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  • 1995-1999  (1.778)
  • 1980-1984
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  • 101
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Filmlose Magnetresonanztomographie Vor- und Nachteile im Vergleich zur Filmbefundung (1999)
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 39 (1999), S. 276-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Schlagwort(e): Schlüsselwörter PACS ; Filmlos ; MR ; Key words PACS ; Filmless ; MRI
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary At our hospital, an average MRI examination comprises 170 images. These examinations were evaluated exclusively on digital reporting systems with two high-resolution monitors for a period of 1 year. A retrospective analysis of this reporting method in comparison with films on a conventional viewing wall was performed with subjective and objective data. Radiologists and technicians were requested to evaluate the system on a subjective scale from 1 to 5 for seven topics (image analysis, inspection, time for reporting, handling, comparison with previous reports, quality of PC laser prints, training period). Moreover, personal interviews were conducted and protocols taken. Patient and image frequency, film costs, data transfer time and amount of system failures were evaluated as objective data. The most important results were: Two thirds of the film checking radiologists prefer the conventional viewing walls over the computer monitors. However, 70% of the residents prefer using the computer monitor for reporting. Seventy percent of the interviewed radiologists considered comparison with former examinations on film very difficult. Digitizing of former MRI examinations was not a convincing method; printing on a standard PC laser printer was considered to yield insufficient quality. The different acceptance between radiologists and residents seems to be related to different experiences. The reduction in film costs (48.6%) will improve further with complete PACS installation in the whole hospital. Data transfer rates are still poor; further improvement of network performance is necessary for convenient work. One whole MRI examination and report could be stored on CD-ROM for a cost of less than 2 euros. This could be a future means of cheap archiving and documentation suitable for viewing on any PC with DICOM III viewer. Images and reports could stay with the patient as in the past.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Im Durchschnitt werden pro Tag 14,05 Patienten mit durchschnittlich 170 Schichtbildern pro Patient an unserer MRT-Anlage untersucht. Die Befundung dieser Bilder erfolgte über ein Jahr ausschließlich auf digitalen Befundungsstationen, bestehend aus zwei hochauflösenden Monitoren und einer Graphikworkstation. Ein Bildausdruck erfolgte zusätzlich auf einem hochauflösenden Laserpapierdrucker. Auf Grund von subjektiv und objektiv erhobenen Daten wurde ein retrospektiver Vergleich zwischen digitaler Bildschirmbefundung und Filmbefundung am Leuchtkasten durchgeführt. Material und Methode: Befragt wurde aufgrund einer subjektiven Bewertungsskala von 1 bis 5 nach 7 Kriterien. Weiters wurden in Interviews die subjektiven Erfahrungen protokolliert. Objektiv wurde überdies Anzahl und Zeit der Systemausfälle, Filmverbrauch, Untersuchungsfrequenzen, Bildmenge pro Tag sowie Zeitmessungen für Datentransfers gemessen. Ergebnisse: Zwei Drittel der Oberärzte bevorzugten die Leuchtkastenbefundung, 70% der Ärzte in Ausbildung zogen die Befundung auf Bildschirmen vor. 70% der befragten Ärzte sahen als eindeutiger Schwachpunkt des digitalen Befundungssystems den Vorbildvergleich an. Alle befragten Ärzte (n=13) bewerteten die Arbeit mit (auswärtigen) konventionellen MRT-Untersuchungen auf Film und der gleichzeitigen Bildschirmbefundung als besonders mühsam. Das Einscannen von Voruntersuchungen mit Betrachtung am Bildschirm erwies sich als nicht Praxis tauglich, die Dokumentation auf Papierbildern durch PC-Laserausdruck erwies sich als unbrauchbar. Diskussion: Der deutliche Akzeptanzunterschied zwischen Fachärzten und in Ausbildung befindlichen Ärzten ist vermutlich auf die unterschiedliche Vorerfahrung (Vorprägung) zurückzuführen. Die nur 48,6% Reduktion Filmverbrauch werden vermutlich nach einer stärkeren Verbreitung von digitalen Bilddaten verbessert werden. Die tatsächlich erzielten Bildtransferraten liegen derzeit zeitlich weit über den technisch möglichen. Die Optimierungen von Netzwerken und beteiligten Rechnern sind daher dringend erforderlich. Als alternatives Dokumentations- und Ausgabemedium könnte auch die äußerst preiswerte CD-ROM dienen. Sie sind auf jedem gängigen PC-System verwendbar. Das Prinzip, daß Befund und Bilder beim Patienten verbleiben, wäre damit leicht aufrecht zu erhalten.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001170050509
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  • 102
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Childhood cancer and residential radon exposure – results of a population-based case-control study in Lower Saxony (Germany) (1999)
    Springer
    Radiation and environmental biophysics 38 (1999), S. 211-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2099
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Case-control study ; Children ; CNS tumour ; Environmental exposure ; Indoor radon ; Leukaemia
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract  A population-based case-control study on risk factors for childhood malignancies was used to investigate a previously reported association between elevated indoor radon concentrations and childhood cancer, with special regard to leukaemia. The patients were all children suffering from leukaemia and common solid tumours (nephroblastoma, neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, central nervous system (CNS) tumours) diagnosed between July 1988 and June 1993 in Lower Saxony (Germany) and aged less than 15 years. Two population-based control groups were matched by age and gender to the leukaemia patients. Long-term (1 year) radon measurements were performed in those homes where the children had been living for at least 1 year, with particular attention being paid to those rooms where they had stayed most of the time. Due to the sequential study design, radon measurements in these rooms could only be done for 36% (82 leukaemias, 82 solid tumours and 209 controls) of the 1038 families initially contacted. Overall mean indoor radon concentrations (27 Bq m–3) were low compared with the measured levels in other studies. Using a prespecified cutpoint of 70 Bq m–3, no association with indoor radon concentrations was seen for the leukaemias (odds ratio (OR): 1.30; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.32–5.33); however, the risk estimates were elevated for the solid tumours (OR: 2.61; 95% CI: 0.96–7.13), mainly based on 6 CNS tumours. We did not find any evidence for an association between indoor radon and childhood leukaemia, which is in line with a recently published American case-control study. There is little support for an association with CNS tumours in the literature.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004110050158
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  • 103
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Akutes Trauma des Sprunggelenks (1999)
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 39 (1999), S. 16-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Schlagwort(e): Schlüsselwörter Sprunggelenk ; Sprunggelenksverletzung ; Bandverletzung ; Streßradiographie ; MRT ; Key words Ankle ; Ankle injuries ; Ligament injuries ; Stress X-ray ; MRI
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary The diagnosis of lateral collateral ankle ligament trauma is based on patient history, clinical examination, and clinical stress tests. If the clinical stress test is positive, stress radiography could be performed. There is no consensus about the usefulness of stress radiography in acute ankle sprain, particularly about the cut-off talar tilt angle beyond which a two-ligament rupture would be certain, ranging from 5° to 30°. Today MRI is not used for this indication, although it allows, with controlled positioning of the foot and with defined sections, visualization of injured lateral collateral ankle ligaments. In ankle injuries, plain radiographs form the established basis of diagnostic imaging and can provide definitive answers in most cases. CT is used in complex fractures for complete visualization. MRI is the method of choice for several diagnostic problem cases, including occult fractures and post-traumatic avascular necrosis. In tendon injuries, MRI is important if ultrasound is not diagnostic. Generally, for the evaluation of acute ankle injuries, MRI is the most important second-step procedure when radiographs are nondiagnostic.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Die Diagnose einer lateralen Bandverletzung beim frischen Sprunggelenkstrauma fußt auf der Anamnese, der klinischen Untersuchung und klinischen Streßtests. Bei positiven klinischen Streßtests kann eine Streßradiographie durchgeführt werden. Es gibt keine Übereinstimmung für den Wert der Streßradiographie beim frischen Supinationstrauma des Sprunggelenks, insbesonders für den Winkel der Aufklappbarkeit bei einer Zweibandverletzung, der von 5°–30° reicht. Die MRT wird zur Zeit bei dieser Indikation nur in Einzelfällen benutzt, obwohl sie mit definierter Fußpositionierung und Ausrichtung der Untersuchungsebene eine ausgezeichnete Beurteilung der Sprunggelenksbänder erlaubt. Bei knöchernen Sprunggelenksverletzungen ist die Verwendung des konventionellen Röntgen die etablierte Methode und meist diagnostisch. Die CT kommt bei komplexen Frakturen zum Einsatz, um das gesamte Frakturausmaß darzustellen. Die MRT ist die Methode der Wahl bei verschiedenen Problemfällen wie okkulter Fraktur oder posttraumatischer Osteonekrose. Bei Sehnenverletzungen ist die MRT wichtig, falls eine Ultraschalluntersuchung nicht zur Diagnose führt. Allgemein entwickelt sich bei der Untersuchung der frischen Sprunggelenksverletzung die MRT zur zweitwichtigsten bildgebenden Methode, falls das konventionelle Röntgen zu keiner ausreichenden Diagnose kommt.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001170050471
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  • 104
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Detektion und Charakterisierung fokaler Leberläsionen Vergleich von biphasischer, kontrastmittelverstärkter Spiral-CT, nativer und SPIO-verstärkter MRT (1999)
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 39 (1999), S. 678-684 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Schlagwort(e): Schlüsselwörter Fokale Leberläsionen ; Spiral-CT ; MRT ; Kontrastmittel ; SPIO ; Key words Focal liver lesions ; Spiral CT ; MRI ; Ferumoxides
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary Purpose: Evaluation of the diagnostic efficacy of contrast-enhanced, dual-phase spiral CT and MRI before and after administration of SPIO particles in focal hepatic disease with previously uncertain diagnosis. Material and methods: In 46 patients in whom primary or secondary hepatic malignancy was suspected, dual-phase spiral CECT and breath-held T1-weighted gradient-echo and T2-weighted fast spin-echo MRI (1.5 T, body-phased-array coil) before and after SPIO administration were compared. The indications for the subsequent MRI studies were based on ambiguous findings on CECT. The number of hepatic lesions, the overall lesion detection and characterization was evaluated by consensus and compared to the gold standard (histological proof in 30/46 of the cases, long-term follow-up in 16/46 of the cases). Results: In 34 of 46 cases the correct diagnoses were established by CECT (sensitivity 96%, specificity 48%) revealing significantly less lesions than MRI. Unenhanced MRI had sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 71%, whereas SPIO-enhanced MRI had sensitivity of 97% and specificity of 88%. The differences between the modalities were even more pronounced in the detection of lesions smaller than 10 mm with SPIO-MRI as the most sensitive method. Conclusions: In this problem-oriented scenario, SPIO-enhanced MRI was superior to spiral CT and unenhanced MRI regarding the diagnostic efficacy in the pre-operative work-up of focal liver lesions. SPIO-enhanced MRI can be recommended as a problem-solving tool for the clinical routine.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Fragestellung: Analyse der diagnostischen Wertigkeit der kontrastmittelverstärkten, biphasischen Spiral-CT im Vergleich zu nativer und SPIO-verstärkter MRT bei Patienten mit V.a. fokale Leberläsionen vor eventueller Leber-OP. Material und Methode: 46 Patienten mit V.a. sekundäre oder primäre Lebertumoren wurden nach i.v.-Kontrastmittelgabe an einem Spiral-CT und an einem 1,5 Tesla-Magneten (Atemstillstand-Sequenzen, Körper-Array-Spule) vor und nach i.v.-Infusion von superparamagnetischen Eisenoxydpartikeln untersucht. Die CT- und MRT-Untersuchungen wurden hinsichtlich Läsionsanzahl, -detektion und -charakterisierung qualitativ beurteilt und mit dem Goldstandard (Histologie in 30/46, follow-up in 16/46 der Fälle) verglichen. Ergebnisse: Die Spiral-CT erbrachte in 34/46 Fällen eine korrekte Diagnose, wobei sie signifikant weniger Läsionen in der Leber zeigte als die MRT. Die native MRT war der Spiral-CT hinsichtlich Läsionsdetektion und diagnostischer Effizienz überlegen und wurde noch von der SPIO-verstärkten MRT übertroffen. Der Unterschied zwischen den Modalitäten war bei Läsionen kleiner 10 mm noch deutlicher, von denen die Spiral-CT lediglich 6/13 Läsionen detektierte. Schlußfolgerungen: Die SPIO-MRT ist der biphasischen Spiral-CT und der nativen MRT im Nachweis und bei der Charakterisierung fokaler Leberläsionen überlegen und kann in problematischen Fällen allgemein empfohlen werden.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001170050565
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  • 105
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fremdkörperingestion (1999)
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 39 (1999), S. 472-477 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Schlagwort(e): Schlüsselwörter Fremdkörper ; Ingestion ; Kinder ; Diagnostik ; Key words Foreign body ; Ingestion ; Children ; Diagnosis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary Foreign body ingestion is not infrequent in infants and children. The diagnosis of radiopaque foreign body ingestion does not pose a major problem. It is crucial to take an X-ray from the pharynx to the level of the pylorus. If a foreign body that might get stuck at the ileocoecal valve is ingested, it is necessary to perform a radiograph of the whole abdomen. Foreign bodies that do not pass the cardia must be extracted endoscopically. In the case of foreign bodies with a smooth contour that have passed the pylorus, parents are advised to check the child’s stool or collect it and bring it for X-raying. If after a week there is no definite evidence that the foreign body has been excreted a follow-up radiograph is carried out. If the foreign body is still in the stomach or duodenum, endoscopy is necessary. The detection of nonopaque foreign bodies can be facilitated by giving oral contrast medium, making the depiction of the foreign body as a filling defect possible. As a complication, perforation can occur, the diagnosis of which may entail the use of sonography, conventional radiography and, to a lesser extent, CT.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Fremdkörperingestion ist im späten Säuglings- und frühen Kleinkindalter kein seltenes Ereignis. Die Diagnose röntgendichter Fremdkörper bereitet keine Schwierigkeiten. Hierbei ist jedoch zu beachten, daß die Region vom Pharynx bis zum Pylorus abgebildet sein sollte. Wurden Fremdkörper verschluckt, bei denen die Gefahr der Einklemmung in der Bauhin’schen Klappe besteht, sollte das komplette Abdomen bis zum Anus dargestellt werden. Fremdkörper, welche die Kardia nicht passieren, müssen endoskopisch extrahiert werden. Haben glatt begrenzte Fremdkörper den Pylorus passiert, werden die Eltern aufgefordert, den Stuhl zu untersuchen oder zu sammeln und ihn zur röntgenologischen Untersuchung mitzubringen. Sollte der Fremdkörper innerhalb einer Woche nicht auffindbar sein, wird eine Kontrolluntersuchung durchgeführt. Ist der Fremdkörper dann noch im Magen oder im Duodenum, sollte er ebenfalls extrahiert werden. Der Nachweis nicht röntgendichter Fremdkörper kann mittels Gabe von positivem Kontrastmittel als Aussparungsfigur gelingen. Als Komplikation kann eine Perforation auftreten. Hierbei dienen Sonographie, konventionelles Röntgen und gegebenenfalls CT zur Diagnosefindung.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001170050537
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  • 106
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mecamylamine blocks the development of tolerance to nicotine in rats: implications for the mechanisms of tolerance (1999)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 141 (1999), S. 332-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Nicotine ; Mecamylamine ; Tolerance ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  Chronic injections of nicotine in rats produce upregulation of nicotinic cholinergic receptors. It has been proposed that this upregulation is a reflection of receptor desensitization and is the basis of functional tolerance. Mecamylamine, a non-competitive antagonist that blocks activation of nicotinic receptors, does not prevent upregulation produced by nicotine injections. This suggests that receptor activation is not a prerequisite for nicotine-induced receptor upregulation. Therefore, the present experiments tested whether mecamylamine would also fail to prevent the development of tolerance to nicotine. Six daily pairings of mecamylamine (1 mg/kg SC) with nicotine did block the development of tolerance to nicotine-induced antinociception (0.35 mg/kg) and to the ability of nicotine to suppress milk intake (0.66 mg/kg). In another experiment, six daily injections of mecamylamine, when given alone, did not alter the effects of a subsequent, acute injection of nicotine (0.35 mg/kg) in inducing antinociception in rats. There was no evidence that after six pairings of mecamylamine with nicotine, the cues associated with mecamylamine delivery took on conditioned antagonistic properties. These findings suggest that, unlike the receptor upregulation that results from either continuous or repeated nicotine administration, the tolerance following a short series of intermittent nicotine injections is dependent on receptor activation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050842
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  • 107
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Can the ”state-dependency” hypothesis explain prevention of amphetamine sensitization in rats by NMDA receptor antagonists? (1999)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 141 (1999), S. 351-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Amphetamine ; Behavioral sensitization ; MK-801 ; NMDA receptor ; State-dependency ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  Many laboratories have reported that coadministration of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists with psychomotor stimulants prevents the development of behavioral sensitization and therefore concluded that NMDA receptor transmission is necessary for sensitization. According to an alternative ”state-dependency” interpretation, NMDA receptor antagonists do not prevent sensitization. Rather, they become a conditioned stimulus for the sensitized response, i.e., it is only elicited in response to combined administration of the NMDA receptor antagonist and the stimulant. This hypothesis is supported by progressive augmentation of the locomotor response to the drug combination during the induction phase, and expression of sensitization when challenged with the combination but not the stimulant alone. To test this hypothesis, rats were treated during a 6-day induction phase with amphetamine (Amph) alone or in combination with the competitive NMDA receptor antagonist CGS 19755 (10 mg/kg) or the non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 (0.05, 0.1 and 0.25 mg/kg). When CGS 19755 was coadministered with Amph, there was no progressive augmentation of response to the drug combination. When challenged with Amph alone, rats did not exhibit the biphasic pattern of locomotor activity characteristic of Amph sensitization. No sensitization of stereotyped behaviors was evident, although the ambulatory response was greater than that exhibited by naive rats. Results with MK-801 were complex, but progressive augmentation of response to the drug combination appeared to in part reflect sensitization to MK-801 and could be dissociated from the ability of MK-801 to prevent the development of sensitization as assessed by response to challenge with Amph alone. Many of these findings are inconsistent with predictions of the ”state-dependency” hypothesis. Moreover, the ability of NMDA receptor antagonists to prevent biochemical and electrophysiological correlates of sensitization is difficult to reconcile with the idea that sensitization develops in the presence of NMDA receptor blockade but cannot be expressed. Together, these findings suggest that the ability of NMDA receptor antagonists to prevent Amph sensitization reflects a requirement for NMDA receptor transmission during its induction.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050844
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  • 108
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Acute fluoxetine treatment potentiates amphetamine hyperactivity and amphetamine-induced nucleus accumbens dopamine release: possible pharmacokinetic interaction (1999)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 141 (1999), S. 421-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Key words SSRI ; Cytochrome P450 ; Serotonin ; Microdialysis ; Norfluoxetine ; Locomotor activity ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Amphetamine stimulates locomotor activity, in large part by activating central dopaminergic systems. Serotonin shares on overlapping distribution with dopamine and has been shown to modulate dopaminergic function and dopamine-mediated behaviors. The present study examined whether increasing serotonergic function, via the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine, would alter the stimulatory effects of amphetamine on locomotor activity and dopamine overflow in the nucleus accumbens. In addition, the present study determined whether fluoxetine treatment would alter the metabolism of amphetamine. Results show that 5.0 mg/kg fluoxetine potentiated the locomotor activity induced by amphetamine (0.5–1.0 mg/ kg), and enhanced the increased dopamine overflow in the nucleus accumbens induced by amphetamine. Fluoxetine treatment also resulted in a higher concentration of amphetamine in the CNS. Together, these findings indicate that acute fluoxetine treatment potentiates the locomotor stimulating and dopamine activating effects of amphetamine. Further, the results indicate that fluoxetine potentiates the effects of amphetamine by decreasing the metabolism of amphetamine, probably through inhibition of cytochrome P450 isozymes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050852
