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  • 1975-1979  (743)
  • 1975  (743)
  • Organic Chemistry  (659)
  • Engineering General  (84)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 9 (1975) 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 9 (1975), S. 1-15 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A simple mixed finite element method is developed. The finite element is a rectangular triangle and rectangle. In the element the deflections are assumed to be simple four-element polynomials, bending moments, Mx and My with a partially linear distribution, and a constant, Mxy, expressed in terms of the node deflections. The element matrix is of the order of 8 × 8. It is derived in a common engineering way. The unknowns are the deflections at the nodes and mid-diagonal, the two moments at the end of the diagonal and the two moments on the cathetus. The results obtained by this method show good convergence and an improvement in the accuracy of the moments as well as in the deflections, compared with results obtained by similar methods, such as those of Herrmann.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 9 (1975), S. 39-50 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Finite element buckling analyses of plates are performed by means of quardrilateral elements having 12 degrees-of-freedom. It is found that if the plate is capable of appreciable transverse shear deformation, initial-stress stiffness matrices that represent the lateral dispalcement by cubic polynomials do not yield convergence to correct results. An initial-stress stiffness that works satisfactorily for both homogeneous and sandwich plates is formulated. A Fortran listing of the associated subroutine is provided.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 9 (1975), S. 17-38 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The results of a finite difference analysis are presented for the problem of incompressible laminar flow heat transfer in concentric annuli with simultaneously developing hydrodynamic and thermal boundary layers, the boundary conditions of one wall being isothermal and the other wall adiabatic. This corresponds to the fundamental solution of the third kind according to the four fundamental solutions classified by Reynolds, Lundberg and McCuen1.Firstly, the hydrodynamic entry length problem, based on the boundary layer simplifications of the Navier-Stokes equations, was solved by means of an extension of the linearized finite difference scheme used previously by Bodia and Osterle2 to solve a similar problem between parallel plates. The energy equation is then solved, using the velocity profiles previously obtained, by means of an implicit finite difference technique.The accuracy of the numerical solution was checked by comparing results for the annulus of radius ratio 0.25 with the avaiable solution of Shumway and McEligot3.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 9 (1975), S. 51-62 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Accounting for shear deformations and rotary inertia effects, necessary condition for optimum fundamental frequency of a vibrating beam of constant volume and with a given distribution of non-structural mass, is obtained through the calculus of variations. Minimum cross-section of the beam is controlled by the introduction of an inequality constraint. A finite element displacement formulation is then used in an iterativve manner to arrive at the optimum fundamental frequency and the corresponding material distribution for the discretized beam models with various boundary conditions. A comparison is then made with the corresponding results of an Euler beam.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper describes a practical implementation of the Galerkin finite element procedure for solving systems of parabolic partial differential equations with non-linear boundary conditions. This technique consists of finding an approximation in the form of a finite sum of cubic B-splines, which yield high-order accurate results, and consequently, solutions can be developed with remarkable precision and speed up to the steady state region where conventional finite difference methods often fail. In addition, the choice of mesh width and nodal spacing can be automatically determined for a predictor-corrector routine, thereby relieving the engineer of a great deal of ‘guess work’ that is normally characteristic of solving such problems.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 9 (1975), S. 250-252 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 9 (1975), S. 245-250 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 9 (1975), S. 337-351 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The method of moments is a semidiscrete numerical method for solving partial differential equations. The method approximates the solution of a partial differential equation by a finite sum of products of two functions. One function in the product is an unknown function of a single variable and the other function (moment function) is a prescribed function in the remaining variables. Using variational technique we obtain a finite system of boundary value problems of ordinary differential equations for the unknown functions.The main goal of this paper is the study of the theoretical background and numerical effectiveness of the method of moments for solving linear partial differential equations on rectangular-like domains.The mathematical formulation of the method together with error estimates and the theory of optimal moment functions are given. If for the one-dimensional moment functions piecewise polynomials of degree K are used then finite element type error bounds are obtained for the approximate solution in two dimensions.We also consider the numerical implementation of the method through the factorization method and efficient initial value methods. Several numerical examples showing the efficiency of the method are presented.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A method is described whereby the formulation for non-conforming bending elements includes the work dissipated across the inter-element boundaries. For the examples considered, this correction is shown to lead to a significant improvement in accuracy at little extra cost. Since the solution procedure is based on an iterative technique, the method would be particularly suitable if applied to non-linear problems.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 9 (1975), S. 679-689 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper investigates the phenomenon of ‘noise’ which is common in most time-dependent problems. The emphasis is on the achievable accuracy that is obtained with various time-stepping algorithms and how this can be improved if noise is artificially damped to an acceptable level. A series of experiments are made where the space domain is discretized using the finite element method and the variation with time is approximated by several finite difference methods. The conclusion is reached that the Crank-Nicolson scheme with a simple averaging process is superior to the other methods investigated.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 9 (1975), S. 691-699 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The utility of the method of orthogonal collocation for solving stiff boundary value problems is investigated. To this end, the method is applied to a number of very stiff problems from the engineering and applied mathematics literature. The examples include both linear and non-linear problems defined on both finite and infinite intervals, a singular perturbation problem, and an inherently unstable problem. The examples demonstrate the usefulness of the method for a wide variety of stiff problems, as well as some of its limitations.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 9 (1975), S. 711-720 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 9 (1975), S. 701-709 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A symmetric central finite difference operator is derived for the small deflection analysis of transversely loaded, ‘thin’, elastic plates, whose stiffnesses vary as functions of the in-plane co-ordinates. The operator is written here in Cartesian co-ordinates for a square mesh, but the same technique can also be used to construct an operator for a rectangular mesh.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 15
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: It is shown that a singularity occurs in isoparametric finite elements if the mid-side nodes are moved sufficiently from their normal position. By choosing the mid-side node positions on standard isoparametric elements so that the singularity occurs exactly at the corner of an element it is possible to obtain quite accurate solutions to the problem of determining the stress intensity at the tip of a crack. The solutions compare favourably with those obtained using some types of special crack tip elements, but are not as accurate as those given by a crack tip element based on the hybrid principle. However, the hybrid elements are more difficult to use.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 9 (1975), S. 509-533 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper describes the computational aspects of an earlier analytical study1,2 of the problem of maximizing a linear combination of the natural frequencies of vibration of a turbine disc idealization subject to weight and fabrication constraints. The problem was formulated as an optimal control problem and solutions to the adjoint equations of the Pontryagin formalism obtained using perturbation techniques. These techniques transformed the problem to a non-linear program. This paper gives detailed computational solutions to the non-linear program which is characterized by pockets of relative optima. In addition, the dual problem of minimizing the weight subject to a frequency constraint is considered within the optimal control framework. The duality results are confirmed computationally for the two non-linear programs.A description of some practical procedures for improving the convergence characteristics of these highly non-linear programs is included.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 9 (1975), S. 535-550 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Incremental equations of motion are derived from a Lagrangian variational formulation for the large displacement elastic-plastic and elastic-viscoplastic dynamic analysis of deformable bodies. The material constitutive behaviour is described in terms of the symmetric Piola-Kirchhoff stress and Lagrangian strain tensors. Degenerate isoparametric elements, permitting relaxation of the Kirchhoff-Love hypothesis, are used in a finite element formulation specialized for the analysis of shells of revolution subjected to axisymmetric loading. The linearized incremental equations of motion are solved using direct integration procedures, with added accuracy obtained from application of equilibrium correction at each step. The effectiveness of the numerical techniques is illustrated by the dynamic response analyses carried out on a shallow spherical cap subjected to uniform external step pressure loadings.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 9 (1975), S. 551-561 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A finite element method is developed by which it is possible to obtain the general solution of an ordinary differential equation directly. The procedure consists of approximating the differential equation with a rectangular matrix equation and of solving the latter equation by using generalized matrix inversion. It is shown in the paper that the homogeneous and inhomogeneous solutions of the two systems correspond and that the approximate solutions produced form the complete general solution of the original differential equation.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 9 (1975), S. 581-599 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A discretization process is described by which it is possible to generate finite difference formulas for arbitrary linear two-dimensional partial differential equations. The process is based on a novel approach to finite difference analysis in which differential operators are approximated by rectangular matrices. In this approach, the discrete form of a complicated operator is obtained by performing simple numerical operations on elementary matrix factors. The analysis is augmented by a listing of a computer program based on the method for the automatic generation of finite difference formulas.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 9 (1975), S. 601-615 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Alternate hybrid stress finite element models in which the internal equilibrium equations are satisfied on the average only, while the equilibrium equations along the interelement boundaries and the static boundary conditions are adhered to exactly a priori, are developed. The variational principle and the corresponding finite element formulation, which allows the standard direct stiffness method of structural analysis to be used, are discussed. Triangular elements for a moderately thick plate and a doubly-curved shallow thin shell are developed. Kinematic displacement modes, convergence criteria and bounds for the direct flexibility-influence coefficient are examined.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 9 (1975), S. 563-580 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The typical numerical problem associated with finite element approximations is a quadratic programming problem with linear equality constraints. When nodal variables are employed, the coefficient matrix of the constraint equations, [A], acquires a block-diagonal structure. The transformation from polynomial coefficients to nodal variables involves finding a basis for [A] and computing its inverse.Simultaneous satisfaction of completeness and C1 (or higher) continuity requirements establishes linear relationships among the nodal variables and precludes inversion of the basis by exclusively element-level operations.Linear dependencies among the constraint equations and among the nodal variables can be evaluated by the simplex method. The computational procedure is outlined.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1975 (1975) 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1975 (1975), S. 1-18 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Retention and Rearrangement on Deamination of 6,7,8,9-Tetrahydro-5,9-methano-5H-benzo-cyclohepten-10-amines 1)6,7,8,9-Tetrahydro-5,9-methano-5H-benzocyclohepten-lO(a)-amines 5b, 5c, and 5e react with nitrous acid in water/acetic acid to form alcohols and acetates with the same carbon skeleton and with retention of the configuration at C-10. This reaction can be explained by neighboring group participation of the benzene ring (homobenzylic conjugation). On reaction with nitrous acid the C-10 epimeric amines 6b, 6c, and 6e rearrange to form derivatives of hexahydrocyclopent[u]indene (7). Alcohols and acetates with exo configuration at C-8 predominante.
    Notes: Die 6,7,8,9-Tetrahydro-5,9-methano-5H-benzocyclohepten-lO(a)-amine 5b, 5c und 5e reagieren mit salpetriger Saure in wäßriger Essigsaure zu Alkoholen und Acetaten, wobei das Kohlenstoffskelett und die Konfiguration am C-10 erhalten bleiben. Diese Reaktion kann durch eine Nachbargruppenbeteiligung des Benzolrings (Homobenzylkonjugation) erklärt werden. Die am C-10 epimeren Amine 6b, 6c und 6e lagern sich bei der Reaktion mit salpetriger Säure zu Derivaten des Hexahydrocyclopent[a]indens (7) um. Die Alkohole und Acetate mit exo-Konfiguration am C-8 werden bevorzugt gebildet.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1975 (1975), S. 19-35 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Imine-Enamine Tautomerism, IV 1). - Investigation of Thioimidoate/Ketene S,N-AcetalAlkylation of thioanilides gives the thioimidoates 1a, which are in tautomeric equilibrium with ketene S,N-acetals 1b if suitable substituents are present. Diethyl [(arylimino)(methylthio)- methyl]malonates {methyl N-aryl-diethoxycarbonyl(thioacetimidoates)} are examined in order to show the influence of substituents on nitrogen, and for diethyl [(phenylimino)(benzylthio)-methyl]malonates {benzyl N-phenyl-diethoxycarbonyl(thioacetimidoates)} in order to illustrate the influence of sulfur-bonded substituents. - The results are discussed in connection with previously reported results for imine-enamine tautomerism. Together with further examples an attempt is made to deduce general rules for the description of imine-enamine tautomeric systems.
    Notes: Durch Alkylierung von Thioaniliden entstehen die Thioimidsäureester 1a, die bei geeigneter Substitution mit den Keten-S,N-acetalen 1b in einem Tautomeriegleichgewicht stehen. Am Beispiel der [(Arylimino)(methylthio)methyl]malonsäure-diäthylester IN-Aryl-diäthoxy-carbonyl(thioacetimidsäure)-methylester} wird der Einfluß des Substituenten am Stickstoffatom, am Beispiel der [(Phenylimino)(benzylthio)methyl]malonsäure-diäthylester {N-Phenyl-diäthoxycarbonyl(thioacetimidsäure)-benzylester} der Einfluß des an das Schwefelatom gebundenen Substituenten untersucht. - Die Ergebnisse werden im Zusammenhang mit früheren Ergebnissen zur Imin-Enamin-Tautomerie diskutiert, wobei der Versuch unternommen wird, unter Einbeziehung weiterer Beispiele allgemeine Regeln zur Beschreibung imin-enamin-tautomerer Systeme aufzustellen.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1975 (1975), S. 41-53 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Structure of Thioamides and Their Derivatives, XXX 1). - N-SulfonylthioamidesN-Sulfonylthioamides 4 are obtained from sulfonyl isothiocyanates 2 and Grignard compounds 3. Comparative IR-spectroscopic investigations (Tables 4 and 5) and measurements of dipole moments provide information about the conformations of the compounds. Acidity (Table 2), alkylation, UV (Table 3) and 1H-NMR spectra are discussed.
    Notes: N-Sulfonylthioamide 4 können durch Umsetzung von Grignardverbindungen 3 mit Sulfonyl-isothiocyanaten 2 erhalten werden. Durch vergleichende IR-spektroskopische Untersuchungen (Tabellen 4 und 5 ) und durch Bestimmung der Dipolmomente wurden Aufschlüsse über die Konformation der Verbindungen gewonnen. Acidität (Tabelle 2), Alkylierungsverhalten, UV- (Tabelle 3) und IH-NMR-Daten werden diskutiert.
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1975 (1975), S. 36-40 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Imine-Enamine Tautomerism, V1). - Solvent- and Temperature-dependence of Thioimidoate/Ketene S,N-Acetal TautomerismI n solution N-aryl(thioimidoates) 2a exist predominantly in the ketene S,N-acetal form. The tautomeric equilibrium depends on the solvent and temperature. The quantity of the chelate ketene S,N-acetal 2b decreases with increasing polarity and ability of the solvent to form intermolecular hydrogen bonds. - The equilibrium constants and the values of the thermo-dynamic parameters ΔG, ΔH und Δ,S of the compound 2 (Rl = 4-Br, R* = CH3) have been determined in two solvents of different polarity by IH-NMR measurements. An increase in temperature and consequent decrease in entropy leads to destabilization of the ketene S,N-acetal in the tautomerism 2a ⇌ 2b.
    Notes: Die N-Aryl(thioimidsäure)ester 2a liegen in Lösung überwiegend in der tautomeren Keten-S,N-acetalform 2b vor. Das Tautomeriegleichgewicht ist lösungsmittel- und temperatur-abhängig. Mit zunehmender Polarität und zunehmender Befähigung des Lösungsmittels zur Ausbildung intermolekularer Wasserstoffbrücken sinkt der Gehalt des chelatisierten Keten-S,N-acetals 2b. - In zwei Lösungsmitteln unterschiedlicher Polarität wurden für die Verbindung 2 (R1 = 4-Br, R2 = CH3) 1H-NMR-spektroskopisch die Gleichgewichtskonstanten und die Werte der thermodynamischen Größen ΔG, ΔH und Δ,S bestimmt. Steigende Temperatur führt wegen der Entropieabnahme bei der Tautomerisierung 2a ⇌ 2b ebenfalls zur Destabilisierung des Keten-S,N-acetals.
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1975 (1975), S. 79-88 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Formation and Structure of Betaines of Bicyclic Pyrimidino- and Imidazo-thiazole DerivativesCyclic thioureas 1 form betaines 5 of bicyclic imidazo- and pyrimidino-thiazoles in a single-batch reaction with mercury bis(phenylacetylide) (2) and aromatic isothiocyanates 3. Some experiments show that a dithiazepine 4 is probably formed as an intermediate during the reaction.
    Notes: Cyclische Thioharnstoffe 1 reagieren in einer Dreikomponentenreaktion mit Quecksilberbis(phenylacetylid) (2) und einem Arylisothiocyanat 3 zu Betainen 5 bicyclischer Imidazo-und Pyrimidino-thiazole. Einige Experimente weisen darauf hin, daß ein Dithiazepin 4 als Zwischenstufe durchlaufen wird.
