschiedenen lymphoiden Zellen wurden gefunden: (1) Der lymphocytische Typ, überwiegend aus kleinen Lymphocyten bestehend; (2) der lymphocytoide (zentrocytische oder prolymphocytische) Typ, bei dem neben kleinen auch mittelgroße Lymphocyten (mit und ohne geknitterten Zellkernen) erscheinen; (3) der lymphoplasmacytoide Typ, bei dem neben kleinen und mittelgroßen Lymphocyten lymphoide Zellen mit unterschiedlich ausgeprägten Differenzierungsmerkmalen von Plasmazellen zu finden sind; sowie (4) der zentroblastische-zentrocytische Typ. Hier sind neben kleinen und mittelgroßen Lymphocyten auch Zentroblasten zu beobachten. Insgesamt stimmen die hier erhobenen morphologischen Befunde gut mit entsprechenden nodalen malignen Lymphomen überein. Die Anwendung moderner Klassifikationen von non-Hodgkin Lymphomen, insbesondere die »Kiel-Klassifikation«, erscheint daher auch für die Hautlymphome gerechtfertigt. Dünn- und Semidünnschnitte eignen sich bei der Routinediagnostik von derartigen Krankheitsfällen, vor allem dann, wenn mit Paraffinschnitten keine klare diagnostische Einordnung erfolgen konnte.
    Notizen: Summary Eighteen cases of low grade malignant B-cell lymphomas (confirmed through enzyme cytochemistry and immunocytology) were investigated morphologically using thin and semithin sections. Four types with a characteristic pattern of different lymphoid cells were found: (1) the lymphocytic type, predominantly consisting of small lymphocytes; (2) the lymphocytoid (centrocytic or prolymphocytic) type, in which in addition to small lymphocytes medium-sized lymphocytes (with or without cleaved nuclei) are found; (3) the lymphoplasmacytoid type, where lymphoid cells with different degrees of similarity to plasma cells are seen as well as small and medium-sized lymphocytes; and (4) the centroblastic-centrocytic type, in which centroblasts are present next to small and medium-sized lymphocytes. These findings correlate well with the morphological observations in low-grade malignant B-cell lymphomas of the lymph nodes. Therefore, the application of modern classifications of non-Hodgkin lymphomas, such as the “Kiel Classification”, to cutaneous lymphomas appears justified. Thin and semithin sections are particularly useful in suspected cases of cutaneous malignant lymphoma, in which paraffin sections did not allow the diagnosis to be established.
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  • 197
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 48 (1979), S. 211-214 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Medullomyoblastoma ; Desmoplastic medulloblastoma ; Teratoid ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A case of cerebellar medullomyoblastoma in a young boy was investigated by electron microscopy. The neuroectodermal component shows the characteristics of a desmoplastic medulloblastoma. The mesodermal component consists of more or less differentiated cross-striated muscle cells. Undifferentiated muscle cells are very similar to proliferated endothelial cells of blood vessels within the muscular component, so that an origin of this component from pluripotential endothelial cells of the vessel wall is suggested. This tumor is considered a malignant teratoid because of the derivation from two blastodermic layers and because of the midline localization in children suggesting a malformative origin.