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  • 109
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Differential effects of ketamine on gating of auditory evoked potentials and prepulse inhibition in rats (1999)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 142 (1999), S. 9-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Key words NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) ; Schizophrenia ; Prepulse inhibition (PPI) ; Sensory gating ; P50 ; Auditory evoked potentials (AEP) ; Ketamine ; d-Amphetamine ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Schizophrenic patients suffer from deficits in information processing. Patients show both a decrease in P50 gating [assessed in the conditioning-testing (C-T) paradigm] and prepulse inhibition (PPI), two paradigms that assess gating. These two paradigms might have a related underlying neural substrate. Gating, as measured in both the C-T paradigm (the gating of a component of the auditory evoked potential (AEP)], and PPI can easily be measured in animals as well as in humans. This offers the opportunity to model these information processing paradigms in animals in order to investigate the effects of neurotransmitter manipulations in the brain. In order to validate the animal model for disturbances in AEP gating, d-amphetamine (0.5 and 1 mg/kg, IP) was administered. Gating of an AEP component was changed due to injection of d-amphetamine (1 mg/kg) in the same way as seen in schizophrenic patients: both the amplitude to the conditioning click and the gating were significantly reduced. Next, the effect of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist ketamine (2.5 and 10 mg/kg, IP) was investigated to assess its effects in the two gating paradigms. It was found that ketamine (10 mg/kg) did not affect gating as measured with components of the AEP. However, ketamine (10 mg/kg) disrupted PPI of the startle response to the extent that prepulse facilitation occurred. Firstly, it is concluded that AEP gating was disrupted by d-amphetamine and not by ketamine. Secondly, PPI and the C-T paradigm reflect distinct inhibitory sensory processes, since both paradigms are differentially influenced by ketamine.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050856
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  • 110
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Calcium channel agonist (−)-BAY k 8644 suppresses free and limited access intake of alcohol in genetic drinking rats (1999)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 142 (1999), S. 261-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Alcoholism ; Alcohol drinking ; Alcohol intake ; Calcium channells ; Genetic model of alcoholism ; Pharmacotherapy ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Drugs which possess selective actions on a given voltage operated calcium (Ca2+) channel (VOCC) are reportedly involved in the pharmacological actions of alcohol. Recently it was shown that the 1,4-dihydropyridine (−)-BAY k 8644, an L-type VOCC agonist, reduces alcohol intake relatively selectively in the genetic drinking AA rat. This study determined whether (−)-BAY k 8644 would alter volitional alcohol drinking in two other genetic models of alcoholism, male P rats and a new strain of male and female high ethanol preferring (HEP) rats. By use of a standard 10-day preference test for water versus 3 to 30% alcohol, the maximally preferred concentration of alcohol was first determined for each rat individually, i.e. 9%, 13% or 15%. Then the rats were allowed free access over 24 h or limited access to alcohol for only 2 h, during which time the intakes of water and preferred solution of alcohol were recorded. After the drinking patterns stabilized for 4 days, saline, a solutol vehicle solution or (−)-BAY k 8644 was administered: (1) in a dose of 0.125, 0.25 or 0.5 mg/kg given intraperitoneally twice daily for 4 days during free access to alcohol; and (2) for 3 days in a dose of 0.125 or 0.25 mg/kg given subcutaneously 30 min prior to 2 h of limited access to alcohol. Fluid intakes were recorded for either 4 or 8 days after limited and free access conditions, respectively. Whereas the control solutions were without effect during 24 h access, (−)-BAY k 8644 caused a significant dose-dependent suppression of up to 80% in absolute g/kg and proportion of alcohol to total fluid consumed; this decline persisted in the post drug period. During the limited access paradigm, (−)-BAY k 8644 similarly reduced alcohol drinking maximally within the first 15 min of presentation of alcohol; again, this reduction persisted over the remaining 105 min of alcohol access. Also, individual levels of blood alcohol declined concurrently with the suppression of drinking. These results demonstrate that (−)-BAY k 8644 possesses a short latency of action on alcohol intake and that its salutary effects on drinking persist after the drug is terminated. Finally, the hypothesis that L-type calcium channel agonists may be useful as a therapeutic adjunct in the treatment of alcoholism is extended.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050888
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  • 111
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The motivation for beer in rats: effects of ritanserin, naloxone and SR 141716 (1999)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 142 (1999), S. 302-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Alcohol ; Beer ; Craving ; Rat ; Naloxone ; SR 141716 ; Ritanserin
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Rats were given two weeks of home cage access to either “near-beer” (a beverage that tastes like beer but contains 〈0.5% ethanol v/v) or near-beer with added ethanol (4.5% v/v), which is simply referred to as “beer”. The two groups of rats (near-beer and beer) were then trained on a “lick-based progressive ratio paradigm” in operant chambers in which an ever increasing number of licks had to be emitted for each successive fixed unit of near-beer or beer delivered. Break points (the ratio at which responding ceased) for near-beer and beer were approximately equal under baseline conditions. Rats were then tested for the effects of the 5HT2A/2C receptor antagonist ritanserin (0.625, 2.5 or 10 mg/kg), the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone (0.625, 2.5 or 10 mg/kg) or the cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist SR 141716 (0.3, 1 or 3 mg/kg). All three drugs caused a dose-dependent reduction of break-points and locomotor activity in both the beer and near-beer groups. However, the effects of SR 141716 and naloxone, but not ritanserin, on break-points were significantly more pronounced on rats drinking beer compared to those drinking near-beer. There were no such differential effects of any of the drugs on locomotor activity across the two groups. These results suggest that both SR 141716 and naloxone differentially affect the motivation to consume alcoholic beverages and may thus have potential as drugs for the treatment of alcohol craving.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050893
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  • 112
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    AND and AND-OR drug mixture discriminations in rats: generalization to single drugs and drug mixtures (1999)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 143 (1999), S. 54-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Nicotine ; Midazolam ; Caffeine ; Cocaine ; Amphetamine ; Pentobarbitone ; Ethanol ; Drug discrimination ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Rationale: Studies of the discriminative stimulus effects of drug mixtures provide an approach to polydrug abuse and studies on single drugs with multiple effects. Objective: This study was designed to investigate whether the use of the AND-OR procedure increases the specificity of drug mixture discriminations. Methods: Rats were trained to discriminate a mixture of amphetamine (0.4 mg/kg) plus pentobarbitone (10 mg/kg) from saline (AND-discrimination, n = 8) or to discriminate the same mixture from its component drugs alone (AND–OR discrimination, n = 9). The studies used two-lever operant procedures with a tandem variable interval 1-min fixed ratio 10 schedule of food reinforcement. Results: Under AND-discrimination conditions, there was partial generalization to nicotine and midazolam when each drug was administered singly, and there was no generalization to cocaine, caffeine or ethanol. With the AND-OR discrimination, there was no generalization to any of the preceding drugs administered singly. In “single substitution” tests, nicotine or midazolam was co-administered with the training doses of pentobarbitone and amphetamine, respectively; there was full generalization in the AND-discrimination and partial generalization under AND-OR conditions. Cocaine co-administered with pentobarbitone generalized fully under both procedures, but the dose of cocaine needed was much larger in the AND-OR than in the AND-discrimination. In “dual substitution” tests, mixtures of two novel substances were tested. Mixtures of either nicotine plus midazolam or caffeine plus ethanol produced very marked generalization under AND-discrimination conditions, but were without significant effect in the AND-OR procedure. Throughout the studies, in every instance where comparisons were made, generalization was greater or occurred at lower doses under AND- than under the AND-OR discrimination. Conclusions: The study yielded extensive evidence supporting the hypothesis that the AND-OR discrimination procedure increases the specificity of discriminations based on drug mixtures.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050919
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  • 113
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cognitive enhancing effects in young and old rats of pBC264, a selective CCKB receptor agonist (1999)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 143 (1999), S. 141-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Key words BC264 ; Cholecystokinin ; CCKB receptor ; Memory ; Ageing ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Rationale: The implication of CCKB receptors in cognitive processes is far from fully understood. Objective: The present study investigated the effect of propionyl-BC264, a selective agonist of CCKB receptors, in young and old rats. Methods: Cognitive functions were studied in a two-trial recognition memory task developed in our laboratory. Results: It was shown that propionyl-BC264 enhanced information processing in young as well as in old rats when injected (10 μg/kg; IP) immediately after the acquisition phase and before the retrieval trial but not before the acquisition trial. This cognitive enhancing effect was blocked by prior administration of L 365,260, a selective CCKB receptor antagonist. Conclusions: In view of the fact that BC264 is devoid of anxiogenic effects, it could be of value in the treatment of cognitive impairments associated with both normal and pathological ageing.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050929
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  • 114
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The interaction of cocaethylene and cocaine and of cocaethylene and alcohol on schedule-controlled responding in rats (1999)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 145 (1999), S. 153-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Cocaethylene ; Cocaine ; Alcohol ; Interaction ; Schedule-controlled responding ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  Rationale: Cocaethylene is a unique metabolite of cocaine, produced only in the presence of alcohol. This metabolite is pharmacologically, physiologically and behaviorally active. Further, it has been reported to interact pharmacokinetically with both cocaine and alcohol, an interaction that may mediate, in part, the interaction of cocaine and alcohol. Although cocaethylene has been shown to interact with both cocaine and alcohol, behavioral assessments of these interactions are limited. Objectives: To examine directly the behavioral interactions between cocaethylene and cocaine and between cocaethylene and alcohol, the present study assessed the effects produced by these combinations on schedule-controlled responding. Methods: Rats were first administered cumulative doses of cocaethylene, cocaine and alcohol to assess their effects alone on responding. Following this, doses of cocaethylene were combined with cumulative doses of cocaine or alcohol. Additionally, doses of cocaine or alcohol were given in combination with cumulative doses of cocaethylene. Results: When administered alone, cocaethylene, cocaine and alcohol produced dose-related decreases in responding. Further, cocaethylene shifted the dose–response functions for both cocaine and alcohol to the left and down, while cocaine and alcohol shifted the dose–response function for cocaethylene to the left and down. An isobolographic analysis revealed that these interactions were additive in nature. Conclusions: The present study suggests behavioral interactions between cocaethylene and cocaine and between cocaethylene and alcohol. The contribution of cocaethylene to the enhanced effects produced by the co-administration of cocaine and alcohol was discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130051044
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  • 115
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pretreatment with the putative anti-addictive drug, ibogaine, increases the potency of cocaine to elicit locomotor responding: a study with acute and chronic cocaine-treated rats (1999)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 145 (1999), S. 227-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Ibogaine ; Cocaine ; Dose-response ; Locomotor activity ; Sensitization ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  Rationale: Results of single-dose studies suggest that the effects of pretreatment with the putative anti-addictive compound, ibogaine, on drug-induced locomotor behavior depends on the previous drug history of the animal. Objectives: To compare the effects of ibogaine pretreatment on the dose-locomotor response function for cocaine in rats treated chronically with either saline or cocaine. Methods: Rats were chronically treated with either cocaine (15 mg/kg, IP, once daily for 5 days, followed by 2 week withdrawal) or saline. Ibogaine (40 mg/kg, IP) or vehicle was administered and 19 h later, a cocaine dose-locomotor response test was conducted (0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg, IP). Results: Chronic cocaine administration augmented the locomotor response to cocaine in chronic cocaine-treated rats, compared to acutely treated controls. Ibogaine pretreatment enhanced the locomotor effects of cocaine in both chronic and acute cocaine groups. Furthermore, due to the shape of the dose-response curve, in chronic cocaine but not in acute cocaine rats, ibogaine pretreatment enhanced the locomotor response to 5 and 10 mg/kg cocaine while decreasing the locomotor response to 40 mg/kg cocaine. Conclusions: These data demonstrate definitively that ibogaine can enhance sensitivity to the locomotor stimulant effects of cocaine, an effect which depends, in part, on the previous cocaine history of the animal.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130051053
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  • 116
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Evaluation of the reinforcing properties and phencyclidine-like discriminative stimulus effects of dextromethorphan and dextrorphan in rats and rhesus monkeys (1999)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 146 (1999), S. 49-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Dextromethorphan ; Dextrorphan ; Phencyclidine ; Self-administration ; Drug discrimination ; Monkey ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  Rationale: Dextromethorphan (DXM) and its metabolite, dextrorphan (DXO) have neuroprotective and anticonvulsant properties through their activity as N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor channel blockers. Based on this receptor activity, coupled with reports of DXM abuse, both were evaluated for abuse potential and phencyclidine (PCP)-like behavioral effects in two animal models. Objectives and methods: The discriminative stimulus properties of DXO and DXM were tested in rats (3–56 mg/kg DXM, i.p. and 2.2–40.9 mg/kg DXO, i.p.) and rhesus monkeys (0.3–10 mg/kg DXM, i.m. and 0.25–8.0 mg/kg DXO, i.m.) trained to discriminate PCP from saline using a standard two-lever drug-discrimination paradigm under a fixed-ratio (FR) schedule of food reinforcement. In a second set of experiments, i.v. self-administration of DXO (10–100 µg/kg/infusion) and DXM (10–1000 µg/kg/infusion) were tested under a FR schedule of reinforcement in monkeys trained to lever press for infusions of PCP during daily 1-h sessions. Results: In rats, both DXM and DXO produced a dose-dependent substitution for PCP. When tested in monkeys, DXM yielded partial (1 monkey) and full (2 monkeys) substitution for PCP, while DXO substituted fully for PCP in all four subjects tested. In the self-administration study, in five of the six subjects, at least one dose of DXM served as a positive reinforcer, maintaining infusion rates above those for saline. For DXO, at least one dose maintained infusion numbers well above mean saline infusion numbers in all subjects. Conclusions: Taken together, these data show that DXM has some PCP-like effects in rats and monkeys, but that they are more reliably produced by its metabolite, DXO. Thus, high doses of DXM may have some PCP-like abuse potential in humans but this potential may be associated with, or enhanced by, metabolism of DXM to DXO.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130051087
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  • 117
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Modulation of behaviour on trials 1 and 2 in the elevated plus-maze test of anxiety after systemic and hippocampal administration of nicotine (1999)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 144 (1999), S. 54-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Nicotinic receptor ; Dorsal hippocampus ; Anxiety ; Phobia ; Elevated plus-maze ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract   Rationale: The elevated plus-maze provides a test situation in which distinctive states of anxiety are elicited on trials 1 and 2 and the dorsal hippocampus has previously been shown to mediate the anxiogenic effects of (–)-nicotine in the social interaction test. Objective: To determine the effects of a wide dose range of (–)-nicotine on trial 1 and 2 in the plus-maze after systemic administration and whether the dorsal hippocampus is a site mediating the anxiogenic effect of nicotine. Methods: (–)-Nicotine (0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg) was injected IP 30 min before testing for 5 min in the plus-maze. Rats receiving dorsal hippocampal infusions received bilateral infusions of 0.5 μl of artificial CSF or (–)-nicotine (0.1, 1, 4 or 8 μg). The needle was left in place for 50 s after injection and testing took place 3 min later. Rats tested on trial 1 were naive to the plus-maze, those tested on trial 2 had received a previous 5-min undrugged exposure to the maze 48 h earlier. Results: Low doses of (–)-nicotine (0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg, IP) were without effect on either trial, but higher doses (0.5 and 1 mg/kg, IP) had anxiogenic effects on both trials, as shown by decreases in percentage time spent and percentage entries onto the open arms. Infusion of (–)-nicotine (0.1, 1, 4 and 8 μg) bilaterally into the dorsal hippocampus was without effect on trial 1, but 1 μg had an anxiolytic effect on trial 2, shown by an increased percentage time spent on the open arms. Conclusions: The results on both trials in the plus-maze after systemic administration of nicotine add to previous reports from the social interaction test that high doses of nicotine have anxiogenic effects. However, the effects of nicotine in the dorsal hippocampus are different in all three anxiety tests (anxiogenic in social interaction, ineffective on trial 1, anxiolytic on trial 2) showing that nicotinic cholinergic control in this brain region may vary depending on the state and/or type of anxiety generated by the test. The brain region(s) underlying the anxiogenic effects of IP nicotine on both trials in the plus-maze remain to be identified.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050976
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  • 118
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sex differences in the acquisition of intravenously self-administered cocaine and heroin in rats (1999)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 144 (1999), S. 77-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Acquisition ; Cocaine ; Heroin ; Rat ; Self-administration ; Sex difference
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract   Rationale: Despite numerous reports that male and female animals differ in behavioral responses to drugs, few studies have investigated sex differences in drug-reinforced behavior. Objectives: Acquisition of IV cocaine and heroin self-administration was compared in 20 female and 22 male Wistar rats. Methods: An autoshaping procedure was used to train rats to press a lever that resulted in either a 0.2 mg/kg infusion of cocaine or a 0.015 mg/kg infusion of heroin under a fixed-ratio 1 (FR 1) schedule. Daily sessions consisted of six 1-h autoshaping components followed by a 6-h self-administration component. During each autoshaping component, a retractable lever briefly (15 s) extended into the test chamber on a random interval schedule with a mean of either 90 s (cocaine groups) or 480 s (heroin groups) and either ten (cocaine groups) or five (heroin groups) computer-automated infusions were delivered each hour. During each 6-h self-administration component, the lever remained extended and each response on the lever resulted in an infusion of either cocaine (0.2 mg/kg) or heroin (0.015 mg/kg). The criterion for acquisition of cocaine self-administration was a mean of at least 100 infusions and the criterion for heroin self-administration was a mean of at least 20 infusions during the self-administration component over five consecutive sessions. Results: Female rats acquired both cocaine and heroin self-administration more rapidly than males. Acquisition of cocaine self-administration occurred in a greater percentage of female rats compared to males. Female rats self-administered more cocaine than males after acquisition criteria had been met. Conclusions: These findings indicate that female rats were more vulnerable than males to the acquisition of cocaine and heroin self-administration under the conditions of the present experiment.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050979
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  • 119