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  • 28
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Mass Spectrometric Studies on ortho-Effects and Related Rearrangements in Benzoic and 2,2'-Diphenic Acid DerivativesThe mass spectra of the benzoic and 2,2'-diphenic acid derivatives 1-18 are discussed with regard to their rearrangement products. It has been shown that single as well as double oxygen migrations occur to various acceptors. It is also determined which atoms or groups of atoms could be transferred instead of oxygen via 5- up to 7-membered transition states under electron impact conditions. The example of 4-methylphenyl 2-nitro-[α,α-D2]benzyl sulfide ([D2]-9) illustrates that only a benzylic proton takes part in a novel unknown hydrogen migration. Furthermore, the paper demonstrates for the first time that an oxygen migration probably occurs from a nitro to a carboxylic group.
    Notes: Die Massenspektren der Benzoe- und 2,2'-Diphensäurederivate 1 -18 werden hinsichtlich ihrer Umlagerungsprodukte diskutiert. Dabei werden sowohl einfache als auch doppelte Sauerstoffwanderungen zu verschiedenen Akzeptoren aufgefunden. Es wird auch untersucht, welche Atome oder Atomgruppen anstelle von Sauerstoff unter Elektronenstoßbedingungen über 5- bis 7-gliedrige Übergangszustände übertragen werden können. Am Beispiel des 4-Methylphenyl(2-nitro-[α,α-D2]benzyl)sulfids ([D2]-9) wird belegt, daß ausschließlich ein Benzylproton an einer bisher unbekannten Wasserstoffwanderung teilnimmt. Ferner wird erstmals eine Sauerstoffwanderung aus einer Nitro- an eine Carboxylgruppe wahrscheinlich gemacht.
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1975 (1975), S. 89-94 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis of Specially Substituted 1,3-Dithiole-2-thiones and 1,3-Thiaselenole-2-thionesAmidines 1 of phenylpropiolic acid react at room temperature with sulfur and carbon disulfide in dimethylformamide to give 1,3-dithiole-2-thiones 3. Analogous reactions at 70°C with selenium afford 1,3-thiaselenole-2-thiones 5 in lower yields. The reaction mechanism is discussed.
    Notes: Die Phenylpropiolsäureamidine 1 reagieren bei Raumtemperatur mit Schwefel und Schwefel-kohlenstoff in Dimethylformamid zu den 1,3-Dithiol-2-thionen 3. Bei 70°C lassen sich analog mit Selen in geringeren Ausbeuten die 1,3-Thiaselenol-2-thione 5 darstellen. Der Reaktionsmechanismus wird diskutiert.
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1975 (1975), S. 95-102 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reaction of Tetraacetylglycoluril with NucleophilesTetraacetylglycoluril (1) transfers four acetyl groups in two stages when reacting with nucleophilic compounds. The first stage, which corresponds to the transfer of two acetyl groups, can be used for acetylation of amines, phenols and thioles under mild conditions. 3-(Ethyl-amino)propylamine (8) is exclusively acetylated at the primary amino group.
    Notes: Bei der Umsetzung von Tetraacetylglykoluril (1) mit nucleophilen Verbindungen erfolgt die Abgabe der vier Acetylgruppen aus 1 in zwei Stufen. Die erste Stufe, die der Übertragung von zwei Acetylgruppen entspricht, läßt sich zur präparativen Acetylierung von Aminen, Phenolen und Thiolen unter schonenden Bedingungen nutzen. 3-(Äthylamino)propylamin (8) wird von 1 ausschließlich an der primären Aminogruppe acetyliert.
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  • 31
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Addition of Organomagnesium Halides to C=C Bonds, VII. - Reactions of 1- and 3-Sub-stituted Allylmagnesium Halides with OlefinsThe addition of allylmagnesium compounds substituted in position 1 and/or 3 (CIMgCHR3CH =CR1R2; 1-4) to olefins (CH2=CHR4; 8,13,20,27) has been investigated. The reactions were carried out in polar and non-polar media and within a temperature range of 20-130°C. The 3-alkyl-2-propenylmagnesium halides add of either C-1 or C-3 of the alkenyl group to the C= C-bond, giving CIMgCH2CHR4CHR3CH =CR1R2 (9,14,21) or CIMgCH2CHR4CRl-R2CH=CHR3 (11,16, 23, 32 and 33), respectively. The selectivity in favour of addition with C-3 decreases with increasing temperature and bulk of the alkene. Besides normal metal-to-C-1 addition metal-to-C-2 addition is also observed and predominates in the case of additions to styrene (27). - Apart from the various directions of addition of the metal and the alternative attack of the alkenyl group, skeletal rearrangements are also observed which proceed via intermediate formation of cyclobutylmethylmetal. Addition of 1 or 2 to 1-octene (20) followed by hydrolysis leads to the methylcyclobutane derivatives 69 or 59 and 62, respectively. The difference in free enthalpy between primary and secondary alkylmagnesium chloride is estimated to be  -  3 to  -  4 kcal 'mol-1. The gain in free enthalpy on conversion of secondary or tertiary 4-alkenyl- into primary cyclobutylmethylmagnesium can be utilized for the synthesis of cyclobutyl derivatives of magnesium. - At 40°C 2-butenylmagnesium chloride (1) and bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-en (73) form the 1:l-adduct 76, which on heating is cyclized to the tricycle78. Isomerizations occur as well as an opening reaction of the saturated five membered ring to give 1-[3-(l-propenyl)cyclopentyl]allylmagnesium chloride (88). - The first intra- molecular cycloaddition of a 4-alkenylmagnesium 36 to give a cyclopentylmagnesium compound 84 has been demonstrated. Starting from octadienylenemagnesium 98 and ethylene (8) mainly Clo-cyclopentane derivatives (e. g. 100) are formed together with small amounts of open chain Clz-alkadienes. On reaction of 2,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienylenemagnesium (92) with 8 1 :2 adducts predominate (e. g. 95).
    Notes: Es wird die Addition von in 1- und/oder 3-Stellung substituierten Allylmagnesiumverbindungen (ClMgCHR3CH=CRlR2; 1 -4)an Olefine (CH2=CHR4; 8,13,20,27) im Temperaturbereich 20- 130°C in polaren und unpolaren Reaktionsmedien untersucht. Die 3-Alkyl-2-propenyl-magnesiumhalogenide addieren sich dabei entweder mit C-1 oder C-3 des Alkenylrestes an die C=C-Bindung, wobei Verbindungen des Typs CIMgCH2CHR4CHR3CH=CR1R2 (9,14,21) bzw. CIMgCH2CHR4CR1R2CH=CHR3 (11,16,23,32 und 33) entstehen. Die Selektivität zugunsten der Anlagerung mit C-3 nimmt mit zunehmender Temperatur und sterischem Anspruch des Alkens ab. Neben der normalen (Metall-an-C-1)-Addition wird auch (Metall-an-C-2)-Addition beobachtet, die bei Additionen an Styrol (27) überwiegt. - Außer den unterschiedlichen Additionsrichtungen des Metalls und den alternativen Angriffen des Alkenylrestes werden noch Gerüstumlagerungen beobachtet, die über die intramolekulare Bildung von Cyclobutylmethylmetall verlaufen. Nach Addition von 1 oder 2 an I-Octen (20) und Hydrolyse lassen sich die Methylcyclobutanderivate 69 bzw. 59 und 62 nachweisen. Der Unterschied an freier Enthalpie zwischen primären und sekundären Alkylmagnesiumchloriden wird zu  - 3 bis  - 4 kcal.mo1-1 abgeschätzt. Der Gewinn an freier Enthalpie beim Übergang sekundärer und tertiärer 4-Alkenylmagnesiumverbindungen in primäres Cyclobutylmethylmagnesium läßt sich zur Synthese von Cyclobutylderivaten des Magnesiums nutzen. - 2-Butenylmagnesiumchlorid (1) und Bicyclo[2.2.l]hept-2-en (73) bilden bei 40°C das 1 : 1 -Addukt 76, das beim Erhitzen zum Tricyclus 78 cyclisiert. Weiter finden Isomerisierungen als auch Öffnung eines gesättigten Fü,nfringes zum 1-[3-(1-Propenyl)cyclo-pentyl]allylmagnesiumchlorid (88) statt. - Erstmals konnte eine intramolekulare Cyclisierung einer 4-Alkenylmagnesiumverbindung 36 zu einer Cyclopentylmagnesiumverbindung 84 nachgewiesen werden. - Aus Octadienylenmagnesium 98 und Äthylen (8) werden überwiegend Clo-Cyclopentanderivate (z. B. 100) neben wenig offenkettigem Clz-Alkadien erhalten. Aus 2,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadienylenmagnesium (92) und 8 entstehen dagegen mehr 1 :2-Addukte (z. B. 95).
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 32
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    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1975 (1975), S. 209-213 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: True and Supposed Dimers of BenzylphenylketeneThermal dimerization of benzylphenylketene (la) yields the cis-dimer 2a (m. p. 198°C). Supposed dimers A (m. p. 238°C) and B (m. p. 153°C) from the literature are shown to be 3a and 7 respectively.
    Notes: Die rein thermische Dimerisierung von Benzylphenylketen (1a) liefert das cis-Dimere 2a (Schmp. 198°C). Literaturbekannte angebliche Dimere A (Schmp. 238°C) und B (Schmp. 153°C) werden als 3a bzw. 7 aufgeklart.
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  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1975 (1975), S. 201-208 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reaction of Naphthalene, Anthracene and Phenanthrene with DichlorocarbeneNaphthalene (1), anthracene (4) and phenanthrene (8) are allowed to react with CCl2 by Makosza's method. 1 and 4 yield the chlorocycloheptatrienes 2a - c or 5c, and 3 or 6. Phenanthrene (8) gives the norcaradiene 9a which is cleaved to 10 or 11 under drastic conditions. On treatment with butyllithium 8 undergoes substitution to give 9b - d only.
    Notes: Naphthalin (1), Anthracen (4) und Phenanthren (8) werden mit CC12 nach der Makosza-Methode umgesetzt. Dabei ergaben 1 und 4 die Chlorcycloheptatriene 2a- c bzw. 5c sowie 3 bzw. 6. Phenanthren (8) liefert das Norcaradien 9a, das unter drastischen Bedingungen Ringöffnung zu 10 oder 11 erleidet. Mit Butyllithium tritt nur Substitution zu 9b - d ein.
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  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1975 (1975), S. 214-224 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis and Stability of 2,3-DichlorooxiranesReactions of the stereoisomers of 1,2-dichloroethylene (4a, 5a), 1,2-dichloro-1-propene (4b,5b), 2,3-dichloro-2-butene (4c, 5c) and of 1,2-dichlorocyclohexene (8) with m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid afford the corresponding epoxides 6/7 and 9, respectively. Upon heating, these epoxides rearrange into a,a-dichloro carbonyl compounds. From the unsymmetrically substituted epoxides 6b or 7b, the corresponding dichloro aldehyde 10b is formed preferentially, along with minor amounts of the dichloroketone 11b. In the reaction of trans-3,4-di-chloro-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-3-hexene (5d) with m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid, the corresponding epoxide 7d could only be detected as an unstable intermediate; the dichloroketone 10d was isolated as reaction product.
    Notes: Umsetzungen der Stereoisomeren von 1,2-Dichloräthylen (4a, Sa), 1,2-Dichlor-1-propen (4b, Sb) und 2,3-Dichlor-2-buten (4c, 5c) sowie von 1,2-Dichlorcyclohexen (8) mit m-Chlorperoxybenzoesäure liefern die entsprechenden Epoxide 6/7 bzw. 9. Beim Erwärmen werden diese Epoxide in α,α-Dichlorcarbonylverbindungen umgelagert. Aus den unsymmetrisch substituierten Epoxiden 6b und 7b entsteht dabei bevorzugt der Dichloraldehyd 10b neben wenig Dichlorketon 11b. Bei der Umsetzung von trans-3,4-Dichlor-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-3-hexen (5d) mit m-Chlorperoxybenzoesäure konnte das entsprechende Epoxid 7d nur als instabile Zwischenstufe nachgewiesen werden; als Reaktionsprodukt wurde das entsprechende Dichlorketon 10d isoliert.
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  • 35
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Oxidationproducts of Carbothioamides, XXXI1). - Preparation and Configuration of Tetra- and Trialkylthiourea S,S,S-Trioxides1-Chloro-N,N,N',N'-tetramethylformamidinium chloride (1) reacts readily with silver sulfite to give the tetramethylthiourea S,S,S-trioxide (2). The analogous reaction with N,N,N',S-tetraalkylisothiouronium iodides 3 leads to the trialkylthiourea S,S,S-trioxides 4. - The configuration and hindered rotation of the CZ -N-bonds of the thiourea S,S,S-trioxides 4 are investigated 1H-NMR spectroscopically and the results compared with those for other known thiourea S,S,S-trioxides.
    Notes: 1-Chlor-N,N,N',N'-tetramethylformamidiniumchlorid (1) läβt sich mit Silbersulfit glatt zum Tetramethylthioharnstoff-S,S,S-trioxid (2) umsetzen. N,N,N',S-Tetraalkylisothiuroniumjodide 3 ergeben mit Silbersulfit die Trialkylthioharnstoff-S,S,S-trioxide 4. - Konfiguration und behinderte Rotation um die C2-N-Bindungen der Thioharnstoff-S,S,S-trioxide 4 werden 1H-NMR-spektroskopisch untersucht und die Ergebnisse mit den Erfahrungen an anderen Thioharnstoff-S,S,S-trioxiden verglichen.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 36
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    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1975 (1975), S. 401-405 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Ozonolysis of Dihydrolinalool(+)-(R)-3,7-Dimethyl-6-octen-3-ol (dihydrolinalool, 2) is prepared from (+)-(S)-3,7-dimethyl-1.6-octadien-3-ol (linalool, 1) by partial hydrogenation. The compound is ozonized in ethyl acetate and hydrogenated, and the resulting hemi-acetal 3b reduced to (+)-(R)-3-methyl-3-hexanol (4) by the Wolff-Kishner method. The analogous procedure in methanol or ethanol yields (i-)-(2R,5S)-2-ethyl-5-methoxy-2-methyloxolane (5a) and its (-)-(2R,5R)-isomer 5b, or the corresponding 5-ethoxy compounds. The mechanism and synthetic utility of this reaction are discussed.
    Notes: Aus ( +)-(S)-3,7-Dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-ol (Linalool, 1) erhält man durch partielle Hydrierung (+)-(R)-3,7-Dimethyl-6-octen-3-ol (Dihydrolinalool, 2). Dieses liefert nach Ozonolyse in Essigester und anschließender Hydrierung ein Halbacetal 3b, das nach Wolff-Kishner-Reduktion zu (+)-(R)-3-Methyl-3-hexanol (4) f¨hrt. Bei Verwendung von Methanol oder Äthanol sind die Reaktionsprodukte (+)-(2R,5S)-2-Äthyl-5-methoxy-2-methyloxolan (5a) sowie das (-)-(2R,SR)-Isomer 5b bzw. die anlogen 5-Äthoxyverbindungen. Bildungsweise und Anwendbarkeit dieser Reaktion werden erörtert.
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  • 37
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    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1975 (1975), S. 424-437 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Ethanes Bearing Several Metal SubstituentsSeveral organo-zirconium-aluminium compounds having M - C -C - M type structure are described, and their formation and interconversion are considered along with the accompanying kinetic isotope effects. Preparative procedures are also given.
    Notes: Es werden eine Reihe von zirkon-aluminiumorganischen Verbindungen mit M -C -C- M-Struktur, ihre Bildung und gegenseitige Umwandlung, dabei auftretende kinetische Isotopeneffekte sowie ihre Präparation beschrieben.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1975 (1975), S. 470-483 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Syntheses with Substituted Malondialdehydes, XIX1).  -  Synthesis of Fluoro-Substituted Carbocyclic and Heterocyclic CompoundsCondensation of fluoromalondialdehyde (7) or its derivatives 1 and 2 with suitable bifunctional reaction partners affords the fluoro-substituted carbocycles 3 and 6 and the heterocyclic compounds 8-16,19,22 and 24 which are otherwise obtainable in low yields only or not at all.
    Notes: Durch Kondensation des Fluormalondialdehyds (7) oder seiner Derivate 1 und 2 mit geeigneten bifunktionellen Reaktionspartnern wurden die fluorsubstituierten Carbocyclen 3 und 6 sowie die Heterocyclen 8-16, 19, 22 und 24 erhalten, die auf andere Weise nicht oder nur mit geringen Ausbeuten darstellbar sind.