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  • 198
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 264 (1979), S. 17-28 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Schlagwort(e): Malignant lymphoma ; Mycosis fungoides ; Sezary's syndrome ; Parapsoriasis en plaques ; Ultrastructure ; Semi-thin sections ; Maligne Lymphome ; Mykosis fungoides ; Sézary-Syndrom ; Parapsoriasis en plaques ; Ultrastruktur ; Semi-Dünnschnitt-Technik
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Semi-Dünnschnitte erlauben eine bessere morphologische Differenzierung von lymphoiden Zellen als Paraffinschnitte. Zur Prüfung ihrer möglichen Bedeutung bei der Diagnostik von kutanen T-Zell-Lymphomen wurden folgende Untersuchungen durchgeführt: Lymphoide Zellen im cellulären Infiltrat von Hautläsionen bei Mykosis fungoides (11 Fälle), Sézary-Syndrom (9 Fälle) und Parapsoriasis en plaques (14 Fälle) wurden mittels Semi-Dünnschnitten von Epon-eingebetteten Biopsien quantitativ analysiert. Als Kontrollen wurden Biopsien von Epikutan-Test-Reaktionen, Kontaktdermatitis, initialer Psoriasis und Erythema chronicum migrans untersucht. Eine hohe Prozentzahl von Lutzner-(Sézary)-Zellen fand sich ständig beim Sézary-Syndrom und gelegentlich bei der Parapsoriasis en plaques. Bei der Mycosis fungoides überwogen lymphocytoide Zellen mit helleren Kernen als bei normalen Lymphocyten. In den meisten Tumorläsionen sowohl bei der Mycosis fungoides als auch beim Sézary-Syndrom fand sich eine erhöhte Prozentzahl von Immunoblasten. Lymphocyten waren der häufigste Zelltyp bei der Parapsoriasis en plaques und bei den Kontrollen. Diese Befunde könnten nützlich für die Diagnostik von Problemfällen sein, für die die Semi-Dünnschnitt-Technik als eine weitere Methode empfohlen wird.
    Notizen: Summary Semi-thin sections are superior to paraffin sections for differentiating lymphoid cells. To test their possible significance in the diagnosis of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas, the following investigation was made: A quantitative analysis of lymphoid cells in the cellular infiltrate of cutaneous lesions of mycosis fungoides (11 cases), Sézary's syndrome (9 cases), and parapsoriasis en plaques (14 cases) was made using semi-thin sections of eponembedded biopsies. As controls biopsies of patch test reactions, contact dermatitis, initial psoriasis, and erythema chronicum migrans were studied. A high percentage of Lutzner (Sézary) cells was consistently found in Sézary's syndrome and occasionally in parapsoriasis en plaques only. In mycosis fungoides lymphocytoid cells with the nuclei, less dense than in normal lymphocytes were predominant. In most tumorous lesions of mycosis fungoides and of Sézary's syndrome an increased percentage of immunoblasts was noted. Normal lymphocytes were the most frequent cell type in parapsoriasis en plaques as well as in the controls. These findings may prove helpful in the diagnosis of problem cases, for which the use of semi-thin sections is recommended.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 199
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 45 (1979), S. 17-25 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Brindled mutant mouse ; Male hemizygotes ; Neuronal degeneration ; Ultrastructure ; Giant mitochondria ; Copper deficiency
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The brindled mouse (Mobr) is a neurological mutant mouse with clinical and biochemical features closely similar to Kinky hair syndrome (KHS) in humans. Neuronal degeneration in the cerebral cortex and thalamic nuclei was the constant neuropathological lesions in the CNS of the male hemizygotes of this mutant (Yajima and Suzuki, 1978). Ultrastructurally, many cortical neurons contained enlarged mitochondria with prominent tubular or vesicular cristae, which were similar to those described in the Purkinje cells in the human KHS (Ghatak et al., 1972) and in the rat brain with copper deficiency (Prohaska and Wells, 1975). Such mitochondria were observed not only in the degenerating neurons but even in the otherwise normal-appearing cortical neurons, suggesting that the mitochondrial damage possibly related to the deficient activities of the copper containing enzymes (cytochrome oxidase, etc.) preceded the neuronal degeneration. Many mitochondria in the severely degenerated neurons contained numerous electron dense spicules of possible calcium. Although rare, similar morphological alteration of neuronal mitochondria was also noted in the female heterozygotes, indicating the presence of possible subclinical defect in copper transport in the heterozygotes as well.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 200
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 45 (1979), S. 111-115 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Brain tumor ; Rhabdomyosarcoma ; Mesenchymal cell ; Myotube ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A case of primary cerebral rhabdomyosarcoma in a 51-year-old female is reported. The histogenesis of this tumor is discussed. The clinicopathological features of 10 previously reported similar tumors of the CNS are briefly reviewed. Histologically the tumor was polymorphic, but composed of poorly differentiated cells interpreted as rhabdomyoblasts without definite cross-striation. Electron microscopy established that the poorly differentiated cells were of rhabdomyosarcomatous nature, compatible with presumptive myoblasts and analogous to developing fetal muscle.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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