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Enhancement of sustained attention performance by the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist ABT-418 in intact but not basal forebrain-lesioned rats (1999)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 144 (1999), S. 175-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ; ABT-418 ; Methylphenidate ; Basal forebrain ; 192 IgG-saporin ; Sustained attention ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract   Rationale: Loss of telencephalic cholinergic projections has been postulated to contribute significantly to the cognitive decline associated with aging and dementia. Objective: The effects of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist ABT-418, a potential therapeutic drug for the treatment of the age- and dementia-associated cognitive disorders, were tested in an animal model of the cortical cholinergic deafferentation-induced impairments in sustained attention. Methods: Animals were trained in an operant task designed to test sustained attention performance. A partial loss of cortical cholinergic inputs was produced by infusions of 192 IgG-saporin into the basal forebrain. The effects of the systemic administration of ABT-418 (0.04, 0.13, 0.39 mg/kg) and the psychostimulant methylphenidate (0.2, 0.4, 0.8 mg/kg) were assessed. Results: Compared with sham-lesioned animals, this lesion resulted in a decrease in the relative number of hits while the relative number of correct rejections remained unaffected. Administration of ABT-418 significantly improved the relative number of hits. Furthermore, this effect of ABT-418 interacted with the effects of the lesion. Unexpectedly, this interaction was based on a significant enhancement of the performance of sham-lesioned animals while no effects were found in 192 IgG-saporin-lesioned animals. Administration of methylphenidate did not affect performance. Conclusions: While these data do not support the hypothesis that administration of ABT-418 attenuates the impairments in attentional performance that result from loss of cortical cholinergic inputs, they support previous notions about this drug’s ability to enhance cognitive processes in intact subjects.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050991
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  • 120
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Initiation of ethanol self-administration in the rat using sucrose substitution in a sipper-tube procedure (1999)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 147 (1999), S. 274-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Ethanol ; Initiation ; Sucrose-substitution ; Appetitive-consummatory ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  Rationale: The concepts of appetitive and consummatory behaviors provide a framework for examining ethanol-drinking behavior. However, traditional studies of ethanol self-administration using dipper procedures make separating the appetitive from the consummatory components difficult. Objective: This study compared the ability to initiate ethanol self-administration using a new sipper-tube self-administration procedure with the older established sucrose-substitution initiation model that employed dipper presented reinforcement. The new model was developed to allow for an assessment of the appetitive and consummatory components in ethanol self-administration. Methods: For the sipper-tube procedure, the rats were initiated to self-administer ethanol using a sucrose-substitution procedure that provided limited access to a sipper tube containing ethanol. This procedure required the completion of a fixed ratio requirement (FR4) in order to gain access to a sipper tube for 20 min. Initially, a 20% sucrose solution with no ethanol was provided in the sipper tube. Over sessions, the concentration of sucrose was reduced and the ethanol concentration increased, until 10% ethanol in water was the solution presented. A second group of animals was initiated to self-administer ethanol using the dipper-presentation procedure employed in our laboratory for many years. This group was used for comparison of the effectiveness of initiation in the sipper-tube procedure. Results: Following initiation, the sipper-tube rats self-administered 10% ethanol in water with intakes averaging 0.75 g/kg during the 20-min drinking period. Increasing the ethanol concentrations as high as 20%, increased intakes as high as 1.5 g/kg. The ethanol intakes observed were similar to those obtained with the dipper initiation procedure but occurred in one-third of the time. Conclusions: The sipper-tube procedure employed here results in similar ethanol self-administration behavior as has been found with a dipper presentation procedure. More importantly, however, it allows for a separation of the appetitive and consummatory components of ethanol self-administration. This separation may prove useful for examining the strength of ethanol-seeking behaviors without the confound of increasing levels of ethanol interacting with the appetitive seeking behaviors.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130051167
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  • 121
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mild social stress abolishes the effects of isolation on anxiety and chlordiazepoxide reactivity (1999)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 144 (1999), S. 311-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Anxiety ; ACTH ; Corticosterone ; GH ; Stress ; Anxiolytic ; Chlordiazepoxide ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract   Rationale: Social isolation is anxiogenic and may change the effects of anxiolytic drugs. These effects are generally attributed to ”isolation stress”. However, isolation does not affect basal corticosterone levels; thus, it cannot be considered stressful. On the contrary, isolation deprives animals of mild daily stressors that are inherent to social life. Since mild stressors were shown to be anxiolytic in rats, it was postulated that short-term, repeated stressors may abolish the effects of isolation. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether short-term, repeated, mild social stress can abolish the consequences of isolation on anxiety and on the effects of chlordiazepoxide. Methods: Rats were housed in groups or in individual cages for 5 days (isolates). Half of isolates were daily submitted to the attacks of a resident rat for 30 min per day, on 4 consecutive days (stressed isolates). On day 5, rats were treated either with vehicle or with chlordiazepoxide and submitted to the elevated plus-maze test. Endocrinological consequences of experimental manipulations were assessed in a different set of rats. Results: Plasma ACTH and corticosterone levels were similar in the three groups. Weight gain was higher, while plasma growth hormone was lower in stressed isolates, both effects being consistent with a mild stress. Isolation had a clear anxiogenic effect. This effect was completely abolished by the daily experience of social stress. Chlordiazepoxide had a significant anxiolytic effect in all three groups. Its effects on classical plus-maze variables did not differentiate the three groups. However, chlordiazepoxide decreased risk assessment activity only in isolates. Conclusions: The lack of appropriate endocrinological changes challenges the concept of ”isolation stress”. However, isolation was anxiogenic in our study and it also induced subtle changes in the effects of chlordiazepoxide. It appears that mild daily stressors have a protective effect against the effects of isolation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130051012
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  • 122
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Alterations of the dopaminergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission in adult rats with postnatal ibotenic acid hippocampal lesion (1999)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 145 (1999), S. 61-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Hippocampus ; Lesion ; Glutamate receptor and release ; Dopamine receptor ; Locomotor activity ; Schizophrenia ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract In 6-week and 8-week-old rats (pre- and postpubertally) with neonatal excitotoxic lesions of the ventral hippocampus with ibotenic acid (IBO), we have studied apomorphine-induced motor activity and glutamate and dopamine D1 and D2 binding sites in the hippocampus, striatum, nc. accumbens and frontal cortex as well as K+-stimulated (3H)-D-aspartate release from hippocampal and frontal cortical slices. Specific glutamate binding was enhanced in the frontal cortex of 8-week-old IBO-treated animals, whereas that in other brain regions remained unchanged. Both D1 and D2 binding sites were downregulated in the striatum without changes in other brain structures. In 6-week-old rats, neither the glutamate nor the dopamine binding sites were altered. The amino acid release from hippocampal and frontal cortical slices of adult IBO treated rats was significantly decreased in comparison to controls, whereas in 6-week-old rats, no significant alterations were detectable. The additionally monitored motor activity was enhanced only in adult IBO-lesioned rats after apomorphine pretreatment. The present data are in agreement with the hypothesis of hyperactive dopamine and hypoactive glutamate systems in schizophrenia and are discussed in the light of schizophrenia-like behavioral changes in rats after postnatal hippocampal IBO lesion.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130051032
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  • 123
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Differential effects of withdrawal from chronic amphetamine or fluoxetine administration on brain stimulation reward in the rat – interactions between the two drugs (1999)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 145 (1999), S. 283-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Amphetamine ; Fluoxetine ; Intracranial self-stimulation thresholds ; Withdrawal ; Depression ; Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ; Psychostimulant ; Reward ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  Rationale: Withdrawal from chronic amphetamine administration is characterized by deficits in reward that resemble some symptoms of depression. Nevertheless, the effects of long-term administration and withdrawal from other drugs, such as fluoxetine, that have the potential to elevate mood in depressed individuals have not been characterized. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to characterize the effects of withdrawal from chronic amphetamine or fluoxetine administration on central reward function. Furthermore, the effects of acute or chronic pretreatment with fluoxetine on responsiveness to an acute amphetamine challenge were examined to identify potential interactions between the two drugs. Methods: A rate-independent discrete-trial threshold procedure was used to characterize self-stimulation behavior in rats prepared with bipolar electrodes in the medial forebrain bundle. Results: Elevations in intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) thresholds, reflecting a decrease in the reward value of the stimulation, were associated with withdrawal from various chronic amphetamine treatment regimens (1–5 mg/kg, three injections per day for 1, 2, 4 or 6 days). The magnitude and duration of threshold elevations were proportional to the duration and dose of amphetamine treatment prior to withdrawal. In contrast, no alterations in ICSS thresholds were associated with withdrawal from chronic fluoxetine treatment (5 mg/kg/day for 15 days). While neither acute nor chronic administration of fluoxetine alone altered ICSS thresholds, chronic pretreatment with fluoxetine blocked the threshold-lowering effect of acute amphetamine administration (4 mg/kg), but acute pretreatment did not. Amphetamine-induced decreases in response latency, a measure of motor performance, were not affected by either chronic or acute fluoxetine pretreatment. Conclusions: The results of these experiments suggest that chronic fluoxetine treatment may induce adaptive changes in serotonergic transmission that, in themselves, do not alter the function of central reward processes, but may alter the ability of amphetamine to potentiate ICSS reward. In addition, the lack of change in ICSS thresholds during withdrawal from the chronic fluoxetine treatment regimen used suggests that withdrawal from all mood-altering drugs may not necessarily produce changes in central reward functions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130051060
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  • 124
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Acute and chronic effects of nornicotine on locomotor activity in rats: altered response to nicotine (1999)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 145 (1999), S. 442-451 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Nicotine ; Nornicotine ; Behavioral sensitization ; Locomotor activity ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  Rationale: Nicotine, a tobacco alkaloid, is known to be important in the acquisition and maintenance of tobacco smoking. Nornicotine, an active nicotine metabolite, stimulates nicotinic receptors and may produce psychomotor effects similar to nicotine. Objective: The present study determined the effects of acute and repeated administration of nornicotine on locomotor activity and compared its effects with those of nicotine. Methods: R(+)-Nornicotine (0.3–10 mg/kg), S(–)-nornicotine (0.3–10 mg/kg), S(–)-nicotine (0.1–1 mg/kg) or saline was administered s.c. to rats acutely or repeatedly (eight injections at 48-h intervals). Activity was recorded for 50 min immediately after each injection. Results: S(–)-Nicotine produced transient hypoactivity, followed by dose-related hyperactivity. Repeated S(–)-nicotine administration resulted in tolerance to the hypoactivity and sensitization to the hyperactivity. Subsequent testing following a saline injection revealed evidence of conditioned hyperactivity. Acute administration of 0.3 mg/kg or 1 mg/kg R(+)- or S(–)-nornicotine produced no effect. Transient hypoactivity was observed at 3 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg R(+)-nornicotine and at 10 mg/kg S(–)-nornicotine. However, rebound hyperactivity was not observed following acute administration of either nornicotine enantiomer, suggesting that nornicotine-induced psychomotor effects differ qualitatively from those of S(–)-nicotine. Repeated R(+)-nornicotine resulted in tolerance to the transient hypoactivity, however hyperactivity was not observed. Repeated S(–)-nornicotine resulted in tolerance to the hypoactivity and the appearance of hyperactivity. Repeated administration of either nornicotine enantiomer resulted in a dose-dependent alteration in response to a 1 mg/kg S(–)-nicotine challenge, suggesting some commonalities in the mechanism of action. Conclusion: Nornicotine likely contributes to the neuropharmacological effects of nicotine and tobacco use.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130051079
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  • 125
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fluoxetine blocks expression but not development of sensitization to morphine-induced oral stereotypy in rats (1999)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 146 (1999), S. 19-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Serotonin ; Sensitization ; Rat ; Dopamine opiate ; Movement disorder
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract   Rationale: Repeated high doses of morphine in the rat cause stereotypic gnawing behavior that can be re-expressed by a low dose of morphine weeks and even months after the initial treatment. The determination of the role of serotonin in this sensitized morphine-induced behavior has both empirical and theoretical relevance. Objectives: To determine whether the serotonin-reuptake blocker fluoxetine will block the development and/or the expression of this opiate-induced stereotypy. Methods: Rats were given four 10-mg/kg injections of morphine alone or with 5.0 mg/kg fluoxetine over a 36-h period. At weekly intervals for 6 weeks after the last of the sensitizing morphine doses, all rats were challenged with 4.0 mg/kg morphine. At week 2 and week 4, however, the morphine was co-administered with fluoxetine. Results: Fluoxetine completely blocked the expression of the morphine-induced stereotypy; however, when the morphine/fluoxetine-treated rats were challenged with morphine alone, they expressed similar degrees of stereotypy as the rats that initially only received morphine. Conclusions: The results indicate that increasing synaptic serotonin will block the expression but not the development of sensitization to the oral stereotypic effects of repeated high doses of morphine. Also, despite the complete blocking of the morphine effect by fluoxetine during the sensitization phase, the presence of significant biting by these rats during the challenge with morphine alone argues that conditioning factors are not a necessary component for the morphine sensitization to develop.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130051083
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  • 126
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, ENA 713 (Exelon), attenuates the working memory impairment induced by scopolamine in an operant DNMTP task in rats (1999)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 146 (1999), S. 10-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Delayed non-matching to position task ; Scopolamine ; ENA 713 ; Exelon ; Working memory ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract   Rationale: The disruption of working memory in the delayed non-matching to position (DNMTP) task by the muscarinic antagonist, scopolamine, is considered to be a model of the spatial working memory deficit in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. Objective: To investigate whether ENA 713 (Exelon) (0.1, 0.5 mg/kg, IP), an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, would reverse the effects of scopolamine in the DNMTP task. Methods: Male Lister Hooded rats were trained to criterion in an operant DNMTP task (0- to 16-s delay intervals) before receiving vehicle, scopolamine (0.05 mg/kg, SC) alone, ENA 713 (0.1, 0.5 mg/kg, IP) alone, or combinations of scopolamine and ENA 713, in two variations of the task – with and without barriers inserted between the food magazine and the two levers. Barriers were inserted to prevent the use of positional strategies to perform the task, since this behaviour may confound the conclusions of the effect of drugs on working memory. Results: It was found that: (i) scopolamine significantly reduced choice accuracy delay-dependently in both test situations while modifying non-mnemonic measures of task performance delay-independently, indicating an impairment of working memory; (ii) ENA 713 (0.5 mg/kg) significantly attenuated the scopolamine-induced impairment of working memory and significantly reduced the scopolamine-induced changes in some non-mnemonic measures of task performance; (iii) the presence of barriers did not alter the effects of scopolamine and ENA 713 on working memory. Conclusion: ENA 713 reversed the working memory deficit induced by scopolamine. These results are consistent with the attenuation of learning and memory disruptions due to cholinergic dysfunction by ENA 713 in other preclinical assays, and predict a drug-induced improvement in working memory in AD patients.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130051082
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  • 127
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Impulsivity resulting from frontostriatal dysfunction in drug abuse: implications for the control of behavior by reward-related stimuli (1999)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 146 (1999), S. 373-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Compulsion ; Addiction ; Cocaine ; Amphetamine ; Cannabis ; Phencyclidine ; Nucleus accumbens ; Amygdala ; Frontal cortex ; Limbic ; Stimulus-reward association ; Conditioned reward ; Sensitization ; Drug-seeking ; Inhibitory control ; Cognition ; Conditioned stimulus ; Incentive motivational ; Dopamine ; Rat ; Monkey
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  Drug abuse and dependence define behavioral states involving increased allocation of behavior towards drug seeking and taking at the expense of more appropriate behavioral patterns. As such, addiction can be viewed as increased control of behavior by the desired drug (due to its unconditioned, rewarding properties). It is also clear that drug-associated (conditioned) stimuli acquire heightened abilities to control behaviors. These phenomena have been linked with dopamine function within the ventral striatum and amygdala and have been described specifically in terms of motivational and incentive learning processes. New data are emerging that suggest that regions of the frontal cortex involved in inhibitory response control are directly affected by long-term exposure to drugs of abuse. The result of chronic drug use may be frontal cortical cognitive dysfunction, resulting in an inability to inhibit inappropriate unconditioned or conditioned responses elicited by drugs, by related stimuli or by internal drive states. Drug-seeking behavior may thus be due to two related phenomena: (1) augmented incentive motivational qualities of the drug and associated stimuli (due to limbic/amygdalar dysfunction) and (2) impaired inhibitory control (due to frontal cortical dysfunction). In this review, we consider the neuro-anatomical and neurochemical substrates subserving inhibitory control and motivational processes in the rodent and primate brain and their putative impact on drug seeking. The evidence for cognitive impulsivity in drug abuse associated with dysfunction of the frontostriatal system will be discussed, and an integrative hypothesis for compulsive reward-seeking in drug abuse will be presented.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00005483
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  • 128
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Interactions between neuroleptics and 5-HT1A ligands in preclinical behavioral models for antipsychotic and extrapyramidal effects (1999)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 144 (1999), S. 20-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Schizophrenia ; Extrapyramidal side-effect ; Neuroleptic ; Antipsychotic ; Dopamine D2 receptor ; Serotonin 5-HT1A receptor ; Intrinsic activity ; Paw test ; Catalepsy ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Rationale: Combining neuroleptics with 5-HT1A ligands is thought to improve the preclinical profile of neuroleptics and may be of interest in the development of new compounds that have greater therapeutic potential and/or are better tolerated. Objective: To examine 1) the ability of 5-HT1A ligands to alter the effects of neuroleptics in preclinical models for antipsychotic potential (hindlimb retraction time in the paw test) and extrapyramidal side-effects (forelimb retraction time in the paw test; catalepsy tests), 2) the role of intrinsic activity at 5-HT1A receptors in the modulatory effects of 5-HT1A ligands, and 3) the generality of the interactions across neuroleptics. Methods: The effects of different doses of 5-HT1A ligands with intrinsic activity ranging from high (e.g., 8-OH-DPAT) to low (e.g., WAY 100135) administered together with a fixed, high dose of the neuroleptics haloperidol, risperidone, and tropapride were examined in the paw test and on catalepsy. Results: Firstly, the 5-HT1A agonists 8-OH-DPAT and ipsapirone attenuated the extrapyramidal-like effects of haloperidol and risperidone more than their therapeutic-like effects; this was not observed for tropapride, where all of its effects were markedly attenuated. Secondly, neither the weak 5-HT1A agonist WAY 100135 nor the silent antagonist WAY 100635 attenuated the effects of neuroleptics. Thirdly, neuroleptics apparently differed in their sensitivity to interactions with 5-HT1A agonists inasmuch as 8-OH-DPAT and ipsapirone attenuated the effects of tropapride on hindlimb retraction times more than those of haloperidol or risperidone. Conclusions: The present data suggest that 5-HT1A agonists with intermediate or high, but not low, intrinsic activity may abolish the extrapyramidal effects of neuroleptics. Together with results of previous studies, it appears that 5-HT1A agonists alter the antipsychotic-like effects of neuroleptics, although this may depend on the neuroleptic studied.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050972