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  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1975 (1975), S. 509-520 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactions between Benzyl Derivatives of Titanium and AluminiumThe reaction between tribenzylaluminium (AlBz3) and tetrabenzyltitanium (TiBz4) or tris(p-methylbenzyl)aluminium (AlXy3) and tetrakis(p-methylbenzy1)titanium (TiXy4) with elimination of toluene or xylene respectively, which yields catalytic systems for α-olefin polymerization, has been investigated using cryoscopy, MS, and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The extent of the reaction depends on the Al/Ti ratio, reaching a maximum for values between 4 and 5. The reaction is accompanied by a reduction of Ti(IV) to Ti(III). On mixing tetrabenzyltitanium (TiBz4) with dibenzylzinc (ZnBz2) [Zn/Ti = 1.23] only titanium reduction occurs. This system does not polymerize 4-methyl-1-pentene.
    Notes: Die Reaktion zwischen Tribenzylaluminium (AlBz3) und Tetrabenzyltitan (TiBz4) oder Tris(p-methylbenzyl)aluminium (AlXy3) und Tetrakis(p-methylbenzyl)titan (TiXy4) unter Eliminierung von Toluol bzw. Xylol, welche katalytische Systeme für die Polymerisation von α-Olefinen liefert, wurde durch Kryoskopie, MS- und 1H-NMR-Spektroskopie untersucht. Das Reaktionsausmaß hängt von dem Al/Ti-Verhältnis ab und erreicht ein Maximum für Al/Ti zwischen 4 und 5. Die Reaktion wird von einer Reduktion von Ti(IV) zu Ti(III) begleitet. Beim Mischen von Tetrabenzyltitan (TiBz4) mit Dibenzylzink (ZnBz2) [Zn/Ti = 1.23] findet nur die Reduktion des Titans statt. Dieses System polymerisiert 4-Methyl-1-penten nicht.
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  • 40
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactions of Alkylmetal Compounds of Metals of Group III in the Gas Phase, 111).  - Homogeneous Cycloisomerization of 1,4- and 1,5-Dienes Catalyzed by Gaseous Trialkylaluminium)In the gas phase and in presence of catalytic quantities of trialkylaluminium diolefins having the double bonds separated by one or two methylene groups undergo nearly quantitative cyclization to methylenecyclopentane and in a second step to methylcyclopentene derivatives. Experiments were carried out in the temperature range 150 to 250°C in „Teflon“-coated reaction vessels. Unter the experimental conditions given, the reaction appears to be largely homogeneous in nature and follows pseudounimolecular kinetics. The reaction mechanism is discussed.
    Notes: Diolefine mit einer oder zwei Methylengruppen zwischen den Doppelbindungen können in der Gasphase in Anwesenheit katalytischer Mengen von geeignetem, gasförmigem Trialkylaluminium nahezu quantitativ in die entsprechenden Methylencyclopentan- und sekundär in die Methylcyclopentenderivate isomerisiert werden. Die Versuche wurden im Temperaturbereich 150-250°C in Reaktionsgefäßen mit inaktivem Oberflächenbelag („Teflon“) durchgeführt. Bei den gewählten experimentellen Bedingungen scheint die Reaktion pseudo-unimolekular und weitgehend homogen zwischen den freien Molekülen in der Gasphase zu verlaufen. Der Reaktionsmechanismus wird besprochen.
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  • 41
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Syntheses with α-Metalated Isocyanides, XXVIII1).  -  Oxazoles Unsubstituted in Position 2 from α-Metalated Isocyanides and Acylating ReagentsThe oxazoles 6 unsubstituted in position 2 (see table 1) are obtained from the α-metalated isocyanides 2 and acylating reagents such as the acid chlorides 3, the ethyl carboxylates 4 or the amides 5. Intermediates are the β-ketoisocyanides 7 which cyclize either in situ or during workup.  -  From potassium ethyl isocyanopropionate (12) and enolisable acyl chlorides the 5-alkylidene-4-methyloxazoline-4-carboxylates 15 are formed.  -  Reaction of potassium ethyl isocyanoacetate (2a, M =K) with 0.5 equivalents ethyl chloroformate affords the potassium diethyl isocyanomalonate (8, R1 = CO2C2H5, R2 = OC2H5) which can be alkylated in situ by alkyl halides to the diethyl α-alkyl-α-isocyanomalonates 16, the precursors of higher amino acids.
    Notes: Die in 2-Stellung unsubstituierten Oxazole 6 (vgl. Tabelle 1) erhält man aus den α-metallierten Isocyaniden 2 und Acylierungsmitteln wie den Säurechloriden 3, den Carbonsäureestern 4 oder den Carbonsäureamiden 5. Zwischenstufen sind die β-Ketoisocyanide 7, die entweder in situ oder beim Aufarbeiten cyclisieren.  -  Aus Kalium-2-isocyanpropionsäure-äthylester (12) und enolisierbaren Carbonsäurechloriden entstehen die 5-Alkyliden-4-methyloxazolin-4-carbonsäure-äthylester 15.  -  Aus Kalium-isocyanessigsäure-äthylester (2a, M = K) und 0.5 Äquivalenten Chlorameisensäure-äthylester erhält man Kalium-isocyanmalonsäure-diäthylester (8, R1 = CO2C2H5, R2 = OC2H5), der in situ mit Alkylhalogeniden zu den α-Alkyl-α-isocyanmalonsäure-diäthylestern 16 umzusetzen ist, den Vorstufen für höhere Aminosäuren.
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  • 42
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: [η-(l,2-Dihaloethylene)]tetracarbonyliron Complexes: UV Spectra and Photochemical Transformation to μ, -[1-η: 1-2-η-(trans-2-halovinyl)-μ-halobis(tricarbonyliron)(Fe-Fe) ComplexesThe UVspectra of olefintetracarbonyliron complexes reveal a strong absorption band at 34000 to 37000 cm-1, whose nature is discussed. Electronic excitation of L-Fe(CO)4 (L = cis-and trans-l,2-dibromoethylene, cis-l-bromo-2-fluoroethylene, cis- and trans-1,2-dichloroethylene) in this region leads to the elimination of L as well as of CO. L-Fe(CO)3 yields (halovinyl)tetracarbonyliron halides via intramolecular insertion of iron into a carbon- halogen bond and subsequent CO addition. Further reaction with Fe(CO)4 results in the formation of μ-[1-η : 1 -2-η-(trans-2-halovinyl)]-μ-halobis(tricarbonyliron)(Fe  -  Fe) complexes.
    Notes: Die UV-Spektren von Olefintetracarbonyleisen-Komplexen zeigen im Bereich von 34000 bis 37000 cm-1 eine starke Absorptionsbande, deren Natur diskutiert wird. Elektronische Anregung von L - Fe(CO)4 (L = cis- und trans-l,2-Dibromäthylen, cis-1 -Brom-2-fluoräthylen, cis- und trans-1,2-Dichloräthylen) in diesem Bereich führt zur Abspaltung sowohl von L als auch von CO. L-Fe(CO)3 liefert unter intramolekularer Einscheibung des Eisens in eine C - Halogen-Bindung und nachfolgender CO-Anlagerung (Halogenvinyl)tetracarbonyleisenhalogenide, deren weitere Reaktion mit Fe(CO)4 zu μ-[l -η : 1 -2-η-(trans-2-Halogenvinyl)]-μ-halogenbis(tricarbonyleisen)(Fe  - Fe)-Komplexen führt.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 43
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Organometallic Compounds of Group ITI, XXVI1) -  Relative Reactivities of Alkynes towards Hydroalumination and their Significance for the π-Complex ProblemThe hydroalumination of a series of alkynes of the types, R-C≡C-R (R=C6H5,p-CH3C6H4, n-C3H7, n-C4H9, t-C4H9), R-C≡C-H (R=n-C6H13, n-C8H17, C6H5),c -C6H11-C≡C-CH3, and C6H5-C≡C-E [E=CH3, t-C4H9, SC2H5, Si(CH3)3, N(CH3)2,Al(C6H5)2] was investigated in order to evaluate the steric and polar effects of substituents on the reactivity of these alkynes. Consideration of the relative rates of hydroalumination, the cis, trans nature of the addition and the regiospecificity leads to the conclusion that monomeric dialkylaluminium hydride attacks the alkyne electrophilically in the rate-determining step to give a transition state best approximated by a π-complex. If an intermediate is subsequently formed it would have to collapse relatively rapidly to the cis-adduct. Support for a π-complex-type structure is gleaned from crystallographic data recently obtained on dimeric diphenyl(phenylethynyl)aluminium.
    Notes: Die Hydroaluminierung einer Reihe von Alkinen folgender Typen, R-C ≡C-R (R=C6H5,p-CH3C6H4, n-C3H7, n-C4H9, t-C4H9), R-C=C-H (R=n-C6H13, n-C8H17, C6H5),c -C6H11-C≡C -CH3 und C6H5-C≡C-E [E=CH3, t-C4H9, SC2H5, Si(CH3)3, N(CH3)2,Al(C6H5)2], wurde untersucht, urn die sterischen und polaren Beiträge der Substituenten auf die Alkinreaktivitäten zu ermitteln. Die Berücksichtigung der relativen Anlagerungsgeschwindigkeiten sowie der cis-trans-Isomerie der Produkte und der Richtung der A1  -  H-Addition an die C≡C-Bindung führt zu dem Schluß, daß im geschwindigkeitsbestimmenden Schritt monomeres elektrophiles Dialkylaluminiumhydrid das Alkin unter Ausbildung eines Übergangszustandes angreift, dessen Struktur der eines π-Komplexes sehr ähnlich ist. Sollte anschließend ein Zwischenprodukt entstehen, so muß dieses relativ schnell in das cis-Addukt übergehen. Als Stütze für die Struktur eines solchen π-Komplexes werden die kürzlich berichteten röntgenographisch ermittelten Daten des dimeren Diphenyl(phenyläthinyl)aluminiums herangezogen.
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  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1975 (1975), S. 581-585 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Peptides 961).  -  Synthesis of Some 2-(p-Biphenylyl)isopropyloxycarbonyl Amino Acid DerivativesThe synthesis of N-[2-(p-biphenylyl)isopropyloxycarbonyl]cysteinyl derivatives with the four different thiolprotecting groups tetrahydropyranyl (Thp) for 1, diphenylmethy1 (Dpm) for 2, trityl (Trt) for 3, and S-tert.-butyl (SBut) for 4 as well as the preparation of the activated esters of the Bpoc derivatives of glycine (5), isoleucine (6), and proline (7) are described. As it is demonstrated in one case Bpoc-azide reacts with the free amino function of peptides yielding the correspondent Bpoc-protected peptide derivative.
    Notes: Die Darstellung der N-[2-(p-Biphenylyl)isopropyloxycarbonyl]-Derivate (Bpoc-Derivate) des Cysteins unter Verwendung der Thiolschutzgruppen Tetrahydropyranyl (Thp) für 1, Diphenylmethyl (Dpm) für 2, Trityl (Trt) für 3 und S-tert.-Butyl (SBut) für 4 sowie die Synthese von aktivierten Estern der Bpoc-Derivate des Glycins (5), Isoleucins (6) und Prolins (7) werden beschrieben. An einem Beispiel wird die Möglichkeit aufgezeigt, die Bpoc-Gruppe über das Bpoc-Azid nachträglich in den Peptidverband einzuführen.
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  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1975 (1975), S. 600-603 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: 8b,22b: 11 b, 19b-Di(2,2'-biphenyldiyl)-Sb, 11 b, 19b, 22b-tetrahydrohexabenzo[a,c,fg,j,l,op]-naphthacene, an Aromatic Bis(propellane)A cyclizing Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement converts the dialcohol 2 into the propellane 5. The aliphatic C - C bonds in this hexaphenylethane derivative cannot be cleaved by alkali metals.
    Notes: Aus dem Dialkohol 2 lieβ sich über eine cyclisierende Wagner-Meerwein-Umlagerung das Propellan 5 synthetisieren. Die aliphatischen C  -  C-Bindungen dieses Hexaphenyläthanderivates ließen sich mit Alkalimetallen nicht spalten.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 46
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Bis(trimethyltin) Benzopinacolate, Its Reversible Radical Dissociation and ReactionsBenzopinacol derivatives Ph2C(OMMe3)-CPh2(OMMe3), M = Sn (l), Si (6), Ge (7), have been prepared from benzophenone and either distannane, Ge- Hg compounds 8 or Si -  Hg compounds 5, at room temperature with the aid of long-wavelength UV light. Their dissociation to the ketyl-type radicals Ph2C'(OMMe3) is effected with remarkable ease [Δ = 23 (for 1)27 (for 7), 3 1 (for 6), ∓ 2 kcal/mol]. It is shown that the main reason for this is not resonance stabilization of the radical by the OMMe3 group, but steric pressure in the highly stressed ethane molecule.  -  1 undergoes fragmentation above 60°C forming benzophenone and stannyl radicals, which participate in SH2γ reactions with the allyl system for example. 1 reacts much more quickly with for example O2,I2, some alkyl halides, carbonyl, peroxy, and azo compounds; these can formally be considered as abstraction or addition reactions of stannyl radicals. A cryptoradical mechanism is proposed which involves no free stannyl radicals; the reagent directly attacks 1 or 2, benzophenone acting as a low energy leaving group.
    Notes: Benzpinakolderivate Ph2C(OMMe3)-CPh2(OMMe3), M = Sn (1), Si (6), Ge (7), werden mittels langwelligen UV-Lichts aus Benzophenon und Distannan bzw. Ge -Hg-Verbindungen 8 oder Si -Hg-Verbindungen 5 bei Raumtemperatur dargestellt. Sie dissoziieren überraschend leicht zu ketylanalogen Radikalen Ph2C′(OMMe3) [ΔH = 23 (bei 1), 27 (bei 7), 31 (bei 6),∓ 2 kcal/mol]. Es wird gezeigt, daß Hauptursache hierfür nicht eine Mesomeriestabilisierung des Radikals durch die OMMe3-Gruppe, sondern der sterische Druck im hochsubstituierten Äthanmolekül ist.  -  1 fragmentiert ab 60°C zu Benzophenon und Stannylradikalen, die z. B. SH2γhyphen;Reaktionen am Allylsystem bewirken. Sehr vie1 schneller reagiert 1 z. B. mit O2, J2,verschiedenen Alkylhalogeniden, Carbonyl-, Peroxy- und Azoverbindungen, wobei formal Stannylradikale Abstraktionen oder Additionen eingehen. Ein kryptoradikalischer Mechanismus ohne Auftreten freier Stannylradikale, mit direktem Angriff des Partners auf 1 bzw. 2 und Benzophenon als energiearmer Austrittsgruppe, wird vorgeschlagen.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 47
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1975 (1975) 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 48
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1975 (1975), S. 611-616 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Derivatives of Methylenedioxybenzene, XXXVII. - Synthesis of Benzotris[l,f]dioxoleThe preparation of benzotris[l,3]dioxol (5) via 3,4-(methylenedioxy)pyrocatechol (1d) and benzo[l,2-d: 3,4-d′]bis[l,3]dioxole-4,5-diole (2j) is described.
    Notes: Benzotris[l,3]dioxol (5) wird über die Stufen des 3,4-(Methylendioxy)brenzkatechins (1 d) und des Benzo[l,2-d: 3,4-d′]bis[l,3]dioxol-4,5-diols (2 j) dargestellt.
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  • 49
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1975 (1975), S. 605-610 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Diyne Reaction, XXXI 1). - Synthesis of Benzo[c]thiophenequinones2,5-Dimethylthiophene-3,4-dicarbaldehyde (1) reacts with phenylethynylmagnesium bromide via the diol 2 to give the o-diketo diyne derivative 3. The quinone 4 is formed by thermal isomerization of 3. With tris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium(I) chloride, 3 gives the Rh-complex 5. The reaction of 5 with acetylenes and chalcogens affords the quinones 6-10. With nitro-sobenzene, the o-dibenzoylquinone 11 is formed.
    Notes: 2,5-Dimethylthiophen-3,4-dicarbaldehyd (1) reagiert mit Phenyläthinylmagnesiumbromid über das Diol 2 zu dem o-Diketo-diin-Derivat 3. Durch thermische Isomerisierung von 3 erhält man das Chinon 4. Mit Tris(triphenylphosphin)rhodium(I)-chlorid bildet sich aus 3 der Rh-Komplex 5. Die Umsetzung des Komplexes 5 mit Acetylenen und Chalkogenen liefert die Chinone 6-10. Mit Nitrosobenzol entsteht das o-Dibenzoylchinon 11.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 50
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Forms of Existence and Reactivity of Oligobutadienyllithium Compounds in Hydrocarbon SolutionsThe kinetics of the reaction between oligobutadienyllithium (1) and butadiene in 2,2,4-tri- methylpentane is characterized by a drastic change in the order of reaction with respect to 1 in the concentration range of ca. 10-2 mol/liter. It is negative (- 1/2) above and positive (1/4) below this concentration. Taking into account the tetrameric form of 1 in hydrocarbon media this phenomenon suggests that in the given concentration ranges the reaction is induced by di- and monomeric forms, respectively, of the dissoziation products of 1. This conclusion is in accord with the nature of the structural variation of polybutadiene with the concentration of 1.