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  • 129
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Dose-response curves and time-course effects of selected anticholinergics on locomotor activity in rats (1999)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 147 (1999), S. 250-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Locomotion ; Activity ; Dose-response ; Time-course ; Anticholinergic drug ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  Rationale: In order to facilitate direct comparisons of anticholinergic drug effects on activity, nine drugs were tested in one laboratory using a standardized procedure. Objective: The present study compared the effects of aprophen hydrochloride, atropine sulfate, azaprophen hydrochloride, benactyzine hydrochloride, biperiden hydrochloride, diazepam, procyclidine hydrochloride, scopolamine hydrobromide, and trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride on activity levels in rats. Methods: Both fine motor activity (reflecting smaller movements) and ambulatory activity (reflecting larger movements) were recorded for 23 h following drug administration in food-restricted rats. All drugs were administered during the light period of the photocycle. Results: Atropine, azaprophen, biperiden, scopolamine, and trihexyphenidyl increased both ambulations and fine motor activity significantly during the first hour post-injection, but the increased activity levels returned to vehicle control levels within 2–6 h post-injection. Benactyzine and procyclidine only increased fine motor activity significantly above vehicle control levels and activity levels returned to vehicle control levels within 2–3 h. Finally, aprophen and diazepam generally did not increase measures of activity significantly above vehicle controls at the dose ranges examined. Conclusions: Based on potencies relative to scopolamine, the potency of the drugs could be ranked as follows: scopolamine 〉 trihexyphenidyl 〉 biperiden 〉 azaprophen 〉 procyclidine 〉 benactyzine 〉 atropine 〉 aprophen. The comparison of drug effects on activity may be useful in selecting anticholinergic drug therapies with a minimal range of side effects. In addition, these data may reduce the number of anticholinergic drugs that need to be tested in comparison studies involving more complex behavioral tests.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130051164
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  • 130
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Expression of early hippocampal CA1 LTP does not lead to changes in AMPA-EPSC kinetics or sensitivity to cyclothiazide (1999)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 437 (1999), S. 191-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Schlagwort(e): Key words AMPA receptor-mediated EPSCs ; Cyclothiazide ; Hippocampus ; Kinetics ; Long-term potentiation (LTP) ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  We have analysed whether the expression of long-term potentiation (LTP) in rat hippocampal CA1 neurons involves a change in the kinetics of (S)-α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) (AMPA-EPSCs) or their susceptibility to the AMPA receptor modulator cyclothiazide. AMPA-EPSCs in the CA1 region were evoked by alternate stimulation of two independent Schaffer collateral-commissural inputs of slices of adult rat hippocampus. In the current-clamp mode a strong tetanus (100 Hz, 1 s) applied to one input (input I) induced stable LTP of AMPA-EPSCs in this input, while the control input (input II) remained unaffected. For neither input were EPSC rise time and decay kinetics significantly changed. The application of cyclothiazide prolonged the rise time and the decay time constants of the AMPA-EPSCs in both control and potentiated inputs to the same extent (Input I–rise time: 198±8%, decay: 148±12%; input II–rise time: 212±14%, decay: 144±19%; n=8). Furthermore, when present during tetanization cyclothiazide did not occlude LTP, suggesting that cyclothiazide and tetanic stimulation enhance AMPA-EPSCs via independent mechanisms. Our findings argue against changes in (de-)activation or desensitization of AMPA receptors as the molecular basis for the expression of LTP.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004240050768
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  • 131
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cardioventilatory coupling in the anaesthetised rabbit, rat and guinea-pig (1999)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 437 (1999), S. 910-916 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Cardiorespiratory system ; Anaesthesia ; Rat ; Rabbit ; Guinea-pig
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  Cardioventilatory coupling is a temporal coherence of respiratory and cardiac rhythms, seen in humans at rest, and during sleep and anaesthesia. In this study we compared the cardioventilatory coupling of anaesthetised rabbits, rats and guinea-pigs. Breathing two successive anaesthetic concentrations (1 or 2% isoflurane) we compared the effect of anaesthetic depth and species on (1) heart rate, (2) heart rate variability, (3) ventilatory rate (f), (4) ventilatory variability, (5) ratio HR/f, (6) degree of coupling (Shannon entropy of the distribution of intervals between inspiration and the preceding electrocardiographic R wave – the RI interval) and (7) coupling pattern, classified into four sub-patterns (I-IV) based upon inspection of the RI interval time series. Rabbits exhibited significantly less ventilatory variability and coupling than rats or guinea-pigs. The sub-pattern of coupling also differed between the three species. Rabbits showed coupling only when HR and f were close to integer ratios whereas other species coupled at non-integer ratios. Ventilatory variability in the rat and guinea-pig differed according to the pattern of coupling observed. Of the three species studied, the rat and guinea-pig demonstrated coupling most similar to that of anaesthetised human subjects. Anaesthetic concentration did not influence the pattern or degree of coupling.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004240050862
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  • 132
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Antithrombin treatment of severe hepatic veno-occlusive disease in children with cancer (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 158 (1999), S. S154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Veno-occlusive disease ; Antithrombin ; Children ; Chemotherapy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD) is a well-known complication of chemotherapy in Wilms tumor patients, particularly young children. Although this complication resolves uneventfully in most patients, fatal cases have been reported. Severe VOD after transplantation has a high mortality rate ranging from 45% to 98%. New hemostatic therapeutic strategies have significantly improved the prognosis of VOD. Chemotherapy-related VOD in Wilms tumor usually has a good prognosis. We describe two patients with Wilms tumor and one with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, who developed severe veno-occlusive disease of the liver according to the Baltimore criteria while undergoing chemotherapy; the symptoms were hepatomegaly, ascites, hyperbilirubinemia, weight gain and, in one patient, short-term lethargy. Elevated LDH levels of 872 to 12,000 U/l were observed in our patients. All patients had thrombocytopenia between 29,000 and 40,000/μl and decreased antithrombin (AT) and protein C levels; two patients had gastrointestinal bleeding. All patients developed a coagulopathy because of severe hepatic dysfunction. Two patients received low-dose heparin at the onset of VOD. The thrombolytic therapy was rapidly changed to AT supplementation (20–80 IU/kg bw 2× per day) without heparin when thrombocytes were very low or gastrointestinal bleeding occurred. Resolution of VOD was observed in all patients receiving AT alone. The chemotherapy was discontinued in a patient with accidental actinomycin D overdosage in view of the severity of symptoms. The remaining two patients received chemotherapy according to the therapy protocol after restitution. All patients survived without sequelae with a median follow-up of 28 months (range 8–48 months). Conclusion Hepatic veno-occlusive disease is a rare but increasingly recognized complication in pediatric cancer patients receiving conventional chemotherapy. AT supplementation constitutes a good alternative treatment of severe VOD in comparison with other thrombolytic therapies, particularly in patients at high risk of bleeding.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00014344
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  • 133
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Follow-up of musculoskeletal tumours 2. Metastatic disease (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 192-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Sarcoma ; Metastasis ; MRI
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. Both the prognosis and the morbidity of a patient with a primary malignant musculoskeletal tumour have improved over the past 25 years due to the advent of adjuvant chemotherapy and limb-sparing surgery. This has important implications for the role of imaging at the time of initial diagnosis and during follow-up. This pictorial essay reviews the imaging and pitfalls in the interpretation of musculoskeletal sarcoma metastases using a variety of radiological techniques. The optimal imaging strategy will be stressed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050654
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  • 134
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Evaluation of the role of magnetic resonance myelography in lumbar spine imaging (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 924-929 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Lumbar spine ; MRI ; MR myelography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the accuracy of MR myelography in depicting disc herniation in the lumbar spine when compared with conventional MRI in patients presenting with clinical evidence of disc herniation. One hundred patients referred for conventional MR imaging of the lumbar spine also had coronal MR (TR 9000 ms, TE 272 ms eff, NEX 3, echo train length 32) myelography performed. Three experienced observers compared magnetic resonance myelography (MRM) with conventional lumbar spine MR using the following variables: visibility of thecal sac and nerve roots, and the presence, location and severity of disc herniation. Disc protrusions were seen at 110 disc space levels on conventional MR images as opposed to 93 on MRM. However, only 72 % of lesions seen on conventional MR were diagnosed by MRM. Similarly, only 63.8 % of nerve root compression abnormalities seen at conventional MR were visualized when compared with conventional MRM. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of MRM when compared with conventional MR was 72, 93 and 85 %, respectively. The MRM technique yields images that resemble conventional myelography and may be used to help confirm abnormalities seen on conventional MR in selected cases; however, the large number of false-positive and false-negative examinations indicates that caution should be used in interpreting MRM images.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050768
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  • 135
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Unusual manifestation of an osteoid osteoma of the capitate (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 1098-1100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Osteoid osteoma ; Carpal bones ; Capitate ; MRI
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. A case of osteoid osteoma of the capitate in a 29-year-old male is reported. The patient suffered from unspecific clinical findings and a 3-year history of uncharacteristic wrist pain. Conventional radiographs of the wrist revealed a circumscribed sclerosis in the proximal part of the capitate bone beside a diffuse demineralisation of the carpal bones. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a circumscribed, tumorous lesion with marked enhancement after IV administration of contrast agent and a highly calcified nidus, which was sharply demarcated by a small rim of granulation tissue from the surrounding spongious bone. Based on MRI findings, the diagnosis of an osteoid osteoma was established and confirmed after operation and histologic analysis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050797
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  • 136
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Primary soft tissue hydatid disease: report of two cases with MRI characteristics (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 1101-1103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Echinococcosis ; Soft tissues ; MRI ; Hydatid disease
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. Hydatid disease of the soft tissues forms a rare mass lesion of the extremities. Two cases of primary hydatid disease in soft tissues are presented with MR imaging findings. A cystic mass with multiloculated or multicystic appearance was identified on MR images in both cases. The lesions were surrounded by a rim with two layers representing a collageneous and a vascularized pericyst. The contrast-enhanced images demonstrated the vascularized component of the wall clearly in the first case. In diagnosis of hydatid disease and in its differentiation from other cystic lesions of the extremities, we think that the described MR appearances can be used confidently.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050798
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  • 137
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Metastases to the breast from rhabdomyosarcoma: appearances on MRI (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 1113-1116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Breast ; Rhabdomyosarcoma ; Mammography ; Ultrasound ; MRI
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. The authors report a case of blood-borne bilateral metastatic breast disease of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) in a 21-year-old patient. The possibilities of mammography, ultrasound, and MRI in the early detection of breast metastases and their appearance on these modalities are discussed. Whereas mammography rendered no additional information due to dense breast parenchyma and ultrasound showed only a solitary tumor without definite criteria of malignancy, multifocal bilateral spread was verified with MRI and early ring-like enhancement suggested malignancy. Therefore, we conclude that MRI may provide useful information in evaluating patients with sarcomas, even when there is no clinical evidence for metastatic disease of the breast.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050801
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  • 138
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Exogenous lipoid pneumonia: HRCT, MR, and pathologic findings (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 1190-1196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Lipoid pneumonia ; Diagnosis ; Lung ; Disease ; CT ; MRI
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. The objective of this study was to describe high-resolution CT (HRCT) and MR findings of exogenous lipoid pneumonia and to correlate them with pathologic findings. A retrospective review of the medical records of our institution revealed seven patients with a diagnosis of lipoid pneumonia based on clinical data, chest films, bronchoalveolar lavage, and follow-up. Both HRCT and MR imaging were reviewed by two readers. Pathologic examination of the resected specimen or surgical biopsies were also reviewed in the four available cases. The HRCT findings were pulmonary consolidations (n = 6) with fatty (n = 3) or unspecific but low attenuation values (n = 3), areas of ground-glass opacities (n = 5), septal lines, and centrilobular interstitial thickening (n = 5). In five of the seven cases, a crazy-paving pattern of various spread was also present, either isolated (n = 1) or surrounding a pulmonary consolidation. In two cases traction bronchiectasis and cystic changes consistent with fibrosis were seen. At MR imaging (n = 2) a pulmonary consolidation of high signal intensity on T1-weighted image consistent with lipid content was present in one case. Pathologic examination (n = 4) showed the coexistence of lobules with lesions of various ages, sometimes in contiguous lobules, within the same patient. Recent lesions were those with alveolar fill-in by spumous macrophages and almost normal alveolar walls and septae. In more advanced lesions, lobules were filled in with larger vacuoles often surrounded by inflammatory infiltrates of alveolar walls, bronchiolar walls, and septa. The oldest lesions were characterized by fibrosis and parenchymal distortion around large lipid-containing vacuoles. The HRCT findings reflect pathologic findings in exogenous lipoid pneumonia. Although non-specific, consolidation areas of low attenuation values and crazy-paving pattern are frequently associated in exogenous lipoid pneumonia and are indicative of the diagnosis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050815
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  • 139
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Isolated penile metastasis from bladder carcinoma (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 1596-1598 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Penile metastasis ; Corpus cavernosum ; Bladder cancer ; CT ; MRI
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. Metastases of the penis are uncommon, with only approximately 300 cases reported since 1870. In up to 70 % of patients, the primary tumour is located in the urogenital tract. Furthermore, isolated metastases of the penis are exceptionally rare. We report a case of solitary squamous cell metastasis of the penis presenting with painful swelling initially thought to be inflammatory in origin. The CT and MR imaging findings are presented with a short review of the literature.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050892
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  • 140
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Wegener's granulomatosis with unusual cavernous sinus and sella turcica extension (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 1859-1861 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Wegener's granulomatosis ; Cavernous sinus ; Sella turcica ; MRI
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. Intracerebral extension of Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) is rare. We present a patient with oculomotor and trochlear nerve palsy with histologically proved WG. An MR examination revealed granulomatous tissue in nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses with meningeal infiltration, and uncommon penetration into cavernous sinus and sella turcica. The MR images before and during pharmacological therapy are presented.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050935
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  • 141
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chondromyxoid fibroma of the sacrum (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 1800-1803 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Bone neoplasm ; Chondromyxoid fibroma ; Sacrum ; MRI
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. A 30-year-old man with a 7-month history of mild sacral pain and intermittant left sciatica was found to have an expansile lesion in the sacrum on a plain radiograph. Biopsy confirmed a chondromyxoid fibroma which was removed surgically. A 1-year follow-up showed no recurrence. The case is the fifth to be reported. Plain film and MRI appearances, histology and treatment are described. The previously reported cases are reviewed and the current literature is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050925
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  • 142
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Imaging features of thalassemia (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 1804-1809 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Thalassemia ; Extramedullary hematopoiesis ; MRI ; CT
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. Thalassemia is a kind of chronic, inherited, microcytic anemia characterized by defective hemoglobin synthesis and ineffective erythropoiesis. In all thalassemias clinical features that result from anemia, transfusional, and absorptive iron overload are similar but vary in severity. The radiographic features of β-thalassemia are due in large part to marrow hyperplasia. Markedly expanded marrow space lead to various skeletal manifestations including spine, skull, facial bones, and ribs. Extramedullary hematopoiesis (ExmH), hemosiderosis, and cholelithiasis are among the non-skeletal manifestations of thalassemia. The skeletal X-ray findings show characteristics of chronic overactivity of the marrow. In this article both skeletal and non-skeletal manifestations of thalassemia are discussed with an overview of X-ray findings, including MRI and CT findings.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050926
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  • 143
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Parosteal lipoma with hyperostosis (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 1810-1812 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Soft tissue neoplasm ; Parosteal lipoma ; MRI
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. A case of parosteal lipoma of the femur combined with hyperostosis is presented. The parosteal lipoma is a rare benign tumor containing adipose tissue and is intimately related to the periosteum. We report the MRI features and correlative pathologic findings of a parosteal lipoma. The MRI technique is useful for evaluating the relationship between the periosteum and the lipoma.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050927
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  • 144