    Notes: Die Kinetik der Reaktion zwischen Oligobutadienyllithium (1) und Butadien in 2.2.4-Trimethylpentan wird durch eine scharfe Änderung der Reaktionsordnung in bezug auf 1 bei dessen Konzentration von etwa 10-2 mol/Liter gekennzeichnet; sie ist oberhalb dieser Konzentration negativ (- 1/2), unterhalb positiv (1/4). Bei Berücksichtigung des tetrameren Zustands von 1 in Kohlenwasserstofflösungen heißt das, daß in den entsprechenden Konzentrationsbereichen dissoziierte Dimere oder Monomere reagieren. Dies steht in Einklang mit der Abhängigkeit der Struktur der Polybutadiene von der Konzentration der Verbindung 1.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 51
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1975 (1975), S. 626-635 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Diazoalkane Complexes of Nickel(0) and Palladium(0) and Their Relevance to Carbenoid ReactionsA series of diazoalkane complexes with the composition ML2(diazoalkane) [M = Ni, Pd; L = tBuNC, PPh3; diazoalkane = 9-diazofluorene or diphenyldiazomethane] have been prepared and characterized, and their thermolysis and displacement reactions investigated. The nickel complexes catalyse a carbenoid reaction which leads to ketenimine formation. A carbene complex having the formula Pd(PPh3)2(C13H8) was obtained by low temperature thermolysis of Pd(PPh3)2(9-diazofluorene).
    Notes: Eine Reihe von Diazoalkankomplexen mit der Zusammensetzung ML2(Diazoalkan) [M = Ni, Pd; L = tBuNC, PPh3; Diazoalkan = 9-Diazofluoren oder Diphenyldiazomethan] wurde dargestellt und charakterisiert; ihre Thermolyse- sowie Verdrängungsreaktionen wurden untersucht. Die Nickelkomplexe katalysieren eine Carbenoidreaktion, die zur Keteniminbildung führt. Tieftemperaturthermolyse von Pd(PPh3)2(9-Diazofluoren) lieferte einen Carbenkomplex der Zusammensetzung Pd(PPh3)2(C13H8).
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 52
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1975 (1975), S. 636-641 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactions of Methylaluminium Compounds with Benzyl CyanideMethylaluminium dichloride and dimethylaluminium chloride react with benzyl cyanide via elimination of methane and formation of N-aluminio-substituted benzyl cyanide dimer 3 and N-aluminio-substituted trimers 6 and 8. In addition an N-aluminioketimine 2 is formed by rearrangement of the donor-acceptor complex 1 of the methylaluminium compound with benzyl cyanide. The effect of reactant molar ratio on the reactions was studied and relevant mechanisms are suggested and discussed.
    Notes: Methylaluminiumdichlorid und Dimethylaluminiumchlorid reagieren mit Benzylcyanid unter Abspaltung von Methan zum N-Aluminio-substituierten Benzylcyanid-Dimer 3 sowie zu den N-Aluminio-substituierten Trimeren 6 und 8. Es wird dabei unter Umwandlung des primär entstehenden Donator-Acceptor-Komplexes 1 das N-Aluminioketimin 2 gebildet. Der Einfluß des Molverhältnisses der Reaktanten auf den Reaktionsablauf wird untersucht; Reaktionsmechanismen werden vorgeschlagen und diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 53
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1975 (1975), S. 642-649 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Thermal Skeletal Isomerization of the Addition Products of HAl(i-C4H9)2 and 1,4-PentadienesThe products 1a and 2a obtained by adding HA1(i-C4H9)2 to 1,4-pentadiene isomerize above 140°C yielding 2-methylbutane after hydrolysis and 2-methyl-l,4-butanediyldiacetate after oxidation and acetolysis of the reaction mixture. The hydroalumination products 1b-1d and 2b/3b of 2-methyl-, 2,4-dimethyl- and 3,3-dimethyl-l,4-pentadiene also undergo the same isomerization reactions and form upon hydrolysis 2,3-dimethyl-, 2,2,3-trimethylbutane and 2,3-dimethylpentane. The intermediate formation of 6-ring aluminium heterocycles (such as 4) and their rearrangement to 5-ring heterocycles (such as 5) is proposed as reaction mechanism.
    Notes: Die Additionsprodukte 1a und 2a von HAl(iso-C4H9)2 an 1,4-Pentadien unterliegen oberhalb 140°C der Isomerisierung, wobei 2-Methylbutan nach Hydrolyse und 2-Methyl-l.4- butandiyldiacetet nach Oxidation und Acetolyse des Reaktionsgemisches entstehen. Auch die Hydroaluminierungsprodukte 1b-1d und 2b/3b von 2-Methyl-, 2,4-Dimethyl- und 3,3- Dimethyl-l,4-pentadien sind in geringerem Umfang analogen Isomerisierungen zugänglich, wobei nach Hydrolyse 2,3-Dimethyl-, 2,2,3-Trimethylbutan bzw. 2,3-Dimethylpentan erhalten werden. Als Reaktionsmechanismus wird die intermediäre Bildung aluminiumorganischer 6-Ring-Heterocyclen (z. B. 4) und deren unter Strukturisomerisierung verlaufende Ringverengung zu 5-Ring-Heterocyclen (z. B. 5) vorgeschlagen.
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  • 54
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Thermal Rearrangements, I. - Preparation and Thermal Isomerization of trans- and cis 5,6-Divinyl-cis-cycloocteneThermal isomerization of 1,5,9-cyclododecatrienes produces, in addition to the isomers of 1,2,4-trivinylcyclohexane, two new products formed by ring contraction which have been identified as trans- and cis-5,6-divinyl-cis-cyclooctene (9) and (10). Under favourable conditions (450°C; conversion about 10%) the yield of these products is over 50%. Above 200°C retro-rearrangements are observed: The trans-isomer (9) gives rise to trans-l,trans-5,cis-9 cyclododecatriene (2) whereas the cis-isomer (10) yields trans-1,cis-5,cis-9-cyclododecatriene (3). - The kinetics of the rearrangement have been studied and on the basis of the parameters obtained as well as the high stereoselectivity it is concluded that both ring-expansion reactions occur as Cope rearrangements involving four-centered overlap in the transition state.
    Notes: Neben den bekannten 1,2,4-Trivinylcyclohexanen erhält man durch thermische Isomerisierung von 1,5,9-Cyclododecatrienen bei ca. 450°C und bei einem Umsatz von etwa 10% in Anteilen von über 50% als Produkte einer Ringverengung trans- und cis-5,6-Divinyl-cis-cycloocten (9 bzw. 10). Bereits wenig oberhalb 200°C entsteht im Sinne einer Rückumlagerung aus dem trans-Isomeren (9) das trans-1, trans-5, cis-9-Cyclododecatrien (2) und aus der cis-Verbindung (10) trans-1, cis-5,cis-9-Cyclododecatrien (3). - Aus der hohen Stereoselektivität und den ermittelten kinetischen Parametern dieser Umlagerungen wird gefolgert, daß beide Ringerweiterungsreaktionen als Cope-Umlagerung mit Vierzentren-Überlappung im Übergangszustand ablaufen.
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  • 55
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1975 (1975), S. 660-671 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Syntheses with Cyclic Mono-or Dialkynes and Butadiene; Ring Expansion by 4, 8, and 16 C-AtomsCyclic mono- and dialkynes can be co-oligomerized with two or four molecules of butadiene to di- and tricyclic cis-1,cis-4,trans-7-cyclodecatriene derivatives. Cyclododecyne, 1,8-cyclotetradecadiyne, and 5-oxa-1,8-cyclotetradecadiyne have been subjected to such reaction. Partial hydrogenation of the ten-membered rings formed and their oxidative cleavage to di- and tetraketones lead to a ring enlargement by 8 or 16 carbon atoms. It is shown using as example the cyclodecatriene derivative formed from cyclododecyne and two molecules of butadiene, that the same reactions lead (after thermal rearrangement of the ten-membered rings to the correspondending cis-4,5-divinylcyclohexenes) to a ring enlargement by 4 C-atoms and simultaneous introduction of two ethyl groups.
    Notes: An Nickel-Ligand-Katalysatoren lassen sich cyclische Mono- und Dialkine mit zwei oder vier Molekülen Butadien zu di- bzw. tricyclischen cis-1, cis-4, trans-7-Cyclodecatrienderivaten verknüpfen. Als Alkine wurden Cyclododecin, 1,8-Cyclotetradecadiin und 5-Oxa-1,8-cyclotetradecadiin eingesetzt. Partielle Hydrierung der gebildeten Zehnringe und deren oxidative Spaltung zu Di- oder Tetraketonen führt zu einer Ringerweiterung um 8 bzw. 16 C-Atome. Am Beispiel des Cyclodecatrienderivates aus Cyclododecin und zwei Molekülen Butadien wird gezeigt, daß die gleichen Reaktionen nach thermischer Umlagerung der Zehnringe in die entsprechenden cis-4,5-Divinylcyclohexene zu einer Ringerweiterung um 4 C-Atome und gleichzeitiger Einführung einer Diäthylgruppierung führen.
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  • 56
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: A Route to 2,6-DihydroxypiperidinesThe acylalkylpyridinium salts 1 react with aldehydes and ammonia (and also methylamine) in the molar ratio 2: 1 : 1 to yield about 60 0; of !2,6-dihydroxy-3,5-piperidinediyl)dipyridinium salts 5. The compound 5c was also prepared independently. On loss of one mole of water, these compounds are transformed into the (I,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3,5-pyridinediyl)dipyridinium salts 9, and, after losing a second mole of water, the corresponding 1.4-dihydro derivatives 6 are obtained. The 1,4-dihydro derivatives 6 can easily be dehydrogenated to form the 3.5- pyridinediyldipyridinium compounds 10 which readily undergo ring cleavage to yield the 3,5-pyridinediamines 11 and the glutaconaldehyde derivative 12. Excess of piperidine effects chain shortening of the latter compound.
    Notes: Aus den Acylalkylpyridiniumsalzen 1, Aldehyden und Ammoniak (auch Methylamin) im Verhältnis 2 : 1 : 1 entstehen in ca. 60proz. Ausbeute die (2,6-Dihydroxy-3,5-piperidindiyl)- dipyridiniumsalze 5. Die Verbindung 5c wurde auch auf einem unabhängigen Wege erhalten. Diese Verbindungen spalten ein mol Wasser zu den (132,3,4-Tetrahydro-3,5-pyridin- diyl)dipyridiniumsalzen 9, weiterhin leicht ein zweites mol Wasser zu den entsprechenden 1,4-Dihydroderivaten 6 ab. Diese lassen sich zu den 3,5-Pyridindiyldipyridinumverbindungen 10 dehydrieren, die glatt zu den sonst schwer zugänglichen 3.5-Pyridindiaminen 11 und dem Glutaconaldehydderivat 12 aufspaltbar sind. Mit einem Überschuß an Piperidin erleidet letzteres eine Kettenverkürzung.
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  • 57
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1975 (1975), S. 1162-1175 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Additions of Di-tert-butylzinc to OlefinsDi-tert.-butylzinc (1) adds to 1-alkenes and 1,3-diolefins between-20 and + 75°C. Reaction with ethylene (2) affords bis(3,3-dimethylbuthyl)zinc (9). Propene (3), isobutene (4) and 1-octene (5) react with 1 to give the [1:1]-addition products 15, 23 and 17 (or, after hydrolysis, 16, 24 and 18) as the result of metal addition to C-2. In the case of 3 and 5 it has been shown that the extent of addition of the metal to C-1 to give 11 and 13 is ca. 1-2%. Butadiene (8) reacts with 1 (molar ratio 2:1) at ca. -20 to 10°C to give bis(5,5-dimethyl-2-hexenyl)zinc (27) as a mixture of cis and trans isomers (ca. 1:2). A large excess of 8 leads, at 20 to 40°C, to the addition of more than 1 mol of butadiene per Zn-C bond and the products (after hydrolysis) include 3,6,6-trimethyl-4-vinyl-1heptene (31). With 1 mol sytrene (6), [1:1]-adducts are formed only at ca. 15°C. In other cases the product after hydrolysis is a mixture of the phenylalkanes and-alkenes 36, 38 and 34, as well as polystyrene; 70-90% of the Zn employed is recovered as metal.
    Notes: Di-tert.-butylzink (1) addiert sich zwischen - 20 und +75°C an 1-Alkene und 1,3-Diolefine. Mit Äthylen (2) entstehen Bis(3,3-dimethylbutyl)zink (9), mit Propen (3), Isobuten (4) und mit 1-Octen (5) (unter Metalladdition an C-2) die [1:1]-Addukte 15, 23 bzw. 17 sowie aus diesen nach Hydrolyse die Kohlenwasserstoffe 16, 24 bzw. 18. Das Ausmaß der Addition des Metalls an das C-1 ist bei 3 und 5 nur etwa 1-2%. Mit Butadien (8) reagiert 1 bei einem Molverhältnis von 2:1 bei ca. -20 bis 10°C zu Bis(5,5-dimethyl-2-hexenyl)zink (27), das als cis-trans-Gemisch (ca. 1:2) Vorliegt. Mit einem größeren Überschuß an 8 werden zwischen 20 und 40°C mehr als 1 mol Butadien pro Zn-C-Bindung addiert. Nach Hydrolyse wird u. a. 3,6,6-Trimethyl-4-vinyl-1hepten (31) erhalten. Mit Styrol (6) entstehen nur bei ca. 15°C [1:1]-Addukte, sonst Gemische von Phenylalkanen und -alkenen 36, 38 und 34 neben Styrolpolymerisaten; 70-90% des eingesetzten Zn fallen als Metall aus.
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  • 58
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Polyhalogenated Bicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1,5,7-trienes, VI1). -Cyclodimerization of 2-Bromo-1,1,4-trichloro-1-buten-3-yne and 1,1,4-Trichloro-2-methyl-1-buten-3-yneThermal dimerization of the butenynes 1c, d to the bicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1,5,7-trienen 3c,d (α-dimers) and further rearrangements of these compounds into the benzocyclobutenes 2c,d (β0dimers) and cyclooctatetraenes 8a,b (γ-dimers) are described. The methyl substituted α-dimer 3d aromatizes much more easily to the β-dimer than the analogous perhalogenated systems 3a-c. The position of the methyl groups in 3d is proved by hydrolysis of 2d to 7b and oxidation to 9b. Compound 3c was converted into the benzonitrile 4 by ammonia.
    Notes: Die thermische Dimerisierung der Butenine 1c,d zu den Bicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1,5,7-trienen 3c,d (α-Dimere) wird beschrieben. Die Verbindungen lagern sich weiter in die Benzocyclobutene 2c,d (β-Dimere) und in die Cyclooctatetraene 8a, b (γ-Dimere) um. Die Methylgruppen in 3d, deren Stellung durch Hydrolyse von 2d zu 7b und weitere Oxidation zu 9b bewiesen wird, setzen die thermische Stabilität stark herab. Verbindung 3d aromatisiert viel leichter zum β-Dimeren als ihre perhalogenierten Analogen 3a-c. die Ammoniakreaktion von 3c führt zum Benzonitril 4.
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  • 59
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Chemistry of Heterocyclic Pseudobasic Aminoalcohols, XXXVII1).  -  A New Type of Isoquinoline Ring Formation by DisproportionationOn heating with primary aliphatic amines in aqueous alcohol cotarnone (1) undergoes ring closure combined with a redox disproportionation to give the tetrahydroisoquinoline 10 and the terrahydroisoquinolone 11. The compounds 10 and 11 are not formed by a transformation of the pseudobase 9.
    Notes: Beim Erwärmen mit aliphatischen primären Aminen in wäßrigem Alkohol ergibt Cotarnon (1) in einer Ringschlußreaktion unter Redox-Disproportionierung das Tetrahydrioisochinolin 10 und das Tetrahydroisochinolon 11 Die Möglichkeit der Entstehung von 10 und 11 durch Umwandlung der Pseudobase 9 wurde ausgeschlossen.