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Misleading diagnosis of retroperitoneal actinomycosis (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 1869-1872 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Actinomycosis ; Adrenal ; Misleading diagnosis ; MIBG ; MRI
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. A 34-year-old woman presented with a left-sided suprarenal space-occupying lesion on sonography. Culture of material obtained during sonographic-guided puncture of the retroperitoneal lesion yielded a mixed flora of Actinomyces and Peptostreptococcus. Initially, a misleading diagnosis of an adrenal pheochromocytoma was initiated by highly positive metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy after chemical chemistry vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) test showed elevated values for adrenaline and its derivatives. Retroperitoneal actinomycosis with yet unproven spread into thoracic and cervical compartments is a particular unusual presentation of an infection with these organisms. Because it may mimic subacute infections or malignant masses in terms of clinical and laboratory findings, radiological diagnosis of this entity may be difficult. The diagnosis was based on results of culture and the response of the patient to long-term penicillin-derivate therapy after surgical drainage of the suprarenal abscess formation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050937
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  • 145
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Diagnosis of neonatal hemochromatosis with MR imaging and duplex Doppler sonography (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 1882-1885 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Neonatal liver failure ; Neonatal hemochromatosis ; Newborn ; MRI ; Duplex Doppler sonography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. Neonatal hemochromatosis is a rare congenital disorder which affects both fetuses and newborns. It is characterized by hepatocellular failure, often appearing on the first day of life in the form of coagulopathy, hypoalbuminemia, hypoglycemia, and jaundice. Most of the affected infants die early in life, and definitive diagnosis has often been made only by post-mortem evaluation. With the help of MRI, plus increasing awareness of the disorder, diagnosis is now often made early, even in utero. Duplex Doppler sonography does not provide information on siderosis but shows abnormalities in the liver or blood-flow patterns associated with liver disease.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050941
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  • 146
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A comparative study of the effects of morphine in the dorsal periaqueductal gray and nucleus accumbens of rats submitted to the elevated plus-maze test (1999)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 129 (1999), S. 260-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Opioids ; µ-Receptors ; κ-Receptors ; Aversion ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  We studied the effects of morphine injected either systemically or into the dorsal periaqueductal gray (DPAG) or nucleus accumbens (NA) using conventional and ethological analyses of behavior of rats submitted to the elevated plus-maze test with transparent walls. Intraperitoneal morphine (0.1 mg/kg and 0.3 mg/kg) increased both standard and ethological measures, expressing general exploratory activity such as total arm entries, end-exploration, scanning, head-dipping, and rearing. Morphine 10 (7.6 µg/µl) and 30 nmol (23 µg/µl) injected into nucleus accumbens produced similar effects, which were blocked by i.p. naltrexone (2.0 mg/kg), an opioid antagonist with good affinity for µ-opioid receptors. Morphine injected into the DPAG produced either antiaversive (10 nmol) or aversive effects (30 nmol), which respectively reduced and increased entries and time spent in the open arms and behaviors associated with risk assessment (peeping out, stretched attend postures, and flat back approach). The proaversive effects were inhibited by i.p. norbinaltorphimine (2.0 mg/kg), a selective inhibitor for κ-opioid receptors. These findings support the contention that at least some of the motivational effects of morphine may be due to activation of opioid mechanisms in nucleus accumbens, and DPAG has neural substrates for antiaversive and aversive effects of morphine. Moreover, on the basis of previous and present data obtained in this laboratory, it is suggested that stimulation of µ-opioid receptors inhibits and stimulation of κ-receptors activates the neural substrate of aversion in the DPAG. On the other hand, the increase in exploratory behavior due to interaction of morphine with µ-opioid receptors in the nucleus accumbens may be due to the stimulation of the interface between neural substrates of motivation and motor output in this structure.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002210050896
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  • 147
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Age-dependence of the lateral diffusion coefficient of Concanavalin-A receptors in the plasma membrane of ex vivo prepared brain cortical nerve cells of BN/BiRijHsd rats (1999)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 124 (1999), S. 233-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Protein lateral mobility ; Plasma membrane of brain cells ; Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching ; Concanavalin-A-receptors ; Concanavalin-A-fluorescein conjugate ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  A new method has been developed for ex vivo preparation of brain cortical cells of BN/BiRijHsd rats to make them suitable for the measurement of the lateral diffusion coefficient of the membrane components by means of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). The method involves chopping the brain cortex into pieces of less than 1 mm. These parts are stained with a fluorescent label (e.g., concanavalin-A-fluorescein, Con-A-FL conjugate) and then gently pressed onto a microscope slide using the coverslip. In the resulting specimen, the largest cells of the cortex can be recognized in phase-contrast image, sufficiently stained by the label and ready for the FRAP measurement. The lateral diffusion coefficient of Con-A-receptor proteins (D p) was measured in such brain cell preparations of 15 female rats in four age groups (5.6–31.8 months) and 11 males in three age groups (13.8–31.8 months). Highly significant negative, linear age correlation of D p (R=−0.9958 in females, and −0.9956 in males) were found, the regression equations being D p,=(8.8311–0.1425 X)−10 and D p█=(9.3240−0.1630 X)−10 cm2/s, respectively, where X is age in months. The data confirm that the lateral mobility of plasma membrane proteins represents an important biomarker of cellular aging in the brain cortical cells of BN/BiRijHsd rats.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002210050618
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  • 148
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Facilitation of spinal sciatic neuron responses to hindpaw thermal stimulation after formalin injection in rat tail (1999)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 126 (1999), S. 501-508 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Spinal cord ; Wide-dynamic-range neurons ; Tail formalin ; Sciatic afferences ; Thermal stimulation ; Facilitation ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  A recent model of formalin injection in the tail induced a facilitation of the hindpaw withdrawal reflexes. In the present work we tried, after injecting formalin into the tail of the albino rat, to determine the spontaneous activity and response changes of lumbar sciatic wide-dynamic-range neurons to thermal stimulations of the paw at 45°C and 48°C (the respective thresholds for noxious and non-noxious thermal stimuli). The experiments were carried out with multiple recording electrodes placed in a comb array in the lumbar segments of the spinal cord at L4–L6 level in the sciatic projection field. A significant facilitation of the spontaneous activity was already evident 2 min after injection; at 5 min there were strong facilitations to the thermal stimuli. Stimuli at 45°C, often ineffective prior to the formalin injection, became strongly excitatory. Stimuli at 48°C evoked more conspicuous responses. This facilitatory effect on spontaneous and thermal responses followed a time-course comparable to that described for the excitations seen after paw formalin injection, but the duration was more prolonged, lasting more than 2 h. These data indicate a facilitatory role of the formalin effects on spinal sciatic neurons after injection in the tail. It is proposed that the mutual effects of spinal neurons in distant spinal segments could explain the facilitation and such a time-course, and that a role in the development of prolonged pain could be envisaged.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002210050758
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  • 149
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The influence of stimulus temperature rise rate, adapting temperature, and stimulus duration on suprathreshold responses evoked by noxious heat in the glabrous skin of the limb Comparison of neuronal discharge in the rat spinal dorsal horn with human sensations (1999)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 126 (1999), S. 482-494 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Suprathreshold heat pain ; Adapting temperature ; Temporal parameters ; Spinal dorsal horn neuron ; Descending control ; Rat ; Human
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  The influence of stimulus temperature rise rate (2.5ºC/s, 5.0ºC/s, and 10.0ºC/s), adapting (baseline) temperature (25ºC, 30ºC, and 35ºC), and duration of peak stimulus temperature (1.0 s, 2.5 s, 5.0 s, and 10.0 s) on responses evoked by noxious heat stimuli of suprathreshold intensity was studied in wide dynamic range (WDR) neurons of the rat spinal dorsal horn. The spinal neuronal responses were compared with human psychophysical data obtained using the same stimuli. Noxious heat stimuli with a peak temperature of 54ºC were applied with a contact thermostimulator to the glabrous skin of the hindfoot in rats or to the palmar skin in humans. With the highest ramp rate and the highest adapting temperature, the sensory and spinal neuronal response latencies were decreased more than expected on the basis of the change in physical parameters of the stimulus. The magnitudes of sensory and spinal neuronal response were independent of the stimulus ramp rate, whereas pain magnitude estimates and spinal neuronal impulse counts evoked by the same peak stimulus temperature were increased with an increase in the adapting stimulus temperature. The onset latencies of pain reactions and spinal neuronal responses were independent of the peak stimulus duration, whereas the latency of the maximum discharge in spinal neurons increased with prolongation of the peak stimulus. The sensory magnitude estimate of pain and the neuronal impulse count were increased with increase in stimulus duration. Following spinalization, the spinal neuronal responses were stronger and the stimulus duration-dependent increase in the impulse count developed faster. Moreover, the peak frequency of spinal neuronal response increased significantly with prolongation of the heat stimuli after spinalization, but not in animals with an intact spinal cord. The results indicate that stimulus rise rate, stimulus duration, and the adapting temperature are important factors in determining the sensory and spinal neuronal responses to high-intensity heat stimuli. The changes in the total impulse counts evoked by varying supraliminal heat stimuli in spinal dorsal horn WDR neurons corresponded well with the changes in pain magnitude estimates in humans. Also, the changes in spinal neuronal response onset latencies were accompanied by corresponding changes in onset latencies of human pain reactions but not with pain magnitude estimates. The effect of spinalization indicated that descending pathways control not only the response magnitude in the spinal dorsal horn WDR neurons but also the temporal characteristics of the spinal neuronal response.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002210050756
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  • 150
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hepatic steatosis: a frequent non-specific finding in HIV-infected children (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 158 (1999), S. 971-974 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Schlagwort(e): Keywords Liver ; Steatosis ; HIV ; AIDS ; Children
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Thirty HIV-infected children were cross-sectionally examined for morphologic hepatic abnormalities, using ultrasonography or histology. Abdominal ultrasonography was performed in 27 children. The liver structure was normal in four patients, one of whom had moderate symptoms of the HIV infection and three of them severe symptoms. Abnormal liver structure, compatible with hepatic steatosis, was found in 23 (85%) patients. Five of them were in an early stage of the HIV infection (category N or A), three patients were ranked in category B and 15 patients in category C. Histological examination of the liver was performed in 11 children and steatosis was documented in ten (91%). In seven (70%) of these ten children steatosis had been suspected by ultrasonography. In conclusion, steatosis is common in HIV-infected children. It is non-specific and has no impact on disease, diagnostic evaluation or management. Conclusion Ultrasonography is a sensitive, accurate, non-invasive screening tool. It is more reliable than liver function tests.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310051260
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  • 151
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Parental attitude towards alternative medicine in the paediatric intensive care unit (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 158 (1999), S. 12-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Alternative medicine ; Complementary therapies ; Critical care ; Children
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The interest in alternative medicine (AM) is growing. In the USA and Canada, studies showed that 34% of adults and 11% of children use AM. In a prospective cohort study, we investigated the interest in AM among parents of critically ill children in the paediatric Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of a university hospital. From January 1996 to April 1997, we distributed questionnaires to the parents of critically ill children. These strictly anonymous questionnaires were completed at home and returned by mail. Exclusion criteria were short (〈1 day) or repeated hospitalizations, and insufficient proficiency of the German language. The inclusion criteria were fulfilled by 591 patients; 561 received the questionnaire (95%) and 289 (52%) were returned. Of the respondents, 70% would appreciate AM as a complementary therapy on the ICU, 23% found AM equally or more important than conventional medicine whereas only 7% regarded AM as unimportant. On the ICU, 18% used AM; surprisingly 41% of them did not discuss it with physicians or nurses. An additional 21% would have liked to use AM, but did not do so. Typically, AM-users administered AM also at home to their children and themselves. Their children were however, older. Conclusions A substantial proportion of parents used measures of alternative medicine in the intensive care unit, or would have like to do so. However, few had the confidence to discuss this wish with the medical personal. This suggests that alternative medicine is of great interest, even on an intensive care unit. Nevertheless, discussion about alternative medicine seems to be taboo in doctor-patient relations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310051001
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  • 152
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mild closed head injury in children compared to traumatic fractured bone; neurobehavioural sequelae in daily life 2 years after the accident (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 158 (1999), S. 249-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Mild head injury ; Fractured bone ; Late sequelae ; Children
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Two years after an accident resulting in either a mild head injury or a fractured bone, two groups of 22 children each, aged 4–14 years, were examined for the existence of any neurobehavioural symptoms by means of a standardized questionnaire filled out by their caretakers. Selection of the children was based on reports of the Accident and Emergency Department in 1 year. Significantly more symptoms were reported after mild head injury. The main symptoms reported were headache, dizziness, fatigue and memory problems. The total number of symptoms in the children with mild head injury exceeded four times this in the group of children with a fractured bone. Conclusion Even 2 years after a mild head injury there are still residual symptoms in daily life.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310051061
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  • 153
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Prothrombotic risk factors in childhood stroke and venous thrombosis (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 158 (1999), S. S117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Stroke ; Coagulation ; Children
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Many studies have shown a high percentage of venous thromboses in children to be associated with haematological disorders. However, studies assessing the influence of haemostaseological disorders on paediatric stroke are rare. We compared 26 children with cerebral infarction (median age 2 months, range 0–16.2 years) and 17 with venous thrombosis (median age 4.5 years, range 0–17 years) with regard to prothrombotic risk factors. Prothrombotic disorders were found in 8 out of 26 patients with cerebral infarction (FV Leiden mutation: n = 4; protein C deficiency: n = 1; FV Leiden mutation + protein C deficiency: n = 2; prothrombin mutation G20210A: n = 1) and in 13 out of 17 with venous thrombosis (FV Leiden mutation n = 3; protein C deficiency n = 5; elevated HRGP + PAI: n = 1; combined deficiency of AT, protein C and plasminogen: n = 1; F XII deficiency: n = 1; lupus anticoagulans n = 1; FV Leiden + F XII deficiency + lupus anticoagulans + PAI: n = 1). Comparison of these prevalences with those of 150 healthy paediatric controls showed in children with FV Leiden mutation and/or protein C deficiency an increased risk of cerebral infarction (patients vs. controls: 26.9% vs. 6%; OR 5.77; 95%-CI 1.92–17.3; P = 0.0031) as well as of venous thrombosis (53% vs. 5.3% 19.9; 95%-CI 6–65.6; P 〈 0.0001). This result is in contrast with reports on thrombophilia in cerebral infarction in adult patients. Conclusion Our results indicate that FV Leiden mutation and protein C deficiency may contribute to the multifactorial aetiology of stroke in early childhood.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00014333
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  • 154
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Risk factors for type I diabetes mellitus in children in Austria (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 158 (1999), S. 362-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Type 1 diabetes ; Children ; Risk factors ; Case control ; Environmental
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate environmental risk factors in the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus in a population-based case-control study. Parents of all patients with manifestation of type 1 diabetes between 1989 and 1994 in Vienna were asked to complete a questionnaire (n = 114). Control children (n = 495), matched for age and sex, were randomly recruited from all schools in Vienna. Fathers of diabetic children were significantly older at the time their children were born than fathers of control children (P = 0.015). Children with diabetes were more likely to be second- or third-born children (P 〈 0.05) and fewer went to kindergarten than the control group children (P = 0.007). No significant difference in duration of gestation, percentage of delivery by caesarean section, birth weight or length was found. Neonatal jaundice was more often observed in the patient group (P = 0.038). Breast feeding was reported by 82.7% of mothers of diabetic children and by 81% of mothers of control children, and the duration of breast feeding was longer in patients than in controls (n.s.). Conclusion In our study, the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus was associated with higher paternal age and neonatal jaundice. No correlation could be found with dietary intake of cow's milk products in early infancy, vaccination and other environmental factors.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310051092
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  • 155
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Thyroid antibodies in children of mothers with auto-immune thyroid disease (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 158 (1999), S. 24-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Hashimoto thyroiditis ; Graves disease ; Children ; TSH function-blocking antibody ; Cytotoxic antibody
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract In a cross-sectional study, 29 children aged between 1 month and 15.3 years (average age 6.8 years) born to mothers with Graves disease or Hashimoto thyroiditis were examined clinically, biochemically, and by sonography of the thyroid gland. At the time of examination all children were clinically euthyroid. Tests of thyroid peroxidase antibody, thyroglobulin antibody, TSH receptor antibody and free thyroxine (fT4) gave normal results. In 3 children subclinical hypothyroidism with elevated TSH and normal fT4 concentrations were found; one of these children had a minor decrease of total thyroxine. Three children with otherwise normal test results had marginally elevated tri-iodothyronine concentrations. Increased antibody titres were present in 8 out of 29 children. TSH function-blocking antibodies were elevated in 8 cases. In addition, cytotoxic antibodies were found in one of the children. The distribution pattern of antibodies was different in each child and unrelated to the type of maternal thyroid disease. Conclusion Children of mothers with auto-immune thyroid disease often have thyroid antibodies without signs of thyroid disease. Whether antibody-positive children have an increased risk of developing thyroid disorders later in life must be examined in a longitudinal study.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310051003
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  • 156
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Gastro-intestinal bleeding caused by leiomyoma of the small intestine in a child with neurofibromatosis (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 158 (1999), S. 460-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Gastro-intestinal bleeding ; Children ; Jejunal leiomyoma ; Neurofibromatosis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Gastro-intestinal bleeding is an uncommon presentation in children with neurofibromatosis. Gastro-intestinal involvement caused by jejunal leiomyoma has only been described in adults. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paediatric case of jejunal leiomyoma associated with neurofibromatosis. We present a 10-year-old girl with a 9-month history of anaemia and low gastro-intestinal bleeding. Abdominal sonography and small bowel series showed a submucosal mass in the proximal jejunum. On surgery, a submucosal tumour was excised and histological examination suggested a diagnosis of “smooth muscle tumour of undetermined malignant potential”. There were no recurrence of symptoms for 4 years after the operation. Conclusion Jejunal leiomyoma should be considered in a child with neurofibromatosis presenting with gastro-intestinal bleeding.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310051120
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  • 157
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Liver transplantation in mitochondrial respiratory chain disorders (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 158 (1999), S. S081 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Respiratory chain ; Mitochondria ; Children ; Infancy ; Liver failure ; AbbreviationsMRCD mitochondrial respiratory chain disease ; OLT orthotopic ; liver transplantation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Mitochondrial respiratory chain disease may lead to neonatal or late onset liver failure, requiring liver transplantation. In rare cases, the disease is restricted to the liver and the patient is cured after surgery. More frequently, other organs are simultaneously involved and neuromuscular or other extra-hepatic symptoms may pre-exist, or appear in the post-transplant follow up. Pre-transplant evaluation should aim to rule out neurological disease, which may be difficult to differentiate from signs accompanying liver insufficiency. Cerebrospinal fluid lactic acid levels, compared to blood lactate, may be suggestive of central nervous system involvement. Of 11 cases with respiratory chain disorders who had liver transplantation in various centres, 4 are alive and well on follow up, and 6 died, three of them having developed neurological disease post orthotopic liver transplantation. All three patients with initial liver and gastro-intestinal disease died early after transplantation, indicating that these may be poor candidates for this procedure. Conclusion Liver transplantation is feasible in hepatic respiratory chain disorders, but extra-hepatic disease should be ruled out before transplantation. Extra-hepatic manifestations may, however, appear and cause patient death despite successful transplantation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00014328
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  • 158
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Liver transplantation in α1-antitrypsin deficiency (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 158 (1999), S. S085 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Schlagwort(e): Key wordsα1-Antitrypsin ; Liver disease ; Liver transplantation ; Children ; AbbreviationsAATα1-antitrypsin deficiency ; OLT orthotopic liver transplantation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Only a minority of infants born with α1-antitrypsin deficiency will develop serious liver disease during childhood, mostly but not always after neonatal cholestasis. Early prognosis is difficult and all children have to be followed up carefully. The liver disease progresses with varying speed and it lacks specific features. At the time of liver transplantation the young patients have no pulmonary disease induced by the deficiency and in those with renal involvement, the kidney problems can mostly be dealt with by conservative therapy. The peri- and postoperative care of the patients who undergo liver transplantation does not differ from the usual routines.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00014329
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  • 159
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Isolated sphenoidal sinusitis in children (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 158 (1999), S. 298-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Isolated ; Sphenoid ; Sinusitis ; Children
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Acute isolated infectious sphenoiditis is an uncommon, potentially dangerous condition which is often misdiagnosed because of its nonspecific symptoms and paucity of clinical signs. We present eight children with isolated sphenoiditis who were managed in our medical centre during the last 2 years and review the literature. All the patients were adolescents or pre-adolescents and all experienced moderate to severe refractory oppressive headache. Four had a history of sinusitis or allergic rhinitis. None had fever or any other directing clinical sign. Diagnosis was made by cranial computer tomography. All were treated with antibiotics and recovered completely without infectious or neurological complications. Conclusion Acute isolated infectious sphenoiditis should be considered in adolescents and pre-adolescents who present with constant moderate to severe oppressive headache. Awareness of this entity will enable early diagnosis and initiation of antibiotic treatment which is essential to avoid complications and surgical intervention.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310051076
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  • 160
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in paediatric patients – a review of the literature and a new case treated with danaparoid sodium (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 158 (1999), S. S130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Heparin treatment ; Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia ; HIT antibodies ; Children ; Catheter patency
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The immunological form of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a potentially life-threatening adverse reaction of heparin medication. It is mediated by multimolecular complexes consisting of platelet factor 4 (PF4)-heparin-IgG which bind to platelets via platelet Fcγ receptors. Cross-linking of multiple Fcγ receptors results in platelet activation, platelet aggregation and enhanced thrombin generation with a increasing risk of developing new thrombosis. In children, data on HIT are sparse. This review of the literature reports on 8 children aged 3 months to 15 years and 14 newborns suffering from HIT. Additionally, we report one new case treated with danaparoid sodium. Thrombotic complications were venous (n = 12) and arterial (n = 15). The children received heparin either for a spontaneous thrombotic event, for severe cardiac diseases or to maintain patency of intravascular catheters which are used for nutrition, blood sampling, and for application of medication. After diagnosis of HIT they were further anticoagulated with aspirin, warfarin, danaparoid sodium, lepirudin or low molecular weight heparin. Conclusion Although HIT is less frequently reported in newborns and children, paediatricians should be aware of HIT in childhood as a potential complication of heparin application. The widespread practice of flushing catheters with heparin should also be debated in view of the risk of triggering the primary immune-response of HIT. In 1999, treatment options for further parenteral anticoagulation of HIT patients are danaparoid sodium (a low-molecular weight heparinoid) and lepirudin (a direct thrombin inhibitor).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00014338
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  • 161
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Clinical importance of prothrombotic risk factors in pediatric patients with malignancy – impact of central venous lines (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 158 (1999), S. S147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Factor V G1691A ; Prothrombin G20210A ; Lipoprotein (a) ; Central venous lines ; Children
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract To evaluate the role of inherited thrombophilia in the development of central venous line (CVL)-related thrombosis, the following parameters were determined in 77 pediatric-oncologic patients with CVL: activated protein C (APC)-ratio, factor V (FV) G1691A and prothrombin G20210A mutation, protein C, protein S, antithrombin, coagulation factor XII, lipoprotein (a) and homocysteine. An inherited prothrombotic risk factor was found in 17 patients (23%). Four out of 14 patients with a single defect (hyperlipoproteinemia, heterozygous FV G1691A and prothrombin G20210A mutation, protein C deficiency type I) and all three patients with combined defects (heterozygous FV G1691A mutation combined with heterozygous prothrombin G20210A variant, protein S deficiency or hyperlipoproteinemia) suffered from CVL-related thrombosis. In 11 out of 77 patients (14%) a CVL-related thrombosis was detected. In 2 children thrombosis occurred a few days after asparaginase therapy and in another three thrombosis was associated with CVL-related septicemia caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis. After removal of CVL, thrombosis was detected in 5 children, in 2 without clinical symptoms but in the presence of inherited prothrombotic risk factors. Conclusion The present study demonstrates the clinical importance of CVL in combination with inherited thrombophilia in the development of thrombosis in pediatric-oncologic patients. Before or shortly after insertion of CVL, patients should be tested for the presence of factor V G1691A mutation, prothrombin G20210A variant and increased lipoprotein (a) values.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00014342
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  • 162
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Erdheim-Chester disease: a case report and literature overview (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 153-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Erdheim-Chester disease ; Langerhans' cell granulomatosis ; MRI ; Histiocytosis X ; Lipogranulomatosis ; Eburnated vertebra
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. Erdheim-Chester (EC) disease belongs to the group of lipoid granulomatosis. Symmetric sclerosis of the meta- and diaphysis of long tubular bones are pathognomonic radiologic changes. Additionally, other skeletal segments can be affected. Extraskeletal manifestations can occur in almost all organs; lungs, pericardium, retroperitoneum, skin, and orbita play particularly important roles. The last case of 38 cases of Erdheim-Chester disease with an extraordinary mediastinal and perirenal involvement is described. For the second time following the initial description by Chester, an axial skeletal pattern of eburnated vertebra is shown.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050647
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  • 163
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    CT and MRI of the male genital tract: radiologic–pathologic correlation (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 16-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: CT ; MRI ; prostate ; testis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. Technical advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), notably in high-resolution MRI, have opened up new diagnostic applications in male pelvic pathology. A major indication is the preoperative staging of prostate cancer, where MRI is more reliable than other imaging modalities in differentiating between localized and advanced disease. In monitoring local recurrence after radical prostatectomy MRI is also valuable in differentiating scar tissue from new growth. In benign prostate disease, MRI effectively displays the congenital cysts that may be associated with infertility. Other disease, however – notably benign prostatic hyperplasia – is generally an incidental finding. Ultrasound remains the imaging modality of choice for evaluation of pathologies of the penis, testis and scrotum, e. g. in differentiating malignant from benign scrotal masses or in diagnosing acute scrotum due to testicular torsion or rupture. In isolated cases, MRI is also a valuable diagnostic aid in conditions of these organs, e. g. in the preoperative localization of ectopic testes in cryptorchidism or if US findings are equivocal.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050621
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  • 164
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    MRI findings of muscle involvement in idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 525-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Hypereosinophilic syndrome ; Polymyositis ; MRI
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. A 40-year-old white man presented with fever, muscle pain, skin nodules and persistent hypereosinophilia over a period of 1 year. In addition, he had ventricular arrhythmias with episodes of tachycardia. Besides a lack of response to antiparasitic therapy, laboratory and pathological data excluded the diagnosis of trichinosis or any other parasitic infection. The patient's course of the disease over the previous 11/2 years was compatible with hypereosinophilic syndrome. In a muscle biopsy several eosinophilic perivascular and leucocytic intravascular infiltrates were found, indicative of muscle involvement by the disease. This is a report on the MRI findings of muscle involvement in idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050704
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  • 165
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Injuries of the lateral collateral ligaments of the ankle: assessment with MR imaging (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 519-524 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Ankle ; Ankle sprain ; Lateral collateral ligaments ; MRI
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of MRI to display injuries of the lateral collateral ligamentous complex in patients with an acute ankle distorsion trauma. The MR examinations of 36 patients with ankle pain after ankle distorsion were evaluated retrospectively without knowledge of clinical history, outcome and/or operative findings. The examinations were performed on a 1.5-T whole-body imager using a flexible surface coil. The signs for ligamentous abnormality were as follows: complete or partial discontinuity, increased signal within, and irregularity and waviness of the ligament. The results were compared with operative findings in 18 patients with subsequent surgical repair. Eighteen patients with conservative therapy had a follow-up MR examination after 3 months. There was 1 sprain, 3 partial and 32 complete tears of the anterior talofibular ligament, and 5 sprains, 5 partial, and 7 complete tears of the calcaneofibular ligament. There were no lesions of the posterior talofibular ligament. Compared with surgery, MRI demonstrated in 18 of 18 cases the exact extent of anterior talofibular ligament injuries and underestimated the extent in 2 of 8 cases of calcaneofibular ligament injury. In patients with follow-up MRI after conservative therapy, a thickened band-like structure was found along the course of the injured ligament in 17 of 18 cases. The absence of ligament repair after conservative treatment was confirmed during operative revision in one case. The MRI technique allows for grading of the extent of injury of the lateral collateral ligamentous complex after acute ankle strain. It seems to be suitable for monitoring the healing process after conservative-functional treatment of ligament tears.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050703
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  • 166
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    MR imaging of a case of adenomatoid tumor of the adrenal gland (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 552-554 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Adenomatoid tumor ; Adrenal gland ; MRI
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. The aim of this case report is to describe the appearance on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of an incidentally found adenomatoid tumor of the adrenal gland, and to evaluate the utility of MRI in characterizing this type of tumor. The appearance of the tumor was nonspecific on T1-weighted in-phase, opposed-phase, and T2-weighted images, as well as its behavior after paramagnetic contrast administration, outlining the differential diagnosis among carcinoma, metastatic tumors, and pheochromocytoma. After surgery, the pathologic diagnosis was adenomatoid benign tumor of mesothelial origin. Although MRI enables the characterization of most benign lesions of the adrenal gland, the appearance of other lesions is nonspecific. In our case, MRI did not assist in preoperative diagnosis, guiding us towards a diagnosis of malignancy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050708
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  • 167
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bilateral optic neuritis in a child diagnosed with Gd-enhanced MR imaging using fat-suppression technique (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 731-733 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Optic nerves ; Neuritis ; Children ; Central nervous system ; MR imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. A 4-year-old boy developed bilateral optic neuritis. Although precise neuro-ophthalmological evaluation was difficult, the diagnosis was made with gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging using fat-suppression technique in the initial stage of the disease. Enhancement and enlargement of the intraorbital and intracanalicular optic nerve were demonstrated bilaterally as well as protrusion of the optic nerve head. The disease responded dramatically to intravenous steroid therapy. The etiologies in children usually differ from those in adolescent and adult patients.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050744
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  • 168
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The parafascicular nucleus and two-way active avoidance: effects of electrical stimulation and electrode implantation (1999)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 129 (1999), S. 605-614 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Learning and memory ; Electrical stimulation ; Parafascicular thalamic nucleus ; Two-way active avoidance ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  To evaluate whether electrical stimulation of the parafascicular nucleus (PF) can improve short-term (24 h) and/or long-term (21 days) retention of two-way active avoidance, rats were implanted with an electrode at this nucleus (experimental groups) or above it (control groups). After a single 30-trial acquisition session, experimental groups were submitted to a 10-min session of electrical stimulation. Results showed that the simple implantation of an electrode at the posterior PF enhanced by itself the acquisition of two-way active avoidance, in such a way that the subsequent stimulation of this region may have been unable to further improve the performance of the rats. On the other hand, parafascicular stimulation improved the 24-h retention of the task in a site-specific way, since this effect was mainly seen after stimulation of the central PF region. The facilitative effect on 24-h retention could also depend on the level of performance achieved during the acquisition session, because this improvement was only evidenced in poorly learning animals. No effects were found on 21-day retention. The present results confirm the involvement of the PF in learning and memory and the functional heterogeneity of this nucleus.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002210050930
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  • 169
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A photothrombotic ring stroke model in rats with sustained hypoperfusion followed by late spontaneous reperfusion in the region at risk (1999)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 125 (1999), S. 163-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Focal cerebral ischemia ; Photothrombosis ; Reperfusion ; Spontaneous recanalization ; Cerebral blood flow ; Edema ; Penumbra ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  In clinical thromboembolic stroke, spontaneous late recanalization is a common feature, but one which has been very sparsely studied experimentally. This study aimed at enabling the study of spontaneous reperfusion and exploring its consequences by modifying a recently developed photothrombotic-stroke model that focuses on the region-at-risk located within an ischemic ring-locus. The exposed crania of male Wistar rats (280–340 g) were subjected to a ring-shaped (5.0 mm outer diameter and 0.35 mm thick) laser-irradiation beam (514.5 nm; 0.89 W/cm2) for 2 min simultaneously with intravenous erythrosin B (17 mg/kg) infusion for 30 s. Transcardial carbon-black perfusion experiments revealed a ring-shaped cortical perfusion deficit at 4 h post-irradiation, which progressively increased at 10, 24, and 48 h, at which time the whole region-at-risk was pale with single distal branches of the middle cerebral artery being extensively narrowed, but not occluded. At 72 h, spontaneous reperfusion was observed in the region-at risk, which was even more pronounced at 7 and 28 days. Cortical cerebral blood flow (cCBF), measured by laser-Doppler flowmetry, was distinctly reduced at 2 min post-irradiation and further decreased slightly during 4 h of recording to ca. 24% of baseline values at the ring locus and 40% in the region-at-risk. In the region-at-risk, cCBF flow values were 23–30% of the baseline at 24–48 h post-irradiation, followed by a relative cCBF increase to 71 and 77% at 72 and 96 h post-irradiation. Brain water content in the ischemic part of the cortex increased steadily from 4 to 48 h post-irradiation; at 72 h, it leveled off and returned to control values at 7 days. In conclusion, by employing a laser beam in the shape of a thin ring, critically sustained cCBF reduction was followed by late, consistent spontaneous reperfusion in the region-at-risk in this novel photochemically induced stroke-in-evolution model.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002210050671
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  • 170