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  • 60
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Peptides, 99. Monomeric Cyclic Cystine Peptide Derivatives, III. - Synthesis of Sheep Insulin A-chain Sequences A2 - 21 and A1 - 21 as Monomeric Cyclic Dicystine Peptide DerivativesThe synthesis of the sheep-insulin A-chain sequences A1 - 21 and A2 - 21 as monomeric cyclic dicystine peptide derivatives is described. Fully protected A-chain derivatives have previously eluded purification owing to their insolubility in organic solvents. This difficulty was overcome by the use of the intrachain cystine bridges A6 - 7 and A11 - 20, miking the derivatives 13 and 15 fully soluble in dimethylformamide. The protecting groups of these derivatives 13 and 15 are quantitatively removed using trifluoracetic acid and 2-mercapto- ethanol.
    Notes: Die Synthese der Sequenzen A2 - 21 (13) und A1 - 21 (15) der Schafinsulin-A-Kette als monomere cyclische Dicystinpeptidderivate wird beschrieben. Die intrachenaren Cystinbrücken A6 - 7 und A 11  - 20 vermitteln die Löslichkeit dieser Derivate in Dimethylformamid und ermöglichen erstmalig die Reindarstellung vollgeschützter Insulin-A-Kettenderivate. Die während der Synthese eingesetzten Schutzgruppen lassen sich mittels Trifluoressigsäure und 2-Mercaptoäthanol quantitativ entfernen.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 61
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis of Metal Chelates of 4-(p-Cumenyl)-4-hydroxy-3-buten-2-one, 1,6-Diphenyl-1,3,4,6- hexantetraone, and 1,6-Di(p-cumenyl)-l,3,4,6-hexanetetraoneThe metal chelates of Cu2+, Ni2+, Co2+, Fe2+ and Fe3+ with 4-(p-cumenyl)-4-hydroxy-3-buten- 2-on (1) are prepared, as are those of Cu2+, Ni2+, Fe2+ and Fe3+ with 1,6-diphenyl-l,3,4,6- hexanetetraone (6), and those of Fe2f and Fe3+ with 1,6-di(p-cumenyl)-l,3,4,6-hexanetetraone (7).
    Notes: Die Metallchelate von Cu2+, Ni2+, Co2+, Fe2+ und Fe3+ mit 4-(p-Cumyl-4-hydroxy-3-buten- 2-on (l), von Cu2+, Ni2+, Fe2+ und Fe3+ mit 1,6-Diphenyl-1,3,4,6-hexantetraon (6) und die Chelate von Fe2+ und Fe3+ mit 1,6-Di(p-cumyl)-l,3,4,6-hexantetraon (7) wurden dargestellt.
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  • 62
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1975 (1975), S. 1618-1624 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Thiazole Compounds, II. - Synthesis of 5-Thiazolyl Triphenylphosphoranylidenehydrazonomethyl KetonesReaction of triphenylphosphine with diazomethyl 2-phenyl-5-thiazolyl ketone (4) and Z-aryl- 4-methyl-5-thiazolyl diazomethyl ketones 5a- d and f yields in the former case phosphoranylidenehydrazones 6 and in the latter 7a-d and f. The phosphoranylidenehydrazones formed on reaction with 2-aryl-4-thiazolyl diazomethyl ketones 2a- e under the same conditions could not be isolated. The kinetic data as well as the activation parameters of hydrolysis, and thermal decomposition of the triphenylphosphoranylidenehydrazone 7a have been determined.
    Notes: (Diazomethyl)(2-phenyl-5-thiazolyl)keton (4) und (2-Aryl-4-methyl-5-thiazolyl)(diazomethyl)- ketone 5a- d und f bilden mit Triphenylphosphin die Phosphoranylidenhydrazone 6 bzw. 7a- d und f. (2-Aryl-4-thiazolyl)(diazomethyl)ketone 2a- e bilden unter den gleichen Bedingungen Phosphoranylidenhydrazone, die nicht isoliert werden konnten. Es wurden kinetische Daten und Aktivierungsparameter der Hydrolyse und thermischen Zersetzung des Triphenylphosphoranylidenhydrazons 7a bestimmt.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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  • 63
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1975 (1975), S. 1658-1666 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis and Properties of Some D-Glucose 2,4-Dinitrophenyl EthersHydroxy groups of D-glucose derivatives react with I-Ruoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene to give the corresponding 2,4-dinitrophenyl ethers. They are stable towards strong acids (fcr example 6 N H2So4); with 0.1 N sodium methoxide they rapidly cleaved to the initial carbohydrate. In very weakly basic solution migration of 2,4-dinitrophenyl groups is observed.
    Notes: Hydroxygruppen einiger D-Glucosederivate werden mit I-Fluor-2,4-dinitrobenzol zu den entsprechenden 2,4-Dinitrophenylathern umgesetzt. Diese sind stabil gegenüber starken Säuren (2. B. 6 N H2So4); mit 0.1 N Natriummethylat werden sie rasch unter Rückbildung des Ausgangszuckers gespalten. In sehr schwach basischer Lösung wird eine Wanderung von 2,4-Dinitrophenylgruppen beobachtet.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 64
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1975 (1975), S. 1625-1636 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Boron Compounds, XXXIV. - 2-Ethyl-1,3,2-dioxaboracycloalkanes from Alkanediols and Activated TriethylboraneThe 1,2- and 1,3-bis(diethylboryloxy)alkanes 3a- c and 4a-c which are easily prepared from the 1,2- and 1,3-alkanediols 1a -c and 2a- c, respectively, give the 2-ethyl-1,3,2- dioxaboracyclopentanes 5a-c and -hexanes 6a-c a t 150°C (Route I). The compounds 5 and 6 can also be prepared directly from equimolar amounts of activated triethylborane and the alkanediols 1 und 2 in 85-95% yield (Route 11). At room temperature 5 and 6 are also formed from 3 and 4 with ethyldiborane (Route 111). 1,3,8,10-Tetraoxa-2,9-diboracyclo- tetradecane (7) and 1,3,9,1 l-tetraoxa-2,10-diboracyclohexadecane (8) result from heating 1,4-butanediol and 1,5-pentanediol, respectively, with activated triethylborane. - Triethyl- borane is eliminated at various rates from the three cis/trans-bis(diethy1boryloxy)cyclohexanes at 200°C. The cis-1,2 and cis-1,3 compounds yield the bicyclic 2-ethyl-1,3,2-dioxabora derivatives 9 and 10, respectively. The bicyclic 11 is however only obtained in low yield from the cis-1,4 compound, mainly higher molecular weight products being formed. The trans- cyclohexanediols react with intermolecular elimination of triethylborane. - The compounds 5 and 6 react with methanol giving the diols 5 and 2 and ethyldimethoxyborane. The cis/ trans-1,2- and cis/trans-1,3-cyclohexanediols can be easily separated via the 2-ethyl-l,3,2- dioxaboracycloalkanes.
    Notes: Die aus den 1,2- und 1,3-Alkandiolen 1a -c bzw. 2a-c leicht zugänglichen 1,2- und 1,3- Bis(diäthylboryloxy)alkane 3a- c bzw. 4a- c liefern bei 150°C die 2-Äthyl-1,3,2-dicxabora- cyclopentane 5a- c bzw. die -hexane 6a-c (Weg I). Die Verbindungen 5 und 6 lassen sich auch direkt aus liquimolaren Mengen von aktiviertem Triäthylboran und den Alkandiolen 1 bzw. 2 bei ca. 150°C in 85- bis 95proz. Ausbeute gewinnen (Weg 11). Bei Raumtemp. sind 5 und 6 aus 3 und 4 mit Äthyldiboranen ebenfalls zugänglich (Weg 111). 1,4-Butandiol und 1,5-Pentandiol liefern beim Erhitzen mit aktiviertem Triäthylboran 1,3,8,10-Tetraoxa-2,9- diboracyclotetradecan (7) bzw. 1,3,9,1 l-Tetraoxa-2,10-diboracyclohexadecan (8). - Die drei cis-trans-Bis(diäthylboryloxy)cyclohexane spalten bei ca. 200°C unterschiedlich rasch Triathylboran ab. Aus den cis-1,2- und cis-1,3-Verbindungen erhält man die bicyclischen 2-Äthyl-1,3,2-dioxaboraderivate 9 und 10, aus der cis-1,4-Verbindung den Bicyclus 11 neben höhermolekularen Produkten. Die trans-Cyclohexandiole reagieren unter intermolekularer Abspaltung von Triäthylboran. - Die Verbindungen 5 und 6 reagieren mit Methanol zu den Diolen 1 und 2 neben Äthyl(dimethoxy)boran. - Die cis/trans -1,2- und cis/trans-1,3- Cyclohexandiole lassen sich über die 2-Äthyl-1,3,2-dioxaboracycloalkane präparativ leicht trennen.
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  • 65
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Heterocyclic Compounds from Sugars, VII. - Reactions of af-D-Galactose Derivatives with L-Cysteine. Stereochemistry of 2-(Polyhydroxyalkyl)thiazolidine-4-carboxylic AcidsThe structure of (2R)-D-galakto-l′,2′,3′,4′,5′-pentaacetoxypentylthiazolidine-(4R)-carboxylic acid (4), obtained on reaction of 2,3,4,5,6-penta-O-acetyl-nl-D-galactose (3) and L-cysteine (l), was ascertained by its 1H-NMR spectrum and chemical reactions. Esterification of 4 with diazoalkanes gives the esters 5-7; catalytic reduction of the benzyl ester 6 regenerates 4. Reaction of 4 with Raney-nickel gives 2,3,4,5,6-penta-O-acetyl-al-D-galactose hydrate (3. H2O); 2,3;4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-al-D-galactose (14) gives the expected (2Rb-thiazoli- dine-(4R)-carboxylic acid derivative (2R)-(′,2′,3′,4′-di-O-isopropylidene-D-galacto-penta- hydroxypentyl)thiazolidine-(4R)-carboxylic acid (15). Acetylation of (2R)-(≈-galacto-l′,2′,3′, 4′,5′-pentahydroxypentyl)thiazolidine-(4R)-carboxylic acid (2) in the presence of a large amount of perchloric acid resulted in epimerization at C-2, giving the 3-acetyl-(2S)-(D-galacto- 1′,2′,3′,4′,5′-pentaacetoxypentyl)thiazolidine-(4R)-carboxylic acid (18), probably via the carbanion 29. The stereochemistry of the product is confirmed by conversion into N-acetyl- N-(D-galacto-2,3,4,5,6-pentaacetoxyhexyl)-L-alanine methyl ester (23). - Chemical proof for the 2,4-cis configuration in (2/2,4R) substituted compounds is provided by the selective opening of the lactone ring in 3-acetyl-(2R)-(D-galacto-2′,3′,4′,5′-tetraacetoxypentyl)thiazolidine-(4R)-carbo-4- 1′-lactone (27); dimethylamine reacts with 27 to give 3-acetyl-2R)-(D- galacto- 1 ′-hydroxy-2′,3′.4′,5′-tetraacetoxypentyl)-N,N-dimethylthiazolidine-(4R)-carboxamide (30). which cannot be acetylated except under forcing conditions because of thesteric hindrance exerted by the dimzthylamido group.
    Notes: Bei der Reaktion von 2,3,4,5,6-Penta-O-acetyl-al-D-galaktose (3) und L-Cystein (1) entsteht (2R)-(D-galakto-l′,2′,3′,4′,5′-Pentaacetoxypentyl)thiazolidin-(4R)-carbonsäure (4), dessen Struktur durch 1H-NMR- und Massenspektren sowie Reaktionen gesichert ist. Mit Diazoalkanen bilden sich aus 4 die Ester 5-7. Die katalytische Reduktion des Benzylesters 6 führt wieder zu 4, der Abbau mit Raney-Nickel in Dioxan zu 2,3,4,5,6-Penta-O-acetyl-al-D- galaktose-hydrat (3. H2O). Es wird gezeigt, daß 2,3;4,5-Di-O-isopropyliden-al-D-galaktose (14) ebenfalls eine (2R)-Thiazolidin-(4R)-carbonsäure, nämlich (2R)-(1′,2′,3′,4′-Di-O-iso- propyliden-D-galakto-pentahydroxyphenyl)thiazolidin-(4R)-carbonsäure (15) liefert. Bei der Acetylierung von 2R)-(D-galakto-l′,2′,3′,4′,5′-Pentahydroxypentyl)thiazolidin-(4R)-carbonsäure (2) in Anwesenheit von viel Perchlorsäure wird eine Epimerisierungsreaktion am C-2 des Thiazolidinringes beobachtet, wobei die Bildung der 3-Acetyl-(2S)-(D-galakto-1′,2′,3′,4′,5′- pentaacetoxypentyl)thiazolidin-(4R)-carbonsäure (18) vermutlich über das Carbanion 29 verlauft. Die Konfiguration von 18 wird durch eine eindeutige Abbaureaktion zu N-Acetyl- N-D-galakto-2′,3′.4′,5′,6′-pentaacetoxyhexyl)-L-alanin-methylester (23) bewiesen. - Einen chemischen Beweis der cis-Stellung der Substituenten in den (2R,4R)-substituierten Verbindungen erbringt die selektive Öffnung des Lactonringes im 3-Acetyl-(2R)-(D-galakto-2′,3′,4′,5′- tetraacetoxypentyl)thiazolidin-(4R)-carbonsäure-4 - 1′-lacton (27); bei der Einwirkung von Dimethylamid entsteht 3-Acetyl-(2R)-(D-galakto-l′-hydroxy-2′,3′,4′,5′-tetraacetoxypentyl)- thiazolidin-(4R)-carbonsäure-dimethylamid (30). bei dem die Abschirmung durch die Amidgruppe so stark hervortritt, daß 30 nur unter verschärften Bedingungen weiteracetyliert werden kann.
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  • 66
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Heterocyclic Seven-membered Ring Compounds, XV. - The Thermal Rearrangement of a 2-Methyl-l-benzoxepin, a Contribution to the Search for Intermediates in the 1-Benzoxepin- Naphthol RearrangementThermolysis of the 2-methyl-substituted 1-benzoxepin 4 yields 1,2-dihydronaphthalen-l-one 5, which on prolonged heating gives rise to the isomeric 1,4-dihydronaphthalen-l-one 7. Thermolysis of 4 in methanol however leads to the cis-addition product 9a, from which 5 subsequently regenerated. Thus intermediates B-D of I-benzoxepin rearrangements are verified. The rate of thermolysis of 4 in solution depends upon the ability of the solvent to act as a hydrogen-bond donor.
    Notes: Das 2-Methyl-1-benzoxepin 4 lagert sich beim Erhitzen zunächst in das 1,2-Dihydronaphthalin-1-on 5 um, das bei längerer Reaktionszeit in das isomere 1,4-Dihydronaphthalin-l-on 7 übergeht. Bei der Thermolyse von 4 in Methanol entsteht zunächst die cis-Additionsverbindung 9a und daraus dann wieder 5. Dadurch werden die Zwischenstufen B - D dieser Umlagerung bewiesen. Die Geschwindigkeit der Thermolyse von 4 hängt von der Fähigkeit des Lösungsmittels ab, als Wasserstoffbrückendonator zu wirken.
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  • 67
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1975 (1975), S. 1808-1821 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Structure of Thioamides and Their Derivatives, XXXVI. - N-(Trimethylsilyl)thioamides, IThe primary thioamides 1 were treated with hexamethyldisilazane (6) to give N-(trimethyl- silyl)thioamides 3. The strong bathochromic shift of the thioamide B band in the IR spectra of these compounds indicates a weakening of the C—N bond due to dπ - pπ interaction of nitrogen and silicon. The secondary thioamides 7 - 11 were silylated via metallation with potassium or n-butyllithium and reaction with chloro(trimethyl)silane (2). IR- and 1H-NMR spectra indicate an equilibrium between the N-(trimethylsilyl)thioamide 12 and the S-(tri- methylsilyl)-thioimidate 13. With small substituents on the nitrogen and thioacyl carbon of the starting compound only the thioamide structure could be found.  - Free enthalpies of activation were calculated for isomerisation via [1.3-N.S] migration of the trimethylsilyl group and for hindered rotation about the C—N bond.
    Notes: Primäre Thioamide 1 werden mit Hexamethyldisilazan (6) in N-(Trimethylsilyl)thioamide 3 übergeführt. Die starke bathochrome Verschiebung der Thioamid-B-Bande in den IR-Spektren dieser Verbindungen deutet auf eine Schwächung der C—N-Bindung durch dπ - pπ Wechselwirkung zwischen Silizium und Stickstoff hin. Sekundäre Thioamide 7-11 können nach Metallierung mit Kalium oder n-Butyllithium mit Chlorftrimethyl)silan (2) silyliert werden. IR- und 1H-NMR-Spektren weisen auf das Vorliegen eines Gleichgewichtes zwischen N-(Trimethylsilyl)thioamid 12 und S-(Trimethylsilyl)thioimidat 13 hin. Bei sterisch anspruchslosen Substituenten am Stickstoff und am Thioacylkohlenstoff der Ausgangsver- bindung läßt sich jedoch nur die Thioamidform nachweisen. - Freie Aktivierungsenthalpien für die Isomerisierung durch [1.3-N.S]-Wanderung der Trimethylsilylgruppe und für die behinderte Rotation um die C—N-Bindung wurden bestimmt.
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  • 68
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1975 (1975), S. 1952-1955 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Acyloxy(trialky1)ammonium SaltsAlkylation of O-benzoyl-N,N-dimethylhydroxylamine (2) with trimethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate gives the benzoyloxy(trimethy1)ammonium salt 3t. Methyl iodide, however, yields dimethylmethyleneammonium iodide (7). Sodium tetraphenylborate and 3 undergo anion exchange to benzoyloxy(trimethy1)ammonium tetraphenylborate (1). With sodium benzoate a Polonovski-type reaction step takes place to give dimethylaminomethyl benzoate (6) with elimination of benzoic acid. Similarly the reaction of trimethylamine and dibenzoyl peroxide leads to 6.
    Notes: Die Umsetzung von O-Benzoyl-N,N-dimethylhydroxylamin (2) mit Trimethyloxonium-tetra- fluoroborat führt zum Benzoyloxy(trimethyl)ammoniumsalz 3, wahrend mit Methyljodid als Sekundärprodukt Dimethylmethylenammoniumjodid (7) erhalten wird. Mit Natrium- tetraphenylborat reagiert 3 unter Anionenaustausch zu Benzoyloxy(trimethyl)ammonium- tetraphenylborat (1), während mit Natriumbenzoat in Art eines Schrittes der Polonovski- Reaktion unter Abspaltung von Benzoesäure Dimethylaminomethyl-benzoat (6) entsteht. Analog führt die Umsetzung von Trimethylamin und Dibenzoylperoxid zu 6.
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  • 69
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1975 (1975), S. 1961-1966 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: A New Synthesis of 3-Amino-5-alkyl-l,2,4-thiadiazolesAcetylguanidine (2a) reacts with NaH and thiocarboxylic O-esters 10 to give N1-acetyl-N3- thioacylguanidines (e. g. 4a). With bromine these products undergo oxidative ring closure yielding 3-amino-l,2,4-thiadiazoles 1 in one step. By this method even 3-amino-l,2,4-thiadiazoles bearing lower alkyl substituents in the 5-position are obtained in reasonable yields. These compounds are now available for the first time as starting materials for synthetic work.
    Notes: Acetylguanidin (2a) läßt sich mit NaH und Thiocarbonsäure-O-estern 10 zu N1-Acetyl-N3- thioacylguanidinen (z. B. 4a) umsetzen. Diese geben bei der dehydrierenden Cyclisierung mit Brom in einem Schritt 3-Amino-1,2,4-thiadiazole 1. Auf diesem Wege sind vor allem auch 3-Amino-1,2,4-thiadiazole mit niederen Alkylresten in 5-Stellung in befriedigender Ausbeute zugänglich. Sie stehen damit erstmals als Ausgangsmaterial für synthetische Arbeiten zur Verfügung.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 70
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1975 (1975), S. 1979-1983 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactions of Cyclic Oxalyl Compounds, XIII. - Indole Rearrangement of 1-Diphenylamino-2,3-dihydro-2,3-pyrroledionesThe 1 -diphenylamino-2,3-dihydro-2,3-pyrrolediones 2, synthesized by treating the hydrazones 1 with oxalyl dichloride, can rearrange on heating to give the pyrrolo[2,3-b]indoles 3 and 6 and the (3-indolyl)glyoxylamides 4. The rearrangement is shown to be connected with the Fischer indole synthesis.
    Notes: Die aus den Hydrazonen 1 mit Oxalyldichlorid synthetisierten l-Diphenylamino-2,3-di- hydro-2,3-pyrroldione 2 lagern sich thermisch in die Pyrrolo[2,3-b]indole 3 und 6 sowie in die (3-Indolyl)glyoxylsäureamide 4 um. Der Zusammenhang mit der Fischer-Indolsynthese wird aufgezeigt.
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  • 71
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1975 (1975), S. 1984-1993 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis and Reactions of N-(Chlorocarbony1)ketene N,S-AcetalsN-(Chlorocarbony1)ketene N,S-acetals 3 are obtained by phosgenation of thioacetimidates 1 in the presence of tertiary amines. The resulting products may be further reacted either at the chlorocarbonyl or a t the ketene acetal group. With phenols and thiols only the chloro- carbonyl group reacts and the formation of N-substituted carbamates 9 as well as thiocarbamates 10 is observed. I n these derivatives the I-(alky1thio)vinyl moiety serves as a masking group which is slowly split off as alkyl thioacetate in the presence of water, and may therefore be used for the chemical masking of biologically active compounds possessing carbamate as well as thiocarbamate structures.
    Notes: Durch Phosgenierung von Thioacetimidsäureestern 1 in Gegenwart tertiärer Amine werden N-(Chlorcarbonyl)keten-N,S-acetale 3 erhalten. Hierbei handelt es sich um bifunktionelle Verbindungen, die sowohl an der Chlorcarbonyl- als auch an der Ketenacetal-Gruppierung weiter umgesetzt werden können. Nur an der Chlorcarbonylgruppe gelingt die Umsetzung mit Phenolen und Thiolen zu N-substituierten Carbamaten 9 und Thiocarbamaten 10, in denen das Stickstoffatom mit dem 1-(Alkylthio)vinylrest substituiert ist, der im wäßrigen Medium als Thioessigsäureester abgespalten wird. Dies läßt sich zur chemischen Maskierung von biologisch aktiven Verbindungen ausnutzen, denen eine Carbamat- oder Thiocarbamatstruktur zugrunde liegt.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 72
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: New Syntheses with Elemental Sulfur. - Preparation of 2-(1,3-Diaza-2-cycloalken-2-yl)thiophenols and Their Conversion into 1,4-Benzothiazepines and 1,3,4-Benzothiadiazepineso-Halobenzaldehydes 1 and o-halobenzylidene dihalides 2 form 2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)thio- phenols 4 and 5, or 2-(1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-pyrimidinyl)thiophenols 6 by reaction with elemental sulfur and 1,2-diaminoalkanes or 1,3-diaminoalkanes 3, respectively. The compounds 4,5, and 6 possess two nucleophilic centers, and are thus readily converted into a large number of compounds (7 - 24) by treatment with electrophilic reagents; in particular doubly annelated heterocyclic systems, e. g. 14, 18, and 22, can readily be prepared in high yields in this way.
    Notes: o-Halogenbenzaldehyde 1 und o-Halogenbenzylidendihalogenide 2 reagieren mit elementarem Schwefel und 1,2- oder 1,3-Diaminoalkanen 3 zu 2-(2-Imidazolin-2-yl)thiophenolen 4 und 5 bzw. 2-(I,4,5,6-Tetrahydro-2-pyrimidinyl)thiophenolen 6. Als Verbindungen mit zwei nucleophilen Zentren stellen diese interessante Zwischenprodukte dar, die durch Umsetzen mit elektrophilen Substanzen in eine Vielzahl neuer Verbindungen (7 - 24) umgewandelt werden; insbesondere zweifach kondensierte Schwefelstickstoffheterocyclen, wie z. B. 14, 18 oder 22, sind auf diese Weise einfach und in hohen Ausbeuten zugänglich.
    Additional Material: 19 Tab.
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  • 73
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1975 (1975), S. 2006-2009 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Aminomethylation of N-Hydroxyphthalimide, IIOn reaction with formaldehyde and dibenzylamine, N-hydroxyphthalimide (2) undergoes ring expansion to form 3-dibenzylaminomethyl-3,4-dihydro-1 H-2,3-benzoxazine-l,4-dione (6a) from which the dibenzylaminomethyl group can be eliminated to give 3. With N,N-dibenzyl- (chloromethyl)amine the potassium salt 1 of 2 gives the N-(dibenzylaminomethoxy)phthalimide (5a), isomeric to 6a. With N,N-dibenzyl(chloromethy1)amine the silver salt 4 of 3 likewise gives 6a and the isomeric 7a, aminomethylated at the oxygen atom. Analogously, the compounds 6b and 6c are obtained from 4 and N-(chloromethyl)morpholine and N-(chloromethyl)piperidine, respectively.
    Notes: N-Hydroxyphthalimid (2) ergibt mit Formaldehyd und Dibenzylamin unter Ringerweiterung 3-Dibenzylaminomethyl-3,4-dihydro-l H-2,3-benzoxazin-1,4-dion (6a), dessen Dibenzyl- aminomethylgruppe zu 3 abgespalten wird. Das Kaliumsalz 1 von 2 liefert mit N,N-Dibenzyl-(chlormethy1)amin das ·zu 6a isomere N-(Dibenzy1aminomethoxy)phthalimid (5a). Das Silber- salz 4 von 3 ergibt mit N,N-Dibenzyl(chlormethy1)amin ebenfalls 6a und das isomere, am Sauerstoffatom aminomethylierte 7a. In analoger Weise werden mit N-(Chlormethyl)morpholin und N(Chlormethyl)piperidin aus 4 die Verbindungen 6b bzw. 6c erhalten.
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  • 74
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Catalysis by phthalocyanines, XVII. - Autoxidation of m-Diisopropylbenzene and m-Iso- propyl-7-cumyl Hydroperoxide in the Presence of Copper PhthalocyanineThe autoxidation of m-diisopropylbenzene (1) [at 90- llO°C] is accelerated by copper phthalocyanine; at high degrees of oxidation very high yields of predominantly m-isopropyl-7-cumyl hydroperoxide (2) and m-phenylenediiscapropyl dihydroperoxide (3) are obtained without substantial secondary reaction taking place. The autoxidation of m-isopropyl-7-cumyl hydroperoxide (2) in chlorobenzene as solvent (at 90-100°C) in the presence of copper phthalocyanine yields considerable amounts of secondary products. In both cases an α→β-conversion of the copper phthalocyanine takes place. The results are discussed with regard to the mechanism of catalysis, the theory of extended oxidation phases and association balances.
    Notes: Die Autoxidation von m-Diisopropylbenzol (1) [bei 90- ll0°C] wird durch Kupferphthalocyanin beschleunigt, wobei auch bei hohen Oxidationsgraden ohne wesentliche Sekundärreaktionen sehr hohe Ausbeuten an überwiegend m-Isopropyl-7-cumylhydroperoxid (2) sowie m-Phenylenbis(isopropy1hydroperoxid) (3) erreicht werden. Bei der Autoxidation von m-Isopropyl-7-cumylhydroperoxid (2) in Chlorbenzol als Lösungsmittel (bei 90- 100°C) werden dagegen in Gegenwart von Kupferphthalocyanin sehr erhebliche Mengen an Sekundärprodukten gefunden. In beiden Fällen wird eine α→β.Umwandlung des α-Kupferphthalocyanins beobachtet. Die Ergebnisse werden im Hinblick auf den Katalysemechanismus, auf die Theorie der erweiterten Oxidationsphasen und auf Assoziationsgleichgewichte diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 75
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Oxides of 1,2,3-Thiadiazoles, IV1). - Photolysis of 1,2,3-Thiadiazole 2-OxidesPhotolysis of 1,2,3-thiadiazole 2-oxides 2 yields mainly the isomeric 3-oxides 6 and the 1,2,3-thiadiazoles 1. Intramolecular cycloaddition mechanisms of the ring scrambling and the properties of the 1,2,3-thiadiazole 3-oxides 6 are discused in detail.
    Notes: Die Photolyse der 1,2,3-Thiadiazol-2-oxide 2 ergibt hauptsächlich die isomeren 3-Oxide 6 und die und die 1,2,3-Thiadiazole 1. Die intramolekularen Cycloadditionsmechanismen für die Ringgerüstumlagerung sowie die Eigenschaften der 1,2,3-Thiadiazol-3-oxide 6 werden ausführlich diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 76
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    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1975 (1975), S. 1264-1271 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation of Diaryl(3-phenyl-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)methanolsTwo new syntheses are described for 5-diphenylmethyl-3-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole (2a), which can be oxidized to the alcohol 1a. The compound 1a and its derivatives 1b and 1c are synthesized by treatment of the corresponding benzophenones with teh lithium derivative of 1-benzyl-3-phenyl-1,4,4-triazole (6). Location of the benzyl group in position 1 of 6 is proved and two methods are reported for preparing 6. The isomeric 1-benzyl-and 4-benzyl-5-diphenylmethyl-3-phenyl-1,2,4-triazoles (8 and 11) have been synthesized.
    Notes: Beschrieben werden zwei neue Synthesen für 5-Diphenylmethyl-3-phenyl-1,2,4-triazol (2a), das sich zum Alkohol 1a oxidieren läβt. Die Verbindung 1a sowie die zugehörigen Derivate 1b und 1c können aus der Lithiumverbindung des 1-Benzyl-3-phenyl-1,2,4-triazols (6) mit den entsprechenden Benzophenonen dargestellt werden. Die 1-Stellung des Benzylrests in 6 wird bewiesen und zwei Herstellungsverfahren für 6 angegeben. Die isomeren 1-Benzyl-und 4-Benzyl-5-diphenylmethyl-3-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole (8 und 11) werden synthetisiert.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 77
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1975 (1975), S. 1272-1294 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: 1,2,4-Triazafulvenes and 1,2,4-Triazafulvenium Salts (Heteroanalogues of Triarylmethyl Dyes1))Solutions of the alcohols 8a and 9a in concentrated sulfuric acid and those of the perchlorate of 13 in tetrahydrofuran or acetonitrile contain coloured monocations; according to their electronic spectra these cations are heteroanalogues 11, 12 and 13 of triarylmethyl dyes. - Deprotonation of chlorodiphenyl(3-phenyl-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)methane (8b), and of the impure analogue 9b and the perchlorate of 13 in tetrahydrofuran, benzene, or acetonitrile results in coloured solutions of the 1,2,4-triazafulvenes 5, 6 and 7. According to the electronic spectra, which were compared with those of fuchsone and correspondingly substituted fuchsones as well as with the protonated species, the heterocyclic ring seems to be easily polarizable, and this may also be true of its protonated state in the above mentioned dyestuff cations. - Triazafulvene dimers having structures 41-43 are available by several procedures; in addition the hydrates 44 and 45 of a dimeric and a tetrameric form of 5 isolated. Teh ''protolytic cleavage'' of 42 into the corresponding coloured cation 12 was studied as an example. the dehydration of the alcohols 8a-10a with an excess of carbodiimides yields the products 48a-c resulting from addition of carbodiimides to the fulvenes 5-7 which probably occur as intermediates.
    Notes: Lösungen der Alkohole 8a und 9a in konz. Schwefelsäure sowie des Perchlorats von 13 in Tetrahydrofuran oder Acetonitril enthalten farbige Monokationen, deren Elektronenspektren sie als Heteroanaloge 11, 12 und 13 von Triarylmethylfarbstoffen ausweisen. - Durch Deprotonierung von Chlordiphenyl(3)-phenyl-1,2,4 triazol-5-yl)methan (8b) sowie des nicht rein dargestellten Analogen 9b und des Perchlorats von 13 in Tetrahydrofuran, Benzol oder Acetonitril wurden farbige Lösungen der entsprechenden Triazafulvene 5, 6 und 7 erhalten. Nach den Elektronenspektren, die mit denen von Fuchson und analog substituierten Fuchsonen sowie den dazugehörigen protonierten Formen verglichen wurden, scheint der heterocyclus leicht polarisierbar zu sein, was auch für dessen protonierten Zustand in den erwähnten Farbstoffkationen zutreffen dürfte.  -  Dimere der Triazafulvene mit der Struktur 41 - 43 sind auf verschiedene Weise zugänglich, auch die Hydrate 44 und 45 eines Di- bzw. Tetrameren von 5 wurden isoliert. An 42 wurde dessen „protolytische Spaltung'' in das zugehörige farbige Kation 12 beobachtet. - Bei der Dehydratisierung der Alkohole 8a-10a mit einem Überschuß an Carbodiimiden entstanden die Additionsprodukte 48a-c dieser Carbodiimide
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 78
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    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1975 (1975), S. 1409-1421 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactivity of Electron Rich Olefins, VI1). - Reactions of Ethylenetetraamines with Carboxamides and CarbohydrazidesThe ethylenetetraamines 1a and b react with the carboxamides 5 11a-c to give the N-(2-imidazolidinyl)carboxamides 6a-e and 12a-c respectively. The reaction of 1a with urea, N,N-dimethylurea and ethylurethane yields 17,20 and 21. Carboxhydrazides react with 1a to yield the acylated formamidrazones 23a-d. The chloromethanesulfonamide 26 reacts with 1 to form the oxathiazoline 28.