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Developmental changes in prehension during childhood (1999)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 125 (1999), S. 239-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Precision grip ; Motor development ; Motor control ; Children ; Object manipulation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  Recent evidence has shown that the anticipatory control of grip and load force is not innate and develops over several years in childhood. The present study examined the development of grasping behavior by quantifying the relationship between grip force and the vertical acceleration of an object. Children and adults were requested to use a precision grip to lift an instrumented object which varied in size and weight. Grip force, grip force rate and the vertical position and acceleration profiles of the test object were measured or calculated. The results demonstrated the presence of distinct developmental milestones in the maturation of precision grip from 2 to 9 years of age. With 2-year-old children, the peak acceleration was negatively correlated (r=–0.51, n=34, P〈0.01) with peak grip force during lifting. By 3 years of age, peak acceleration and peak grip force during lifting became positively correlated (r=0.28, n=104, P〈0.01) and the correlation continued to strengthen up to 9 years of age. Variations in the temporal coupling of both peak grip force and peak acceleration also decreased with maturation. Furthermore, starting at 4-years-old, children clearly controlled the acceleration and deceleration of the object in a symmetrical pattern and used a single burst of grip force rate to grasp the object with some regularity, suggesting that the emergence of an anticipatory control strategy had already begun.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002210050679
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  • 171
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Correlation of MR images of disc injuries with anatomic sections in experimental thoracolumbar spine fractures (1999)
    Springer
    European spine journal 8 (1999), S. 194-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Spine fractures ; Trauma ; MRI ; Intervertebral disc ; Cadaver study
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract This cadaver study evaluated the value of MR images for detection of acute intervertebral disc damage associated with fractures of the thoracolumbar spine. Damage to the intervertebral disc may be a major contributor to chronic instability in non-operative treatment or failure of fixation and recurrence of deformity in posterior fixation methods. MR imaging can help us to understand the injury patterns and their prognostic significance. However, before we can justify the use of MRI in clinical cases, determination of MRI’s ability to detect acute injury to the disc is necessary. Ten fresh cadaver specimens were used for this study. After obtaining radiograms and MR images, injuries were created with a weight-dropping apparatus using a variety of weights and compression angles. Post-injury radiograms and MR images were taken and the specimens were frozen at –20 °C. Slides of these specimens obtained with cryosection techniques were compared with MR images for evaluation of the damage to different parts of the discs. A total of 20 fractures were observed on cryosections. In 12 of the discs adjacent to fractured vertebral bodies, macroscopic damage was seen on the sections. These were all detected on the corresponding MR images. The study showed that MRI is able to detect acute, macroscopic injury to the intervertebral disc. It is therefore justified to use MR for the study of acute disc damage associated with thoracolumbar fractures.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005860050156
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  • 172
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Low back pain in a population of school children (1999)
    Springer
    European spine journal 8 (1999), S. 439-443 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Low back pain ; Children ; Clinical examination ; Questionnaire ; Prevalence
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract A study was undertaken to analyse the prevalence of low back pain (LBP) and confounding factors in primary school children in the city of Antwerp. A total of 392 children aged 9 were included in the study. All children completed a validated three-page questionnaire and they all underwent a specific lumbar spine oriented medical examination during their annual routine medical school control. This examination was performed by the city school doctors. The questionnaire was composed of easy “yes/no” questions and visual analogue scales. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t-test and chi-squared test at the significance level P 〈 0.05. The prevalence of LBP was high. No gender difference was found. A total of 142 children (36%) reported having suffered at least one episode of LBP in their lives. Of these, 33 (23%) had sought medical help for LBP from a doctor or physiotherapist. Sixty-four percent of children reporting LBP said that at least one of their parents suffered from or complained of LBP. This was significantly higher than for the children who did not report having suffered LBP. The way in which the school satchel was carried (in the hand, on the back) had no bearing on the incidence of LBP. There was significantly more LBP in children who reported playing video games for more than 2 h per day, but this was not so for television watchers. The visual analogue scales concerning general well-being were all very significantly correlated with self-reported LBP, with children who reported LBP being more tired, less happy, and worse sleepers. Of the 19 clinical parameters taken down during the medical examination, only one was significantly more prevalent in the group of children reporting LBP: pain on palpation at the insertion site on the iliac crest of the ilio-lumbar ligament. From this study we can establish that there are few clinical signs that can help to single out school children with LBP.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005860050202
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  • 173
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Lumbosacral extradural arachnoid cysts: diagnostic and indication for surgery (1999)
    Springer
    European spine journal 8 (1999), S. 218-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Lumbosacral extradural arachnoid cyst ; Low back pain ; MRI ; Cerebrospinal fluid flow
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract No critical discussion of the indication for the surgical treatment of lumbosacral extradural arachnoid cysts is found in the literature. Therefore, we want to compare the results in patients with operative and conservative treatment to define standards for a good surgical result. Over a period of 9 years, we operated on eight patients with a lumbosacral extradural arachnoid cyst and treated eight others conservatively. Only three of the operated patients experienced a postoperative relief of pain, but none was symptom free. The only one with continuing success had a preoperative history of 1 year only. MRI scans without contrast agent were misinterpreted in one included and one excluded case. The results of conservative treatment were nearly the same as those of operative treatment. MRI is the best diagnostic tool, but a variety of sequences must be used. Patients with a short pain history and a clear neurological deficit profited most from surgery. Patients with slight and not clearly related uncharacteristic symptoms should be excluded from surgery.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005860050161
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  • 174
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Why the back of the child? (1999)
    Springer
    European spine journal 8 (1999), S. 426-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Low back pain ; Growth phase ; Discal degeneration ; Epidemiology ; MRI ; Histology
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract An international congress about “the back of children and teenagers and the prevention of backache” was held in March 1999 in Grenoble (France). Beside specific low back pain following progressive and growth diseases, special attention was paid to non-specific low back pain (LBP). Some epidemiological data show a high incidence of LBP during and after the rapid growth phase, with the concomitant possibility of continued or recurrent evolution. MRI studies reveal frequent signs of disc degeneration: they start after the growth phase, spread during adolescence and are often correlated with backache. An immunohistological study seems to confirm the presence of degenerative-type alterations and changes in collagen in the vertebral plates and nucleus of juvenile spine. These data must be confirmed, and their relation to natural history and prognosis of juvenile LBP have to be clarified by longitudinal studies.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005860050200
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  • 175
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Prolonged low-back pain in young athletes: a prospective case series study of findings and prognosis (1999)
    Springer
    European spine journal 8 (1999), S. 480-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Bone scan ; Growth ; Intervertebral disk ; MRI ; Spondylolysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We investigated the prognosis of low-back pain and the association of clinical symptoms and anatomic findings among young athletes. Consecutive patients, aged between 12 and 18 years, who had low-back pain that had interfered with their training for at least 4 weeks were included in the case series. All the patients participated in a standardized interview and clinical examination, and plain radiographs and magnetic resonance images were also obtained. Most patients also participated in technetium bone scan examination. In 15 out of 19 subjects there were anatomic abnormalities that corresponded with the location and type of clinical symptoms. Twelve subjects had changes in the disk-vertebral end plate complex and eight had a positive bone scan indicative of posterior vertebral arch stress reaction. Six out of eight boys and two out of 11 girls had stress reaction (P = 0.043). Restriction of painful activities was recommended to all subjects, restriction of activities and the use of a dynamic low-back brace for the first 3 months was recommended to patients with posterior vertebral arch stress reaction. The self-reported intensity of low-back pain (scale 0–100) among all the patients was 69 ± 16 (mean ± SD) at baseline and 18 ± 21 at the 1-year follow-up (P 〈 0.0001). In conclusion, the reasons for prolonged back pain among young athletes are usually established by imaging studies. A knowledge of anatomic abnormalities may help in tailoring training programmes and avoiding the progression of changes during growth. Simple restriction of painful activities usually leads to good recovery.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005860050209
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  • 176
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The value of MR imaging in differentiating between hard and soft cervical disc disease: a comparison with intraoperative findings (1999)
    Springer
    European spine journal 8 (1999), S. 199-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Cervical disc disease ; MRI
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The aim of this study is to assess the accuracy of MRI alone in the differentiation of soft cervical disc protrusion from osteophytic compression in cervical disc disease. In a retrospective study, the MRI scans of 41 patients with cervical disc disease, who had previously undergone surgery, were presented to three independent observers, randomly on two different occasions, to identify the accuracy of the diagnosis of the presence of hard or soft disc or both as a cause of compression. The observers (two neurosurgeons and one neuroradiologist) were not involved with the treatment of the cases at any stage and were unaware of the surgical findings. Their observations were compared with those of the surgeon recorded at operation. The intra-observer agreement was poor for diagnosis into three categories as hard or soft disc or both. In distinguishing between the presence or absence of hard disc, there was moderate to good (Kappa = 0.6) intra observer and fair to moderate (Kappa = 0.4) interobserver agreement. The sensitivity of diagnosis of a hard disc was high (87%) but specificity was low (44%), due to the overestimation of the presence of hard disc. There was a significantly higher incidence of hard disc in the elderly age group (76% over the fifth decade, P = 0.0073). It is concluded that MRI alone is not a very efficient diagnostic tool in distinguishing between hard and soft disc in the cervical disc disease.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005860050157
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  • 177
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cervical synovial cysts: case report and review of the literature (1999)
    Springer
    European spine journal 8 (1999), S. 232-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Synovial cyst ; CT ; MRI ; Surgical treatment
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The authors describe the case of a 58-year-old man with a 6-month history of severe myelopathy. CT scan and MRI of the spine revealed a cystic formation, measuring about 1 cm in diameter, at C7-T1 at a right posterolateral site at the level of the articular facet. At operation the mass appeared to originate from the ligamentum flavum at the level of the articular facet and was in contact with the dura mater. Once the mass had been removed, there was a significant amelioration of the patient’s symptoms. As previously suspected, histological aspect was synovial cyst. Cervical synovial cysts are extremely rare and, as far as we know, only 22 cases have so far been described in the literature. Diagnostic radiological investigations used were CT scan and MRI. At CT scan the most important diagnostic findings are a posterolateral juxtafacet location of the mass, egg-shell calcifications on the wall of the cyst, and air inside the cyst. At MRI the contents of the cyst are iso/hypointense on T1- and hyperintense on T2-weighted images. There may also be a hypointense rim on T2-weighted images, which enhances after i.v. administration of gadolinium. Surgical treatment consists of removal of the mass. Fixation of the vertebral segments involved is not always necessary.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005860050164
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  • 178
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Recurrent pain after lumbar discectomy: the diagnostic value of peridural scar on MRI (1999)
    Springer
    European spine journal 8 (1999), S. 475-479 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Lumbar discectomy ; MRI ; Peridural scar ; Failed back ; syndrome ; Diagnostic injections
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The association between peridural scarring and recurrent pain after lumbar discectomy is much debated. A recently published study found that patients with extensive peridural fibrosis were 3.2 times more likely to experience recurrent radicular pain than those with less extensive scarring. This finding may lead to an overestimation of peridural fibrosis in clinical practice. In a retrospective study we analyzed the records of 53 patients who underwent a lumbar MRI because of recurrent pain after first unilateral microdiscectomy. Patients were classified as those with radicular or non-radicular pain according to history and clinical findings. The diagnosis was confirmed by spinal anesthetic block. The extension of scarring was compared between the two groups of patients. The amount of epidural fibrosis was examined on contrast-enhanced MRI in axial slices subdivided into four quadrants. The amount of fibrosis was divided into four stages in each affected quadrant. We found no differences regarding the amount of peridural fibrosis between patients with radicular pain and patients with non-radicular pain. We conclude that the extent of peridural scarring as defined by MRI is of minor value in the differential diagnosis of recurrent back and leg pain after lumbar microdiscectomy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005860050208
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  • 179
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An EGP-2/Ep-CAM-expressing transgenic rat model to evaluate antibody-mediated immunotherapy (1999)
    Springer
    Cancer immunology immunotherapy 48 (1999), S. 303-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Transgenic ; Rat ; EGP-2 ; GA733-2 ; Immunotherapy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The human pancarcinoma-associated epithelial glycoprotein-2 (EGP-2), also known as 17-1A or Ep-CAM, is a 38-kDa transmembrane antigen, commonly used for targeted immunotherapy of carcinomas. Although strongly expressed by most carcinomas, EGP-2 is also expressed in most simple epithelia. To evaluate treatment-associated effects and side-effects on tumor and normal tissue respectively, we generated an EGP-2-expressing transgenic Wistar rat. To express the cDNA of the EGP-2 in an epithelium-specific manner, the 5′ and 3′ distal flanking regions of the human keratin 18 (K18) gene were used. EGP-2 protein expression was observed in the liver and pancreas, whereas EGP-2 mRNA could also be detected in lung, intestine, stomach and kidney tissues. In this rat, EGP-2-positive tumors can be induced by injecting a rat-derived carcinoma cell line transfected with the GA733-2 cDNA encoding EGP-2. Transgenic rats were used to study specific in vivo localization of an i.v. anti-EGP-2 monoclonal antibody, MOC31, applied i.v. Immunohistochemical analyses showed the specific localization of MOC31 in s.c. induced EGP-2-positive tumors, as well as in the liver. In contrast, in EGP-2-transgenic rats, MOC31 did not bind to EGP-2-negative tumors, the pancreas, or other normal tissues in vivo. In conclusion, an EGP-2-transgenic rat model has been generated that serves as a model to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a variety of anti-EGP-2-based immunotherapeutic modalities.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002620050579
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  • 180
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Modifications in the metabolic pathways of benzene in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat (1999)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 73 (1999), S. 301-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Benzene ; Benzene metabolites ; Diabetes ; Cytochrome P-450 ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Benzene is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant primarily metabolized by a cytochrome P-450 (CYP-450) isoenzyme, CYP-450 IIE1. A consistent induction of CYP450 IIE1 has been observed in both rat and human affected by diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes determines modifications in the metabolic pathways of benzene in rat. Benzene (100 mg/kg per day, dissolved in corn oil) was administered i.p. once a day for 5 days. Urine samples were collected every day in STZ-treated and normoglycaemic animals, treated and untreated with benzene (n = 10). Urinary levels of trans,trans-muconic acid and of phenol, catechol and hydroquinone (free and conjugated with sulphuryl and glucuronic group) were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In normoglycaemic rats during the 5 days of treatment with benzene we observed a progressive and significant decrement in the urinary excretion of phenol, phenyl sulphate and glucuronide, catechol, catechol glucuronide, hydroquinone, hydroquinone glucuronide and t,t-muconic acid (P 〈 0.05). In the diabetic animals, conversely, the same metabolites showed progressively increasing urinary levels (P 〈 0.05). Catechol sulphate and hydroquinone sulphate levels were below the instrument's detection limit. In the comparison between diabetic and normoglycaemic benzene treated rats, the inter-group difference was significant (P 〈 0.05) from day 3 of treatment for t,t-muconic acid, and from day 1 for free and conjugated phenol, free and glucuronide catechol and free hydroquinone. In the normoglycaemic rat exposed to benzene the decreasing trend observed in urinary excretion of free and conjugated metabolites may be due to their capability to reduce cytochromial activity. Conversely, in the diabetic rat, urinary levels of benzene metabolites tended to increase progressively, probably due to the consistent induction of CYP-450 IIE1 observed in diabetes, which would overwhelm the inhibition of this isoenzyme caused by phenolic metabolites. Furthermore, the metabolic switch towards detoxification metabolites observed after administration of high doses of benzene is not allowed in the diabetic because of reduced glutathione-S-transferase activity. As a consequence, higher levels of hydroquinone, phenol and catechol, considered the actual metabolites responsibles for benzene toxicity, will accumulate in the diabetic rat. Extrapolating these data to human, we may thus suggest that occupational exposure to benzene of a diabetic subject poses a higher risk level, as his metabolism tends to produce and accumulate higher levels of reactive benzene catabolites.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002040050622
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  • 181
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Unilaterales laterothorakales Exanthem im Kindesalter Klinische Besonderheiten und diagnostische Kriterien bei 5 Patienten (1999)
    Springer
    Der Hautarzt 50 (1999), S. 39-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1173
    Schlagwort(e): Schlüsselwörter Kinderdermatologie ; Exanthem ; Kinder ; Key words Pediatric dermatology ; Exanthema ; Children
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary Unilateral laterothoracic exanthem a (ULE) is a self-limited, probably infectious-allergic skin disease predominately affecting small children. We describe five such cases. The typical unilaterally located or at least unilaterally dominant exanthem usually starts in the axillary region and is characterized by red, partly confluent papules and fine scales. Two of the children presented with atypical manifestations of ULE. Due to its asymptomatic course, therapy is not necessary in the majority of cases.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung 5 Kinder mit der Diagnose eines unilateralen laterothorakalen Exanthems (ULE) werden vorgestellt. Beim ULE handelt es sich um eine selbstlimitierende, vermutlich infektallergische Hauterkrankung, die hauptsächlich im Kleinkindesalter auftritt. Das typischerweise streng einseitig lokalisierte, immer jedoch einseitig dominierende Exanthem geht meist von der Axillarregion aus und zeigt erythematöse, teils konfluierende Papeln. Zwei der fünf Kinder zeigten auch atypische Hautveränderungen eines ULE. Eine Behandlung ist aufgrund seines überwiegend asymptomatischen Verlaufs in der Mehrzahl der Fälle nicht notwendig.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001050050862
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  • 182
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chemotherapy for intracranial ependymomas (1999)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 15 (1999), S. 563-570 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Ependymoma ; Children ; Chemotherapy ; Phase II