    Notes: Die Äthylentetraamine 1a und b reagieren mit den Carbonsäureamiden 5 und 11a-c zu den N-(2-Imidazolidinyl)carboxamiden 6a-e bzw. 12a-c. Aus 1a und Harnstoff, N,N-Dimethylharnstoff oder Äthylurethan erhält man 17, 20 bzw. 21. Carbonsäurehydrazide liefern dagegen mit 1a die acylierten Formamidrazone 23a-d. Aus dem acylierten Chlormethansulfonamid 26 erhält man mit 1a das Oxathiazolin 28.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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  • 79
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Indoles and Indole Alkaloids, XVII. Influence of the Configurations of Alkyl Substituents in Positions 2 and 4a on the Chiroptical Properties of Tetrahydro-4a-carbazolesThe absolute configurations of the 2,4a-dialkyltetrahydro-4a H-carbazoles 1-6 were assigned by means of the CD curves of the optically active reference compounds 7-10. The configurations of the substituents in the positions 2 and 4a exert a quite different influence on the signs of the CD curves of the compounds of typ I-III depending on the nature of the chromophoric systems. The spatial requirement of the substituent in position 2 plays also an important role in this respect.
    Notes: Mit Hilfe der CD-Kurven der optisch aktiven Vergleichssubstanzen 7-10 konnten die absoluten Konfigurationen der 2,4a-Dialkyltetrahydro-4aH-carbazole 1-6 aufgeklärt warden. Bei diesen Verbindungen vom Typ I-III üben die Konfigurationen der Substituenten in den Positionen 2 and 4a in Abhängigkeit von der Art des chromophoren Systems einen ganz unterschiedlichen Einfluß auf die Vorzeichen der CD-Kurven aus. Auch die Raumerfüllung des Substituenten in Position 2 spielt dabei eine wesentliche Rolle.
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  • 80
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Diyne Reaction, XXXV. - reactions of Rhodium Complexes with Cycloalkynes and Dehydrobenzene)The reactivity of the rhodium complexes 1-3 of a o-diketo diyne derivatives towards strained cyclic acetylenes is examined. The tetra-, penta-, hexa-, and octamethylene-1,2,3-selenadiazoles 4, as well as the stable 8- and 10-membered cycloalkynes 9 react with the rhodium complexes 1-3 to form substituted quinone derivatives 5. The reaction of the complexes 1-3 with cyclopenteno-1,2,3-selenadiazole (4e) leads to 1,4-diselenine 8. - Dehydrobenzene does not react with the rhodium complexes.
    Notes: Die Reaktivität der Rhodiumkomplexe 1-3 von o-Diketo-diin-Derivaten gegenüber gespannten cyclischen acetylenen wird untersucht. die Tetra-, Hexa- and Oktamethylen-1,2,3-selenadiazole 4, die als Vorstufen für die cyclischen Acetylene dienen, sowie die stabilen 8- und 10 gliedrigen Cycloalkine 9 reagieren mit den Rhodiumkomplexen 1-3 unter Bildung von substituierten Chinon-Derivaten 5. Dagegen bildet sich bei der Umsetzung der Komplexe 1-3mit Cyclopentento-1,2,3-selenadiazol (4e) das 1,4-Diselenin 8. - Mit Dehydrobenzol setzen sich die Rhodiumkomplexe nicht um.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 81
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    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1975 (1975), S. 1445-1454 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Cycloaddition Reactions with Azabenzenes, IX). - Synthesis and Structure of Cyclopenta[c]-pyrido[2.1-f][1,2,4]triazinesThe 1,2,4 triazines 1a-1g react with dimethyl 4,5,6,7-tetrachlorospiro[2.4]hepta-1,4,6-triene-1,2-dicarboxylate (4), giving cyclopenta[c]pyrido[2.1-f][1,2,4]triazines 5a-5g whose structure was determined by X-ray analysis. compounds 1g and4 give, besides 5g, an isomeric compound which is a cyclopentap[c]pyrido[2.1-b][1,2,4]triazine 12.
    Notes: Die 1,2,4-Triazine 1a-1g reagieren mit 4,5,6,7-Tetrachlorspiro[2.4]hepta-1,4,6-trien-1,2-dicarbonsäure-dimethylester (4) zu Cyclopenta[c]pyrido[2.1-f]p1,2,4]triazinen 5a-5g, deren Struktur durch Röntgenstrukturanalyse von 5a gesichert wurde. Aus 1g and 4 entstand neben wenig 5g eine isomere Verbindung, bei der es sich um ein Cyclopenta[c]pyrido[2.1-b][1,2,4]-triazin 12 handelt.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 82
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Structure of Thioamides and Their Derivatives, XXXV). Studies on the Stability of the E- and Z-Configuration of Methyl Thiobenzohydroximates and N-(Methoxy)dithioimidocarbonatesBy irradiation with UV light the methyl thiobenzohydroximates (Z-1 may be converted to the thermic stable E-isomers. The kinetics of the acid catalyzed E ⇄ Z conversion shows that the free energy of activation for inversion at nitrogen (ΔG≥) must be higher than 24.3 kcal/mol (101.6 kJ/mol). In like manner D-NMR measurements indicate high barriers to inversion of ΔG≥ 25.5 kcal/mol) (106.7 kJ/mol) for N-(methoxy)dithioimidocarbonates 2. The dipole moment of (Z-1a was found to be 2.12 D whereas a lower dipole moment of 1.27 D was measured for the thermodynamically less stable (E-1a.
    Notes: Die Thiobenzhydroximsáure-methylester (E-1 können durch Bestrahlung mit UV-Licht in die thermisch stabilen E-Isomeren umgewandelt werden. Die Kinetik der säurekatalysierten E → Z Umwandlung zeigt, daβ die freie Aktivierungsenthalpie der Strickstoffinversion (ΔG≥) höher sein muβ als 24.3 kcal/mol (101.6 kJ/mol). Gleicherweise zeigen D-NMR- Messungen, daβ die N-(Methoxy)dithiokohlensäureimidester 2 hohe Isomerisierungsbarrieren von ΔG≥25.5 kcal/mol) besitzen. Das Dipolmoment von (Z)-1a beträgt 2.12 D, während für das thermodynamisch instabilere (E -1a ein niedrigeres Diplomoment von 1.27 D gemessen wurde.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 83
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    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1975 (1975), S. 1484-1498 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: α-Sulfonyl Ethers IX. - Enol Ethers of α-Ketosulfones from Carbonyl Olefination with Anions of α-Alkoxy α-Sulfonyl KetonesAnions of α-acylated a-sulfonyl ethers 1 condense with reactive aldehydes 2 (without α-hydro-gen) yielding enol ethers of hypothetic α-ketosulfones. The acyl groups of the anionic components and the aldehyde oxygens of the carbonyl components are split off together as carboxylates in a fragmentation step. Depending on the nature of the aldehyde, E-isomers and mixtures of E,Z-isomers are formed; however 2-isomers also arise stereospecifically which with one exception quantitatively rearrange by proton catalysis yielding thermodynamically more stable E-isomers. NOE measurements are used to determine the structure.
    Notes: Anionen von α-Sulfonyläthern 1 kondensieren mit reaktiven Aldehyden 2 (ohne α-ständigen Wasserstoff) zu Enoläthern hypothetischer α-Ketosulfone. Die Acylgruppe der Anionkomponente und der Aldehydsauerstoff der Carbonylkomponente werden dabei gemeinsam im Sinne einer Fragmentierung als Carboxylat abgespalten. - In Abhängigkeit vom Aldehyd entstehen reine E-Isomere und E,Z-Isomerengemische, jedoch auch stereospezifisch Z-Isomere, die sich zum Teil durch Protonenkatalyse quantitativ in die thermodynamisch stabileren E-Isomere umlagern. Die Zuordnungen erfolgen aufgrund von NOE-Messungen.
    Additional Material: 7 Tab.
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  • 84
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    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1975 (1975), S. 1499-1512 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: 13C-NMR Spectra of Epimeric N-Alkylnoratropine DerivativesThe 13C-NMR spectra of several tertiary and quaternary N-alkylnoratropine derivatives (i.e. 5/6 or 15/17, table 1) as well as those of some model compounds are described. The stereochemical dependence of the ring- and N-alkyl carbon atom chemical shifts on the alkyl group configuration at the nitrogen center is characterized by means of substituent effects.
    Notes: Die 13C-NMR-Spektren einer Reihe tertiärer und quartärer N-Alkylnoratropiniumsalze (z. B. 5/6 oder 15/17; s. Tabelle 1) sowie einiger Bezugssubstanzen werden beschrieben. Die Abhängigkeit der chemischen Verschiebung der Ring- und N-Alkylkohlenstoffatome von der Stereochemie am Ammoniumstickstoff wird durch Substituenteneffekte charakterisiert.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 85
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1975 (1975), S. 1513-1520 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: 1,2-Dithiacyclopentenes, XXVII. - 2-Chloromethylene-1,3-dithioles from 4-Chloro-3H-1,2-dithiol-3-ones; Preparation and Mechanism4,5-Dichloro-3H-1,2-dithiol-3-one (1a) reacts with sodium methoxide to give three stereoisomeric 3,5-bis(chloromethylene)-1,2,4-trithiolanes 4, a 2-chloromethylene-1,3-dithiol 2a and a sulfide 3 which belongs to 2a. - 2-Chloromethylene-1,3-dithioles are formed from 4-chloro-3H-1,2-dithiol-3ones and nucleophilic partners via different mechanisms, depending on the substituent in the 5-position of the 3H-1,2-dithiol-3-one system and on the reagent. A thioketene intermediate is formed on reaction of 4,5-[5-36Cl]dichloro-3H-1,2-dithiol-3-one (1a*) with methylmagnesium iodide or sodium methoxide and on reaction of 4-chloro-5-phenylsulfonyl-3H-1,2-dithiol-3-one (1b) with methylmagnesium iodide.
    Notes: 4,5-Dichlor-3H-1,2-dithiol-3-on (1a) reagiert mit Natriummethylat zu drei stereoisomeren 3,5-Bis(chlormethylen)-1,2,4-trithiolanen 4, einem 2-Chlormethylen-1,3-dithiol 2a und einem zu 2a gehörigen Thioäther 3. - 2-Chlormethylen-1,3-dithiole entstehen aus 4-Chlor-3H-1,2-dithiol-3-onen und nucleophilen Partnern nach verschiedenen Mechanismen in Abhängigkeit vom Substituenten in 5-Stellung am 3H-1,2Dithiol-3-on-System und vom Reagens. Es tritt eine Thioketen-Zwischenstufe auf bei den Umsetzungen von 4,5-[5-36Cl]Dichlor-3H-1,2-dithiol-3-on (1a) mit Methylmagnesiumjodid oder Natriummethylat und bei der Umsetzung von 4-Chlor-5-phenylsulfonyl-3H-1,2-dithiol-3-on (1b) mit Methylmagnesiumjodid.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 86
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Organometallic Compounds LVII 1). - Comparison of the Direction of Addition of tert.-Butyl and Isopropyl Compounds of Magnesium, Aluminium and Lithium to 1-AlkenesThe direction of addition of tri-tert.-butylaluminium (l), tat.-butylmagnesium chloride (4), tert.-butyllithium (6), tri-2-propylaluminium (3), 2-propylmagnesium chloride (3, and 2-propyllithium to 1-octene as a typical I-alkene has been studied. Whereas both the lithium compounds react in a regioselective manner with addition of the metal to C-1 of the olefin, with tri-2-propylaluminium (3) metal-to-C-1 and metal-to-C-2 addition have been observed in a ratio of 38:62. Metal-to-C-2 addition predominates (85%) in the reaction involving 2-propylmagnesium chloride (5) with I-octene (2). Almost exclusive metal-to-C-2 addition occurs in the addition of the tert.-butylmagnesium compound 4 and the tert.-butylaluminium compound 1. Owing to some side reactions the yields of reaction products in all cases are moderate. - The structures of the reaction products have been established by identification of the hydrocarbons formed by hydrolysis. Tert.-butyllithium (6) adds at 75 to 9O°C to propene (22) almost exclusively with metal-to-C-1 addition. The amount of product arising from metal-to-C-2 addition is only ca. 1%. Propene (22) is metallated to allyllithium (24) in a side reaction.
    Notes: Die Additionsrichtung von Tri-tert.-butylaluminium (l), tert.-Butylmagnesiumchlorid (4), tert.-Butyllithium (6), Tri-2-propylaluminium (3), 2-Propylmagnesiumchlorid (5) und 2-Propyllithium (7) an 1-Octen (2) als typischem 1-Alken wurde studiert. Während sich beide Lithiumverbindungen weitgehend regioselektiv unter (Metall-an-C-1)-Addition anlagern, beobachtet man mit Tri-2-propylaluminium (3) (Metall-an-C-1)- und (Metall-an-C-2)-Addition im Verhältnis 38: 62. Bei der Reaktion von 2-Propylmagnesiumchlorid (5) mit I-Octen (2) überwiegt die (Metall-an-C-Z)-Addition mit einem Anteil von 85%. Bei den tert.-Butylverbindungen des Magnesium (4) und Aluminiums (1) wird nahezu ausschließlich (Metall-an-C-2)-Addition beobachtet. Wegen verschiedener Parallelreaktionen sind die Ausbeuten an Additionsprodukt in allen Fällen nur mäßig. - Die Struktur der Reaktionsprodukte wurde über die Identifizierung der bei Hydrolyse entstehenden Kohlenwasserstoffe aufgeklärt. Tert.-Butyllithium (6) addiert sich zwischen 75 und 90°C auch an Propen (22) fast ausschließlich mit (Metall-an-C-1)-Addition. Der Anteil an Reaktionsprodukt aus der (Metall-an-C-2)-Addition ist nur ca. 1 %. In einer Parallelreaktion zur Addition erfolgt Metallierung von Propen (22) zum Allyllithium (24).
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 87
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    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1975 (1975), S. 195-200 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Dehydrogenation of 1,3-Diphenylimidazolidines with Quinones and Azo CompoundsQuinones and azo compounds dehydrogenate 1,3-diphenylimidazolidine (la) to yield 1,3-diphenylimidazolinium salts, either directly or after acid treatment. 4,5-Dichloro-3,6-dioxo-phthalodinitrile (7) gives the best result, even with 1,3-diphenylimidazolidines 1b - f sub-stituted in position 2.
    Notes: Chinone und Azoverbindungen dehydrieren 1,3-Diphenylimidazolidin (la). Man erhält direkt oder durch Nachbehandlung mit Säuren 1,3-Diphenylimidazoliniumsalze. 4,5-Dichlor-3,6-dioxophthalodinitril(7) reagiert am besten und als einziges Reagenz auch mit 2-substituierten 1,3-Diphenylimidazolidinen 1b - f.
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  • 88
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1975 (1975), S. 240-248 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis and Reactivity of Chlorinated 2-Alkyl-2H-pyransStarting materials for the synthesis of 3,4,5,6-tetrachloro-substituted 2-alkyl-2H-pyrans 2 are the known pentadienols 1a,b,d, or e, which are prepared from the acid chloride 3 by reaction with Grignard reagents at  - 60°C. On heating of 1 with sodium in boiling benzine the pyrans 2 arise by a SNi-type reaction of the initially formed alkoxides. 2H-Pyran 2a rearranges very easily at room temperature into the 4H-pyran 8. All compounds 2 are extremely autoxidizable, and on treatment with dry oxygen at room temperature they yield the 5-alkyl-3,4-dichlorofuran-2-carbonyl chlorides 11. The reaction course is discussed. The autoxidation products have been characterized by derivatization and independent synthesis of 11a from the pyrone 14a.