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  Chemotherapy has been used extensively in the management of children with intracranial ependymoma. In this review, we discuss the results of phase II studies and clinical trials conducted in newly diagnosed and recurrent ependymomas. There is little evidence that chemotherapy is effective in this tumour. The response rate to single agents is 11%, with less than 5% complete responses, cisplatin being the most active agent in phase II studies. Combinations may be more effective, although the response rate with high-dose regimens is disappointing. Early results of protocols conducted in infants and young children do not suggest that chemotherapy is beneficial. A more rigorous assessment of chemotherapy is required in order to define its role in patients with intracranial ependymomas. Indeed, it is difficult to justify the use of chemotherapy outside such studies. More large studies, perhaps intergroup, limited to children with ependymomas would be of particular value.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003810050544
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  • 183
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Neurosurgical management of brain abscesses in children (1999)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 15 (1999), S. 309-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Brain abscess ; CT scan ; MRI ; Cyanotic congenital heart disease ; AIDS ; Stereotactic puncture aspiration
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  The authors review the management of brain abscesses (BAbs) in 59 pediatric cases. The major surgical procedure used to treat them was repeated puncture and aspiration (51 cases, or 86.44%), excision (8 cases – 13.56%) being of secondary importance. The main etiology was metastatic lesions (24 cases – 40.68%), those due to cyanotic congenital heart disease being the most frequent. Single lesions dominated (41 cases – 69.49%). Gram-positive cocci were the main bacteria involved (31 cases, 52.5%). CT scan represented the main tool in the diagnosis and follow-up. Puncture and aspiration in BAbs led to a significant decrease in mortality (7 cases – 11.86%), and the incidence of seizures and neurological deficits was also reduced. Mortality was significantly correlated with the following factors: consciousness status, multiple BAbs location and hematogenous dissemination. There were recurrences in 11 cases (18.64%), all observed after aspiration procedures. The current concepts for complex management of BAbs, as reflected in recent literature data, are reviewed, with particular emphasis on the use of real-time CT or ultrasound-guided operative techniques.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003810050400
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  • 184
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ethical issues in managed and rationed care for children with severe neurological disabilities: a questionnaire survey (1999)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 15 (1999), S. 342-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Severe neurological disabilities ; Managed and rationed care ; Children ; Questionnaire survey ; Pediatric neurosurgeons
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  The attitudes of pediatric neurosurgeons to managed and rationed care for children with severe neurological disabilities were surveyed as reflected in responses from International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery (ISPN) members to a questionnaire. Of 399 ISPN members, 156 (39.1%) responded to the questionnaire. There were 15 questions, which were designed to explore what care is medically indicated, whether all medically indicated care should always be provided, and how this care should be managed or rationed. Most respondents agreed that these patients should receive the same level of medical care as a normally developing child. However, respondents felt that cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is not indicated if a child is not retrievable. Most respondents also felt that provision of care should be influenced by cost. The responses to the questions from ISPN members were compared with those from Child Neurology Society (CNS) members.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003810050408
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  • 185
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Parosteal osteosarcoma of a metatarsal with intramedullary invasion (1999)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 28 (1999), S. 111-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Bone neoplasms ; Osteosarcoma ; Parosteal osteosarcoma ; Metatarsal ; MRI
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  A 70-year-old man presented with increasing swelling of 2 years’ duration, on the dorsal aspect of the forefoot. Imaging studies revealed a heavily calcified surface lesion of bone with early invasion of the underlying second metatarsal. Both imaging findings and the subsequent resection histology were consistent with a parosteal osteosarcoma, which is particularly rare at this site and at this age. The differential diagnosis of a mineralizing surface lesion of bone arising in the foot is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050485
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  • 186
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    MRI findings in intramuscular lipomas (1999)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 28 (1999), S. 145-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Intramuscular lipoma ; Liposarcoma ; Malignant soft tissue tumors ; MRI
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  Objective. To investigate the spectrum of magnetic resonance (MR) findings of intramuscular lipoma. Design and patients. A retrospective review of 17 consecutive cases of intramuscular lipoma examined with MR imaging was undertaken. Features assessed included the size and margin of the mass; the homogeneity of the contents, including the presence or absence of intermingled muscle fibers; whether the mass was uninodular or multinodular; and the presence of linear structures between and within the tumor nodules. Three well-differentiated liposarcomas and one dedifferentiated liposarcoma associated with lipoma-like components were also studied to allow a comparison of the benign and malignant lesions. Results. The diameter of the intramuscular lipomas varied from less than 3 cm to more than 10 cm. Ten of the intramuscular lipomas were homogeneous but the remaining seven were inhomogeneous with intermingled muscle fibers within the mass. The intramuscular lipomas were well defined in 12 cases, and infiltrative in five. In one case the margin of the lesion showed prominent infiltration of the surrounding muscle tissue. Of the 17 cases of intramuscular lipoma, 15 were composed of a single nodule, whereas three of four cases of liposarcoma were composed of multinodular masses. Conclusion. The MR findings of intramuscular lipoma varied from a small, single and homogeneous mass identical to ordinary (superficial) lipoma, to a large, inhomogeneous lesion with an infiltrative margin. The presence of infiltrative margins and intermingled muscle fibers in intramuscular lipoma indicates a benign lesion rather than malignancy. In addition, uninodularity of the mass is helpful in differentiating intramuscular lipoma from well-differentiated liposarcoma.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050491
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  • 187
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Vertebral involvement in SAPHO syndrome: MRI findings (1999)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 28 (1999), S. 163-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Schlagwort(e): Key words SAPHO syndrome ; Spine ; MRI ; Spondyloarthropathy ; Pustulosis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  We report on the MRI findings in the vertebrae and surrounding soft tissues in two patients with the SAPHO syndrome (Synovitis, Acne, Pustulosis, Hyperostosis, Osteitis). The MRI findings include abnormal bone marrow signal, either focal or diffuse, of the vertebral bodies and posterior elements; hyperintense paravertebral soft tissue swelling and abnormal signal of the intervertebral discs. These changes are consistent with discitis and osteitis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050494
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  • 188
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Tumors of peripheral nerves: correlation of symptoms, clinical signs, imaging features, and histologic diagnosis (1999)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 28 (1999), S. 183-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor ; Schwannoma ; Neurofibroma ; CT ; MRI
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  Objective. To distinguish between benign and malignant tumors in the peripheral nerves. Design and patients. The clinical, imaging and histologic findings of 99 benign and 16 malignant tumors in the peripheral nerves were reviewed retrospectively. Results. Preoperative motor weakness was observed in only six of 99 benign tumors and was mild, while slight to severe motor weakness was present in 15 of 16 malignant lesions. Pain at rest was present in five of 99 benign tumors and in 15 of 16 malignant tumors. All benign lesions showed a smooth tumoral margin, while half the malignant lesions showed an invasive margin on CT or MRI. Thirteen of 28 benign lesions on CT and nine of 23 on MRI showed round to geographic central enhancement, but this pattern was not seen in malignant lesions. Conclusion. Absence of severe motor weakness and a central enhancement pattern strongly suggest a benign nature, while severe rest pain and invasive tumor margin suggest malignant lesions in peripheral nerve tumors.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050498
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  • 189
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Proximal patellar tendinosis and abnormalities of patellar tracking (1999)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 28 (1999), S. 220-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Patellar tendinosis ; Jumper’s knee ; Patellar tracking ; MRI ; knee
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  Objective. To assess whether an association exists between patellar tendinosis and abnormal patellar tracking. Design and patients. The MRI examinations of 630 patients (i.e. 860 knees) referred with anterior knee pain over a 4-year period were assessed in retrospect for the presence of patellar tendinosis and abnormal patellar tracking. The images of the patients with patellar tendinosis were reviewed and the location within the patellar tendon was recorded. Results. There were 44 knees with proximal patellar tendinosis. Twenty-four of these were considered to have normal patellar tracking and 20 to have abnormal patellar tracking. In the group of 816 knees without proximal patellar tendinosis, 581 were considered to have normal patellar tracking and 235 knees to have abnormal patellar tracking. When the two groups were compared there was a statistically significant difference in the ratio of patients with and without abnormal tracking. Conclusion. In patients referred with anterior knee pain or suspected abnormal patellar tracking there is a significant association between proximal patellar tendinosis and abnormal patellar tracking.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050504
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  • 190
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hypertrophy and pseudohypertrophy of the lower leg following chronic radiculopathy and neuropathy: imaging findings in two patients (1999)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 28 (1999), S. 229-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Calf muscles ; Hypertrophy ; Pseudohypertrophy ; Neuropathy ; Radiculopathy ; MRI
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  Enlargement of the ipsilateral muscle compartment is an exceptional finding in patients with chronic radiculopathy, peripheral nerve injury, anterior horn cell diseases, or acquired peripheral neuropathy. We report radiographic, ultrasonographic, CT and MRI findings in a patient with chronic S1 radiculopathy and another with chronic neuropathy of the common fibular nerve (L4-S2), both presenting with painless enlargement of the calf muscles.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050506
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  • 191
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The radiological findings in chronic expanding hematoma (1999)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 28 (1999), S. 396-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Chronic expanding hematoma ; Ancient hematoma ; CT ; MRI ; Soft tissue mass
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  Objective. To identify the characteristic MRI findings of chronic expanding hematoma correlated with the pathology. Design and patients. Three patients who had a chronic expanding hematoma involving the musculoskeletal system were reviewed retrospectively. Results and conclusion. Huge soft tissue masses suggestive of malignancy with destruction of the bony structure were revealed on radiography and computed tomography. MRI showed the masses to exhibit heterogeneous signal intensity on both T1- and T2-weighted images with a peripheral rim of low signal intensity, reflecting the central zones of fluid collection due to fresh and altered blood with a wall of collagenous fibrous tissue. These MRI findings were seen in all three patients and are considered to be characteristic; they assist in differentiation from neoplasm in consideration of the history of trauma or surgery.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050536
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  • 192
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Synovial desmoplastic fibroblastoma of hip joint with bone erosion (1999)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 28 (1999), S. 402-406 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Erosions ; Femoral neck ; Synovial desmoplastic fibroblastoma (collagenous fibroma) ; MRI
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  A 78-year-old woman presented with pain at the left hip. Initial radiographs showed minimal age-related changes. Over the next 2 years she developed large erosions in the left femoral neck and proceeded to hip replacement. Histological examination showed bland spindle cells in a loose and hyalinised collagenous stroma considered to represent a desmoplastic fibroblastoma (collagenous fibroma). This is the first reported case of synovial desmoplastic fibroblastoma.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050537
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  • 193
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Deep soft tissue leiomyoma of the thigh (1999)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 28 (1999), S. 411-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Leiomyoma ; soft tissue ; Leiomyoma ; thigh ; Leiomyoma ; ossified ; MRI ; Radiography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  A case of ossified leiomyoma of the deep soft tissues of the left thigh is presented. The radiographic appearance suggested a low-grade chondrosarcoma. MRI of the lesion showed signal characteristics similar to muscle on both T1- and T2-weighted spin echo sequences with linear areas of high signal intensity on T1-weighted images consistent with medullary fat in metaplastic bone. Histopathological examination of the resected specimen revealed a benign ossified soft tissue leiomyoma.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050539
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  • 194
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    MRI findings of thoracolumbar spine fractures: a categorisation based on MRI examinations of 100 fractures (1999)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 28 (1999), S. 433-443 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Classification ; Fractures ; MRI ; Thoracolumbar spine
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  Objective. To define the state of different structures of the fractured thoracolumbar spine which may play a role in the immediate and long-term mechanical stability on MR images and to investigate the relationship of these findings with the AO classification of spinal injuries. Design. The state of the anterior longitudinal ligament, posterior longitudinal ligament, posterior ligamentous complex, cranial and caudal endplates, cranial and caudal discs and the vertebral body were defined using clinical, experimental and radiological data. The state of these structures was reported for each fracture on the MRI examinations and the different MRI features appropriate for different fracture classes were defined. Patients. MRI examinations of 70 patients with 100 fractures of the thoracolumbar spine were used for this study. Results. Wide variations were seen in the state of the structures studied. We could not find a definite pattern to relate these findings with the AO classification scheme. Conclusions. MR findings should be integrated into future classification schemes of thoracolumbar spine fractures. This would enable specific data about the structures involved in the stability of the spine to be acquired. Prospective studies using the criteria developed in this study may help resolve some of the controversies concerning the diagnosis and prognosis of these injuries as well as the development of new classification systems.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050542
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  • 195
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Tuberculous infection of the gracilis muscle and tendon clinically mimicking deep venous thrombosis: sonographic findings (1999)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 28 (1999), S. 457-459 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Musculotendinous tuberculosis ; ultrasonography ; Musculotendinous tuberculosis ; MRI
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  Musculoskeletal tuberculosis usually involves the spine. Tuberculous infection of muscles and tendons is rare. A patient with tuberculous infection of the gracilis muscle and tendon is reported. Lower extremity Doppler ultrasound was initially performed, as the physical examination mimicked deep vein thrombosis. Sonography identified the abnormal muscle and tendon and was then used to guide aspiration. The sonographic appearance of the gracilis muscle and tendon is described and compared with correlative MR images.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050546
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  • 196
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Muscle hernias of the lower leg: MRI findings (1999)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 28 (1999), S. 465-469 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Lower leg ; Muscle hernia ; Fascial defect ; MRI ; Dynamic imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  Muscle hernias of the lower leg involving the tibialis anterior, peroneus brevis, and lateral head of the gastrocnemius were found in three different patients. MRI findings allowed recognition of herniated muscle in all cases and identification of fascial defect in two of them. MR imaging findings and the value of dynamic MR imaging is emphasized.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050548
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  • 197
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Intramuscular spindle cell hemangioendothelioma (1999)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 28 (1999), S. 477-480 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Spindle cell hemangioendothelioma ; skeletal muscle ; MRI ; forearm
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  Spindle cell hemangioendothelioma occurring in skeletal muscle is extremely rare. No reported studies have performed an imaging evaluation of intramuscular spindle cell hemangioendothelioma. We report on such a tumor arising in an unusual site, the right extensor digiti minimi, in a 46-year-old woman. An en bloc resection was performed and the patient has been disease free for 8 years. Radiologic imaging in the present case showed similar findings to those described in intramuscular hemangioma.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050551
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  • 198
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Dedifferentiated parosteal osteosarcoma with rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation (1999)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 28 (1999), S. 527-531 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Parosteal osteosarcoma ; dedifferentiation ; rhabdomyosarcoma ; Parosteal osteosarcoma ; femur ; MRI
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  Dedifferentiated parosteal osteosarcomas are characterized histologically by the combination of low-grade fibroblastic osteosarcoma admixed with a high-grade component that typically has the appearance of malignant fibrous histiocytoma or osteosarcoma. Herein we report a case of dedifferentiated parosteal osteosarcoma of the distal femur, in which the high-grade component consisted of rhabdomyosarcoma. To our knowledge, a rhabdomyosarcomatous component has not been described previously in a dedifferentiated parosteal osteosarcoma. The clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features of this rare type of surface osteosarcoma are described.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050557
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  • 199
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Popliteal vascular malformation simulating a soft tissue sarcoma (1999)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 28 (1999), S. 532-535 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Soft tissue sarcoma ; Aneurysm ; Vascular malformation ; MRI ; Digital subtraction angiography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  Differentiation of vascular abnormalities from soft tissue sarcomas may be difficult on clinical grounds, but is usually possible on imaging criteria. We report the MRI and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) findings in a patient presenting with a mass behind the knee. We discuss differentiating features and review the literature of similar cases.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050558
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  • 200
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Malignant degeneration of an osteochondroma with unusual intra-bursal invasion (1999)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 28 (1999), S. 540-543 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Chondrosarcoma ; Osteochondroma ; Bursa ; CT ; MRI
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  Multiple hereditary osteochondromatosis is an uncommon autosomal dominant condition in which patients are predisposed to the development of chondrosarcoma. We report a case of a patient who developed a secondary low-grade chondrosarcoma in this setting. The tumor was associated with an unusual multinodular invasive growth pattern into a pre-existing bursa that was present overlying the osteochondroma.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050560
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