    Notes: Aus den bekannten Pentadienolen la, b, d und e, die aus dem Säurechlorid 3 mit Grignard-Reagenzien bei  - 60°C dargestellt werden, erhält man die Pyrane 2 durch Behandlung mit Natrium in siedendem Benzin in einer Reaktion vom SNi- Typus der zunächst gebildeten Alkoholate. 2H-Pyran 2a lagert sich sehr leicht in das 4H-Pyran 8 um. Die 2H-Pyrane 2 sind äußerst luftempfindlich. Mit trockenem Sauerstoff bilden sich bei Raumtemperatur sehr rasch die 5-Alkyl-3,4-dichlorfuran-2-carbonsäurechloride 11. Der Reaktionsverlauf wird diskutiert. Die Autoxidationsprodukte werden durch Derivate und eine unabhängige Synthese von lla aus dem Pyron 14a charakterisiert.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 89
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Natural Products from Medicinal Plants, XIX 1). - Elucidation of C15-Iridoid Glucosides and Their Naturally Occurring Derivatives by 13C-NMR Spectroscopy13C-NMR spectroscopy has essential advantages over all other spectroscopical methods for elucidation of the constitution of Cis-iridoid glucosides and their naturally occurring esters. The interpretation of 13C-NMR spectra is facilitated by the fact that the resulting chemical shifts represent combinations of the partial structures of the molecule in question. Therefore both the identification of known compounds as well as the elucidation of the constitution of hitherto unknown iridoid glucosides can be achieved without difficulty. The constitutions 1a and 11 postulated for the leonuride and picroside-2, respectively, are confirmed.
    Notes: Die Konstitutionsermittlung der C15-Iridoidglucoside und ihrer natürlichen Ester mit Hilfe der 13C-NMR-Spektroskopie bietet gegenüber allen anderen spektroskopischen Methoden wesentliche Vorteile. Die Interpretation der 13C-NMR-Spektren wird durch die Tatsache erleichtert, daß die 13C-chemischen Verschiebungen eine Kombination der jeweiligen Teilstrukturen des betrachteten Moleküls darstellen. Aus diesem Grunde ist sowohl die Identifizierung von bekannten als auch die Konstitutionsermittlung von neuen Iridoidglucosiden ohne Schwierigkeiten durchzuführen. Die von uns aufgestellten Konstitutionen 1a für Leonurid und 11 für Picrosid-2 werden bestätigt.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 90
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1975 (1975), S. 249-254 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Thermal Decomposition of 2,2′-Biphenylylene(phenyl)iodine and Similar CompoundsThermolysis of 2,2′-biphenylylene(phenyl)iodine (4) gives mainly 2-iodo-m-terphenyl (5). Decomposition of the reaction product from 2,2′-biphenylyleneiodonium iodide (10) and methyllithium yields 2-iodo-2′-methylbiphenyl (12) and 2-iodobiphenyl (14). Compound 10 reacts with lithium aluminium hydride to give high yields of biphenyl.
    Notes: Die Thermolyse von 2,2′-Biphenylylen(phenyl)jod (4) liefert in der Hauptsache 2-Jod-m-terphenyl (5). Die Zersetzung des aus 2,2′-Biphenylylenjodoniumjodid (10) mit Methyllithium erhaltenen Reaktionsprodukts führt zu 2-Jod-2′-methylbiphenyl (12) und 2-Jodbiphenyl (14). Mit Lithiumaluminiumhydrid reagiert 10 in hohen Ausbeuten zu Biphenyl.
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  • 91
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1975 (1975), S. 266-274 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Addition of Trimethylsilyl Azide to Aldehydes and Epoxides 1)The addition of trimethylsilyl azide to aliphatic aldehydes leads to a-(trimethylsiloxy)alkyl azides 8 - 13, which on thermolysis lose nitrogen and rearrange to the corresponding N-(trimethylsilyl)carboxamides. 2-Methyl-l-(trimethylsiloxy)propyl- (11) and 2,2-dimethyl-1-(trimethylsiloxy)propyl azide (12) add to dimethylacetylenedicarboxylate with formation of dimethyl 1-[2-methyl-1-(trimethylsiloxy)propyl]- (22) and dimethyl 1-[2,2-dimethyl-1-(trimethylsiloxy)propyl]-1,2,3-triazoledicarboxylate (23). Reaction of silyl azide with cyclohexene oxide gives exclusively trans-2-(trimethylsiloxy)cyclohexyl azide (26) and with styrene oxide 2-phenyl-2-(trimethylsiloxy)ethyl azide (31). 31 is transformed by hydrolysis and reduction into 2-hydroxy-2-phenylethylamine (33). Reaction of 31 with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate affords dimethyl 1-[2-phenyl-2-(trimethylsiloxy)ethyl]-1,2,3-triazole-4,5-dicarboxylate (35), which is desilylated to dimethyl 1-(2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)-1,2,3-triazole-4,5-dicarboxylate (36).
    Notes: Die Addition von (Trimethylsilyl)azid an aliphatische Aldehyde führt zu den a-(Trimethylsiloxy)alkylaziden 8 - 13, die durch Thermolyse unter Stickstoffabspaltung zu den entsprechenden N-(Trimethylsilyl)carbonsäureamiden umgelagert werden. 2-Methyl-l-(trimethylsiloxy)propylazid (11) und 2,2-Dimethyl-l-(trimethylsiloxy)-propylazid (12) lassen sich an Acetylendicarbonsäure-dimethylester unter Bildung von 1-[2-Methyl-1-(trimethylsiloxy)-propyl)-(22) und 1-]2,2-Dimethyl-1-(trimethylsiloxy)propyl)-l,2,3-triazol-4,5-dicarbonsäuredimethylester (23) addieren. - Silylazid bildet mit Cyclohexenoxid trans-2-(Trimethylsiloxy)-cyclohexylazid (26) und mit Styroloxid ausschließlich 2-Phenyl-2-(trimethylsiloxy)äthylazid (31). Verbindung 31 wird durch Hydrolyse und Reduktion in 2-Hydroxy-2-phenyläthylamin (33) übergeführt. Die Addition von 31 an Acetylendicarbonsäure-dimethylester ergibt 1-[2-Phenyl-2-(trimethylsiloxy)äthyl]- 1,2,3-triazol-4,5-dicarbonsäureester 35, der zu 1 -(2-Hydroxy-2-phenyläthyl)-1,2,3-triazol-4,5-dicarbonsäureester 36 entsilyliert wird.
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  • 92
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Structure of Thioamides and Their Derivatives, XXXII1). - Synthesis, IR- and IH-NMR-spectroscopic Studies on 2-Aminobenzamides and -thiobenzamidesDifferent methods for the synthesis of amides and thioamides of 2-aminobenzoic acid, in particular those in which the protons on both amino-groups are successively exchanged by organic substituents in all possible variations, are reported. From the frequencies and the relative intensities of the NH-stretching vibration bands of these substances in tetrachloro-methane solutions and from the 1H-NMR signal assignments conclusions are drawn regarding the electronic, steric and conformational properties. especially the formation of intramolecular hydrogen bonds of the type NH…X (X = 0, S) and NH…N, as well as the occurrence of E/Z isomerism.
    Notes: Es werden Methoden zur Darstellung von Amiden und Thioamiden der 2-Aminobenzoesäure, und zwar aller durch sukzessiven Austausch der Protonen an beiden Aminogruppen gegen organische Reste denkbaren Varianten, angegeben. Aus der Lage und den relativen Intensitaten der NH-Valenzschwingungsbanden dieser Verbindungen in verdünnten Tetrachlorkohlenstofflösungen und der Zuordnung der 1H-NMR-Signale werden Aussagen über elektronische, sterische und konformative Verhältnisse, insbesondere über die Ausbildung intramolekularer NH … X- (X = 0, S) und NH … N-Wasserstoffbrücken sowie über die E/Z-Isomerie gewonnen.
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  • 93
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Oxidationproducts of Carbothioamides, XXXII1). - Thiobenzanilide S,S-Dioxide as Reactive Aminosulfene Intermediate in the Oxidative Imidate Formation from Thiobenzanilide S-Oxide in the Presence of AlcoholsEvidence for aminosulfene formation in the oxidation of thiobenzanilide S-oxide has been obtained, consisting of the formation of imidates in the presence of alcohols. The formation of benzanilide in the absence of nucleophiles indicates another reaction path competing with imidate formation and predominating in the case of sterically hindered alcohols. At higher pH values product analyses indicate a different mechanism for oxidative sulfur elimination.
    Notes: Sichere Anzeichen für eine Aminosulfenbildung bei der Oxidation von Thiobenzanilid-S-oxid wurden in der Entstehung von Imidoestern in Gegenwart von Alkoholen erhalten. Bei Abwesenheit von Nucleophilen gibt die Entstehung yon Benzanilid einen zweiten Reaktionsweg an, der mit der Imidoesterbildung konkurriert und bei sterisch gehinderten Alkoholen in den Vordergrund tritt. Bei höheren pH-Werten weist die Produktanalyse auf einen anderen Mechanismus der oxidativen Schwefeleliminierung hin.
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  • 94
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1975 (1975), S. 342-351 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Organic Syntheses in the Plasma of Glow Discharges, XIV. - Synthesis of Indenes by Decarbonylation of Naphthols1- and 2-Naphthols readily loose carbon monoxide in glow discharges, yielding indene in 80 - 90% yield. In analogous reactions naphthalenedioles form indenoles or indenones in about 30 % yield, while hydroxynaphthonitriles afford indenecarbonitriles in yields of up to 70%. Reduction of the hydroxy group takes place as a side reaction. Both decarbonylation and reduction probably involve ion-molecule complexes.
    Notes: 1- und 2-Naphthol decarbonylieren im Plasma leicht und mit 80-90proz. Ausbeuten zu Inden. In analoger Reaktion liefern Naphthalindiole zu etwa 30% Indenole oder Indenone und Hydroxynaphthonitrile bis zu 70% Indencarbonitrile. Als Nebenreaktion wird eine Reduktion der Hydroxygruppe beobachtet. Decarbonylierungen und Reduktionen verlaufen vermutlich über Ionen-Molekül-Komplexe.
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  • 95
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: N,N′-(3,4-Diaza-1,6-diphenyl-ly3,5-hexatriene-l,6-diyl)dimorpholines from Electrophilic Diazo Compounds and Enamines: a Novel Reaction of Diazo CompoundsBis(methylsulfonyl)diazomethane (2) reacts at room temperature in chloroform with (two equivalents of) the N-(1-phenylvinyl)morpholines 1 to form N,N′-(3,4-diaza-1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene-1,6-diyl)dimorpholines 8 and bis(methylsulfonyl)methane (9). Ethyl nitrodiazoacetate reacts analogously. Dipolar species of type 3 and vinyl diazonium salts of typ 6 are discussed as intermediates.
    Notes: Bis(methylsulfonyl)diazomethan (2) setzt sich mit (2 Äquivalenten) N-(1-Phenylvinyl)morpholinen 1 in Chloroform bei Raumtemperatur zu N,N′-(3,4-Diaza-1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatrien-1,6-diyl)dimorpholinen 8 und Bis(methylsulfonyl)methan (9) um. Analog reagiert Nitrodiazoessigsäure-äthylester. Intermediär dürfte eine dipolare Zwischenstufe vom Typ 3 und ein Vinyldiazoniumion vom Typ 6 durchlaufen werden.
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  • 96
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1975 (1975), S. 373-386 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Phosphamethine Cyanine Dyestuffs with Benzimidazolyl SubstituentsThe syntheses of phosphamethine cyanine dyestuffs with benzimidazolyl substituents are described. One representative is symmetrically substituted with two identical benzimidazolyl residues and the other is unsymmetrically substituted with one benzimidazolyl and one quinolyl residue on the phosphorus. Isolation of an intermediate provides supporting evidence for the formerly supposed mechanism3J of the synthesis. The physical and chemical properties of the new strongly basic phosphamethine cyanines are compared with analogously substituted monomethine cyanines and with previously prepared phosphamethine cyanines especially the 1H-, 31P-, and 13C-NMR spectra and the UV-spectra.
    Notes: Die Synthesen von Phosphamethincyanin-Farbstoffen mit Benzimidazolylsubstituenten, symmetrische mit zwei gleichen Benzimidazolylresten und einem unsymmetrischen mit einem Benzimidazolyl- und einem Chinolylrest am Phosphor, werden beschrieben. Durch Isolierung eines Zwischenproduktes wird der früher angenommene Syntheseverlauf3) gestützt. Die physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften der neuen, stark basischen Phosphamethincyanine werden mit analog substituierten Monomethincyaninen und mit früher erhaltenen Phosphamethincyaninen verglichen, insbesondere die 1H-, 31P- und 13C-NMR-Daten sowie die UV-Spektren.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 97
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1975 (1975), S. 352-372 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Boron Compounds, XXIX. - Catalysed Diethylborylation of Alcohols and PhenolsThe elimination of one ethyl group as ethane from triethylborane below 80°C by alcohols, phenols or dihydroxy compounds with (diethylboryl) pivalate as catalyst yields alkoxy(diethyl)-boranes (table 8), aryloxy(diethyl)boranes (table 11) and bis(dialkylboryloxy) compounds (table 10) in high yields. - Other trialkylboranes react more slowly than triethylborane, the rates decreasing in the sequence: BEt3 ≥ BPr3 〉 B(iPr)3 〉 B(iBu)3. Borylations with B(CH3)3 are very slow even in the presence of (dialkylboryl)pivalate and do not proceed uniformly. Alkyl pivalates, pivalonitrile, other derivatives of pivalic acid (table 13) as well as derivatives of other carboxylic acids (table 1) are less active. The catalysed diethylborylations of hydroxy compounds containing C=C or C =C bonds (table 9). halogens (F, CI, Br; table 12). carboxylate and aromatic nitrogroups all proceed without side reactions.  -  The catalytic diethylborylation is well suited for the quantitative determination of hydroxy groups (table 2  - 7).
    Notes: Die mit (Diäthylboryl)pivalat katalysierte Abspaltung eines Äthylrestes aus Triäthylboran führt mit Alkoholen, Phenolen oder Dihydroxyverbindungen unterhalb 80°C in hohen Ausbeuten zu Alkoxy(diäthyl)boranen (Tabelle 8), Aryloxy(diäthyl)boranen (Tabelle 11) bzw. zu Bis(diäthylboryloxy)verbindungen (Tabelle 10). Andere Trialkylborane reagieren langsamer als Triäthylboran, und zwar in der Reihenfolge: Bät3 ≥ BPr3 〉 B(iPr)3 〉 B(iBu)3. Die Borylierungen mit B(CH3)3 verlaufen auch in Anwesenheit von Pivalinsäure-dialkylborylester nur träge und nicht einheitlich.  -  Weniger aktiv als (Dialkylboryl)pivalate sind andere Pivalinsäurederivate (Tabelle 13) oder Derivate anderer Carbonsäuren (Tabelle I).  - Auch die katalysierten Diäthylborylierungen von Hydroxyverbindungen mit C = C- oder C = C-Bindungen (Tabelle 9) sowie von Derivaten mit Fluor-, Chlor- oder Bromatomen (Tabelle 12) oder mit Carbonsäureestergruppen oder aromatischen Nitrogruppen verlaufen ohne Nebenreaktionen.  -  Die katalysierte Diäthylborylierung eignet sich gut zur quantitativen Bestimmung von Hydroxygruppen (Tabellen 2-7).
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  • 98
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1975 (1975) 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 99
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1975 (1975), S. 415-423 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: PerchloroazaacenaphthylenesPerchloro-5-azaacenaphthylene (7) is obtained by heating heptachloro-1-naphthyl isocyanide dichloride (2) to 400°C. In connection with the structural determination of 7 the three isomeric perchloro-1-, perchloro-3-, and perchloro-4-azaacenaphthylenes (4-6) and perchloro-3.5-diazaacenaphthylene (21) are synthesized.
    Notes: Perchlor-5-azaacenaphthylen (7) wird durch Erhitzen von Heptachlor-l-naphthyl-isocyaniddichlorid (2) auf 400°C erhalten. Im Zuge der Strukturaufklärung von 7 werden die drei isomeren Perchlor-1 -, Perchlor-3- und Perchlor-4-azaacenaphthylene (4-6) und das Perchlor-3,5-diazaacenaphthylen (21) hergestellt.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1975 (1975), S. 438-448 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Investigations on Dicyclopentadienylzirconium(IV) and Organoaluminium SystemsThe 1H-NMR spectra of some organo-zirconium-aluminium compounds having M -C-C-M type structure are described. Their structures, conformations, and complexation with alkylaluminium are discussed in terms of coalescence temperatures.
    Notes: Die 1H-NMR-Spektren einiger zirkon-aluminiumorganischer Verbindungen mit M-C -C-M-Struktur werden beschrieben und Strukturen, Konformere sowie Komplexbildung mit Alkylaluminium an Hand der Koaleszenztemperaturen diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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